Digi WDNU Wireless tracker installed in plane User Manual WDNU Users Manual Outline

Digi International Inc Wireless tracker installed in plane WDNU Users Manual Outline

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WDNU User Manual

User/Installation Manual

Users Manual Wireless Data Networking Unit Prepared By: Spectrum Design Solutions Subsidiary of Digi International 11001 Bren Road E Minnetonka, MN 55343 SDRL C005 Document Revision: H Document Number 90001271

WDNU Users Manual Page 2 Document Number 90001271 Revision History REV DESCRIPTION DATE 1 Original 3/7/2011 2 A B C D E Updates from peer review, LOT 03302011 Release Add Digi Document Number Added FCC notes Fixed Typos Added Regulatory Information and Cert section 4/8/2011 6/29/2011 9/20/2011 6/4/2012 6/18/2012 6/20/2012 F G H Updated Regulatory Information Added supported Wi-Fi channels Revised Regulatory Information and Cert section 7/3/2012 7/24/2012 7/25/2012 Table of Contents 1. Regulatory Information and Certifications .............................................................................. 4 1.1 Antenna Related User Notification .................................................................................. 4 WiFi Connection J2 .................................................................................................................. 4 List of Supported WiFi Channels .......................................................................................................... 5 GSM Connection J3 .................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Radio Frequency radiation exposure Information: .......................................................... 6 1.3 Unauthorized Product Changes ....................................................................................... 6 2. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................... 7

WDNU Users Manual Page 3 Document Number 90001271 3. Reference Documents ............................................................................................................. 8 4. WDNU Overview ...................................................................................................................... 8 4.1 General Description.......................................................................................................... 8 4.2 Physical Description ......................................................................................................... 9 4.3 WDNU Interfaces .............................................................................................................. 9 4.3.1 Radio Power On Discrete ........................................................................................ 11 4.3.2 Radio Power Off Discrete ........................................................................................ 11 4.3.3 Ethernet Interface ................................................................................................... 11 4.3.4 RS-232 Interface ...................................................................................................... 11 4.3.5 RS-422 Interface ...................................................................................................... 11 4.4 WDNU RF Interfaces ....................................................................................................... 12 4.4.1 WiFi Connection J2 .................................................................................................. 12 4.4.2 GSM Connection J3 ................................................................................................. 12 5. WDNU Functional Description ............................................................................................... 13 5.1 Network Interfaces ......................................................................................................... 13 5.1.1 Ethernet .................................................................................................................. 13 5.1.2 Wi-Fi ........................................................................................................................ 13 5.1.3 Cellular .................................................................................................................... 14 5.2 Services ........................................................................................................................... 14 5.2.1 Command-Line Interface ........................................................................................ 15 5.2.2 Command Handler Interface Protocol .................................................................... 15 5.2.3 Web User Interface ................................................................................................. 15 5.3 Customization................................................................................................................. 16 5.3.1 Factory Defaults ...................................................................................................... 16

WDNU Users Manual Page 4 Document Number 90001271 5.3.2 Configuration File .................................................................................................... 16 5.3.3 Stylesheet ................................................................................................................ 16 5.4 Python ............................................................................................................................ 17 5.5 Startup Sequence ........................................................................................................... 17 6. Detailed WDNU-specific description ..................................................................................... 17 6.1 CHIP ................................................................................................................................ 17 6.1.1 CHIP Commands ...................................................................................................... 17 6.1.2 Python and CHIP ..................................................................................................... 18 6.2 LRU update procedure ................................................................................................... 19 1. Regulatory Information and Certifications 1.1 Antenna Related User Notification Under Industry Canada regulations, this radio transmitter may only operate using an antenna of a type and maximum (or lesser) gain approved for the transmitter by Industry Canada. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that necessary for successful communication. Conformément à la réglementation d'Industrie Canada, le présent émetteur radio peut fonctionner avec une antenne d'un type et d'un gain maximal (ou inférieur) approuvé pour l'émetteur par Industrie Canada. Dans le but de réduire les risques de brouillage radioélectrique à l'intention des autres utilisateurs, il faut choisir le type d'antenne et son gain de sorte que la puissance isotrope rayonnée équivalente (p.i.r.e.) ne dépasse pas l'intensité nécessaire à l'établissement d'une communication satisfaisante. WiFi Connection J2 Antenna Type Band Gain (Average) Titanis 2.4GHz B4844 2.4-2.5GHz -1.0dBi Note: Only this antenna or those with the same specification may be used with the WiFi connection.

WDNU Users Manual Page 5 Document Number 90001271 The following table lists the supported Wi-Fi channels of the WDNU. Channel Lower Frequency Center Frequency Upper Frequency 1 2.401 2.412 2.423 2 2.406 2.417 2.428 3 2.411 2.422 2.433 4 2.416 2.427 2.438 5 2.421 2.432 2.443 6 2.426 2.437 2.448 7 2.431 2.442 2.453 8 2.436 2.447 2.458 9 2.441 2.452 2.463 10 2.451 2.457 2.468 11 2.451 2.462 2.473 GSM Connection J3 Antenna Type Bands Gain (Average) Cellular 850MHz 1900MHz 2dBi 3dBi Note: Only this antenna or those with the same specification may be used with the Cellular connection. The device contains Cinterion’s HC25 (FCC ID: QIPHC25) and the module grants allows an antenna with these specifications. This radio transmitter has been approved by Industry Canada to operate with the antenna types listed in the table above with the maximum permissible gain and required antenna impedance for each antenna type indicated. Antenna types not included in this list, having a gain greater than the maximum gain indicated for that type, are strictly prohibited for use with this device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms.

WDNU Users Manual Page 6 Document Number 90001271 Le présent émetteur radio a été approuvé par Industrie Canada pour fonctionner avec les types d'antenne énumérés ci-dessous et ayant un gain admissible maximal et l'impédance requise pour chaque type d'antenne. Les types d'antenne non inclus dans cette liste, ou dont le gain est supérieur au gain maximal indiqué, sont strictement interdits pour l'exploitation de l'émetteur. FCC/IC notes regarding Radio Interference This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules and with license-exempt RSS standard(s) of Industry Canada. Operation is subject to the following two conditions : (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. Cet appareil se plie à la Partie 15 des Règles de FCC et exemptes de licence RSS norme(s) d'Industrie Canada. L'opération est soumise aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) cet artifice peut ne pas provoquer l'interférence malfaisante et (2) cet appareil doit accepter n'importe quelle interférence reçue, en incluant l'interférence qui peut provoquer l'opération indésirable de l'appareil. 1.2 Radio Frequency radiation exposure Information: This equipment complies with FCC and IC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment when installed and operated so that a minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator and the body of persons is maintained Cet équipement est conforme à la radioexposition de la FCC établies pour un environnement non contrôlé lorsqu'il est installé et exploité de telle sorte qu'une distance minimale de 20 cm entre le radiateur et le corps de personnes est maintenue 1.3 Unauthorized Product Changes Changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly approved by Digi may void the user's authority to operate this equipment. Tout changement ou modification apportés à ce dispositif n'étant pas expressément approuvés par Digi peut priver l'utilisateur de mettre en œuvre cet équipement.

WDNU Users Manual Page 7 Document Number 90001271 2. Introduction This document is the user manual for the Wireless Data Network Unit (WDNU). It assumes the reader has some general knowledge of the product, which can be gained from other documents. The goal of this document is to describe the various ways to interact with and use the WDNU. 2.1 Abbreviations and Acronyms The following abbreviations and acronyms used in this document are defined below. AES Advanced Encryption Standard AHTMS Aircraft Health and Trend Monitoring System AHTMU Aircraft Health and Trend Monitoring Unit APN Access Point Name BIT Built In Test CHIP Command Handler Interface Protocol CLI Command Line Interface DES Data Encryption Standard DHCP Dynamic Host Control Protocol GE General Electric GSM Global System for Mobile HSPA High Speed Packet Access IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IP Internet Protocol ISAKMP Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol LRU Line Replaceable Unit MAC Media Access Control Mbps Mega bits per second PBIT Power on Built In Test PC Personal Computer POST Power On Self Test PTCRB PCS Type Certification Review Board SDRL Subcontractor Data Requirements List SIM Subscriber Identity Module UI User Interface WEP Wired Equivalency Privacy WDNU Wireless Data Networking Unit Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity (IEEE 802.11) WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access

WDNU Users Manual Page 8 Document Number 90001271 3. Reference Documents The following documents are referenced by this manual. Ref. Document Number Document Title Revision 1 P4618-4 Technical Requirements Specification for the Wireless Data Networking Unit 3 May 2010 2 YV2818 Command Handler Interface Protocol Specification for the Wireless Data Network Unit 13 Oct 2010 3 96003702 Interface Control Drawing, Wireless Data Network Unit B 4 SDRL E005 BIT Description B 5 LB-D003 WDNU Hardware Specification Document A 6 SDRL C001 WDNU Mechanical and Electrical Interface Control Document A1 4. WDNU Overview 4.1 General Description The WDNU (radio) provides the wireless bridge between the Aircraft Health and Trend Monitoring Unit (AHTMU) or the “host” and access points while the aircraft is on the ground. Operation of the radio occurs when the ATHMU provides power and requests connection via either Wi-Fi or GSM. Physically, the subsystem is comprised of a small WDNU LRU that connects to a Wi-Fi and GSM antenna providing optimized Wi-Fi and GSM connectivity and range. 28 Vdc power is supplied to the WNDU LRU by the aircraft power system. A control signal is provided by the host system for the WNDU LRU to energize itself. The WNDU LRU will provide an Ethernet interface direct to the host LRU. The host LRU will transmit and receive data in standard Ethernet packets to and from the WNDU LRU. The WDNU supports VPN connections over the Wi-Fi and GSM interfaces to provide data security.

WDNU Users Manual Page 9 Document Number 90001271 4.2 Physical Description The physical configuration of the WDNU is described by drawing 96003702, part of which is reproduced in Figure 1 below. Figure 1 WDNU Top, Bottom and Side Views 4.3 WDNU Interfaces The WDNU interfaces to the AHTMU through the electrical signals listed below. All connections are through the main host connector J1. The pinout description for the main host to board connection interface is reproduced from SDRL C001 in Figure 2 below.

WDNU Users Manual Page 10 Document Number 90001271 Figure 2 Main host to board connection pinout PIN ID 12345678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20Amphenol ConnectorChassis Ground28 VDC Popwer In 128 VDC Popwer In 228 VDC Popwer Return 128 VDC Popwer Return 2Reserved 1Reserved 2Reserved 3Reserved 4Reserved 5Reserved 6Reserved 7Reserved 8Reserved 9Reserved 10Reserved 11Reserved 12Reserved 13Reserved 14Reserved 1521 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38Amphenol ConnectorReserved 16Reserved 17Power On Discrete InPower On Discrete OutShield/GroundReserved 20Reserved 18Reserved 19RS-232 In RS-232 OutRS-232 CommonNot ConnectedRS-422 Rx-(+)RS-422 Rx-(-)RS-422 Tx-(+)RS-422 Tx-(-)RS-422 CommonNot Connected1-Q 2-Q 3-Q 4-QCenter QuadraxEthernet RX-(+)Ethernet TX-(-)Ethernet RX-(-)Ethernet TX-(+)

WDNU Users Manual Page 11 Document Number 90001271 The connector J1 is an Amphenol part number TV00RQF-17-2-P. The mating connector is Amphenol part number TV06RQF-17-2S. 4.3.1 Radio Power On Discrete The radio power on signal is an Open/Ground discrete output from the Aircraft Health and Trend Monitoring System used to turn the WDNU on or off. When asserted (grounded), power to the WDNU is applied and the system is on. When de-asserted (open), the WDNU is off. 4.3.2 Radio Power Off Discrete The radio power off signal is a 28VDC/Open discrete output from the WDNU to indicate whether the WDNU is on or off. When the AHTMU turns the WDNU on with the radio power on discrete, the radio power off discrete will be open to signal that the WDNU is on. When the WDNU is off this signal will be pulled up to the aircraft supply voltage (28VDC nominal). 4.3.3 Ethernet Interface The WDNU provides one Ethernet interface for communications with the AHTMU. The Ethernet channels will support the IEEE-STD-802.3 10/100 Ethernet protocol with auto-negotiation. The cable configuration specified is a crossover connection. 4.3.4 RS-232 Interface A RS-232 serial communication interface has been included through the main connector to the AHTMU. The settings for the RS-232 interface are shown in Figure 3. Baud rate 115200 Number of data bits 8 Parity None Number of stop bits 1 Flow control None Figure 3 RS-232 port settings 4.3.5 RS-422 Interface A RS-422 serial communication interface has been included through the main connector to the AHTMU. The hardware interface has been designed and implemented on the WDNU, but this interface is not supported by the current version of the operating system.

WDNU Users Manual Page 12 Document Number 90001271 4.4 WDNU RF Interfaces The WDNU has two external coaxial connections for the GSM and WiFi transceivers. The two transmitters (WLAN/Cellular) cannot transmit at the same time. The unit has software control to disable one transmitter when the other when is on. 4.4.1 WiFi Connection J2 Amphenol TNC connector – 031-2318 Antenna Type Band Gain (Average) Titanis 2.4GHz B4844 2.4-2.5GHz -1.0dBi Note: Only this antenna or those with the same specification may be used with the WiFi connection. 4.4.2 GSM Connection J3 Amphenol SMA bulkhead connector – 901-9610 Antenna Type Bands Gain (Average) Cellular 850MHz 1900MHz 2dBi 3dBi Note: Only this antenna or those with the same specification may be used with the Cellular connection. The device contains Cinterion’s HC25 (FCC ID: AIPHC25) and the module grants allows an antenna with these specifications.

WDNU Users Manual Page 13 Document Number 90001271 5. WDNU Functional Description The WDNU is a gateway product which runs a server that allows the Aircraft Health and Trend Monitoring Unit (AHTMU) to connect to a remote server over a secure connection. This section describes some of the features of the WDNU, which are illustrated in the following figure. CLI CHIP Web UIEthernet Wi-Fi CellularPython Figure 4 Major functional components 5.1 Network Interfaces The WDNU has Ethernet, Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g) and cellular (GSM 3G) network interfaces. 5.1.1 Ethernet The Ethernet interface is configured with a static IP address of 192.168.114.1. Three main services are provided on the Ethernet interface. These services are the Command-Line Interface (CLI), the Command Handler Interface Protocol (CHIP), and the web user interface (web UI). The general use case for the Ethernet port is the AHTMU communicates with the WDNU using CHIP. 5.1.2 Wi-Fi The Wi-Fi interface supports the same three services as the Ethernet, which are the CLI, CHIP and web UI services. The Wi-Fi interface is not enabled by default, but can be configured with any of the available services on the Ethernet interface. For example, it can be configured to connect to an open wireless network called TEST with the following CLI command: #> set wlan channel=0 ssid=TEST authentication=open encryption=open

WDNU Users Manual Page 14 Document Number 90001271 5.1.3 Cellular The GSM cellular interface does not support the three services that are supported on the Ethernet and Wi-Fi interfaces. It is used by the AHTMU to connect to a remote server when there are not any Wi-Fi access points available or when the operator defines it as the primary communication links. The WDNU contains two SIM card slots which are populated with an AT&T SIM and a Vodaphone SIM. The cellular interface can be configured via the CLI, CHIP or the web UI services using either the Ethernet or Wi-Fi interfaces. For example, Figure 5 illustrates the configuration of the cellular connection using the web UI. Figure 5 Mobile configuration 5.2 Services This section describes the services that are available on some of the network interfaces. To access these interfaces an example of a basic test configuration setup is detailed below in figure 4.2-1 Equipment Needed: 1. WDNU board loaded with pre-installed SIM cards. 2. GSM antenna (see section 4.4 for antenna) 3. Wi-Fi antenna (see section 4.4 for antenna) 4. 2 DC power supplies 5. Mating cable for WDNU 6. Windows XP 32bit PC.

WDNU Users Manual Page 15 Document Number 90001271 Connection Diagram: Figure 4.2-1 – Example test configuration setup. 5.2.1 Command-Line Interface The command-line interface provides commands for interacting with the WDNU. In addition to the network interfaces, it is also available on the RS-232 serial interface. To use the commands you must first access the WDNU using the Telnet protocol. For example, this can be done on a Windows machine by opening a command prompt and entering telnet <WDNU IP address>. The commands and their options are described in detail in the Command Reference guide for the Digi Connect Family. Currently, the latest revision is available here: http://ftp1.digi.com/support/documentation/90000566_H.pdf. One of the key features available in the CLI is the ability to update the WDNU firmware. Refer to section 6.2 for more information. 5.2.2 Command Handler Interface Protocol CHIP provides many of the same configuration and status commands that are available through the command-line interface, but in a better defined and more consistent format. The available commands in CHIP are defined in the Command Handler Interface Protocol Specification for the Wireless Data Network Unit (YV2818). The CHIP service is available on UDP port 49000. 5.2.3 Web User Interface The WDNU provides a collection of web pages for interacting with the WDNU. Much of the information available on the web pages is also available through the CLI and CHIP services. The WDNU web UI is available via HTTP on port 80 and can be accessed by a modern web browser like Internet Explorer, Firefox or Chrome. Figure 6 shows the home page for the web UI, and the sidebar shows many of the other available web pages. Help is available on each page by clicking the Help link in the upper right hand corner.

WDNU Users Manual Page 17 Document Number 90001271 5.4 Python The WDNU can be customized using the Python programming language. The Python interpreter can be invoked from the CLI with the python command. A Python application was developed for the WDNU to support the CHIP service. Python applications and other files can be loaded and viewed using the Applications->Python page in the web UI. Much more information about Python on Digi products is available on the web at http://www.digi.com/wiki/developer/index.php/Python_Wiki. 5.5 Startup Sequence During boot the WDNU runs Power On Self Test (POST). This tests RAM, flash, and the validity of the firmware image. It also runs BIT, where it tests the physical and logical connections to the Wi-Fi and cellular interfaces and both SIM cards. BIT is described further in SDRL E005. The results of the BIT test can be retrieved with the Transmit BIT Results CHIP command. Once booted, the Wi-Fi transceiver is off, the cellular radio is on and the CHIP server application is running. The WDNU uses the factory default settings on every boot, which is described more in section 5.3. 6. Detailed WDNU-specific description 6.1 CHIP CHIP stands for the Command-Handler Interface Protocol. It was developed by GE for use on a communication network between a client and server. It defines the protocol used for communication between the host (such as the AHTMU) and the WDNU. It is defined in document YV2818. 6.1.1 CHIP Commands CHIP contains a number of commands that can be used by the AHTMU to configure the WDNU, get BIT status, and setup a VPN. 6.1.1.1 Generic Command One of the commands is the generic command. This command can be used to execute a standard Digi CLI command over the CHIP protocol. The command can be up to 1020 characters long and the response is the same as if the command had been executed directly on the command line, including blank lines and newline characters. The maximum size of the response data is 1022 characters and the response will be truncated to 1022 characters if necessary. 6.1.1.2 Transmit BIT Status This command reports on the BIT status of the Wi-Fi and cellular interfaces. Note that this command switches the active SIM card. 6.1.1.3 Configure Wi-Fi The WiFi radio can be configured by enabling the interface with the WiFi Interface Control command, and then configuring the interface with the Set WiFi Mode and Set WiFi Tx Power commands.

WDNU Users Manual Page 18 Document Number 90001271 6.1.1.4 Configure GSM The GSM radio can be configured by enabling the interface with the GSM Interface Control command, and then configuring it with the Set Active SIM Card command. 6.1.1.5 Configure VPN The VPN can be set up by executing this CHIP command sequence: 1. Set Global VPN Mode 2. Set VPN Tunnel Options 3. Set VPN Phase 1 Proposal Options 4. Set VPN Phase 2 Proposal Options 5. Set VPN Interface ID. 6.1.2 Python and CHIP The Python application implements the CHIP interface on the WDNU. This means the Python application is responsible for accepting CHIP command messages, translating the commands to the native format, executing the commands, and sending back the responses in CHIP ACK or data messages. 6.1.2.1 Python application The Python application consists of three files: app.py, wdnuapp.zip and python.zip. The CHIP handling is all in app.py. It basically consists of a CHIP server and a CHIP request handler. The CHIP server listens for a CHIP client on UDP port 49000. When a UDP message is received, the server creates a thread to execute the CHIP request handler. The CHIP request handler does general validation of the request message, and then executes the appropriate CHIP command handler routine. Wdnuapp.zip contains support libraries for running the app. Python.zip is the standard Digi python.zip that contains only standard Python libraries which are used for running the app. 6.1.2.2 Logging The Python application logs debugging information to the applogX.txt files. The files are limited in size to 32KB each, and to a total number of 6 files. The active log file is always applog.txt. When this file reaches 32KB, the oldest log file is removed, applog4.txt is renamed to applog5.txt, applog3.txt is renamed to applog4.txt, etc… and a new applog.txt file is created. The application logs information in memory about CHIP commands it receives, but the log messages are only written to the log files when an error message is logged. This prevents unnecessary wear on the flash when there are no errors. An example of the log messages is shown below.

WDNU Users Manual Page 19 Document Number 90001271 6.2 LRU update procedure The WDNU BOOT, POST and EOS firmware can be updated using the CLI or the web UI, but only on the Ethernet interface. To update using the CLI, telnet to the WDNU and execute the boot command with the load option, with host set to the address of a TFTP server accessible from the WDNU, and filename set to the firmware update file. For example, if the TFTP server is at 10.35.1.50 and the firmware image filename is 82002543, it can be loaded onto the WDNU with the following CLI command: #> boot load 10.35.1.50:82002543 2010-07-09 13:19:17|======================================================== 2010-07-09 13:19:17| Message 20: Executing message handler 2010-07-09 13:19:17| Message 20: 01 13 00 04 2010-07-09 13:19:17| Message 20: sequence number = 19 2010-07-09 13:19:17| Message 20: length = 4 2010-07-09 13:19:17| Message 20: message code = 1 (Command) 2010-07-09 13:19:17| Message 20: command = 0x0004 (Transmit Server Status) 2010-07-09 13:19:17| Message 20: long command valid = 0x010a (Report WiFi Information and Statistics) 2010-07-09 13:19:17| Executing short running command handler 2010-07-09 13:19:17| 'Transmit Server Status' handler: Long running command handler still running 2010-07-09 13:19:17| Sending: ACK - status: 'Busy' (5) msg: None 2010-07-09 13:19:17| Short running command handler execution complete