Science Laboratory Technology, National Diploma (ND) 161459 161459e

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ED/STV/2004/PI/15

Science Laboratory Technology
National Diploma (ND)

Curriculum and Course Specifications

NATIONAL BOARD FOR TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Federal Republic of Nigeria

UNESCO – Nigeria Project

2004

Science Laboratory Technology - National Diploma (ND)

Curriculum and Course Specifications
November 2004
NATIONAL BOARD FOR TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Produced by the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE)
Plot B, Bida Road, P.M.B. 2239, Kaduna Nigeria.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
General Information......................................................................................................................................... 2
Curriculum Table ............................................................................................................................................. 6
NDI 1ST Semester............................................................................................................................................ 8
Course: Plant and Animal Taxonomy ....................................................................................................... 8
Course: Morphology and Physiology of Living ..................................................................................... 14
Course: General Principles of Chemistry ............................................................................................... 21
Course: Inorganic Chemistry I ................................................................................................................. 29
Course: Mechanics ................................................................................................................................... 35
Course: Heat Energy................................................................................................................................. 42
Course: Algebra for Science .................................................................................................................... 47
Course: Electronic Logic for Science ..................................................................................................... 50
Course: Technical English ....................................................................................................................... 53
Course: GLT, Module (ii) Safety in the laboratory, and Module (i) Care and maintenance of
laboratory ware and equipment ............................................................................................................... 56
NDI 2ND Semester ......................................................................................................................................... 65
Course: Cell Biology ................................................................................................................................. 65
Course: Organic Chemistry I.................................................................................................................... 72
Course: Physical Chemistry..................................................................................................................... 81
Course: Electricity and Magnetism ......................................................................................................... 89
Course: Optics and Waves....................................................................................................................... 96
Course: Analytical Chemistry ................................................................................................................ 101
Course: GLT, Module (iii) Preparation of Laboratory Side Shelf Reagents, and Module (iv)
Separation Techniques and Sample Management .............................................................................. 109
Course: Computer Packages I ............................................................................................................... 116
NDII 1ST Semester....................................................................................................................................... 122
Course: Microbiology ............................................................................................................................. 122
Course: Pests and Pest Control ............................................................................................................ 126
Course: Pathology .................................................................................................................................. 130
Course: Inorganic Chemistry II .............................................................................................................. 134
Course: Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Quality Control....................................................... 140
Course: Electronics ................................................................................................................................ 146
Course: Thermodynamics & Electromagnetism .................................................................................. 154
Course: Calculus for science................................................................................................................. 162
Course: Computer Packages II .............................................................................................................. 166
NDII 2ND Semester ...................................................................................................................................... 172
Course: Genetics..................................................................................................................................... 172
Course: Ecology...................................................................................................................................... 176
Course: Organic Chemistry II................................................................................................................. 184
Course: Biochemistry ............................................................................................................................. 189
Course: Maintenance and Repair of Science and Electronic Equipment ......................................... 202
Course: GLT, Module (vii) Vacuum Techniques, and Module (viii) Glassblowing ........................... 206
Course: Practical Project and Seminar................................................................................................. 210
Course: Small Business Management I ................................................................................................ 214

General Information
1.0 CERTIFICATION AND TITLE OF THE PROGRAMME:
The certificate to be awarded and the programme title shall read:
"NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY"
A transcript showing all the courses taken and grades obtained shall be issued on demand.
2.0 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The National Diploma Programme in Science and Laboratory Technology is designed to produce technicians
capable of carrying out various laboratory analysis and practical works under the supervision of a
technologist.
Specifically
1. Assist in chemical analysis and quality control in: industry (oil, food, brewing, detergent,
textiles, etc.), hospitals, schools, colleges and research institutions.
2. Assist in physics and electronic laboratories with physical analyses and the maintenance
of instrumentation
3. Assist in biological and biochemical analysis and experiments in hospitals, schools,
colleges and research institutes
4. Prepare students for employment in related work such as sales, marketing, administration
and management in the industries in 1 above and, also, for self employment.

3.0 ENTRY REQUIREMENTS:
National Diploma
The minimum entry requirement into the National Diploma in Science and Laboratory Technology
programme is four Credit level passes in Senior Certificate Examination (SSCE) or National Examination
Council (NECO) in not more than two sittings. The subjects must include the following: Mathematics and any
two of the following: Biology or Agricultural Science, Chemistry and Physics. Entrants must posses at least
credit grades in Biology, Chemistry, Physics and English Language.
Candidates who have successfully completed the Board's recognized Pre-National Diploma (Science and
Technology) course may be admitted into the programme.
4.0 CURRICULUM
4.1 The Curriculum of the ND programme consists of four main components. These are:
a) General Studies/Education
b) Foundation Courses
c) Professional Courses
d) Supervised Industrial Works Experience Scheme (SIWES)

4.2 The General Education component shall include courses in:
Art Humanities - English Language, and Communication. These are compulsory.
Social Studies - Citizenship (the Nigerian Constitution), Entrepreneurship are compulsory.

4.3 The General Education component shall account for not more than 10% of total contact hours for the
programme.
4.4 Foundation Courses include: courses in Economics, Mathematics, Pure Science, Computer
Applications, Technical Drawing, Descriptive Geometry, Statistics, etc. The number of hours will vary with the
programme and may account for about 10-15% of the total contact hours.
4.5.1 Professional Courses: are courses which give the student the theory and practical skills he needs to
practice his field of calling at the technician/technologist level. These may account for between 60 - 70% of
the contact hours depending on programme.
4.5.2 Supervised Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) shall be taken during the long vacation
following the end of the second semester of the first year. See details of SIWES at Paragraph 9.0
5.0 CURRICULUM STRUCTURE
5.1 ND Programme:
The structure of the ND programme consists of four semesters of classroom, laboratory and workshop
activities in the college and a semester (3-4 months) of Supervised Industrial Work Experience Scheme
(SIWES). Each semester shall be of 17 weeks duration made up as follows:
15 contact weeks of teaching, i.e. lecture recitation and practical exercises, etc and 2 weeks
for tests, quizzes, examinations and registration.

SIWES shall take place at the end of the second semester of the first year.
6.0 ACCREDITATION
The programme offered shall be accredited by the NBTE before the diplomats shall be awarded the diploma
certificate. Details about the process of accrediting a programme for the award of the ND or HND are
available from the Executive Secretary Programmes Department, National Board for Technical Education,
Plot 'B' Bida Road, P.M.B 2239, Kaduna, Nigeria.
7.0 CONDITION FOR THE AWARD OF THE ND
Institution offering accredited programmes will award the National Diploma to candidates who successfully
complete the programme after passing prescribed course work, examinations, diploma project and the
supervised industrial work experience. Such candidates should have completed a minimum of between
semester 90 and 100% credit units depending on the programme. Diploma Certificate shall be awarded
based on the following classifications: - 90 and 100.
Distinction CGPA3.50 - 4.0
Upper Credit CGPA3.00 - 3.49
Lower Credit CGPA2.50 - 2.99
Pass CGPA2.00 - 2.49

8.0 GUIDANCE NOTES FOR TEACHERS TEACHING THE PROGRAMME
The new curriculum is drawn in unit courses. This is in keeping the provisions of the provisions of the
National Policy on Education which stress the need to introduce the semester credit units which enable a
student who to transfer the already completed in an institution of similar standard from which he is
transferring.
8.1 In designing the units, the principle of the modular system has been adopted; thus making each of the
professional modules, when completed self-sufficient and providing the student with technical operative
skills, which can be used for employment purposes.
8.2 As the success of the credit units system depends on the articulation of programmes between the
institutions and industry, the curriculum content has been written in terms of behavioural objectives, so that it
is clear to all, the expected performance of the students who successfully completed some of the courses or
the diplomats of the programme is clearly defined. There is a slight departure in the presentation of the
performance based curriculum which requires the conditions under which the performance are expected to
be carried out and the criteria for the acceptable levels of performance. It is a deliberate attempt to further
involve the staff of the department teaching the programme to write their own curriculum stating the
conditions existing in their institution under which the performance can take place and to follow that with the
criteria for determining an acceptable level of performance. Departmental submission on the final curriculum
may be vetted by the Academic Board of the institution. Our aim is to continue to see to it that a solid internal
evaluation system exits in each institution for ensuring minimum standard and quality of education in the
programmes offered thought the polytechnic system.
8.3 The teaching of the theory and practical work should, as possible, be integrated. Practical exercise,
especially those in professional courses and laboratory work should not be taught in isolation from the
theory. For each course, there should be a balance of theory to practice depending on the course objectives
and content.
9.0 GUIDELINES ON SIWES PROGRAMME
For the smooth operation of the SIWES the following guidelines shall apply:
9.1 Responsibility for Placement of Students
th

(i) Institutions offering the ND Programme shall arrange to place the students in industry. By April 30 of
each year, six copies of the master list showing where each student has been placed shall be submitted to
the Executive Secretary NBTE which shall, in turn, authenticate the list and forward it to be the Industrial
Training Fund.
(ii) The Placement Officer should discuss and agree with industry on the following:
(a) a task inventory of what the students should be expected to experience during the period
of attachment. It may be wise to adopt the one already approved for each field.
(b) the industry-based supervisor of the students during the period, likewise the institutionbased supervisor.
(c) The evaluation of the student during the period. It should be noted that the final grading
of the student during the period of attachment should be weighted more on the evaluation by
his industry-based supervisor.

9.2 Evaluation of Students During the SIWES
In the evaluation of the student, cognizance should be taken of the following items:
i) Punctuality
ii) Attention

General Attitude to Work
Respect for Authority
Interest in the field/Technical area
Technical competence as a potential technician in his field.
9.3 Grading of SIWES
To ensure uniformity of grading scales, the institution shall ensure that the uniform grading of student's work
which has been agreed to by all polytechnics is adopted.
9.4 The Institution Based Supervisor
The institution-based supervisor should sign the log book during each visit. This enable him to check and
determine to what extent the objectives of the scheme are being met and to assist students having any
problems regarding the specific assignments given to them by their industry-based supervisor.
9.5 Frequency of Visit
Institution should ensure that students placed on attachment are visited within one month of their placement.
Other visits shall be arranged so that:
i) there is another visit six weeks after the first visit; and
ii) a final visit in the last month of the attachment.

9.6 Stipend for Students on SIWES
The rate of stipend payable shall be determined from time to time by the Federal Government after due
consultation with the Federal Ministry of Education, the Industrial Training fund and the NBTE.
9.7 SIWES as a Component of the Curriculum
The completion of SIWES is important in the final determination of whether the student is successful in the
programme or not. Failure in the SIWES is an indication that the student has not shown sufficient interest in
the field or has no potential to become a skilled technician in his field. The SIWES should be graded on a fail
or pass basis. Where a student has satisfied all other requirements but failed SIWES, he may only be
allowed to repeat another four months SIWES at his own expense.

Curriculum Table
ST

NDI 1
S/No Course
Code
STB 111
STB 112
STC 111
STC 112
STP 111
STP 112
STP 113
STP 114
STC 113
GLT111

Course Title

Contact
Hours
Plant and Animal Taxonomy
75
Morphology and Physiology of Living Things
60
General Principles of Chemistry
75
Inorganic Chemistry I
60
Mechanics
75
Heat Energy
60
Algebra for Science
30
Electronic Logic for Science
30
Technical English
30
General Laboratory Techniques (ii) Safety in the 30
laboratory, and (i) Care and maintenance of
laboratory ware and equip.
Total
525
ND

NDI 2

S/No Course
Code
STB 121
STC 121
STC 122
STP 121
STP 122
STC 123
GLT 121

SEMESTER
L P CH
week
2 3 5
1 3 4
2 3 5
1 3 4
2 3 5
1 3 4
1 1 2
1 1 2
1 1 2
1 1 2

Units Prerequisite
CU
5
4
5
4
5
4
2
2
2
2

13 22 35

L P CH
week
2 3 5
2 3 5
2 3 5
2 3 5
1 2 3
2 3 5
1 1 2

Units Prerequisite
CU
5
5
5
5
3
5
2

1 3 4
13 21 34

4
34

SEMESTER

Course Title

Contact
Hours
Cell Biology
75
Organic Chemistry I
75
Physical Chemistry
75
Electricity and Magnestism
75
Optics and Waves
45
Analytical Chemistry
75
General Laboratory Techniques (iii) Preparation 30
of Laboratory Side Shelf Reagents, and (iv)
Separation Techniques and Sample
Management
COM 123 Computer Packages I
75
Total
525

NDII 1 SEMESTER

S/No Course
Code
STM 211
STB 211
STB 212
STC 211
STC 212
STP 211
STP 212
*STS 211
STP 213
COM 215

Course Title
Microbiology
Pest and Pests Control
Pathology
Inorganic Chemistry II
Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and
Quality Control
Electronics
Thermodynamics & Electromagnetism
*Citizenship Education and Use of Library
Calculus for Science
Computer Packages II
Total

Contact
Hours
60
45
45
45
75

L P CH
week
1 3 4
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
2 3 5

Units
CU
4
3
3
3
5

60
45
30
30
90
525

1
1
1
1
1
11

4
3
2
2
5
34

3
2
1
1
4
23

4
3
2
2
5
34

Prerequisite

*STS 211 Citizenship and use of Library is taken from GNS 201 Communication Skills

NDII 2

SEMESTER

S/No Course
Code
STB 221
STB 222
STC 221
STC 222
STP 221

Course Title

Genetics
Ecology
Organic Chemistry II
Biochemistry
Maintenance and Repairs of Scientific and
Electronic Equipment
GLT 222 General Laboratory Techniques Module (vii)
Vacuum Techniques and Module (viii)
Glassblowing
STS 221 Practical Project and Seminar
STA 225 Small Business Management I

Contact
Hours
60
75
75
75
60

L P CH
week
1 2 3
2 3 5
2 3 5
2 3 5
1 3 4

Units
CU
3
5
5
5
4

1 1 2
2

2
2

135
30
525

1 7 8
1 1 2
11 24 34

8
2
34

Prerequisite

NDI 1ST Semester
Course: Plant and Animal Taxonomy
Department/Programme: National Diploma
Course: Plant and Animal Taxonomy
Year: Semester:

Course Code: STB 111
Pre-requisite:

Credit Hours:
Theoretical:
Practical:

hours/week 2
hours /week 3

General Objectives
1. Know the general classification of the plant kingdom
2. Know the diagnostic features of the thallophytes (algae and fungi)
3. Know the distinguishing characteristics of the embryophyta (bryophytes, pterielophytes, spermatophytes)
4. Know the classification, identification and preservation of common flowering plants
5. Know the general classification of the animal kingdom
6. Know the diagnostic features of the following phyla: protozoa, plahelminthes coelenterata, nematoda, annelids, arthropoda
7. Know the distinguished characteristics and identify the major classes of vertebrates (pisces, amphibia, reptila, mammalia)
8. Know the preservation methods of common vertebrates and invertebrates

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities Resources
Week/s
activities
General Objective 1.0: Know the General Classification of Plant Kingdom
Microscopes
Give lectures
Blackboard Identify the major groups of the plant Helping students to
Plant Classification
Hand held lens
identify
kingdom viz:- Phycophyoralgue;
1.1 Explain the principles of plant
Plant specimens
Algae
mycophytafungi; bryophyta;
classification.
Phycophyta
tracheophyta; pteridophyta;
1.2 List the major groups of the plant
1
Fungi
mahaphyta.
kingdom viz:- Phycophyoralgue;
Pteridophyta e.t.c.
mycophytafungi; bryophyta;
Supervise practical
tracheophyta; pteridophyta;
examination
mahaphyta.
Examine the external and internal
1.3 Outline the characteristics of each
structures of least two examples from
of the groups in above.
each of the groups listed in 1.2 above
1.4 Explain the following as associated
(using a microscopes of a hand lens
with plant classification: family, jenus,
where necessary.
species.
2
1.5 Explain the binomial system of
nomenclature plants.
Identify the plants examined in 1.2
above using the binomial system of
nomenclature
General Objective 2.0: Know the diagnostic features of the thallophytes (Algae and Fungi)
Magnifying glasses
2.1 Identify the classes of algae
Lecture
Classroom Differentiate between algae and the Supervise practical
3
2.2 Describe the structure of two
resources fungi.
identification of algae microscopes
named examples of common algae.
and fungi.
2.3 Explain the 5 basic classes of fungi
Identify the 5 basic classes of fungi
and how they are distinguished under
by using staining and microscopic
4
the microscope
examination
2.4 Describe the structure of two
named examples of common fungi.
General Objective 3.0: Know the distinguishing characteristics of the embryophyta (bryophytes, pterielophytes, spermatophytes)
Lecture
Differentiate visually between the
Guide students in the Hand held
Explain
3.1 List classes of bryophytes
notes
bryophytes and tracheophytes
lab
magnifying lens
embryophyta and
3.2 Describe the structure of one
Blackboard (ptedidophyte and spermatophytes).
bryophytes and
describe the
named example of bryophyte.
tracheophytes
5
3.3 List the classes of pterodophytes. structure of an
(ptedidophyte and
example of
3.4 Describe the structure of one
spermatophytes
bryophyte and
named examples of a pterdophyte
specimens
3.5 Know the differences between the pteridophyte.

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities
Week/s
activities
two subdivisions of the spermatophyta Lecture on
viz: gymnosperms and angiosperms. spermatophyta and
explain the
3.6 List the classes of the
Gymnosperms and the Angiosperms. structure of one
example of
3.7 Describe the structure of one
gymnosperm and
example each of a gymnosperm and
angiosperm.
an angiosperm.
General Objective 4.0: Know the classification, Identification and Preservation of common flowering plant
Identify the plants with
Introduction of basic Herbarium
4.1 Outline the characteristics of
students.
Technique
common flowering plant families viz:
Display monocotyledonous and
monocotyledonous plants:dicotyledenous plants.
1.
Graminease
e.g.
Grass,
Bamboo
6
2. Palmae e.g. Palms
3. Liliaceae e.g. onions,
Dicotyledenous plants:4. Leguminosae e.g. Crotolaria, cassia
5. Combretaceae e.g. combretum
Identify and distinguish between the
6. Sterculiaceae e.g. cola
common families of flowering plants
7. Malvaceae e.g. Hibiscus
viz:
8. Bombacaceae e.g Bombax
monocotyledonous plants by making
9. Rutaceae e.g. citrus
the specimens available to students:
10. Anacardiaceae e.g. mango;
cashew nuts
11. Maliaceae e.g mahogamy
1. Graminease e.g.
12. Compositae e.g. Tridax
Grass, Bamboo
2. Palmae e.g. Palms
7
3. Liliaceae e.g. onions,
Dicotyledenous
plants:4. Leguminosae e.g.
Crotolaria, cassia
5. Combretaceae e.g
combretum
6. Sterculiaceae e.g.
cola

Resources

Botanical Garden
with the required
specimens
Plant, presses.
Cardboard,
secateurs
herbarium poisons.
Magnifying glass
Weed album and
key for
identification

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

7. Malvaceae e.g.
Hibiscus
8. Bombacaceae e.g.
Bombax
9. Rutaceae e.g.
citrus
10. Anacardiaceae
e.g. mango; cashew
nuts
11.Maliaceae e.g.
mahogamy
12. Compositae e.g.
Tridax
Describe the technique for collecting
and preserving common flora
8

Identify the important species of each
of the families listed above by using the
binomial nomenclature (students
should be encouraged to know local
names of the species whenever
possible)
Collect common flora by applying the
appropriate technique and Classify
appropriately the flora collected
General Objective 5.0: Know the General classification of the animal kingdom
lecture
Classroom Identify the two major groups of
5.1 Outline the characteristics and
resources animal kingdom (Vertebrates and
identify the following phyla
Invertebrates) and describe their
invertebrates:
characteristics
Coelenterata
(coelenterates)
Platylminths
(wematodes)
Annelida (annelids)
Arthropoda
(arthropods)
Molusca (mollusca)

Show animals that fall
into these two groups.
Practical identification
Grade drawing

Laboratory
or museum
Preserved
specimens
Preserved
specimen

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
5.2 Explain the characteristics of the
phylum chordata
5.3 Outline the characteristics of the
following major classes of vertebrates:
11

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Identify the following major classes of
vertebrates:
Pisces (fish)
Amphibia
(Amphibians)
Raptila (Reptiles)
Aves (Birds)
Mammalian
(Mammals)

Pisces (fish)
Amphibia
(Amphibians)
Raptila (Reptiles)
Aves (Birds)
Mammalian
(Mammals)

General Objective 6.0: Know the diagnostic features of the following phyla: Protozoa, Plahelminthes Coelenterata, nematoda, annelids,
arthropoda.
Magnifying glasses
Practical: Illustrate
Classroom 6.3 Identify examples from each
Lecture on
Invertebrate diagnostic features
Preserved
identification of
resources phylum in 6.2. above
invertebrates and
6.1 Classify the invertebrates
6.4 Describe the external structure of collected specimen. specimen
list out their
6.2 List the distinguishing
some common examples from each
characteristics of the following phyla: characteristics
phylum in 6.2 above.
6.5 Identify, draw and label examples
Protozoa
from 6.4 above.
Coelenterata
Phytyhelminthes
Nematodes
Annelida
Arthropoda
Mollusca
General Objective 7.0 Know the distinguishing characteristics and identify the major classes of vertebrates (Pisces, amphibia, reptila,
mammalia)
Preserved
Lectures
Classroom Identify, draw and label examples
Display these
7.1 Describe the external features of
resources from 7.1 above.
preserved vertebrates specimen and tools
some common examples from each of
for practical analysis. for collection.
the phylum Pisces, amphibia, reptila,
Draw and label
mammalia
7.2 Explain the protochorodates as a
Identify the protochorodates as a link examples of
vertebrates
link between invertebrates and
between invertebrates and
Show students the
vertebrates.
vertebrates

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

protochorodates and
point out the features
that form a link
between invertebrates
and vertebrates

General Objective 8.0: Know the Preservation methods of common vertebrates and invertebrates
Conduct field trips
lectures
Classroom Collect, identify and preserve
8.1 Explain Preservation
resources common examples of vertebrates and Demonstrate the
8.2 List the common preservation for
preparation of fixates.
invertebrates.
the vertebrates
8.3 List the common preservative
methods for the invertebrates.
8.4 Enumerate the importance of
preservation.

Assessment:
Coursework/Assignments 10%; Practical 40%; Examination 50 %
Recommended Textbooks & References:
Biology: A Functional Approach, by Michael Roberts, Nelson Thornes (Publishers) Ltd

Fieldwork and
laboratory
Specimen
Bottles and
containers,
components of
various fixates

Course: Morphology and Physiology of Living
Department/ Programme: Science Lab. Technology ND
Course: Morphology and Physiology of Living
Year: Semester:

Course Code: STB 112
Pre-requisite:

Credit Hours:
Theoretical:
Practical:

1 hours/week
3 hours /week

General Objectives
1. Know the morphology, life cycles and economic importance of selected examples of the following divisions (1) Thallopyta including lichens (2)
Bryophta (3) Pteridophyta (4) Spermatophyte (5) Gymnosperms (6) Angiosperms.
2. Know the morphology, life cycles and economic importance of selected examples of the following examples of the following Phyta (1), Protozoa
(2) Coelenterate (3) Pahtyhelminthes (4) Nernatodes (5) Annelida (6) Anthropoda (7) Mollusca.
3. Know the morphology evolutionary relationship and economic importance of selected examples of phylum Chorda Protochordata and Euchordata
(a) Protecttorate (b) Euchordata (1) Pisces (Fishes) (2) Amphibian (3) Reptile (4) Aves Mammalian.
4. Know the morphology and physiology of valves organs and systems in the animal kingdom.

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Practical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Resources
Week/s
Outcomes
General Objective 1.0: Know the morphology, life cycles and economic importance of selected examples of the following divisions (1) Thallopyta
including lichens (2) Bryophta (3) Pteridophyta (4) spermataphyta (Gymnosporms, Augiosporms.
Conduct field trips and Tools for
Lecture
Classroom
Collect samples of each
1.1 Describe the general
Herbarium
guide students in
resources
group in 1.1. to 1.22 above
characteristics, and classification of
collection and
collection and
for classification and
the algae.
camera for
preservation of
preservation and conduct
1.2 Describe the morphology of
snapping rear
collected samples.
practical grades drawing
diatoms, euglena, spirogyra, ferns.
1
specimens.
1.3 Describe the life cycles of the
Magnifying glasses
examples diatoms, euglena,
spiragyra, ferns.
1.4 List and explain the economic
importance of algae.
Continue to collect samples
1.5 Describe the general
of each group in 1.1. to 1.22
characteristics and classification of
above for classification and
fungi.
preservation and conduct
1.6 Describe the structure and life
practical grades drawing
cycle of a saprophytic fungus e.g.
2
mucor and a parasitic fungus
pythium.
1.7 List and explain the economic
importance of fungi
Continue to collect samples
1.8 Describe the structure and
of each group in 1.1. to 1.22
classification of lichens.
above for classification and
1.9 Explain the importance of
preservation and conduct
lichens.
practical grades drawing
1.10 Explain the general
characteristics and classification of
3
bryophyta.
1.11 Describe the morphology and
life cycles of a liverwort e.g.
marchantia and moss e.g. funaria.
1.12 Explain the concept of
alternation of generation in
Bryophyta.
Resources

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities
1.13 Explain the general
characteristics, and classification of
pteridophytes
1.14 Describe the morphology and
life of a club moss e.g. selaginella
and a fern
1.15 Explain alternation of
generation in pteridophyta compare
it with that of the bryophyta.
1.16 Explain the concept of
heterospory as illustrated by
selaginella.
1.17 Explain the adaptive features of
pteriodphytes to plant and its
evolutionary significance
Lecture
1.18 Describe the general
characteristics and classification of
gymnosperms.
1.19 Describe external features and
life cycle of cycis.
1.20 Explain the economic
importance of gymnosperm.
1.21 Describe the general
characteristics and classification of
angiosperms.
1.22 List and describe the range of
types of angiosperms- trees, herbs
and shrubs.
1.23 Explain the adaptations and
economic importance of the
angiosperms.
1.24 Outline the evolutionary
relationship between the division in
1.1 to 1.22 above.

Resources

Practical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Outcomes
Continue to collect samples Conduct field trips
of each group in 1.1. to 1.22
above for classification and Conduct practical
preservation and conduct
grades drawing
practical grades drawing
Compare and contrast the
characteristics of mosses.

Resources
Chart and Visual
aids.
Microscope
Plants
Preservation
materials.
Magnifying glasses

Classroom.

Continue to collect samples
of each group in 1.1. to 1.22
above for classification and
preservation and conduct
practical grades drawing
Identify the morphological
differences between
monocotyledons and
dicotyledoms

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Practical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Resources
Week/s
Outcomes
General Objective 2.0: Know the morphology, life cycles and economic importance of selected examples of the following examples of the
following Phyla (1) Protozoa (2) Coelenterata (3) Platyhelminthes (4) Nematodes (5) Annelida (6) Antropoda (7) Mollvsca
Assist students to carry Laboratory
2.1 List the general characteristics of Demonstrate and describe Video films, Prepare cultures of
monographs protozoan e.g. amoeba,
out labelled drawing.
reagent.
the various life cycles,
the major classes of protozoa.
hydra and examine by using
morphology and economics
2.2 Describe the structure and life
hanging drop method.
cycles of amoeba and paramecium. importance of amoeba,
Salt solutions
2.3 List the economic importance of protozoa, planaria,
schristoma etc.
the protozoa.
Laboratory
2.4 Describe the general
apparatus.
characteristics of the major classes
6
of the phylum coelenterata to
illustrate diploblastic organization.
2.5 Describe the structure and life
cycles of hydra and obelia.
2.6 List the differences between
hydra and obelia.
2.7 List the economics importance of
coelenterates.
Classroom
Identify by using microscope
2.8 List the general characteristics of Describe the general
the differences of the species
characteristics of the
the major classes of the
organism.
playhelminthes.
2.9 Describe the structure and life
cycles of planaria, fasciola and
7
schistosoma.
2.10 Describe the parasitic adaptations
of fasciola and schistosoma.
2.11 List the economic importance of
the phylum, plathyhelminthes.
Lecture
Identify by using microscope
2.12 Describe the general
the differences of the species
characteristics of the major classes
mentioned in 2.1
of the phylum nematoda.
2.13 Describe the structure and life
8
cycles of ascaris, guinea worm.
2.14 Explain the parasitic adaptions
of the phylum, Nematoda.
2.15 List the economic importance of
the phylum, nematoda.
Resources

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Resources

2.16 describe the general
characteristics of the major classes
of the plylum annelida.
2.17 Explain the significance of the
coelom.
2.18 Describe the structure and life
cycles of lumbricus, nereis and
hirodo.
2.19 Explain the importance of the
species in 2.18 above to agriculture.
2.20 Describe the characteristics of
the major classes of the phylum
mollusca.
2.21 Describe the structure and life
cycles of gastropods and bivalves.
2.22 List the economics importance
of mollusca generally.
2.23 Describe the characteristics of
the major classes of the phylum,
arthropoda.
2.24 List the classes of the phylum
Arthropoda.
2.25 List the common orders of the
phylum Arthropda and give
examples e.g. diptera orthoptera,
coleoptera, hemipters, leidoptera
hymenoptera, odonata, isoptera,
dictyoptera and nenroptera.
2.26 List and explain the economic
importance of insects of the phylum
arthropoda.
2.27 List the characteristics and
classify the phylumic chinodermata
into its major classes with some
examples
2.28 Describe the structure and life
cycle of the examples in 2.27 above.

Practical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Outcomes
Identify by using microscope
the differences of the species

Resources

Collect samples of each
group 2.1 to 2.28 for
identification and
classification

Conduct field trips and collect
samples to identify, classify
and preserve.

Magnifying glass,
Microscope
Preservative
materials.
Slow moving
stream, dropping
pipettes petral
dishes.

Draw label sketches.

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Resources

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

2.29 Describe the economic
importance of echinoderms.
2.30 Outline the evolutionary
relationship between the phyla and
within each phylum from 2.1 to 2.28
General Objective 3.0: Know the morphology evolutionary relationship and economic importance of selected examples of phylum chorda
Protochordata and euchordata (a) Protectorate (b) Euchordata (1) Pisces (Fishes) (2) Amphibian (3) Reptile (4) Aves Mammalian.
Examine protochordate e.g. Demonstrations and
Magnifying glass.
3.1 Compare the morphological
amphioxus and identify
drawings.
features of representatives of (a)
different features of
protochordates and (b) euchordates,
Models of the
evolutionary interest.
of the phylum chordata.
Practical examination specimens as
3.2 Relate the features of these
available in the
organisms to their modes of life.
museum.
3.3 Outline the evolutionary
relationship between (a)
protochordates and euchordates and
(b) within the classes of
euchordates.
3.4 List animals of economic
importance in the group
protochordate.
General Objective 4.0: Know the morphology and Physiology of Valves organs and systems in the animal kingdom
Lecture notes Draw and label the various
4.1 Distinguish between morphology Lectures
chalkboard
organs and systems
and physiology
mentioned in 4.2 above.
4.2 Describe the morphology of the
following mammalian organs and
systems; nervous system, circulatory
system, digestive system, excretory
system, regulatory system,
reproductive system.
4.3 Explain the physiological
processes of the organs and
systems in 4.2 above.
4.4 Compare and contrast the
physiological processes as seen in the
different phyla of the animal kingdom.

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities
Practical dissection grade
4.5 Relate the structures of the
various organs in 4.2 above to their drawing
functions.
4.6 Relate the structures of the
various organs in 4.2 above to
evolutionary trends in the animal
kingdom.
4.7 Describe the effects of
environmental factors like oxygen
concentration, temperature,
osmoregulation and pollutions on the
physiology of animals.

Resources
Dissecting
kits.
Noards.

Specific Learning
Outcomes
Dissect and identify the
internal organs of (i) bony
fish (ii) toad/frog, a small
mammal.
Draw and label the
dissections in 4.9 above.

Assessment:
Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Practical 40%; Examination 50 %
Recommended Textbooks & References:
Biology: A Functional Approach, by Michael Roberts, Nelson Thornes (Publishers) Ltd

Practical Content
Teacher's activities
Observe under
microscope and draw.

Resources
Dissention guides
on the various
specimens
available and
dissenting kit..

Course: General Principles of Chemistry
Department/Programme: National Diploma
Course: General Principles of Chemistry Course Code: STC 111 Credit Hours:
Year: Semester:
Pre-requisite:
Theoretical: hours/week 2
Practical:
hours/week 3
General Objectives
1. Understand atoms molecules, composition and structure
2. Understand the arrangement of elements in the periodic table
3. Understand chemical thermodynamics
4. Understand the properties and reactions of acids, bases and salts
5. Understand the fundamental concept of oxidation and reduction reactions
6. Understand surface phenomena and colloidal systems
7. Understand chemical equilibrium

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes
Week/s
activities
General Objective 1: Understand atoms molecules, composition and structure
Blackboard View the visible emission
On completion of this course, the Lectures
Chalk
spectra of several metals in
student should be able to:
Molecular
some of their compounds
models
1.1 Explain the experimental
basis of atomic theory using the
Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom
and many electron atoms.
1.2 Describe atomic spectra
1
particularly the H atom emission
spectrum
1.3 Discuss, qualitatively, the
Energy States of the hydrogen
atom in the Bohr model
1.4 Relate these Energy States to
the observed emission spectra
1.5 Explain the limitations of the
Bohr model
Lectures
Classroom Interpret the mass spectrum of
1.6 Describe the wave-particle
resources
representative elements such
duality of electrons and energy
as Oxygen, Carbon, Chlorine
1.7 State the different main
etc.
energy levels of an atom, namely
K, L, M…
1.8 Correlate the energies of the
electron in the K, L, M, N,…shells
with the values of the principal
quantum no n= 1,2,3,4,……
1.9 Relate the lines of the
2
hydrogen emission spectrum to
electronic energy level.
1.10 State Hund's rule,
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
Pauli exclusion principle.
1.11 Explain 1.10 above in
relation to the concept of orbitals
including subsidiary energy levels
(s,p,d,f orbitals).

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources
activities
Guide and
supervise lab
technicians,
technologists and
students

direct vision spectroscope
Bunsen burner, nichrome wire
fixed to a cork handle, concHCl,
solid chlorides of : barium,
calcium, potassium, sodium and
strontium
beakers and watch glasses

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
1.12 Explain the significance e of
the four quantum numbers
2.1 Describe the shapes of s and
p orbitals.
1.13 Sketch the s and p orbitals.
1.14 Describe the determination Lecture
of relative atomic and molecular
masses.
1.15 Explain isotopes and their
use Describe the use of mass
3
spectrometer as a means of
proving the existence of isotopes.
1.16 Define the following:: (i)
Atomic number, (ii) Mass number,
(iii) Atomic mass, Based on 12C
1.17 Explain valency and
chemical bonding.
1.18 Explain the octet and duplet
rules
1.19 Distinguish between the
following types of bonds: ionic:
covalent; metallic, co-ordination
bond.
1.20 Understand energy
4
considerations in ionic bonding
and lattice energy
1.21 Understand the formation of
covalent bonds, bond length and
bond energy, electronegativity
and bond polarity,
1.22 Explain Van der Waal's
forces

Practical Content
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's
Resources
activities

classroom
resources

Separate a mixture of sand and
salt and relate the results to the
different types of bonding in
each

Workshop resources and
Provide spectra
and guide students representative mass spectra
through their
interpretation

Prepare iron sulphide from iron Guide students
and sulphur

iron, Sulphur, Bunsen burner,
glassware,
magnets

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes
Week/s
activities
General Objectives: 2. 0 Understand the arrangement of elements in the periodic table
Lecture
classroom Investigate the reactivity of
2.1 Discuss the development of
resources
group 2 metals
the periodic table
(i) Mg. Ca, Sr, and Ba with
2.2 Describe building up periods I
water
and II
(ii) Mg and Ca with dilute HCl
2.3 Describe building up period III
Reactivity of transition metals 2.4 Describe electron
The Copper Envelope
configurations within groups
2.5 Describe the first d-orbital
transition series; building up
period IV
5
2.6 Discuss the non-metallic
elements
2.7 Discuss the Noble Gases
2.8 Write down electronic
configuration for the first twenty
elements of the periodic table.
2.9 Relate electron configuration
to the position in the periodic
table.
2.10 Describe trends in the
Periodic Table such as atomic
size, ionisation energy, electron
6
affinity, reactivity.
2.11 Describe diagonal
relationships
General Objective 3: Understand chemical Thermodynamics
Lecture
classroom Measure heat of reaction by
3.1 Describe thermodynamic
resources
simple experiments e.g. heat of
systems e.g. open system, closed
neutralization NaOH, HCl of a
system, isolated system.
acid and strong base.
3.2 Explain thermodynamic
functions enthalpy, entropy, free
7
energy.
3.3 Explain the first and second
laws of thermodynamics and their
significance.

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources
activities
Guide students

Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, water, dilute
hydrochloric acid test tubes etc

Copper foil, tongs, Bunsen

Teacher
Chemicals calorimeter
supervises and
Glassware etc.
guides students in
the laboratory

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's
Resources
Week/s
activities
activities
3.4 Explain thermo chemistry as
heat effects that accompany
chemical reactions
General Objective 4: Understand the properties and reactions of acid, bases and salts.
Carry out acid base titration by Guide students
Chemicals
Define acid, bases
4.1 Define an acid and a base
using conductance meter
Conductance meters pH meters
according to Arrhenius, Bronsted - and salts and
colour charts indicators burettes
teach to identify
Lowry and Lewis concepts.
glassware
them in equations
4.2 Identify acids and bases in
Identify indicators and use
chemistry equations.
indicators in acid base titration
4.3 Explain the meaning of the
Explain
terms conjugates acid and
dissociation
conjugate base
constant and
4.4 Distinguish between a strong derive expression
and weak acid or base.
for it
4.5 Write the expression for the
dissociation constant for an acid Work out simple
8
HA (aq)
calculations on
4.6 Give the equation for the
degree of
degree of dissociation and
dissociation of
3
concentration, M. (mole dm ) for a
weak acid
dilute solution of a weak acid.
4.7 Explain Ostwald's Dilution law
and dissociation constant, K.
4.8 Calculate the degree of
dissociation of a weak acid given the
molarity and dissociation constant.
4.9 State the value of the ionic
product of water.
Measure the pH of solutions by
4.10 Explain the concept of
using colour charts, indicators
hydrogen on concentration and pH
and pH meter
4.11 Calculate the pH value of an
acid or base given the hydrogen
Determine experimentally the
9
ion concentration
strengths of acids and bases in
4.15 Identify various types of
relation to structure e.g. in the
indicators and the use in the
series CH3COOH, HCL, NH4,
measurement of pH.
OH, NaOH

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's
Resources
Week/s
activities
activities
Lectures
Measure pKa of a weak acid
Teacher
4.16 Define the terms, pka and
via titration
supervises
pkb
students
4.17 State the Henderson
Hasslebach equation
Titrate a weak acid by using a
4.18 Use the Henderson
strong base. Plot the results
Hassleback equation
and observe the region of
4.19 Understand that, for a weak
buffering and the end point.
acid in a solution where the pH =
of the acid , the acid is 50%
10
ionised.
4.20 Define the terms, buffer
solution and buffer capacity
4.21 Explain the effectiveness of
a buffer solution.
4.22 Describe buffers in
Biochemistry and Medicine (e.g.
blood, and biochemical
experiments)
test tubes chemicals and burette
Calculate the solubility product Guide students
4.23 Explain the hydrolysis of
for back titrations
of silver acetate in water and
salts
solutions of varying
4.12 Explain common ion effect.
concentrations of sodium
4,14 Explain the solubility product
nitrate.
and its application in quantitative
11
and volumetric analysis.
4.24 Calculate the value of the
solubility product given the
solubility of sparingly soluble salt.
General Objectives: 5.0 Understand the fundamental concept of oxidation and reduction reactions.
Carry out redox titration's by
Supervise students Titration apparatus and chemicals
5.1 Explain:
Explain redox
using potassium permanganate in the laboratory
reactions and
interims of
(a) Oxidation
electron transfer
reaction
12
(b) Reduction
State half ionic
reaction
equation in
oxidation and

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes
Week/s
activities
reduction
5.2 Explain the oxidation and
reactions
reduction reactions in terms of
Conduct practical
electron transfer
titration
5.3 List some oxidizing and
reducing agents.
5.4 State the periodicity of
oxidation state of the elements.
5.5 State half ionic equation
involving in oxidation reaction.
5.6 State half ionic equation to
illustrate reduction.
5.7 Balance simple redox
equation's
General Objective 6: Understand surface phenomena and colloidal systems
Lecture
classroom Chromatography of leaves
6.1 Surface Phenomena and
resources
Colloidal Systems.
6.2 Explain the following surface
phenomena
(a) colloidal gels (b) surface
13
tension (c) absorption, (d)
emulsion (e) gels (f) flotation (g)
chromatography
6.3 Differentiate between
adsorption and absorption
Purify hard water using ion6.4 Define Ion-Exchange
exchange chromatography
6.3 Distinguish between cation
14
and anion exchange processes.
6.4 Describe the applications of
ion-exchange.
General Objective 7.0 Understand chemical equilibrium
Investigation of the effect of
7.1 Explain chemical equilibrium Lecture
concentration changes on
7.2 State the factors affecting
chemical equilibria
chemical equilibrium
15
7.3 Explain reversible reaction in
relation to chemical equilibrium
7.4 Explain Le Chatellier's

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources
activities

Guide students

finely cut leaves, chromatography
paper, propanone, beaker, lid,
glass rod or pencil

Guide students in
the laboratory

Ion-exchange chromatography

Guide students

test tubes, gloves, potassium
chromate, sulphuric acid, NaOH,
potassium or ammonium
thiocyanate, iron III chloride
ammonium chloride, glass rod,
teat pipettes

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
principle
7.5 Define equilibrium constant
7.6 Explain the law of mass action
7.7 Calculate concentrations
present in equilibrium mixture at
given temperature starting from
any given amounts of reactants
and products.

Practical Content
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's
Resources
activities

Assessment:
Coursework/ Assignments 10%; Practical 40 %; Examination 50%
Recommended Textbooks & References:
Classic Chemistry Experiments published by The Royal Society of Chemistry (UK) and free on the internet at
http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/classic_exp.htm
Salters Advanced Chemistry Activities and Assessment Pack published by Heinemann
Chemistry by M.J. Sienko and R.A. Plane (Mc Graw Hill)

Course: Inorganic Chemistry I
Department/Programme: National Diploma
Course: Inorganic Chemistry I
Course Code: STC 112
Year: Semester:
Pre-requisite:

Credit Hours:
Theoretical:
Practical:

4
1 hours/week
3 hours /week

General Objectives
1. Understand and be able to use stoichiometry in chemical reactions: Mole-mass-number relationships
2. Understand the shapes of molecules of The Main Group Elements (VSEPR)
3. Understand basic concepts in UV/Visible Spectroscopy
4. Understand some transition metal chemistry
5. Understand the chemistry of group VII elements
6. Understand the extraction and reactivity of the main group elements (Na, Zn, Ca)

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's
Resources
Week/s
activities
activities
General Objective 1: Understand and be able to use stoichiometry in chemical reactions: Mole-mass-number relationships
Lecture
Classroom Determine the formula of a
Guide students
copper strip (15 x 1 cm)
1.1 Be able to define the Mole
resources compound from experimental
emery paper
1.2 Describe molar mass
data
filter paper
1.3 Interconversion of Moles, mass, and
balance
number of species
iodine xtals (0.3 g)
1.4 calculation of mass percent from the
boiling tube
chemical formula
1-2
Bunsen burner
1.5 Understand empirical formulas
1.6 Understand molecular formulas
1.7 Understand combustion analysis
1.8 Understand chemical formulas and the
structures of molecules
1.9 Be able to determine the formula of an
unknown compound
Solid NaOH
Be able to prepare a
1.10 Be able to write balanced chemical
Water
standardised solution of dilute
equations and to balance chemical
volumetric glassware
NaOH or HCl or similar.
equations.
2
burettes
1.11 Be able to calculate amounts of reactant
reference solutions
and product from the stoichiometrically
balanced reaction equation
1.12 Be able to calculate amounts of reactant
and product when the reaction has a limiting
reagent
1.13 Be able to calculate: Theoretical, Actual
and Percentage Yields.
1.14 Be able to express concentration in
3
terms of Molarity
1.15 Be able to perform interconversions of
Mole-mass-number for species in solution
1.16 Be able to use stoichiometry of chemical
reactions in solution
General Objective 2: Understand the shapes of molecules of The Main Group Elements (VSEPR)
Guide students
Molecular models (or
Build models of Main group
2.1 Be able to depict molecules and ions by
modelling materials
compounds by using VSEPR
using Lewis Dot structures
4-5
such as clay and
rules
2.2 Use the octet rule to write Lewis
wooden rods)
structures

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's
Week/s
activities
activities
Fit tetrahedral models to a
2.3 Understand Resonance and delocalised
simulated receptor (2D but with
electron-pair bonding.
size and polarity regions
2.4 Understand and apply Valence Bond
mapped out)
Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR) to
molecular shape (a) two electron groups Linear, (b) three electron groups - Trigonal
Planar, (c) four electron groups - tetrahedral,
(d) five electron groups - Trigonal
Bipyramidal, (e) six elecrton groups Octahedral
2.5 Understand bond polarity, bond angle
and dipole moment
2.6 Understand the effect of molecular
polarity on behaviour
2.7 Relate molecular shape and polarity to
biological and drug receptors including the
sense of smell
General Objective 3: Understand basic concepts in UV/Visible Spectroscopy
Ensure that
Obtain a UV spectrum of a
3.1 Know where the UV region occurs in the
colourless conjugated organic students are
electromegnetic spectrum
working within the
molecule and determine the
3.2 Know where the visible region occurs in
limitations of the
wavelength of maximum
the electromagnetic spectrum
absorbance and the extinction beer Lambert
3.3 Know that UV and Visible radiation may
Law and Guide
coefficient.
be absorbed by molecules and promote
6
them in the Lab
electronic transitions.
3.4 Explain electronic transitions by using
Energy diagrams
3.5 Know the different types of elecrnonic
transitions n-pi*, pi-pi* charge transfer , etc
3.6 Know and use the equation relating
energy to wavelength
3.7 be able to draw a block diagram of a
7
UV/Vis spectrophotometer
3.8 Know and be able to use the Beer
Lambert equation

Resources

UV spectrometer
chemicals.
Chart paper or
computer printer

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources
Week/s
activities
General Objective 4: Understand some transition metal chemistry
Teaching
4.1 Explain the meaning of a transition metal. Lecture
Explain transition board
4.2 Write the electronic configuration of
Periodic
metals
transition metal of a given atomic number.
table
Relate their
4.3 Explain the characteristic properties of
properties to
the transition metals viz:
electronic
configuration,
(a) metallic character
8
ionization energies,
(physical and chemical)
bond energies etc
(b) variable valency
(c) formation of co-ordination
complex
(d) formation of coloured
ions
(e) paramagnetism

10-11

(a) electronic configuration.
(b) Atomic and ionic radio
(c) Ionization energies
(d) Lattice energies and
bond energies
(e) Availability of vacant
orbital for complex formation

4.5 Relate the shapes of transition metal
complexes to d-orbital symmetry rather than
VSEPR
Lecture
4.6 Describe the properties of the following
transition elements: Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe and
their compounds.
4.7 Explain the formation of alloys of steel.
4.8 List the different types of alloys
4.9 List the uses of different types of alloys

Resources

Obtain a UV spectrum of a
range of coloured conjugated
transition metal complexes and
determine the wavelength of
maximum absorbance and
extinction coefficient for each.

Add CoCl2 to water and obtain
UV spectrum note wavelength
of absorbance and calculate
extinction coefficient. Note
colour and relate colour to
absorption. Acidify with conc
HC and repeat. Explain the
change in terms of molecular
shape.

4.4 Relate the characteristic properties of the
transition elements in 5.3 above to:

Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's
activities

Classroom Determination of the amount of Guide students
materials
manganese in a steel paper
clip.

accurate balance nitric,
sulphuric and
phosphoric acid
potassium periodate
Bunsen burner
UV / vis

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's
Week/s
activities
activities
4.10 Describe the different types of steel
4.11 Describe the special properties of steel
such as great hardness, resistance to
corrosion etc.
4.12 Describe the specific uses of steel
derived from its special properties.
General Objective 5: Understand the chemistry of group VII elements
Lecture
Classroom Prepare chlorine in the
5.1 List the halogens
materials
laboratory
5.2 Describe the occurrence of halogens in
nature.
Lecture
5.3 Write the electronic configuration of the
Identify fluoride, and iodide ions
halogens
in the laboratory.
5.4 Describe the elemental forms of group VII
elements
12-13 5.5 Describe the physical and chemical
properties of fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and
iodine.
5.6 Compare the acid strengths of the four
elements above.
5.7 Describe the preparation and properties
of oxy compounds of halogens, oxyacids of
chlorine
General Objectives: 6.0 Understand the extraction and reactivity of the main group elements (Na, Zn, Ca)
Classroom Investigate the reactivity of Al Guide students
6.1 Describe the occurrence and extraction of Lecture
materials
and Zn
the following main group metals, Na, Sn, Ca.
6.2 Describe the reactivity of Na, Ca, Sn
14-15
6.3 Describe the occurrence and extraction of
the following main group metals Al and Zn.
6.4 Describe the reaction of Al and Zn

Resources
spectrophotometer
potassium manganate
VII gloves safety
glasses

Al and Zn
H2O and dilute HCl
alkyl halides
etc

Assessment:
Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Practical 40%; Examination 50 %
Recommended Textbooks & References:
Classic Chemistry Experiments published by The Royal Society of Chemistry (UK) and free on the internet at
http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/classic_exp.htm
Salters Advanced Chemistry Activities and Assessment Pack published by Heinemann
Chemistry by M.J. Sienko and R.A. Plane (Mc Graw Hill)
Chemistry (The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change) by M.S. Silberberg published by Mc Graw Hill

Course: Mechanics
Department/Programme: Science Laboratory Technology (National Diploma)
Course: Mechanics Course Code: STP 111 Credit Hours:
Year: 1 Semester: 1 Pre-requisite:
Theoretical: 2 hours/week
Practical:
3 hours /week
General Objectives
1. Understand rotational motion of rigid bodies.
2. Understand the phenomenon of surface tension.
3. Understand periodic motion.
4. Understand the behaviour of fluids in motion.

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources
Week/s
activities
General Objective 1.0: Understand rotational motion of rigid bodies.
Rotational Motion
Solve numerical
Lecture notes
1.1 Explain the concept of the
problems using the Rods,
moment of inertia about an axis
expressions stated rectangular
1.2 State and Explain the
in 1.2.
plate, ring,
expression for moment of inertia of
circular disc,
the following:
Lecture and apply solid cylinder,
hollow cylinder,
the expression in
sphere.
i) a rod
the calculation of
ii) rectangular
kinetic energy and
plate
acceleration of
Lecture notes
iii) ring
rolling and sliding
Reference
iv) circular disc
rigid bodies e.g.
texts
v) solid and hollow
cylinder sphere,
Inclined plane
cylinders
disc, ring etc.
Cylinder,
vi) a sphere
sphere, disc
Ring, uniform
Solve some
numerical problems rod rectangular
plate.
1.3 Explain radius of gyration
and give
1-3
1.4 Calculate the radius of gyration assignment.
for each of the bodies
1.5 Define Torque of a body about
an axis.
1.6 Define angular momentum of a
body about an axis.
1.7 Establish the relationship
between torque τ and angular
momentum (L)
i.e. t = dl
dt

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Determine experimentally the Perform experiment to Flywheel of standard
moment of inertia of a
determine the moment pattern with wall support.
flywheel.
of inertia of a flywheel. Mass attached to a length
of cord.
Determine the moment of
Perform an experiment Vernier calliper
Stop clock/watch
inertia of a uniform rod using to determine the
bifilar suspension.
moment of inertia of a Metre rule.
uniform rod using
bifilar suspension.
Two heavy stands and
clamps, two threaded
corks, metre rule, brass
rod, stop clock/watch.

where t is time.
1.8 State the law of conservation of
angular momentum.
1.9 Explain the reduction in speed
of a rotating body when struck by a

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
small mass applying the law of
conservation of angular
momentum.
1.10 Write and explain the
expression for the kinetic energy of
rotation of a rigid body.
1.11 Calculate moments of inertia
about some axes of interest of the
following, using the appropriate
formulae e.g.

Resources

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

- Uniform rod
- Ring
- Circular disc
- Solid cylinder
- Hollow cylinder
- Sphere
- Rectangular
plate.

4-6

General Objective 2.0: Understand the phenomenon of surface tension
2.1 Explain the phenomenon of
Lecture
Water, mercury Demonstrate the existence of
surface tension
etc.,
surface tension
2.2 Explain the origin of surface
Glass
dish,
Use examples e.g.
tension using the
water and mercury chalk and
Determine experimentally the
molecular theory.
board.
etc to illustrate
surface tension of a liquid by
2.3 Define the coefficient of
adhesive and
capillary rise method using
surface tension (stating its units). cohesive forces.
travelling microscope.
2.4 Explain adhesive and cohesive
forces.
Lecture
Determine experimentally the
2.5 Define angle of contact
surface tension of a liquid
2.6 Explain capillary action giving
using a torsion balance.
Solve
numerical
examples of everyday situation.
problems
and
give
2.7 Explain the variation of surface
assignment.
Demonstrate the variation of
tension with temperature.
surface tension with
2.8 Explain surface tension in
temperature using Jaeger's
terms of surface energy.
method.

Use examples such as
water from tap, floating
of needle on surface of
water etc to
demonstrate the
existence of surface
tension.
Explain the use of
travelling microscope
and torsion balance
before allowing the
students to carry out
experiments on
surface tension.

Needle
Tissue paper
Beaker
Water
Water Tap
Lecture Note
Laboratory
travelling Microscope
set of glass capillary,
beaker dilute nitric acid
caustic soda solution
distilledwater
stand with clamp

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
2.9 Relate surface tension to
specific latent heat.
2.10 Calculate the surface tension
of soap solution and soap bubble
using the appropriate equations.

Resources

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Students should
determine
experimentally the
surface tension of a
liquid by capillary rise
method using
travelling microscope.
Demonstrate the
variation of surface
tension with
temperature using
Jaeger's method.

7-9

General Objective 3.0: Understand periodic motion.
Periodic Motion
Lecture
3.1 Explain the following:Apply the formula
(i) periodic motion
for the period of
(ii) simple
oscillation in 3.4 to
Harmonic motion
solve some simple
numerical problems.
3.2 List examples of systems
performing simple
Harmonic motion
3.3 Define the parameters
associated with simple Harmonic
motion (amplitude ; period T;
angular velocity w etc)
3.4 State and explain the
expression for the period of
oscillation of the following :-

Determine 'g' (acceleration
Demonstrate and
due to gravity) experimentally allow the students to
using:
carry out the practicals
on how to determine g
using compound
i) compound
pendulum, loaded
pendulum
spiral spring and
ii)loaded
loaded cantilever.
spiral spring
iii)loaded
cantilever

Resources

Torsion balance.
Beaker containing a liquid,
large bottle filled with
dropping funnel, on outlet
tube bent twice at right
angles/ To the end of the
tube is forced a length of
tubing which is immersed to
given depth in the liquid. A
manometer filled with xylol,
a travelling microscope.

For 4.6 (i) Knitting needle,
metre rule with holes drilled
at equal interval
Stop clock/watch.
For 4.6 (ii) Spiral spring
slotted weights stop
clock/watch.
Retort stand.
For 4.6 (iii)
Loaded metre rule, Gclamp stop clock/watch.

i) a simple
pendulum
ii) compound
pendulum

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
iii) loaded elastic
spring etc

Resources

Specific Learning
Outcomes

3.5 Draw and explain the graphs of
Potential Energy,
Kinetic Energy and Total Energy
against distance
from equilibrium position.
3.6 Calculate velocities of bodies in
periodic and
simple harmonic motion when
other parameters are
known.
General Objective 4.0: Understand the behaviour of fluids in motion.
Fluids in Motion
Lecture
Classroom
Determine experimentally the
4.1 Explain viscosity applying
Resources.
coefficient of
molecular theory
viscosity of a low density
4.2 Define velocity gradient in a
liquid using porseuille's
fluid
formula.
4.3 Distinguish between streamline
and turbulent flow.
Determine experimentally the
4.4 State and explain Newton's
terminal velocity of small ball
formula for viscosity:bearings.
F = δ A x velocity gradient where
F = frictional force in a liquid
Demonstrate experimentally
10 -12 S = coefficient of viscosity
the variation of
A = the area of liquid surface
viscosity with temperature.
4.5 Define coefficient of viscosity S
stating the units.
4.6 State the expression for the
steady flow of liquid
through a pipe i.e. Poiseulle's
formula:

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Students should be
allowed to determine
experimentally the
coefficient of
viscosity of a low
density liquid using
porseuille's formula.
Students should be
made to perform the
experiment to
determine the terminal
velocity of small ball
bearings .

Determine experimentally the
Students should be
value of the
made to perform the
coefficient of viscosity of a
liquid based on the equation. experiment to
investigate the
πPA 4
variation of viscosity
V=
8ν
with temperature.
where ν is coefficient of

Resources

Measuring cylinder with
marks for distance, stop
clock/watch.
Steel sphere of different
diameters, micrometer
screw gauge, etc..
Set of long tubes of
different diameters, short
inlet tubes, outer jackets for
tubes, number of small
steel ball bearings of
different diameters, stop
watch/clock.
Set of long tubes of
different diameters, short
inlet tubes, outer jackets for
tube and stir, thermometer,
number of small still ball
bearings of different
diameters, vernier callipers,

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities

Vol per sec =

πPA 4 where
8νL

π = a constant (3.14)
P = pressure difference
A= radius of tube
L = length of tube
ν = coefficient of viscosity
4.7 Describe and explain the
motion of a small
spherical body falling through a
viscous fluid.
4.8 Explain terminal velocity
4.9 State and explain stoke's law F=6πν a v where F is frictional
force in liquid v. is terminal
velocity; a = radius of spherical
ball.
4.10 Write the expression for the
terminal velocity of a small
spherical ball i.e. falling through a
liquid
column:

Resources

Specific Learning
Outcomes
viscosity, V is velocity, a is
radius of the tube, t stands for
time and P is
Pressure difference.

Use stoke's theorem to
measure the viscosity of a
liquid of high density.

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Students should
perform the
experiment to
determine the value of
coefficient of viscosity
a liquid based on the
equation.
πPA 4
8ν
where ν is coefficient
of viscosity, V is
velocity, a is radius of
the tube, t stands for
time and P is Pressure
difference.
V=

Student should
perform an experiment
to determine the
viscosity of a high
density liquid.

2ga 2P − 6
where 6 is density
9ν
of 9ν liquid P is the density of the
bearing's material; a is radius of
the bearing and g acceleration due
to gravitation.
4.11
4.12 Explain the importance of
viscosity in lubrication.
4.13 Explain the effect of
temperature on the viscosity
13 - 15
of a liquid.
4.14 Derive Bernoulli's equation.
Vo =

Resources

stop clock/watch.
Cylindrical cylinder marked
at different intervals, ball
bearing, stop clock/watch,
micrometer screw gauge.

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
4.15 List some applications of
Bernouli's principles e.g.
action of filter pumps and
carburettors etc.
4..16 State the dimensions of
coefficient of
viscosity.
4.17 Calculate the terminal velocity
of steel balls or
other bodies falling under gravity in
liquids.

Resources

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:
Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Course test 20%; Practical 30 %; Examination 40 %
Recommended Textbooks & References:

(1) Advanced Level Physics by Nelkon and Parker
(2) Laboratory Manual of Physics by Tyler

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Course: Heat Energy
Department/Programme: National Diploma
Course: Heat Energy
Course Code: STP 112
Year: 1 Semester: 1
Pre-requisite:

Credit Hours:
Theoretical:
Practical:

1 hours/week
3 hours /week

General Objectives:
On completion of this course, students should be able to:

1. Construct and use different types of thermometers.
2. Understand different methods of determining specific heat capacity and apply Newton's cooling correction.
3. Understand the behaviour of gases in terms of atomic and molecular motions
4. Understand the application of different modes of heat transfer.

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes

Teacher's Resources Specific Learning
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
General Objective 1.0: Construct and use different types thermometers.
Temperature
• Lecture
Classroom Identify the different types
1.1 Define temperature using concept of
with
resources. of thermometers:thermal equilibrium.
examples
1.2 Define temperature in terms of
Liquid in glass
thermometric properties, length of liquid
thermometers (choice of
column, pressure of a gas under constant
appropriate liquid).
pressure, resistance of a wire, e.m.f. of
thermocouple, radiation from a hot body.
Resistance thermometer.
1.3 Define temperature scale Celsius scale,
Kelvin scale, ideal gas scale).
1-2
Thermocouple
1.4 Convert Celsius to Kelvin scale.
1.5 Compare the ideal gas scales and other
Pyrometers
scales.
1.6 List the basic fixed points on the
international temperature scales.
Gas thermometer
1.7 Describe the appropriate uses of
thermometers in 14.7 above.
Clinical thermometers

Minimum and maximum
thermometers
Construct and calibrate a
liquid in glass thermometer
resistance thermometer,
Thermocouple and Gas
Thermometers.
3-6
Conduct experiment to
ascertain the sensitivity of
thermometers constructed
by comparing with
standard ones.

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Provide different types of
thermometers and first
allow students to identify
them using their previous
knowledge of thermometry.

Resources

Liquid in glass
thermometers (choice of
appropriate liquid).
Resistance thermometer.
Thermocouple
Pyrometers
Gas thermometer
Clinical thermometers
Minimum and maximum
thermometers

Divide students into project .Glass blowing laboratory
groups for the work
.Mercury, Capillary tube,
mercury, copper and
Divide students into groups platinum wire.
for the work
Hot and cold sources.

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's Resources Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Resources
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
General Objective 2.0: Understand different methods of determining specific heat capacity and apply Newton's cooling correction.
2.1 State Newton's laws of cooling
Lecture
Classroom Determine specific heat
Students should determine - Calorimeter
resources..
capacity
of
solid
and
liquid
specific heat capacity of
- Heater
dQ
= Ks(Q − Qr ) where Q is the body's
using electrical methods. solid and liquid using
- Thermometer
dt
electrical
methods.
- Stop Clock/Watch
temperature
-Ammeter
Determine
specific
S is the area of the body's surface
-Voltmeter
capacity
of
liquid
by
Student
should
determine
Qr is temperature of its surrounding
- Source of EMF
continuous
flow
method.
specific
capacity
of
liquid
Q denotes heat lost from the body
7-9
by continuous flow method.
Calendar and Barnes
2.2 Explain cooling corrections in
apparatus.
Students
should
verify
measurements of
Stop Clock/Watch.
Newton's
law
of
cooling
quantity of heat.
Source of EMF.
experimentally
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Resistance Thermometer.
Verify Newton's law of
Apply cooling corrections in Thermometer
cooling experimentally
heat experiment.
Stirrer made of copper wire.

Note:
Stop watch/clock
(i) Supervise the practicals.
Paraffin Beaker.
(ii) Group the students for
the purpose of the
Cooper calorimeter
practicals.
provided with a lit and
supported on corks inside a
(iii) Demonstrate the
double walled vessel
experiment for the students containing cold water
before allowing them to
between the walls.
work in groups

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's Resources Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
General Objective 3.0: Understand the behaviour of gases in terms of atomic and molecular motions
Demonstrate Brownian
Kinetic Theory of Gas
Lecture
Classroom Demonstrate
motion by asking the
resources. Brownian
3.1 Define atom, molecule, Avogadro
students to watch the
Motion.
constant, relative molecular mass, mole,
movement of dust or
molar mass, molar volume and S.T.P
smoke particles.
3.2 Differentiate between:
Verify the gas laws
(i) Number of moles; number of molecules
experimentally.
and Avogadro's constant.
Demonstrate the use of
(ii) Number of moles, mass of the gas and
Boyles and Charles laws
molar volume
apparatus before asking
students to verify the laws
using the apparatus.
3.3 State the assumptions of the kinetic
theory of gases.
3.4 Explain Brownian motion
3.5 Explain Maxwellian distribution of
velocities (quantitatively)
11 - 12 3.6 Explain the terms most probable speed,
the mean speed and the mean square
speed.
3.7 Derive the expression for the pressure
exerted by an ideal gas.
2

As P = 1 / 3ρC
= density
= mean square velocity
3.8 Relate the kinetic energy of a gas to its
temperature.
3.9 Derive the equation of state of an ideal
gas using the kinetic theory.
3.10 State Boyles and Charles laws.
3.11 .Distinguish between real and ideal
gas.

Resources

Boyles and Charles laws
apparatus

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes

Teacher's Resources Specific Learning
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
General Objective 4.0: To understand the application of different modes of Heat transfer.
Lecture
Determine Thermal
4.1 Explain heat current.
conductivity of copper
4.2 Explain Thermal conductivity of a
using Searle's method.
material.
4.3 State and explain Stefan's law of
radiation.
Determine Thermal
4.4 Explain green house effect and its every
conductivity of ebonite by
13 - 15 day applications.
Lees' Disc method.
4.5 Explain black body radiation.

Assessment:
Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Course test 20 %; Practical 30 %; Examination 40 %
Recommended Textbooks & References:

(1) Advanced Level Physics by Nelkon and Parker
(2) Laboratory Manual of Physics by Tyler

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

The students should
determine Thermal
conductivity of copper
using Searle's method.
Supervise conduction of
the practical.

Resources

Standard form of Searle's
apparatus with steam
heater.
Beaker, stop clock/watch
callipers.

Standard laboratory form of
Students should determine Lees' Disc apparatus, stop
clock/watch
Thermal conductivity of
and screw gauge.
ebonite by Lees' Disc
method.
Supervise conduction of
the practical.

Course: Algebra for Science
Department/ Programme: National Diploma Science Laboratory Technology
Course: Algebra for science
Course Code: STP 113
st
st
Year: 1 Semester: 1
Pre-requisite:

Credit Hours:
Theoretical:
Practical:

hours/week 1 hours
hours /week 1 hours

General Objectives

1. Be able to use the laws of indices in simplifying algebraic expressions
2. Be able to use the theory of logarithm and surds in the manipulation of scientific expression.
3. Be able to solve simultaneous and quadratic equations in scientific situations
4. Understand the algebraic operations of matrices and determinates as well as solve simultaneous linear equations by the methods of matrices
5. Be able to use Binomial theorem in the expansion of scientific expressions and in approximations.

Theoretical Content
Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

1
2

5-6

7-8

Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's Resources
activities
General Objective 1: Be able to use the laws of indices in simplifying algebraic expression
General revision on the laws of
Solves simple problems using the Classroom
indices
laws the laws of indices
resources
Apply the laws in simplifying
Use indices in solving scientific
Use indices in solving
Workshop
Over head projectors,
algebraic expression
problems. Give assignments
scientific problems
slides. Etc
General Objective 2: Be able to use the theory of logarithm in the manipulation of scientific expressions
Workshop
Blackboard chalk
General revision on logarithm and Lecture
Classroom
Read the logarithmic tables
textbooks four figure
the laws of logarithm
resources
for given numbers. Simplify
tables
numerical expressions using
log table
Blackboard chalk
Applying logarithms in solving non Lecture and give assignment
Read the logarithm table for Workshop
textbooks four figure
linear equations
given numbers. Apply
tables, Scientific
logarithms in solving non
calculators
linear equations
General Objective 3: Be able to apply quadratic equations in scientific situations
Briefly revise topics on quadratic
Solve quadratic equation suing
Classroom
Recall the use of different
Workshop
Board chalk standard
and simultaneously equations
different methods. Completing the resources
methods of solving quadratic
texts and projector and
square, factorisation and formula
equation.
slides
Apply algebraic and graphical
Lecture give assignment
Apply the method in solving
Workshop
Graph sheet pencil,
methods in solving two
some scientific problems
projector, slides and
simultaneous quadratic equations
calculators
Apply algebraic an graphical method Lecture and give assignment
Apply the method in solving
Workshop
Graph sheet pencil,
in solving two simultaneous
some scientific problem
projector, slides and
equation
calculators
General Objective 4: Understand the algebraic operations of matrices and determinants as well as solve simultaneous linear equation by the
method of matrices
Classroom
Be able to identity special
Workshop.
Explanation of matrix and definition Give Lectures Give examples of
matrices
of some special matrices
each of the special matrices-zero, resources
identity, square, triangular
symmetric matrix etc
Applying determinants of order 2
Apply determinants of order 2 Workshop
1. State the laws of addition and
and 3 in solving simultaneous
and 3 in solving simultaneous
multiplication of matrices
linear equations
2. explain the method of evaluating linear equations
determinants
Resources

Theoretical Content
Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's Resources
activities
State and explain some theorems in State five examples each of the
Should be able to understand Workshop
Projector, calculator,
the matrix
theorems stated.
the theorems stated and apply
chalk board, slides
it to some physical problems
General Objective 5: Be able to use binomial theorem in the expansion of scientific expressions and in approximations
Classroom
1. State binomial theorem for a
Lecture apply the binomial
resources
positive integral index
theorem in the expansion of
2
2
expression such as (X + Y) , (X 2
1/X ) etc.
1. Expand expression in the form (1 Lecture apply the binomial
Classroom
Apply binomial theorem in the Workshop
-1
½
½
+ x) , (1-x) , (1 - x)theorem in the expansion of some resources
expansion of some scientific
scientific expression
expressions
Lecture
Apply to scientific situations
Workshop
Expand and approximate
expressions of the type (1.001)n,
(0.998)n, (1+x) ½ , (1-x) 1/3 to a
state degree of accrued
Resources

Assessment:
Coursework 40%; Attendance 10%; Examination 50%
Recommended Textbooks & References:

Engineering Mathematics by Stroud

Course: Electronic Logic for Science
Department/Programme: National Diploma
Course: Electronic Logic for Science Course Code: STP 114 Credit Hours:
st
st
Year: 1 Semester: 1
Pre-requisite:
Theoretical: hours/week 1 hours
Practical:
hours /week 1 hours
General Objective

1. Understand binary, hexadecimal arithmetic and the coding scheme
2. Know the fundamentals of Boolean algebra
3. Know the basic logic gates and understand their operation and applications

Theoretical Content
Week/s Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Resources Specific Learning
Outcomes
Outcomes
General Objective 1: Understand binary, octal, hexadecimal arithmetic and coding scheme
Conversion of binary to
Explain the conversion from binary Classroom
resources
decimal and decimal to
to decimal and decimal to binary
1-2
binary
numbers. Solve many examples
and give assignments
Explain coding scheme
Explain binary bits, bytes, nibbles,
word, Binary coded decimal (BCD)
General Objective 2: Know the fundamentals of Boolean algebra
State and explain the basic State an explain the commutative Classroom
resources
Boolean postulates
law, associative law,
distributive law,
3-4
identity law
negative law,
De Morgen's theorem etc.
Define truth table. Construct Define truth table and construct
5-6
truth table for up to four (4) truth table for up to four variables.
variables.
Give assignment
Define karnaugh map (KExplain K-map and construct K7-8
map). Construct a k-map for map for 2,3,4 variable. Give
2,3,4 variable.
assignments
Minimise a logic expression Minimize logic expression using
9
using a K-map
Objective 3: Understand the operation of basic logic gates and understand their applications
Classroom Construct circuits using
List the basic logic function List the basic logic functions OR,
electrical switches to
and explain with the aid of AND, NOT, NOR, NAND, EX-OR resources
illustrate OR and AND
10-11 symbols and truth tables the etc and explain with the aid of
gates
functions of the logic gates symbols and truth tables the
functions of the gates
Describe the construction of Explain with the aid of circuit
Demonstrate how
the AND and OR gates
diagrams how the AND and OR
diodes can be used
12
using diodes.
how the AND and OR gates can be
implement the
constructed using diodes
functions Y=AB,
Y=A+B

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Guide students on how to
construct circuit using
electrical switches to illustrate
how the OR and AND gates
operate
Guide students on how to use
AND, OR making use of
diodes to implement the
functions Y=AB, Y=A+B

Resources

Electrical switches,
source of e.m.f, wire
connectors, electric
bulbs
Diodes, resistors,
sources of e.m.f

Theoretical Content
Week/s Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Resources
Outcomes
Conversion of a Boolean
Explain the conversion of Boolean
expression to logic diagram expressions to logic diagrams.
13

Conversion of truth table to Explain the conversion of a truth
Boolean expression
table to a Boolean expression

Conversion of a logic
diagram to a truth table.

Explain conversion of a logic
diagram to a truth table.

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:
Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Course test 20 %; Practical 30 %; Examination 40 %
Recommended Textbooks & References:

Principles of Electronics by T. Duncan

Specific Learning
Outcomes
Demonstrate the
conversion of Boolean
expression to logic
diagram
Demonstrate the
conversion of a truth
table to a Boolean
expression.
Demonstrate the
conversion of a logic
diagram to a truth table

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Use the logic modules to
illustrate the conversion.

Logic modules

Demonstrate using logic
modules

Logic modules

Demonstrate using logic
modules

Logic modules

Course: Technical English
Department/Programme: National Diploma
Course: Technical English
Course Code: STC 113
Year: 1 Semester: 1
Pre-requisite:

Credit Hours:
Theoretical:
Practical:

1 hours/week
1 hours /week

General Objectives

At the end of this course students should be able to:
1. Write lab reports in scientific subjects by using good English and appropriate layouts (formats)
2. Engage in professional correspondence
3. Write a full report on a scientific investigation in an accepted format
4. Construct a poster on a scientific topic
5. Deliver a short lecture on a scientific topic

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities

Practical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Week/s
Outcomes
General Objective 1: Write lab reports in scientific subjects by using good English and appropriate layouts (formats)
Provide suitable
Students write a 2 page
1.1 Students understand how Give examples of good and bad Classroom
article on a scientific topic in laboratory data and set
English. Give examples of good resources
to write in good English
assignment
the style of a newspaper
reports for chemistry (organic
1.2 Students know and are
article for a general
able to use: full stops, capital and physical), physics and
audience.
biology laboratory practicals
letters, commas and
apostrophes.
1-3
1.3 Students understand that
Students write three good lab
lab reports conform to specific
reports for: chemistry,
formats
physics, and biology labs
1.4 Students know how to
vary the formats for the
different subjects and
experiments
General Objective 2: Engage in professional correspondence
Classroom
Students are able to write to Provide suitable
2.1 Students understand how Explain rules of letter writing
assignments and pair
resources
scientists to request
to write to scientists to request and professional letter writing
and Give examples
information and to engage in up students for
information
correspondence
scientific correspondence
2.2 Students know the rules
4-5
and etiquette for engaging in a
short exchange of letters with
another scientist discussing a
scientific topic
General Objective 3: Write a full report on a scientific investigation in an accepted format
Students can write a full
Provides data and sets
3.1 Students understand the Explains accepted format(s) for Classroom
resources
report on a scientific topic
individual assignments
rules for writing a full scientific scientific reports. Explain free
6-7
report.
standing abstract, introduction,
methods, results, discussion,
and references
General Objective 4: Construct a poster on a scientific topic
4.1 Understand how to
Explain rules and Give
Classroom
Students construct a poster Help students choose
8 - 10 construct a poster
examples
resources and on a scientific topic
topics and supervise
posters
construction
Resources

Resources

Workshop resources
(writing and library
resources)

Workshop resources

Stationary for
posters and
workshop resources

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities

Resources

General Objective 5: Deliver a short lecture on a scientific topic
5.1 Understand how to
Provides advice
Classroom
prepare a lecture and speak in
resources
public

11 - 15

Assessment: Coursework/Assignments 70 % , Examination 30%
Recommended Textbooks & References:

Communicating Chemistry published by The Royal Society of Chemistry (UK)
The Complete Plain Words by Sir Ernest Gowers published by HMSO (UK)

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Help students select
Workshop
5.2 Students give a two
minute lecture on a scientific topics and prepare and resources,
give lectures
preferably using
topic
overhead projector
and/or PowerPoint
5.3 Students give a fifteen
minute lecture on a scientific
topic

Course: GLT, Module (ii) Safety in the laboratory, and Module (i) Care and maintenance of
laboratory ware and equipment
Department/Programme: ND Science
Course: GLT, Module (ii) Safety in the laboratory, and Module (i) Care and maintenance of laboratory
ware and equipment
Year: Semester:

General Objectives

1. Know the common laboratory hazards
2. Understand the basic safety rules in the laboratory
3. Understand Radiation
4. Know the use of laboratory ware and simple lab. equipment
5. Understand the calibration of glass ware
6. Know the various uses of glass ware in the laboratory
7. Know the maintenance of laboratory balances
8. Understand the principles application and maintenance of microscope
9. Know the maintenance of heating apparatus in the laboratory
10. Know the maintenance of cooling equipment in the laboratory
11. Know the maintenance of temperature measurement equipment
12. Understand microtomy and the maintenance of microtomy tools
13. Know basic electrical appliances
14. Understand the care and maintenance of audio-visual equipment

Course Code: GLT
111
Pre-requisite:

Credit
Hours:
Theoretical: 1 hours/week
Practical:
1 hours
/week

Specific Learning Outcomes

Theoretical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Week/s

General Objective 1: Know the common laboratory hazards
Class room resources
1.1 List different types of laboratory Use question and answer
techniques.
hazards: Electrical, chemical, fire,
Illustrate with examples.
biological, mechanical etc.
1.2 Describe the nature and causes Use question and answer
techniques.
of the hazards in 1.1 above.
1.3 List examples of each of the
types of hazards in 1.1 above.
General Objective 2: Understand the basic safety rules in the laboratory
Laboratory safety wears
2.1 List basic laboratory safety rules. Demonstrate application
and gears.
Fix permanently in the
2.2 Display charts showing safety
Fire extinguishers.
laboratories.
symbols and rules.
Tap water.
Use practical illustrations.
2.3 Interpret the symbols in 2.2
Demonstrate how to flush water
above.
2.4 Know the procedure for treating on the area affected.
First Aid Box
To illustrate how to use first aid in Fire extinguisher
acid burns in the laboratory.
severe cases.
2.5 Examine the procedure of
Fire blanket
Use colour coding on fire
treating cases of inhalation or
extinguishers to show different
swallowing of toxic gases and
Extinguishers sources of
areas of application.
liquids in the laboratory.
fire controlled.
Demonstrate how to extinguish
2.6 Classify fires.
First Aid Box.
2.7 Extinguish various types of fires different types of fires.
Use the facilities in first aid box to
using extinguishers.
Hand gloves specimen
demonstrate treatment.
2.8 Practice the procedure of
preparation kit.
treating burns from naked fire in the Use question and answer.
Illustrate by use of hand gloves.
laboratory.
Lecture with examples of actions
2.9 List possible sources of
to be taken.
microbial contamination of
laboratory workers.
2.10 Describe procedures to be
adopted in the prevention of
microbial contamination in the
laboratory.
2.11 Describe first aid measures to
be taken in case of microbial
contamination in the laboratory.

Specific
Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources
activities

See Column This material is best
2
presented as a
workshop
i.e. a mixture of
lecture and
laboratory
demonstration.

laboratory
containing
blackboard and
other resources for
lecturing.
Other materials
are given in
column 3.

Specific Learning Outcomes

Theoretical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Week/s

General Objective 2: Understand the basic safety rules in the laboratory
Pieces of dry wood or
Illustrate use of an insulator to
2.12 Describe the procedure for
plastic first aid box.
remove victim from the electric
treating electric shock in the
source and use of first aid.
laboratory.
Refer to safety regulation first aid.
2.13 Describe the precaution
Use question and answer format.
against electric shock in the
Use the facilities in the first aid
laboratory.
2.14 List the content of the first aid box to demonstrate the treatment
of injuries.
box in the laboratory.
2.15 Describe and practice how to Use students to demonstrate
treat cuts and other minor injuries in among themselves.
the laboratory.
2.16 Describe and apply various
methods of artificial respiration for
the injured in the laboratory e.g.
mouth to mouths cardiac
compression
General Objective 3: Understand Radiation
Sealed Radioactive source
Use examples
3.1 Define Radiation
Unsealed radioactive
3.2 List and describe types of
sources.
radiation e.g. x-ray, gamma ray etc. Use question and answer
3.3 Enumerate various types of
Show some practical examples.
radioactive sources e.g. uranium,
thorium.
Illustrate with examples.
3.4 Explain and identify sealed and
unsealed radioactive sources.
3.5 Define basic radiation terms
such as radiation absorbed dose
maximum permissible level etc.

Specific
Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources
activities

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Specific Learning Outcomes

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Teacher's activities

Resources

Week/s

General Objective 4: Know the use of laboratory wares and simple lab. equipment
Beakers, burette, pipette,
Involve students in practical
4.1 Identify the different types of
test tube etc.
laboratory glass wares e.g. beakers identification.
Water fittings, gas fittings,
test tube, funnels, flask etc.
light fittings
4.2 State the uses of different
Lecture
Grease, kipps apparatus
laboratory wares in 4.1
Practical identification and
4.3 Identify different types of fittings sketch/illustration in the laboratory condensers
Containers,
in the laboratory e.g. water, gas,
Laboratory identification
H2 SO4, alcohol etc.
light etc.
Gets students involved in the
4.4 Identify the different types of
preparation and use of cleansing Used or dirty sintered glass
grease and their application on
wares; cleansing agents,
agents.
joints.
Teacher to demonstrate cleaning running tap water, washing
4.5 Prepare cleaning reagents for
bowls and detergents.
of sintered glass ware using
laboratory wares.
chromic water and organic
4.6 Clean laboratory wares using
advents.
cleansing agents.
Lecture
4.7 Explain the uses of parcel on
Teacher and students to make a
sintered glass, nickel and platinum. study talk of the departmental
4.8 Store laboratory wares.
store, students to write an outline
4.9 Maintain laboratory wares.
of their observation for teacher to
assess.
General Objective 5: Understand the calibration of glass wares
Sensitive balance, chromic
Lecture
5.1 Define calibration
5.2 Distinguish between calibration Practical; calibration of burettes, acid still water weighing
containers, thermometers
pipette and standard flask
and graduation.
etc.
Teacher clamps two burette
5.3 Explain the effect of heat on
Water and mercury
calibration of laboratory glass wares. upright fills one with water
returned steels, burettes.
5.4 Record fluid levels of calibrated another with mercury ask each
student to read levels and record. Test tubes, clamps making
glass wares e.g. water level,
pencils water etc.
Lecture
mercury level.
Demonstration
5.5 Graduate simple laboratory
Show students how to graduate
glass wares using standards
simple laboratory glass ware e.g.
volumes.
using the test tube.

Specific
Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources
activities

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Week/s

General Objective 6: Know the various uses of glass ware in the laboratory
Reagent bottle, amber,
Lecture
6.1 Identify types of glass wares
glass containers, plastics,
suitable for storage in the laboratory Lecture
ceramics.
Involve students in practical
6.2 Describe and identify types of
glass wares suitable as containers identification
e.g. for storage of photo-sensitive
reagents and some acids.
Lecture
6.3 Identify other laboratory storage
containers e.g. plastics and
ceramics.
6.4 State the precautions necessary
in the storage of chemicals e.g.
Hydrofluoric acid in plastic
containers, sodium metal in paraffin
and silver nitrate in amber
containers
General Objective 7: Know the maintenance of laboratory balances
Balances
7.1 Explain the working principles of Lecture
Get students involved in practical
the laboratory balance.
identification of balances.
7.2 Identify the various types of
Analytical balance
Make students use different
balance in use in the laboratory.
Top loading balance,
balance to take weight of different operation manuals.
7.3 Distinguish between accuracy
objects.
and prevision of a balance.
7.4 Determine the sensitivity of a
Top loading balance,
balance.
Lecture and illustration.
Analytical balance,
7.5 Differentiate between analytical
Standard masses
and top loading balances.
Lecture
7.6 Learn how to use operation
Involve students in the calibration
manuals of balances.
of balances.
7.7 Describe the effect of shock,
temperature, chemicals on the
Demonstrate cleaning of
operation of balances.
7.8 Re-calibration of balance using balances.
Allow students to participate
(i) Luternal weight
under strict supervision.
(ii) Recalibration weight
7.9 Identify substances using

Specific
Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources
activities

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Week/s

various balances.
7.10 Check balances to know when
they require servicing e.g. using
standard masses.
7.11 Install and test-run a balance.
7.12 Carry out minor adjustment,
repairs or replacement of parts on a
balance.
General Objective 8: Understand the principles application and maintenance of microscope
Simple microscope
8.1 Identify a simple microscope and Draw and label the compound
compound microscopes
light microscope on the lower
its parts.
Dark-field microscope etc.
table functions of parts for
8.2 List the various types of
microscope in use in the laboratory. students.
Assemble various types of
8.3 Describe the use of various
Different types of
microscope e.g. Daylight, light,
microscope in 8.2 above.
microscope. Dirty
stereo, projector, phase contrast microscope lens tissue
8.4 State the ranges of
etc.
magnification of microscope.
Chamois leather Xy lens
Student to draw label and indicate Lubricating oil.
8.5 Outline the principles of
function.
operation of various types of
Lecture
microscope.
8.6 Describe and apply the various Clean optical parts lens time
Use Xy lens sparingly where
procedure in the routine
necessary
maintenance and minor of
Clean body with chamois cloth
microscope.
Lubricate moving parts.
General Objective 9: Know the maintenance of heating apparatus in the laboratory
Burners, hot plate,
Practical
9.1 Identify the various heating
Display burners, heating mantles, autoclave, oven etc.
apparatus like burners, hot plates,
water oil and sand baths heating Water bath heating mantle
autoclave etc.
gas supply etc.
9.2 Describe the application of each oils.
Portable autoclave oven.
Explain principle and use
type in 9.1 above.
Demonstrate use with any 2
9.3 Heat water and other liquids,
above.
powder etc. using Bunsen burner,
Lecture and demonstration as
hot plates etc.
above.
9.4 Sterilize various objects using

Specific
Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources
activities

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Resources

Week/s

Use portable autoclave and oven
autoclave.
to sterilize some wasted glan
9.5 Heat and dry various objects
wares.
using oven.
9.6 Describe and apply the various Student to note and submit a
description of the demonstration
procedures in the routine
exercise.
maintenance and minor repairs of
autoclave, oven and other laboratory Calibrate an autoclave.
heating apparatus.
General Objective 10: Know the maintenance of cooling equipment in the laboratory
Refrigerator
Laboratory identification of
10.1 Identify apparatus for cooling
Freeze drier ice making
e.g. refrigerator, freeze drier, water apparatus.
machine etc.
circulators, ice making machine etc. Lecture
10.2 Explain the principle of
freezing.
Lecture
10.3 Explain the different application Ensure that each student get
of cooling system in 10.1 above
access to the apparatus lighted in
10.4 Identify the various parts of the 10.1 above.
apparatus in 10.1 above.
10.5 Describe and apply the
procedure for the routine
maintenance and minor repair of the
apparatus in 10.1 above.
General Objective 11: Know the maintenance of temperature measurement equipment
Get students involved for practical Thermometer
11.1 Identify apparatus for
Thermocouples
identification of measuring
temperature measurement e.g.
pyrometers etc.
equipment on display.
thermometer, pyrometers,
Lecture
thermocouples.
11.2 Explain the operating principles Ask students to convert from one Water basin burner
of temperature measuring devices scale to another.
thermometer etc.
listed in 11.1 above.
11.3 Distinguish between the
Take temperature of some
various temperature scales e.g.
liquids/solid substances using the
Fahrenheit, Kelvin, Celsius etc.
different types of temperature
11.4 Measure temperature stating
measuring equipment and
result in various units listed in 11.3 compare readings.

Specific
Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources
activities

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Week/s

above.
11.5 Describe and apply the
procedure for the routine
maintenance and minor repair of the
apparatus identified in 11.1 above.
General Objective 12: Understand microtomy and the maintenance of microtomy tools
Rocking, microtome
Lecture
12.1 Identify different types of
Rotatory sledge, microtome
Practical - Display and explain
microsomes.
different in crotons e.g. rocking, etc.
12.2 Identify the different parts of
Microtome knives.
Rotatory sledge, sliding etc.
microsomes and explain their
Sharpening some wax
Draw and label at least one.
functions.
tissue.
12.3 Explain the working principles Lecture and illustration
Honing and stropping tools.
Sharpen microtome knife
of microsomes.
12.4 Identify types of knives used in Lecture
Practical - prepare an embedment
microsomy.
of plant or animal tissue.
12.5 Sharpen microtone knives.
Section the embedded tissue
12.6 Describe wax embedded
using one of the microtomes
tissue.
above.
12.7 Cut sections
12.8 Identify faults in section cutting Lecture
Practical - sharpen and smoothen
and remedy the faults.
12.9 Explain the care of microtomes blunt microtome knife.
and knives.
General Objective 13: Know basic electrical appliances
Dry cell
Lecture
13.1 Explain the following terms.
Generating set
Alternative correct and direct current Display Dry cells etc.
NEPA
supplies. Low tension and high
tension.
Lecture and demonstration
13.2 List one example of the
Colour code
Lecture & practical show colour
sources or supply listed in 13.1
Charts
coded wires and resistors to
above.
Fuses
students.
13.3 Identify various types of
Read resistor values for students. Relays
distribution and connection.
Cut out etc.
Assignment.
13.4 Identify the standard colour
S.P.D.T. and D.P.S.T.
Lecture and illustrate
code.
Construct with students on boards switches relays etc.

Specific
Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources
activities

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Week/s

Switches, relays, wires,
S.P.D.T., D.P.S.T. wirings.
13.5 Explain the result of wrong
bulbs, sockets etc.
Test (i) with fuse on (ii) without
wiring.
Symbols chart.
fuse.
13.6 Identify the different types of
Display charts of electrical
wiring.
components.
13.7 Explain the methods and
Students to transfer in to their
importance of proper earning.
notices.
13.8 Identify different types of
switches single pull double throw
(SPDT), Double pull single throw
(DPST) control gear, relays, cut outs
etc.
13.9 Identify current types of
protective devices e.g. relays cut
outs fuses etc.
13.10 Draw symbols of electrical
component.
13.11 Apply such symbols in 13.10
above for circuit diagram.
General Objective 14: Understand the care and maintenance of audio-visual equipment
Tape recorders compact
Cleaning of lens
14.1 Describe the methods of
disc
routine maintenance of (i) overhead Screen, body etc.
camera
projectors (ii) lenses, recording and Oiling of moving parts
films etc.
Demonstrate use.
playback heads of tape recorders
Lecture
and compact disc.
14.2 Undertake proper care and
routine maintenance of the items
listed in 14.1 above.
14.3 Mend tapes and films.

Assessment:
Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Practical 40 %; Examination 50 %
Recommended Textbooks & References:

Specific
Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources
activities

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NDI 2ND Semester
Course: Cell Biology
Department/Programme: National Diploma
Course: Cell Biology Course Code: STB 121 Credit Hours:
Year: Semester:
Pre-requisite:
Theoretical: 2 hours/week
Practical:
3 hours /week
General Objectives

1. Understand the cell of as the basic unit of life
2. Know the composition of the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell
3. Know the different types of cell division and their significance
4. Understand Chemical reactions in a cell
5. Know the different types of specialized cells and their functions
6. Understand the process of photosynthesis
7. Understand the process of respiration

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities Resources

Specific Learning Outcomes

General Objective 1 Understand the cell of as the basic unit of life
Video films,
1.1 Explain the cell as a unit of Life. Lecture with
monographs
assignments
1.2 Describe cell inclusions and
involving
organelles.
interpretation
1.3 Explain the functions of cell
Salt solutions
questions.
organelles in 1.2 above.
1.4 Differentiate between
prokaryotic and eucaryotic cells.
1.5 Differentiate between animal
and plant cells.
1.6 Describe experimentally the
effects of hypertonic, hypotonic and
isotonic solutions on the cell
plasma

Practical Content
Teacher's
activities

Examine and draw single celled animal
and plants under the microscope;
Amoeba, paramecium, plasmodium,
chlamydomonas, chlorella, spyrohyra.

Laboratory examination of different cells
and cell inclusions

Observation of effect of hypertonic
isotonic and hypertonic solution on cell
plasma
General Objectives 2 Know the composition of the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell
Electron,
Observe and draw samples of plant and
Lecture with
2.1 Describe the structure and
Micrograph
animal cells from appropriate sources,
functions of the components of cell demonstration.
under the microscope viz, cheek cells,
Description of
nucleus.
blood cells, epidermis of Allium virginiana
component of cell
2.2 Draw the cytoplasm and its
leaf.
nucleus, structures of
components as revealed by an
DNA, RNA.
electron micrograph.
Explanation of
2.3 Describe the structure and
building blocks of
functions of DNA and RNA.
sugar and protein
2.4 Explain the building blocks of
nucleic acid (nucleotides), sugar,
phosphoric acid.
2.5 Describe the biochemical
components of the cytoplasm and
the nucleus.
2.6 Describe the replication of the
DNA molecules and significance of
the replication.
2.7 Explain the role of the RNA in
protein synthesis.

Supervised
microscopic
examination

Resources

Microscopes

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities Resources

Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
activities

General Objective 3: Know the different types of cell division and their significance
Motion
Observe and draw different stages of
Use questions and
3.1 Explain cell division
mitotic shown by root apart and root top of
answer techniques. pictures
3.2 Identify various types of cell
charts
onion Allium cepa under the microscope.
divisions
3.3 Define mitosis
Give assignments
3.4 Describe the stages of mitotic
divisions.
Explanation of
significance of mitotic
and meiotic divisions
Observe and draw different stages of
3.5 Define meiosis
meiosis under the microscopes
3.6 Describe the stages of meiotic
divisions
3.7 Compare and contrast mitotic
and meiotic divisions
Explain the significance of mitotic and
meiotc divisions to plant and animals
General Objective 4: Understand Chemical reactions in a Cell
Charts and
Investigate effects of different pH values
Lectures
4.1 Explain the importance of
standard
on solubility of proteins
hydrogen ions concentration (pH),
texts.
buffers, crystalloids, colloids
Give assignments
suspension to cell.
Measure enzyme activity at different pH
4.2 Explain the importance of water
values
Explaining the role of
to normal life functioning
the various
4.3 List the chemical substances
components
(organics and inorganic in the cell e.g.
enzymes of biological importance.
4.4 Explain the role of the following
components in the cell: (a)
carbohydrates (b) lipids (c) Proteins
(d) Ribonucleic acid.
4.5 Describe the chemical structure
of carbohydrates: simple sugar,
monosaccharides, disaccharides,
polysaccharides.
4.6 Describe the basic unit of
proteins its structures and function.

Resources

Demonstration
and lectures

Microscopes

Supervise
microscopic
examinations

Microscopes

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities Resources

Practical Content
Teacher's
activities
Extract DNA from split peas or any other
plant or animal source
Specific Learning Outcomes

Explain the memory
4.7 Explain glycerides and fatty
of phospholipids,
acid, groups as the two major
RNA and DNA and
building blocks of FND
their differences
4.8 Explain phospholipids.
4.9 Explain ribonucleic acid (RNA)
and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
4.10 Explain differences and
significance of DNA and RNA in
protein synthesis
General Objective 5: Know the different types of specialized cells and their functions
Prepare and examine slides of plants and
5.1 List various types of cells e.g.
animals tissue under the microscope
meristematic cells,
parenchymations,
schlerenchymations, collenchyma,
Identify the location of the above cells in
bone marrows, blood and bone
the body.
cells, etc.
5.2 Define a tissue.
5.3 Describe the structure and
composition of the following tissue:brain, bone, blood, etc and vascular
bundles in plants.
5.4 List the functions of the various
tissues describes above.
General Objective 6: Understand the process of photosynthesis
Separate pigments using
6.1 1. Explain with relevant
chromatographic methods
equations, the process of
photosynthesis
6.2 Describe the structure of the
Show that plans will grow in an
chloroplast.
atmosphere that has been depleted of
6.3 Explain the importance of the
oxygen
stoma and gramma in chloroplast.
6.4 Describe the light and dark
stages of photosynthesis.
6.5 List the products of
photosynthesis.
6.6 List and explain the factors

Resources

Alcohol, peas, meat
tenderiser, blender

propanone
cut leaves
chromatography
paper
Bell jar
plants, lights
candle

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities Resources

affecting photosynthesis.
6.7 Describe starch formation
during photosynthesis.
6.8 Explain the importance of
carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
6.9 Describe the structure and role
of chlorophyll in photosynthesis.
6.10 Explain the role of oxygen and
light photosynthesis
General Objectives: 7 Understand the process of Respiration
Classroom
7.1 Explain the process of
respiration with relevant equation. Lectures
7.2 List the differences between
aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
7.3 Describe the process of
Glycolysis.
7.4 Explain the net ATP produced
during glycolysis.
7.5 Explain the process of Krebs
citric acid cycle
7.6 List the net ATP produced
during Krebs CYCLE
7.7 Compare the ATP produced in
Glycolysis with the produced in
Kreb's cycle.
7.8 Explain the role of the
mitochondrion in respiration.
7.9 Compare tissue respiration with
fermentation.
7.10 List and explain the factors
affecting respiration
General Objectives 8 Understand the process of Transpiration
8.1 Define transpiration in plants.
8.2 List the different types of
transpiration in plants.
8.3 Differentiate between

Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
activities

Show experimentally that germinating
seeds producing heat.

Resources

Lime water
respirometer seeds
and green plants

Show experimentally that carbon dioxide
is produced by green plants during
respiration

Measure rate of transpiration in plants by
using a photometer

Photometer green
plants

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities Resources

Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
activities

transpiration and guttation
8.4 Explain the mechanism of
stomatal movement in plants
8.5 Explain the importance of
transpiration to plants.
List and explain the factors
affecting transpiration in plants
General Objectives 9 Understand the process of translocation in plants
Investigate translocation by using dyes
9.1 Explain the process of
translocation in plants.
9.2 List evidences to support
translocation through the phloem.
9.3 Draw the structure of the
phloem in relation to translocation.
9.4 Explain the mechanism of
translocation in relation to the
cytoplasmic streaming, pressure
mass flow theory and active
transport.
List and explain the factors
affecting translocation.
General Objectives 10 Know the process of ion absorption in plants
Grow plants in the presence and absence
10.1 List the ions that are important
of essential ions
to plant.
10.2 Explain the mechanism of ion
absorption in plants
10.3 List and explain the factors
affecting ion absorption plants.
General Objectives 11 Know the process of water absorption in plants
Collect classify and preserve selected
11.1 Explain diagrammatically the
examples of Algae(e.g. Spirogyra), Fungi
path of water movement from the
root hairs to the endodermis.
(Mucor & Pythium), Mosses (e.g. Funaria)
Explain various theories to support
& Ferns (e.g. Pteris spp, Dryopteris etc
water movement up to the leaf e.g.
root pressure and transpirational
pull

Resources

Food, farmland,
Culture, Botanical
garden etc
microscope

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities Resources
General Objectives 12 Understand the process of growth
12.1 Define growth.
12.2 Explain the growth regions
and phases of growth
12.3 List the parameters used to
assess growth e.g. dry weight,
fresh weight, leaf area etc.
List and explain the factors
affecting growth.
General Objectives 13 Understand movement in plants
13.1 Define movement.
13.2 List the two main types of
movements in plants, locomotion
and that of curvature.
13.3 Explain the various kinds of
movements e.g. Tropism, Taxism
etc.
13.4 List and explain the conditions
necessary for movements in plants.
13.5 Explain experimentally,
phototropism, geotropism,
hydrotropism, chemo tropism, and
thermo tropism in plants.
13.6 Explain auxins and the role in
plant movement.

Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
activities

Continue above activity

Collect, classify and Preserve selected
samples of Crymnosperms (e.g. Cylas
revolute), monocotyledoras (e.g. Guinea
grass, maize, palms etc) and
Dicotyledons (e.g. Hibiscus, crotolaria,
citrus, triad, mangoes, cashews etc).

Assessment:
Coursework/Assignments 10%; Practical 40 %; Examination 50%
Recommended Textbooks & References:

Biology: A Functional Approach, by Michael Roberts, Nelson Thornes (Publishers) Ltd

Resources

Food, farmland,
Culture, Botanical
garden etc
microscope

Course: Organic Chemistry I
Department/Programme: National Diploma
Course: Organic Chemistry I
Course Code: STC 121
Year: Semester:
Pre-requisite:

Credit Hours:
Theoretical:
Practical:

2 hours/week
3 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand the classification of organic compounds
2. Understand bonding: reactions and application of aliphatic hydrocarbons
3. Know the: chemical properties, preparations and uses of monosubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbons
4. Understand the general methods of petroleum refining

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's Resources Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities
Week/s
activities
General Objective 1: Understand the classification organic compounds
Lectures
Classroom Determine qualitatively the elements Guide and supervise
1.1 List the major classification of
students
resources
present in an organic compound.
organic compounds by functional
groups.
1.2 Define homologous series as
Identify functional groups in organic
consisting of compounds with each
compounds via qualitative chemical
successive member differing with tests (reactions)
CH2 1.3 State the members of a
homologous series and their
physical properties.
1.4 Define the functional group.
1.5 Identify functional groups in
alkanols, alkanals, alkanones,
armines, alkanoic, acids, phenols,
nitriles ethers, esters, amides etc.
1.6 Draw structures for the
functional groups in 1.5 above.
1
1.7 Understand that Infra Red
spectroscopy is used to identify
functional groups in an organic
compound. To which end:
1.1. Explain the properties of light,
including frequency, wavelength
and energy
1.2. Discuss the electromagnetic
spectrum
1.3. Relate the energy associated
with the IR region of the
electromagnetic spectrum to
molecular streching, vibrations and
rotation.
1.4. Relate the energy of absorption
to the different functional groups.
1.5. Give the students tables of
characteristic streching frequencies.

Resources

Chemicals test tubes

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's Resources
Week/s
activities
General Objective 2: Understand Bonding: Reactions and
2.1 Explain the bonding in carbon
Lectures
Classroom
3
atom as Sp hybridized in alkane.
resources
2.2 State the general formula,
CnH2n+2 to represent alkanes
2.3 Name alkanes by using the
IUPAC nomenclature
2
2.4 List the industrial uses of
alkanes.
2.5 List natural sources of alkanes
2.6 State the general formula,
CnH2n to represent alkenes
2.7 Explain the bonding in carbon
2
atom as Sp hybridized in alkene
Lectures
Blackboard
2.8 Explain the existence of cisChalk
trans isomerism in alkenes.
duster
2.9 Draw cis-trans isomeric
Lectures
structures as in butene.
2.10 Use IUPAC nomenclature to
Blackboard
name alkenes
Chalk
2.11 Represent the addition
duster
reactions of simple alkenes by
means of chemical equation e.g.
with Br2 HBr and H2.
3
2.12 Undrestand the use of curly
arrows to represent reaction
mechanisms
2.13 Use curly arrows to show the
mechanism of the above addition
reactions of alkenes
2.14 Explain the use of alkenes in
the production of polymers e.g.
PVC, polyethene polystyrene etc

Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Application of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Teacher guides and
Use IR specroscopy to identify
functional groups in unknown organic supervises students in
the laboratory
compounds and to identify organic
compounds from a list of possibilities.

prepare polystyrene from stryrene in
the laboratory

Teacher guides and
supervises students in
the laboratory

Resources

Glassware
Chemicals
(bromine or bromine water,
cyclohexene, or similar
Solvents

styrene dodecanoyl peroide
toluene, balance, source of
hot water

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's Resources Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities
Week/s
activities
Purify an organic compound by
2.15 Explain that the carbon in
recrystallisation
alkynes is Sp hybridized.
2.16 Represent the addition reaction
of alkynes by means of simple
equation e.g. reaction with H2. Br2
and HBr..
2.17 Describe chemical tests for the
4
unsaturation in alkenes and
alkynes.
2.18 Describe the industrial uses of
alkynes e.g. production of
oxyacetylene flame, production of
vinyl chloride in the production of
polymers.
General Objective 3: Know the chemical properties preparations and uses of monosubstituted aliphatic
Supervise, guide
Lectures
Blackboard Either :Carry out the experimental
3.1 State the functional group of
students and explain
Chalk
dehydration of cyclohexanol (or
alkanol as - OH
reactions
duster
similar) by using concentrated
3.2 State the general formula of
sulphuric acid and heat.
alkanols as ROH.
3.3 Apply the IUPAC system in
naming monohydric alkanols.
Or: Carry out hydration of
3.4 Illustrate isomerism (including
cyclohexene or similar by using dilute
enantiomers) in monohydric
sulphuric acid
alkanols.
5
3.5 Outline the methods of
preparation of monohydric alkanols.
3.6 Describe the physical properties
of alkanols
3.7 Describe each of the following
reactions of monohydric alkanol:
esterification; dehydration;
oxidation; and alkoxide formation

Resources

Acetanilide
may be made impur by
adding small amounts of
Bismark brown and it
recrystallises well from
water.

Cyclohexanol, or alcohol,
sulphuric acid, source of
heating,
Cyclohexanol, or alcohol,
sulphuric acid, source of
heating,

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
Lectures
3.8 Use curly arrows to show the
mechanism of dehydration and
reaction of an alcohol with an acyl
chloride.
3.9 Specify the conditions for the
reactions in 3.7 above.
3.10 Explain that alkanol could be
mono or polyhydric.
o
o
3.11 Classify alkanols as 1 , 2 and
o
3 alkanols.
3.12 State the general formular for
6
o
o
o
the 1 , 2 and 3 alkanols with
examples
3.13 Differentiate between the
o
o
o
product of oxidation of 1 , 2 and 3
alkanols.
3.14 Describe the
manufacture/industrial preparation
of some common alkanols e.g
methanol, ethanol.
3.15 Describe the industrial uses of
alkanols.
3.16 Relate Haloalkanes to alkanes Lectrure
structurally.
3.17 Classify given haloalkanes as
mono or polysubstituted.
3.18 Name haloalkanes IUPAC.
3.19 Outline methods of preparation
of haloalkanes.
7
3.20 State the physical properties of
haloalkanes.
3.21 Describe the reactions of
haloalkanes with aqueous alkali,
alcoholic KCN, alcoholic ammonia
and magnesium metal.
3.22 Use curly arrows to show the
mechanisms of the SN2 reaction

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Blackboard Purify isopropanol by distillation (use
Chalk
a heating mantle)
duster
and identify the product by its boiling
point

Prepare n-octane from 1bromooctane via the Grignard
reaction.
Purify the product (octane) by
distillation (use a heating mantle) and
identify the product by its boiling point

Resources

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
between a haloalkane and
hydroxide ion.
3.23 State equations for the
reactions in 3.21 above.
3.24 List examples of the uses of
haloalkanes in the synthesis of
organometallics such as Grignard
reagent and Reformatski reagent
Lectures
Aldehydes
3.25 State the functional group in
aldehyde as - CHO.
3.26 State the general formula of
aldehydes as RCHO.
3.27 Write the structures for simple
aldehyde such as methanal,
ethanal, propanal
3.28 Describe the preparation of
aldehyde by oxidation of alkanols.
3.29 Describe the following
8
reactions of aldehyde - Nucleophilic
addition, oxidation, reduction
3.30 Write the mechanism of
Nucleophilic addition reactions in
aldehyde.
3.31 Write equation for each of the
other reactions specified in 3.29
above.
3.32 Describe the uses of some
common aldehyde
Ketones.
Lectures
3.33 Write structural formula of
Ketones e.g. propanone butanone
etc.
9
3.34 Outline the methods of
preparation of Ketones e.g.
o
oxidation of 2 alcohols.
3.35 Describe the following

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes

Blackboard Identify two unknown aldehydes by
Chalk
synthesising dinitrophenylhydrazone
duster
derivatives, purify by recrystallisation
and obtaining melting point

Blackboard Distinguish between aldehydes and
Chalk
ketones by using chemical reactions
duster
and identify the ketone via formation
of the hydrazone as above

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
reactions of alkanones:
Condensation, oxidation and
nucleophilic addition.
3.36 Describe the industrial uses of
alkanones e.g. as solvents.
Lectures
Carboxylic Acids
3.37 Write the functional group of
carboxylic acids as- COOH.
3.38 Write the general formula for
saturated alkanoic acids as
CnH2nCOOH or RCOOH and give
examples.
3.39 Describe structures for
carboxyl functional groups.
3.40 Compare the acidity of
10
carboxylic acids with other acids.
3.41 Describe methods of
preparation of alkanoic acids.
3.42 Select suitable reagents and
conditions for the oxidation of an
alkanol to alkanoic acid from a list of
possible alternatives.
3.43 Describe the industrial
preparation of ethanoic acid by the
catalytic air oxidation of
acetaldehyde (ethanal).
3.44 Write equations for the
conversion of alkanoic acid to ester.
3.45 State conditions for the
reactions in 3.47 above.
3.46 Describe other reactions of
alkanoic acid such as neutralization,
11
reduction, halogenation, amide
formation.
3.47 Write equation for each of the
reactions in 3.49 above.
3.48 Use curly arrows to show the

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Blackboard Separate an organic acid from a
Chalk
mixture of an orgaic acid and a
duster
neutral organic compound. Extract the
acid into alkali, acidify and extract into
organic solvent.
Recrystallise and identify the acid by
its melting point.

Carry out an acid base reaction
between an organic acid and an
organic base (in solvennt) to give an
ammonium carboxylate salt.

Resources

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's Resources Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities
Week/s
activities
acid-base reaction.
3.49 Describe important industrial
uses of some alkanoic acids.
Lectures
Blackboard Preparation of salicylaic acid from oil Guide stiudents
Esters
Chalk
of wintergreen
3.46 write the functional group of
duster
esters as COOR.
3.47 Write the general formula of
esters as RCOOR and give
examples.
3.48 Name esters using the IUPAC
system.
3.49 Describe the preparation of
ester by the reaction of alkanols
with alkanoic acids. and with
alkanoyl chlorides
12-13 3.50 Describe with equations the
effect of each of the following
reagents on esters; mineral acids,
caustic alkali, ammonia, L1 ALH4
3.51 Write the equation for
saponification reaction
3.52 Use curly arrow notation to
show the mechanism of the
saponification of esters
3.53 Describe the important uses of
esters
3.54 Explain that oils, fat, waxes
and some lipids are esters.
General Objective: 4 Understand general methods of petroleum refining
Guide and supervise
Lectures
Classroom measure the specific gravity of a
Petroleum Refining
students.
resources
range of alkanes, alcohols, and oil
4.1 Outline the origin of petroleum
products such as motor oil, diesel and
4.2 State the types of crude oil in
petrol and relate results to structures.
14-15 terms of specific gravity or nature of
hydrocarbon present.
4.3 Outline the constituents of crude
oil.
4.4 Describe following refining

Resources

methyl salicylate sodium
hydroxide
water bath, bunsen etc

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
processes:a) Separation processes:
(i) Fractional distillation
(ii) Vacuum distillation
Lectures
(iii) Solvent extraction
(iv) Absorption
b) Conversion processes:
(i) hydrotreating
(ii) catalytic refining
(iii) catalytic cracking

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes

Blackboard Cracking Alkanes
Chalk
duster

4.5 List the products obtained from
primary distillation of crude oil. Gas
fraction, naphtha fraction, kerosene
fraction, light gas, oil heavy gas oil
residue.
Assessment:
Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Practical 40% Examination 50%
Recommended Textbooks & References:

Organic Chemistry by McMurray. 6th edition. Thompson/Brooks-Cole.
Classic Chemistry Experiments published by The Royal Society of Chemistry (UK) and free on the internet at
http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/classic_exp.htm
Salters Advanced Chemistry Activities and Assessment Pack published by Heinemann
Chemistry by M.J. Sienko and R.A. Plane (Mc Graw Hill)
Chemistry (The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change) by M.S. Silberberg published by Mc Graw Hill
Small scale synthesis by M.Zanger and J.R.McKee published by Wm.C.Brown

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Supervise and guide
students in the
laboratory and explain
safety requirements and
what is happening in the
experiment

Resources

Catalyst (Al2O3, or broken
unglazed porcelain or
pumice or zeolite) higher
alkanes (Vaseline etc) test
tubes, rubber bungs,
Bunsen burner

Course: Physical Chemistry
Department/ Programme: National Diploma
Subject/Course: Physical Chemistry
Year: ND I Semester: 2

Course Code: STC 122
Pre-requisite:

Credit Hours:
Theoretical:
Practical:

2 hours/week
3 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand the relationship between energy distribution within a reacting system and the factors which affect rate of reaction
2. Understand basic concepts in electrochemistry.
3. Understand the effect of solutes on the properties of solvents.
4. Understand colligative properties of solutions

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities Resources
Week/s
activities
General Objective 1: Understand the relationship between energy distribution within a reacting system and the factors which affect rate of
reaction
Guide and supervise flasks stop-clock
Lectures
Classroom measure and plot the effect of
1. Define reaction rate
thermometer Bunsen
students
resources
temperature on the reaction
2. Average, Instantaneous, and Initial
between sodium thiosulphate and (rate is measured by measuring cylinders
Rate
placing an x on paper chemicals
dilute hydrochloric acid.
3. Explain the effect of the following
beneath the reaction)
factors on the rate of reaction: (a)
temperature, (b) concentration (or
pressure of gas), (d) catalysis
1
4. Express rate in terms of reactant and
product concentrations
5. Explain order of reaction viz:
first order reactions;
6. second order reactions
7. Explain why the order of reaction is
commonly a whole number such as 0,1
or 2.
As above but use different
measure and plot the effect of
8. Explain the rate law and its
concentrations of sodium
concentration on the reaction
components
thiosulphate
between sodium thiosulphate and
9. Give the rate law for zero, first and
dilute hydrochloric acid
second order reactions
10. Be able to use the zero, first and
second order rate equations
11. Interpret rate data to obtain order
2
with respect to one of the reactants.
12. Interpret rate data to obtain rate
constants for reactions
13. Interpret rate data to obtain half life
for first order reactions.
14. Explain integrated rate law
15. Discuss reaction mechanisms and
molecularity
Use the iodine clock method to
potassium peroxodisulphate
16. Discuss the rate determining step
find the order of a reaction.
VI, sodium thiosulphate
of a reaction mechanism
3
potassium iodide, test
17. Correlate reaction mechanisms with
tubes, burettes,
the rate law
thermometers etc
18. Explain energy of activation

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities
Week/s
activities
19. Describe transition states and the
molecular nature of the activated state
20. Explain the characteristics of a
catalyst
21. Explain the theories of
heterogeneous catalyst and that of
continuous formation and
decomposition of unstable intermediate
compounds.
General Objective 2: Understand basic concepts in electrochemistry.
Lectures
Classroom Use UV/Vis spectrophotometer to Guide and supervise
1. Explain Faraday's laws of
students
resources
measure initial rates for the
electrolysis.
hydrolysis of a range of
2. Explain Arrhenius theory of
concentrations of nitrophenyl
electrolytic dissociation.
acetate at pH 8
3. Distinguish between electrolytic and
and determine pseudo first order
metallic conduction.
rate constant and true rate
4. Explain specific and molar
4
constant.
conductivity.
5. Describe the measurement of specific
conductance and equivalent
conductance.
6. Explain conductance.
7. Distinguish between electrolysis and
electrophoresis
Guide and supervise
Investigate a catalysed reaction
8. Describe electrodes and
(enzyme catalyst) and determine students
electrosystem with special reference to
the effect of enzyme and
standard hydrogen electrode.
substrate concentrations on the
9. Discuss two and three electrode
(rate is measured by
rate of the reaction.
systems
using an inverted
10. Define electrode potential as the
5
burette to measure
driving force with which metals lose
the volume of oxygen
Part 1 = varying enzyme
electrons from solution containing their
produced.
concentration
ions.
11. Explain Redox potential
12. Explain Nernst Equation:

Resources

Nitrophenyl acetate, buffer
solutions, UV spectrometer
glassware etc

Catalase (yeast suspension
made from 2g dried yeast in
160 ml water aerated for
several hours)
Burette test tubes etc

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

13. E = E o + 0.0591 log k
N
o
Where E=Cell Emf, E = Standard Emf
, N = number of electrons transferred, K
= equilibrium constant
Part 2 = varying substrate
14. Discuss galvanic systems - theory
concentration to obtain the
and applications
saturation kinetics curve
15. Discuss modes of mass transport diffusion, migration, convection
16. Discuss the electrical double layer
and its limitations
17. Discuss half-cell reactions
18. Discuss redox reactions
19. Explain the difference between
chemical and electrochemical
reversibility
General Objective 3: Understand the effect of solutes on the Properties of solvents.
Guide and supervise
Lecture and Classroom Construction of an
1. Define vapour pressure of liquids.
students.
give
Resources. electrochemical cells,
2. Explain the relative lowering of
measurement of resulting emf and
vapour pressure of the solvent by the assignment.
arrangement of metals in order of
present of a non-volatile solute.
reactivity.
3. State Raoult's law with the
appropriate equation.
4. Express Raoult's law with the
appropriate equation.
5. Relate the relative lowering of
vapour pressure of dilute solution to the
molecular concentration of the solute.
6. Determine from Raoult's law the
molecular weight of solute given the
pressures of the solvent and solution.
7. Define an ideal solution as one that
obeys Raoult's law over the whole
range of concentration.

Resources

voltmeter crocodile clips
sodium chloride solution
strips of: zinc, copper, lead,
iron, magnesium,

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
8. Define boiling point of a liquid as the
temperature at which its vapour
pressure equals the atmospheric
pressure.
9. Draw the diagram of vapour
pressure against temperature for pure
solvent and solution.
10. Define the ebulliioscopic constant,
K, as the boiling point elevation
produced if one gram molecule of any
solute were dissolved in 1,000 grams of
solvent.
11. Write an equation relating K to
8
boiling point elevation ΔT and the
molarity of solution.
12. ΔT = KW where ΔT = boiling point
elevation
W = mass of solute in 1,000g of solvent
and
M = molecular mass of solute
13. Explain the problems involved in
the measurement of boiling point
elevation, viz super heating,
dependence of boiling point on
pressure.
14. Describe the following methods of Lectures
measuring elevation of boiling point.
15. Landsbergers
16. Cottrell's and
17.Beckmann's
18. Explain depression of freezing
9
point.
19. Define the cryoscopic constant K as
the freezing point depression produced
if one grammes - molecule of any
solute dissolved in 1,000 grams of
solvent.

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes

Classroom
resources

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Quantitative Electrolysis: relating
the amount of metal removed
from an electrode to electric
current and time.

Power supply, ammeter
beaker copper cathode
copper anode copperII
sulphate

Construction of copper/copper
sulphate half cell, zinc/zinc
sulphate half cell and iron/iron
sulphate half cell. Connect via salt
bridge and measure emf

high resistance voltmeter
metals and solutions,
beakers filter papers
soaked in potassium nitrate
V solution

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities

20. Use the formula ΔT = KW where
ΔT = depression of freezing point
K = Cryoscopic constant
W = Mass of solute in 1,000 grams
solvent
M= Molecular mass of solute
21. Calculate relative molecular mass Lectures
of solute using the formula above.
22. Explain the problems involved in the
measurement of freezing point
depression especially that of super
cooling.
23. Describe the following methods of
measuring depression of freezing point
e.g. Rasts method and Beckmann's
method.
24. Define osmosis
25. Define osmotic pressure
26. State and explain the Laws of
Osmosis
27. Derive the formula v = RT where =
Osmotic pressure, V = Volume of
Solution containing one gram of solute,
R = Universal gas constant T =
absolute temperature.
28. Calculate molecular mass using the
equation in above.
29. Describe methods for the
measurement of Osmotic pressure.
30. Define colligative properties.
31. List natural examples of Osmosis.
32. Describe the relationship between
osmotic pressure and vapour pressure.
33. Explain the interrelationship of the
Colligative properties of a solution.
34. Explain phase, phase rule and
various degrees of freedom)

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes

Classroom
resources

Determine the relative molecular
mass of a solute dissolved in a
given weight of solvent using
equation 3.11 above.

Measure the elevation of boiling
point by Rasts method.

Measure the elevation of boiling
point by the Landsberger's
method.

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Demonstrate and
Guide the students

Resources

Calorimeters
Bunsen burner

Glassware
thermometer

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes
Week/s
activities
35. Explain phase equilibria exemplified
by 1 and 2 component system.
General Objective 4: Understand Colligative Properties of Solutions
Lectures
Classroom Measure the following in the
1. Define colligative properties
Resources. laboratory:
2. List natural examples of Osmosis
Lowering of vapour pressure
3. Describe the relationship between
elevation of boiling point
osmotic pressure and vapour pressure.
13
depression of freezing point.
4. Explain the interrelationship of the
Determine relative molecular
Colligative properties of a solution.
mass of substance
5. Explain colligative properties
namely:lowering of vapour pressure
elevation of boiling point
depression of freezing point
osmotic pressure
6. Describe various methods of
measuring vapour density:vapour pressure
effect of solute on vapour pressure
14-15 effect of solute on boiling point
effect of solute on freezing point
osmotic pressure
7. Calculate molecular weight of
solutes from expressions derived from
Roults' law on lowering of vapour
pressure.
8. Calculate the molecular weight of
solutes from expression derived from
elevation of boiling point and
depression of freezing point.

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Calorimeter
Glassware
Thermometers

Assessment:
Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Practical 40 %; Examination 50 %
Recommended Textbooks & References:

Chemistry by M.J. Sienko and R.A. Plane (Mc Graw Hill)
Chemistry (The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change) by M.S. Silberberg published by Mc Graw Hill
Classic Chemistry Experiments published by The Royal Society of Chemistry (UK) and free on the internet at
http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/classic_exp.htm
Salters Advanced Chemistry Activities and Assessment Pack published by Heinemann

Course: Electricity and Magnetism
Department/Programme: National Diploma Science Laboratory Technology.
Course: Electricity and Magnetism Course Code: STP 121 Credit Hours:
Year: 1 Semester: 2
Pre-requisite:
Theoretical: 2 hours/week
Practical:
3 hours /week
General Objectives

1. Understand the concept of static electricity.
2. Understand capacitance and the use of capacitors in d.c. circuits.
3. Understand the behaviour of moving charges in conditions,
4. Understand the chemical effects of electric current.
5. Understand the concepts of magnetic field.

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
General Objective 1:
Demonstrate the action
Solve numerical
1.1 Describe the principles of
of the Van de Graff
problems and give
electrostatics shielding.
generator.
assignment.
1.2 State Coulomb's law.
1.3 Explain the principles of
operation of the Van de Graff
Lecture.
generator.
1.4 State the expression for
Coulomb's force in a medium of
permitivity ε
q1 − q2
F=
4Π εr 2
1
1.5 Calculate the resultant force
between two or more charges
using coulomb's law:
1.6 Draw lines of force due to:-

i) an isolated
point charge
ii) two similar
charges
iii) two unlike
charges.

1.7 Define Electric field intensity.
1.8 Calculate field intensity due to
a point charge and a dipole.
1.9 Explain the terms electrostatic
potential, potential difference and
electron volt.
1.10 Explain the meaning of
potential gradient.
1.11 State the relation between
electric potential gradient and
electric field.
1.12 Calculate the force and
acceleration of an electron placed

Lecture and solve Classroom
resources.
some simple
numerical
problems and give
assignment.

Practical Content
Teacher's activities
Resources

Students should be involved Van de Graff generator.
in the demonstration of the
Van de Graff generator.

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
in electric fields of know
intensities.
1.13 Calculate the work done in
bringing closer two positively or
negatively part charges placed at
a distance apart.
1.14 Calculate the potential and
electric field between any two of
three charges placed respectively
at the corners of an equilateral
triangle of known dimension.
General Objective 2.0: Understand capacitance and the use of capacitors in d.c. circuits
Capacitors
Lecture
Classroom Identification of
Students should be shown
resources. different types of
different types of capacitors.
2.1 Explain the meaning of
capacitors.
capacitor.
2.2 Define capacitance.
2.3 Describe the different types of
capacitors.
2.4 List the uses of the capacitor
3
2.5 Explain the factors affecting
the capacitance of the parallel
plate capacitor (Area, distance
and dielectric material).
2.6 Define permitivity and relative
permitivity (or dielectric constant)
Explain Dielectric strength of a
medium
Charge and discharge Demonstrate the charging of
2.7 Write the expression for the Lecture
a capacitor using a resistor.
a capacitor using a
capacitance of a parallel plate
resistor.
Solve some
capacitor ( c = εA where d is the
Demonstrate the discharge
simple numerical
d
of a capacitor through a
Demonstrate the
4-5
distance between the plates, A is problems using
ballistic galvanometer resistor.
the expressions.
the surface
method of comparing
area of the plate and e is the
two capacitances of
The student should perform
permittivity of the
two capacitors.
the experiment to compare
medium between the plates.

Resources

Mica, paraffin, waxed, electrolytic,
paper, ceramic, variable air
capacitors, etc

Large capacitor, Large resistor,
Micro ammeter, two-way key,
source of EMF and wire
connectors.
Ballistic galvanometer, two
electrical switches, source of
EMF, two capacitors (one
standard capacitor) wire

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
2.8 Write the expressions for the
equivalent capacitance of series
and parallel arrangements of
capacitors:
1
1
1 (for serials
=
+
c c1 c 2
arrangement)
c = c1 + c2 (for parallel
arrangement)
2.9 Write an expression for the
energy stored in a capacitor
2.10 Calculate the equivalent
values of capacitors placed in (i)
series (ii) parallel
2.11 Calculate the energy stored
in a capacitor.
General Objective 3.0: Understand the Behaviour of moving charges in conductors
Direct Current
Lecture
Classroom Identify different types
resources. of resistors
3.1 Explain why metals are good
conductors of electricity using a
free electron model.
3.2 Define potential difference
and electromotive force (e.m.f.)
6-7
3.3 State the relationship
between current and charge.
3.4 Write an expression for drift
velocity in metals and explain the
symbols used.
Classroom Determine the
3.5 Explain how two resistances Lecture.
resources. temperature coefficient
in series are used to provide a
of resistance of a coil.
known fraction of a given
potential difference (potential
8 - 11 divider arrangement).
Construct a meter
3.6 Define resistivity and
bridge.
conductivity.
3.7 Explain the effect of
Determination of

Practical Content
Teacher's activities
Resources

two capacitances of two
capacitors using ballistic
galvanometer method.

connectors.

Students should be shown
different types of resistors

Standard resistors such as
carbon black and wire wound
resistors, and
Variable resistors such as
rheostat and resistance boxes.

Wheat stone bridge, accumulator
or dry cell, switch, sensitive
centre reading galvanometer,
standard resistor
(5 ohm),
Group students and give out Thermometer, boiling tube
containing paraffin in which is
the construction of meter
Students should perform an
experiment to determine a
temperature coefficient of
resistance of a copper coil.

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
temperature on the resistance of
a wire.
3.8 Explain temperature
coefficient of resistance.
3.9 Define internal resistance of a
cell
3.10 Write the expression E = 1
(R+r) for a complete circuit.
3.11 Describe the effect of
internal resistance on the current
drawn from the cells.
3.12 State Kirchoff's first and
second laws.
3.13 Calculate current and emf in
complete circuits applying
Kirchoff's laws.
3.14 Write the formula for electric
power developed in a resistor.
3.15 Explain the principle of
operation of the wheat stone
bridge.
3.16 Explain the principle of the
potentiometer.

Resources Specific Learning
Outcomes
unknown resistances.

Carry out the following
experiments using the
potentiometer
arrangement.
(i).Calibrate an
ammeter
(ii) Calibrate a
voltmeter
(iii)Compare two
resistors
(v) Calibrate a
thermocouple.
Calibrate a
thermocouple.

Practical Content
Teacher's activities
Resources

bridge as assignment.

immersed the copper coil.

Students should use the
constructed bridge to
determine the values of
unknown resistances and
compare with that obtained
using the meter bridge in the
laboratory.

Constructed meter bridge, the
meter bridge in the laboratory, dry
cell, key set of standard
resistances, unknown resistance,
galvanometer.

Student should use the
potentiometer
to calibrate an ammeter.
Student should use the
potentiometer
to calibrate a volt meter.

Potentiometer ammeter, standard
cell, galvanometer, keys,
accumulator, standard cell,
rheostat, dry cell
Potentiometer volt metre
standard cell, galvanometer,
keys, accumulator, standard cell,
rheostat, dry cell

Two accumulators, two keys,
Students should use the
potentiometer to compare the potentiometer, rheostat,
resistances of two resistors. galvanometer, two resistances
(can be unknown and standard
Group students and give out resistance respectively).
as assignment. The students
are expected to construct the Potentiometer, two resistance
boxes (2000 OHM) accumulator,
thermocouple first.
key, galvanometer, cadmium
standard cell, sand bath,
thermometer reading up to 350
degrees centigrade, copper and
iron wires, thermocouple.

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
General Objective 4.0: Understand the Chemical effect of electric current
Chemical Effects of Electric
Classroom Demonstrate
Lecture
Current
resources. electrolysis with
Hoffman and copper
4.1 Explain electrolysis and
voltammeter.
voltammeter
Solve some
4.2 Define electrodes (Anodes
simple numerical
and Cathode)
Identify Daniel cell,
problems and give
4.3 Explain with examples the
Leclanche cell (dry and
assignment.
term electrolyte.
wet) lead Accumulator,
4.4 Explain ionization process in
Nife cell and western
an electrolyte
cell.
4.5 Explain the mechanism of
electrolytic conduction.
Construct simple cells
4.6 Define electrochemical
using locally available
equivalent and equivalent weight.
materials
4.7 State faraday's laws of
electrolysis
Charge accumulators
4.8 Describe electrolysis of water
in the laboratory.
using Hoffman voltammeter
12 - 14
4.9 List the applications of
electrolysis e.g. electroplating
4.10 Describe the construction of
these cells in 9.12 above.
4.11 Explain charging,
discharging and care of the
accumulators.
4.12 Calculate the e.m.f's of cells
from energy consideration given
the necessary data.
4.13 Calculate the mass of a
substance liberated during
electrolysis using M=Zlt where m
= mass. Z is electrochemical
equivalent of the substance; l is
current and t is time.
4.14 Calculate the back e.m.f.
produced in a water voltammeter

Practical Content
Teacher's activities
Resources

Students should be made to
watch the demonstration of
electrolysis using Hoffman
apparatus and copper
voltammeter.

Hoffman apparatus and copper
voltammeter.
Daniel cell, Laclanche cell (dry
and wet) lead Accumulator, Nife
cell and western cell.

Identify the following cells for
the students:
Charger.
Daniel cell, Laclanche cell
(dry and wet) lead
Accumulator, Nife cell and
western cell.
Group students and give out
the construction of simple
cells using locally available
materials as assignment.
The charging process of
accumulators should be
witnessed by the students.

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
connected to an accumulator
given other necessary data.
4.15 Solve problems involving the
concept of electrolysis
General Objective 5.0: Understand the concepts of magnetic field.
Lecture
Classroom Plot magnetic lines of
Magnetism
resources. force.
5.1 Explain the concept of
magnetic field.
5.2 Explain the nature of the
Demonstrate the use
magnetic field:of magnetometer.

Practical Content
Teacher's activities
Resources

Students should plot
magnetic lines of force for
the following:
Bar magnet, straight current
carrying conductor, solenoid.
Students should observe the
demonstration of the use of
the magnetometer
by the teacher.

i) around a bar
magnet
ii) around a
straight current
carrying
conductor
iii) a solenoid
iv) circular coil
v) toroid
5.3 Explain the principle of
operation of the magnetometer.

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:
Coursework/Assignments 10%; Course test 20 %; Practical 30%; Examination 40 %
Recommended Textbooks & References:

Advanced level Physics by Nelkon and Parker.
Physics Practical manual by Tyler.

Bar magnet
Solenoid, straight current carrying
conductor,
Circular coil, iron fillings.

Course: Optics and Waves
Department/Programme: National Diploma
Course: Optics and Waves
Course Code: STP 122
Year: Semester:
Pre-requisite:

Credit Hours:
Theoretical:
Practical:

1 hours/week
2 hours /week

General Objectives

On completion of this course, students should be able to:
1. understand the principles and applications of reflection and refraction at plane and curved surfaces.
2. understand the working principles of optical instruments.
3. understand the basic concepts of photometry.
4. understand the phenomenon of wave, optics and sound waves.

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Resources
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
General Objective 1.0: Understand the principles and applications of reflection and refraction at plane and curved surfaces.
Classroom Determine the radius of Students should perform an Spherometer piece of plane
Reflection and Refraction at Plane Lecture
experiment to determine the glass, convex mirror.
resources. curvature of a convex
Surfaces
radius of curvature of a
mirror using a
1.1 Revise previous work on
convex mirror using a
spherometer.
reflection and refraction at curved
Concave mirror, liquid, retort
spherometer.
surfaces.
stand. Clamp. Pin, meter rule.
1.2 Define refractive index in terms
Determination of the
of velocities of light in vacuum and in
refractive index of liquid Student should perform an
Illuminated object, meter rule,
a medium.
using a concave mirror. experiment to determine
convex lens, stands and screen.
1.3 Explain the use of spherometer.
refractive index of liquid using
1.4 Explain the application of total
Determination of the focal a concave mirror.
internal reflection in the construction
length of a convex lens
1-3
of the following:
Student should carry out
by the displacement
Submarine periscope, binoculars,
experiment to determine the
method.
optical fibre and kaleodoscop.
focal length of a convex lens
1.5 Determine the focal length of two
Determination of the focal by the displacement method.
thin lenses in contact using the
length and position of a
formula:
lens mounted in an
1 1
1
inaccessible position
= +
f f1 f 2
inside a tube.
1.6 Explain defects of lenses
(spherical and chromatic aberration)
and their corrections.
Light box, screen, cardboard
Determination of (i) glass, Student should perform an
(ii) liquid using a travelling experiment to determine the tube with lens inside and having
microscope.
focal length and position of a window both ends.
lens mounted in an
inaccessible position inside a Travelling microscope with
tube.
vernier scale, glass block, tank
4-6
with glass sides, lycopodium
powder, fine sand.
Perform experiment to
determine
i) glass,
(ii) liquid using a travelling
microscope.

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
General Objective 2.0: Understand the working principles of optical instruments.
Classroom Demonstrate the use of
Optical Instruments and Human Eye . Lecture
resources. microscope
2.1 Explain the magnifying action of
lens
2.2 Write expression for angular
magnification of a lens
2.3 Explain the working of:

7-8

9 - 11

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Students should be made to
use the microscope to view
minute particles.

Resources

Microscope

i) Simple
microscope
ii) Compound
microscope
iii) Astronomical
telescope
iv) Galilean
telescope
v) Terrestrial
telescope
2.4 Explain the magnifying power of Solve simple
numerical
optical instruments in 2.3 above.
2.5 Calculate the magnifying power problems.
of the optical instruments in 2.3
above.
2.6 Describe the working of a
spectrometer.
2.7 Explain the defects of the eye
and their correction.
2.8 Calculate the magnifying power,
angular magnification of optical
instruments.
2.9 Calculate the focal lengths of the
objective and eye lenses of
compound microscope given the
magnification and other necessary
parameters.

Determine the magnifying Student should determine the
magnifying power of a
power of a microscope.
microscope.
Demonstrate the use of
Teacher should demonstrate
the spectrometer
the use of spectrometer
Measure angle of
Students should measure
deviation, minimum
deviation angle of a prism angle of deviation, minimum
deviation angle of a prism
using spectrometer.
using spectrometer

Compound microscope,
unsilvered glass plate, two
millimetre scales (mounted
white paper scales are
suitable).
Spectrometer.

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
General Objective 3.0: Understand the basic concepts of photometry.
Photometry
Classroom Compare light intensities. Student should compare light
Lecture
resources.
intensities using photometer.
3.1 Define radiant power, radiant
flux, luminous flux
Solve some
3.2 Define luminance, luminance
numerical
and luminous intensity
problems.
3.3 Describe the international
standard source of light.
3.4 Define solid angle
3.5 Define luminous efficiency.
3.6 State the relationship between
illuminance and luminous flux;
12 - 13 luminous intensity and luminous flux.
3.7 State cosine law and inverse
square law
3.8 Describe lummer - Brolum
photometer and the flicker
photometer.
3.9 Compare intensities of light
sources.
3.10 Calculate the luminous intensity
I, and luminous flux F, of a source.
3.11 Calculate the luminance of a
surface.
General Objective 4.0: Understand the phenomenon of wave, optics and sound waves.
Lecture
Classroom Determine experimentally Student should perform the
4.1 Explain sound waves in air
experiment to determine
resources. the velocity of sound in
columns and waves in
experimentally the velocity of
air using a resonance
strings.
sound in air using a
tube.
4.2 Define resonance.
resonance tube.
4.3 List examples of resonance in
other physical events.
14
4.4 Identify the factors that affect the
velocity of sound waves in pipes.
4.5 Establish the relationship
between the frequency of waves in a
straight string and the length and
tension:

Resources

Light sources of different
intensities, meter rule,
photometer.

Glass resonance tube about
100 cm long and 3cm in
diameter, clamp, rubber bung,
set of tuning forks of frequency
range 256 to 512 hertz, meter
rule.

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
T
F = 1 √ /M
Where f = Frequency
T = Tension in string
L = Length of string
And M = Mass of string
Lecture
4.6 Explain what is meant by
Doppler effect.
4.7 List examples of Doppler effect
in sound and light .
4.8 Explain the terms:-

i) Reflection
ii) Refraction
iii) Super position
iv) Interference and
diffraction as they
relate to waves.

Resources Specific Learning
Outcomes

Classroom
resources.

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Student should determine by Sonometer, length of steel of
Determination of the
frequency of a tuning fork experiment the frequency of a diameter about half millimetre,
tuning fork using a sonometer supporting hook and set of
using a sonometer.
slotted five Newton weights,
tuning folk, and micrometer
The teacher should
Demonstration of
screw gauge
demonstrate reflection,
reflection, refraction,
refraction, super position,
super position,
Ripple tank..
interference and diffraction
interference and
diffraction using a ripple using a ripple tank.
tank.

4.9 State the conditions necessary
for interference and to occur.
4.10 Explain the term beat.
4.11 Determine beat frequency
4.12 Explain the electromagnetic
spectrum in relation to wave lengths
and frequency.
4.13 Distinguish between emission
and absorption of waves.

Assessment:
Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Course test 20 %; Practical 30 %; Examination 40 %
Recommended Textbooks & References:
(1) Advanced Level Physics by Nelkon and Parker
(2) Physics Practical Manual by Tyler.

100

Course: Analytical Chemistry
Programme: ND Science Lab. Technology
Course: Analytical Chemistry
Course Code: STC 123
Year: Semester:
Pre-requisite:

Credit Hours:
Theoretical:
Practical:

hours/week 2
hours /week 3

General Objectives

1. Understand the Analytical Process
2. Understand the physical/chemical principles involved in separation methods
3. Understand the Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data
4. Further understanding of Titrimetric Analysis, including the use of non-aqueous solvents
5. Understand the principles and applications of Gravimetric Analysis

101

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities Resources

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 1: Understand the Analytical Process
Calibration of a pipetteLectures
Blackboard,
Lab safety talk;
1.1. Understand the issues
chalk
use of lab glassware and introduction to
involved with sample collection
analytical balance
general apparatus,
and storage. Discuss how to
demonstration of
obtain a representative sample.
correct method of
1.2. Understand the techniques
operation
used in sample preparation.
1.3. Understand 'Fitness for
purpose' and relevant technique
characteristics: limit of detection,
limit of quantitation, sensitivity, and
selectivity.
Blackboard,
Practical use of linear
Student guidance
1.4. Understand the three methods Lecture
chalk,
regression
of calibration: external standards,
calculators
internal standards and standard
Lecture/workshop
additions.
1.5. Understand and use the
method of least squares to
calculate a straight line through
data points
General Objective 2: Understand the physical/chemical principles involved in separation methods
Explain with relevant Classroom
Separate mixture into its Demonstrate and let
2.1 Define chromatography as a
various components using the student practice
means of separating mixtures by examples and give resources
silica gel TLC and column the separation of a
the distribution of its components assignments
mixture
chromatography
between a stationary and a mobile
phase in adsorption and partition
chromatography.
2.2 Describe paper and silica gel
thin layer chromatography
2.3 Describe column
chromatography over silica gel
2.4 Describe gas chromatography
2.5 Distinguish between
adsorption chromatography and
partition chromatography
2.6 Define partition coefficient and

102

Balance, 50 and/or 25 ml
pipettes, pipette fillers,
weighing containers, table of
density vs. temperature for
water, thermometers

Rulers, calculators

Chromatographic column, thin
layer plate, mixture of
components

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities Resources

retention time
2.7 Define the terms Rf and Rv
(retention volumes)
2.8 Describe the technique of
solvent extraction
2.9 Explain why it is more efficient
to extract a solute from a solution
by using two or more portions of
an immiscible solvent than to use
the same total volume in one bulk.
2.10 Describe the functioning of
soxhlet extraction.
2.11 Differentiate between batch
and continuous extraction.
2.12 Describe the use of acidic
and basic solvents to extract basic
and acidic materials respectively.
2.13 Describe the use of chelation
to extract an ionic
substance into a non-polar solvent.
2.14 Describe methods for the
detection of colourless material in
paper and thin layer
chromatography and solvents in
GC.
2.15 Describe the chemical form of
an acidic or basic ion exchange
resin.
2.16 Explain that an ion exchange
resin exchanges ionic units with
ions in the surrounding solution.
2.17 Explain the terms selectivity
coefficient and distribution
coefficient for an ion exchange
material.

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities Resources

Demonstrate and
Solvents extraction apparatus
allow students to
apply some principles

Explain and illustrate Classroom
with relevant
resources
examples

Determine the extent of
extraction of a material
from one phase into a
second phase applying
the principle of partition
law.

Explain with relevant Classroom
examples and give resources
assignments

Identify colourless
Demonstrate and let Paper and thin layer
material in paper and thin the students practice chromatographic equipment
layer chromatography
the identification of
colourless materials

103

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities Resources

2.18 State that the abilities of a
resin to exchange ions with those
in dilute solution increases as the
change on the solvated ions
increases.
2.19 Define the terms bed volume
and exchange capacity.
2.20 Describe the process of regenerating an ion exchange resin.
2.21 Describe laboratory and
industrial applications of ion
exchange resins.
2.22 Explain electrophoresis,
discussing electrophoretic mobility
and Stokes equation
2.23 Discuss Electroosmosis,
apparent mobility and theoretical
plates
2.24 Describe the experimental
set-up for capillary electrophoresis
2.25 Discuss applications of
capillary electrophoresis, e.g.
separating milk proteins, gunshot
residues, detecting chemical
weapon products, drugs
2.26 Describe HPLC
chromatography
2.27 Discuss normal phase HPLC
and reverse phase HPLC
2.28 Discuss retention time, peak
shape, peak broadening and peak
integration

Explain and illustrate Classroom
with relevant
resources
examples

Specific Learning
Outcomes
Set up an ion exchange
column and use it to
separate a chlorophyll

Practical Content
Teacher's activities Resources

Ion exchange column solvents
Demonstrate and
allow the students to
carry out the
separation

Explain and illustrate Classroom
with relevant
resources
examples

Demonstrate and
Investigation of pH
allow students to
dependance of
electrophoresis of natural repeat
anthocyanine dyes (or
similar experiment)

Explain and illustrate Classroom
with relevant
resources
examples

Analysis of additives in
soft drinks by HPLC

104

Agar or agarose gel, citrate and
ammonium acetate,

Demonstrate and
HPLC, soft drinks, ammonium
allow students to test acetate, glacial acetic acid,
own samples
solvent saccharin, benzoic acid,
caffeine, aspartame

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities Resources

Specific Learning
Week/s
Outcomes
General Objectives: 3 Understand the Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data
Explain and illustrate Classroom
Treat various
3.1 Explain the limitations of
with appropriate
resources,
experimental data to bring
analytical methods.
examples
calculators
out the meaning of mean
3.2 Define accuracy.
deviation, standard
3.3 Explain the two methods of
deviation absolute error,
measuring accuracy-absolute and
relative error
relative error.
9
3.4 Define precision.
3.5 Express absolute precision
statistically, namely: deviation from
the median and standard deviation
and relative standard deviation),
variance and the range.
Calculate propagated
3.6 Explain the two main classes Give an assignment Classroom
materials
errors for a typical
of error viz:- (a) systematic or
experiment including
determinate errors (b) random or
glassware, balances etc.
indeterminate errors. Discuss
gross errors.
3.7 List and explain the different
forms of systematic errors, namely
operational and personal errors,
instrumental and reagent errors,
method errors, additive and
10
proportional errors.
3.8 Explain ways by which errors
can be minimized, such as
calibration of apparatus, and
application of corrections, running
a control determination, and use of
independent methods.
3.9 Understand how to calculate
propagated errors over an analysis

105

Practical Content
Teacher's activities Resources

Demonstrate and
allow students to
repeat

Calculators

Demonstrate and
allow students to
repeat with another
experiment

Calculators

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities Resources

Specific Learning
Outcomes
Apply statistical tests to
specific analytical
problems

Classroom
3.10 Explain the meaning of
resources,
significant figures.
statistical
3.11 List examples of significant
tables,
figures.
calculators
3.12 Explain normal distribution
(Gaussian)
3.13 List and explain the three
methods of testing results,
namely:- student's t test and the F
test; and the chi-square
distribution
3.14 Apply statistical test to
specific analytical problems.
3.15 Understand outlier tests:
Dixon's Q and Grubb's tests.
3.16 Explain the number of parallel
determinations (repetitive
determination) needed in results
for analysis.
General Objective 4: Understand the principles of Titrimetic Analysis
Explain and give
Classroom
Standardisation of HCl
4.1 Explain meaning of titrimetic
relevant examples
resources
with sodium carbonate
analysis
standard solution
4.2 Describe the basic principle of
titrimetic analysis
4.3 Discuss the determination of
end points
4.4 Discuss the use of indicators
4.5 Discuss the use of pH and
conduct metric methods
4.6 Discuss different types of
titrations such as acid/ base,
oxidation/reduction,
complexiometric, and non aqueous
solvents

106

Practical Content
Teacher's activities Resources

Demonstrate and
allow students to
repeat with another
experiment

Calculators, statistical tables

Demonstrate and
allow students to
repeat

Burettes, glassware, HCl
sodium carbonate, screened
methyl orange indicator

Week/s

14-15

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities Resources

Specific Learning
Outcomes
Analysis of aspirin by
back titration

4.7 Relate the strength of acids
and bases to the solvent medium
(levelling effect).
4.8 Classify solvents as
amphiprotic (amphoteric,
protophilic, protogenic and
approtic.
4.9 List solvents used in nonaqueous titration
4.10 Explain autoprotolysis
4.11 List basic and acidic titrants
used for particular non-aqueous
media
4.12 Explain why non-aqueous
titration is applicable to acids and
bases weaker than water
4.13 List applications o titrations in
non-aqueous media
General Objective 4: Understand the principles and applications of gravimetric analysis
Gravimetric Analysis
Explain with relevant Classroom
Determine chloride ion,
examples and give resources
calcium as calcium
5.1 Explain the meaning of
assignments
oxalate etc in natural
gravimetric analysis.
samples in the laboratory.
5.2 Describe precipitation as
- Determine nickel as
gravimetric method for separation
nickel dimethylof elements or compounds.
glyoximate to show the
5.3 Explain co-precipitation, potuse of organic substances
precipitation and digestion.
in precipitation.
5.4 Relate the effects of 4.3 above
to the purity of the precipitate.
5.5 Outline the conditions
Determine the percentage
necessary for precipitation
of water of crystallization
in Barium chloride,
magnesium sulphate
hepthydrate etc

107

Practical Content
Teacher's activities Resources

Guide students

Burettes, glassware,
acetylsalicylic acid, sodium
carbonate, sulphuric acid,
screened methyl orange
indicator, aspirin tablets,
sodium hydroxide, bunsens,
phenol red indicator

Guide the students to Glass wares
carry out practicals
chemicals
listed

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:
Coursework/Assignments Course test 10%; Practical 40%; Examination 50%
Recommended Textbooks & References:

J.N. Miller and J.C. Miller. Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry. Fourth Edition. Prentice Hall. 2000.
D.C. Harris. "Quantitative Chemical Analysis", 6th Edition, Freeman, New York. 2002.
D.A. Skoog, D.M. West & F.J. Holler. "Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry", 7th edition. Saunders and Holt, New York. 1996
R. Kellner, J.-M. Mermet, M. Otto & H.M. Widmer (eds.). "Analytical Chemistry" Wiley-VCH, Chichester. 1998
Some labs are from The Journal of Chemistry Education

108

Course: GLT, Module (iii) Preparation of Laboratory Side Shelf Reagents, and Module (iv)
Separation Techniques and Sample Management
Department/Programme:
Course: GLT, Module (iii) Preparation of Laboratory Side Shelf Reagents, and Module (iv) Separation
Techniques and Sample Management
Year: Semester:

Course Code: GLT Credit
121
Hours:
Pre-requisite:
Theoretical: 1
Practical:
hours/week
1 hours
/week

General Objectives

1. Know the preparation of solutions and reagents in the laboratory
2. Know the different types of solvents and their applications
3. Understand the: storage, extraction, dispensing, recovery and disposal and of chemicals in the laboratory
4. Understand the basic techniques of sampling
5. Understand the physical and chemical principles involved in some separation methods used in the laboratory
6. Understand the collection, handling and preservation of biological laboratory specimens
7. Understand the setting up and management of tropical aquarium and animal house
8. Know how to prepare a herbarium

109

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

Practical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Resources
Week/s
Outcomes
General Objective 1: Know the preparation of solutions and reagents in the laboratory
Lecture
Prepare and standardise Prepare 0.1M
Burettes, Pipettes,
1.1 Define standard solution
H2 SO4
various solutions.
beakers, retort,
e.g. Normal, molar, saturated
Stand, volumetric flasks,
and supersaturated solution.
0.1M
H2 SO4,
1.2 Calculate the concentration
NaOH
Label all prepared
1-2
of solution from a given assay.
and
titrate.
NaOH Indicator.
solutions and reagents.
1.3 Describe the methods of
preparation and standardization
of solutions.
General Objective 2: Know the different types of solvents and their applications
Lecture and
Apply solvents in
Soxhlets
2.1 Define a solvent
extractions and on other
apparatus/petroleum
2.2 List some known solvents. demonstration
batch extraction
cases.
ether, ethanol and
2.3 Classify solvents in 2.2
methylene chloride
above e.g. organic in organic,
3
and universal.
2.4 State the application of
solvents e.g. solid/liquid
extraction.
General Objective 3: Understand the: storage, extraction, dispensing, recovery and disposal and of chemicals in the laboratory
Use batch solvent
Silver halide
Lecture
3.1 Describe methods of
extraction
residue
carrying out the following
Distillation
processes in the laboratory
visit a standard
apparatus.
Recover acetone from its
chemical store.
residues.
(i) Storage
Recover silver (Ag) from
Separating
(ii) Extraction
funnel; organic silver halide residue.
(iii) Dispensing
Recover mercury from its
solvent e.g.
(iv) Recovery
4-5
contaminated residues.
petroleum
and Disposal
ether.

3.2 Apply each of the
processes in 3.1 above to the
various chemicals in the
laboratory.
3.3 List and describe the safety
regulations involved in the

110

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

process in 3.1 above.
3.4 Separate various solvents
in the laboratory.
3.5 Explain and apply the
methods of handling and
storage of various gaseous and
corrosive substances in the
laboratory.
General Objective 4: Understand the basic techniques of sampling
white sheets of paper.
Ask students to collect soil
Lecture
Apply sampling
4.1 List and explain types of
Sets of series
samples.
techniques in the
sampling techniques e.g. riffle,
Cellophane/nylon bags.
Prepare laboratory analytical
laboratory and for
coning, quartering etc.
balance
samples from the collection
laboratory analysis.
4.2 Explain the application of
oven.
sampling techniques in 4.1
above.
4.3 Explain the importance of
paper sampling.
General Objective 5: Understand the physical and chemical principles involved in some separation methods used in the laboratory
Separating funnel
perform batch extraction
5.1 Describe the technique of Lecture
Soxhlet extractor
using a separate funnel.
solvent extraction.
5.2 Explain the principle of the Display soxhlet
partition law.
Mount the soxhlet
apparatus
5.3 Explain why it is more
apparatus and use it to
Draw a label
efficient to extract a solute from
separate a given material
a solution by using two or more
e.g. soya-beans powder
portions of an immiscible
for oil content
solvent than to use the same
total volume in one bulk.
5.4 Describe the principle of
soxhlet extraction.
5.5 Differentiate between batch
and continuous extraction.
5.6 Describe how acidic and
basic solvent can be used to
extract basic and acidic
materials respectively.

111

Week/s

8-9

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

5.7 List and describe different
techniques of distillation.
5.8 Draw the apparatus
assembly for simple distillation
under reduced pressure.
5.9 Set up the distillation
apparatus above for the
purification of a flammable
liquid.
5.10 Describe the principle and
process of fractional distillation.
5.11 Describe the principle and
process of steam distillation.
5.12 Define an azeotrope as a
constant boiling mixture.
5.13 List applications of the
various distillation procedures
in industry.
5.14 Define sublimation
5.15 Describe the principle and
process of sublimation as used
in the purification of organic
compound.
5.16 List compounds that can
be purified by sublimation.
5.17 Design apparatus to be
used for sublimation procedure.
5.18 Describe the principles
and process of crystallization
as used in the isolation and
purification of compounds.
5.19 Describe filtration as a
process of separation and
purification.
5.20 Explain dialysis as a
process of separation and
purification.

Lecture and
Demonstration.
Lecture and
demonstration
Set up and use
sublimation
apparatus using
Ammonium chloride
or Xrstal Iodine
Lecture

Sublimation
apparatus

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Set up and use a simple
distillation apparatus.
Use it to explain the
differences between it
and
steam distillation
fractional
reflux etc.
Separate a mixture of 2,4
- dinitrophenols by steam
distillation.

112

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Distillation apparatus
Condenser (leibere)
round bottomed flask
(about 25ml)
Heating mantel
Receiver

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

Practical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Week/s
Outcomes
General Objective 6: Understand the collection, handling and preservation of biological laboratory specimens
Filed trip for collection.
Collect specimens of
Lecture
6.1 Describe and identify
Back to laboratory
various types using
Lecture and
various types of traps for
demonstrate and preserves traps.
demonstration of
collecting plants and animal
plant material e.g. sida acuta
method of preserving
specimens for the laboratory.
specimen. Display
6.2 Describe various ways of
Transport specimens to and animal material e.g.
collection tools
preserving and transporting
cockroach (Pleriplaneta
the laboratory in good
plant and animal specimens to Draw and label.
americena) by (a) war method
conditions.
the laboratory.
(b) pinning
6.3 List and describe different
Give assignments to students for
Prepare and preserve
10 - 11 methods of preserving plants
collection/preservation of (a)
animal/specimens in
and animal specimens.
tools/frogs. (b) Preparation of
formalin by drying and by
skeleton.
stuffing.

Resources

Various biological
specimen - plants and
animals.
Formalin
Stuffing materials

Display preserved
specimen for effect.
Preserve and display
plant specimens.
General Objective 7: Understand the setting up and management of tropical aquarium and animal house
Teacher sets up a class
Devise and apply
A functional
Lecture
7.1 List and describe various
animal house suitable means to collect aquarium with the students
types of aquarium tanks.
selected species of fish. Fill it with selected species stay
with various
7.2 Describe the functions of
Lecture and
it on for at least a month.
species bred.
the different accessories of an demonstration.
Animal house Organise accessories
aquarium.
Takes students on
containing
7.3 Describe the process of
and plants correctly
tour of the animal
animals
reconditioning tap water for
within the tank.
house.
aquarium use.
Demonstrate feeding
12 - 13
7.4 Select species of fish and and mating.
Design a means of
plants suitable for any tropical Inspects healthy and
feeding organism
aquarium using appropriate
deceased (sick)
manually bearing in mind
tables.
animals with
the need for a balanced
7.5 State provision of the
students.
diet per day.
cruelty Animal Act.
7.6 Identify common laboratory
Clean the aquarium
animals.

113

An aquarium.
Fish plant and species.

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

7.7 Handle each of these
animals such that it does not
experience any discomfort.
7.8 Feed the animals regularly
and adequately bearing in mind
the need for a balanced diet.
7.9 Enumerate the different
signs of ill health exhibited by
animals and how to identify a
sick animal.
Lecture and
7.10 Ensure that the animal
Demonstration
cage is clean and well
ventilated.
7.11 Distinguish between male
and female species of each
animal by observation.
7.12 Observe animals carefully
to determine when to mate
them use breeding table.
7.13 Explain methods used in
the laboratory for mating
animals.
7.14 State the advantages and
disadvantages of mating
animals artificially.
7.15 State and apply the
various methods of humane
killings of animals e.g. physical
killings, like electrocution
stunning et and chemical
killings like chloroforming

Animal cage

Practical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Outcomes
without disturbing the fish

collect toads/frogs.
Demonstrate in the lab
the humane killing
methods esp.
chloroforming

114

Send students to field to collect
toads/frogs.

Resources

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources
General Objective 8: How to prepare a herbarium
A functional
8.1 Define a herbarium
Lecture and
herbarium
8.2 State the essential
Demonstration
requirement of a herbarium.
.
Tours the herbarium
with students of use
students to build one
for the
establishment.

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Prepare a herbarium.
Demonstrate good
maintenance of a
herbarium.

Assessment:
Coursework/Assignments 10%; Practical 40%; Examination 50%
Recommended Textbooks & References:

115

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Send students out to collect
plant materials. Demonstrate
mounting plants materials for
herbarium.
Ask each student to prepare a
given specimen against next
class

Resources

A functional herbarium

Course: Computer Packages I
Programme: Statistics (National Diploma)
Course: Computer Packages I Course Code: COM 123 Total Hours: 4
Year: 1 Semester: 2
Pre-requisite:
Theoretical: 1 hours/week
Practical:
3 hours/week
Goal: This course is designed to introduce the student to basic computer packages.
General Objectives: On completion of this course, the diplomate will be able to:

1. Know the existing application packages.
2. Understand word processing packages.
3. Know electronic spread sheets.
4. Know the fundamentals of accounting packages.
5. Understand presentation packages.
6. Know how to use education, medical and other packages.

116

Week

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities

Resources

General Objective 1 (COM 123): Know the existing application packages.
White board
1.1 Understand the difference Explain the difference
between systems software,
between systems software,
program generators and
program generators and
PC Loaded with
application packages
application packages
different
packages and
connected to an
OHP

1.2 Identify the modes of
package acquisition

Identify the modes of
package acquisition

1.3 State the criteria for
package acceptability

State the criteria for
package acceptability

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

To be able to view
different software
packages and know
their features

To assist student view
different software packages
and know their features

To be able to view
different software
PC Loaded with packages and know
their features
different
packages and
connected to an
OHP

T o assist student view
different software packages
and know their features

White board

General Objective 2 (COM 123): Understand word processing packages.
2.1 Understand a word
Explain meaning of a word White board
processing package
processor
PC Loaded with
different
State the advantages and
packages and
use of word processors.
connected to an
Explain the features of the OHP
main, help and other menus.
White board
2.1 (continued) Understand a
Identify functions of word
word processing package
processors in other
professional packages like in PC Loaded with
desk top publishing
different
(Coreldraw, PageMaker, etc) packages and
connected to an
Explain use of document and OHP
non-document text processing
including mail merging.

117

Resources

White board
PC in a networked
laboratory loaded
with different
packages and
connected to
internet.
White board
PC in a networked
laboratory loaded
with different
packages and
connected to
internet.

Show ability to carry out Assist student carry out
different assignments in different assignments in word
processing
word processing
as may be determined
by the lecturer.

White board

Show ability to carry out Assist student carry out
different assignments in different assignments in word
processing
word processing
as may be determined
by the lecturer.

White board

PC in a networked
laboratory loaded
with different
packages and
connected to
internet.

Week

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities

2.1 (continued) Understand a
word processing package
5

Resources

Specific Learning
Outcomes
Show ability to carry out
White board
Explain the import of
different assignments in
graphics and the creation of
drawing objects,
PC Loaded with word processing
as may be determined
different
by the lecturer.
Explain sharing of data with packages and
connected to an
other users
OHP

General Objective 3 (COM 123): Know electronic spread sheets.
White board
3.1 Understand the concept of List the types of existing
spread sheets.
a spread sheet.
PC Loaded with
different
Introduce spread sheet
3.2 Understand the use of a
packages and
concepts.
spread sheet in a forecasting
connected to an
project, financial analysis,
OHP
production scheduling and
Explain the use of spread
control and other forms of
sheet in a forecasting
modelling.
project, financial analysis,
production scheduling and
control and other forms of
modelling.
Explain carrying out general White board
3.3 Understand the use of
statistical functions using
spread sheet to carry out
cell references in a
general statistical functions
PC Loaded with
spreadsheet.
using cell references in a
different
spreadsheet.
packages and
connected to an
OHP

118

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Assist student carry out
White board
different assignments in word
processing
PC in a networked
laboratory loaded
with different
packages and
connected to
internet.

Show ability to carry out Assist student carry out
different assignments in different assignments in
spreadsheets
spreadsheets
as may be determined
by the lecturer.

White board

Show ability to carry out Assist student carry out
different assignments in different assignments in
spreadsheets
spreadsheets
as may be determined
by the lecturer.

White board

PC in a networked
laboratory loaded
with different
packages and
connected to
internet.

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities

Specific Learning
Week
Outcomes
Show ability to carry out
Explain performing specific White board
3.4 Understand the use of a
different assignments in
accounting functions using
spread sheet to perform
spread sheets and highlight PC Loaded with spreadsheets
specific accounting functions
as may be determined
data security requirements different
and highlight data security
by the lecturer.
requirements on spread sheet on spread sheet data.
packages and
data.
connected to an
8
OHP
Explain formatting
worksheets and working
3.5 Transfer information and
graphics between applications. with formulas.

Resources

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Assist student carry out
different assignments in
spreadsheets

Explain transfer of
information and graphics
between applications.
General Objective 4 (COM 123): Know the fundamentals of accounting packages.
Show ability to carry out Assist student carry out
White board
Explain
4.1 Understand areas in
different assignments in different assignments in
accounting and financial
accounting and financial
management
management prone to using
PC Loaded with accounting and payroll accounting and payroll
as may be determined
accounting packages.
different
by the lecturer.
Identify areas in accounting packages and
connected to an
to using accounting
4.2 Understand existing
OHP
packages.
accounting packages
highlighting facilities that make
each package unique (Peach
Describe an overview of the
tree, DacEasy, Sage, Quick
various types of available
brooks.
existing accounting
packages highlighting
facilities that make each
package
Explain payroll, job costing,
invoicing and order
processing.

119

Resources

White board
PC in a networked
laboratory loaded
with different
packages and
connected to
internet.

Week

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities

4.3 Understand the following
accounting system: general
ledger system, accounts
receivable, accounts payable,
4.4 Understand payroll, job
costing, invoicing and order
processing.
10

Resources

Specific Learning
Outcomes
Show ability to carry out
White board
Explain
different assignments in
accounting and financial
management
PC Loaded with accounting and payroll
as may be determined
different
by the lecturer.
Identify areas in accounting packages and
connected to an
to using accounting
OHP
packages.

Describe an overview of the
various types of available
existing accounting
packages highlighting
facilities that make each
package
Explain payroll, job costing,
invoicing and order
processing.
General Objective 5 (COM 123): Understand presentation packages.
White board
5.1 Understand the functions of Explain the functions of a
a presentation package using presentation package using
power point to illustrate.
power point.
PC Loaded with
different
packages and
Explain types of
connected to an
presentation
OHP
5.2 Understand types of
presentation presentations on
strategies, sales promotion,
training, marketing plan,
company meetings using the
auto content wizard and
templates.

Create presentations on
strategies, sales promotion,
training, marketing plan,
company meetings using
the auto content wizard and
templates.

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Assist student carry out
different assignments in
accounting and payroll

Show ability to carry out Assist student carry out
different
different presentation
assignments as may be presentationassignments
determined by the
lecturer.

Show ability to carry out Assist student carry out
different
different presentation
presentationassignments
assignments
as
may
be
PC Loaded with
determined
by
the
different
lecturer.
packages and
connected to an
OHP
White board

120

Resources

White board
PC in a networked
laboratory loaded
with different
packages and
connected to
internet.

White board
PC in a networked
laboratory loaded
with different
packages and
connected to
internet.
White board
PC in a networked
laboratory loaded
with different
packages and
connected to
internet.

Week

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities

5.3 Understand the use of
slides to illustrate different
views presentations.

Use slides to illustrate
different views
presentations.

Resources

Specific Learning
Outcomes
Show ability to carry out
White board
different presentation
PC Loaded with assignments as may be
determined by the
different
lecturer.
packages and
connected to an
OHP

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Assist student carry out
different
presentationassignments

General Objective 6 (COM 123): Know how to use education, medical and other packages.
Carry out anassignment Assist student to carry out an
6.1 Undertake a general
Explain an overview of
White board
using a medical
assignment using a medical
overview of educational,
educational, medical and
package
medical and other packages
other packages
PC Loaded with package
different
packages and
connected to an
OHP

Explain an overview of
6.1 (continued) Undertake a
educational, medical and
general overview of
educational, medical and other other packages
packages

Carry out anassignment Assist student to carry out an
using a medical
assignment using a medical
package
PC Loaded with package
different
packages and
connected to an
OHP
White board

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:
Coursework/Assignments %; Course test %; Practical %; Projects %; Examination %
Type of Assessment Purpose and Nature of Assessment (COM 123)
Weighting (%)
Examination
Final Examination (written) to assess knowledge and understanding
60
Test
At least 1 progress test for feed back.
20
Practical / Projects To be assessed by the teacher
20
Total
100
Recommended Textbooks & References:

121

Resources

White board
PC in a networked
laboratory loaded
with different
packages and
connected to
internet.
White board
PC in a networked
laboratory loaded
with different
packages and
connected to
internet
White board
PC in a networked
laboratory loaded
with different
packages and
connected to
internet

NDII 1ST Semester
Course: Microbiology
Department/ Programme: National Diploma
Course: Microbiology
Course Code: STM 211
Year: Semester:
Pre-requisite:

Credit Hours:
Theoretical:
Practical:

4
1 hours/week
3 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand the history and scope of microbiology
2. Know the microscope examination of micro-organisms
3. Understand systematic microbiology
4. Understand growth of micro-organisms
5. Know the isolation, cultivation and preservation of different micro-organisms
6. Know the various methods of control of micro-organisms

122

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources
Week/s
activities
General Objective 1.0: Understand the History and Scope of Microbiology.
1.1 Outline the scope of microbiology
Refer students to Classroom
1.2 List the early scientists involved in the
relevant texts and and library
development of the microscope and microbiology. asses their work
1
up.

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Examine a drop of pond
water under the light and
compound microscope
and identify microorganisms

Give assignment.
Continue with the
1.3 Describe the role of the scientists in 1.2
experiment above
above.
1.4 Explain the role of microbiology in medicine,
agricultural, industry etc.
General Objective 2.0: Know the microscope examination of micro-organisms.
Lecture
Identify and distinguish
2.1 Explain the principle of microscopy.
micro-organism
2.2 Identify and describe all types of microscope Give assignment
By using staining
e.g. light microscope, compound microscope,
techniques
dark field, microscope, phase contrast
microscope, electro-microscope.
Differentiate between
Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes.

2.3 Explain the application of each type of
microscope in 2.2 above in the study of
microbiology.
2.4 List and describe the various microbial
staining techniques e.g., spore stain, flagella stain
General Objective 3.0: Understand Systematic Microbiology.
lecture
3.1 Describe the characteristics of microorganisms
3.2 Describe the morphological characteristics of
the following groups of micro-organism: Virus,
Bacteria, Rikettsiases, Mycoplasma, Protozoa,
Funji-Algae
3.3 List and explain the morphological and
biochemical basis for classifying micro-organisms
e.g. (a) Morphological shape, possession of
flagella, capsule, vacuoles, chloroplasts etc. (b)
Biochemical-Classify the different groups of
microorganisms applying 3.4 above

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Assist students to
make:- smears
hanging drops, whole
mounts, staining etc

Resources

Microscopes:
Light and
compound
Microscopes

Assist students to
Microscopes:
make:- whole mounts,
staining etc
Microscopes
Chemicals and
stains
microscopic slides,
Illustrate the various
diagnostic method to culture loops and
laboratories
identify the microreagents
organisms

serological tests, oxidase
test, catalase test etc.

Supervise students
Cultivation and
observation and
measurement of growth of
micro-organisms
(e.g. Rhizopod,
penicillium, e.coli, etc)

123

Culture medium
And materials,
ovens,
microscopes,
stains etc

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
General Objective 4.0: Understand the growth of micro-organisms.
Growth of Micro-organism
lecture
Classroom
Prepare, sterilise and
resources
preserve microbial growth
4.1 Explain the nutritional requirements of micro7
cultures.
organisms
4.2 Explain the sources of nutrient for various
groups of micro-organisms.
4.3 Explain the break down and use of food
Pour and preserve growth
8
molecules by micro-organisms.
on petri dishes and on
4.4 Describe the microbial growth curve.
agar slants.
General Objective 5.0: Know the isolation, cultivation and preservation of different micro-organisms
lecture
Classroom
Prepare pure culture from Involve students in the
List the main types of culture media used for
preparation of
resources
a mixed culture.
different groups of micro-organisms.
culture media and subculturing of microInoculate bacteria
Describe the composition of each of the media in
organism.
aerobically and
5.1 above.
anaerobically using
incubator and jars.
List other materials that can be added to
microbial growth media to enhance microbial
growth.
9-11

Resources

Autoclave
Refrigerators

Raw source of
carbohydrate

Amino Acid
vitamins etc.
Autoclave
Incubators
Anaerobic jars

Describe various culture characteristic on agar
Describe the terms pure culture and mixed
culture.

12-14

Describe methods of maintaining pure cultures in
the laboratory.
General Objective 6.0: Know the various methods of control of Micro-organisms.
Blackboard Application of Softy
List the reasons why micro-organisms should be Lecture
precautions involved in
Assignments
Chalk
controlled.
Microbiological works
Charts
Monographs
Explain the terms sterilisation; disinfecting.
Dusters
Sterilise various laboratory
objects using the
Describe various methods of (a) physical

124

Conduct practicals to
know the mode of
actions of inhibitors.
Demonstration of
aseptic techniques.

Autoclave
Petri dishes
Culture apparatus
Microscopes
stains

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
disinfecting and sterilisation (b) chemical
disinfecting and sterilisation.

Resources

Grow micro-organisms
(e.g.mucor, aspergillas)
under aseptic conditions

List and describe modes of action of various
chemical anti-microbial agents.

Specific Learning
Outcomes
autoclave.

Explain the term inhibiting agents
Describe the procedure for transporting culture
samples from one laboratory to the other.

Assessment:
Coursework/Assignments Course test 10 %; Practical 40 %; Examination 50 %
Recommended Textbooks & References:

Study guide to accompany microbiology by C.F.Norton

125

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Course: Pests and Pest Control
Department/Programme: National Diploma
Course: Pests and Pest Control
Course Code: STB 211
Year: Semester:
Pre-requisite:

Credit Hours:
Theoretical:
Practical:

3
1 hours/week
2 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Know animal phyla containing pests
2. Know plant parasitic nematodes
3. Know the characteristics of the Importance orders of Insects of agricultural importance
4. Understand the Importance of Vertebrate Pests in our Agricultural Systems
5. Understand various crop Protection Techniques
6. Understand the formulation, types, protection and modes of action of pesticides
7. Understand the hazards that may result from the use of pesticides

126

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources
Specific Learning
Teacher's
Resources
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
activities
General Objective 1: Know animal phyla containing pests
Chalkboard
Identify the animals in Assist students
live and preserved
1.1 List animal pests belonging to the phyla: Lecture
the lab.
specimens
Nematoda, Mollusca, Arthropoda and
Chordata.
1.2 Classify Arthropoda pests into the
Insecta, Symphyla, (symphilids), Arachnids
1
(mites) the Diplopoda (Millipedes) and the
Crustacea (woodlice).
1.3 List and describe Molluscan pests i.e.
slugs and snails which are incompletely
adapted to land life
General Objective 2: Know plant parasitic nematodes
2.1 Describe the life history of Globafera
Fields,
Lecture
Video tapes, Charts Identify the animals in
rostochiensis
showing destructive situ
2.2 Describe the life history of Meloidogyne
activities of
incognita
nematodes
Continue above
2.3 List the major crops that are susceptible
practical
to nematode attack.
2-4
2.4 Describe the various control measures
by which the level of nematode in the soil
can be reduced.
2.5 Explain the economic importance of
nematode infections.
General Objective 3: Know the characteristics of the Importance orders of Insects of agricultural importance
specimens
Examine dry mount of Assist to make
3.1 Describe the Diagnostic features of the Lecture
mouthparts of insects dry mount of
following orders (a) Hemiptera, (b)
in 3.2 and draw
mouth part and
Lipidoptera, (c) Coleoptera (d) Diptera (e)
examine
Hymenoptera
5
3.2 Explain the life history, mouth parts and
special adaptive features of members of the
orders Hemiptera and Lepidopteron i.e. plant
bugs and butterflies and moths.

127

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources
Specific Learning
Teacher's
Resources
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
activities
General Objective 4: Understand the Importance of Vertebrate Pests in our Agricultural Systems
Vertebrate Pests in Agriculture
Lecture
Films, Video, Charts
and other teaching
4.1 Describe the diagnostic features of birds
aids
and mammals.
4.2 Describe the menace rodents, squirrels,
monkeys, elephants warthogs constitute of
6-7
the farms.
4.3 Explain the role of birds in ravaging on
cereals e.g. partridge, quelea birds.
4.4 List and describe the measures adopted
in the control of rats, mice and roaches.
General Objective 5: Understand various crop Protection Techniques
apply a biological
5.1 Describe the use of resistant varieties of Lecture
technique to control a
Let the students
crops to overcome pests.
pest in the
know that this an
5.2 Explain elimination of alternative host
greenhouse
applied aspect of
plants.
8-9
5.3 Describe biological techniques applied in genetics
the control of pests.
5.4 Enumerate factors considered in
biological control of pests
demonstrate the use
5.5 Describe cultural methods adopted in the
of pheromones in the
control of various pests.
control of pests
5.6 Explain the advantages and
disadvantages of cultural pest control
methods.
10-11
5.7 Describe chemical methods adopted in
the control of pests.
5.8 Explain integrated pest management as
a techniques of pest control involving more
than one method of pest control.
General Objective 6: Understand the formulation, types, protection and modes of action of pesticides
Lecture
Prepare and apply
Various components of
6.1 Define pesticides.
pesticides to control
pesticides, appliances
6.2 Describe types of pesticides formulations
insect pests and
used in the application of
12-14 liquid formulation - emulsified concentrates
rodents.
pesticide
e.g. flowables, aerosols and liquefied gases;
Glass house
6.3 Explain the factors affecting pesticide

128

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources
Specific Learning
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
activity.
6.4 Classify with examples pesticides into
insecticides, agaricides, nematicides,
fungicides, herbicides, rodenticides,
molluscicides, repellents, attractants, plant
growth regulators.
6.5 Explain the grouping of pesticides into
inorganic, plant derived, organic and
synthetic pesticides.
6.6 Explain the functioning of pesticides as
protectants sterilants, contacts, stomach
poisons, systemics, translocated herbicides
and fumigants.
6.7 Describe the various methods of
application of pesticides.
General Objective 7 Understand the hazards that may result from the use of pesticides
7.1 Enumerate the precautions necessary for Lecture
safe use of pesticides.
7.2 List the hazards of pesticide use, to man
and environment.
7.3 Explain the first aid procedures to be
15
adopted in case of pesticide poisoning of
humans.
7.4 Describe the precautions to be taken in
pesticide transportation and storage.
7.5 Describe the maintenance of pesticide
equipment.

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources
activities

Assessment:
Coursework/Assignments 10%; Practical 40 %; Examination 50%
Recommended Textbooks & References:
Biology: A Functional Approach, by Michael Roberts, Nelson Thornes (Publishers) Ltd
Pest Management in Horticulture Crops : Principles and Practices/edited by L.R. Verma, A.K. Verma and D.C. Gautam. New Delhi, Asiatech Pub., 2004

129

Course: Pathology
Department/ Programme: SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
Subject/Course: Pathology
Course Code: STB 212
Credit Hours:
Year: Semester:
Pre-requisite:
Theoretical:
Practical:
General Objectives

3
1 hours/week
2 hours /week

1. Know common terminologies in parasitology
2. Know diseases caused by protozoan
3. Know parasitic platy helminthes of medicical and veterinary importance
4. Know diseases caused by nematodes
5. Understand the nature of gland diseases and their transmission and control

130

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's
Resources
Week/s
activities
activities
General Objective 1.0: Know Common Terminologies in Parasitology
Lecture and Classroom
Terminologies in Parasitology
assignments
1.1 Define the following terminologies in
parasitism with examples:- symbiosis, parasitism,
1-2
commensalisms, horesis, definitive host,
termediate host and vector.

1.2 Describe adaptations to parasitism
General Objective 2.0: Know diseases caused by Protozoan
Lecture
Classroom
Protozoans
2.1 Describe the life-cycle, mode of infection and
economic importance of the following protozoan
class:
3-5

6-7

Examine blood, stool for living
specimens of protozoa in 2.1
above.
Draw from prepared slides of
specimens in 2.1 above.

Rhizopoda-Entamoeba histolytica, MastigophoraTrypanosoma gambienze T rhodisence of
T.brucei, Sporozoa e.g Plasmodium.
2.2 Describe the methods of control of infection
by the protozoa listed in 2.1 above.
General Objective 3.0: Know parasitic platy helminthes of medicine and veterinary importance
Classroom Collect urine and stool
3.1 Describe the life history, location of parasites Lecture
resources. specimens to detect presence of
within the host and economic importance of
parasites listed in 3.1.
Trematodes e.g. Fasciola hepatica or T gigantica,
Schist soma mansoni and S. haematobium,
Taenia saginata and I solium
Draw specimens of adult
parasites and eggs from
prepared slides
3.2 Describe mode of transmission of each type
of trematodes and cestodes listed in above.
3.3 Describe preventive/control measures against
trematodes and cestodes.

131

Guide
students in
the practical
works.

Stool and Blood
specimens containing

Guide
students in
the drawing.

Prepare slide of the
protozoa.

Guide
students in
the practical
work.

Urine contaminated with
the parasites Microscopes,
slides, spirit lamps,
inoculation loop.

Protozoan,

Microscopes.

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's
Week/s
activities
activities
General Objective 4.0: Know diseases caused by nematodes
Nematode Infections
Lecture
Classroom Examine infected stool for eggs Guide
students in
resources
of parasite and also blood or
the practical
tissue
fluid
for
larvae
of
parasites
4.1 Describe the life-history and economic
work.
listed
in
4.1
above.
importance of Ascaris lumbricoides, the
hookworms of man Ancylostoma and Necator,,
the filarial worms - Wuchereria bancrafti,
Onchocera volvolus and or Loa loa and Guinea
7-9
worm, Dracunculus medinensis.

Resources

Stool, blood, tissue, fluid,
microscopes slides etc.
Microscopes magnifying
glass.

4.2 Describe the mode of transmission and agent
of disease in 4.1 above.
4.3 Describe the methods of control of parasites
in 4.1 above.
General Objective 5.0: Understanding the nature of Gland diseases and their transmission and control
Lecture
Classroom Make prepare slide from infected Guide
5.1 Outline the scope of plant pathology.
students in
resources. plant.
5.2 Explain the following basic terminologies in
the practical.
plant pathology; pathogen, parasites,
Collect
and
examine
pathogenesis.
macroscopically and
5.3 Describe the general nature of fungal
microscopically infected plant
diseases of plants.
specimens and identified the
pathogens causing diseases in
5.4 Describe the general nature of bacterial
them.
diseases of plants.
10 - 12

5.5 Describe the general nature of viral diseases
of plants.
5.6 Describe the generalized structure and life
cycle of a viral particle.
5.7 Describe the epidemiology, causative agents
lifecycle and control of the following fungal
diseases: black pod of cocoa, damping off of
seedling, leaf spot of groundnut; rusts and smuts
of maize, rice, blast.

132

Infected plant parts e.g.
fruits, seeds, leaves, stem,
seedlings. Also culture
media microscopes,
prepared slides
Microscopes

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes

Teacher's
activities

Practical Content
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's
Resources
activities

5.8 Describe the epidemiology of the following
bacterial diseases, blights of Soya beans, urlt off
disease; citrus canker; bacterial spot of tomato.
5.9 Describe the epidemiology of the following
viral diseases, cocoa swollen shoot, cassava
mosaic.

13-15

5.10 Describe the life history of vectors of plant
diseases of aphids.
5.11 Explain the Koch's postulates of establishing
pathogen city of disease.
5.12 Describe the general principles of plant
disease control-exclusion, eradication, protection
and resistance or immunization principles.
5.13 Explain the application of the control
principles to specific plant disease.

Assessment:

Coursework/ Assignments 10%; Practical 40%; Examination 50 %
Recommended Textbooks & References:

(1) Biology: A Functional Approach by M.B.U. Roberts.
(2) Study Guide to accompany Microbiology by Cynthia Friend Norton.
nd
(3) Introduction to Biology (2 West African Edition) by D.G. MaCkean
(4) A. Modern Course in Biology by M. Deardem.
(5) Parasitology and Vector Biology (2nd Edition). Marquardt, W.C., Demaree, R.S. & Grieve, R.B published by Harcourt/Academic Press

133

Course: Inorganic Chemistry II
Department/Programme: National Diploma
Course: Inorganic Chemistry II Course Code: STC 211 Credit Hours: 3
Year: Semester:
Pre-requisite:
Theoretical: 1 hours/week
Practical:
2 hours /week
General Objectives

1. Understand the relation of alkali and alkaline metals to atoms
2. Understand the electronic configuration of group 1 elements
3. Understand the electronic configuration of group 2 elements
4. Understand the gradation in properties of elements
5. Understand the effects of the presence of group II metal ions in water
6. Understand relationships in properties of elements of group III and group IV
7. Understand the occurrences, properties and reactions of the halogens

134

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's Resources Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Resources
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
General Objective 1: Understand the relation of alkali and alkaline metals to atoms
Lecture
Classroom students handle models guide students
models (or model making
On completion of this course, the
resources of s, p and d orbitals
materials such as modelling
student should be able to:baloons)
1.1 Explain that the alkali metals are
all group 1 elements and have one
electron in their outer most orbital.
1.2 List the elements in group 1 as in
1.1 above
1.3 Write the electronic configuration
1-2
of the atoms of these elements in
group 1 in terms of s,p,d orbital.
1.4 Explain the following properties of
some metals based on their atomic
sizes:-

a) Softness
b) Low density
c) Low melting point.
General Objective 2: Understand the electronic configuration of group 1 elements
Lecture
Classroom Lecturer (NOT student) Do the demonstrat'n do not
2.1 Explain why the electronic
resources performs demonstration allow students to do it.
configuration of these elements in 1.4
of the reactivity of Li, Na
above confers many similarities in
and K in water
chemical behaviour on them e.g.

a) reactivity
b) univalence
c) formation of ionic
compounds
d) strong reducing
agents
e) low ionization
energy

135

chemicals safety screen test tubes
etc
www.chemsoc.org/pdf/learnnet/
classicdemos/Alkalimetals.pdf

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's Resources Specific Learning
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
Lecturer (NOT student)
2.2 Describe changes in the general
performs demonstration
properties of the atom and the
of the reactivity of Li, Na
corresponding ions of these elements
and K in concentrated
in group 1 on descending the group
4
HCl
viz: atomic size, ionic size, ionization
energy, electroegativity.
2.3 Explain the differences between
lithium and the other group 1
elements
General Objective: 3 Understand the electronic configuration of group 2 elements
Lecture
Classroom Demonstrate the
3.1 Describe the electronic
resources reactivity of Mg and Ca
configuration of alkaline earth metalsin water and in some
group II.
acidic solvents
3.2 List the elements in group II.
3.3 Describe changes in the general
5
properties of the atom and the
corresponding ions of these elements
in group II on descending the group
viz: atomic size, ionic size, ionization
energy, electroegativity.
General Objective 4: Understand the gradation in properties of elements
Lecture
Classroom React Mg with dilute
4.1 Describe the gradation in the
resources HCl and measure the
properties of the elements in group II
volume of H2 gas
in terms of metallic characteristics
produced by using an
and chemical behaviour.
inverted burette.
4.2 Relate the properties shown by
elements in groups I and II with
respect to:-

a) electronic
configuration;
b) atomic and ionic
radii
c) ionization energies
d) lattice and bond
energies

136

Practical Content
Teacher's activities
Resources

do the demonstration do not
allow students to do so

eye protection
see www.chemsoc.org/networks/
learnnet/classic_exp.htm

Guide and supervise students eye protection
see www.chemsoc.org/networks/
learnnet/classic_exp.htm

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's Resources Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
Investigate the ease of
4.3 Explain the similarities between
decomposition of Na, K,
alkali metals and alkaline earth
Pb and Cu carbonates
metals.
4.4 Explain the differences between
7-8
alkali and alkaline earth metals.
4.5 Explain the anomalous behaviour
of beryllium
4.6 Explain reasons why lithium
resembled group II metals.
General Objective 5: Understand the effects of the presence of group II metal ions in water
Classroom Remove water hardness Guide the students
5.1 Relate the presence of Ca++ and Lecture
resources by distillation, addition
Mg++ ion in water to hardness of
of
water.
Lecture
5.2 Differentiate between temporary
Classroom Mg2 CO3
and permanent hardness.
resources
5.3 State the disadvantages of hard
Determine hardness of
9-11
water
water using EDTA
5.4 Describe methods of removal of
titration.
hardness.
5.5 Explain how the complexity agent
EDTA may be used to estimate the
amount of Ca++ and Mg++ present in
water.
General Objective 6: Understand relationships in properties of elements of group III and group IV
see
Classroom Investigate the
6.1 List the elements in groups III and Lecture
www.chemsoc.org/networks/
resources properties of carbon
iV respectively.
(lead from a pencil) and learnnet/classic_exp.htm
6.2 Write the electronic configuration
aluminium (aluminium
of the elements in group III and IV
foil) by testing
6.3 Describe the gradation in the
conductivity and
properties of the elements of groups
12-14 III and IV with respect to:reaction with acid

a) metallic
characteristics
b) nature of bonding
in their chlorides

Investigate the reactivity
of halogens

137

Resources

see above
bunsen test tubes retort stands etc

Laboratory resources
Laboratory resources

chlorine, bromine, and iodine
water indicator paper KCl, KBr,
and KI

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's Resources Specific Learning
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
c) relative stability of
their oxidation state.
d) Acidic/basic nature
of their oxides.

Practical Content
Teacher's activities
Resources

6.4 Explain the diagonal relationship
between Boron and Silicon
6.5 Explain why properties of the first
element in the group differ from those
of the other members.
6.6 Relate properties of the elements
in groups III and IV to their uses.
General Objective 7 Understand the occurrences, properties and reactions of the halogens
Lecture
Classroom Identify fluorine,
7.1 List the halogens.
resources chloride, bromide and
7.2 Describe the occurrences of
Iodine ions in the
halogens in nature.
laboratory
7.3 Write the electronic configuration
of the halogens.
7.4 Describe the elemental forms of
Reaction of Iodine with
group VII elements.
zinc to give a salt
7.5 Describe the physical and
chemical properties of fluorine,
chlorine, Bromide and Iodine.
7.6 Compare the acid strengths of
fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine
7.7 Describe the preparation and
properties of oxycompounds of
halogens, oxyacids of chlorine.

138

test tubes, alcohol, iodine,
thermometer test tubes filter paper
etc

Assessment:
Course test 10 %; Practical 40 % Examination 50%
Recommended Textbooks & References:

139

Course: Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Quality Control
Programme: ND Science Lab. Technology
Course: Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Quality Control Course Code: STC 212 Credit Hours: 5
Year: Semester:
Pre-requisite:
Theoretical: hours/week 2
Practical:
hours /week 3
General Objectives

1. Understand the principles of spectrophotometry
2. Understand the principles of atomic spectroscopy
3. Understand the principles of ion selective electrodes
4. Understand the principles of mass spectrometry
5. Understand the principles of NMR
6. Further understand the techniques of HPLC and GC
7. Understand the principles of Quality Control

140

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources
Week/s
activities
General Objective 1:
Lectures
Classroom
1.1. Revise the properties of light, including
resources
frequency, wavelength and energy
1.2. Discuss the electromagnetic spectrum
1.3. Relate the energy associated with different
1
regions of the electromagnetic spectrum to
interactions with matter. E.g. electronic and
molecular absorption, molecular vibrations and
rotation and proton orientation in magnetic field.
Lecture
Classroom
1.4. Understand the basic principles of light
resources
absorption
1.5. Understand the Beer-Lambert law and its
limitations
2
1.6. Discuss emission spectra
1.7. Describe the instrumental set-up of single and
double beam spectrophotometers
1.8. Understand the characteristics of UV-Visible
absorption spectroscopy
Lecture
Classroom
1.9. Understand the characteristics of Infrared
resources
spectroscopy, including fourier transform and
interferometry
1.10. Understand the principles of flow injection
3
analysis and how it can be applied to spectroscopy
1.11. Discuss the principles and applications of
immunoassays
General Objective 2: Understand the principles of atomic spectroscopy
Classroom
2.1 Discuss the principles of atomic spectroscopy Explain with
2.2 Discuss different methods to atomise samples - relevant examples resources
flames, furnaces and plasmas
2.3 Discuss the effect of temperature on atomic
spectroscopy - Boltzmann distribution
4
2.4 Understand the principles of Atomic Emission
Spectroscopy (AES)
2.5 Discuss flame emission spectroscopy
2.6 Explain the relationship between the emission
intensity of colour flame and concentration of

141

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
activities

Resources

Use of prisms and
diffraction gratings to
explore the properties of
light

Demonstrate and Prisms, diffraction
allow students to gratings, light
explore
source

Determination of
phosphate in cola by UVvisible spectrometry

Demonstrate and Spectrometer,
guide students
cola samples,
phosphate
standards

Determination of Cr(VI) in
water by UV-Visible
spectrometry

Guide students

Determine alkali and
alkaline earth metals using
flame photometer (flame
AES)

Guide students in
sample
preparation,
demonstrate
equipment

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources
Week/s
activities
substance
2.7 Understand how a flame photometer works
2.8 Draw a schematic diagram of a flame
photometer
2.9 Understand the applications of flame emission
spectroscopy, including flame photometry
Lectures
Classroom
2.10 Understand the principles of Atomic
resources
Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and how it differs
to AES
5
2.11 Discuss the application of the Hollow Cathode
Lamp (HCL) as a light source
2.12 Discuss applications and sensitivity of AAS
General Objectives: 3 Understand the principles of ion selective electrodes
Lectures
Classroom
2.1 Understand how the Nernst equation can be
resources,
applied to ISEs
calculators
2.2 Understand the relationship between activity
and concentration
2.3 Discuss the effect of ionic strength on activity
6
and the use of TISAB in ISE experiments
2.4 Discuss the selectivity of ISEs
2.5 Calculate the percentage error from interfering
species
Lectures
Classroom
2.6 Describe the glass membrane electrode (pH)
materials
2.7 Discuss the possible errors in pH measurement
2.8 Describe the types of solid state membrane
ISEs
2.9 Discuss one or two examples of solid state
ISEs e.g. fluoride electrode
7
2.10 Describe ion exchange and liquid membrane
electrodes
2.11 Discuss one or two examples of ion exchange
2+
and liquid membrane ISEs e.g. Ca
2.12 Briefly discuss gas sensing electrodes
2.13 Discuss calibration of ISEs

142

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
activities

Determination of copper in
aqueous solution using
AAS and the method of
standard additions

Guide students in
sample
preparation,
demonstrate
equipment

Use of pH electrode in a
titration

Demonstrate and
guide students

Demonstrate and
Analyse the fluoride
content in toothpaste and guide students
tap water using the fluoride
ISE

Resources

Toothpaste, tap
water (spiked if
necessary),
fluoride ISE

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources
Week/s
activities
General Objective 4: Understand the principles of mass spectrometry
Lectures
Classroom
4.1 Discuss the various elements of a mass
resources
spectrometer: ioniser, ion analyser, detector
4.2 Draw a schematic of a mass spectrometer
4.3 Understand the basic principles of mass
8
spectrometry
4.4 Discuss the applications of mass spectrometry
e.g. determination of RAM, RMM and molecular
formulae
Classroom
4.5 Understand how to identify the molecular ion in Lectures
resources,
a mass spectra and relevant isotopes
sample mass
9
4.6 Discuss how to identify possible fragmentations
spectra
for compounds
4.7 Interpret basic mass spectra
General Objective 5: Introduction to proton NMR spectroscopy
Lectures
Classroom
5.1 Discuss how chemically distinct hydrogens
resources
produce a resonance in the NMR spectra
5.2 Discuss how integration provides information
on the relative numbers of different hydrogens
10
5.3 Discuss the basic principles of chemical shift
5.4 Understand the concept of splitting (without J
numbers)
Lectures/workshop Classroom
5.5 Interpret basic NMR spectra without splitting
resources,
(using printed examples)
11
sample NMR
5.6 Interpret basic NMR spectra with simple
spectra
splitting (using printed examples)
5.7 Predict NMR spectra for simple examples
General Objective 6: Further understanding of HPLC and GC
Lecture
Classroom
6.1 Discuss the effect of migration rates and zone
resources
broadening on resolution of chromatographic techniques
6.2 Discuss the types of detector systems used for
GC: Flame Ionisation Detectors (FID), Thermal
12
Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Sulphur
Chemiluminescence Detector (SCD), Electron
Capture Detector (ECD), Atomic Emission Detector
(AED), Thermionic Detectors (TID), Flame

143

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
activities

Determination of caffeine Guide students
by UV-visible spectrometry

Resources

Spectrometer at
274 nm

Experiment: preparation
and then analyse printed
mass spectra for sample.

Determination of sodium,
calcium and potassium in
tap water by flame
photometry (flame AES)

Guide students

Analyse printed NMR
spectra

Guide students

Determination of caffeine
and aspirin in analgesic
remedies by HPLC.
Compare results with UVVis experiment

Demonstrate
techniques and
guide students

Sample NMR
spectra

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
Photometric Detector (FPD)
6.3 Discuss stationary phases and types of column
(packed and open tubular columns) and their
applications
6.4 Draw a schematic of a gas chromatograph
6.5 Discuss the retention index (I) as a means of
identifying solutes from a chromatogram
6.6 Discuss how GC may be coupled to mass
spectrometry and FTIR and what advantages this
gives
Guide students
6.7 Understand the properties of liquid
chromatographic columns and packings for HPLC
6.8 Discuss mobile phase selection
13
6.9 Discuss the types of detectors used in HPLC
e.g. absorbance, fluorescence, electrochemical,
FTIR, mass spectrometry etc
6.10 Discuss applications of HPLC
General Objective 7: Understand the principles of Quality Control
Lectures
7.1 Discuss the role of Good Laboratory Practice
and Quality Control in the laboratory
7.2 Discuss the ISO 9000 series of standards for
quality assurance and quality management.
7.3 Understand the need for Certified Reference
14
Materials (CRM)
7.4 Discuss the role of Standard Operating
Procedures (SOP) and what they should cover.
7.5 Understand how to write and follow an SOP
Lectures
7.6 Discuss the validation of analytical methods:
specificity or selectivity; accuracy; precision;
recovery; range; interferences.
7.7 Discuss the role and scope of accredited
laboratories and the accreditation procedure
15
7.8 Discuss the use of quality control charts and
other documentation
7.9 Discuss the use of CRMs and statistics for
Inter-laboratory trials

Practical Content
Teacher's
activities

Resources

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Classroom
resources

Guide students
Determination of
benziodiazapines (namely
nitrazepam and diazepam)
in proprietary tablets using
HPLC

Classroom
resources

Follow an SOP, including
sample preparation and
results analysis (open
choice of method).

Guide students

Classroom
resources

Compare class results of
above experiment as part
of an 'inter-laboratory trial'

Blackboard, chalk,
Guide students
calculators
and set up
collaboration and
discussion of
results

144

Resources

Resources for
chosen
experiment

Assessment:
Coursework/Assignments Course test 10%; Practical 40%; Examination 50%
Recommended Textbooks & References:

D.A. Skoog, F.J. Holler and T.A. Nieman, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Fifth Edition. Thomson Learning. 1998.
J.N. Miller and J.C. Miller. Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry. Fourth Edition. Prentice Hall. 2000.
D.C. Harris. "Quantitative Chemical Analysis", 6th Edition, Freeman, New York. 2002.
D.A. Skoog, D.M. West & F.J. Holler. "Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry", 7th edition. Saunders and Holt, New York. 1996
R. Kellner, J.-M. Mermet, M. Otto & H.M. Widmer (eds.). "Analytical Chemistry" Wiley-VCH, Chichester. 1998
R. Levinson. More modern Chemical Techniques. The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2001
P.A. Carson & N.J. Dent (eds,) Good Laboratory and clinical practices, Techniques for the quality assurance professional. Heinemann Newnes. 1990.
M. Parkany (ed.) Quality Assurance for Analytical Laboratories. The Royal Society of Chemistry. 1993.
See also Journal of Chemical Education, published by the Division of Chemical Education of the American Chemical Society

145

Course: Electronics
Department/Programme: National Diploma Science Laboratory Technology
Course: Electronics
Course Code: STP 211
Year: 2 Semester: 1
Pre-requisite:

Credit Hours:
Theoretical:
Practical:

4
1 hours/week
3 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand the basic concepts of semiconductors
2. Understand the construction, operation and simple application of p-n junction diodes
3. Understand the construction, operation and characteristics of bipolar transistors and circuit properties of the three transistor configurations
4. Understand the construction and characteristics of vacuum triodes, tetrode and pentode valves

146

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Resources Specific Learning
Week/s
Outcomes
General Objective 1: Understand the basic concepts of semiconductors
Semi Conductor Theory
Classroom
Lecture
1.1 Explain electronic structure of Illustrate with diagrams. resources
Make a list of insulators,
elements
conductors and
1.2 Explain covalent bonds,
semiconductors and ask
valency band, conduction band
the students to group
and energy gap for forbidden
them under the heading
energy band.
1.3 Explain discrete energy levels insulator, semiconductors
and conductors
in atoms
1.4 Draw the energy band
structure for a conductor, a semiconductor and an insulator.
1.5 Explain the properties of a
semiconductor in relation to
conductors and insulators.
1-2
1.6 State the two common types
of semiconductor materials,
silicon and germanium.
1.7 Explain qualitatively the
structure of intrinsic n- type and ptype semiconductors.
1.8 Explain electrical conduction
as apparent movement of holes in
p-type semiconductor material
and movement of electrons in ntype semiconductor material.
1.9 State the effect of
temperature change on intrinsic
conduction in semiconductors.

147

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Practical Content
Resources Specific Learning Teacher's activities
Week/s
Outcomes
General Objective 2: 0 Understand the construction, operation and simple application of p-n junction diodes
Students should observe what
Lecture and use
Classroom Demonstrate the
2.1 Explain the formation of the
resources action of p-n junction happens when a diode is reversed
depletion region and the junction diagrams to illustrate.
biased and forward biased
diode in the
potential when ap-type and an ntype semiconductors are brought
in contact.
Students should perform the
i forward bias
2.2 Draw a p-n junction
experiment to determine
mode
connected in the:ii reverse bias static characteristic of a germanium
a) forward bias mode and
and silicon diode
mode
b) reverse bias mode, indicating
for each case the current flow in
the diode and external circuit.
Determine
2.3 Explain the action of a p-n
experimentally the
junction diode in the:current/voltage static
a) forward bias mode
characteristic of a
b) reverse bias mode
germanium and
2.4 Describe with aid of diagram
silicon diode
construction of a diode.
3-5
2.5 Compare the typical static
characteristics for germanium and
silicon diodes to illustrate different
in forward voltage drop and
reverse current.
2.6 State the diode equation for
the current flowing at a given
applied voltage and temperature
and define the symbols used.
2.7 Explain the dynamic (or a.c.)
resistance of a diode at a given
d.c. voltage.
2.8 Explain reverse saturation
current, breakdown voltage and
the importance of considering the
peak inverse voltage of the diode.

148

Resources

A multimeter
Silicon diode,
germanium diode, a
rheostat, a voltmeter,
a milliammeter, a
micro- ammeter,
power supply in the
range 0 - 50 volts

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

2.9 State the applications of the
following diodes and draw the
circuit symbols of each :a) Power diodes
b) Zener diodes
c) Signal diodes
and
d) Varactor
diodes
e) Tunnel diode
f) Light emitting
diode (LED)
g) Photo diode
6-7

8-9

Lecture

Resources Specific Learning
Outcomes
Classroom Identify the following
resources diodes:Power diodes
Zener diodes
Signal diodes
Veractor diodes
Tunnel diode
Light emitting diode
(LED)
Photo diode

Demonstrate
rectification
Perform an
experiment to
determine the static
characteristic of a
Zener diode

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Power diodes
Make available the diodes in
question and identify each of them Zener diodes
Signal diodes and
With the use of oscilloscope show Varactor diodes
Tunnel diode
the students what is meant by
Light emitting diode
rectification of signals
(LED)
Photo diode
Students should perform an
experiment to determine the static
Oscilloscope, AC
characteristic of a Zener diode
source, rectifiers, wire
connectors and keys.
DC volt meter,
milliammetre (DC),
connection wires,
resistor, a rheostat
and source of emf

2.10 Explain the action of a
semiconductor diode as a half
wave rectifier and full wave
rectifier illustrating with sketches
of the circuit diagrams and wave
forms of the applied a.c. voltage
and the load current or load
voltage for a resistive load.
2.11 Explain avalanche effect and
zener effect as the two
breakdown mechanisms in
semiconductor diodes.
2.12 Draw the static characteristic
of a zener diode relating it to that
of a conventional diode.
General Objective 3: Understand the construction, operation and characteristics of bipolar transistors and circuit properties of the three
transistor configurations
Semi Conductor devices
Lecture
Classroom Identify the two
Students should be shown the
.
(Bipolar Junction)
resources types of bipolar
PNP, and NPN transistors
transistors
3.1 Describe with the help of
Lecture
PNP, and NPN
diagrams and circuit symbols the
transistors
construction of a bipolar junction

149

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

transistor as:
a) an n-p-n transistor and /or
b) a p-n-p transistor
3.2 Identify the electrodes of the
bipolar transistor as emitter, base
and collector.
3.3 State the three transistor
configurations as common base
(CB), common emitter (CE) and
common collector (CC)
3.4 Draw the n-p-n and p-n-p
transistors connected in the
common base and common
emitter configurations with their
associated biasing supplies.
Show the directions of the
currents:Ic, Ib and Ie
3.5 State the following:
i) The current flowing in the
transistor including the collector
I
leakage current ICBO
ii) The relation between the
collector current IC' emitter current
IE and base current IB (viz Ie = Ic +
Ib)
iii) Relation between the collector
current, emitter current and
leakage current (viz IC = hFB IE
+ICBO) Relation between the
collector current, base current
and leakage current from C - B
mode
(IC = hfB Ie + ICBO

Resources Specific Learning
Outcomes

Lecture
State that the emitter
base junction is always
forward biased while the
collector base junction is
always reversed biased

150

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Week/s

10-12

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Resources Specific Learning
Outcomes
Determine
experimentally CB
static characteristics
of bipolar transistors

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Students should carry out
3.6 List the circuit properties of
experiments to determine the
the three transistor configuration
common base static characteristics
such as input resistance, output
of a transistor.
resistance, current gains, voltage
Plot the output characteristics, input
gains and phase relation between
characteristics and transfer
input and output.
Determine
3.7 Sketch a circuit diagram for
experimentally the characteristics
determining common base static
common-emitter
characteristics.
static characteristics Students should perform
3.8 Explain the method of
experiments to determine the
of a transistor
obtaining the CB static
common emitter static
characteristics.
characteristics of a transistor. Plot
3.9 Plot and describe typical
the output characteristics, the input
families of curves of
characteristics and transfer
i) IC/Vcb (out-put characteristics)
characteristics. They should obtain
ii) Veb/Ie (input characteristics)
the output resistance, the input
iii) Ic/Ie (transfer characteristics)
resistance and the current gain
3.10 Sketch a circuit diagram for
from the plotted characteristics
determining the common emitter
static characteristics.
3.11 Plot and describe typical
families of curves of:
i) Ic-Vce (out-put characteristics)
ii) Vbe-Ib (in-put characteristics)
iii) Ic - Ib (transfer characteristics)
General Objective 4: Know the construction and characteristics of vacuum triodes, tetrode and pentode valves
Vacuum Diodes and Multi-Grid Lecture
Classroom Identify the different Students should be made to identify Diode valve, triode
Valves
resources types of valves.
the different types of valve
valve, tetrode valve
and pentode valve
4.1 Draw and label diagrams of
triode construction and its circuit
symbol.
4.2 Describe the principles of
operation of triodes.
4.3 Explain the effect of the
control grid on the anode.
4.4 Sketch a circuit diagram for
determining the static

151

Week/s

14-15

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

characteristics of a triode.
4.5 Sketch typical families of
curves of Ia - Va (output
characteristics) and Ia - Vg
(transfer characteristics) of a
triode.
4.6 Explain that the input
resistance is high since the grid
current is normally negligible.
4.7 Define anode slope resistance
ra, mutual conductance gm and
amplification factor u
4.8 State relationship between ra,
gm and u for a triode equivalent
circuit.
4.9 Explain the purpose of the
screen grid on the tetrode, (to
eliminate the high frequency
feedback by the grid to anode
capacitance Cga)
4.10 Sketch typical tetrode anode
characteristics and screen grid
characteristics.
4.11 Explain how the kink in the
characteristics as due to
secondary emission from the
anode.
4.12 Explain how the kink in the
characteristics limits the use of
tetrode as amplifier.
4.13 Sketch the circuit symbol of
the pentode indicating anode,
cathode heater filament, control
grid, screen grid and suppressor
grid.
4.14 Explain that the suppressor
grid eliminates the secondary

Resources Specific Learning
Outcomes

Classroom Determination of the
Lecture and use
resources static characteristics
diagrams to illustrate.
of either a triode or
Solve numerical
pentode
problems associated with
the concepts.

152

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Students should perform an
experiment to determine the static
characteristics of a triode or
pentode.

Resources

Triode, Pentode
valves, Milliammeters,
Volt meters, Rheostat
wire connectors,
Electrical keys.

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Resources Specific Learning
Outcomes

emission effects and reduces
anode to grid capacitance, Cga.
4.15 Sketch typical families of
curves of Ia - Va (output
characteristics).
4.16 Define anode slope
resistance ra, mutual
conductance Cm and
amplification factor for
comparison.
4.17 List typical value of these
parameter for the vacuum triode
and pentode for comparison.
4.18 Explain the relative
advantages and disadvantages of
transistors over vacuum tubes.

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:
Coursework/Assignments 10%; Course test 20%; Practical 30%; Examination 40%
Recommended Textbooks & References:

Principles of Electronics by T. Duncan,
A Manual of Laboratory Experiment in Electronics by C.O. Oroge

153

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Course: Thermodynamics & Electromagnetism
Programme: National Diploma Science Laboratory Technology
Course: Thermodynamics & Electromagnetism Course Code: STP 212 Credit Hours: 3
Year: 2 Semester: I
Pre-requisite:
Theoretical: hours/week 1
Practical:
hours /week 2
General Objectives

1. Understand the first law of thermodynamics and its applications
2. Understand the second law of thermodynamics and its applications
3. Understand the Magnetic effect of current and its applications
4. Understand the concept of electromagnetic induction and its application
5. Understand the principles of a.c. circuits and their applications

154

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Resources Specific Learning
Week/s
Outcomes
General Objective 1: Understand the first law of thermodynamics and its applications
First Law of Thermodynamics
Classroom
Lecture
resources
1.1 Explain the principle of conservation
of energy.
Lecture and give
1.2 State the first law of
numerical examples and Classroom
thermodynamics:resources
assignments
D Q =du + dw where dQ ia mount of
Heat
Lecture and give
supplied to the system, du is resultant
numerical examples and
increase in the internal energy of the
assignments
system, dw is the increase in the
external
Solve some numerical
work done.
problems and give
1.3 Explain the following:
assignments
i) Isothermal change
ii) Adiabatic change
1
iii) Isochoric change/is volumetric
iv) Isobaric change
1.4 Apply the first law of
thermodynamics to change in 6.3
above.
1.5 Explain the concept of work done on
or by a gas.
1.6 Write the expressions for work done
on
a gas during:
i) Isothermal change.
ii) Adiabatic change
1.7 Explain the internal energy changes
in a system.
1.8 Distinguish between Cp and Cv
where Cp = specific heat capacity at
constant pressure.
2
Cv = specific heat capacity at constant
volume.
1.9 Interpret the ratio Cp/Cv for gases.
1.10 Write the expression for the

155

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Resources Specific Learning
Outcomes

difference between specific heat
capacities of an ideal gas.
1.11 Calculate the ratio of specific heat
capacities at constant pressure to that
at constant volume of gases when the
appropriate parameters are given.
1.12 Calculate the final pressure and
temperature of gases compressed
adiabatically and isothermally using the
appropriate equations when the initial
temperature, initial pressure and final
volume are given.
General Objective 2: Understand the second law of thermodynamics and its applications
Second Law of Thermodynamics and Lecture
Classroom
Applications
resources
2.1 State the equation of state of an
Lecture with the help of
ideal gas.
sketch graph
2.2 Explain that the internal energy of
an gas depends on the absolute
temperature.
2.3 Explain the following:
i) reversible process
ii) irreversible process
2.4 Explain the working of the car not
cycle.
2.5 Explain with the aid of a diagram the
working of an ideal heat engine.
2.6 Describe the working of the actual
heat engine.
2.7 Compare the actual and ideal heat
engines
2.8 Define the efficiency of a heat
engine:Q + Q2
Q
ζ= 1
= 1− 2
Q1
Q1
Where ζ is efficiency

156

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Week/s

5-6

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Resources Specific Learning
Outcomes

Q1 us heat transfer by the heat engine
at initial temperature and Q2 is heat
transfer at final temperature.
2.9 Express efficiency in terms of
absolute temperature i.e.
T
Efficiency = 1 − 1 where T1 is initial
T2
temperature T2 is final temperature
Classroom
2.10 State and explain Kelvin - Planck's Lecture
resources
statement of second law of
thermodynamics.
2.11 State Clausius statement of
second law of thermodynamics.
2.12 Describe the internal working of an
ideal refrigerator.
2.13 Describe the internal working of
actual refrigerator.
2.14 Define the efficiency of the
refrigerator (coefficient of performance)
2.15 State the equivalence of KelvinPlanck's and Clausius statements of the
second law of thermodynamics.
General Objective 3: Understand the Magnetic effect of current and its applications
Magnetic Effects of Currents
Explain magnetic lines of Classroom Demonstrate the
resources existence of forces of
force, magnetic field flux
3.1 Define magnetic lines of force:
attraction and repulsion
density, and magnetic
magnetic field, flux density, and
linkage.
magnetic linkage.
Classroom between two parallel
3.2 State and explain the expression for
resources current carrying
conductors
the force on a charged particle moving State and explain the
in a magnetic field i.e. F= qv x B where: expressions for the force
F = force
on a charged particles
Q = charge on the particle
moving in a magnetic field
V = velocity
and for a force acting on a
B = flux density
current carrying conductor
3.3 Write and explain the expression for in a magnetic field
a force acting on a current carrying

157

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Demonstrate the
existence of forces of
attraction and repulsion
between two parallel
current carrying
conductors

Resources

.
Two current carrying
conductors and
cardboard iron fillings

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

conductor in a magnetic field F = BIL
where :
B = flux density of intensity of magnetic
field.
I = the magnitude of the current
L = the length of the conductor
3.4 Explain the principles of:
i) the cyclotron
ii) mass spectrograph
3.5 Describe the explain the forces of
attraction and repulsion existing
between two parallel current carrying
conductors.
3.8 Define the ampere.
3.9 Explain the principles of the current
balance..
3.10 Explain the behaviour of a current
carrying coil in magnetic field.
3.10 Explain the principles of:

7-8

i) electric motors
ii) the moving iron
ammeter
iii) moving coil
galvanometer
iv) ballistic
galvanometer

Resources Specific Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Describe and explain with
the help of diagrams the
forces of attraction and
repulsion existing between
two parallel current
carrying conductors

Lecture

Classroom
resources

Explain the principles of
operation of electric
motors, a moving iron
ammeter, moving coil
galvanometer, ballistic
galvanometer. Use
diagrams to illustrate.

Measure current using Allow the students to
measure current using a
a simple current
simple current balance
balance
Students should be
guided on how to use
moving iron ammeter,
moving coil
galvanometer, ballistic
galvanometer to measure
Measure current using current.
moving iron ammeter,
moving coil
galvanometer, ballistic
galvanometer
Demonstrate the
direction of the force on
a current carrying
conductor in a
magnetic field

Lecture. Use diagrams to
illustrate the expressions.
Solve some numerical
problems and give
assignments.

3.11 State the expression for the force
experienced by a current carrying
conductor of known length placed at
various angles to a uniform field of flux
density B.
3.12 Calculate the force on a current
carrying conductor in magnetic field
placed at various angles to the field.
3.13 State the units in which each

158

Simple current
balance
Heavy duty battery,
Rheostat, electrical
switch
Moving iron ammeter,
moving coil
galvanometer,
ballistic galvanometer
and source of EMF

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Resources Specific Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

quantity in the expressions written in
8.13 above
is measured .

9-10

3.14 Describe with the aid of diagrams,
the direction of current, the magnetic
field and the force in each of the cases
stated in 8.13 above.
General Objective 4 Understand the concept of electromagnetic induction and its application
Electromagnetic Induction
Lecture
Classroom Demonstrate
resources electromagnetic
4.1 Explain the concept of electric field.
induction using a
4.2 Define electric field intensity at a
magnet and a current
point.
carrying coil.
4.3 State Faraday's law of
electromagnetic induction.
4.4 State Lenz's law of electromagnetic
Describe an experiment
induction.
which illustrates the
4.5 Deduce from 9.5. and 9.6 above the
statement of Lenz's law
expression for the induced emf.
of electromagnetic
induction.
dΘ where E is induced e.m.f.
E=N
dt
Θ = magnetic flux
N = number of turns of the coil
4.6 Explain the variation of induced
e.m.f. (E) in a rotating coil at different
orientations in the field.
4.7 Calculate the magnitude of current
(1) in a coil of resistance R.
4.8 Differentiate between mutual and
self induction.

159

Current carrying coil,
Demonstrate
electromagnetic induction magnet.
using a magnet and a
current carrying coil.
Bar magnet, coil, and
galvanometer.
Allow the students to
perform the experiment
which illustrates lenz's
law of electromagnetic
induction

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Practical Content
Resources Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Week/s
Outcomes
Classroom Demonstrate how the Demonstrate how the
Explain back emf and
4.8 Explain back e.m.f. and eddy
resources induction coil operates induction coil operates
eddy current mentioning
currents.
showing the students the
4.9 Explain the principle of operation of where they occur
the induction coil stating its uses
Demonstrate how the spark gap.
4.10 Explain the principle of operation of Lecture
11
transformer functions.
a transformer. State the uses
Demonstrate how the
transformer is used to
step up, or step down
voltage
General Objective 5: Understand the principles of a.c circuits and their applications
Alternating Current Circuits
Classroom
Lecture
resources
5.1 State the expression for alternating
current and voltage:
Lecture
I = Io Cos (wt + Ø) where I is the steady
state current, Io the maximum current, = Use diagrams (sketch
12-13 2Π f, f is frequency, and Ø is phase
graph) to illustrate.
angle
Write an expression to
5.2 Define phase angle, instantaneous,
show the relationship
peak and root mean square (r.m.s)
between R.M.S and peak
values of the a.c and voltage
values of alternating

14-15

current and voltage
Lecture
5.3 Write and explain expressions for
a.c. through a resistor, a capacitor and
an inductor.
5.4 Explain the terms reactance,
inductive reactance and capacitive
reactance.
5.5 Write and explain expressions for
a.c. through a resistor and capacitor RC, resistor and inductor R-L in series
circuit.
5.6 Explain the term impedance.
5.7 Write and explain expression for the
a.c. in R-L-C series circuit.
5.8 Explain the resonance phenomenon
in R-L-C series circuit.

Classroom
resources

Investigate the
voltage/current
relationship for a simple
AC inductive circuit
Investigate the
voltage/current
relationship for a simple
AC circuit with
inductance and
resistance
Investigate the
voltage/current
relationship for a simple

160

Resources

Induction coil, car
battery
Step up transformer,
step down
transformer, AC
sources, multimeter

Students should perform
an experiment to
investigate the
voltage/current
relationship for a simple
AC inductive circuit

Low voltage AC
source, coil of large
self inductance and
negligible resistance,
AC volt meter, AC
ammeter.

Students should perform
an experiment to
investigate the
voltage/current
relationship for a simple
AC circuit with inductance
and resistance

Low voltage AC
source, non-inductive
variable resistor, fix
resistor of negligible
resistance
Low voltage AC
source, capacitor, AC

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

5.10 Explain quality factor.

Solve some numerical
5.12 Calculate the reactance of
examples and give
inductors of known values at given
assignments
frequencies.
5.13 Calculate the voltage across each
part of circuits consisting of an inductor
and capacitor in series.

Resources Specific Learning
Outcomes
AC capacitive circuit

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Perform an experiment to
investigate the
voltage/current
Investigate the
relationship for a simple
voltage/current
relationship for a simple AC capacity circuit
AC circuit with
Investigate the
capacitance and
voltage/current
resistance
relationship for a simple
AC circuit with
capacitance and
resistance

Classroom
resources

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:
Coursework/Assignments 10%; Course test 20%; Practical 30%; Examination 40%
Recommended Textbooks & References:

Advanced Level Physics by Nelkon and Parker
Physics Practical Manual by Tyler.

161

Resources

volt meter, AC
ammeter
Low voltage AC
source, noncapacitive variable
resistor and fixed
capacitor

Course: Calculus for science
Department/Programme: National Diploma Science Laboratory Technology
Course: Calculus for science
Course Code: STP 213
Year: 2 Semester: 1
Pre-requisite:

Credit Hours:
Theoretical:
Practical:

2
1 hours/week
1 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand the basic concepts of differential calculus and its application in solving scientific problems
2. Know integration as the reverse of differentiation and its application to scientific problems
3. Understand first order homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients as applied to simple circuits
4. Understand the basic concepts of partial differentiation and apply same to Scientific problems

162

Practical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's Resources
Week/s
Outcomes
activities
General Objective 1: Understand the basic concepts of differential calculus and its application in solving scientific problems
Workshop Overhead Projector,
Classroom Application of
Explain limits with examples
1. Define limits
slides, calculators,
resources
differentiations to
posters, chalk and
some
scientific
Solve numerical problems and give
2. State and prove basic theorems on
board, reference books.
problems
assignments
limits
Specific Learning Outcomes

Theoretical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

3. Define differentiation as an incremental
notation or function

1-3

4. Prove the formulae for derivative of
functions of function, product and quotient
of functions
5. Differentiate simple algebraic,
trigonometric, logarithmic exponential
functions
6. Derive second derivative of a function
7. Apply differentiation to simple science
problems

4-7

8. Explain the rate of change of a function
General Objective 2: Know integration as the reverse of differentiation and its application to scientific problems
Classroom Apply integration to
Workshop
Define integration as the reverse of
1. Define integration as the reverse of
resources
kinematics.
differentiation
differentiation
Distinguish between indefinite and
2. Distinguish between indefinite and
definite integrals
definite integrals
Determine the definite and indefinite
3. Determine the definite and indefinite
integral of a function
integral of a function
Integrate algebraic, logarithmic
4. Integrate algebraic, logarithmic
trigonometric and exponential simple
trigonometric and exponential simple
functions
functions
Integrate algebraic and trigonometric
5. Integrate algebraic and trigonometric
method, using substitution methods.
method, using substitution methods.

163

Projector, slides,
calculators, posters,
chalk and board,
reference books.

Week/s

Specific Learning Outcomes

Theoretical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

13-15

Practical Content
Teacher's Resources
activities

Integrate trigonometric and
exponential functions by parts
Integrate algebraic functions by
partial fraction.
Integrate trigonometric and
logarithmic functions applying
reduction formula
Calculate length of arc, area under a
curve, area between two curves,
volume of revolution, centre of
gravity, centre of surface area,
moment of inertia
General Objective 3: Understand first order homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients as applied to simple
electrical circuits
3.1 Define first order differential equation. Define first order differential equation Classroom Application to simple Workshop Projector, slides,
resources
electrical circuits
calculators, posters,
define first order homogeneous
3.2 define first order homogeneous
chalk and board,
differential equation
differential equation
reference books.
3.3 List the methods of solving differential List the methods of solving differential
equation by separable variables.
equation by
Identify differential equations
separable variables
reducible to homogeneous form.
3.4 Identify differential equations
Define integrating factor
reducible to
Determine the solution of differential
homogeneous form.
equations using integrating factor
3.5 Define integrating factor
3.6 Determine the solution of differential
equations
Solve many numerical problems and
using integrating factor
give assignments
General Objective 4: Understand the basic concepts of partial differentiation and apply same to Scientific problems
4.1 Solve problems on partial
Solve problems on partial
Classroom Application of partial Workshop Projector, slides,
differentiation e.g
differentiation. Give assignments.
resources
differentiation to
calculators, posters,
2
2
f (x,y) = x + y , = 2xy.
scientific problems
chalk and board,
reference books.
6. Integrate trigonometric and exponential
functions by parts
7. Integrate algebraic functions by partial
fraction.
8. Integrate trigonometric and logarithmic
functions applying reduction formula
9. Calculate length of arc, area under a
curve, area between two curves, volume
of revolution, centre of gravity, centre of
surface area, second moments and
moment of initial

8 - 12

Specific Learning
Outcomes

164

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:
Coursework 40%; Attendance 10%; Examination 50%
Recommended Textbooks & References:

Engineering Mathematics by Stroud

165

Course: Computer Packages II
Programme: Statistics (National Diploma)
Course: Computer Packages II
Course Code: COM 215
Year: 2 Semester: 3
Pre-requisite: COM 123

Total Hours:
5
Theoretical:
1 hours /week
Practical:
4 hours /week
Goal: This course is designed to enable the student to acquire a better understanding of standard computer packages.
General Objectives: On completion of this course, the diplomate will be able to:

1. Understand common graphics packages
2. Understand the concept of computer aided design.
3. Understand database management.
4. Understand a data analysis package.

166

Week

Specific Learning Outcomes

Theoretical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

General Objective 1 (COM 215): Understand common graphics packages
1.1 Obtain awareness of different types of Illustrate Graphics using pictures,
graphic representation e.g. pictures,
drawings, charts and graphs.
drawings, charts in computer system.

Practical Content
Teacher's
activities

Classroom
computer
resources CorelDraw,
PageMaker
Windows
Operating
System etc.
Classroom
1.2 Obtain appreciation of the difference Show examples of DTP and
computer
computer aided design
between DTP and computer aided
resources design.
CorelDraw,
Carryout an overview of graphic
packages in existence and if possible PageMaker
1.3 List the types and uses of graphics
identify merits and demerits of each Windows
packages (e.g. drawing packages,
Operating
painting, computer aided design, charting
System etc.
packages)

Show understanding
of topics covered

Classroom
computer
resources CorelDraw,
PageMaker
Windows
Operating
System etc.
Classroom
computer
resources CorelDraw,
PageMaker
Windows
Operating
System etc.

Show understanding
of topics covered

1.4 Obtain ability to understand how to
use graphic software to produce a
newsletter and flyers, certificates or other
one page publication.

Collect documented samples of a
newsletter, flyers and certificates and
let students design to exact
specification.
Highlight omissions and errors.

1.5 Design brochures and letter heads.

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Collect documented samples of
brochures and letterheads and let
students design to exact
specification.
Highlight omissions and errors.

167

Show understanding
of topics covered

Resources

Oversee practical Classroom
application of
computer
topics covered
resources CorelDraw,
PageMaker
Windows
Operating
System etc.
Oversee practical Classroom
application of
computer
topics covered
resources CorelDraw,
PageMaker
Windows
Operating
System etc.
Oversee practical Classroom
application of
computer
topics covered
resources CorelDraw,
PageMaker
Windows
Operating
System etc.
Oversee practical Classroom
application of
computer
topics covered
resources CorelDraw,
PageMaker
Windows
Operating
System etc.

Week

Specific Learning Outcomes

Theoretical Content
Teacher's activities

1.6 Design greetings cards, invitations
and folders
5

Resources

Classroom
computer
resources CorelDraw,
PageMaker
Windows
Operating
System etc.
Let students design using samples
Classroom
1.7 Creating, opening and saving card
from templates and clip arts.
computer
presentations.
resources CorelDraw,
1.8 Work in different views and with
PageMaker
slides.
Windows
Operating
System etc.
General Objective 2 (COM 215): Understand the concept of computer aided design.
Classroom
Explain the basics of AutoCAD
2.1 Understand layout planning and
computer
plotting
resources Explain drawing with
AutoCAD
2.2 Understand how to create 3D images. precision using the AutoCAD
software
package.

2.3 Understand the use of blocks,
attributes and external references

Collect samples of greetings cards
and similar items.

Explain controlling the drawing
display in AutoCAD.
Explain applying dimensioning and
tolerancing techniques to drawing

8
2.4 Understand how to create layer,
projection types and solid modelling.

168

Classroom
computer
resources AutoCAD
software

Practical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's
Outcomes
activities
Show understanding Oversee practical
of topics covered
application of
topics covered

Show understanding
of topics covered

Resources

Classroom
computer
resources CorelDraw,
PageMaker
Windows
Operating
System etc.
Oversee practical Classroom
application of
computer
topics covered
resources CorelDraw,
PageMaker
Windows
Operating
System etc.

Show understanding
of topics covered

Oversee practical Classroom
application of
computer
topics covered
resources AutoCAD
software

Show understanding
of topics covered

Oversee practical Classroom
application of
computer
topics covered
resources AutoCAD
software

Week

Specific Learning Outcomes

Theoretical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Explain use of manual creations to
2.5 Aquire ability to carry the following
draw, plan, create and produce a
using AutoCAD:
complete architectural design using
(a) plan a layout and carryout plotting.
AutoCAD software.
(b) create three- dimensional images
(c) use blocks, attributes and external
references
(d) create layering, projection types and
solid modelling.
General Objective 3 (COM 215): Understand database management.
3.1 Understand the functions of any
Explain variable, constant, datatype
DBMS e.g Microsoft Access.
objects, collection, and events.
Give examples of DBMS activities
(update, sorting, etc.)

Classroom
computer
resources AutoCAD
software

Classroom
computer
resources Access
software

3.2 Understand data base structure.

Explain variable, constant, datatype
objects, collection, and events.

Classroom
computer
resources Access
software

Practical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's
Outcomes
activities
Show understanding Oversee practical
of topics covered
application of
topics covered

Apply Access to work
with sets of records
such as:
(a) personnel records
(creation and
retrieval)
(b) medical records
(creation and
retrieval)
(c) library records
(creation and
retrieval)
Carry out the
following: using the
above records
Find and sort data
Work with queries and
forms

169

Resources

Classroom
computer
resources AutoCAD
software

Oversee practical Classroom
application of
computer
topics covered
resources Access software

Week

Specific Learning Outcomes

Theoretical Content
Teacher's activities

3.2 (continued) Understand data base
structure.

Resources

Give examples of DBMS activities
(update, sorting, etc.)

Classroom
computer
resources Access
software

Specific Learning
Outcomes
Share data between
other applications

Practical Content
Teacher's
activities
Oversee practical
application of
topics covered

Create macros

Resources

Classroom
computer
resources Access software

Generate reports
Handle run time
errors and secure
your data.
General Objective 4 (COM 215): Understand a data analysis package.
.
4.1 Understand the functions of data
Explain data analysis
analysis packages (SPSS, SSIDM)

4.2 Understand the definition of data
analysis

Explain various functions of a data
analysis package

4.3 Acquire an overview of data analysis
packages
4.4 Understand the basics of a data
analysis package.

Give an overview of data analysis
packages.
Present an overview of how to use
build and execute commands
and read, write and code data.

4.5 Understand build and execute
commands
4.6 Understand reading, writing and code Explain
(a) statistical graphs,
of data.
(b) frequency distribution
(c) correlation analysis
4.7 Understand the presentation of
(d) comparison of means
statistical graphs, freer distribution and
(e) construction of report summary of
correlation analysis.
and reproduction of statistical reports.

170

Show understanding
Classroom
of topics covered
computer
resources SPSS software

Oversee practical Classroom
application of
computer
topics covered
resources SPSS, software

Show understanding
Classroom
of topics covered
computer
resources SPSS software

Oversee practical Classroom
application of
computer
topics covered
resources SPSS, software

Show understanding
Classroom
of topics covered
computer
resources SPSS software

Oversee practical Classroom
application of
computer
topics covered
resources SPSS, software

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:
Coursework/Assignments %; Course test %; Practical %; Projects %; Examination %
Type of Assessment
Examination
Test
Practical / Projects
Total

Purpose and Nature of Assessment (COM 215)
Weighting (%)
Final Examination (written) to assess knowledge and understanding
60
At least 1 progress test for feed back.
20
To be assessed by the teacher
20
100

Recommended Textbooks & References:

171

NDII 2ND Semester
Course: Genetics
Department/ Programme: National Diploma
Course: Genetics
Course Code: STB 221
Year: Semester:
Pre-requisite:

Credit Hours:
Theoretical:
Practical:

3
1 hours/week
2 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand basic concepts in Genetics
2. Understand rudiments of Mendelian Genetics
3. Understand the concept of dominance and deviations from Mendelian Genetics
4. Understand sex determination and sex linkage
5. Understand the mechanism of variation and mutation
6. Understand the basic concept in genetic engineering

172

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
General Objective 1.0: Understand Basic Concepts in Genetics
Basic Concepts In Genetics
lecture and
Blackboard
discussion
Chalk
1.1 Define genetics.
Overhead
1.2 Define genes
1-2
projectors
1.3 Explain the importance of
chromosomes and genes in heredity.
General Objective 2.0: Understand Rudiments of Mendelian Genetics
Mendelian Laws
Lecture
Classroom Identifying chromosomes in
prepare slide of mitosis.
2.1 Explain Mendel's experiments and
points out the conclusions from the
experiments
2.2 Explain the following terms,
monohybrid, dihybrid, alleles, linkage,
3-4
recessive gene, dominant gene,
phenotype, genotype
2.3 State the two Mendelian laws of
inheritance.
2.4 Explain, the first and the second
laws of Mendel, in relation to meiosis.
Identifying chromosomes.
2.5 List examples of monohybrid
inheritance in fruit fly (Drosophila
melanogaster) albinism cystic
fibrosis, and chondrodystrophic
dwarfism in men.
2.6 Describe dihybrid inheritance by
5-6
means of plant height/flower colour;
seed coat/position of flower, or any
other combination of character of pea
plant (Pisum Sativum).
2.7 Explain the deviations from
Mendelian ratio

173

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources
activities

Assist students to Prepared slides
Use the laboratory Microscopes
materials
Slides & cover slips

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning
Teacher's
Resources
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
activities
General Objective 3.0: Understand the concept of dominance and deviations from Mendelian Genetics
Dominance
Lecture
Classroom Identify the various degrees .Identify examples Genetic Corn.
of dominance:- complete no in the field.
3.1 Describe complete dominance as
Classroom lectures
dominance and partial
in Mendel's experiments where in
and discussions.
dominance.
heterozygous one allele is expressed
in the phenotype.
7-8
3.2 Explain deviations by linkage;
multiple alleles(codominance); lethal
genes in mice, dorminance
3.3 Explain the genetic basis of ABO
blood group.
General Objective 4.0: Understand Sex determination and Sex linkage
Sex Determination and Linkage
Organisms, Identify the characteristics
Field
that qualify an organism for
observations and fly, rats.
4.1 Explain the mechanism of sex
use in genetic experiments
classroom
determination
with references to
4.2 Describe sex linked inheritance as lectures and
9-10
Drosophila and
discussion
in eye colour in Drosophila; colour
Neurospora.
blindness and haemophilia in man.
4.3 Explain the relevance of genetics
in disputed paternity.
General Objective 5.0: Understand the mechanism of variation and Mutation
Variation and Mutation
Assist students to Drosophila culture.
Observation and Classroom Separating individual
characteristics.
examine the
classroom
5.1 Define variation
individual
lectures and
5.2 Differentiate between continuos
11
characteristics.
discussions
and discontinuous variations.
5.3 Explain the role of meiosis in
causing variation
Lecture
5.4 Define mutation
5.5 State the causes of mutation
5.6 List and describe the kinds of mutation
5.7 Explain the role of mutation in variation
12-13
5.8 Explain the following:Mongolism/Down's syndrome;
Klinefelter's syndrome; Terner's
syndrome and XYZ combinations.

174

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
General Objective 6.0: Understand the basic concept in genetics Engineering
Genetics Engineering
. Lecture
Classroom Insert plasmid pAMP into
. Assignment
e.coli
6.1 Define Biotechnology
14
6.2 Explain Nucleic acid and nonnucleic acid biotechnology.

6.3 Explain Genetic manipulation
techniques
6.4 State the importance of
biotechnology in development.

Assessment:
Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Practical 40 %; Examination 50 %
Recommended Textbooks & References:

Biology: A Functional Approach, by Michael Roberts, Nelson Thornes (Publishers) Ltd
Introduction to Biology (2

West African Edition) by D.G. MaCkean

A. Modern Course in Biology by M. Deardem.

175

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources
activities

Guide and
Internet.
supervise students
http://academy.d20.co.edu/
kadets/lundberg/student.html
e.coli and pAMP, sterile pipettes,
petri dishes agar, ampicillin, test
tubes etc

Course: Ecology
Department/ Programme: National Diploma
Course: Ecology
Course Code: STB 222
Year: Semester:
Pre-requisite:

Credit Hours:
Theoretical:
Practical:

5
2 hours/week
3 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Know the various ecological terminologies and types of habitats
2. Understand the concept of succession
3. Understand the problems confronting organism in their habitat
4. Know the concept of population ecology
5. Understand the soil as an ecosystem
6. Know the pollutants and effect of pollution on the environment, vegetation and animal life

176

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
activities
General Objective 1: Know the various ecological terminologies and types of habitats
Types of Habitat
Audio visual film Overhead
Measure temperature, light intensity, wind
Conduct practical
of various
projector,
evaporation rate, relative humidity and saturation Conduct practical
1.1 Define ecology
vegetation zones films
deficit in terrestrial habitats.
on weather
1.2 Define habitat
measurements.
1.3 Identify different kinds of
habitats i.e. aquatic, terrestrial
and arboreal habitats.
1
1.4 Differentiate between fresh
water habitat, marine habitat and
brackish water habitat.
1.5 Differentiate between forest,
savannah and desert.
1.6 Identify various vegetational
zones of Nigeria and Africa.
Measure temperature, turbidity (light penetration Conduct field trips
1.7 Identify the diagnostic
depth), pH, salinity in aquatic habitats.
features of mangrove forest,
tropical rainforest, deciduous
forest.
1.8 Identify the diagnostic
features of guinea savannah,
Sudan Savannah and Sahel
Savannah
1.9 Define ecological niche.
1.10 Describe the status of a
2
terrestrial arthropod e.g. wood
louse by observing its response
to light, temperature, humidity
and gravity.
1.11 Define environment.
1.12 List environmental factors
and their effect on various
beings.
1.13 Identify the instruments
used in measuring the various
environmental factors.

177

Resources

Soil thermometer
Psychomotor dry
and wet bulb
thermometer
Rain gauge
Sunshine recorder
light meter
Meteorological
station
Anemometer wind
vane.

secchi disc pH
meters

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
activities
General Objective 2: Understand the Concept of Succession
Concept of Succession
Cleared are Examine and describe an arboreal habitat, for
Audio-visual
Audio
example the trunk of a palm tree which usually
exposures
2.1 Define Succession.
visuals
carries specialised fauna and flora like ferns,
2.2 Define and explain primary
mosses and orchids and insects with their larvae.
succession.
Field trips
2.3 List and describe factors
such as erosion, strong winds,
3
hurricanes, volcanic actions etc.
as being responsible for primary
bare surfaces such as bare land,
depositing dunes, volcanic ash
etc.
Examine and describe stratification in a forest, a
2.4 Define secondary succession
savannah and aquatic communities
2.5 List and describe the factors
that give rise to secondary
succession.
2.6 Describe the series of
communities in a succession pioneers, the intermediate or
4
transitory communities and the
climax community.
2.7 Describe the processes
involved in ecological
successions, nudation,
immigration, acesis, reaction and
stabilisation.
General Objective 3: Understand the problems confronting organism in their habitat
Problems of organisms in their
Examine and describe an epiphyte and its
Preserved
habitat
responses to light, temperature, humidity and
specimen.
gravity.
3.1 List and explain the problems
of plants living in fresh water
habitats such as the problems of
5
buoyancy inadequate sunlight,
low oxygen tension, reproduction
etc.
3.2 List and explain the problems

178

Resources

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
of animals living in fresh water
habitats - the problems of
buoyancy, breathing, feeding,
reproduction and enemies.
3.3 Identify the various adaptive
features employed by plants and
animals in overcoming their
problems in fresh water habitats.
3.4 List and explain the problems
of plants living in brackish water
habitat - problems of buoyancy.
Flooding, respiration, osmotic
balance.
3.5 Identify the adaptations of
mangrove plants to life in their
habitat - red mangrove
(Rhizophara) and white
mangrove (Avicenia)
3.6 List and explain the problems
of animals living in brackish
water - problems of wave action,
salinity,. Water current.
3.7 Describe the adaptations of
animal communities to life in
brackish water habitat
3.8 Explain poor light condition
as a major problem of organisms
living in tropical rainforest.
3.9 Describe the adaptation of
6
plants as a means of solving the
problem of poor light in rainforest
- long petioles of plants, climbing
habit, mosaic arrangement of
leaves etc.
3.10 List and describe the
problems of organisms in the
savannah - drought, poor soils,

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
activities

Measure environmental factors applying the
instruments identified above e.g. psychometric for
measuring humidity, rain gauge for measuring
rain fall, light meter for determining light intensity,
Secchi disk for determining depth of light
penetration into a pond: anemometer for
estimating wind speed; thermometer for
measuring temperature; pH meter of pH paper for
determining acidity or alkalinity of pond water or
soil.

179

Resources

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Resources Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
activities
fires, seasonal food scarcity and
shelter.
3.11 Explain the xeromorphic
features of savannah plants.
3.12 Describe the adaptations of
plant communities for surviving
annual grass fires - tick bark,
vigorous regeneration, fire
resistant seeds, underground
perenating organs (e.g. tuber,
bulbs, rhizomes).
3.13 Explain the physiological
adaptations of savannah species
- deciduous habit, pre-rain flusing
and flowering for life in their
habitat
General Objective 4: Know the concept of population ecology
Lecture with
Exemplify the study of succession by regular
4.1 Describe the transact
worked
observation of a cleared area
sampling technique.
4.2 Find population size applying examples.
the formula.
n
N= ×A
a
When N = population size, A =
area covered by the population: a
= average of the number of
sample plots; n = average of the
7
number of individuals in the
sample
4.3 Explain the use of lincohl
Index in estimating population
size - say in a restricted volume
of Water like fish pond.
4.4 Describe the capturerelease- recapture method of
population size estimation.
4.5 Explain the various

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precautions and assumptions in
the use of capture - release recapture method.
4.6 Describe the regression
method of estimating population
size.
4.7 Explain the assumptions
underlying the regression method
of estimating population size.
4.8 Explain population growth
and rate of growth.
8
4.9 Draw and describe the
growth curves - J - shaped and
S- shaped growth curves.
4.10 Explain the various factors
influencing sizes of populations natality, mortality, fecundity,
immigration emigration etc
4.11 Describe the regression
method of estimating population
size.
4.12 Explain the assumptions
underlying the regression method
of estimating population size.
4.13 Explain population growth
and rate of growth.
4.14 Draw and describe the
9
growth curves - J - shaped and
S- shaped growth curves.
4.15 Explain the various factors
influencing sizes of populations natality, mortality, fecundity,
immigration emigration etc
4.16 Identify the density dependent and density independent factors of
populations.

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
activities

Resources

Provide relevant preserved specimens for proper
explanation

Insect cage
Observe closely laboratory culture of lemna fruit Practical
fly (Drosophila) or stored product insect such as observation over a Fly cage
Sitophilus over a period of time and describe their period
population growth

181

Theoretical Content
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activities
4.17 Identify the biotic and abiotic
factors and explain their effect on
population sizes.
General Objective 5: Understand the soil as an ecosystem
Soil as an Ecosystem
5.1 Explain soil
5.2 List and describe the
methods of soil formation
5.3 List and describe the
components of soil
5.4 Explain the properties of soil soil texture, soil structure, soil
profile.
10
5.5 Explain the influence of
temperature, air, moisture, pH
flora and fauna of the soil.
5.6 Describe the role of microorganisms in soil
5.7 List soil macroflora and
macrofauna and describe their
influence on soil
Culture
5.8 Describe the measurement of Conduct
media
soil physical and chemical factors practicals on
Autoclave
fungi and
such as porosity (i.e. water
retention capacity): particle size, bacteria isolation Incubator
Wire loop.
pH, water content, organic matter
Soil samples
content etc.
Conduct field
5.9 Describe ways by which soil
trips
fertility is lost - e.g. erosion, leaching,
11-12
burning, over cultivation etc.
5.10 Identify and describe types
of erosion, water (Gully, Sheet)
erosion, wind erosion.
5.11 Describe methods of
controlling water erosion
5.12 Describe methods of
controlling wind erosion

Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
activities

Isolate fungi and bacteria from soil sample.

Identify the different kinds of soil and state their
properties.
Determine the fertility or otherwise of the soil
types above.

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activities
General Objective 6 Know the pollutants and effect of pollution on the environment, vegetation and animal life
Pollutants and Pollution
Visit industrial estates to assess the effect of
effluents on their immediate environment.
6.1 Define Pollution and
Pollutants
6.2 List examples of pollutants like carbon monoxide sulphur
dioxide, oils, scraps, sewage etc.
13
6.3 Explain the effects of the
pollutants on plants and animal
life including man.
6.4 Identify different types of
pollution: water pollution, air
pollution: soil pollution: industrial
pollution: oil pollution etc.
Lecture note Visit drilling locations and assess and describe
6.5 Explain the need for frequent Field trips to
the damage done by oil spillage to the lives and
medical check ups for industrial industries to
economy of the inhabitants.
asses effluents;
employees..
sewage
6.6 Describe different ways of
treatment plants,
sewage treatment: sewage
farming: stabilisation ponds; filter refuse dumps
14
beds; cesspits and septic tanks;
activated sludge.
6.7 Identify each of the sewage
treatment plants described in 6.9
above.
Visit a few filthy places in a nearby city or town to
15
assess and describe the health condition of the
local inhabitants
Assessment:
Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Practical 40 %; Examination 50 %
Recommended Textbooks & References:
Ecology: Individuals, Populations and Communities by M.Begon, J.Harper and C.Townsend, publishers Blackwell, UK

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Course: Organic Chemistry II
Department/ Programme: National Diploma
Course: Organic Chemistry II
Course Code: STC 221
Year: Semester:
Pre-requisite:

Credit Hours:
Theoretical:
Practical:

5
2 hours/week
3 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand the chemistry of ethers
2. Know the chemistry of amines
3. Understand the chemistry of aromatic compounds
4. Understand some chemical reactions of benzene
5. Understand the mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution in aromatic compounds
6. Understand the chemistry of phenol
7. Understand the chemistry of carbonyl substituted benzene
8. Understand the chemistry of benzoic acid
9. Understand the chemistry of benzoic acid derivatives
10 Understand the chemistry of benzamides and phthalic anhydride
11. Understand the chemistry of aniline
12. Understand the chemistry of diazonium compounds and azo-dyes

184

Theoretical Content
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activities
General Objective 1.0 Understand Chemistry of Ethers
Ethers
Lectures with
charts
1.1 Write the functional group of ethers
1.2 Write general formula of ethers as RO-R with examples.
1.3 Name simple ethers using IUPAC
1.4 Describe methods of preparation of
ethers.
1.5 Use curly arrows to show the
1-2
mechanism of the formation of an ether by
the Williamson reaction
1.6 Describe the physical properties of
diethyl ether.
1.7 Write equations for the cleavage of
ether by acids.
1.8 Describe uses of diethyl ether.
General Objective : 2.0 Know the chemistry of amines
Amine
Lectures with
2.1 Relate amines to ammonia structurally. charts
2.2 Describe the methods of preparation of Practical
o
identification
1 amides.
o
o o
o
2.3 Classify amines as 1 , 2 ,3 , and 4
2.4 State the general formula for the
classes under 3.66 above and give
examples.
2.5 Discuss the basicity of amines
3-4
2.6 Use curly arrows to show the reaction
of an amine with a hydrogen ion
o
2.7 Describe the following reactions of 1
amides - Hofmann's reaction, nitrosation,
and acylation.
2.8 Use curly arrows to show the
mechanism of acylation of an amine with
an acyl chloride
2.9 Describe the uses of amines.

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
activities

Teaching
Board

Prepare a simple ether in the
laboratory e.g.
Neonerolin

Glassware

Distinguish among 1 , 2 , 3 , amine by Guide and
chemical tests.
supervise
students

185

Guide and
supervise
students

Resources

Benzyl alcohol ethyl iodide
sodium hydride solvents
glassware

aminophenol
acetic anhydride
chemicals glassware

Theoretical Content
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Resources Specific Learning Outcomes
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activities
activities
General Objective 3.0 Understand Chemistry of Aromatic Compounds
Chemistry of Aromatic Compounds
Lectures with
Prepare paracetamol in the lab by
acylation of aminophenol
3.1 Write the structures of benzene and its charts
homologues.
3.2 Explain aromaticity: resonance,
resonance theory 4Ð + 2 rule.
5
3.3 Explain the fulfilment of the rule in
Benzene and its homologues.
3.4 Explain the physical properties of benzene
and alkyl benzene, e.g. M.P. and b.p.
General Objective 4: Understand some chemical reactions of Benzene
Lectures
Teaching
Nitration of bromobenzene
Guide and
4.1 Describe the physical and chemical
board
supervise
properties of benzene
students
4.2 Describe the following reactions of
benzene: Friedel-Crafts (Alkylation and
6
Acylation) Nitration, Sulphonation and
halogenation.
4.3 Describe some examples of
nucleophilic substitution of derivatives of
benzenes such as fluorobenzene
General Objective 5: Understand the mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution in aromatic compounds
React dinitro fluoro benzene with
Guide and
1.1 Describe the mechanism of nucleophilic
either an amine or an amino acid
supervise
and electrophilic aromatic substitution
students
reactions of mono substituted benzene
1.2 Describe the following
7
i) effect of substituents
ii) effects of solvents
orientation of incoming group.
General Objective 6: Understand the Chemistry of Phenol
Investigate the solubility of alcohols,
6.1 Describe the preparation of Phenol.
phenols and carboxylic acids in water,
6.2 Explain physical properties and
bicarbonate and hydroxide solutions.
chemical reactions of phenol.
8
6.3 List uses of phenol.
and/or
React phenol with bromine water

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Resources

Bromobenzene
Con nitric conc. sulphuric
acids etc

Chemicals glassware tlc
equipment

Theoretical Content
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activities
activities
General Objectives: 7.0 Understand the chemistry of carbonyl substituted benzene
Prepare demethyl benzophenone or Guide and
7.1 Describe the preparation of
similar in the lab
supervise
benzaldehyde and benzophenone.
students
7.2 Explain properties and chemical
9
reactions of the above
7.3 List uses of benzaldelhyde and
benzophenone
General Objectives: 8.0 Understand the Chemistry of Benzoic acid
prepare benzoic acid from toluene
8.1 Describe the preparation of benzoic
and/or benzyl alcohol by oxidation
acid.
with permanganate
10
8.2 Explain the physical properties and
isolate and purify by recrystalisation
chemical reactions of benzoic acids and
and identify the product by its mp
list uses of benzoic acids.
General Objectives: 9.0 Understand the chemistry of benzoic acid derivatives
Either: React benzoic acid with thionyl Guide and
9.1 Describe the preparation of benzoyl
chloride and then methanol to give the supervise
chloride and esters.
students
methyl ester
9.2 Use curly arrows to show the
Or: saponify methyl benzoate
mechanism of the reaction between
11
benzoyl chloride and methanol
9.3 List uses of benzoyl chloride and
benzoyl esters.
General Objectives: 10 Understand the chemistry of benzamides and phthalic anhydride
Prepare benzamide from benzoyl
10.1 Describe the preparation of
chloride and aqueous ammonia
benzamide and phthalic anhydride
10.2 Use curly arrows to show the
mechanism of the reaction between
benzoyl chloride and ammonia
12-13
10.3 Explain physical properties and
chemical reactions of benzamide and
phthelic anhdride.
10.4 List uses of benzamide and phthalic
anhydride.

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Resources

Toluene and toluoyl
chloride and aluminium
trichloride
Or toluene toluic acid and
phosphoric acid

Chemicals source of heat
(not a Bunsen)

Theoretical Content
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Resources Specific Learning Outcomes
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activities
activities
General Objectives: 11 Understand the chemistry of Aniline
prepare aniline by reduction of
11.1 Describe the laboratory and industrial
nitrobenzene with Sn or Fe and acid
preparation of Aniline
11.2 Describe the physical properties and
14
chemical reactions of aniline with
emphasis on the basic nature of aniline
11.3 List uses of aniline
General Objectives 12: Understand the chemistry of diazonium Compounds and Azo-dyes
Prepare an azo dye such as orange II Guide and
12.1 Describe the preparation of diazonium Demonstrate
preparation
in the lab
supervise
salts.
students
12.2 Describe the conversion of diazonium
salts to chloride bromide, and cyano
15
compounds.
12.3 Explain the formation of sample azo
dyes.

Assessment:
Coursework/Assignments 10%; Practical 40%; Examination 50 %
Recommended Textbooks & References:

Chemistry by M.J. Sienko and R.A. Plane (Mc Graw Hill)
Organic Chemistry by McMurray. 6th edition. Thompson/Brooks-Cole.
Classic Chemistry Experiments published by The Royal Society of Chemistry (UK) and free on the internet at
http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/classic_exp.htm
Salters Advanced Chemistry Activities and Assessment Pack published by Heinemann
Small scale synthesis by M.Zanger and J.R.McKee published by Wm.C.Brown

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Course: Biochemistry
Department/ Programme: National Diploma
Subject/Course: BIOCHEMISTRY Course Code: STC 222 Credit Hours: 5
Year: 2 Semester: 2
Pre-requisite:
Theoretical: 2 hour/week
Practical:
3 hours /week
General Objectives

1. Understand the molecular organization of the living cell and its topochemistry
2. Understand the importance of water and the concepts of pH and buffers
3. Understand the properties, sources, uses and structure of carbohydrates
4. Understand the properties, structures and reactions of monosaccharides
5. Understand the structures and uses of disaccharides and polysaccharides
6. Understand nature, biological and industrial importance of lipids
7. Understand the structure, properties and functions of proteins
8. Understand the classification of amino acids
9. Understand the structure and behaviour of Proteins
10. Understand the nature of enzymes
11. Understand vitamins and minerals found in the Living cell

189

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes

Practical Content
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Resources Specific Learning
Teacher's
Week/s
activities
Outcomes
activities
General Objective 1.0: Understand the molecular organization of the living cell and its topochemistry
Classroom Centrifugation of fractions.
Demonstrate
1.1 On completion of this course, the student Lectures
practical on cell
should be able to:
fractionation
Molecular Organisation of the living cells

1.1 List cell organelles
1

Resources

Black Board
Centrifuge
a. experimental animal
b. .Dissecting set
c. .Homogeniser
d...Glassewares.

1.2 Explain centrifugation
1.3 Explain the structure, functions and
fractions of intracellular organelles.
1.4 Describe chemical composition of the (i.e.
carhohydrate, protein, lipids, DNA, RNA
nucleoproteins etc.)
General Objective 2.0: Understand the importance of water and the concepts of pH and buffers
Blackboard Choose the appropriate acid
2.1 Explain the importance of water as a major Lecture
and its salts (base and its
cellular component.
salt) for a buffer system at a
given pH from a list of weak
2.2 List the properties of water which makes it
acids/bases.
suitable as the liquid of living systems.

Demonstrate the Lovibond comparator
use of the pH
metre.
Indicator papers pH metre

Conduct
practicals on the
measurement of
Measure the pH of systems
using lovibond comparator or pH of solutions
pH meter.

2.3 List the common laboratory and
physiological buffer systems with their
components.
2.4 Explain how the buffers above function to
resist pH changes particularly in physiological
systems.

190

Indicator solutions.
Glassware's/Tiles

Theoretical Content
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activities
Outcomes
General Objective 3.0: Understand the properties, sources, uses and structure of carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Lecture
Blackboard Test for carbohydrates in the
laboratory by e.g. meish test
fehlings etc.
3.1 Explain carbohydrates as
polyhydroxyketones of polyhydoxyaldes and
their derivatives.

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources
activities

Conduct practical Glasswares
test for
carbohydrates
Reagents such as molish,
Fehlings etc.

3.2 List the general properties of
carbohydrates.

3.3 Explain the general properties of
carbohydrates.
3.4 List common sources of carbohydrates.
3.5 List domestic and industrial uses of
carbohydrates
3.6 Classify carbohydrates as mono-di-oligo
and polysascharides.
3.7 Draw structural formula of named
examples of the families in 3.5 above.
General Objective 4.0: Understand the properties, structures and reactions of monosaccharides
Lectures
Blackboard Measure experimentally
Conduct practical Glasswares
4.1 Name monosaccharides systematically
optical acivity in sugars using measurement
according to the number of carbon atoms in
polarimeter.
the molecule.
Polarimeter

4.2 Explain the concepts of stereoisomerism
opticalisomerism and the property of optical
activity.

Reagent such as Bial's,
Bendict's etc

4.3 Distinguish between epimers,
stereoisomers and optical isomers

191

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4.4 List examples of other biochemical
substances that relate the plane of polarized
light.
4.5 Distinguish between Dextrorotary (+) and
laevorotatory() compounds on one hand and D
and L structure on the other hand.
Lectures
4.6 Explain the formation of pyronoses and
furanoses by monosaccharides.

Blackboard Carry out chemical tests to
identify reducing sugars

4.7 Draw ring formula to represent glucose,
fructose, ribose and ribulose.
4.8 Define mutarotation
4.9 Draw structures to differentiate between
anomers of named aldoses and ketoses.
4.10 Outline the general reactions of
monosacharides due to oH and c=o functional
groups.

4.11 Outline methods for estimating reducing
sugars
General Objective 5.0: Understand the structures and uses of disaccharides and Polysaccs
Blackboard hydrolyse a non-reducing
Lecture
5.1 Define glycosidic linkage.
disaccharide to give reducing
Glassware monosaccharide and test for
Conduct
5.2 Write equation for the formation of
their presence
practical grade burners
glycosidic linkage.
reports on
reducing and
Water bath
5.3 List the different types of glycosidic
non-reducing
linkages.
starch and
glycogen
5.4 State the sources of some common

192

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disaccharides.
5.5 Draw the structures of disaccharides in
3.26 above.
5.6 Distinguish between reducing and non
reducing disaccharides.
5.7 State the biological and industrial
importance of disaccharides.
5.8 List the common polysaccharides and their
sources.
5.9 List the monomers of polysaccharides.
5.10 State the types of glycosidic linkages in
Polysaccharides.
5.11 Draw in the outline, the pattern and
arrangement of the sub-units in the following:
i) amylose
ii) amylopectin
iii) glycogen
iv) cellulose

Lectures with
charts.

Distinguish between starch
and glycogen.

5.12 State the biological and industrial
importance of polysaccharides.
General Objective 6.0: Understand nature, biological and industrial importance of lipids
Lipids
Lecture
Classroom Test for fats in the laboratory
e.g. by solubility test.
6.1 Define lipids as fats and fat like substance.

193

Practical
identification

Glasswares

Assist students to Glasswares
carry out
laboratory
Bunsin burner
assignment.

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes

6.2 Define fat as mono-di- and tri - carboxylic
esters of glycerides e.g. monoglycerides,
diglycerides and triglycerides.

Teacher's
activities

Resources Specific Learning
Outcomes
Practical test for fats

Carry out simple chemical
tests for triacylglycerides

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources
activities
Water bath

Saturated and unsaturated
fat

6.3 List natural sources of fats.
Liquid and solid fats.
6.4 Classify lipids into simple and complex
lipids.
6.5 List members of classes in 6.5 above.
6.6 Draw structures of named saturated and
unsaturated fatty acids most abundant in
acylglycerols.
6.7 Explain why fatty acids obtained from lipids
are almost always even numbered carbon
atoms.
6.8 Distinguish between essential and nonessential fatty acids.
6.9 Write the general chemical structure of
mono-di- and triacylglycerols.
6.10 Write the general chemical structure of a
named triacylglycerols.
6.11 Write the structure of mono-di-and
triacylglcerols.
6.12 State physical properties and uses of
triglycerides

194

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Theoretical Content
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6.13 Describe with equation the hydrolysis of
triglycerides.

Teacher's
activities
Lecture

Resources Specific Learning
Outcomes
Blackboard

6.14 Describe the hydrolysis of triacylglycents
with alkali to yield a mixture of soap and
glycerol - (saponification)
6.15 Define saponification number, iodine
number and free fatty acids (FFA) value of fats
and oils (acylglycerols)
6.16 Explain the significance of the value of
listed in 4.16 above.
6.17 Explain the hardening of oils.
7

6.18 Relate 18 to commercial production of
fats as margarine.
6.19 Draw the structural formula of
phosphatidic acid.
6.20 Explain that phosphatidic acid is the
parent compound to phosphoglycerides
6.21 Draw structural formula of the following
glycerophosphatides:
(a) Phosphatidylethanolaime
(b) Phosphatidylcholine
(c) Phosphatidylserine
(d) Phosphadidylglycerol

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6.22 List other important glycerophosphatides.
6.23 State the cellular location or sources of
glycerophosphatides.
6.24 Explain the significance of the variations
in the size, shape, polarity and electric charge
of the polar heads of glycerophosphatides.
6.25 Enumerate the functions of
glycerophosphatides in the living systems and
their roles in food and chemical industries.
6.27. List the products of hydrolysis of
glycerophosphatides by:
a) alkaline
b) acid and
c) Enzymes
General Objective 7.0: Understand the structure, properties and functions of proteins
Proteins
Lecture
Blackboard Identify proteins in the
laboratory
7.1 Classify proteins as globular or fibrous.
Isolate albumin from egg
white by size exclusion
7.2 List natural courses of proteins
chromatography

7.3 State the characteristics properties of the
classes in 5.1 above.

Denature the albumin purified
above and conserve its
precipitation from solution

7.4 Explain with examples the role of different
proteins in the functioning of living matter e.g.
transport, structural catalytic, regulatory
defence etc.

Practical
identification of
protein

Protein sample,:
Millon's reagent
Biuret reagent tiles.
dropers.
Glassware
Colorimeter or
Spectrophotometer
Water bath

7.5 Define prosthetic group as a non-protein

196

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moiety of a complex protein.
7.6 Describe proteins in terms of their
prosthetic groups e.g. hemoproteins,
glycoproteins, lipoproteins etc.
7.7 Describe the structure of a protein as a
chain of amino acids which are chemically
linked together by chemical bonds between
carboxyl alpha amino groups on amino acids
(Co-NH)
7.8 Draw the general structural formular for
alpha amino
General Objective 8.0: Understand the Classification of Amino Acids and their structures
Identify amino acid generally
8.1 Classify amino acids on the basis of the
and specifically.
chemical nature of the side groups.
Amino acid standards and
test samples, Ninhydrin.

8.2 Describe the hydrolysis of protein to give
amino acids as their final product.
8.3 Place given structural formula of any
amino acid in the correct class as in 5.11
above.
8.4 Explain D and L isomers within the amino
acids.
8.5 Explain the amphoterism of amino acids.
8.6 Write equations to show the ionization of a
named amino acid in solutions.
8.7 Interprete a given titration curve for a given

197

Amino acid analyzer
chromatographic tanks
Glass plate and
chromatographic clumns

Week/s

Theoretical Content
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amino acid
8.8 Define the term isoelectric point.
8.9 Determine the isoelectric point from a
given titration curve.
8.10 State the solubility of an amino acid on
either side of the isoelectric point.
8.11 Explain why proteins are precipitated at
their isoelectric points.
8.12 Explain the application of 5.18 above in
the separation of amino acids.
8.13 Explain the general reactions of amino
acids due to (a) NH2 group and (b) -CooH
group.
8.14 Describe the specific reactions of amino
acids due to the side groups.
8.15 Explain that peptides are formed by
condensation of amino acids and hydrolysis of
proteins.

8.16 Write an equation to show the formation
of dipeptide.
General Objective 9.0: Understand the structure and behaviour of Proteins
Lecture
Blackboard precipitate a protein from
9.1 Explain the primary, secondary, tertiary
solution at its IEP and show
and quartenary structure of proteins.
that at other pH values it
remains in solution
9.2 List the types of interactions involved in:-

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activities

a) Secondary
b) Tertiary and
c) Quartenary structures of
proteins.

9.3 List examples to illustrate the structural
organization in 5.27 above.
9.4 Describe denaturation of proteins with
examples.
9.5 Explain that the denaturation is the result
of an unfolding of the natural structure of the
protein molecule and may or may not be
reversible.
9.6 Expain why proteins are precipitated at
their isoelectric point.
General Objective 10.0: Understand the nature of enzymes
Lecture
Enzymes
10.1 Define enzymes as proteins specialized
to catalyse biological reactions at a rapid rate
within a narrow range of temperature and pH.

11-13

Blackboard Investigate the rate of a
catalysed reaction (catalase
and H2O2) at different
concentrations of substrate
and at different pH and
temperatures

10.2 Define substrate as the substance on
which the enzyme acts.
10.3 Define active site as that region of the
enzyme molecule where substrate
transformation occurs.
10.4 Explain the distinctive features of
enzymes i.e. specificity, high catalytic rate and

199

yeast as source of
catalase, hydrogen
peroxide burette for
measuring gas production
stop clock glassware etc

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes

Teacher's
activities

Resources Specific Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources
activities

directive effect.
10.5 Illustrate with examples the distinctive
features in 6.4 above.
10.6 Classify enzymes as oxido-reductases,
Transfeases, Hydrolases, Lyases,isomerases
and ligases.
10.7 List examples of enzymes belonging to
each the classes in 6.6 above
10.8 Explain that many enzymes require metal Lecture
ions and/or organic molecules which act as
cofactors.

Classroom Determine the effect of pH of Explain each of
the experimental
the velocity of enzyme
steps
catalyses reaction.
Determine the effect of
temperature on the velocity of
enzyme catalysed reaction.

10.9 Explain that the efficiency of enzyme
action is dependent on such factors as pH,
temperature, substrate concentration, ionic
environment activators and inhibitors.
10.10 Draw profiles to show the effect of pH,
temperature and substrate concentration on
the rate of enzyme activity

10.11 Define the terms optimums pH and
optimum temperature.
General Objective 11.0: Understand vitamins and minerals found in the Living cell
Lecture with
Overhead Determination of Ascorbic
Vitamins
charts and
projector
acid using
drawing
titration\colorimetric method.
11.1 Explain the importance of vitamin
supplements
11.2 Define the water soluble vitamins
11.3 Explain the general functions of water

200

Assist students to Ascorbic acid standard,
carry out the
experiment.
Burette, Colorimeter and
accessories.

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes

Teacher's
activities

Resources Specific Learning
Outcomes

soluble vitamins.
11.4 List the deficiency diseases.
11.5 Define fat soluble vitamins
11.6 Explain the general functions and the
deficiency diseases of fat soluble vitamins.
Assessment:

Coursework/ Assignments 10%; Practical 40%; Examination 50%
Recommended Textbooks & References:

Biochemistry by Stryer, published by Freeman
Salters Advanced Chemistry Activities and Assessment Pack published by Heinemann

201

Practical Content
Teacher's
Resources
activities

Course: Maintenance and Repair of Science and Electronic Equipment
Department/ Programme: SLT (National Diploma)
Course: Maintenance and Repair of Science and Electronic Equipment Course Code: STP 221
Credit Hours: 4
Year: 2 Semester: 2
Pre-requisite: Electronics Theoretical: hours/week 1 hours
Practical:
hours /week 3 hours
General Objectives

On completion of this module, students should be able to
1. Understand the concept of maintenance
2. Identify the basic tools and instruments used in maintenance and repairs of science and electronic equipment.
3. Identify some electronic components and know their specifications
4. Understand soldering techniques
5. Understand circuit layout on chassis
6. Understand troubleshooting and fault isolation in science and electronic equipment

202

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning Teacher's activities
Resources Specific Learning Teacher's activities
Resources
Week/s
Outcomes
Outcomes
General Objective 1: Understand the concept maintenance
Carryout preventive Demonstrate how to carry Selected equipment, maintenance
Lecture .Mention the two types Classroom
1.1 Define
tools.
out preventive
Resources
maintenance on
of maintenance
maintenance
maintenance on some
some selected
i Correctives and
1.2 State the
selected equipment in the
science and
ii Preventive maintenance
different types of
laboratory
electronic
maintenance
equipment
1.3 List procedures
involved in carrying
out maintenance
1.4 State when to
carryout each of the
1-2
types of
maintenance.
Lecture with examples
1.5 Distinguish
between equipment
and operator failure
1.6 Explain "down
time" and the causes
of down time
1.7 Explain over head,
check an malfunction
General Objective 2: identify the basic serving tools and instrument used in maintenance and repairs of science and electronic equipment
Demonstrate the use tools Maintenance tools
Lecture
Demonstrate the
List the basic servicing tools
Know some basic
and listed instrument in
correct ways of
and instrument as multimetre,
servicing tools an
column two.
using given tools
oscilloscope, soldering iron
instruments and
and equipment as in
and soldering lead, screw
explain the use of
3
column two.
driver and spanner, allen keys,
each of them
methylated spirit etc and
explain the use of them.
Objective 3: Identify components and know their specifications
Electronic components
Classroom
Allow the students Allow students to obtain
Identify components Show the students some
resources
to obtain information information on some
and know their
electronic components and
specifications
identify them. Draw the symbols and databook on some electronic electronic components
4
components using using data book
for each and direct them on how
data book
to obtain information on the
components from databook

203

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Teacher's activities
Week/s
Outcomes
Use colour codes to Explain to the students how to
obtain the resistance use colour codes to obtain
6
values of resistors
resistance values of different
resistors

Understand the use
of instruments e.g.
multimeter to know
the conditions of
components

Resources

Resistors of
different
values

Specific Learning
Outcomes
Identify resistors
using their colour
codes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities
Resources

Make available resistors of Resistors of different values
different values and allow
students to obtain their
values using the colour
codes
Measuring Instruments e.g.
Use of instruments Make available some
electronic components and multimetre,oscilloscope
e.g. multimeter to
know the conditions allow students to use
appropriate instruments to
of components
know the condition of the
components

General Objective 4: understand soldering techniques
Lecture
Classroom
Carry out basic
4.1 Describe
resources
soldering practice
soldering and desoldering techniques
4.2 List all the
precautions to be
taken before and
when
i. Soldering
ii. De soldering
Carryout basic
4.2 Select appropriate Lecture
soldering practice
soldering lead and
soldering iron
4.3 Distinguish
between good and
dry joint.
General Objectives: 5 Understand the layout of components on chassis
Identify different
5.1 List the different
types of boards
types of boards
5.2 Interpret and
explain circuit
diagrams
Layout components
on a veroboard from
a given circuit

204

Demonstrate some basic Copper wire, soldering iron, soldering
soldering and de-soldering lead,connecting wires
technique

Copper wires soldering iron and
Group the students and
allow each group to carry soldering lead.
out some basic soldering
and de-soldering
techniques. Supervise and
grade
Show the students different Veroboard bread board etc
types of board e.g.
Veroboard bread board etc

Let the students use the
circuit diagrams for
Single stage

Circuit diagrams of single stage
amplifier regulated power supply unit
etc

Specific Learning
Week/s
Outcomes

14-15

Theoretical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Specific Learning
Outcomes
diagram.

Practical Content
Teacher's activities
Resources

amplifier,power supply unit
etc to layout components
on veroboard.
General Objection 6: Understand troubleshooting and fault isolation in science and electronic equipment
Classroom
Carryout point to
Group the students and let
6.1 Explain the two State and explain the two
resources
point testing on
them carry out point to
general methods of general methods of faultsome equipment
point testing on some
fault-finding
finding: i. Static testing [point
equipment. Supervise the
to point testing]
students closely
ii. Dynamic testing [signal
testing]
Group the student and let
Carryout out
them carry out dynamic
dynamic testing
testing .Supervise the
using injectors on
students closely.
equipments.
Trace and rectify
Introduce faults into some
faults in equipment equipment and allow
students to trace the fault
and rectify it.
Student should be made to
construct a
construct a regulated
regulated power
supply unit, single power supply unit, single
stage amplifier etc. stage amplifier etc. The
above should be graded

Assessment: Give details of assignment to be used:
Course Work/Assignment 15 %, Course Test 15 %, Practical 40 %, Examination 30 %
Recommended Textbooks and References:

Course Journal on Maintenance Workshop,No. 1984,NBTE
Simple equipment maintenance by Brown and Lewis Harcourt

205

Testing instrument/ equipment e.g.
power supply unit, signal generator
etc.

Testing instrument/ equipment e.g.
power supply units, signal generator
etc.
Various testing equipment, soldering
iron ,soldering lead, components for
the regulated power supply and
single stage amplifier and their
respective circuit diagrams

Course: GLT, Module (vii) Vacuum Techniques, and Module (viii) Glassblowing
Department/ Programme:
Course: GLT, Module (vii) Vacuum Techniques, and Module (viii) Glassblowing Course Code: GLT 222 Credit Hours: 2
Year: Semester:
Pre-requisite:
Theoretical: 1 hours/week
Practical:
1 hours /week
General Objectives

1. Know the principle of vacuum production.
2. Know common types of vacuum pumps
3. Know the use of vacuum gauges
4. Know the different types of glasses used as laboratory ware
5. Know glass hazards and precautions
6. Know the construction of simple glass ware

206

Week/s

1-3

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Resources

General Objective 1: Know the principle of Vacuum Production.
Vacuum pressure
Lecture
1.1 Classify vacuum pressure
gauges e.g. low, medium high and Show gauges to students gauge
Lecture
ultra high.
1.2 Explain the classification of 1.1
above.
Lecture
1.3 List and explain the units in
vacuum technology e.g. the torr;
the mmHg; the micron, the
Newton; the pascal; etc.
1.4 Explain the effects of
temperature on the relationship
between pressure (P) and the
number of molecules (M) within a
giving vacuum system.
1.5 List the various component of a
simple vacuum set-up.
1.6 Explain the sequence of
operation of a simple vacuum
system.
General Objective 2: Know common types of vacuum pumps
Rotary pump
2.1 List common types of vacuum Lecture
Diffusion pump
pumps: rotary and diffusion pumps.
2.2 Describe the application of
Emphasize areas of
each of the pumps in 2.1 above.
application of pumps.
General Objective 3: Know the use of vacuum gauges
Lecture .
McLeod gauge
3.1 List and describe common
Show students some of
Vacustat
gauges e.g. McLeod gauge; the
the gauges listed.
Pirani gauge
vacustat; the pirani gauge; cold
U-tube manometer
and hot ionization gauges and Utube mano meters.
3.2 Explain the principle of
operation of the gauges in 3.1
above.

207

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Operate a simple
vacuum system.

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Lecture and demonstration Vacuum pump
Get students involved in
the operation of vacuum
systems.

Rotary pump
Operate the pumps in Lecture and practical.
2.2
Ensure that each student
has access to and operate
a pump
Demonstrate the use Demonstration
McLeod gauge
of the gauges in 3.1 Ensure that each student Vacustat
above.
has access to the gauges. Pirani gauge
U-tube manometer

Week/s

6-7

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Resources

Practical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Outcomes
Detect vacuum leaks Demonstrate the use of
using leak detectors. vacuum leak detectors

- do Lecture
Get students involved in
the care and handling of
Test-coil
gauges.
Use leak detectors for the
explanation.
Lecture
General Objective 4: Know the different types of glasses used as laboratory wares
Identify types of glass Lecture and practical
Lecture and demonstration Soda glass,
4.1 List types of glasses suitable
by chemical and
demonstration with soda
Teacher brings samples to Borosilicate and
for laboratory glass wares e.g.
silica glass.
physical methods.
and borosilicate with rods.
class to show students.
borosilicate, soda lime (soda
Teacher uses the samples
glass), silica glass
4.2 State properties of glasses in brought to class to explain.
Passes samples round the
4.1 above e.g. transparency and
class.
durability etc.
General Objective 5: Know glass hazards and precautions
Didymium goggles
Lecture
5.1 List hazards associated with
gas e.g. explosion, toxicity, fire etc. Teacher tabulates hazards Handling gloves
Goggles safety
and corresponding
spectacles
solutions.
5.2 Enumerate safety measures
Taken
students
round
adopted in glass blowing e.g. use
of didymium goggles and handling standard glass workshop
installation.
gloves etc.
Lecture
Teacher shows students
samples of didymium
goggles and
demonstration how to
wear.
Encourages students to
view glasswork with the
goggles and compare with
bare eyes.
3.3 Explain the care and handling
of the gauges in 3.1
3.4 Explain leak detection e.g. by
the use of High Frequency tester
(Test coil).

208

Resources

Test-coil

Hot plate
phenolphthalein
Trichloroethylene
Beaker soda/pyrex.

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Resources

General Objective 6: Know the construction of simple glass wares
Glass cutting knife
Lecture and practical
6.1 Identify various tools and
Calliper gauges
demonstration.
equipment used in glass blowing
Three way fuel gas
workshops.
filling top
6.2 Describe and apply glass
Teacher parades a
Glass inspection
cutting techniques.
number of these tools.
6.3 Describe and apply various
Teacher asks students to polarizer
Cork borer set.
methods of glass manipulation e.g. tabulate tools draw and
Cork borer set.
simple point pulling.
label, and indicate uses.
Rotary air blower
e.g.
compressors types
EB 3B
Tweezers
10 - 15
Glass blowing
hanging tools
(cones)
Glass blowing
tapers 13x13mm.
Diamond glass
cutter
Bunsen burner for
annealing
Oxygen/air/gas
burners
Wooden corks
(Assorted)

Assessment:
Practical 100%
Recommended Textbooks & References:

209

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

See column 3.
Join two glass tubes. Lecture and practical
demonstration.
Blow bulbs at the end
and in the middle of Teacher demonstration
and construction of bulbs
tubes.
bands and joints T, Yate.
Construct T.Y joints Lecture practicals
demonstration as above.
Teacher asks students to
Construct U bends
do the constructions in
turns. Teacher goes round
Construct simple
encouraging.
glass wares e.g.
pipettes, burettes,
and test tube.
Calibrate the glass
ware.
Anneal glass
apparatus after
construction.

Course: Practical Project and Seminar
Department/ Programme: National Diploma
Course: Practical Project and Seminar
Year: Semester:

Course Code: STS 221
Pre-requisite:

Credit Hours:
Theoretical:
Practical:

8
1 hours/week
7 hours /week

General Objectives

Students should be able to:
1. Select, with the help of lecturers, a laboratory based topic for investigation.
2. Decide, with the help of a lecturer, on an experimental investigation in that area.
3. Carry out a literature review of the topic, paying particular attention to the area selected for investigation.
4. Prepare a seminar on the proposed investigation
5. Give the seminar and defend the proposed investigation when questioned by the participants in the Seminar
6. Perform, under the supervision of lecturing staff, the experimental investigation over the course of the academic year.
7. Write a full project report in scientific format consisting of: (i) A free standing Abstract, (ii) Introduction, (iii) Methods (or Experimental), (iv)
Results, (iii) Discussion, (iv) References.
8. Prepare a seminar on the investigation, the results found and the conclusions drawn.
9. Give the seminar and defend the investigation when questioned by the participants in the Seminar

210

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Practical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Resources
Week/s
Outcomes
General Objective 1 Select, with the help of lecturers, a laboratory based topic for investigation
Cooperation of all
Explain the process by
Students are able to
lecturers, list of
using the general
topics, classroom
objectives
1-9
above.
1. Understand the process of
resources
Provide
a
list
of
proposed
carrying out a research project and
investigations
and
help
seminar.
2. Explain the characteristics of a students choose one.
good project/research investigation
1
3. List the different components of
a
research/project work
4. List the factors considered in
selecting a project/research
problems
5. Select a topic for investigation
General Objective 2: Decide, with the help of a lecturer, on an experimental investigation in that area
Expertise of the
Discuss the topic and
With help from the lecturer
Lecturer
areas for investigation
students:
design experiments for the
Desk chairs
1. Understand the topic and areas student
2
paper and pen or
suitable for experimental
pencil
investigation.
2. Select the area of the topic and
design experiments for the
investigation
General Objective 3: Carry out a literature review of the topic, paying particular attention to the area selected for investigation
Quiet areas for
Check that students
1. Read relevant books and
talking
understand relationship
papers
between existing
Make relevant notes
3
knowledge and the
Understand how the proposed
proposed investigation
investigation complements the
existing literature
Resources

211

Week/s

6 - 12

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Resources

General Objective 4: Prepare a Seminar on the proposed investigation
Revise how to prepare a Classroom and
1. Students understand how to
Library
prepare for presenting a seminar. seminar (refer to the
Technical English course)
2. Students prepare for the
and Guide students
seminar
through their preparation

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Laboratory
Students begin relevant
resources,
experiments e.g.
glassware,
analysis, synthesis,
chemicals, meters,
measurement,
instruments
observations, data
spectrometers etc
collection etc
General Objective 5: Give the seminar and defend the proposed investigation when questioned by the participants in the Seminar
Laboratory
Students continue
Seminar room
Attend seminar, ask
Student gives a seminar on the
resources,
relevant experiments
Overhead
questions designed to
proposed topic
glassware,
e.g. analysis, synthesis,
projector and
challenge and improve
Student answers questions from
chemicals, meters,
measurement,
acetates
project, note helpful
the audience
instruments
observations, data
Student adjusts proposed project comments from the
spectrometers etc
collection etc
in light of comments made during audience
the seminar
General Objective 6: Perform, under the supervision of lecturing staff, the experimental investigation over the course of the Semester
Laboratory
Students continue
Guide and supervise
1. Students can work under GLP Advise and Guide
experiments and data
students. Review results resources,
conditions, keeping notebook and students
glassware,
collection
regularly making sure
writing up experiments in a second
that students understand chemicals, meters,
lab notebook (both notebooks hard Make sure students are
instruments
them and draw
bound)
writing up as they go
appropriate conclusions. spectrometers etc
along and begin to write
the final report at about
2. Students begin to draft their
week 7.
report beginning with the
Introduction then methods then
results and, at a late stage their
conclusions
General Objective 7: Write a full project report in scientific format consisting of: (i) A free standing Abstract, (ii) Introduction, (iii) Methods (or
Experimental), (iv) Results, (iii) Discussion, (iv) References
1. Students complete and submit a Revise how to prepare a
full project report in the layout of a seminar (refer to the
Technical English course)
Scientific report.
and Guide students
2. Students Write an Abstract that through their preparation
stands alone and does not refer to

212

Week/s

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning Outcomes
Teacher's activities

Resources

Specific Learning
Outcomes

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

the body of the report

3. Students the report consists of
an Introduction, Methods (or
Experimental), Results, Discussion
and References. (The Results and
Discussion may be combined as
Results and Discussion).
General Objective 8. Prepare a seminar on the investigation, the results found and the conclusions drawn.
Revise how to prepare a
1. Students understand how to
prepare for presenting a seminar. seminar (refer to the
Technical English course)
2. Students prepare for the
and Guide students
seminar
through their preparation
General Objective 9 Give the seminar and defend the investigation when questioned by the participants in the Seminar
Seminar Room,
1. Student gives a seminar on the Attend seminar, ask
questions
overhead
proposed topic
projector and
acetates
2. Student answers questions from
the audience

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:
Seminars 20%; Practical 40 %; Final Report 40%;
Recommended Textbooks & References: Scientific Journals (particularly reviews)

213

Resources

Course: Small Business Management I
Programme: Statistics (National Diploma)
Course: Small Business Management I
Year: 2 Semester: 4

Course Code: STA 225
Pre-requisite:

Total Hours:
2
Theoretical:
1 hour /week
Practical:
1 hour /week
Goal: This course is designed to provide the student with the basic knowledge on the various tools used in the management of small-scale businesses.
General Objectives: On completion of this course, the diplomate will be able to:

1. Understand the nature of small-scale enterprises.
2. Understand the legal framework for small-scale enterprises.
3. Understand the role of governments in small-scale enterprises in Nigeria
4. Understand a business plan for a small-scale business enterprise.
5. Understand marketing management in a small business enterprise
6. Understand the general concept of production management
7. Know human capital needs for an enterprise

214

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Resources Specific Learning
Week
Outcomes
Outcomes
General Objective 1 (STA 225): Understand the nature of small-scale enterprises.
Text Books Select a small business
Explain range, scope and
1.1 Define the range and
enterprise and indicate its
importance of a small scale
scope of a small business.
signs of success and
business.
Journals
Publications failures.
1.2 Explain the importance of
Explain problems associated
a small business.
1
Use case studies based
with small business
on a local organisation.
operations.
1.3 Describe the problems
associated with small
business operations.
Explain types of businesses Text Books Select a small business
1.4 Describe types of
enterprise and indicate its
businesses that could be run that could be
signs of success and
run on small scale, their
on a small scale.
Journals
associated problems and
Publications failures.
signs
of
failure
during
1.5 Describe the merits and
operations.
Use case studies based
demerits of being self2
on a local organisation.
employed
Explain wage employment
.
and self
1.6 Identify the starting
problems and signs of failure employment.
of a small business
Explain the merits and
demerits of self employment.
General Objective 2 (STA 226): Understand the legal framework for small-scale enterprises.
Explain the types of business Text Books Use CAMB to explain the
2.1 Explain the types of
regulatory frame work of
organization
business organization.
small business.
Journals
Publications
2.2 Identify the legal form of Explain legal formation and
Group work to set up a
regulatory status of small
business.
3
small business - realistic
business.
scenarios
Explain environmental factors
Use of relevant
of business.
documentation taken from
the internet.

215

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Guide students in identifying
range, scope and importance of a
small scale business.

Internet and
relevant
websites
Guest speaker
on small
businesses

Guide students in identifying types of Internet and
businesses that could be run on small relevant
scale, their associated problems and websites
signs of failure during operations.
Guest speaker
on small
businesses

Guide students to identify the legal
formation and regulatory
status of small business.

Internet and
relevant
websites

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Week
Outcomes
Explain legal formation and
2.3 Describe the
regulatory status of small
environmental factors of
business.
business - law of sales,
licenses, failure signs, etc.
Explain environmental factors
4
2.4 Explain regulatory status of business.
and formation of small
business.

Practical Content
Resources Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Outcomes
Text Books Use CAMB to explain the Guide students to identify the
regulatory frame work of environmental factors of business.
small business.
Journals
Publications Group work to set up a

Resources

Internet and
relevant
websites

small business - realistic
scenarios

Use of relevant
documentation taken from
the internet.
General Objective 3 (STA 226): Understand the role of governments in small-scale enterprises in Nigeria
Guide students to evaluate the
Explain government policies Text Books Identify government
3.1 Explain government
policies and their effects contributions of the promoting bodies
policies for small enterprises for small
on small scale business. (IDC, NASA, NERFUND, NDE,
enterprises development and Journals
development.
NAPEP etc to growth of small
effects of the policies on
Publications
3.2 Explain the effects of
business in Nigeria.
direct and indirect assistance
government policies on direct to these enterprises.
and indirect assistance to
small businesses
Guide students to evaluate the
Text Books Identify and explain
Explain the following
3.3 State the role of the
contributions of the promoting bodies
beneficiaries of the
institutions and their roles in
following institutions in
bodies. Promotion SME in (IDC, NASA, NERFUND, NDE,
promoting small enterprises promoting small scale
Journals
NAPEP etc to growth of small
enterprises.
(a) Industrial Development
Publications Nigeria.
business in Nigeria.
- IDC, State Ministries of
Centre (IDC)
Commerce,
(b) State Ministries of
State Export Promotion
Commerce and Industries.
Committees,
(c) State Export Promotion
CMD, NDE, NAPPEP, CIRD
Committees.
NERFUND
(d) Centre for Management
NACRDB, NEPC
Development (CMD)
NASSI, NASME, etc
(e) National Directorate of
Employment (NDE)
(f) NAPPEP
(g) CIRD
(h) NERFUND
(i) NACRDB, NEPC
(j) NASSI, NASME, etc

216

Internet and
relevant
websites

Theoretical Content
Practical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Resources Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Week
Outcomes
Outcomes
General Objective 4 (STA 226): Understand a business plan for a small-scale business enterprise.
Guide students to:Text Books Identify business plan.
Explain business Plan, its
4.1 Explain business plan.
purpose and
components from project
Work in pairs to develop a relevant
Identify how to plan in
Journals
4.2 Explain the purpose of
development to project cost. Publications small business.
business plan.
business plan

Internet and
relevant
websites

Formulate a business plan Refer to business planning
information on the internet
for a particular project.

4.3 Identify the components of
a business plan from project
development up to project
cost.
4.4 State the necessary steps
in carrying out financial
analysis and planning for a
small business

Explain steps in carrying out
financial
analysis and planning for a
small business.

4.5 Compare personal goal
and business goals.

Explain personal goals and
business goals.

Text Books

Identify business plan.

Identify how to plan in
Journals
Publications small business.

Present the plans and justify the
goals
Guide students to:Work in pairs to develop a relevant
business plan.

Internet and
relevant
websites

Formulate a business plan Refer to business planning
information on the internet
for a particular project.

Explain influences of family
4.6 Identify influences of
family goals in business goals goals an business goals.

Resources

Present the plans and justify the
goals

Invite a successful
entrepreneur to give a talk.
General Objective 5 (STA 226): Understand marketing management in a small business enterprise
Guide students to use the internet to Internet and
Text Books Identify the process of
Explain basic concepts of
5.1 Understand the basic
identify the marketing needs of small relevant
conducting a marketing
marketing.
concept of marketing.
business enterprises.
websites
survey.
Journals
Publications
Explain steps in conducting
5.2 Identify the steps in
Identify appropriate
conducting market surveys to marketing survey to
training strategies for
determine demand and
determine demand and
products produced on a
supply for particular products. supply for particular products.
small scale.
Explain how to identify
5.3 Identify markets for
markets for specific products.
specific products.

217

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Week
Outcomes
Explain channels of
5.4 Identify channels of
distribution for a selected
distribution for a selected
product or service.
product or service.

Resources Specific Learning
Outcomes
Text Books Identify the process of
conducting a marketing
survey.
Journals
Publications
Identify appropriate
Explain promotional and sales
5.5 Explain the promotional
training strategies for
activities for a selected
and sales activities for a
products produced on a
product or service
selected product or service
small scale.
Explain appropriate pricing
5.6 Explain appropriate
strategies
pricing strategies
General Objective 6 (STA 226): Understand the general concept of production management
Explain the basic concepts of Text Books Identify appropriate
6.1 Explain the basic
technology for different
production
concepts of production
types of SME.
Journals
6.2 Explain choice of
Explain choice of appropriate Publications
appropriate technology
Identify sources of
technology
machinery and material
Sample
6.3 Identify types and sources Explain types and sources of business
from the internet.
of machinery and equipment. machinery and equipment,
Identify appropriate
their
6.4 Explain the installed
locations and their
installed and utilized capacity.
capacity.
problems for SMES

6.5 Explain the utilized capacity.
Explain sources of raw
6.6 Identify sources of raw
materials.
materials.

6.7 Describe factory location and
Explain factory location, its
factors in the selection of site.
layout
and safety measures.
6.8 Describe factory layout.
6.9 Explain plant and
machinery maintenance.

Explain Plant and machinery
maintenance.

6.10 Explain Plan and
scheduling.

Explain plan and scheduling.

Text Books
Journals
Publications
Sample
business

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Guide students to use the internet to Internet and
identify the marketing needs of small relevant
business enterprises.
websites

Guide students to prepare a
case study on the location of an
industry and factory layout

Identify sources of
machinery and material
from the internet.

Oversee group work and guide
reference to relevant web sites

218

Internet and
relevant
websites

Oversee group work and guide
reference to relevant web sites

Identify appropriate
technology for different
types of SME.

Identify appropriate
locations and their
problems for SMES

Resources

Internet and
relevant
websites

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Resources Specific Learning
Week
Outcomes
Outcomes
Text Books Identify appropriate
Explain quality control.
6.11 Explain quality control
technology for different
issues.
types of SME.
Journals
Explain problems of
Publications
production in the
6.12 Explain factory safety
Identify sources of
Nigerian situation and how to
measures.
machinery and material
cope with them.
Sample
from the internet.
13
business
6.13 Identify problems of
Organise a field trip to a
production in the Nigerian
Identify appropriate
successful small business
situation.
locations and their
establishment.
problems for SMES
6.14 Explain how to cope with
production problems in
Nigeria.
General Objective 7 (STA 226): Know human capital needs for an enterprise
Text Books Identify the recruitment
Explain human capital
7.1 Identify human capital
compensation and training
management
needs for an enterprise.
procedures of workers in
and its needs for small
Journals
business
enterprises.
Publications SMES.
7.2 Explain recruitment
procedures.
Explain recruitment
14
Cardboard Identify problems of
human capital
procedures
7.3 Explain need for training
management and how to
of workers.
solve them in SMEs

7.4 Explain how to motivate
workers.
7.5 Explain how to
compensate workers.

Identify the recruitment
compensation and training
procedures of workers in
Journals
Explain how to motivate. and Publications SMES.
7.6 Explain organization of
compensate workers
work force, organizational
chart.
Cardboard Identify problems of
human capital
Explain organization of work
management and how to
force.
7.7 Explain problems of
solve them in SMEs
human capital management in
Guide students to prepare
Explain need for training of
workers.

Text Books

219

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Resources

Guide students to prepare a
case study on the location of an
industry and factory layout

Internet and
relevant
websites

Oversee group work and guide
reference to relevant web sites

Guide students to prepare
organizational charts for SME and
how to forecast their employment
needs.

Internet and
relevant
websites

Guide students to prepare
organizational charts for SME and
how to forecast their employment
needs.

Internet and
relevant
websites

Theoretical Content
Specific Learning
Teacher's activities
Resources Specific Learning
Week
Outcomes
Outcomes
organizational,
small business enterprises.
chart for a small business
7.8 Explain how to cope with enterprise.
the problems of human capital
Explain problems of human
management.
capital
management in small
business enterprises and how
to cope with them.

Practical Content
Teacher's activities

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:
Coursework/Assignments %; Course test %; Practical %; Project %; Examination %
Type of Assessment
Examination
Test
Practical / Project
Total

Purpose and Nature of Assessment (STA 226)
Weighting (%)
Final Examination (written) to assess knowledge and understanding
0
At least 1 progress test for feed back.
25
Project with group (25%) and individual (50%) components to be assessed by the teacher
75
100

Recommended Textbooks & References:

220

Resources

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Keywords                        : science education; research training; laboratory equipment; technicians; vocational school curriculum; curriculum guides; Nigeria
Created                         : 2004
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Title                           : Science laboratory technology, National Diploma (ND): curriculum and course specifications; 2004
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Author                          : Nigeria. National Board for Technical Education

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Science Laboratory Technology, National Diploma (ND) 161459 161459e

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