Deltanode Solutions DDS001 Distributed Antenna System User Manual

Deltanode Solutions AB Distributed Antenna System

User Manual

Release 15-01Copyright © 2015 DeltaNode® Solutions Ltd. SwedenDeltaNode SolutionsUSER MANUAL
DELTANODE USER MANUAL©DeltaNode Solutions 20151Revision 15-01Contents1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 21.1 RF on fiber ............................................................................................................................... 22 Installation guidelines ..................................................................................................................... 32.1 Health and Safety .................................................................................................................... 32.2 Installing the Master Unit........................................................................................................ 42.3 Installing the Remote Units..................................................................................................... 53 System Description.......................................................................................................................... 83.1 Purpose.................................................................................................................................... 83.2 General .................................................................................................................................... 83.2.1 Specifications:.................................................................................................................. 83.3 Master Unit.............................................................................................................................. 93.3.1 MFU – Master Frame Unit............................................................................................... 93.3.2 BIU – The Base Station Interface................................................................................... 103.3.3 FOI – The Fiber Optic Interface unit .............................................................................. 103.4 Remote Unit .......................................................................................................................... 12
DELTANODE USER MANUAL©DeltaNode Solutions 20152Revision 15-01Single mode fiberAngled connectorsOptical loss < 15 dB1 IntroductionThis document contains quick guidelines on how to operate the DeltaNode Fiber-DAS concept andhow to install a Remote Unit on site, commission and maintain such a system for the life span of theentire installation.When other manufacturers have converted off-air repeaters into fiber-fed repeaters, DeltaNode hasdeveloped the concept from scratch with fiber distribution in mind from the start. This allows forextremely good radio performance and we are proud of having the best in class noise figure of lessthan 3 dB for the whole system, antenna > remote unit > base station interface port.1.1 RF on fiberA fiber distributed antenna system (Fiber-DAS) is a very efficient way of transmitting radio signalsover large distances. Up to about 25 km of fiber between the head-end and the remote unit isallowed, providing that the radio access technology (RAN) do not suffer timing issues and that thefiber loss is within the specification.The main principle is to use an infra-red light source which is modulated with the combined radiosignals that needs to be propagated. The fiber channel system is ultra wide-band, ranging from 88MHz up to 2600 MHz and thus covering most types of radio communication systems such as FMbroadcast, VHF communication radios (so called PMR systems), TETRA, GSM, CDMA, WCDMA andother radio access technologies that are available.The dynamic of the fiber is good enough to tolerate multi-carrier, multi-band and multi-operatorsolutions this way, but of course they all share the available dynamics and if there are a very largenumber of carriers the fiber attenuation needs to be looked at of course.Because most land mobile radio systems and cellular systems are using Frequency Division Duplex(FDD) this means that there needs to be either two separate fibers, one for the uplink (signals fromthe terminal towards the base station) and for the downlink (signals from the radio base stationtowards the terminal) or they may be multiplexed on the same fiber using different wavelengths.The most popular way is to use wave-length division multiplexing(WDM) which is the normal configuration of the DeltaNode Fiber-DASconcept. However, separate UL/DL fibers can be used if it is necessaryor desired.Because the modulation is analogue the system requires the fibers to be of single mode type. Allconnectors used in DeltaNode equipment for Fiber-DAS are of SC-APC type with a 7° angle. It is veryimportant that all connectors in patches et cetera between the Master Unit (MU) and the RemoteUnit (RU) are angled; otherwise reflections are caused which will cause problems with the quality ofthe signals throughout the entire DAS system.
DELTANODE USER MANUAL©DeltaNode Solutions 20153Revision 15-012 Installation guidelines2.1 Health and SafetyDeltaNode DAS system is an advanced system and should be handled by skilled staff. DeltaNode isoffering training of installation service providers in the case where this is necessary.Read all available documentation and warnings before handling the equipment!Equipmentfailures due to improper handling are normally not covered by the product warranty!Respect all warning signs on the equipment and in the documentation. Make sure to only operatethe equipment on frequencies allowed to use. Do not modify the equipment! The equipmentcontains a Class 3B laser and the equipment is Class 1. Never look into the Laser beam directly orindirectly, it is strong invisible light and may cause serious damage to human eyes!Always use protective hat on fiber and connector end when fiber is removed from socket! Alwaysclean socket and connector after a fiber has been removed before you re-attach it again!Make sure to keep passwords and other operational information away from unauthorizedpersonnel!•DeltaNode DAS system is an advanced system and should be handled by FCC Licensee orFCC approved staff.•Read all documentation and warnings before handling the equipment.•Obey all warning signs on the equipment and in documentationThe equipment may get hot during operation, do not operate outside permittedtemperature range and keep away from heat sensitive material!Always disconnect the unit before opening; opening is not intended to do in the field!The equipment contains ESD sensitive components. Open the equipment ONLY in a safelocation designed for handling ESD products and use grounding devices!The product transmits RF signals. Make sure to keep away from Antennas and otherradiating devices!Avoid overheating by sunlight exposure!If the RU may be exposed to strong direct sun, use sun protector plate provided byDeltaNode! (see picture below)Consult a FCC licensee or other applicable regulation body for details on RF requirementsand safety issues on RF!
DELTANODE USER MANUAL©DeltaNode Solutions 20154Revision 15-01Warning!It is NOT recommendable to use markets unknown manufacturers for the passivecomponents within the DAS. Before using the passive components, the datasheets of suchcomponents should be revised closely by the responsible network provider and all linkbudgeting calculations should be done accordingly.2.2 Installing the Master UnitAll equipment must be properly grounded. This means that the ground peg in the mains connectorfor both head-end gear (Master Unit) and remote gear (Remote Units) must be connected to Phase,Neutral and Ground in a proper way before the plug is inserted in the unit.The chassis of the remote and the rack of the master unit should be grounded to a potential bar orsafety grounding bar when operated. All electrical installations should be done by an FCC Licenseeor/and a certified electrician only!Figure1: Master Unit Frame (example1) Figure2: Master Unit Frame (example2)Mount the BMU frames into cabinetsMount ethernet switches and cablesMount power cables (use P101 on the frames for primary power, P102 for secondary power)Install BGW and connect cablesInsert all unitsStart switchesStart BGW, wait for a few minutes until it comes up and log into it to start optimizing thesystem
DELTANODE USER MANUAL©DeltaNode Solutions 20155Revision 15-012.3 Installing the Remote UnitsThe remote units have two different types of mounts.1. The standard wall mounts. This mount is fixed to the wall with suitable bolts and then theremote is just slided in and fixed with 4 screws (included) so it cannot escape the wall mount.Snap in the complete single or dual chassis into the Wall bracket. Tighten the four bolts (twoon each side)See Pictures Below!Figure 2:Wall mount frame Figure 3: RU in the frameFigure 4: Tightening Bolt of the frame
DELTANODE USER MANUAL©DeltaNode Solutions 20156Revision 15-012. The pole mounts. The pole mount kit is an addition to the wall mount kit. They are firstassembled together, and then mounted on a pole after which the remote unit is slid in andfixed with 4 screws (included), as seen in pictures above.Figure 5: Pole mounting frame
DELTANODE USER MANUAL©DeltaNode Solutions 20157Revision 15-013. Connectors and connections of the RU are listed in the picture below.Figure 6: Connector and connections on the Remote UnitAfter this the fibers should be connected in the fiber optical port. This can either be done withstandard SC/APC fibers or a special heavy-duty SCRJ-cable for outdoor and rough environments (IP65class). Antenna jumpers are connected to the N-type or DIN 7-16 connectors at the bottom, andfinally the power cord is connected using an IP65 protective housing (included, see picture below).Figure 7: Mains ConnectorWhen the power is connected the remote automatically turns on and will attempt to connect to themaster unit over the fiber.All electrical installations should be done by an FCC Licensee or/and a certified electrician only!After the successful mounting installation and powering the Remote units, user can now startoptimizing the DAS system and accessing the Remote units through the Base Station Gateway.Login and access information such as username and passwords are provided separately.Ground screwAntenna connector, Type NOptical connector 1 and 2Mains ConnectorEthernet ConnectorExternal alarm connectorLED status, green power, red faultAntenna connector, Type NGore-Tex BreatherGroundPhaseZero
DELTANODE USER MANUAL©DeltaNode Solutions 20158Revision 15-013 System Description3.1 PurposeThe DAS system is intended to distribute wireless services for voice and data over dedicatedfiber from Master units located at the BTS site hotels to small Remote units intended fordiscrete mounting in an urban or suburban environment on poles or other outdoorlocations. The system is built on multiple wideband RF links both uplink and downlinkrunning on a separate fibers between the BTS site and Remote unit using multi drop for bestfiber usage and CWDM technology.3.2 GeneralThe system has either a common optical cable for its signal paths (uplink and downlink) orseparate optical cables, all units are equipped with remote control and the communication isperformed via a sub-carrier channel on each optical link. Every remote unit has a WEBinterface that is accessible from a standard PC with a WEB browser. In the master unit thereare low power TX and Rx RF cables connection from the various BTS’s to the optical interfacethrough some splitters. The system is managed by a CGW, Central Gateway that is theoverall interface point of the system for management function.The CGW can interface to top level O&M systems, it has routing and firewall functionalityalarm log and access control for the complete DAS system. It has the function tointerconnect all control communication, monitor the modules in of the DAS system and sendalarms to a common point via Email and/or SMS.3.2.1 Specifications:Preliminary System RequirementsOptical link budget <15dBSupport CWDM/multicolor operation and multidrop.Support wireless systems in the frequency range of 88-2200 MHzPreliminary Specifications and Requirements – NOC/O&M SoftwareWeb basedSNMP export capability (option)Real Time OperationIP based communication linksSMS export capabilityE-mail export capability
DELTANODE USER MANUAL©DeltaNode Solutions 20159Revision 15-01The Fiber-DAS system consists of two major parts; Master Unit and Remote Unit. The Master Unit(MU) and one or more Remote Units (RU) are connected to each other using optical fiber link.3.3 Master UnitThe Master Unit consists of a 19 inch frame rack with modules that are selected depending on thesystem design. Generally all Master Units contains a power supply, at least one Base Station InterfaceUnit (BIU), an RF splitter/combiner unit called the Point of Interconnect (POI) and minimum oneFiber-Optic Interface card (FOI).3.3.1 MFU – Master Frame UnitThe Master Frame Unit houses the other modules such as power supplies, fiber-optic interface cardsand base station interface units.Figure 8: Master UnitThe frame in the picture shows a frame equipped with 3 base station interface units, 6 fiber-opticinterface cards and one power supply (as just an example).Functional descriptionOne frame supports several modules which can be placed anywhere in the frame as well as acombination of several different types of units in a frame. There are 16U positions in the frame thatcan be utilized. The modules have different widths which can be found in each module’sspecifications in the following sections of this manual.This means that one shelf can house up to 4 power supplies or 8 base station interface cards or up to16 fiber-optic interface cards. Each frame needs at least one power supply, but they do notnecessarily have to be placed in the frame that they power. Quite often a system has more than onepower supply and they are usually placed together in one frame for easy access.Each frame has two Molex connectors that can be connected to a power supply. This allows for aprimary and a redundant power supply to be connected to it to ensure operation even if one powersupply should fail.
DELTANODE USER MANUAL©DeltaNode Solutions 201510Revision 15-01The frame also contains fans used to ventilate the units housed in the frame. These are high qualityfans that have a high MTBF.3.3.2 BIU – The Base Station InterfaceThe BIU is the interface used between the operator’s base stationand the Fiber-DAS system. This module has several RF connectorson the front panel and it contains duplex filters (optional) orseparate uplink/downlink paths which can be chosen dependingon the needs for the connection to the base station. In mostcases the duplexed version with a combined DL/UL port is used.Functional descriptionIn the duplexed version there are UL test connectors present(SMA) that can be used to monitor the signal out from the BIU.The version without duplex filters has the test connectorsreplaced by UL connectors and the normally combined DL/ULconnectors are replaced by DL only connectors.LED behaviorThe unit has two LEDs located on the front panel. One is the power on LED (green) and the other isthe alarm LED (red). Both LEDs can indicate a number of states by different flashing behaviors.Using it as a splitter means you connect the combined signal to the COMMON port and you can thenreceive 8 ports with equal signal strengths on ports 1-8 (minus insertion loss).3.3.3 FOI – The Fiber Optic Interface unitThe FOI is the unit responsible for converting the RF signals in thedownlink to fiber-optical laser that can be transmitted over the fiberlink to the remote unit. It is also responsible for receiving the laserlight transmitted by the Remote Unit and convert it back to RF signalsthat will then usually go into the POI and then later in to the BIU andfurther to the Base Station.The fiber-optic interface can either be a single fiber interface (withWDM) or a dual head with separate Rx and Tx connectors. This isordered as needed when the Master Unit is specified.Each FOI can serve up to 4 Remote Units over a single fiber.Safety and Care for fibersThe laser is a Class 3b laser that produces invisible infra-red coherent light.EXTREMELY IMPORTANT is to avoid looking into fiber connectors and receptacles.Not safe to view with optical instruments. Always use the protection caps on notused fibers and receptacles.Figure 2: Fiber optic interfaceFigure 1: Base station interface
DELTANODE USER MANUAL©DeltaNode Solutions 201511Revision 15-01OPTO IN/OUTThis is the receptacle for the optical fiber. The illustration shows the modulewith built in WDM (combined Rx/Tx).UL OUT 1/2These are the RF ports that normally are patched to the POI forinterconnecting and then further on to the BIU.DL IN 1/2These are the RF ports where the signal in the DL from the POI is patched intothe FOI for conversion to laser light and further to the RU.TP UL/DLThese are test ports that can be used to check the signal levels or noise in theDAS- system.Single mode fiberAngled connectorsOptical loss < 15 dBoEvery time a fiber is disconnected and re-connected care should be taken to avoid dust to settle onthe connector or in the receptacle. Clean with a dry fiber cleaning tool before reconnecting the fiberat all times. A single speck of dust can impact the transmission severely. Do not touch the fiber endswith your fingers. That will leave grease on the connectors and may cause severe problems.Functional descriptionThe output power of the laser is calibrated and tuned to 3 000 µW.The FOI is powered from the rack backplane and communicates with Ethernet with the othermodules in the Master Unit.The unit contains adjustable attenuators.This interface is designed to work with SC-APC connectors (7° angledphysical connector) and single mode fibers only. All connectors betweenthe master unit and the remote unit should be of angled type, otherwiseproblems with reflections will arise which may cause severe problems inthe DAS- system.Ports of the FOIThere are also two LED´s on the unit which can be used for visual check of the current status of theFOI. Green led for operation status and the red one for current alarm status.
DELTANODE USER MANUAL©DeltaNode Solutions 201512Revision 15-013.4 Remote UnitThere are many different kinds of remote units with a wide range of gain and output power to caterto many different needs. A low and medium power unit can house up to 4 different frequency bandsin one unit, the high power versions can handle up to 2 different bands in one single unit.Chassis typesRUs comes in mainly two different chassis, a single compact chassis for 1-2bands and a dual chassis for up to 4 bands. This is how they can beconfigured:Chassis typeLowMediumHighSingle chassis1-21-21-2Dual chassis3-43-43-4Table 1: Chassis typesIt is also possible to have combinations of theabove. For example it is possible to build a dualchassis with 2 medium power bands and 1 highpower band in the same remote. Each side of adual chassis is virtually identical to a single chassisremote unit. This ensures unparalleled flexibilitywhen building multiple operator / multiple bandsolutions.A dual chassis may have 1-2 optical remote units(FOR). This way they can be fed from differentdirections for redundancy.Remotes can also be daisy-chained by way of RF cables, meaning up to twochassis can share the same fiber-optical interface providing up to 8 bands in asingle location. Variants are available upon request.Commonly for all Remote Units is their excellent noise figure, contributing toan overall noise figure for the whole system from remote to head-end intothe base station of < 3 dB for the RF link.Both chassis complies with IP65 protection for use in any environment. The coating is a durablecoating which eases the convection cooling. No fans are used for the DeltaNode Remote Units. Bothchassis are available both with wall and pole mounting kits as requested.External Antenna´s that are most commonly used in combination with DDS Remote Unit family foroutdoor environment are 17 dBi gain antennas. Antenna used for MPE radiation calculation is a 17dBi antenna.Most commonly used manufacturers antennas in combination with DeltaNode DAS systems to ourknowledge are Cellmax, Kathrein and Amphenol antennas, and we believe that these manufacturersholds best RF quality and performance.Figure 4: Single chassis remoteFigure 3: Dual chassis remote
DELTANODE USER MANUAL©DeltaNode Solutions 201513Revision 15-01

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