Science Laboratory Technology, National Diploma (ND) 161459 161459e

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ED/STV/2004/PI/15

Science Laboratory Technology

National Diploma (ND)

Curriculum and Course Specifications

NATIONAL BOARD FOR TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Federal Republic of Nigeria

UNESCO – Nigeria Project

2004

Science Laboratory Technology - National Diploma (ND)

Curriculum and Course Specifications

November 2004

NATIONAL BOARD FOR TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Produced by the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE)

Plot B, Bida Road, P.M.B. 2239, Kaduna Nigeria.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

General Information......................................................................................................................................... 2

Curriculum Table ............................................................................................................................................. 6

NDI 1ST Semester............................................................................................................................................ 8

Course: Plant and Animal Taxonomy ....................................................................................................... 8

Course: Morphology and Physiology of Living ..................................................................................... 14

Course: General Principles of Chemistry............................................................................................... 21

Course: Inorganic Chemistry I................................................................................................................. 29

Course: Mechanics ................................................................................................................................... 35

Course: Heat Energy................................................................................................................................. 42

Course: Algebra for Science.................................................................................................................... 47

Course: Electronic Logic for Science ..................................................................................................... 50

Course: Technical English ....................................................................................................................... 53

Course: GLT, Module (ii) Safety in the laboratory, and Module (i) Care and maintenance of

laboratory ware and equipment............................................................................................................... 56

NDI 2ND Semester ......................................................................................................................................... 65

Course: Cell Biology................................................................................................................................. 65

Course: Organic Chemistry I.................................................................................................................... 72

Course: Physical Chemistry..................................................................................................................... 81

Course: Electricity and Magnetism ......................................................................................................... 89

Course: Optics and Waves....................................................................................................................... 96

Course: Analytical Chemistry ................................................................................................................ 101

Course: GLT, Module (iii) Preparation of Laboratory Side Shelf Reagents, and Module (iv)

Separation Techniques and Sample Management .............................................................................. 109

Course: Computer Packages I ............................................................................................................... 116

NDII 1ST Semester....................................................................................................................................... 122

Course: Microbiology ............................................................................................................................. 122

Course: Pests and Pest Control ............................................................................................................ 126

Course: Pathology .................................................................................................................................. 130

Course: Inorganic Chemistry II.............................................................................................................. 134

Course: Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Quality Control....................................................... 140

Course: Electronics ................................................................................................................................ 146

Course: Thermodynamics & Electromagnetism.................................................................................. 154

Course: Calculus for science................................................................................................................. 162

Course: Computer Packages II .............................................................................................................. 166

NDII 2ND Semester ...................................................................................................................................... 172

Course: Genetics..................................................................................................................................... 172

Course: Ecology...................................................................................................................................... 176

Course: Organic Chemistry II................................................................................................................. 184

Course: Biochemistry............................................................................................................................. 189

Course: Maintenance and Repair of Science and Electronic Equipment ......................................... 202

Course: GLT, Module (vii) Vacuum Techniques, and Module (viii) Glassblowing ........................... 206

Course: Practical Project and Seminar................................................................................................. 210

Course: Small Business Management I................................................................................................ 214

General Information

1.0 CERTIFICATION AND TITLE OF THE PROGRAMME:

The certificate to be awarded and the programme title shall read:

"NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY"

A transcript showing all the courses taken and grades obtained shall be issued on demand.

2.0 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The National Diploma Programme in Science and Laboratory Technology is designed to produce technicians

capable of carrying out various laboratory analysis and practical works under the supervision of a

technologist.

Specifically

1. Assist in chemical analysis and quality control in: industry (oil, food, brewing, detergent,

textiles, etc.), hospitals, schools, colleges and research institutions.

2. Assist in physics and electronic laboratories with physical analyses and the maintenance

of instrumentation

3. Assist in biological and biochemical analysis and experiments in hospitals, schools,

colleges and research institutes

4. Prepare students for employment in related work such as sales, marketing, administration

and management in the industries in 1 above and, also, for self employment.

3.0 ENTRY REQUIREMENTS:

National Diploma

The minimum entry requirement into the National Diploma in Science and Laboratory Technology

programme is four Credit level passes in Senior Certificate Examination (SSCE) or National Examination

Council (NECO) in not more than two sittings. The subjects must include the following: Mathematics and any

two of the following: Biology or Agricultural Science, Chemistry and Physics. Entrants must posses at least

credit grades in Biology, Chemistry, Physics and English Language.

Candidates who have successfully completed the Board's recognized Pre-National Diploma (Science and

Technology) course may be admitted into the programme.

4.0 CURRICULUM

4.1 The Curriculum of the ND programme consists of four main components. These are:

a) General Studies/Education

b) Foundation Courses

c) Professional Courses

d) Supervised Industrial Works Experience Scheme (SIWES)

4.2 The General Education component shall include courses in:

Art Humanities - English Language, and Communication. These are compulsory.

Social Studies - Citizenship (the Nigerian Constitution), Entrepreneurship are compulsory.

4.3 The General Education component shall account for not more than 10% of total contact hours for the

programme.

4.4 Foundation Courses include: courses in Economics, Mathematics, Pure Science, Computer

Applications, Technical Drawing, Descriptive Geometry, Statistics, etc. The number of hours will vary with the

programme and may account for about 10-15% of the total contact hours.

4.5.1 Professional Courses: are courses which give the student the theory and practical skills he needs to

practice his field of calling at the technician/technologist level. These may account for between 60 - 70% of

the contact hours depending on programme.

4.5.2 Supervised Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) shall be taken during the long vacation

following the end of the second semester of the first year. See details of SIWES at Paragraph 9.0

5.0 CURRICULUM STRUCTURE

5.1 ND Programme:

The structure of the ND programme consists of four semesters of classroom, laboratory and workshop

activities in the college and a semester (3-4 months) of Supervised Industrial Work Experience Scheme

(SIWES). Each semester shall be of 17 weeks duration made up as follows:

15 contact weeks of teaching, i.e. lecture recitation and practical exercises, etc and 2 weeks

for tests, quizzes, examinations and registration.

SIWES shall take place at the end of the second semester of the first year.

6.0 ACCREDITATION

The programme offered shall be accredited by the NBTE before the diplomats shall be awarded the diploma

certificate. Details about the process of accrediting a programme for the award of the ND or HND are

available from the Executive Secretary Programmes Department, National Board for Technical Education,

Plot 'B' Bida Road, P.M.B 2239, Kaduna, Nigeria.

7.0 CONDITION FOR THE AWARD OF THE ND

Institution offering accredited programmes will award the National Diploma to candidates who successfully

complete the programme after passing prescribed course work, examinations, diploma project and the

supervised industrial work experience. Such candidates should have completed a minimum of between

semester 90 and 100% credit units depending on the programme. Diploma Certificate shall be awarded

based on the following classifications: - 90 and 100.

Distinction CGPA3.50 - 4.0

Upper Credit CGPA3.00 - 3.49

Lower Credit CGPA2.50 - 2.99

Pass CGPA2.00 - 2.49

8.0 GUIDANCE NOTES FOR TEACHERS TEACHING THE PROGRAMME

The new curriculum is drawn in unit courses. This is in keeping the provisions of the provisions of the

National Policy on Education which stress the need to introduce the semester credit units which enable a

student who to transfer the already completed in an institution of similar standard from which he is

transferring.

8.1 In designing the units, the principle of the modular system has been adopted; thus making each of the

professional modules, when completed self-sufficient and providing the student with technical operative

skills, which can be used for employment purposes.

8.2 As the success of the credit units system depends on the articulation of programmes between the

institutions and industry, the curriculum content has been written in terms of behavioural objectives, so that it

is clear to all, the expected performance of the students who successfully completed some of the courses or

the diplomats of the programme is clearly defined. There is a slight departure in the presentation of the

performance based curriculum which requires the conditions under which the performance are expected to

be carried out and the criteria for the acceptable levels of performance. It is a deliberate attempt to further

involve the staff of the department teaching the programme to write their own curriculum stating the

conditions existing in their institution under which the performance can take place and to follow that with the

criteria for determining an acceptable level of performance. Departmental submission on the final curriculum

may be vetted by the Academic Board of the institution. Our aim is to continue to see to it that a solid internal

evaluation system exits in each institution for ensuring minimum standard and quality of education in the

programmes offered thought the polytechnic system.

8.3 The teaching of the theory and practical work should, as possible, be integrated. Practical exercise,

especially those in professional courses and laboratory work should not be taught in isolation from the

theory. For each course, there should be a balance of theory to practice depending on the course objectives

and content.

9.0 GUIDELINES ON SIWES PROGRAMME

For the smooth operation of the SIWES the following guidelines shall apply:

9.1 Responsibility for Placement of Students

(i) Institutions offering the ND Programme shall arrange to place the students in industry. By April 30th of

each year, six copies of the master list showing where each student has been placed shall be submitted to

the Executive Secretary NBTE which shall, in turn, authenticate the list and forward it to be the Industrial

Training Fund.

(ii) The Placement Officer should discuss and agree with industry on the following:

(a) a task inventory of what the students should be expected to experience during the period

of attachment. It may be wise to adopt the one already approved for each field.

(b) the industry-based supervisor of the students during the period, likewise the institution-

based supervisor.

of the student during the period of attachment should be weighted more on the evaluation by

his industry-based supervisor.

9.2 Evaluation of Students During the SIWES

In the evaluation of the student, cognizance should be taken of the following items:

i) Punctuality

ii) Attention

General Attitude to Work

Respect for Authority

Interest in the field/Technical area

Technical competence as a potential technician in his field.

9.3 Grading of SIWES

To ensure uniformity of grading scales, the institution shall ensure that the uniform grading of student's work

which has been agreed to by all polytechnics is adopted.

9.4 The Institution Based Supervisor

The institution-based supervisor should sign the log book during each visit. This enable him to check and

determine to what extent the objectives of the scheme are being met and to assist students having any

problems regarding the specific assignments given to them by their industry-based supervisor.

9.5 Frequency of Visit

Institution should ensure that students placed on attachment are visited within one month of their placement.

Other visits shall be arranged so that:

i) there is another visit six weeks after the first visit; and

ii) a final visit in the last month of the attachment.

9.6 Stipend for Students on SIWES

The rate of stipend payable shall be determined from time to time by the Federal Government after due

consultation with the Federal Ministry of Education, the Industrial Training fund and the NBTE.

9.7 SIWES as a Component of the Curriculum

The completion of SIWES is important in the final determination of whether the student is successful in the

programme or not. Failure in the SIWES is an indication that the student has not shown sufficient interest in

the field or has no potential to become a skilled technician in his field. The SIWES should be graded on a fail

or pass basis. Where a student has satisfied all other requirements but failed SIWES, he may only be

allowed to repeat another four months SIWES at his own expense.

Curriculum Table

NDI 1ST SEMESTER

S/No Course

Code

Course Title Contact

Hours

L P CH

week

Units

Prerequisite

STB 111 Plant and Animal Taxonomy 75 2 3 5 5

STB 112 Morphology and Physiology of Living Things 60 1 3 4 4

STC 111 General Principles of Chemistry 75 2 3 5 5

STC 112 Inorganic Chemistry I 60 1 3 4 4

STP 111 Mechanics 75 2 3 5 5

STP 112 Heat Energy 60 1 3 4 4

STP 113 Algebra for Science 30 1 1 2 2

STP 114 Electronic Logic for Science 30 1 1 2 2

STC 113 Technical English 30 1 1 2 2

GLT111 General Laboratory Techniques (ii) Safety in the

laboratory, and (i) Care and maintenance of

laboratory ware and equip.

30 1 1 2 2

Total 525 13 22 35 35

NDI 2ND SEMESTER

S/No Course

Code

Course Title Contact

Hours

L P CH

week

Units

Prerequisite

STB 121 Cell Biology 75 2 3 5 5

STC 121 Organic Chemistry I 75 2 3 5 5

STC 122 Physical Chemistry 75 2 3 5 5

STP 121 Electricity and Magnestism 75 2 3 5 5

STP 122 Optics and Waves 45 1 2 3 3

STC 123 Analytical Chemistry 75 2 3 5 5

GLT 121 General Laboratory Techniques (iii) Preparation

of Laboratory Side Shelf Reagents, and (iv)

Separation Techniques and Sample

Management

30 1 1 2 2

COM 123 Computer Packages I 75 1 3 4 4

Total 525 13 21 34 34

NDII 1st SEMESTER

S/No Course

Code

Course Title Contact

Hours

L P CH

week

Units

Prerequisite

STM 211 Microbiology 60 1 3 4 4

STB 211 Pest and Pests Control 45 1 2 3 3

STB 212 Pathology 45 1 2 3 3

STC 211 Inorganic Chemistry II 45 1 2 3 3

STC 212 Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and

Quality Control

75 2 3 5 5

STP 211 Electronics 60 1 3 4 4

STP 212 Thermodynamics & Electromagnetism 45 1 2 3 3

*STS 211 *Citizenship Education and Use of Library 30 1 1 2 2

STP 213 Calculus for Science 30 1 1 2 2

COM 215 Computer Packages II 90 1 4 5 5

Total 525 11 23 34 34

*STS 211 Citizenship and use of Library is taken from GNS 201 Communication Skills

NDII 2nd SEMESTER

S/No Course

Code

Course Title Contact

Hours

L P CH

week

Units

Prerequisite

STB 221 Genetics 60 1 2 3 3

STB 222 Ecology 75 2 3 5 5

STC 221 Organic Chemistry II 75 2 3 5 5

STC 222 Biochemistry 75 2 3 5 5

STP 221 Maintenance and Repairs of Scientific and

Electronic Equipment

60 1 3 4 4

GLT 222 General Laboratory Techniques Module (vii)

Vacuum Techniques and Module (viii)

Glassblowing

30 1 1 2

STS 221 Practical Project and Seminar 135 1 7 8 8

STA 225 Small Business Management I 30 1 1 2 2

525 11 24 34 34

NDI 1ST Semester

Course: Plant and Animal Taxonomy

Department/Programme: National Diploma

Course: Plant and Animal Taxonomy Course Code: STB 111 Credit Hours:

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

hours/week 2

hours /week 3

General Objectives

1. Know the general classification of the plant kingdom

2. Know the diagnostic features of the thallophytes (algae and fungi)

3. Know the distinguishing characteristics of the embryophyta (bryophytes, pterielophytes, spermatophytes)

4. Know the classification, identification and preservation of common flowering plants

5. Know the general classification of the animal kingdom

6. Know the diagnostic features of the following phyla: protozoa, plahelminthes coelenterata, nematoda, annelids, arthropoda

7. Know the distinguished characteristics and identify the major classes of vertebrates (pisces, amphibia, reptila, mammalia)

8. Know the preservation methods of common vertebrates and invertebrates

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 1.0: Know the General Classification of Plant Kingdom

Plant Classification

1.1 Explain the principles of plant

classification.

1.2 List the major groups of the plant

kingdom viz:- Phycophyoralgue;

mycophytafungi; bryophyta;

tracheophyta; pteridophyta;

mahaphyta.

Identify the major groups of the plant

kingdom viz:- Phycophyoralgue;

mycophytafungi; bryophyta;

tracheophyta; pteridophyta;

mahaphyta.

1.3 Outline the characteristics of each

of the groups in above.

1.4 Explain the following as associated

with plant classification: family, jenus,

species.

1.5 Explain the binomial system of

nomenclature plants.

Give lectures Blackboard

Examine the external and internal

structures of least two examples from

each of the groups listed in 1.2 above

(using a microscopes of a hand lens

where necessary.

Identify the plants examined in 1.2

above using the binomial system of

nomenclature

Helping students to

identify

Algae

Phycophyta

Fungi

Pteridophyta e.t.c.

Supervise practical

examination

Microscopes

Hand held lens

Plant specimens

General Objective 2.0: Know the diagnostic features of the thallophytes (Algae and Fungi)

2.1 Identify the classes of algae

2.2 Describe the structure of two

named examples of common algae.

Differentiate between algae and the

fungi.

2.3 Explain the 5 basic classes of fungi

and how they are distinguished under

the microscope

2.4 Describe the structure of two

named examples of common fungi.

Lecture Classroom

resources

Identify the 5 basic classes of fungi

by using staining and microscopic

examination

Supervise practical

identification of algae

and fungi.

Magnifying glasses

microscopes

General Objective 3.0: Know the distinguishing characteristics of the embryophyta (bryophytes, pterielophytes, spermatophytes)

3.1 List classes of bryophytes

3.2 Describe the structure of one

named example of bryophyte.

3.3 List the classes of pterodophytes.

3.4 Describe the structure of one

named examples of a pterdophyte

3.5 Know the differences between the

Explain

embryophyta and

describe the

structure of an

example of

bryophyte and

pteridophyte.

Lecture

notes

Blackboard

Differentiate visually between the

bryophytes and tracheophytes

(ptedidophyte and spermatophytes).

Guide students in the

lab

Hand held

magnifying lens

bryophytes and

tracheophytes

(ptedidophyte and

spermatophytes

specimens

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

two subdivisions of the spermatophyta

viz: gymnosperms and angiosperms.

3.6 List the classes of the

Gymnosperms and the Angiosperms.

3.7 Describe the structure of one

example each of a gymnosperm and

an angiosperm.

Lecture on

spermatophyta and

explain the

structure of one

example of

gymnosperm and

angiosperm.

General Objective 4.0: Know the classification, Identification and Preservation of common flowering plant

4.1 Outline the characteristics of

common flowering plant families viz:

monocotyledonous plants:-

1. Graminease e.g. Grass, Bamboo

2. Palmae e.g. Palms

3. Liliaceae e.g. onions,

Dicotyledenous plants:-

4. Leguminosae e.g. Crotolaria, cassia

5. Combretaceae e.g. combretum

Introduction of basic Herbarium

Technique

Display monocotyledonous and

dicotyledenous plants.

6. Sterculiaceae e.g. cola

7. Malvaceae e.g. Hibiscus

8. Bombacaceae e.g Bombax

9. Rutaceae e.g. citrus

10. Anacardiaceae e.g. mango;

cashew nuts

11. Maliaceae e.g mahogamy

12. Compositae e.g. Tridax

Identify and distinguish between the

common families of flowering plants

viz:

monocotyledonous plants by making

the specimens available to students:

1. Graminease e.g.

Grass, Bamboo

2. Palmae e.g. Palms

3. Liliaceae e.g. onions,

Dicotyledenous

plants:-

4. Leguminosae e.g.

Crotolaria, cassia

5. Combretaceae e.g

combretum

6. Sterculiaceae e.g.

cola

Identify the plants with

students.

Botanical Garden

with the required

specimens

Plant, presses.

Cardboard,

secateurs

herbarium poisons.

Magnifying glass

Weed album and

key for

identification

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

7. Malvaceae e.g.

Hibiscus

8. Bombacaceae e.g.

Bombax

9. Rutaceae e.g.

citrus

10. Anacardiaceae

e.g. mango; cashew

nuts

11.Maliaceae e.g.

mahogamy

12. Compositae e.g.

Tridax

Describe the technique for collecting

and preserving common flora

Identify the important species of each

of the families listed above by using the

binomial nomenclature (students

should be encouraged to know local

names of the species whenever

possible)

Collect common flora by applying the

appropriate technique and Classify

appropriately the flora collected

General Objective 5.0: Know the General classification of the animal kingdom

5.1 Outline the characteristics and

identify the following phyla

invertebrates:

Coelenterata

(coelenterates)

Platylminths

(wematodes)

Annelida (annelids)

Arthropoda

(arthropods)

Molusca (mollusca)

lecture Classroom

resources

Identify the two major groups of

animal kingdom (Vertebrates and

Invertebrates) and describe their

characteristics

Show animals that fall

into these two groups.

Practical identification

Grade drawing

Laboratory

or museum

Preserved

specimens

Preserved

specimen

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

5.2 Explain the characteristics of the

phylum chordata

5.3 Outline the characteristics of the

following major classes of vertebrates:

Pisces (fish)

Amphibia

(Amphibians)

Raptila (Reptiles)

Aves (Birds)

Mammalian

(Mammals)

Identify the following major classes of

vertebrates:

Pisces (fish)

Amphibia

(Amphibians)

Raptila (Reptiles)

Aves (Birds)

Mammalian

(Mammals)

General Objective 6.0: Know the diagnostic features of the following phyla: Protozoa, Plahelminthes Coelenterata, nematoda, annelids,

arthropoda.

Invertebrate diagnostic features

6.1 Classify the invertebrates

6.2 List the distinguishing

characteristics of the following phyla:

Protozoa

Coelenterata

Phytyhelminthes

Nematodes

Annelida

Arthropoda

Mollusca

Lecture on

invertebrates and

list out their

characteristics

Classroom

resources

6.3 Identify examples from each

phylum in 6.2. above

6.4 Describe the external structure of

some common examples from each

phylum in 6.2 above.

6.5 Identify, draw and label examples

from 6.4 above.

Practical: Illustrate

identification of

collected specimen.

Magnifying glasses

Preserved

specimen

General Objective 7.0 Know the distinguishing characteristics and identify the major classes of vertebrates (Pisces, amphibia, reptila,

mammalia)

7.1 Describe the external features of

some common examples from each of

the phylum Pisces, amphibia, reptila,

mammalia

Identify, draw and label examples

from 7.1 above.

7.2 Explain the protochorodates as a

link between invertebrates and

vertebrates.

Lectures Classroom

resources

Identify the protochorodates as a link

between invertebrates and

vertebrates

Display these

preserved vertebrates

for practical analysis.

Draw and label

examples of

vertebrates

Show students the

Preserved

specimen and tools

for collection.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

protochorodates and

point out the features

that form a link

between invertebrates

and vertebrates

General Objective 8.0: Know the Preservation methods of common vertebrates and invertebrates

8.1 Explain Preservation

8.2 List the common preservation for

the vertebrates

8.3 List the common preservative

methods for the invertebrates.

8.4 Enumerate the importance of

preservation.

lectures Classroom

resources

Collect, identify and preserve

common examples of vertebrates and

invertebrates.

Conduct field trips

Demonstrate the

preparation of fixates.

Fieldwork and

laboratory

Specimen

Bottles and

containers,

components of

various fixates

Assessment:

Coursework/Assignments 10%; Practical 40%; Examination 50 %

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Biology: A Functional Approach, by Michael Roberts, Nelson Thornes (Publishers) Ltd

Course: Morphology and Physiology of Living

Department/ Programme: Science Lab. Technology ND

Course: Morphology and Physiology of Living Course Code: STB 112 Credit Hours:

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

1 hours/week

3 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Know the morphology, life cycles and economic importance of selected examples of the following divisions (1) Thallopyta including lichens (2)

Bryophta (3) Pteridophyta (4) Spermatophyte (5) Gymnosperms (6) Angiosperms.

2. Know the morphology, life cycles and economic importance of selected examples of the following examples of the following Phyta (1), Protozoa

(2) Coelenterate (3) Pahtyhelminthes (4) Nernatodes (5) Annelida (6) Anthropoda (7) Mollusca.

3. Know the morphology evolutionary relationship and economic importance of selected examples of phylum Chorda Protochordata and Euchordata

(a) Protecttorate (b) Euchordata (1) Pisces (Fishes) (2) Amphibian (3) Reptile (4) Aves Mammalian.

4. Know the morphology and physiology of valves organs and systems in the animal kingdom.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 1.0: Know the morphology, life cycles and economic importance of selected examples of the following divisions (1) Thallopyta

including lichens (2) Bryophta (3) Pteridophyta (4) spermataphyta (Gymnosporms, Augiosporms.

1.1 Describe the general

characteristics, and classification of

the algae.

1.2 Describe the morphology of

diatoms, euglena, spirogyra, ferns.

1.3 Describe the life cycles of the

examples diatoms, euglena,

spiragyra, ferns.

1.4 List and explain the economic

importance of algae.

Lecture Classroom

resources

Collect samples of each

group in 1.1. to 1.22 above

for classification and

preservation and conduct

practical grades drawing

Conduct field trips and

guide students in

collection and

preservation of

collected samples.

Tools for

Herbarium

collection and

camera for

snapping rear

specimens.

Magnifying glasses

1.5 Describe the general

characteristics and classification of

fungi.

1.6 Describe the structure and life

cycle of a saprophytic fungus e.g.

mucor and a parasitic fungus

pythium.

1.7 List and explain the economic

importance of fungi

Continue to collect samples

of each group in 1.1. to 1.22

above for classification and

preservation and conduct

practical grades drawing

1.8 Describe the structure and

classification of lichens.

1.9 Explain the importance of

lichens.

1.10 Explain the general

characteristics and classification of

bryophyta.

1.11 Describe the morphology and

life cycles of a liverwort e.g.

marchantia and moss e.g. funaria.

1.12 Explain the concept of

alternation of generation in

Bryophyta.

Continue to collect samples

of each group in 1.1. to 1.22

above for classification and

preservation and conduct

practical grades drawing

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

1.13 Explain the general

characteristics, and classification of

pteridophytes

1.14 Describe the morphology and

life of a club moss e.g. selaginella

and a fern

1.15 Explain alternation of

generation in pteridophyta compare

it with that of the bryophyta.

1.16 Explain the concept of

heterospory as illustrated by

selaginella.

1.17 Explain the adaptive features of

pteriodphytes to plant and its

evolutionary significance

Continue to collect samples

of each group in 1.1. to 1.22

above for classification and

preservation and conduct

practical grades drawing

Compare and contrast the

characteristics of mosses.

Conduct field trips

Conduct practical

grades drawing

Chart and Visual

aids.

Microscope

Plants

Preservation

materials.

Magnifying glasses

1.18 Describe the general

characteristics and classification of

gymnosperms.

1.19 Describe external features and

life cycle of cycis.

1.20 Explain the economic

importance of gymnosperm.

1.21 Describe the general

characteristics and classification of

angiosperms.

1.22 List and describe the range of

types of angiosperms- trees, herbs

and shrubs.

1.23 Explain the adaptations and

economic importance of the

angiosperms.

1.24 Outline the evolutionary

relationship between the division in

1.1 to 1.22 above.

Lecture Classroom. Continue to collect samples

of each group in 1.1. to 1.22

above for classification and

preservation and conduct

practical grades drawing

Identify the morphological

differences between

monocotyledons and

dicotyledoms

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

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Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 2.0: Know the morphology, life cycles and economic importance of selected examples of the following examples of the

following Phyla (1) Protozoa (2) Coelenterata (3) Platyhelminthes (4) Nematodes (5) Annelida (6) Antropoda (7) Mollvsca

2.1 List the general characteristics of

the major classes of protozoa.

2.2 Describe the structure and life

cycles of amoeba and paramecium.

2.3 List the economic importance of

the protozoa.

2.4 Describe the general

characteristics of the major classes

of the phylum coelenterata to

illustrate diploblastic organization.

2.5 Describe the structure and life

cycles of hydra and obelia.

2.6 List the differences between

hydra and obelia.

2.7 List the economics importance of

coelenterates.

Demonstrate and describe

the various life cycles,

morphology and economics

importance of amoeba,

protozoa, planaria,

schristoma etc.

Video films,

monographs

Prepare cultures of

protozoan e.g. amoeba,

hydra and examine by using

hanging drop method.

Assist students to carry

out labelled drawing.

Laboratory

reagent.

Salt solutions

Laboratory

apparatus.

2.8 List the general characteristics of

the major classes of the

playhelminthes.

2.9 Describe the structure and life

cycles of planaria, fasciola and

schistosoma.

2.10 Describe the parasitic adaptations

of fasciola and schistosoma.

2.11 List the economic importance of

the phylum, plathyhelminthes.

Describe the general

characteristics of the

organism.

Classroom Identify by using microscope

the differences of the species

2.12 Describe the general

characteristics of the major classes

of the phylum nematoda.

2.13 Describe the structure and life

cycles of ascaris, guinea worm.

2.14 Explain the parasitic adaptions

of the phylum, Nematoda.

2.15 List the economic importance of

the phylum, nematoda.

Lecture Identify by using microscope

the differences of the species

mentioned in 2.1

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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2.16 describe the general

characteristics of the major classes

of the plylum annelida.

2.17 Explain the significance of the

coelom.

2.18 Describe the structure and life

cycles of lumbricus, nereis and

hirodo.

2.19 Explain the importance of the

species in 2.18 above to agriculture.

Identify by using microscope

the differences of the species

2.20 Describe the characteristics of

the major classes of the phylum

mollusca.

2.21 Describe the structure and life

cycles of gastropods and bivalves.

2.22 List the economics importance

of mollusca generally.

2.23 Describe the characteristics of

the major classes of the phylum,

arthropoda.

Collect samples of each

group 2.1 to 2.28 for

identification and

classification

2.24 List the classes of the phylum

Arthropoda.

2.25 List the common orders of the

phylum Arthropda and give

examples e.g. diptera orthoptera,

coleoptera, hemipters, leidoptera

hymenoptera, odonata, isoptera,

dictyoptera and nenroptera.

2.26 List and explain the economic

importance of insects of the phylum

arthropoda.

Conduct field trips and collect

samples to identify, classify

and preserve.

Magnifying glass,

Microscope

Preservative

materials.

Slow moving

stream, dropping

pipettes petral

dishes.

2.27 List the characteristics and

classify the phylumic chinodermata

into its major classes with some

examples

2.28 Describe the structure and life

cycle of the examples in 2.27 above.

Draw label sketches.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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2.29 Describe the economic

importance of echinoderms.

2.30 Outline the evolutionary

relationship between the phyla and

within each phylum from 2.1 to 2.28

General Objective 3.0: Know the morphology evolutionary relationship and economic importance of selected examples of phylum chorda

Protochordata and euchordata (a) Protectorate (b) Euchordata (1) Pisces (Fishes) (2) Amphibian (3) Reptile (4) Aves Mammalian.

3.1 Compare the morphological

features of representatives of (a)

protochordates and (b) euchordates,

of the phylum chordata.

3.2 Relate the features of these

organisms to their modes of life.

3.3 Outline the evolutionary

relationship between (a)

protochordates and euchordates and

(b) within the classes of

euchordates.

3.4 List animals of economic

importance in the group

protochordate.

Examine protochordate e.g.

amphioxus and identify

different features of

evolutionary interest.

Demonstrations and

drawings.

Practical examination

Magnifying glass.

Models of the

specimens as

available in the

museum.

General Objective 4.0: Know the morphology and Physiology of Valves organs and systems in the animal kingdom

4.1 Distinguish between morphology

and physiology

4.2 Describe the morphology of the

following mammalian organs and

systems; nervous system, circulatory

system, digestive system, excretory

system, regulatory system,

reproductive system.

4.3 Explain the physiological

processes of the organs and

systems in 4.2 above.

4.4 Compare and contrast the

physiological processes as seen in the

different phyla of the animal kingdom.

Lectures Lecture notes

chalkboard

Draw and label the various

organs and systems

mentioned in 4.2 above.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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4.5 Relate the structures of the

various organs in 4.2 above to their

functions.

4.6 Relate the structures of the

various organs in 4.2 above to

evolutionary trends in the animal

kingdom.

4.7 Describe the effects of

environmental factors like oxygen

concentration, temperature,

osmoregulation and pollutions on the

physiology of animals.

Practical dissection grade

drawing

Dissecting

kits.

Noards.

Dissect and identify the

internal organs of (i) bony

fish (ii) toad/frog, a small

mammal.

Draw and label the

dissections in 4.9 above.

Observe under

microscope and draw.

Dissention guides

on the various

specimens

available and

dissenting kit..

Assessment:

Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Practical 40%; Examination 50 %

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Biology: A Functional Approach, by Michael Roberts, Nelson Thornes (Publishers) Ltd

Course: General Principles of Chemistry

Department/Programme: National Diploma

Course: General Principles of Chemistry Course Code: STC 111 Credit Hours:

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

hours/week 2

hours/week 3

General Objectives

1. Understand atoms molecules, composition and structure

2. Understand the arrangement of elements in the periodic table

3. Understand chemical thermodynamics

4. Understand the properties and reactions of acids, bases and salts

5. Understand the fundamental concept of oxidation and reduction reactions

6. Understand surface phenomena and colloidal systems

7. Understand chemical equilibrium

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources

General Objective 1: Understand atoms molecules, composition and structure

On completion of this course, the

student should be able to:

1.1 Explain the experimental

basis of atomic theory using the

Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom

and many electron atoms.

1.2 Describe atomic spectra

particularly the H atom emission

spectrum

1.3 Discuss, qualitatively, the

Energy States of the hydrogen

atom in the Bohr model

1.4 Relate these Energy States to

the observed emission spectra

1.5 Explain the limitations of the

Bohr model

Lectures Blackboard

Chalk

Molecular

models

View the visible emission

spectra of several metals in

some of their compounds

Guide and

supervise lab

technicians,

technologists and

students

direct vision spectroscope

Bunsen burner, nichrome wire

fixed to a cork handle, concHCl,

solid chlorides of : barium,

calcium, potassium, sodium and

strontium

beakers and watch glasses

1.6 Describe the wave-particle

duality of electrons and energy

1.7 State the different main

energy levels of an atom, namely

K, L, M…

1.8 Correlate the energies of the

electron in the K, L, M, N,…shells

with the values of the principal

quantum no n= 1,2,3,4,……

1.9 Relate the lines of the

hydrogen emission spectrum to

electronic energy level.

1.10 State Hund's rule,

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Pauli exclusion principle.

1.11 Explain 1.10 above in

relation to the concept of orbitals

including subsidiary energy levels

(s,p,d,f orbitals).

Lectures Classroom

resources

Interpret the mass spectrum of

representative elements such

as Oxygen, Carbon, Chlorine

etc.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

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activities

Resources

1.12 Explain the significance e of

the four quantum numbers

2.1 Describe the shapes of s and

p orbitals.

1.13 Sketch the s and p orbitals.

1.14 Describe the determination

of relative atomic and molecular

masses.

1.15 Explain isotopes and their

use Describe the use of mass

spectrometer as a means of

proving the existence of isotopes.

1.16 Define the following:: (i)

Atomic number, (ii) Mass number,

(iii) Atomic mass, Based on 12C

Lecture classroom

resources

Separate a mixture of sand and

salt and relate the results to the

different types of bonding in

each

Provide spectra

and guide students

through their

interpretation

Workshop resources and

representative mass spectra

1.17 Explain valency and

chemical bonding.

1.18 Explain the octet and duplet

rules

1.19 Distinguish between the

following types of bonds: ionic:

covalent; metallic, co-ordination

bond.

1.20 Understand energy

considerations in ionic bonding

and lattice energy

1.21 Understand the formation of

covalent bonds, bond length and

bond energy, electronegativity

and bond polarity,

1.22 Explain Van der Waal's

forces

Prepare iron sulphide from iron

and sulphur

Guide students iron, Sulphur, Bunsen burner,

glassware,

magnets

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources

General Objectives: 2. 0 Understand the arrangement of elements in the periodic table

2.1 Discuss the development of

the periodic table

2.2 Describe building up periods I

and II

2.3 Describe building up period III

2.4 Describe electron

configurations within groups

2.5 Describe the first d-orbital

transition series; building up

period IV

2.6 Discuss the non-metallic

elements

2.7 Discuss the Noble Gases

2.8 Write down electronic

configuration for the first twenty

elements of the periodic table.

2.9 Relate electron configuration

to the position in the periodic

table.

Lecture classroom

resources

Investigate the reactivity of

group 2 metals

(i) Mg. Ca, Sr, and Ba with

water

(ii) Mg and Ca with dilute HCl

Reactivity of transition metals -

The Copper Envelope

Guide students Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, water, dilute

hydrochloric acid test tubes etc

2.10 Describe trends in the

Periodic Table such as atomic

size, ionisation energy, electron

affinity, reactivity.

2.11 Describe diagonal

relationships

Copper foil, tongs, Bunsen

General Objective 3: Understand chemical Thermodynamics

3.1 Describe thermodynamic

systems e.g. open system, closed

system, isolated system.

3.2 Explain thermodynamic

functions enthalpy, entropy, free

energy.

3.3 Explain the first and second

laws of thermodynamics and their

significance.

Lecture classroom

resources

Measure heat of reaction by

simple experiments e.g. heat of

neutralization NaOH, HCl of a

acid and strong base.

Teacher

supervises and

guides students in

the laboratory

Chemicals calorimeter

Glassware etc.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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activities

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activities

Resources

3.4 Explain thermo chemistry as

heat effects that accompany

chemical reactions

General Objective 4: Understand the properties and reactions of acid, bases and salts.

4.1 Define an acid and a base

according to Arrhenius, Bronsted -

Lowry and Lewis concepts.

4.2 Identify acids and bases in

chemistry equations.

4.3 Explain the meaning of the

terms conjugates acid and

conjugate base

4.4 Distinguish between a strong

and weak acid or base.

4.5 Write the expression for the

dissociation constant for an acid

HA (aq)

4.6 Give the equation for the

degree of dissociation and

concentration, M. (mole dm3) for a

dilute solution of a weak acid.

4.7 Explain Ostwald's Dilution law

and dissociation constant, K.

4.8 Calculate the degree of

dissociation of a weak acid given the

molarity and dissociation constant.

4.9 State the value of the ionic

product of water.

Define acid, bases

and salts and

teach to identify

them in equations

Explain

dissociation

constant and

derive expression

for it

Work out simple

calculations on

degree of

dissociation of

weak acid

Carry out acid base titration by

using conductance meter

Identify indicators and use

indicators in acid base titration

Guide students Chemicals

Conductance meters pH meters

colour charts indicators burettes

glassware

4.10 Explain the concept of

hydrogen on concentration and pH

4.11 Calculate the pH value of an

acid or base given the hydrogen

ion concentration

4.15 Identify various types of

indicators and the use in the

measurement of pH.

Measure the pH of solutions by

using colour charts, indicators

and pH meter

Determine experimentally the

strengths of acids and bases in

relation to structure e.g. in the

series CH3COOH, HCL, NH4,

OH, NaOH

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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activities

Resources

4.16 Define the terms, pka and

pkb

4.17 State the Henderson

Hasslebach equation

4.18 Use the Henderson

Hassleback equation

4.19 Understand that, for a weak

acid in a solution where the pH =

of the acid , the acid is 50%

ionised.

4.20 Define the terms, buffer

solution and buffer capacity

4.21 Explain the effectiveness of

a buffer solution.

4.22 Describe buffers in

Biochemistry and Medicine (e.g.

blood, and biochemical

experiments)

Lectures Measure pKa of a weak acid

via titration

Titrate a weak acid by using a

strong base. Plot the results

and observe the region of

buffering and the end point.

Teacher

supervises

students

4.23 Explain the hydrolysis of

salts

4.12 Explain common ion effect.

4,14 Explain the solubility product

and its application in quantitative

and volumetric analysis.

4.24 Calculate the value of the

solubility product given the

solubility of sparingly soluble salt.

Calculate the solubility product

of silver acetate in water and

solutions of varying

concentrations of sodium

nitrate.

Guide students test tubes chemicals and burette

for back titrations

General Objectives: 5.0 Understand the fundamental concept of oxidation and reduction reactions.

5.1 Explain:

(a) Oxidation

reaction

(b) Reduction

reaction

Explain redox

reactions and

interims of

electron transfer

State half ionic

equation in

oxidation and

Carry out redox titration's by

using potassium permanganate

Supervise students

in the laboratory

Titration apparatus and chemicals

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources

5.2 Explain the oxidation and

reduction reactions in terms of

electron transfer

5.3 List some oxidizing and

reducing agents.

5.4 State the periodicity of

oxidation state of the elements.

5.5 State half ionic equation

involving in oxidation reaction.

5.6 State half ionic equation to

illustrate reduction.

5.7 Balance simple redox

equation's

reduction

reactions

Conduct practical

titration

General Objective 6: Understand surface phenomena and colloidal systems

6.1 Surface Phenomena and

Colloidal Systems.

6.2 Explain the following surface

phenomena

(a) colloidal gels (b) surface

tension (c) absorption, (d)

emulsion (e) gels (f) flotation (g)

chromatography

6.3 Differentiate between

adsorption and absorption

Lecture classroom

resources

Chromatography of leaves Guide students finely cut leaves, chromatography

paper, propanone, beaker, lid,

glass rod or pencil

6.4 Define Ion-Exchange

6.3 Distinguish between cation

and anion exchange processes.

6.4 Describe the applications of

ion-exchange.

Purify hard water using ion-

exchange chromatography

Guide students in

the laboratory

Ion-exchange chromatography

General Objective 7.0 Understand chemical equilibrium

7.1 Explain chemical equilibrium

7.2 State the factors affecting

chemical equilibrium

7.3 Explain reversible reaction in

relation to chemical equilibrium

7.4 Explain Le Chatellier's

Lecture Investigation of the effect of

concentration changes on

chemical equilibria

Guide students test tubes, gloves, potassium

chromate, sulphuric acid, NaOH,

potassium or ammonium

thiocyanate, iron III chloride

ammonium chloride, glass rod,

teat pipettes

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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activities

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activities

Resources

principle

7.5 Define equilibrium constant

7.6 Explain the law of mass action

7.7 Calculate concentrations

present in equilibrium mixture at

given temperature starting from

any given amounts of reactants

and products.

Assessment:

Coursework/ Assignments 10%; Practical 40 %; Examination 50%

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Classic Chemistry Experiments published by The Royal Society of Chemistry (UK) and free on the internet at

http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/classic_exp.htm

Salters Advanced Chemistry Activities and Assessment Pack published by Heinemann

Chemistry by M.J. Sienko and R.A. Plane (Mc Graw Hill)

Course: Inorganic Chemistry I

Department/Programme: National Diploma

Course: Inorganic Chemistry I Course Code: STC 112 Credit Hours: 4

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

1 hours/week

3 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand and be able to use stoichiometry in chemical reactions: Mole-mass-number relationships

2. Understand the shapes of molecules of The Main Group Elements (VSEPR)

3. Understand basic concepts in UV/Visible Spectroscopy

4. Understand some transition metal chemistry

5. Understand the chemistry of group VII elements

6. Understand the extraction and reactivity of the main group elements (Na, Zn, Ca)

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources

General Objective 1: Understand and be able to use stoichiometry in chemical reactions: Mole-mass-number relationships

1-2

1.1 Be able to define the Mole

1.2 Describe molar mass

1.3 Interconversion of Moles, mass, and

number of species

1.4 calculation of mass percent from the

chemical formula

1.5 Understand empirical formulas

1.6 Understand molecular formulas

1.7 Understand combustion analysis

1.8 Understand chemical formulas and the

structures of molecules

1.9 Be able to determine the formula of an

unknown compound

Lecture Classroom

resources

Determine the formula of a

compound from experimental

data

Guide students copper strip (15 x 1 cm)

emery paper

filter paper

balance

iodine xtals (0.3 g)

boiling tube

Bunsen burner

1.10 Be able to write balanced chemical

equations and to balance chemical

equations.

1.11 Be able to calculate amounts of reactant

and product from the stoichiometrically

balanced reaction equation

Be able to prepare a

standardised solution of dilute

NaOH or HCl or similar.

Solid NaOH

Water

volumetric glassware

burettes

reference solutions

1.12 Be able to calculate amounts of reactant

and product when the reaction has a limiting

reagent

1.13 Be able to calculate: Theoretical, Actual

and Percentage Yields.

1.14 Be able to express concentration in

terms of Molarity

1.15 Be able to perform interconversions of

Mole-mass-number for species in solution

1.16 Be able to use stoichiometry of chemical

reactions in solution

General Objective 2: Understand the shapes of molecules of The Main Group Elements (VSEPR)

4-5

2.1 Be able to depict molecules and ions by

using Lewis Dot structures

2.2 Use the octet rule to write Lewis

structures

Build models of Main group

compounds by using VSEPR

rules

Guide students Molecular models (or

modelling materials

such as clay and

wooden rods)

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

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activities

Resources

2.3 Understand Resonance and delocalised

electron-pair bonding.

2.4 Understand and apply Valence Bond

Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR) to

molecular shape (a) two electron groups -

Linear, (b) three electron groups - Trigonal

Planar, (c) four electron groups - tetrahedral,

(d) five electron groups - Trigonal

Bipyramidal, (e) six elecrton groups -

Octahedral

2.5 Understand bond polarity, bond angle

and dipole moment

2.6 Understand the effect of molecular

polarity on behaviour

2.7 Relate molecular shape and polarity to

biological and drug receptors including the

sense of smell

Fit tetrahedral models to a

simulated receptor (2D but with

size and polarity regions

mapped out)

General Objective 3: Understand basic concepts in UV/Visible Spectroscopy

3.1 Know where the UV region occurs in the

electromegnetic spectrum

3.2 Know where the visible region occurs in

the electromagnetic spectrum

3.3 Know that UV and Visible radiation may

be absorbed by molecules and promote

electronic transitions.

3.4 Explain electronic transitions by using

Energy diagrams

3.5 Know the different types of elecrnonic

transitions n-pi*, pi-pi* charge transfer , etc

Obtain a UV spectrum of a

colourless conjugated organic

molecule and determine the

wavelength of maximum

absorbance and the extinction

coefficient.

Ensure that

students are

working within the

limitations of the

beer Lambert

Law and Guide

them in the Lab

UV spectrometer

chemicals.

Chart paper or

computer printer

3.6 Know and use the equation relating

energy to wavelength

3.7 be able to draw a block diagram of a

UV/Vis spectrophotometer

3.8 Know and be able to use the Beer

Lambert equation

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources

General Objective 4: Understand some transition metal chemistry

4.1 Explain the meaning of a transition metal.

4.2 Write the electronic configuration of

transition metal of a given atomic number.

4.3 Explain the characteristic properties of

the transition metals viz:

(a) metallic character

(physical and chemical)

(b) variable valency

complex

(d) formation of coloured

ions

(e) paramagnetism

Lecture

Explain transition

metals

Relate their

properties to

electronic

configuration,

ionization energies,

bond energies etc

Teaching

board

Periodic

table

Obtain a UV spectrum of a

range of coloured conjugated

transition metal complexes and

determine the wavelength of

maximum absorbance and

extinction coefficient for each.

4.4 Relate the characteristic properties of the

transition elements in 5.3 above to:

(a) electronic configuration.

(b) Atomic and ionic radio

(d) Lattice energies and

bond energies

(e) Availability of vacant

orbital for complex formation

4.5 Relate the shapes of transition metal

complexes to d-orbital symmetry rather than

VSEPR

Add CoCl2 to water and obtain

UV spectrum note wavelength

of absorbance and calculate

extinction coefficient. Note

colour and relate colour to

absorption. Acidify with conc

HC and repeat. Explain the

change in terms of molecular

shape.

10-11

4.6 Describe the properties of the following

transition elements: Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe and

their compounds.

4.7 Explain the formation of alloys of steel.

4.8 List the different types of alloys

4.9 List the uses of different types of alloys

Lecture Classroom

materials

Determination of the amount of

manganese in a steel paper

clip.

Guide students accurate balance nitric,

sulphuric and

phosphoric acid

potassium periodate

Bunsen burner

UV / vis

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources

4.10 Describe the different types of steel

4.11 Describe the special properties of steel

such as great hardness, resistance to

corrosion etc.

4.12 Describe the specific uses of steel

derived from its special properties.

spectrophotometer

potassium manganate

VII gloves safety

glasses

General Objective 5: Understand the chemistry of group VII elements

12-13

5.1 List the halogens

5.2 Describe the occurrence of halogens in

nature.

5.3 Write the electronic configuration of the

halogens

5.4 Describe the elemental forms of group VII

elements

5.5 Describe the physical and chemical

properties of fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and

iodine.

5.6 Compare the acid strengths of the four

elements above.

5.7 Describe the preparation and properties

of oxy compounds of halogens, oxyacids of

chlorine

Lecture

Classroom

materials

Prepare chlorine in the

laboratory

Identify fluoride, and iodide ions

in the laboratory.

General Objectives: 6.0 Understand the extraction and reactivity of the main group elements (Na, Zn, Ca)

14-15

6.1 Describe the occurrence and extraction of

the following main group metals, Na, Sn, Ca.

6.2 Describe the reactivity of Na, Ca, Sn

6.3 Describe the occurrence and extraction of

the following main group metals Al and Zn.

6.4 Describe the reaction of Al and Zn

Lecture Classroom

materials

Investigate the reactivity of Al

and Zn

Guide students Al and Zn

H2O and dilute HCl

alkyl halides

etc

Assessment:

Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Practical 40%; Examination 50 %

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Classic Chemistry Experiments published by The Royal Society of Chemistry (UK) and free on the internet at

http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/classic_exp.htm

Salters Advanced Chemistry Activities and Assessment Pack published by Heinemann

Chemistry by M.J. Sienko and R.A. Plane (Mc Graw Hill)

Chemistry (The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change) by M.S. Silberberg published by Mc Graw Hill

Course: Mechanics

Department/Programme: Science Laboratory Technology (National Diploma)

Course: Mechanics Course Code: STP 111 Credit Hours:

Year: 1 Semester: 1 Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

2 hours/week

3 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand rotational motion of rigid bodies.

2. Understand the phenomenon of surface tension.

3. Understand periodic motion.

4. Understand the behaviour of fluids in motion.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 1.0: Understand rotational motion of rigid bodies.

1 - 3

Rotational Motion

1.1 Explain the concept of the

moment of inertia about an axis

1.2 State and Explain the

expression for moment of inertia of

the following:

i) a rod

ii) rectangular

plate

iii) ring

iv) circular disc

v) solid and hollow

cylinders

vi) a sphere

1.3 Explain radius of gyration

1.4 Calculate the radius of gyration

for each of the bodies

1.5 Define Torque of a body about

an axis.

1.6 Define angular momentum of a

body about an axis.

1.7 Establish the relationship

between torque τ and angular

momentum (L)

i.e. dt

where t is time.

1.8 State the law of conservation of

angular momentum.

1.9 Explain the reduction in speed

of a rotating body when struck by a

Solve numerical

problems using the

expressions stated

in 1.2.

Lecture and apply

the expression in

the calculation of

kinetic energy and

acceleration of

rolling and sliding

rigid bodies e.g.

cylinder sphere,

disc, ring etc.

Solve some

numerical problems

and give

assignment.

Lecture notes

Rods,

rectangular

plate, ring,

circular disc,

solid cylinder,

hollow cylinder,

sphere.

Lecture notes

Reference

texts

Inclined plane

Cylinder,

sphere, disc

Ring, uniform

rod rectangular

plate.

Determine experimentally the

moment of inertia of a

flywheel.

Determine the moment of

inertia of a uniform rod using

bifilar suspension.

Perform experiment to

determine the moment

of inertia of a flywheel.

Perform an experiment

to determine the

moment of inertia of a

uniform rod using

bifilar suspension.

Flywheel of standard

pattern with wall support.

Mass attached to a length

of cord.

Vernier calliper

Stop clock/watch

Metre rule.

Two heavy stands and

clamps, two threaded

corks, metre rule, brass

rod, stop clock/watch.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

small mass applying the law of

conservation of angular

momentum.

1.10 Write and explain the

expression for the kinetic energy of

rotation of a rigid body.

1.11 Calculate moments of inertia

about some axes of interest of the

following, using the appropriate

formulae e.g.

- Uniform rod

- Ring

- Circular disc

- Solid cylinder

- Hollow cylinder

- Sphere

- Rectangular

plate.

General Objective 2.0: Understand the phenomenon of surface tension

4 - 6

2.1 Explain the phenomenon of

surface tension

2.2 Explain the origin of surface

tension using the

molecular theory.

2.3 Define the coefficient of

surface tension (stating its units).

2.4 Explain adhesive and cohesive

forces.

2.5 Define angle of contact

2.6 Explain capillary action giving

examples of everyday situation.

2.7 Explain the variation of surface

tension with temperature.

2.8 Explain surface tension in

terms of surface energy.

Lecture

Use examples e.g.

water and mercury

etc to illustrate

adhesive and

cohesive forces.

Lecture

Solve numerical

problems and give

assignment.

Water, mercury

etc.,

Glass dish,

chalk and

board.

Demonstrate the existence of

surface tension

Determine experimentally the

surface tension of a liquid by

capillary rise method using

travelling microscope.

Determine experimentally the

surface tension of a liquid

using a torsion balance.

Demonstrate the variation of

surface tension with

temperature using Jaeger's

method.

Use examples such as

water from tap, floating

of needle on surface of

water etc to

demonstrate the

existence of surface

tension.

Explain the use of

travelling microscope

and torsion balance

before allowing the

students to carry out

experiments on

surface tension.

Needle

Tissue paper

Beaker

Water

Water Tap

Lecture Note

Laboratory

travelling Microscope

set of glass capillary,

beaker dilute nitric acid

caustic soda solution

distilled-

water

stand with clamp

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

2.9 Relate surface tension to

specific latent heat.

2.10 Calculate the surface tension

of soap solution and soap bubble

using the appropriate equations.

Students should

determine

experimentally the

surface tension of a

liquid by capillary rise

method using

travelling microscope.

Demonstrate the

variation of surface

tension with

temperature using

Jaeger's method.

Torsion balance.

Beaker containing a liquid,

large bottle filled with

dropping funnel, on outlet

tube bent twice at right

angles/ To the end of the

tube is forced a length of

tubing which is immersed to

given depth in the liquid. A

manometer filled with xylol,

a travelling microscope.

General Objective 3.0: Understand periodic motion.

7 - 9

Periodic Motion

3.1 Explain the following:-

(i) periodic motion

(ii) simple

Harmonic motion

3.2 List examples of systems

performing simple

Harmonic motion

3.3 Define the parameters

associated with simple Harmonic

motion (amplitude ; period T;

angular velocity w etc)

3.4 State and explain the

expression for the period of

oscillation of the following :-

i) a simple

pendulum

ii) compound

pendulum

Lecture

Apply the formula

for the period of

oscillation in 3.4 to

solve some simple

numerical problems.

Determine 'g' (acceleration

due to gravity) experimentally

using:

i) compound

pendulum

ii)loaded

spiral spring

iii)loaded

cantilever

Demonstrate and

allow the students to

carry out the practicals

on how to determine g

using compound

pendulum, loaded

spiral spring and

loaded cantilever.

For 4.6 (i) Knitting needle,

metre rule with holes drilled

at equal interval

Stop clock/watch.

For 4.6 (ii) Spiral spring

slotted weights stop

clock/watch.

Retort stand.

For 4.6 (iii)

Loaded metre rule, G-

clamp stop clock/watch.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

iii) loaded elastic

spring etc

3.5 Draw and explain the graphs of

Potential Energy,

Kinetic Energy and Total Energy

against distance

from equilibrium position.

3.6 Calculate velocities of bodies in

periodic and

simple harmonic motion when

other parameters are

known.

General Objective 4.0: Understand the behaviour of fluids in motion.

10 -12

Fluids in Motion

4.1 Explain viscosity applying

molecular theory

4.2 Define velocity gradient in a

fluid

4.3 Distinguish between streamline

and turbulent flow.

4.4 State and explain Newton's

formula for viscosity:-

F = δ A x velocity gradient where

F = frictional force in a liquid

S = coefficient of viscosity

A = the area of liquid surface

4.5 Define coefficient of viscosity S

stating the units.

4.6 State the expression for the

steady flow of liquid

through a pipe i.e. Poiseulle's

formula:

Lecture Classroom

Resources.

Determine experimentally the

coefficient of

viscosity of a low density

liquid using porseuille's

formula.

Determine experimentally the

terminal velocity of small ball

bearings.

Demonstrate experimentally

the variation of

viscosity with temperature.

Determine experimentally the

value of the

coefficient of viscosity of a

liquid based on the equation.

where ν is coefficient of

Students should be

allowed to determine

experimentally the

coefficient of

viscosity of a low

density liquid using

porseuille's formula.

Students should be

made to perform the

experiment to

determine the terminal

velocity of small ball

bearings .

Students should be

made to perform the

experiment to

investigate the

variation of viscosity

with temperature.

Measuring cylinder with

marks for distance, stop

clock/watch.

Steel sphere of different

diameters, micrometer

screw gauge, etc..

Set of long tubes of

different diameters, short

inlet tubes, outer jackets for

tubes, number of small

steel ball bearings of

different diameters, stop

watch/clock.

Set of long tubes of

different diameters, short

inlet tubes, outer jackets for

tube and stir, thermometer,

number of small still ball

bearings of different

diameters, vernier callipers,

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

secperVol

=where

π = a constant (3.14)

P = pressure difference

A= radius of tube

L = length of tube

ν = coefficient of viscosity

4.7 Describe and explain the

motion of a small

spherical body falling through a

viscous fluid.

4.8 Explain terminal velocity

4.9 State and explain stoke's law -

F=6πν a v where F is frictional

force in liquid v. is terminal

velocity; a = radius of spherical

ball.

4.10 Write the expression for the

terminal velocity of a small

spherical ball i.e. falling through a

liquid

column:

−

6Pga2

where 6 is density

of 9ν liquid P is the density of the

bearing's material; a is radius of

the bearing and g acceleration due

to gravitation.

4.11

4.12 Explain the importance of

viscosity in lubrication.

13 - 15

4.13 Explain the effect of

temperature on the viscosity

of a liquid.

4.14 Derive Bernoulli's equation.

viscosity, V is velocity, a is

radius of the tube, t stands for

time and P is

Pressure difference.

Use stoke's theorem to

measure the viscosity of a

liquid of high density.

Students should

perform the

experiment to

determine the value of

coefficient of viscosity

a liquid based on the

equation.

where ν is coefficient

of viscosity, V is

velocity, a is radius of

the tube, t stands for

time and P is Pressure

difference.

Student should

perform an experiment

to determine the

viscosity of a high

density liquid.

stop clock/watch.

Cylindrical cylinder marked

at different intervals, ball

bearing, stop clock/watch,

micrometer screw gauge.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

4.15 List some applications of

Bernouli's principles e.g.

action of filter pumps and

carburettors etc.

4..16 State the dimensions of

coefficient of

viscosity.

4.17 Calculate the terminal velocity

of steel balls or

other bodies falling under gravity in

liquids.

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:

Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Course test 20%; Practical 30 %; Examination 40 %

Recommended Textbooks & References:

(1) Advanced Level Physics by Nelkon and Parker

(2) Laboratory Manual of Physics by Tyler

Course: Heat Energy

Department/Programme: National Diploma

Course: Heat Energy Course Code: STP 112 Credit Hours:

Year: 1 Semester: 1 Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

1 hours/week

3 hours /week

General Objectives:

On completion of this course, students should be able to:

1. Construct and use different types of thermometers.

2. Understand different methods of determining specific heat capacity and apply Newton's cooling correction.

3. Understand the behaviour of gases in terms of atomic and molecular motions

4. Understand the application of different modes of heat transfer.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 1.0: Construct and use different types thermometers.

1 - 2

Temperature

1.1 Define temperature using concept of

thermal equilibrium.

1.2 Define temperature in terms of

thermometric properties, length of liquid

column, pressure of a gas under constant

pressure, resistance of a wire, e.m.f. of

thermocouple, radiation from a hot body.

1.3 Define temperature scale Celsius scale,

Kelvin scale, ideal gas scale).

1.4 Convert Celsius to Kelvin scale.

1.5 Compare the ideal gas scales and other

scales.

1.6 List the basic fixed points on the

international temperature scales.

1.7 Describe the appropriate uses of

thermometers in 14.7 above.

• Lecture

with

examples

Classroom

resources.

Identify the different types

of thermometers:-

Liquid in glass

thermometers (choice of

appropriate liquid).

Resistance thermometer.

Thermocouple

Pyrometers

Gas thermometer

Clinical thermometers

Minimum and maximum

thermometers

Provide different types of

thermometers and first

allow students to identify

them using their previous

knowledge of thermometry.

Liquid in glass

thermometers (choice of

appropriate liquid).

Resistance thermometer.

Thermocouple

Pyrometers

Gas thermometer

Clinical thermometers

Minimum and maximum

thermometers

3 - 6

Construct and calibrate a

liquid in glass thermometer

resistance thermometer,

Thermocouple and Gas

Thermometers.

Conduct experiment to

ascertain the sensitivity of

thermometers constructed

by comparing with

standard ones.

Divide students into project

groups for the work

Divide students into groups

for the work

.Glass blowing laboratory

.Mercury, Capillary tube,

mercury, copper and

platinum wire.

Hot and cold sources.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 2.0: Understand different methods of determining specific heat capacity and apply Newton's cooling correction.

7 - 9

2.1 State Newton's laws of cooling

)QrQ(Ks

dQ −= where Q is the body's

temperature

S is the area of the body's surface

Qr is temperature of its surrounding

Q denotes heat lost from the body

2.2 Explain cooling corrections in

measurements of

quantity of heat.

Lecture Classroom

resources..

Determine specific heat

capacity of solid and liquid

using electrical methods.

Determine specific

capacity of liquid by

continuous flow method.

Students should determine

specific heat capacity of

solid and liquid using

electrical methods.

Student should determine

specific capacity of liquid

by continuous flow method.

Students should verify

Newton's law of cooling

experimentally

- Calorimeter

- Heater

- Thermometer

- Stop Clock/Watch

-Ammeter

-Voltmeter

- Source of EMF

Calendar and Barnes

apparatus.

Stop Clock/Watch.

Source of EMF.

- Ammeter

- Voltmeter

- Resistance Thermometer.

Verify Newton's law of

cooling experimentally

pply cooling corrections in

heat experiment.

Note:

(i) Supervise the practicals.

(ii) Group the students for

the purpose of the

practicals.

(iii) Demonstrate the

experiment for the students

before allowing them to

work in groups

Thermometer

Stirrer made of copper wire.

Stop watch/clock

Paraffin Beaker.

Cooper calorimeter

provided with a lit and

supported on corks inside a

double walled vessel

containing cold water

between the walls.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 3.0: Understand the behaviour of gases in terms of atomic and molecular motions

11 - 12

Kinetic Theory of Gas

3.1 Define atom, molecule, Avogadro

constant, relative molecular mass, mole,

molar mass, molar volume and S.T.P

3.2 Differentiate between:

(i) Number of moles; number of molecules

and Avogadro's constant.

(ii) Number of moles, mass of the gas and

molar volume

3.3 State the assumptions of the kinetic

theory of gases.

3.4 Explain Brownian motion

3.5 Explain Maxwellian distribution of

velocities (quantitatively)

3.6 Explain the terms most probable speed,

the mean speed and the mean square

speed.

3.7 Derive the expression for the pressure

exerted by an ideal gas.

As 2

C3/1P ρ=

= density

= mean square velocity

3.8 Relate the kinetic energy of a gas to its

temperature.

3.9 Derive the equation of state of an ideal

gas using the kinetic theory.

3.10 State Boyles and Charles laws.

3.11 .Distinguish between real and ideal

gas.

Lecture Classroom

resources.

Demonstrate

Brownian

Motion.

Verify the gas laws

experimentally.

Demonstrate Brownian

motion by asking the

students to watch the

movement of dust or

smoke particles.

Demonstrate the use of

Boyles and Charles laws

apparatus before asking

students to verify the laws

using the apparatus.

Boyles and Charles laws

apparatus

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 4.0: To understand the application of different modes of Heat transfer.

13 - 15

4.1 Explain heat current.

4.2 Explain Thermal conductivity of a

material.

4.3 State and explain Stefan's law of

radiation.

4.4 Explain green house effect and its every

day applications.

4.5 Explain black body radiation.

Lecture Determine Thermal

conductivity of copper

using Searle's method.

Determine Thermal

conductivity of ebonite by

Lees' Disc method.

The students should

determine Thermal

conductivity of copper

using Searle's method.

Supervise conduction of

the practical.

Students should determine

Thermal conductivity of

ebonite by Lees' Disc

method.

Supervise conduction of

the practical.

Standard form of Searle's

apparatus with steam

heater.

Beaker, stop clock/watch

callipers.

Standard laboratory form of

Lees' Disc apparatus, stop

clock/watch

and screw gauge.

Assessment:

Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Course test 20 %; Practical 30 %; Examination 40 %

Recommended Textbooks & References:

(1) Advanced Level Physics by Nelkon and Parker

(2) Laboratory Manual of Physics by Tyler

Course: Algebra for Science

Department/ Programme: National Diploma Science Laboratory Technology

Course: Algebra for science Course Code: STP 113 Credit Hours:

Year: 1st Semester: 1st Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

hours/week 1 hours

hours /week 1 hours

General Objectives

1. Be able to use the laws of indices in simplifying algebraic expressions

2. Be able to use the theory of logarithm and surds in the manipulation of scientific expression.

3. Be able to solve simultaneous and quadratic equations in scientific situations

4. Understand the algebraic operations of matrices and determinates as well as solve simultaneous linear equations by the methods of matrices

5. Be able to use Binomial theorem in the expansion of scientific expressions and in approximations.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources

General Objective 1: Be able to use the laws of indices in simplifying algebraic expression

1 General revision on the laws of

indices

Solves simple problems using the

laws the laws of indices

Classroom

resources

2 Apply the laws in simplifying

algebraic expression

Use indices in solving scientific

problems. Give assignments

Use indices in solving

scientific problems

Workshop Over head projectors,

slides. Etc

General Objective 2: Be able to use the theory of logarithm in the manipulation of scientific expressions

General revision on logarithm and

the laws of logarithm

Lecture Classroom

resources

Read the logarithmic tables

for given numbers. Simplify

numerical expressions using

log table

Workshop Blackboard chalk

textbooks four figure

tables

Applying logarithms in solving non

linear equations

Lecture and give assignment Read the logarithm table for

given numbers. Apply

logarithms in solving non

linear equations

Workshop Blackboard chalk

textbooks four figure

tables, Scientific

calculators

General Objective 3: Be able to apply quadratic equations in scientific situations

5-6

Briefly revise topics on quadratic

and simultaneously equations

Solve quadratic equation suing

different methods. Completing the

square, factorisation and formula

Classroom

resources

Recall the use of different

methods of solving quadratic

equation.

Workshop Board chalk standard

texts and projector and

slides

7-8

Apply algebraic and graphical

methods in solving two

simultaneous quadratic equations

Lecture give assignment Apply the method in solving

some scientific problems

Workshop Graph sheet pencil,

projector, slides and

calculators

pply algebraic an graphical method

in solving two simultaneous

equation

Lecture and give assignment Apply the method in solving

some scientific problem

Workshop Graph sheet pencil,

projector, slides and

calculators

General Objective 4: Understand the algebraic operations of matrices and determinants as well as solve simultaneous linear equation by the

method of matrices

Explanation of matrix and definition

of some special matrices

Give Lectures Give examples of

each of the special matrices-zero,

identity, square, triangular

symmetric matrix etc

Classroom

resources

Be able to identity special

matrices

Workshop.

1. State the laws of addition and

multiplication of matrices

2. explain the method of evaluating

determinants

Applying determinants of order 2

and 3 in solving simultaneous

linear equations

Apply determinants of order 2

and 3 in solving simultaneous

linear equations

Workshop

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources

State and explain some theorems in

the matrix

State five examples each of the

theorems stated.

Should be able to understand

the theorems stated and apply

it to some physical problems

Workshop Projector, calculator,

chalk board, slides

General Objective 5: Be able to use binomial theorem in the expansion of scientific expressions and in approximations

1. State binomial theorem for a

positive integral index

Lecture apply the binomial

theorem in the expansion of

expression such as (X + Y)2, (X2 -

1/X2) etc.

Classroom

resources

1. Expand expression in the form (1

+ x)-1, (1-x) ½ , (1 - x)- ½

Lecture apply the binomial

theorem in the expansion of some

scientific expression

Classroom

resources

Apply binomial theorem in the

expansion of some scientific

expressions

Workshop

Expand and approximate

expressions of the type (1.001)n,

(0.998)n, (1+x) ½ , (1-x) 1/3 to a

state degree of accrued

Lecture Apply to scientific situations Workshop

Assessment:

Coursework 40%; Attendance 10%; Examination 50%

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Engineering Mathematics by Stroud

Course: Electronic Logic for Science

Department/Programme: National Diploma

Course: Electronic Logic for Science Course Code: STP 114 Credit Hours:

Year: 1st Semester: 1st Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

hours/week 1 hours

hours /week 1 hours

General Objective

1. Understand binary, hexadecimal arithmetic and the coding scheme

2. Know the fundamentals of Boolean algebra

3. Know the basic logic gates and understand their operation and applications

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 1: Understand binary, octal, hexadecimal arithmetic and coding scheme

1-2

Conversion of binary to

decimal and decimal to

binary

Explain the conversion from binary

to decimal and decimal to binary

numbers. Solve many examples

and give assignments

Classroom

resources

Explain coding scheme Explain binary bits, bytes, nibbles,

word, Binary coded decimal (BCD)

General Objective 2: Know the fundamentals of Boolean algebra

3-4

State and explain the basic

Boolean postulates

State an explain the commutative

law, associative law,

distributive law,

identity law

negative law,

De Morgen's theorem etc.

Classroom

resources

5-6

Define truth table. Construct

truth table for up to four (4)

variables.

Define truth table and construct

truth table for up to four variables.

Give assignment

7-8

Define karnaugh map (K-

map). Construct a k-map for

2,3,4 variable.

Explain K-map and construct K-

map for 2,3,4 variable. Give

assignments

9 Minimise a logic expression

using a K-map

Minimize logic expression using

Objective 3: Understand the operation of basic logic gates and understand their applications

10-11

List the basic logic function

and explain with the aid of

symbols and truth tables the

functions of the logic gates

List the basic logic functions OR,

AND, NOT, NOR, NAND, EX-OR

etc and explain with the aid of

symbols and truth tables the

functions of the gates

Classroom

resources

Construct circuits using

electrical switches to

illustrate OR and AND

gates

Guide students on how to

construct circuit using

electrical switches to illustrate

how the OR and AND gates

operate

Electrical switches,

source of e.m.f, wire

connectors, electric

bulbs

Describe the construction of

the AND and OR gates

using diodes.

Explain with the aid of circuit

diagrams how the AND and OR

how the AND and OR gates can be

constructed using diodes

Demonstrate how

diodes can be used

implement the

functions Y=AB,

Y=A+B

Guide students on how to use

AND, OR making use of

diodes to implement the

functions Y=AB, Y=A+B

Diodes, resistors,

sources of e.m.f

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

Conversion of a Boolean

expression to logic diagram

Explain the conversion of Boolean

expressions to logic diagrams.

Demonstrate the

conversion of Boolean

expression to logic

diagram

Use the logic modules to

illustrate the conversion.

Logic modules

Conversion of truth table to

Boolean expression

Explain the conversion of a truth

table to a Boolean expression

Demonstrate the

conversion of a truth

table to a Boolean

expression.

Demonstrate using logic

modules

Logic modules

Conversion of a logic

diagram to a truth table.

Explain conversion of a logic

diagram to a truth table.

Demonstrate the

conversion of a logic

diagram to a truth table

Demonstrate using logic

modules

Logic modules

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:

Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Course test 20 %; Practical 30 %; Examination 40 %

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Principles of Electronics by T. Duncan

Course: Technical English

Department/Programme: National Diploma

Course: Technical English Course Code: STC 113 Credit Hours:

Year: 1 Semester: 1 Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

1 hours/week

1 hours /week

General Objectives

At the end of this course students should be able to:

1. Write lab reports in scientific subjects by using good English and appropriate layouts (formats)

2. Engage in professional correspondence

3. Write a full report on a scientific investigation in an accepted format

4. Construct a poster on a scientific topic

5. Deliver a short lecture on a scientific topic

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 1: Write lab reports in scientific subjects by using good English and appropriate layouts (formats)

1 - 3

1.1 Students understand how

to write in good English

1.2 Students know and are

able to use: full stops, capital

letters, commas and

apostrophes.

1.3 Students understand that

lab reports conform to specific

formats

1.4 Students know how to

vary the formats for the

different subjects and

experiments

Give examples of good and bad

English. Give examples of good

reports for chemistry (organic

and physical), physics and

biology laboratory practicals

Classroom

resources

Students write a 2 page

article on a scientific topic in

the style of a newspaper

article for a general

audience.

Students write three good lab

reports for: chemistry,

physics, and biology labs

Provide suitable

laboratory data and set

assignment

Workshop resources

(writing and library

resources)

General Objective 2: Engage in professional correspondence

4 - 5

2.1 Students understand how

to write to scientists to request

information

2.2 Students know the rules

and etiquette for engaging in a

short exchange of letters with

another scientist discussing a

scientific topic

Explain rules of letter writing

and professional letter writing

and Give examples

Classroom

resources

Students are able to write to

scientists to request

information and to engage in

scientific correspondence

Provide suitable

assignments and pair

up students for

correspondence

Workshop resources

(writing and library

resources)

General Objective 3: Write a full report on a scientific investigation in an accepted format

6 - 7

3.1 Students understand the

rules for writing a full scientific

report.

Explains accepted format(s) for

scientific reports. Explain free

standing abstract, introduction,

methods, results, discussion,

and references

Classroom

resources

Students can write a full

report on a scientific topic

Provides data and sets

individual assignments

Workshop resources

General Objective 4: Construct a poster on a scientific topic

8 - 10

4.1 Understand how to

construct a poster

Explain rules and Give

examples

Classroom

resources and

posters

Students construct a poster

on a scientific topic

Help students choose

topics and supervise

construction

Stationary for

posters and

workshop resources

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 5: Deliver a short lecture on a scientific topic

11 - 15

5.1 Understand how to

prepare a lecture and speak in

public

Provides advice Classroom

resources

5.2 Students give a two

minute lecture on a scientific

topic

5.3 Students give a fifteen

minute lecture on a scientific

topic

Help students select

topics and prepare and

give lectures

Workshop

resources,

preferably using

overhead projector

and/or PowerPoint

Assessment: Coursework/Assignments 70 % , Examination 30%

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Communicating Chemistry published by The Royal Society of Chemistry (UK)

The Complete Plain Words by Sir Ernest Gowers published by HMSO (UK)

Course: GLT, Module (ii) Safety in the laboratory, and Module (i) Care and maintenance of

laboratory ware and equipment

Department/Programme: ND Science

Course: GLT, Module (ii) Safety in the laboratory, and Module (i) Care and maintenance of laboratory

ware and equipment

Course Code: GLT

111

Credit

Hours:

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

1 hours/week

1 hours

/week

General Objectives

1. Know the common laboratory hazards

2. Understand the basic safety rules in the laboratory

3. Understand Radiation

4. Know the use of laboratory ware and simple lab. equipment

5. Understand the calibration of glass ware

6. Know the various uses of glass ware in the laboratory

7. Know the maintenance of laboratory balances

8. Understand the principles application and maintenance of microscope

9. Know the maintenance of heating apparatus in the laboratory

10. Know the maintenance of cooling equipment in the laboratory

11. Know the maintenance of temperature measurement equipment

12. Understand microtomy and the maintenance of microtomy tools

13. Know basic electrical appliances

14. Understand the care and maintenance of audio-visual equipment

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s

Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific

Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's

activities

Resources

General Objective 1: Know the common laboratory hazards

1.1 List different types of laboratory

hazards: Electrical, chemical, fire,

biological, mechanical etc.

1.2 Describe the nature and causes

of the hazards in 1.1 above.

1.3 List examples of each of the

types of hazards in 1.1 above.

Use question and answer

techniques.

Illustrate with examples.

Use question and answer

techniques.

Class room resources

General Objective 2: Understand the basic safety rules in the laboratory

2.1 List basic laboratory safety rules.

2.2 Display charts showing safety

symbols and rules.

2.3 Interpret the symbols in 2.2

above.

2.4 Know the procedure for treating

acid burns in the laboratory.

2.5 Examine the procedure of

treating cases of inhalation or

swallowing of toxic gases and

liquids in the laboratory.

2.6 Classify fires.

2.7 Extinguish various types of fires

using extinguishers.

2.8 Practice the procedure of

treating burns from naked fire in the

laboratory.

2.9 List possible sources of

microbial contamination of

laboratory workers.

2.10 Describe procedures to be

adopted in the prevention of

microbial contamination in the

laboratory.

2.11 Describe first aid measures to

be taken in case of microbial

contamination in the laboratory.

Demonstrate application

Fix permanently in the

laboratories.

Use practical illustrations.

Demonstrate how to flush water

on the area affected.

To illustrate how to use first aid in

severe cases.

Use colour coding on fire

extinguishers to show different

areas of application.

Demonstrate how to extinguish

different types of fires.

Use the facilities in first aid box to

demonstrate treatment.

Use question and answer.

Illustrate by use of hand gloves.

Lecture with examples of actions

to be taken.

Laboratory safety wears

and gears.

Fire extinguishers.

Tap water.

First Aid Box

Fire extinguisher

Fire blanket

Extinguishers sources of

fire controlled.

First Aid Box.

Hand gloves specimen

preparation kit.

See Column

This material is best

presented as a

workshop

i.e. a mixture of

lecture and

laboratory

demonstration.

laboratory

containing

blackboard and

other resources for

lecturing.

Other materials

are given in

column 3.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s

Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific

Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's

activities

Resources

General Objective 2: Understand the basic safety rules in the laboratory

2.12 Describe the procedure for

treating electric shock in the

laboratory.

2.13 Describe the precaution

against electric shock in the

laboratory.

2.14 List the content of the first aid

box in the laboratory.

2.15 Describe and practice how to

treat cuts and other minor injuries in

the laboratory.

2.16 Describe and apply various

methods of artificial respiration for

the injured in the laboratory e.g.

mouth to mouths cardiac

compression

Illustrate use of an insulator to

remove victim from the electric

source and use of first aid.

Refer to safety regulation first aid.

Use question and answer format.

Use the facilities in the first aid

box to demonstrate the treatment

of injuries.

Use students to demonstrate

among themselves.

Pieces of dry wood or

plastic first aid box.

See Column

See comments

under teacher

activities for

objective 2

See comments

under Resources

for objective 2

General Objective 3: Understand Radiation

3.1 Define Radiation

3.2 List and describe types of

radiation e.g. x-ray, gamma ray etc.

3.3 Enumerate various types of

radioactive sources e.g. uranium,

thorium.

3.4 Explain and identify sealed and

unsealed radioactive sources.

3.5 Define basic radiation terms

such as radiation absorbed dose

maximum permissible level etc.

Use examples

Use question and answer

Show some practical examples.

Illustrate with examples.

Sealed Radioactive source

Unsealed radioactive

sources.

See Column

See comments

under teacher

activities for

objective 2

See comments

under Resources

for objective 2

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s

Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific

Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's

activities

Resources

General Objective 4: Know the use of laboratory wares and simple lab. equipment

4.1 Identify the different types of

laboratory glass wares e.g. beakers

test tube, funnels, flask etc.

4.2 State the uses of different

laboratory wares in 4.1

4.3 Identify different types of fittings

in the laboratory e.g. water, gas,

light etc.

4.4 Identify the different types of

grease and their application on

joints.

4.5 Prepare cleaning reagents for

laboratory wares.

4.6 Clean laboratory wares using

cleansing agents.

4.7 Explain the uses of parcel on

sintered glass, nickel and platinum.

4.8 Store laboratory wares.

4.9 Maintain laboratory wares.

Involve students in practical

identification.

Lecture

Practical identification and

sketch/illustration in the laboratory

Laboratory identification

Gets students involved in the

preparation and use of cleansing

agents.

Teacher to demonstrate cleaning

of sintered glass ware using

chromic water and organic

advents.

Lecture

Teacher and students to make a

study talk of the departmental

store, students to write an outline

of their observation for teacher to

assess.

Beakers, burette, pipette,

test tube etc.

Water fittings, gas fittings,

light fittings

Grease, kipps apparatus

condensers

Containers,

H2 SO4, alcohol etc.

Used or dirty sintered glass

wares; cleansing agents,

running tap water, washing

bowls and detergents.

See Column

See comments

under teacher

activities for

objective 2

See comments

under Resources

for objective 2

General Objective 5: Understand the calibration of glass wares

5.1 Define calibration

5.2 Distinguish between calibration

and graduation.

5.3 Explain the effect of heat on

calibration of laboratory glass wares.

5.4 Record fluid levels of calibrated

glass wares e.g. water level,

mercury level.

5.5 Graduate simple laboratory

glass wares using standards

volumes.

Lecture

Practical; calibration of burettes,

pipette and standard flask

Teacher clamps two burette

upright fills one with water

another with mercury ask each

student to read levels and record.

Lecture

Demonstration

Show students how to graduate

simple laboratory glass ware e.g.

using the test tube.

Sensitive balance, chromic

acid still water weighing

containers, thermometers

etc.

Water and mercury

returned steels, burettes.

Test tubes, clamps making

pencils water etc.

See Column

See comments

under teacher

activities for

objective 2

See comments

under Resources

for objective 2

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s

Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific

Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's

activities

Resources

General Objective 6: Know the various uses of glass ware in the laboratory

6.1 Identify types of glass wares

suitable for storage in the laboratory

6.2 Describe and identify types of

glass wares suitable as containers

e.g. for storage of photo-sensitive

reagents and some acids.

6.3 Identify other laboratory storage

containers e.g. plastics and

ceramics.

6.4 State the precautions necessary

in the storage of chemicals e.g.

Hydrofluoric acid in plastic

containers, sodium metal in paraffin

and silver nitrate in amber

containers

Lecture

Involve students in practical

identification

Lecture

Reagent bottle, amber,

glass containers, plastics,

ceramics.

See Column

See comments

under teacher

activities for

objective 2

See comments

under Resources

for objective 2

General Objective 7: Know the maintenance of laboratory balances

7.1 Explain the working principles of

the laboratory balance.

7.2 Identify the various types of

balance in use in the laboratory.

7.3 Distinguish between accuracy

and prevision of a balance.

7.4 Determine the sensitivity of a

balance.

7.5 Differentiate between analytical

and top loading balances.

7.6 Learn how to use operation

manuals of balances.

7.7 Describe the effect of shock,

temperature, chemicals on the

operation of balances.

7.8 Re-calibration of balance using

(i) Luternal weight

(ii) Recalibration weight

7.9 Identify substances using

Lecture

Get students involved in practical

identification of balances.

Make students use different

balance to take weight of different

objects.

Lecture and illustration.

Lecture

Involve students in the calibration

of balances.

Demonstrate cleaning of

balances.

Allow students to participate

under strict supervision.

Balances

Analytical balance

Top loading balance,

operation manuals.

Top loading balance,

Analytical balance,

Standard masses

See Column

See comments

under teacher

activities for

objective 2

See comments

under Resources

for objective 2

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s

Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific

Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's

activities

Resources

various balances.

7.10 Check balances to know when

they require servicing e.g. using

standard masses.

7.11 Install and test-run a balance.

7.12 Carry out minor adjustment,

repairs or replacement of parts on a

balance.

General Objective 8: Understand the principles application and maintenance of microscope

8.1 Identify a simple microscope and

its parts.

8.2 List the various types of

microscope in use in the laboratory.

8.3 Describe the use of various

microscope in 8.2 above.

8.4 State the ranges of

magnification of microscope.

8.5 Outline the principles of

operation of various types of

microscope.

8.6 Describe and apply the various

procedure in the routine

maintenance and minor of

microscope.

Draw and label the compound

light microscope on the lower

table functions of parts for

students.

Assemble various types of

microscope e.g. Daylight, light,

stereo, projector, phase contrast

etc.

Student to draw label and indicate

function.

Lecture

Clean optical parts lens time

Use Xy lens sparingly where

necessary

Clean body with chamois cloth

Lubricate moving parts.

Simple microscope

compound microscopes

Dark-field microscope etc.

Different types of

microscope. Dirty

microscope lens tissue

Chamois leather Xy lens

Lubricating oil.

See Column

See comments

under teacher

activities for

objective 2

See comments

under Resources

for objective 2

General Objective 9: Know the maintenance of heating apparatus in the laboratory

9.1 Identify the various heating

apparatus like burners, hot plates,

autoclave etc.

9.2 Describe the application of each

type in 9.1 above.

9.3 Heat water and other liquids,

powder etc. using Bunsen burner,

hot plates etc.

9.4 Sterilize various objects using

Practical

Display burners, heating mantles,

water oil and sand baths heating

oils.

Explain principle and use

Demonstrate use with any 2

above.

Lecture and demonstration as

above.

Burners, hot plate,

autoclave, oven etc.

Water bath heating mantle

gas supply etc.

Portable autoclave oven.

See Column

See comments

under teacher

activities for

objective 2

See comments

under Resources

for objective 2

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s

Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific

Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's

activities

Resources

autoclave.

9.5 Heat and dry various objects

using oven.

9.6 Describe and apply the various

procedures in the routine

maintenance and minor repairs of

autoclave, oven and other laboratory

heating apparatus.

Use portable autoclave and oven

to sterilize some wasted glan

wares.

Student to note and submit a

description of the demonstration

exercise.

Calibrate an autoclave.

General Objective 10: Know the maintenance of cooling equipment in the laboratory

10.1 Identify apparatus for cooling

e.g. refrigerator, freeze drier, water

circulators, ice making machine etc.

10.2 Explain the principle of

freezing.

10.3 Explain the different application

of cooling system in 10.1 above

10.4 Identify the various parts of the

apparatus in 10.1 above.

10.5 Describe and apply the

procedure for the routine

maintenance and minor repair of the

apparatus in 10.1 above.

Laboratory identification of

apparatus.

Lecture

Ensure that each student get

access to the apparatus lighted in

10.1 above.

Refrigerator

Freeze drier ice making

machine etc.

See Column

See comments

under teacher

activities for

objective 2

See comments

under Resources

for objective 2

General Objective 11: Know the maintenance of temperature measurement equipment

11.1 Identify apparatus for

temperature measurement e.g.

thermometer, pyrometers,

thermocouples.

11.2 Explain the operating principles

of temperature measuring devices

listed in 11.1 above.

11.3 Distinguish between the

various temperature scales e.g.

Fahrenheit, Kelvin, Celsius etc.

11.4 Measure temperature stating

result in various units listed in 11.3

Get students involved for practical

identification of measuring

equipment on display.

Lecture

Ask students to convert from one

scale to another.

Take temperature of some

liquids/solid substances using the

different types of temperature

measuring equipment and

compare readings.

Thermometer

Thermocouples

pyrometers etc.

Water basin burner

thermometer etc.

See Column

See comments

under teacher

activities for

objective 2

See comments

under Resources

for objective 2

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s

Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific

Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's

activities

Resources

above.

11.5 Describe and apply the

procedure for the routine

maintenance and minor repair of the

apparatus identified in 11.1 above.

General Objective 12: Understand microtomy and the maintenance of microtomy tools

12.1 Identify different types of

microsomes.

12.2 Identify the different parts of

microsomes and explain their

functions.

12.3 Explain the working principles

of microsomes.

12.4 Identify types of knives used in

microsomy.

12.5 Sharpen microtone knives.

12.6 Describe wax embedded

tissue.

12.7 Cut sections

12.8 Identify faults in section cutting

and remedy the faults.

12.9 Explain the care of microtomes

and knives.

Lecture

Practical - Display and explain

different in crotons e.g. rocking,

Rotatory sledge, sliding etc.

Draw and label at least one.

Lecture and illustration

Sharpen microtome knife

Lecture

Practical - prepare an embedment

of plant or animal tissue.

Section the embedded tissue

using one of the microtomes

above.

Lecture

Practical - sharpen and smoothen

blunt microtome knife.

Rocking, microtome

Rotatory sledge, microtome

etc.

Microtome knives.

Sharpening some wax

tissue.

Honing and stropping tools.

See Column

See comments

under teacher

activities for

objective 2

See comments

under Resources

for objective 2

General Objective 13: Know basic electrical appliances

13.1 Explain the following terms.

Alternative correct and direct current

supplies. Low tension and high

tension.

13.2 List one example of the

sources or supply listed in 13.1

above.

13.3 Identify various types of

distribution and connection.

13.4 Identify the standard colour

code.

Lecture

Display Dry cells etc.

Lecture and demonstration

Lecture & practical show colour

coded wires and resistors to

students.

Read resistor values for students.

Assignment.

Lecture and illustrate

Construct with students on boards

Dry cell

Generating set

NEPA

Colour code

Charts

Fuses

Relays

Cut out etc.

S.P.D.T. and D.P.S.T.

switches relays etc.

See Column

See comments

under teacher

activities for

objective 2

See comments

under Resources

for objective 2

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s

Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific

Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's

activities

Resources

13.5 Explain the result of wrong

wiring.

13.6 Identify the different types of

wiring.

13.7 Explain the methods and

importance of proper earning.

13.8 Identify different types of

switches single pull double throw

(SPDT), Double pull single throw

(DPST) control gear, relays, cut outs

etc.

13.9 Identify current types of

protective devices e.g. relays cut

outs fuses etc.

13.10 Draw symbols of electrical

component.

13.11 Apply such symbols in 13.10

above for circuit diagram.

S.P.D.T., D.P.S.T. wirings.

Test (i) with fuse on (ii) without

fuse.

Display charts of electrical

components.

Students to transfer in to their

notices.

Switches, relays, wires,

bulbs, sockets etc.

Symbols chart.

General Objective 14: Understand the care and maintenance of audio-visual equipment

14.1 Describe the methods of

routine maintenance of (i) overhead

projectors (ii) lenses, recording and

playback heads of tape recorders

and compact disc.

14.2 Undertake proper care and

routine maintenance of the items

listed in 14.1 above.

14.3 Mend tapes and films.

Cleaning of lens

Screen, body etc.

Oiling of moving parts

Demonstrate use.

Lecture

Tape recorders compact

disc

camera

films etc.

See Column

See comments

under teacher

activities for

objective 2

See comments

under Resources

for objective 2

Assessment:

Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Practical 40 %; Examination 50 %

Recommended Textbooks & References:

NDI 2ND Semester

Course: Cell Biology

Department/Programme: National Diploma

Course: Cell Biology Course Code: STB 121 Credit Hours:

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

2 hours/week

3 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand the cell of as the basic unit of life

2. Know the composition of the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell

3. Know the different types of cell division and their significance

4. Understand Chemical reactions in a cell

5. Know the different types of specialized cells and their functions

6. Understand the process of photosynthesis

7. Understand the process of respiration

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources

General Objective 1 Understand the cell of as the basic unit of life

1.1 Explain the cell as a unit of Life.

1.2 Describe cell inclusions and

organelles.

1.3 Explain the functions of cell

organelles in 1.2 above.

1.4 Differentiate between

prokaryotic and eucaryotic cells.

1.5 Differentiate between animal

and plant cells.

Lecture with

assignments

involving

interpretation

questions.

Video films,

monographs

Salt solutions

Examine and draw single celled animal

and plants under the microscope;

Amoeba, paramecium, plasmodium,

chlamydomonas, chlorella, spyrohyra.

Supervised

microscopic

examination

Microscopes

1.6 Describe experimentally the

effects of hypertonic, hypotonic and

isotonic solutions on the cell

plasma

Laboratory examination of different cells

and cell inclusions

Observation of effect of hypertonic

isotonic and hypertonic solution on cell

plasma

General Objectives 2 Know the composition of the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell

2.1 Describe the structure and

functions of the components of cell

nucleus.

2.2 Draw the cytoplasm and its

components as revealed by an

electron micrograph.

2.3 Describe the structure and

functions of DNA and RNA.

2.4 Explain the building blocks of

nucleic acid (nucleotides), sugar,

phosphoric acid.

2.5 Describe the biochemical

components of the cytoplasm and

the nucleus.

2.6 Describe the replication of the

DNA molecules and significance of

the replication.

2.7 Explain the role of the RNA in

protein synthesis.

Lecture with

demonstration.

Description of

component of cell

nucleus, structures of

DNA, RNA.

Explanation of

building blocks of

sugar and protein

Electron,

Micrograph

Observe and draw samples of plant and

animal cells from appropriate sources,

under the microscope viz, cheek cells,

blood cells, epidermis of Allium virginiana

leaf.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources

General Objective 3: Know the different types of cell division and their significance

3.1 Explain cell division

3.2 Identify various types of cell

divisions

3.3 Define mitosis

3.4 Describe the stages of mitotic

divisions.

Use questions and

answer techniques.

Give assignments

Explanation of

significance of mitotic

and meiotic divisions

Motion

pictures

charts

Observe and draw different stages of

mitotic shown by root apart and root top of

onion Allium cepa under the microscope.

Demonstration

and lectures

Microscopes

3.5 Define meiosis

3.6 Describe the stages of meiotic

divisions

3.7 Compare and contrast mitotic

and meiotic divisions

Explain the significance of mitotic and

meiotc divisions to plant and animals

Observe and draw different stages of

meiosis under the microscopes

Supervise

microscopic

examinations

Microscopes

General Objective 4: Understand Chemical reactions in a Cell

4.1 Explain the importance of

hydrogen ions concentration (pH),

buffers, crystalloids, colloids

suspension to cell.

4.2 Explain the importance of water

to normal life functioning

4.3 List the chemical substances

(organics and inorganic in the cell e.g.

enzymes of biological importance.

4.4 Explain the role of the following

components in the cell: (a)

carbohydrates (b) lipids (c) Proteins

(d) Ribonucleic acid.

4.5 Describe the chemical structure

of carbohydrates: simple sugar,

monosaccharides, disaccharides,

polysaccharides.

4.6 Describe the basic unit of

proteins its structures and function.

Lectures

Give assignments

Explaining the role of

the various

components

Charts and

standard

texts.

Investigate effects of different pH values

on solubility of proteins

Measure enzyme activity at different pH

values

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources

4.7 Explain glycerides and fatty

acid, groups as the two major

building blocks of FND

4.8 Explain phospholipids.

4.9 Explain ribonucleic acid (RNA)

and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

4.10 Explain differences and

significance of DNA and RNA in

protein synthesis

Explain the memory

of phospholipids,

RNA and DNA and

their differences

Extract DNA from split peas or any other

plant or animal source

Alcohol, peas, meat

tenderiser, blender

General Objective 5: Know the different types of specialized cells and their functions

5.1 List various types of cells e.g.

meristematic cells,

parenchymations,

schlerenchymations, collenchyma,

bone marrows, blood and bone

cells, etc.

5.2 Define a tissue.

5.3 Describe the structure and

composition of the following tissue:-

brain, bone, blood, etc and vascular

bundles in plants.

5.4 List the functions of the various

tissues describes above.

Prepare and examine slides of plants and

animals tissue under the microscope

Identify the location of the above cells in

the body.

General Objective 6: Understand the process of photosynthesis

6.1 1. Explain with relevant

equations, the process of

photosynthesis

6.2 Describe the structure of the

chloroplast.

6.3 Explain the importance of the

stoma and gramma in chloroplast.

6.4 Describe the light and dark

stages of photosynthesis.

6.5 List the products of

photosynthesis.

6.6 List and explain the factors

Separate pigments using

chromatographic methods

Show that plans will grow in an

atmosphere that has been depleted of

oxygen

propanone

cut leaves

chromatography

paper

Bell jar

plants, lights

candle

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources

affecting photosynthesis.

6.7 Describe starch formation

during photosynthesis.

6.8 Explain the importance of

carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.

6.9 Describe the structure and role

of chlorophyll in photosynthesis.

6.10 Explain the role of oxygen and

light photosynthesis

General Objectives: 7 Understand the process of Respiration

7.1 Explain the process of

respiration with relevant equation.

7.2 List the differences between

aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

7.3 Describe the process of

Glycolysis.

7.4 Explain the net ATP produced

during glycolysis.

7.5 Explain the process of Krebs

citric acid cycle

7.6 List the net ATP produced

during Krebs CYCLE

7.7 Compare the ATP produced in

Glycolysis with the produced in

Kreb's cycle.

7.8 Explain the role of the

mitochondrion in respiration.

7.9 Compare tissue respiration with

fermentation.

7.10 List and explain the factors

affecting respiration

Classroom

Lectures

Show experimentally that germinating

seeds producing heat.

Show experimentally that carbon dioxide

is produced by green plants during

respiration

Lime water

respirometer seeds

and green plants

General Objectives 8 Understand the process of Transpiration

8.1 Define transpiration in plants.

8.2 List the different types of

transpiration in plants.

8.3 Differentiate between

Measure rate of transpiration in plants by

using a photometer

Photometer green

plants

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources

transpiration and guttation

8.4 Explain the mechanism of

stomatal movement in plants

8.5 Explain the importance of

transpiration to plants.

List and explain the factors

affecting transpiration in plants

General Objectives 9 Understand the process of translocation in plants

9.1 Explain the process of

translocation in plants.

9.2 List evidences to support

translocation through the phloem.

9.3 Draw the structure of the

phloem in relation to translocation.

9.4 Explain the mechanism of

translocation in relation to the

cytoplasmic streaming, pressure

mass flow theory and active

transport.

List and explain the factors

affecting translocation.

Investigate translocation by using dyes

General Objectives 10 Know the process of ion absorption in plants

10.1 List the ions that are important

to plant.

10.2 Explain the mechanism of ion

absorption in plants

10.3 List and explain the factors

affecting ion absorption plants.

Grow plants in the presence and absence

of essential ions

General Objectives 11 Know the process of water absorption in plants

11.1 Explain diagrammatically the

path of water movement from the

root hairs to the endodermis.

Explain various theories to support

water movement up to the leaf e.g.

root pressure and transpirational

pull

Collect classify and preserve selected

examples of Algae(e.g. Spirogyra), Fungi

(Mucor & Pythium), Mosses (e.g. Funaria)

& Ferns (e.g. Pteris spp, Dryopteris etc

Food, farmland,

Culture, Botanical

garden etc

microscope

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources

General Objectives 12 Understand the process of growth

12.1 Define growth.

12.2 Explain the growth regions

and phases of growth

12.3 List the parameters used to

assess growth e.g. dry weight,

fresh weight, leaf area etc.

List and explain the factors

affecting growth.

Continue above activity Food, farmland,

Culture, Botanical

garden etc

microscope

General Objectives 13 Understand movement in plants

13.1 Define movement.

13.2 List the two main types of

movements in plants, locomotion

and that of curvature.

13.3 Explain the various kinds of

movements e.g. Tropism, Taxism

etc.

13.4 List and explain the conditions

necessary for movements in plants.

13.5 Explain experimentally,

phototropism, geotropism,

hydrotropism, chemo tropism, and

thermo tropism in plants.

13.6 Explain auxins and the role in

plant movement.

Collect, classify and Preserve selected

samples of Crymnosperms (e.g. Cylas

revolute), monocotyledoras (e.g. Guinea

grass, maize, palms etc) and

Dicotyledons (e.g. Hibiscus, crotolaria,

citrus, triad, mangoes, cashews etc).

Assessment:

Coursework/Assignments 10%; Practical 40 %; Examination 50%

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Biology: A Functional Approach, by Michael Roberts, Nelson Thornes (Publishers) Ltd

Course: Organic Chemistry I

Department/Programme: National Diploma

Course: Organic Chemistry I Course Code: STC 121 Credit Hours:

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

2 hours/week

3 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand the classification of organic compounds

2. Understand bonding: reactions and application of aliphatic hydrocarbons

3. Know the: chemical properties, preparations and uses of monosubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbons

4. Understand the general methods of petroleum refining

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 1: Understand the classification organic compounds

1.1 List the major classification of

organic compounds by functional

groups.

1.2 Define homologous series as

consisting of compounds with each

successive member differing with -

CH2 -

1.3 State the members of a

homologous series and their

physical properties.

1.4 Define the functional group.

1.5 Identify functional groups in

alkanols, alkanals, alkanones,

armines, alkanoic, acids, phenols,

nitriles ethers, esters, amides etc.

1.6 Draw structures for the

functional groups in 1.5 above.

1.7 Understand that Infra Red

spectroscopy is used to identify

functional groups in an organic

compound. To which end:

1.1. Explain the properties of light,

including frequency, wavelength

and energy

1.2. Discuss the electromagnetic

spectrum

1.3. Relate the energy associated

with the IR region of the

electromagnetic spectrum to

molecular streching, vibrations and

rotation.

1.4. Relate the energy of absorption

to the different functional groups.

1.5. Give the students tables of

characteristic streching frequencies.

Lectures Classroom

resources

Determine qualitatively the elements

present in an organic compound.

Identify functional groups in organic

compounds via qualitative chemical

tests (reactions)

Guide and supervise

students

Chemicals test tubes

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 2: Understand Bonding: Reactions and Application of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

2.1 Explain the bonding in carbon

atom as Sp3 hybridized in alkane.

2.2 State the general formula,

CnH2n+2 to represent alkanes

2.3 Name alkanes by using the

IUPAC nomenclature

2.4 List the industrial uses of

alkanes.

2.5 List natural sources of alkanes

2.6 State the general formula,

CnH2n to represent alkenes

2.7 Explain the bonding in carbon

atom as Sp2 hybridized in alkene

Lectures Classroom

resources

Use IR specroscopy to identify

functional groups in unknown organic

compounds and to identify organic

compounds from a list of possibilities.

Teacher guides and

supervises students in

the laboratory

Glassware

Chemicals

(bromine or bromine water,

cyclohexene, or similar

Solvents

2.8 Explain the existence of cis-

trans isomerism in alkenes.

2.9 Draw cis-trans isomeric

structures as in butene.

2.10 Use IUPAC nomenclature to

name alkenes

2.11 Represent the addition

reactions of simple alkenes by

means of chemical equation e.g.

with Br2 HBr and H2.

2.12 Undrestand the use of curly

arrows to represent reaction

mechanisms

2.13 Use curly arrows to show the

mechanism of the above addition

reactions of alkenes

2.14 Explain the use of alkenes in

the production of polymers e.g.

PVC, polyethene polystyrene etc

Lectures

Blackboard

Chalk

duster

Blackboard

Chalk

duster

prepare polystyrene from stryrene in

the laboratory

Teacher guides and

supervises students in

the laboratory

styrene dodecanoyl peroide

toluene, balance, source of

hot water

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

2.15 Explain that the carbon in

alkynes is Sp hybridized.

2.16 Represent the addition reaction

of alkynes by means of simple

equation e.g. reaction with H2. Br2

and HBr..

2.17 Describe chemical tests for the

unsaturation in alkenes and

alkynes.

2.18 Describe the industrial uses of

alkynes e.g. production of

oxyacetylene flame, production of

vinyl chloride in the production of

polymers.

Purify an organic compound by

recrystallisation

Acetanilide

may be made impur by

adding small amounts of

Bismark brown and it

recrystallises well from

water.

General Objective 3: Know the chemical properties preparations and uses of monosubstituted aliphatic

3.1 State the functional group of

alkanol as - OH

3.2 State the general formula of

alkanols as ROH.

3.3 Apply the IUPAC system in

naming monohydric alkanols.

3.4 Illustrate isomerism (including

enantiomers) in monohydric

alkanols.

3.5 Outline the methods of

preparation of monohydric alkanols.

3.6 Describe the physical properties

of alkanols

3.7 Describe each of the following

reactions of monohydric alkanol:

esterification; dehydration;

oxidation; and alkoxide formation

Lectures Blackboard

Chalk

duster

Either :Carry out the experimental

dehydration of cyclohexanol (or

similar) by using concentrated

sulphuric acid and heat.

Or: Carry out hydration of

cyclohexene or similar by using dilute

sulphuric acid

Supervise, guide

students and explain

reactions

Cyclohexanol, or alcohol,

sulphuric acid, source of

heating,

Cyclohexanol, or alcohol,

sulphuric acid, source of

heating,

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

3.8 Use curly arrows to show the

mechanism of dehydration and

reaction of an alcohol with an acyl

chloride.

3.9 Specify the conditions for the

reactions in 3.7 above.

3.10 Explain that alkanol could be

mono or polyhydric.

3.11 Classify alkanols as 1o, 2o and

3o alkanols.

3.12 State the general formular for

the 1o, 2o and 3o alkanols with

examples

3.13 Differentiate between the

product of oxidation of 1o, 2o and 3o

alkanols.

3.14 Describe the

manufacture/industrial preparation

of some common alkanols e.g

methanol, ethanol.

3.15 Describe the industrial uses of

alkanols.

Lectures Blackboard

Chalk

duster

Purify isopropanol by distillation (use

a heating mantle)

and identify the product by its boiling

point

3.16 Relate Haloalkanes to alkanes

structurally.

3.17 Classify given haloalkanes as

mono or polysubstituted.

3.18 Name haloalkanes IUPAC.

3.19 Outline methods of preparation

of haloalkanes.

3.20 State the physical properties of

haloalkanes.

3.21 Describe the reactions of

haloalkanes with aqueous alkali,

alcoholic KCN, alcoholic ammonia

and magnesium metal.

3.22 Use curly arrows to show the

mechanisms of the SN2 reaction

Lectrure Prepare n-octane from 1-

bromooctane via the Grignard

reaction.

Purify the product (octane) by

distillation (use a heating mantle) and

identify the product by its boiling point

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

between a haloalkane and

hydroxide ion.

3.23 State equations for the

reactions in 3.21 above.

3.24 List examples of the uses of

haloalkanes in the synthesis of

organometallics such as Grignard

reagent and Reformatski reagent

Aldehydes

3.25 State the functional group in

aldehyde as - CHO.

3.26 State the general formula of

aldehydes as RCHO.

3.27 Write the structures for simple

aldehyde such as methanal,

ethanal, propanal

3.28 Describe the preparation of

aldehyde by oxidation of alkanols.

3.29 Describe the following

reactions of aldehyde - Nucleophilic

addition, oxidation, reduction

3.30 Write the mechanism of

Nucleophilic addition reactions in

aldehyde.

3.31 Write equation for each of the

other reactions specified in 3.29

above.

3.32 Describe the uses of some

common aldehyde

Lectures Blackboard

Chalk

duster

Identify two unknown aldehydes by

synthesising dinitrophenylhydrazone

derivatives, purify by recrystallisation

and obtaining melting point

Ketones.

3.33 Write structural formula of

Ketones e.g. propanone butanone

etc.

3.34 Outline the methods of

preparation of Ketones e.g.

oxidation of 2o alcohols.

3.35 Describe the following

Lectures Blackboard

Chalk

duster

Distinguish between aldehydes and

ketones by using chemical reactions

and identify the ketone via formation

of the hydrazone as above

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

reactions of alkanones:

Condensation, oxidation and

nucleophilic addition.

3.36 Describe the industrial uses of

alkanones e.g. as solvents.

Carboxylic Acids

3.37 Write the functional group of

carboxylic acids as- COOH.

3.38 Write the general formula for

saturated alkanoic acids as

CnH2nCOOH or RCOOH and give

examples.

3.39 Describe structures for

carboxyl functional groups.

3.40 Compare the acidity of

carboxylic acids with other acids.

3.41 Describe methods of

preparation of alkanoic acids.

3.42 Select suitable reagents and

conditions for the oxidation of an

alkanol to alkanoic acid from a list of

possible alternatives.

3.43 Describe the industrial

preparation of ethanoic acid by the

catalytic air oxidation of

acetaldehyde (ethanal).

Lectures Blackboard

Chalk

duster

Separate an organic acid from a

mixture of an orgaic acid and a

neutral organic compound. Extract the

acid into alkali, acidify and extract into

organic solvent.

Recrystallise and identify the acid by

its melting point.

3.44 Write equations for the

conversion of alkanoic acid to ester.

3.45 State conditions for the

reactions in 3.47 above.

3.46 Describe other reactions of

alkanoic acid such as neutralization,

reduction, halogenation, amide

formation.

3.47 Write equation for each of the

reactions in 3.49 above.

3.48 Use curly arrows to show the

Carry out an acid base reaction

between an organic acid and an

organic base (in solvennt) to give an

ammonium carboxylate salt.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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activities

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acid-base reaction.

3.49 Describe important industrial

uses of some alkanoic acids.

12-13

Esters

3.46 write the functional group of

esters as COOR.

3.47 Write the general formula of

esters as RCOOR and give

examples.

3.48 Name esters using the IUPAC

system.

3.49 Describe the preparation of

ester by the reaction of alkanols

with alkanoic acids. and with

alkanoyl chlorides

3.50 Describe with equations the

effect of each of the following

reagents on esters; mineral acids,

caustic alkali, ammonia, L1 ALH4

3.51 Write the equation for

saponification reaction

3.52 Use curly arrow notation to

show the mechanism of the

saponification of esters

3.53 Describe the important uses of

esters

3.54 Explain that oils, fat, waxes

and some lipids are esters.

Lectures Blackboard

Chalk

duster

Preparation of salicylaic acid from oil

of wintergreen

Guide stiudents methyl salicylate sodium

hydroxide

water bath, bunsen etc

General Objective: 4 Understand general methods of petroleum refining

14-15

Petroleum Refining

4.1 Outline the origin of petroleum

4.2 State the types of crude oil in

terms of specific gravity or nature of

hydrocarbon present.

4.3 Outline the constituents of crude

oil.

4.4 Describe following refining

Lectures Classroom

resources

measure the specific gravity of a

range of alkanes, alcohols, and oil

products such as motor oil, diesel and

petrol and relate results to structures.

Guide and supervise

students.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

processes:-

a) Separation processes:

(i) Fractional distillation

(ii) Vacuum distillation

(iii) Solvent extraction

(iv) Absorption

b) Conversion processes:

(i) hydrotreating

(ii) catalytic refining

(iii) catalytic cracking

4.5 List the products obtained from

primary distillation of crude oil. Gas

fraction, naphtha fraction, kerosene

fraction, light gas, oil heavy gas oil

residue.

Lectures Blackboard

Chalk

duster

Cracking Alkanes Supervise and guide

students in the

laboratory and explain

safety requirements and

what is happening in the

experiment

Catalyst (Al2O3, or broken

unglazed porcelain or

pumice or zeolite) higher

alkanes (Vaseline etc) test

tubes, rubber bungs,

Bunsen burner

Assessment:

Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Practical 40% Examination 50%

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Organic Chemistry by McMurray. 6th edition. Thompson/Brooks-Cole.

Classic Chemistry Experiments published by The Royal Society of Chemistry (UK) and free on the internet at

http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/classic_exp.htm

Salters Advanced Chemistry Activities and Assessment Pack published by Heinemann

Chemistry by M.J. Sienko and R.A. Plane (Mc Graw Hill)

Chemistry (The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change) by M.S. Silberberg published by Mc Graw Hill

Small scale synthesis by M.Zanger and J.R.McKee published by Wm.C.Brown

Course: Physical Chemistry

Department/ Programme: National Diploma

Subject/Course: Physical Chemistry Course Code: STC 122 Credit Hours:

Year: ND I Semester: 2 Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

2 hours/week

3 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand the relationship between energy distribution within a reacting system and the factors which affect rate of reaction

2. Understand basic concepts in electrochemistry.

3. Understand the effect of solutes on the properties of solvents.

4. Understand colligative properties of solutions

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 1: Understand the relationship between energy distribution within a reacting system and the factors which affect rate of

reaction

1. Define reaction rate

2. Average, Instantaneous, and Initial

Rate

3. Explain the effect of the following

factors on the rate of reaction: (a)

temperature, (b) concentration (or

pressure of gas), (d) catalysis

4. Express rate in terms of reactant and

product concentrations

5. Explain order of reaction viz:

first order reactions;

6. second order reactions

7. Explain why the order of reaction is

commonly a whole number such as 0,1

or 2.

Lectures Classroom

resources

measure and plot the effect of

temperature on the reaction

between sodium thiosulphate and

dilute hydrochloric acid.

Guide and supervise

students

(rate is measured by

placing an x on paper

beneath the reaction)

flasks stop-clock

thermometer Bunsen

measuring cylinders

chemicals

8. Explain the rate law and its

components

9. Give the rate law for zero, first and

second order reactions

10. Be able to use the zero, first and

second order rate equations

11. Interpret rate data to obtain order

with respect to one of the reactants.

12. Interpret rate data to obtain rate

constants for reactions

13. Interpret rate data to obtain half life

for first order reactions.

14. Explain integrated rate law

15. Discuss reaction mechanisms and

molecularity

measure and plot the effect of

concentration on the reaction

between sodium thiosulphate and

dilute hydrochloric acid

As above but use different

concentrations of sodium

thiosulphate

16. Discuss the rate determining step

of a reaction mechanism

17. Correlate reaction mechanisms with

the rate law

18. Explain energy of activation

Use the iodine clock method to

find the order of a reaction.

potassium peroxodisulphate

VI, sodium thiosulphate

potassium iodide, test

tubes, burettes,

thermometers etc

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

19. Describe transition states and the

molecular nature of the activated state

20. Explain the characteristics of a

catalyst

21. Explain the theories of

heterogeneous catalyst and that of

continuous formation and

decomposition of unstable intermediate

compounds.

General Objective 2: Understand basic concepts in electrochemistry.

1. Explain Faraday's laws of

electrolysis.

2. Explain Arrhenius theory of

electrolytic dissociation.

3. Distinguish between electrolytic and

metallic conduction.

4. Explain specific and molar

conductivity.

5. Describe the measurement of specific

conductance and equivalent

conductance.

6. Explain conductance.

7. Distinguish between electrolysis and

electrophoresis

Lectures Classroom

resources

Use UV/Vis spectrophotometer to

measure initial rates for the

hydrolysis of a range of

concentrations of nitrophenyl

acetate at pH 8

and determine pseudo first order

rate constant and true rate

constant.

Guide and supervise

students

Nitrophenyl acetate, buffer

solutions, UV spectrometer

glassware etc

8. Describe electrodes and

electrosystem with special reference to

standard hydrogen electrode.

9. Discuss two and three electrode

systems

10. Define electrode potential as the

driving force with which metals lose

electrons from solution containing their

ions.

11. Explain Redox potential

12. Explain Nernst Equation:

Investigate a catalysed reaction

(enzyme catalyst) and determine

the effect of enzyme and

substrate concentrations on the

rate of the reaction.

Part 1 = varying enzyme

concentration

Guide and supervise

students

(rate is measured by

using an inverted

burette to measure

the volume of oxygen

produced.

Catalase (yeast suspension

made from 2g dried yeast in

160 ml water aerated for

several hours)

Burette test tubes etc

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

13. klog

0591.0

EE += o

Where E=Cell Emf, Eo = Standard Emf

, N = number of electrons transferred, K

= equilibrium constant

14. Discuss galvanic systems - theory

and applications

15. Discuss modes of mass transport -

diffusion, migration, convection

16. Discuss the electrical double layer

and its limitations

17. Discuss half-cell reactions

18. Discuss redox reactions

19. Explain the difference between

chemical and electrochemical

reversibility

Part 2 = varying substrate

concentration to obtain the

saturation kinetics curve

General Objective 3: Understand the effect of solutes on the Properties of solvents.

1. Define vapour pressure of liquids.

2. Explain the relative lowering of

vapour pressure of the solvent by the

present of a non-volatile solute.

3. State Raoult's law with the

appropriate equation.

4. Express Raoult's law with the

appropriate equation.

5. Relate the relative lowering of

vapour pressure of dilute solution to the

molecular concentration of the solute.

6. Determine from Raoult's law the

molecular weight of solute given the

pressures of the solvent and solution.

7. Define an ideal solution as one that

obeys Raoult's law over the whole

range of concentration.

Lecture and

give

assignment.

Classroom

Resources.

Construction of an

electrochemical cells,

measurement of resulting emf and

arrangement of metals in order of

reactivity.

Guide and supervise

students.

voltmeter crocodile clips

sodium chloride solution

strips of: zinc, copper, lead,

iron, magnesium,

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

8. Define boiling point of a liquid as the

temperature at which its vapour

pressure equals the atmospheric

pressure.

9. Draw the diagram of vapour

pressure against temperature for pure

solvent and solution.

10. Define the ebulliioscopic constant,

K, as the boiling point elevation

produced if one gram molecule of any

solute were dissolved in 1,000 grams of

solvent.

11. Write an equation relating K to

boiling point elevation ΔT and the

molarity of solution.

12. ΔT = KW where ΔT = boiling point

elevation

W = mass of solute in 1,000g of solvent

and

M = molecular mass of solute

13. Explain the problems involved in

the measurement of boiling point

elevation, viz super heating,

dependence of boiling point on

pressure.

Quantitative Electrolysis: relating

the amount of metal removed

from an electrode to electric

current and time.

Power supply, ammeter

beaker copper cathode

copper anode copperII

sulphate

14. Describe the following methods of

measuring elevation of boiling point.

15. Landsbergers

16. Cottrell's and

17.Beckmann's

18. Explain depression of freezing

point.

19. Define the cryoscopic constant K as

the freezing point depression produced

if one grammes - molecule of any

solute dissolved in 1,000 grams of

solvent.

Lectures Classroom

resources

Construction of copper/copper

sulphate half cell, zinc/zinc

sulphate half cell and iron/iron

sulphate half cell. Connect via salt

bridge and measure emf

high resistance voltmeter

metals and solutions,

beakers filter papers

soaked in potassium nitrate

V solution

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

20. Use the formula ΔT = KW where

ΔT = depression of freezing point

K = Cryoscopic constant

W = Mass of solute in 1,000 grams

solvent

M= Molecular mass of solute

21. Calculate relative molecular mass

of solute using the formula above.

22. Explain the problems involved in the

measurement of freezing point

depression especially that of super

cooling.

23. Describe the following methods of

measuring depression of freezing point

e.g. Rasts method and Beckmann's

method.

Lectures Classroom

resources

Determine the relative molecular

mass of a solute dissolved in a

given weight of solvent using

equation 3.11 above.

Demonstrate and

Guide the students

Calorimeters

Bunsen burner

24. Define osmosis

25. Define osmotic pressure

26. State and explain the Laws of

Osmosis

27. Derive the formula v = RT where =

Osmotic pressure, V = Volume of

Solution containing one gram of solute,

R = Universal gas constant T =

absolute temperature.

28. Calculate molecular mass using the

equation in above.

29. Describe methods for the

measurement of Osmotic pressure.

Measure the elevation of boiling

point by Rasts method.

Glassware

thermometer

30. Define colligative properties.

31. List natural examples of Osmosis.

32. Describe the relationship between

osmotic pressure and vapour pressure.

33. Explain the interrelationship of the

Colligative properties of a solution.

34. Explain phase, phase rule and

various degrees of freedom)

Measure the elevation of boiling

point by the Landsberger's

method.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources

35. Explain phase equilibria exemplified

by 1 and 2 component system.

General Objective 4: Understand Colligative Properties of Solutions

1. Define colligative properties

2. List natural examples of Osmosis

3. Describe the relationship between

osmotic pressure and vapour pressure.

4. Explain the interrelationship of the

Colligative properties of a solution.

Lectures Classroom

Resources.

Measure the following in the

laboratory:

Lowering of vapour pressure

elevation of boiling point

depression of freezing point.

Determine relative molecular

mass of substance

Calorimeter

Glassware

Thermometers

14-15

5. Explain colligative properties

namely:-

lowering of vapour pressure

elevation of boiling point

depression of freezing point

osmotic pressure

6. Describe various methods of

measuring vapour density:-

vapour pressure

effect of solute on vapour pressure

effect of solute on boiling point

effect of solute on freezing point

osmotic pressure

7. Calculate molecular weight of

solutes from expressions derived from

Roults' law on lowering of vapour

pressure.

8. Calculate the molecular weight of

solutes from expression derived from

elevation of boiling point and

depression of freezing point.

Assessment:

Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Practical 40 %; Examination 50 %

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Chemistry by M.J. Sienko and R.A. Plane (Mc Graw Hill)

Chemistry (The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change) by M.S. Silberberg published by Mc Graw Hill

Classic Chemistry Experiments published by The Royal Society of Chemistry (UK) and free on the internet at

http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/classic_exp.htm

Salters Advanced Chemistry Activities and Assessment Pack published by Heinemann

Course: Electricity and Magnetism

Department/Programme: National Diploma Science Laboratory Technology.

Course: Electricity and Magnetism Course Code: STP 121 Credit Hours:

Year: 1 Semester: 2 Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

2 hours/week

3 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand the concept of static electricity.

2. Understand capacitance and the use of capacitors in d.c. circuits.

3. Understand the behaviour of moving charges in conditions,

4. Understand the chemical effects of electric current.

5. Understand the concepts of magnetic field.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 1:

1.1 Describe the principles of

electrostatics shielding.

1.2 State Coulomb's law.

1.3 Explain the principles of

operation of the Van de Graff

generator.

1.4 State the expression for

Coulomb's force in a medium of

permitivity ε

2q1q

εΠ

−

1.5 Calculate the resultant force

between two or more charges

using coulomb's law:

1.6 Draw lines of force due to:-

i) an isolated

point charge

ii) two similar

charges

iii) two unlike

charges.

Solve numerical

problems and give

assignment.

Lecture.

Demonstrate the action

of the Van de Graff

generator.

Students should be involved

in the demonstration of the

Van de Graff generator.

1.7 Define Electric field intensity.

1.8 Calculate field intensity due to

a point charge and a dipole.

1.9 Explain the terms electrostatic

potential, potential difference and

electron volt.

1.10 Explain the meaning of

potential gradient.

1.11 State the relation between

electric potential gradient and

electric field.

1.12 Calculate the force and

acceleration of an electron placed

Lecture and solve

some simple

numerical

problems and give

assignment.

Classroom

resources.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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in electric fields of know

intensities.

1.13 Calculate the work done in

bringing closer two positively or

negatively part charges placed at

a distance apart.

1.14 Calculate the potential and

electric field between any two of

three charges placed respectively

at the corners of an equilateral

triangle of known dimension.

General Objective 2.0: Understand capacitance and the use of capacitors in d.c. circuits

Capacitors

2.1 Explain the meaning of

capacitor.

2.2 Define capacitance.

2.3 Describe the different types of

capacitors.

2.4 List the uses of the capacitor

2.5 Explain the factors affecting

the capacitance of the parallel

plate capacitor (Area, distance

and dielectric material).

2.6 Define permitivity and relative

permitivity (or dielectric constant)

Explain Dielectric strength of a

medium

Lecture Classroom

resources.

Identification of

different types of

capacitors.

Students should be shown

different types of capacitors.

Mica, paraffin, waxed, electrolytic,

paper, ceramic, variable air

capacitors, etc

4 - 5

2.7 Write the expression for the

capacitance of a parallel plate

capacitor ( d

cε

=where d is the

distance between the plates, A is

the surface

area of the plate and e is the

permittivity of the

medium between the plates.

Lecture

Solve some

simple numerical

problems using

the expressions.

Charge and discharge

a capacitor using a

resistor.

Demonstrate the

ballistic galvanometer

method of comparing

two capacitances of

two capacitors.

Demonstrate the charging of

a capacitor using a resistor.

Demonstrate the discharge

of a capacitor through a

resistor.

The student should perform

the experiment to compare

Large capacitor, Large resistor,

Micro ammeter, two-way key,

source of EMF and wire

connectors.

Ballistic galvanometer, two

electrical switches, source of

EMF, two capacitors (one

standard capacitor) wire

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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2.8 Write the expressions for the

equivalent capacitance of series

and parallel arrangements of

capacitors:

21 c

1+= (for serials

arrangement)

c = c1 + c2 (for parallel

arrangement)

2.9 Write an expression for the

energy stored in a capacitor

2.10 Calculate the equivalent

values of capacitors placed in (i)

series (ii) parallel

2.11 Calculate the energy stored

in a capacitor.

two capacitances of two

capacitors using ballistic

galvanometer method.

connectors.

General Objective 3.0: Understand the Behaviour of moving charges in conductors

6 - 7

Direct Current

3.1 Explain why metals are good

conductors of electricity using a

free electron model.

3.2 Define potential difference

and electromotive force (e.m.f.)

3.3 State the relationship

between current and charge.

3.4 Write an expression for drift

velocity in metals and explain the

symbols used.

Lecture Classroom

resources.

Identify different types

of resistors

Students should be shown

different types of resistors

Standard resistors such as

carbon black and wire wound

resistors, and

Variable resistors such as

rheostat and resistance boxes.

8 - 11

3.5 Explain how two resistances

in series are used to provide a

known fraction of a given

potential difference (potential

divider arrangement).

3.6 Define resistivity and

conductivity.

3.7 Explain the effect of

Lecture. Classroom

resources.

Determine the

temperature coefficient

of resistance of a coil.

Construct a meter

bridge.

Determination of

Students should perform an

experiment to determine a

temperature coefficient of

resistance of a copper coil.

Group students and give out

the construction of meter

Wheat stone bridge, accumulator

or dry cell, switch, sensitive

centre reading galvanometer,

standard resistor

(5 ohm),

Thermometer, boiling tube

containing paraffin in which is

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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temperature on the resistance of

a wire.

3.8 Explain temperature

coefficient of resistance.

3.9 Define internal resistance of a

cell

3.10 Write the expression E = 1

(R+r) for a complete circuit.

3.11 Describe the effect of

internal resistance on the current

drawn from the cells.

3.12 State Kirchoff's first and

second laws.

3.13 Calculate current and emf in

complete circuits applying

Kirchoff's laws.

3.14 Write the formula for electric

power developed in a resistor.

3.15 Explain the principle of

operation of the wheat stone

bridge.

3.16 Explain the principle of the

potentiometer.

unknown resistances.

Carry out the following

experiments using the

potentiometer

arrangement.

(i).Calibrate an

ammeter

(ii) Calibrate a

voltmeter

(iii)Compare two

resistors

(v) Calibrate a

thermocouple.

Calibrate a

thermocouple.

bridge as assignment.

Students should use the

constructed bridge to

determine the values of

unknown resistances and

compare with that obtained

using the meter bridge in the

laboratory.

Student should use the

potentiometer

to calibrate an ammeter.

Student should use the

potentiometer

to calibrate a volt meter.

Students should use the

potentiometer to compare the

resistances of two resistors.

Group students and give out

as assignment. The students

are expected to construct the

thermocouple first.

immersed the copper coil.

Constructed meter bridge, the

meter bridge in the laboratory, dry

cell, key set of standard

resistances, unknown resistance,

galvanometer.

Potentiometer ammeter, standard

cell, galvanometer, keys,

accumulator, standard cell,

rheostat, dry cell

Potentiometer volt metre

standard cell, galvanometer,

keys, accumulator, standard cell,

rheostat, dry cell

Two accumulators, two keys,

potentiometer, rheostat,

galvanometer, two resistances

(can be unknown and standard

resistance respectively).

Potentiometer, two resistance

boxes (2000 OHM) accumulator,

key, galvanometer, cadmium

standard cell, sand bath,

thermometer reading up to 350

degrees centigrade, copper and

iron wires, thermocouple.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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General Objective 4.0: Understand the Chemical effect of electric current

12 - 14

Chemical Effects of Electric

Current

4.1 Explain electrolysis and

voltammeter

4.2 Define electrodes (Anodes

and Cathode)

4.3 Explain with examples the

term electrolyte.

4.4 Explain ionization process in

an electrolyte

4.5 Explain the mechanism of

electrolytic conduction.

4.6 Define electrochemical

equivalent and equivalent weight.

4.7 State faraday's laws of

electrolysis

4.8 Describe electrolysis of water

using Hoffman voltammeter

4.9 List the applications of

electrolysis e.g. electroplating

4.10 Describe the construction of

these cells in 9.12 above.

4.11 Explain charging,

discharging and care of the

accumulators.

4.12 Calculate the e.m.f's of cells

from energy consideration given

the necessary data.

4.13 Calculate the mass of a

substance liberated during

electrolysis using M=Zlt where m

= mass. Z is electrochemical

equivalent of the substance; l is

current and t is time.

4.14 Calculate the back e.m.f.

produced in a water voltammeter

Lecture

Solve some

simple numerical

problems and give

assignment.

Classroom

resources.

Demonstrate

electrolysis with

Hoffman and copper

voltammeter.

Identify Daniel cell,

Leclanche cell (dry and

wet) lead Accumulator,

Nife cell and western

cell.

Construct simple cells

using locally available

materials

Charge accumulators

in the laboratory.

Students should be made to

watch the demonstration of

electrolysis using Hoffman

apparatus and copper

voltammeter.

Identify the following cells for

the students:

Daniel cell, Laclanche cell

(dry and wet) lead

Accumulator, Nife cell and

western cell.

Group students and give out

the construction of simple

cells using locally available

materials as assignment.

The charging process of

accumulators should be

witnessed by the students.

Hoffman apparatus and copper

voltammeter.

Daniel cell, Laclanche cell (dry

and wet) lead Accumulator, Nife

cell and western cell.

Charger.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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connected to an accumulator

given other necessary data.

4.15 Solve problems involving the

concept of electrolysis

General Objective 5.0: Understand the concepts of magnetic field.

Magnetism

5.1 Explain the concept of

magnetic field.

5.2 Explain the nature of the

magnetic field:-

i) around a bar

magnet

ii) around a

straight current

carrying

conductor

iii) a solenoid

iv) circular coil

v) toroid

5.3 Explain the principle of

operation of the magnetometer.

Lecture Classroom

resources.

Plot magnetic lines of

force.

Demonstrate the use

of magnetometer.

Students should plot

magnetic lines of force for

the following:

Bar magnet, straight current

carrying conductor, solenoid.

Students should observe the

demonstration of the use of

the magnetometer

by the teacher.

Bar magnet

Solenoid, straight current carrying

conductor,

Circular coil, iron fillings.

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:

Coursework/Assignments 10%; Course test 20 %; Practical 30%; Examination 40 %

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Advanced level Physics by Nelkon and Parker.

Physics Practical manual by Tyler.

Course: Optics and Waves

Department/Programme: National Diploma

Course: Optics and Waves Course Code: STP 122 Credit Hours:

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

1 hours/week

2 hours /week

General Objectives

On completion of this course, students should be able to:

1. understand the principles and applications of reflection and refraction at plane and curved surfaces.

2. understand the working principles of optical instruments.

3. understand the basic concepts of photometry.

4. understand the phenomenon of wave, optics and sound waves.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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General Objective 1.0: Understand the principles and applications of reflection and refraction at plane and curved surfaces.

1 - 3

Reflection and Refraction at Plane

Surfaces

1.1 Revise previous work on

reflection and refraction at curved

surfaces.

1.2 Define refractive index in terms

of velocities of light in vacuum and in

a medium.

1.3 Explain the use of spherometer.

1.4 Explain the application of total

internal reflection in the construction

of the following:

Submarine periscope, binoculars,

optical fibre and kaleodoscop.

1.5 Determine the focal length of two

thin lenses in contact using the

formula:

1+=

1.6 Explain defects of lenses

(spherical and chromatic aberration)

and their corrections.

Lecture Classroom

resources.

Determine the radius of

curvature of a convex

mirror using a

spherometer.

Determination of the

refractive index of liquid

using a concave mirror.

Determination of the focal

length of a convex lens

by the displacement

method.

Determination of the focal

length and position of a

lens mounted in an

inaccessible position

inside a tube.

Students should perform an

experiment to determine the

radius of curvature of a

convex mirror using a

spherometer.

Student should perform an

experiment to determine

refractive index of liquid using

a concave mirror.

Student should carry out

experiment to determine the

focal length of a convex lens

by the displacement method.

Spherometer piece of plane

glass, convex mirror.

Concave mirror, liquid, retort

stand. Clamp. Pin, meter rule.

Illuminated object, meter rule,

convex lens, stands and screen.

4 - 6

Determination of (i) glass,

(ii) liquid using a travelling

microscope.

Student should perform an

experiment to determine the

focal length and position of a

lens mounted in an

inaccessible position inside a

tube.

Perform experiment to

determine

i) glass,

(ii) liquid using a travelling

microscope.

Light box, screen, cardboard

tube with lens inside and having

window both ends.

Travelling microscope with

vernier scale, glass block, tank

with glass sides, lycopodium

powder, fine sand.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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General Objective 2.0: Understand the working principles of optical instruments.

7 - 8

Optical Instruments and Human Eye

2.1 Explain the magnifying action of

lens

2.2 Write expression for angular

magnification of a lens

2.3 Explain the working of:

i) Simple

microscope

ii) Compound

microscope

iii) Astronomical

telescope

iv) Galilean

telescope

v) Terrestrial

telescope

. Lecture Classroom

resources.

Demonstrate the use of

microscope

Students should be made to

use the microscope to view

minute particles.

Microscope

9 - 11

2.4 Explain the magnifying power of

optical instruments in 2.3 above.

2.5 Calculate the magnifying power

of the optical instruments in 2.3

above.

2.6 Describe the working of a

spectrometer.

2.7 Explain the defects of the eye

and their correction.

2.8 Calculate the magnifying power,

angular magnification of optical

instruments.

2.9 Calculate the focal lengths of the

objective and eye lenses of

compound microscope given the

magnification and other necessary

parameters.

Solve simple

numerical

problems.

Determine the magnifying

power of a microscope.

Demonstrate the use of

the spectrometer

Measure angle of

deviation, minimum

deviation angle of a prism

using spectrometer.

Student should determine the

magnifying power of a

microscope.

Teacher should demonstrate

the use of spectrometer

Students should measure

angle of deviation, minimum

deviation angle of a prism

using spectrometer

Compound microscope,

unsilvered glass plate, two

millimetre scales (mounted

white paper scales are

suitable).

Spectrometer.

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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General Objective 3.0: Understand the basic concepts of photometry.

12 - 13

Photometry

3.1 Define radiant power, radiant

flux, luminous flux

3.2 Define luminance, luminance

and luminous intensity

3.3 Describe the international

standard source of light.

3.4 Define solid angle

3.5 Define luminous efficiency.

3.6 State the relationship between

illuminance and luminous flux;

luminous intensity and luminous flux.

3.7 State cosine law and inverse

square law

3.8 Describe lummer - Brolum

photometer and the flicker

photometer.

3.9 Compare intensities of light

sources.

3.10 Calculate the luminous intensity

I, and luminous flux F, of a source.

3.11 Calculate the luminance of a

surface.

Lecture

Solve some

numerical

problems.

Classroom

resources.

Compare light intensities. Student should compare light

intensities using photometer.

Light sources of different

intensities, meter rule,

photometer.

General Objective 4.0: Understand the phenomenon of wave, optics and sound waves.

4.1 Explain sound waves in air

columns and waves in

strings.

4.2 Define resonance.

4.3 List examples of resonance in

other physical events.

4.4 Identify the factors that affect the

velocity of sound waves in pipes.

4.5 Establish the relationship

between the frequency of waves in a

straight string and the length and

tension:

Lecture Classroom

resources.

Determine experimentally

the velocity of sound in

air using a resonance

tube.

Student should perform the

experiment to determine

experimentally the velocity of

sound in air using a

resonance tube.

Glass resonance tube about

100 cm long and 3cm in

diameter, clamp, rubber bung,

set of tuning forks of frequency

range 256 to 512 hertz, meter

rule.

100

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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F = 1 √T/M

Where f = Frequency

T = Tension in string

L = Length of string

And M = Mass of string

4.6 Explain what is meant by

Doppler effect.

4.7 List examples of Doppler effect

in sound and light .

4.8 Explain the terms:-

i) Reflection

ii) Refraction

iii) Super position

iv) Interference and

diffraction as they

relate to waves.

4.9 State the conditions necessary

for interference and to occur.

4.10 Explain the term beat.

4.11 Determine beat frequency

4.12 Explain the electromagnetic

spectrum in relation to wave lengths

and frequency.

4.13 Distinguish between emission

and absorption of waves.

Lecture Classroom

resources.

Determination of the

frequency of a tuning fork

using a sonometer.

Demonstration of

reflection, refraction,

super position,

interference and

diffraction using a ripple

tank.

Student should determine by

experiment the frequency of a

tuning fork using a sonometer

The teacher should

demonstrate reflection,

refraction, super position,

interference and diffraction

using a ripple tank.

Sonometer, length of steel of

diameter about half millimetre,

supporting hook and set of

slotted five Newton weights,

tuning folk, and micrometer

screw gauge

Ripple tank..

Assessment:

Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Course test 20 %; Practical 30 %; Examination 40 %

Recommended Textbooks & References:

(1) Advanced Level Physics by Nelkon and Parker

(2) Physics Practical Manual by Tyler.

101

Course: Analytical Chemistry

Programme: ND Science Lab. Technology

Course: Analytical Chemistry Course Code: STC 123 Credit Hours:

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

hours/week 2

hours /week 3

General Objectives

1. Understand the Analytical Process

2. Understand the physical/chemical principles involved in separation methods

3. Understand the Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data

4. Further understanding of Titrimetric Analysis, including the use of non-aqueous solvents

5. Understand the principles and applications of Gravimetric Analysis

102

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General Objective 1: Understand the Analytical Process

1.1. Understand the issues

involved with sample collection

and storage. Discuss how to

obtain a representative sample.

1.2. Understand the techniques

used in sample preparation.

1.3. Understand 'Fitness for

purpose' and relevant technique

characteristics: limit of detection,

limit of quantitation, sensitivity, and

selectivity.

Lectures Blackboard,

chalk

Calibration of a pipette-

use of lab glassware and

analytical balance

Lab safety talk;

introduction to

general apparatus,

demonstration of

correct method of

operation

Balance, 50 and/or 25 ml

pipettes, pipette fillers,

weighing containers, table of

density vs. temperature for

water, thermometers

1.4. Understand the three methods

of calibration: external standards,

internal standards and standard

additions.

1.5. Understand and use the

method of least squares to

calculate a straight line through

data points

Lecture

Lecture/workshop

Blackboard,

chalk,

calculators

Practical use of linear

regression

Student guidance Rulers, calculators

General Objective 2: Understand the physical/chemical principles involved in separation methods

2.1 Define chromatography as a

means of separating mixtures by

the distribution of its components

between a stationary and a mobile

phase in adsorption and partition

chromatography.

2.2 Describe paper and silica gel

thin layer chromatography

2.3 Describe column

chromatography over silica gel

2.4 Describe gas chromatography

2.5 Distinguish between

adsorption chromatography and

partition chromatography

2.6 Define partition coefficient and

Explain with relevant

examples and give

assignments

Classroom

resources

Separate mixture into its

various components using

silica gel TLC and column

chromatography

Demonstrate and let

the student practice

the separation of a

mixture

Chromatographic column, thin

layer plate, mixture of

components

103

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retention time

2.7 Define the terms Rf and Rv

(retention volumes)

2.8 Describe the technique of

solvent extraction

2.9 Explain why it is more efficient

to extract a solute from a solution

by using two or more portions of

an immiscible solvent than to use

the same total volume in one bulk.

2.10 Describe the functioning of

soxhlet extraction.

2.11 Differentiate between batch

and continuous extraction.

2.12 Describe the use of acidic

and basic solvents to extract basic

and acidic materials respectively.

2.13 Describe the use of chelation

to extract an ionic

substance into a non-polar solvent.

Explain and illustrate

with relevant

examples

Classroom

resources

Determine the extent of

extraction of a material

from one phase into a

second phase applying

the principle of partition

law.

Demonstrate and

allow students to

apply some principles

Solvents extraction apparatus

2.14 Describe methods for the

detection of colourless material in

paper and thin layer

chromatography and solvents in

GC.

2.15 Describe the chemical form of

an acidic or basic ion exchange

resin.

2.16 Explain that an ion exchange

resin exchanges ionic units with

ions in the surrounding solution.

2.17 Explain the terms selectivity

coefficient and distribution

coefficient for an ion exchange

material.

Explain with relevant

examples and give

assignments

Classroom

resources

Identify colourless

material in paper and thin

layer chromatography

Demonstrate and let

the students practice

the identification of

colourless materials

Paper and thin layer

chromatographic equipment

104

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2.18 State that the abilities of a

resin to exchange ions with those

in dilute solution increases as the

change on the solvated ions

increases.

2.19 Define the terms bed volume

and exchange capacity.

2.20 Describe the process of re-

generating an ion exchange resin.

2.21 Describe laboratory and

industrial applications of ion

exchange resins.

Explain and illustrate

with relevant

examples

Classroom

resources

Set up an ion exchange

column and use it to

separate a chlorophyll

Demonstrate and

allow the students to

carry out the

separation

Ion exchange column solvents

2.22 Explain electrophoresis,

discussing electrophoretic mobility

and Stokes equation

2.23 Discuss Electroosmosis,

apparent mobility and theoretical

plates

2.24 Describe the experimental

set-up for capillary electrophoresis

2.25 Discuss applications of

capillary electrophoresis, e.g.

separating milk proteins, gunshot

residues, detecting chemical

weapon products, drugs

Explain and illustrate

with relevant

examples

Classroom

resources

Investigation of pH

dependance of

electrophoresis of natural

anthocyanine dyes (or

similar experiment)

Demonstrate and

allow students to

repeat

gar or agarose gel, citrate and

ammonium acetate,

2.26 Describe HPLC

chromatography

2.27 Discuss normal phase HPLC

and reverse phase HPLC

2.28 Discuss retention time, peak

shape, peak broadening and peak

integration

Explain and illustrate

with relevant

examples

Classroom

resources

Analysis of additives in

soft drinks by HPLC

Demonstrate and

allow students to test

own samples

HPLC, soft drinks, ammonium

acetate, glacial acetic acid,

solvent saccharin, benzoic acid,

caffeine, aspartame

105

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General Objectives: 3 Understand the Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data

3.1 Explain the limitations of

analytical methods.

3.2 Define accuracy.

3.3 Explain the two methods of

measuring accuracy-absolute and

relative error.

3.4 Define precision.

3.5 Express absolute precision

statistically, namely: deviation from

the median and standard deviation

and relative standard deviation),

variance and the range.

Explain and illustrate

with appropriate

examples

Classroom

resources,

calculators

Treat various

experimental data to bring

out the meaning of mean

deviation, standard

deviation absolute error,

relative error

Demonstrate and

allow students to

repeat

Calculators

3.6 Explain the two main classes

of error viz:- (a) systematic or

determinate errors (b) random or

indeterminate errors. Discuss

gross errors.

3.7 List and explain the different

forms of systematic errors, namely

operational and personal errors,

instrumental and reagent errors,

method errors, additive and

proportional errors.

3.8 Explain ways by which errors

can be minimized, such as

calibration of apparatus, and

application of corrections, running

a control determination, and use of

independent methods.

3.9 Understand how to calculate

propagated errors over an analysis

Give an assignment Classroom

materials

Calculate propagated

errors for a typical

experiment including

glassware, balances etc.

Demonstrate and

allow students to

repeat with another

experiment

Calculators

106

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3.10 Explain the meaning of

significant figures.

3.11 List examples of significant

figures.

3.12 Explain normal distribution

(Gaussian)

3.13 List and explain the three

methods of testing results,

namely:- student's t test and the F

test; and the chi-square

distribution

3.14 Apply statistical test to

specific analytical problems.

3.15 Understand outlier tests:

Dixon's Q and Grubb's tests.

3.16 Explain the number of parallel

determinations (repetitive

determination) needed in results

for analysis.

Classroom

resources,

statistical

tables,

calculators

Apply statistical tests to

specific analytical

problems

Demonstrate and

allow students to

repeat with another

experiment

Calculators, statistical tables

General Objective 4: Understand the principles of Titrimetic Analysis

4.1 Explain meaning of titrimetic

analysis

4.2 Describe the basic principle of

titrimetic analysis

4.3 Discuss the determination of

end points

4.4 Discuss the use of indicators

4.5 Discuss the use of pH and

conduct metric methods

4.6 Discuss different types of

titrations such as acid/ base,

oxidation/reduction,

complexiometric, and non aqueous

solvents

Explain and give

relevant examples

Classroom

resources

Standardisation of HCl

with sodium carbonate

standard solution

Demonstrate and

allow students to

repeat

Burettes, glassware, HCl

sodium carbonate, screened

methyl orange indicator

107

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4.7 Relate the strength of acids

and bases to the solvent medium

(levelling effect).

4.8 Classify solvents as

amphiprotic (amphoteric,

protophilic, protogenic and

approtic.

4.9 List solvents used in non-

aqueous titration

4.10 Explain autoprotolysis

4.11 List basic and acidic titrants

used for particular non-aqueous

media

4.12 Explain why non-aqueous

titration is applicable to acids and

bases weaker than water

4.13 List applications o titrations in

non-aqueous media

Analysis of aspirin by

back titration

Guide students Burettes, glassware,

acetylsalicylic acid, sodium

carbonate, sulphuric acid,

screened methyl orange

indicator, aspirin tablets,

sodium hydroxide, bunsens,

phenol red indicator

General Objective 4: Understand the principles and applications of gravimetric analysis

14-15

Gravimetric Analysis

5.1 Explain the meaning of

gravimetric analysis.

5.2 Describe precipitation as

gravimetric method for separation

of elements or compounds.

5.3 Explain co-precipitation, pot-

precipitation and digestion.

5.4 Relate the effects of 4.3 above

to the purity of the precipitate.

5.5 Outline the conditions

necessary for precipitation

Explain with relevant

examples and give

assignments

Classroom

resources

Determine chloride ion,

calcium as calcium

oxalate etc in natural

samples in the laboratory.

- Determine nickel as

nickel dimethyl-

glyoximate to show the

use of organic substances

in precipitation.

Determine the percentage

of water of crystallization

in Barium chloride,

magnesium sulphate

hepthydrate etc

Guide the students to

carry out practicals

listed

Glass wares

chemicals

108

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:

Coursework/Assignments Course test 10%; Practical 40%; Examination 50%

Recommended Textbooks & References:

J.N. Miller and J.C. Miller. Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry. Fourth Edition. Prentice Hall. 2000.

D.C. Harris. "Quantitative Chemical Analysis", 6th Edition, Freeman, New York. 2002.

D.A. Skoog, D.M. West & F.J. Holler. "Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry", 7th edition. Saunders and Holt, New York. 1996

R. Kellner, J.-M. Mermet, M. Otto & H.M. Widmer (eds.). "Analytical Chemistry" Wiley-VCH, Chichester. 1998

Some labs are from The Journal of Chemistry Education

109

Course: GLT, Module (iii) Preparation of Laboratory Side Shelf Reagents, and Module (iv)

Separation Techniques and Sample Management

Department/Programme:

Course: GLT, Module (iii) Preparation of Laboratory Side Shelf Reagents, and Module (iv) Separation

Techniques and Sample Management

Course Code: GLT

121

Credit

Hours:

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

hours/week

1 hours

/week

General Objectives

1. Know the preparation of solutions and reagents in the laboratory

2. Know the different types of solvents and their applications

3. Understand the: storage, extraction, dispensing, recovery and disposal and of chemicals in the laboratory

4. Understand the basic techniques of sampling

5. Understand the physical and chemical principles involved in some separation methods used in the laboratory

6. Understand the collection, handling and preservation of biological laboratory specimens

7. Understand the setting up and management of tropical aquarium and animal house

8. Know how to prepare a herbarium

110

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 1: Know the preparation of solutions and reagents in the laboratory

1 - 2

1.1 Define standard solution

e.g. Normal, molar, saturated

and supersaturated solution.

1.2 Calculate the concentration

of solution from a given assay.

1.3 Describe the methods of

preparation and standardization

of solutions.

Lecture Prepare and standardise

various solutions.

Label all prepared

solutions and reagents.

Prepare 0.1M

H2 SO4

0.1M

NaOH

and titrate.

Burettes, Pipettes,

beakers, retort,

Stand, volumetric flasks,

H2 SO4,

NaOH Indicator.

General Objective 2: Know the different types of solvents and their applications

2.1 Define a solvent

2.2 List some known solvents.

2.3 Classify solvents in 2.2

above e.g. organic in organic,

and universal.

2.4 State the application of

solvents e.g. solid/liquid

extraction.

Lecture and

demonstration

batch extraction

Apply solvents in

extractions and on other

cases.

Soxhlets

apparatus/petroleum

ether, ethanol and

methylene chloride

General Objective 3: Understand the: storage, extraction, dispensing, recovery and disposal and of chemicals in the laboratory

4 - 5

3.1 Describe methods of

carrying out the following

processes in the laboratory

(i) Storage

(ii) Extraction

(iii) Dispensing

(iv) Recovery

and Disposal

3.2 Apply each of the

processes in 3.1 above to the

various chemicals in the

laboratory.

3.3 List and describe the safety

regulations involved in the

Lecture

visit a standard

chemical store.

Silver halide

residue

Distillation

apparatus.

Separating

funnel; organic

solvent e.g.

petroleum

ether.

Use batch solvent

extraction

Recover acetone from its

residues.

Recover silver (Ag) from

silver halide residue.

Recover mercury from its

contaminated residues.

111

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

process in 3.1 above.

3.4 Separate various solvents

in the laboratory.

3.5 Explain and apply the

methods of handling and

storage of various gaseous and

corrosive substances in the

laboratory.

General Objective 4: Understand the basic techniques of sampling

4.1 List and explain types of

sampling techniques e.g. riffle,

coning, quartering etc.

4.2 Explain the application of

sampling techniques in 4.1

above.

4.3 Explain the importance of

paper sampling.

Lecture Apply sampling

techniques in the

laboratory and for

laboratory analysis.

Ask students to collect soil

samples.

Prepare laboratory analytical

samples from the collection

white sheets of paper.

Sets of series

Cellophane/nylon bags.

balance

oven.

General Objective 5: Understand the physical and chemical principles involved in some separation methods used in the laboratory

5.1 Describe the technique of

solvent extraction.

5.2 Explain the principle of the

partition law.

5.3 Explain why it is more

efficient to extract a solute from

a solution by using two or more

portions of an immiscible

solvent than to use the same

total volume in one bulk.

5.4 Describe the principle of

soxhlet extraction.

5.5 Differentiate between batch

and continuous extraction.

5.6 Describe how acidic and

basic solvent can be used to

extract basic and acidic

materials respectively.

Lecture

Display soxhlet

apparatus

Draw a label

perform batch extraction

using a separate funnel.

Mount the soxhlet

apparatus and use it to

separate a given material

e.g. soya-beans powder

for oil content

Separating funnel

Soxhlet extractor

112

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

5.7 List and describe different

techniques of distillation.

5.8 Draw the apparatus

assembly for simple distillation

under reduced pressure.

8 - 9

5.9 Set up the distillation

apparatus above for the

purification of a flammable

liquid.

5.10 Describe the principle and

process of fractional distillation.

5.11 Describe the principle and

process of steam distillation.

5.12 Define an azeotrope as a

constant boiling mixture.

5.13 List applications of the

various distillation procedures

in industry.

5.14 Define sublimation

5.15 Describe the principle and

process of sublimation as used

in the purification of organic

compound.

5.16 List compounds that can

be purified by sublimation.

5.17 Design apparatus to be

used for sublimation procedure.

5.18 Describe the principles

and process of crystallization

as used in the isolation and

purification of compounds.

5.19 Describe filtration as a

process of separation and

purification.

5.20 Explain dialysis as a

process of separation and

purification.

Lecture and

Demonstration.

Lecture and

demonstration

Set up and use

sublimation

apparatus using

Ammonium chloride

or Xrstal Iodine

Lecture

Sublimation

apparatus

Set up and use a simple

distillation apparatus.

Use it to explain the

differences between it

and

steam distillation

fractional

reflux etc.

Separate a mixture of 2,4

- dinitrophenols by steam

distillation.

Distillation apparatus

Condenser (leibere)

round bottomed flask

(about 25ml)

Heating mantel

Receiver

113

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 6: Understand the collection, handling and preservation of biological laboratory specimens

10 - 11

6.1 Describe and identify

various types of traps for

collecting plants and animal

specimens for the laboratory.

6.2 Describe various ways of

preserving and transporting

plant and animal specimens to

the laboratory.

6.3 List and describe different

methods of preserving plants

and animal specimens.

Lecture

Lecture and

demonstration of

method of preserving

specimen. Display

collection tools

Draw and label.

Collect specimens of

various types using

traps.

Transport specimens to

the laboratory in good

conditions.

Prepare and preserve

animal/specimens in

formalin by drying and by

stuffing.

Display preserved

specimen for effect.

Preserve and display

plant specimens.

Filed trip for collection.

Back to laboratory

demonstrate and preserves -

plant material e.g. sida acuta

and animal material e.g.

cockroach (Pleriplaneta

americena) by (a) war method

(b) pinning

Give assignments to students for

collection/preservation of (a)

tools/frogs. (b) Preparation of

skeleton.

Various biological

specimen - plants and

animals.

Formalin

Stuffing materials

General Objective 7: Understand the setting up and management of tropical aquarium and animal house

12 - 13

7.1 List and describe various

types of aquarium tanks.

7.2 Describe the functions of

the different accessories of an

aquarium.

7.3 Describe the process of

reconditioning tap water for

aquarium use.

7.4 Select species of fish and

plants suitable for any tropical

aquarium using appropriate

tables.

7.5 State provision of the

cruelty Animal Act.

7.6 Identify common laboratory

animals.

Lecture

Lecture and

demonstration.

Takes students on

tour of the animal

house.

Demonstrate feeding

and mating.

Inspects healthy and

deceased (sick)

animals with

students.

A functional

animal house

with various

species bred.

Animal house

containing

animals

Devise and apply

suitable means to collect

selected species of fish.

Organise accessories

and plants correctly

within the tank.

Design a means of

feeding organism

manually bearing in mind

the need for a balanced

diet per day.

Clean the aquarium

Teacher sets up a class

aquarium with the students

Fill it with selected species stay

it on for at least a month.

An aquarium.

Fish plant and species.

114

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

7.7 Handle each of these

animals such that it does not

experience any discomfort.

7.8 Feed the animals regularly

and adequately bearing in mind

the need for a balanced diet.

7.9 Enumerate the different

signs of ill health exhibited by

animals and how to identify a

sick animal.

without disturbing the fish

7.10 Ensure that the animal

cage is clean and well

ventilated.

7.11 Distinguish between male

and female species of each

animal by observation.

7.12 Observe animals carefully

to determine when to mate

them use breeding table.

7.13 Explain methods used in

the laboratory for mating

animals.

7.14 State the advantages and

disadvantages of mating

animals artificially.

7.15 State and apply the

various methods of humane

killings of animals e.g. physical

killings, like electrocution

stunning et and chemical

killings like chloroforming

Lecture and

Demonstration

Animal cage collect toads/frogs.

Demonstrate in the lab

the humane killing

methods esp.

chloroforming

Send students to field to collect

toads/frogs.

115

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 8: How to prepare a herbarium

8.1 Define a herbarium

8.2 State the essential

requirement of a herbarium.

Lecture and

Demonstration

Tours the herbarium

with students of use

students to build one

for the

establishment.

A functional

herbarium

Prepare a herbarium.

Demonstrate good

maintenance of a

herbarium.

Send students out to collect

plant materials. Demonstrate

mounting plants materials for

herbarium.

Ask each student to prepare a

given specimen against next

class

A functional herbarium

Assessment:

Coursework/Assignments 10%; Practical 40%; Examination 50%

Recommended Textbooks & References:

116

Course: Computer Packages I

Programme: Statistics (National Diploma)

Course: Computer Packages I Course Code: COM 123 Total Hours: 4

Year: 1 Semester: 2 Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

1 hours/week

3 hours/week

Goal: This course is designed to introduce the student to basic computer packages.

General Objectives: On completion of this course, the diplomate will be able to:

1. Know the existing application packages.

2. Understand word processing packages.

3. Know electronic spread sheets.

4. Know the fundamentals of accounting packages.

5. Understand presentation packages.

6. Know how to use education, medical and other packages.

117

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 1 (COM 123): Know the existing application packages.

1.1 Understand the difference

between systems software,

program generators and

application packages

Explain the difference

between systems software,

program generators and

application packages

White board

PC Loaded with

different

packages and

connected to an

OHP

To be able to view

different software

packages and know

their features

To assist student view

different software packages

and know their features

White board

PC in a networked

laboratory loaded

with different

packages and

connected to

internet.

1.2 Identify the modes of

package acquisition

1.3 State the criteria for

package acceptability

Identify the modes of

package acquisition

State the criteria for

package acceptability

White board

PC Loaded with

different

packages and

connected to an

OHP

To be able to view

different software

packages and know

their features

T o assist student view

different software packages

and know their features

White board

PC in a networked

laboratory loaded

with different

packages and

connected to

internet.

General Objective 2 (COM 123): Understand word processing packages.

2.1 Understand a word

processing package

Explain meaning of a word

processor

State the advantages and

use of word processors.

Explain the features of the

main, help and other menus.

White board

PC Loaded with

different

packages and

connected to an

OHP

Show ability to carry out

different assignments in

word processing

as may be determined

by the lecturer.

Assist student carry out

different assignments in word

processing

White board

PC in a networked

laboratory loaded

with different

packages and

connected to

internet.

2.1 (continued) Understand a

word processing package

Identify functions of word

processors in other

professional packages like in

desk top publishing

(Coreldraw, PageMaker, etc)

Explain use of document and

non-document text processing

including mail merging.

White board

PC Loaded with

different

packages and

connected to an

OHP

Show ability to carry out

different assignments in

word processing

as may be determined

by the lecturer.

Assist student carry out

different assignments in word

processing

White board

PC in a networked

laboratory loaded

with different

packages and

connected to

internet.

118

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

2.1 (continued) Understand a

word processing package

Explain the import of

graphics and the creation of

drawing objects,

Explain sharing of data with

other users

White board

PC Loaded with

different

packages and

connected to an

OHP

Show ability to carry out

different assignments in

word processing

as may be determined

by the lecturer.

Assist student carry out

different assignments in word

processing

White board

PC in a networked

laboratory loaded

with different

packages and

connected to

internet.

General Objective 3 (COM 123): Know electronic spread sheets.

3.1 Understand the concept of

a spread sheet.

3.2 Understand the use of a

spread sheet in a forecasting

project, financial analysis,

production scheduling and

control and other forms of

modelling.

List the types of existing

spread sheets.

Introduce spread sheet

concepts.

Explain the use of spread

sheet in a forecasting

project, financial analysis,

production scheduling and

control and other forms of

modelling.

White board

PC Loaded with

different

packages and

connected to an

OHP

Show ability to carry out

different assignments in

spreadsheets

as may be determined

by the lecturer.

Assist student carry out

different assignments in

spreadsheets

White board

PC in a networked

laboratory loaded

with different

packages and

connected to

internet.

3.3 Understand the use of

spread sheet to carry out

general statistical functions

using cell references in a

spreadsheet.

Explain carrying out general

statistical functions using

cell references in a

spreadsheet.

White board

PC Loaded with

different

packages and

connected to an

OHP

Show ability to carry out

different assignments in

spreadsheets

as may be determined

by the lecturer.

Assist student carry out

different assignments in

spreadsheets

White board

PC in a networked

laboratory loaded

with different

packages and

connected to

internet.

119

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

3.4 Understand the use of a

spread sheet to perform

specific accounting functions

and highlight data security

requirements on spread sheet

data.

3.5 Transfer information and

graphics between applications.

Explain performing specific

accounting functions using

spread sheets and highlight

data security requirements

on spread sheet data.

Explain formatting

worksheets and working

with formulas.

Explain transfer of

information and graphics

between applications.

White board

PC Loaded with

different

packages and

connected to an

OHP

Show ability to carry out

different assignments in

spreadsheets

as may be determined

by the lecturer.

Assist student carry out

different assignments in

spreadsheets

White board

PC in a networked

laboratory loaded

with different

packages and

connected to

internet.

General Objective 4 (COM 123): Know the fundamentals of accounting packages.

4.1 Understand areas in

accounting and financial

management prone to using

accounting packages.

4.2 Understand existing

accounting packages

highlighting facilities that make

each package unique (Peach

tree, DacEasy, Sage, Quick

brooks.

Explain

accounting and financial

management

Identify areas in accounting

to using accounting

packages.

Describe an overview of the

various types of available

existing accounting

packages highlighting

facilities that make each

package

Explain payroll, job costing,

invoicing and order

processing.

White board

PC Loaded with

different

packages and

connected to an

OHP

Show ability to carry out

different assignments in

accounting and payroll

as may be determined

by the lecturer.

Assist student carry out

different assignments in

accounting and payroll

White board

PC in a networked

laboratory loaded

with different

packages and

connected to

internet.

120

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

4.3 Understand the following

accounting system: general

ledger system, accounts

receivable, accounts payable,

4.4 Understand payroll, job

costing, invoicing and order

processing.

Explain

accounting and financial

management

Identify areas in accounting

to using accounting

packages.

Describe an overview of the

various types of available

existing accounting

packages highlighting

facilities that make each

package

Explain payroll, job costing,

invoicing and order

processing.

White board

PC Loaded with

different

packages and

connected to an

OHP

Show ability to carry out

different assignments in

accounting and payroll

as may be determined

by the lecturer.

Assist student carry out

different assignments in

accounting and payroll

White board

PC in a networked

laboratory loaded

with different

packages and

connected to

internet.

General Objective 5 (COM 123): Understand presentation packages.

5.1 Understand the functions of

a presentation package using

power point to illustrate.

Explain the functions of a

presentation package using

power point.

Explain types of

presentation

White board

PC Loaded with

different

packages and

connected to an

OHP

Show ability to carry out

different presentation

assignments as may be

determined by the

lecturer.

Assist student carry out

different

presentationassignments

White board

PC in a networked

laboratory loaded

with different

packages and

connected to

internet.

5.2 Understand types of

presentation presentations on

strategies, sales promotion,

training, marketing plan,

company meetings using the

auto content wizard and

templates.

Create presentations on

strategies, sales promotion,

training, marketing plan,

company meetings using

the auto content wizard and

templates.

White board

PC Loaded with

different

packages and

connected to an

OHP

Show ability to carry out

different presentation

assignments as may be

determined by the

lecturer.

Assist student carry out

different

presentationassignments

White board

PC in a networked

laboratory loaded

with different

packages and

connected to

internet.

121

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

5.3 Understand the use of

slides to illustrate different

views presentations.

Use slides to illustrate

different views

presentations.

White board

PC Loaded with

different

packages and

connected to an

OHP

Show ability to carry out

different presentation

assignments as may be

determined by the

lecturer.

Assist student carry out

different

presentationassignments

White board

PC in a networked

laboratory loaded

with different

packages and

connected to

internet.

General Objective 6 (COM 123): Know how to use education, medical and other packages.

6.1 Undertake a general

overview of educational,

medical and other packages

Explain an overview of

educational, medical and

other packages

White board

PC Loaded with

different

packages and

connected to an

OHP

Carry out anassignment

using a medical

package

Assist student to carry out an

assignment using a medical

package

White board

PC in a networked

laboratory loaded

with different

packages and

connected to

internet

6.1 (continued) Undertake a

general overview of

educational, medical and other

packages

Explain an overview of

educational, medical and

other packages

White board

PC Loaded with

different

packages and

connected to an

OHP

Carry out anassignment

using a medical

package

Assist student to carry out an

assignment using a medical

package

White board

PC in a networked

laboratory loaded

with different

packages and

connected to

internet

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:

Coursework/Assignments %; Course test %; Practical %; Projects %; Examination %

Type of Assessment Purpose and Nature of Assessment (COM 123) Weighting (%)

Examination Final Examination (written) to assess knowledge and understanding 60

Test At least 1 progress test for feed back. 20

Practical / Projects To be assessed by the teacher 20

Total 100

Recommended Textbooks & References:

122

NDII 1ST Semester

Course: Microbiology

Department/ Programme: National Diploma

Course: Microbiology Course Code: STM 211 Credit Hours: 4

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

1 hours/week

3 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand the history and scope of microbiology

2. Know the microscope examination of micro-organisms

3. Understand systematic microbiology

4. Understand growth of micro-organisms

5. Know the isolation, cultivation and preservation of different micro-organisms

6. Know the various methods of control of micro-organisms

123

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 1.0: Understand the History and Scope of Microbiology.

1.1 Outline the scope of microbiology

1.2 List the early scientists involved in the

development of the microscope and microbiology.

Refer students to

relevant texts and

asses their work

up.

Give assignment.

Classroom

and library

Examine a drop of pond

water under the light and

compound microscope

and identify micro-

organisms

Assist students to

make:- smears

hanging drops, whole

mounts, staining etc

Microscopes:

Light and

compound

Microscopes

1.3 Describe the role of the scientists in 1.2

above.

1.4 Explain the role of microbiology in medicine,

agricultural, industry etc.

Continue with the

experiment above

General Objective 2.0: Know the microscope examination of micro-organisms.

2.1 Explain the principle of microscopy.

2.2 Identify and describe all types of microscope

e.g. light microscope, compound microscope,

dark field, microscope, phase contrast

microscope, electro-microscope.

Lecture

Give assignment

Identify and distinguish

micro-organism

By using staining

techniques

Assist students to

make:- whole mounts,

staining etc

Microscopes:

Microscopes

Chemicals and

stains

2.3 Explain the application of each type of

microscope in 2.2 above in the study of

microbiology.

2.4 List and describe the various microbial

staining techniques e.g., spore stain, flagella stain

Differentiate between

Prokaryotes and

Eukaryotes.

Illustrate the various

diagnostic method to

identify the micro-

organisms

microscopic slides,

culture loops and

laboratories

reagents

General Objective 3.0: Understand Systematic Microbiology.

3.1 Describe the characteristics of micro-

organisms

3.2 Describe the morphological characteristics of

the following groups of micro-organism: Virus,

Bacteria, Rikettsiases, Mycoplasma, Protozoa,

Funji-Algae

lecture serological tests, oxidase

test, catalase test etc.

3.3 List and explain the morphological and

biochemical basis for classifying micro-organisms

e.g. (a) Morphological shape, possession of

flagella, capsule, vacuoles, chloroplasts etc. (b)

Biochemical-Classify the different groups of

microorganisms applying 3.4 above

Cultivation and

observation and

measurement of growth of

micro-organisms

(e.g. Rhizopod,

penicillium, e.coli, etc)

Supervise students Culture medium

And materials,

ovens,

microscopes,

stains etc

124

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week/s Specific Learning Outcomes Teacher's

activities

Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

General Objective 4.0: Understand the growth of micro-organisms.

Growth of Micro-organism

4.1 Explain the nutritional requirements of micro-

organisms

4.2 Explain the sources of nutrient for various

groups of micro-organisms.

lecture Classroom

resources

Prepare, sterilise and

preserve microbial growth

cultures.

Autoclave

Refrigerators

4.3 Explain the break down and use of food

molecules by micro-organisms.

4.4 Describe the microbial growth curve.

Pour and preserve growth

on petri dishes and on

agar slants.

Raw source of

carbohydrate

General Objective 5.0: Know the isolation, cultivation and preservation of different micro-organisms

9-11

List the main types of culture media used for

different groups of micro-organisms.

Describe the composition of each of the media in

5.1 above.

List other materials that can be added to

microbial growth media to enhance microbial

growth.

Describe various culture characteristic on agar

Describe the terms pure culture and mixed

culture.

Describe methods of maintaining pure cultures in

the laboratory.

lecture Classroom

resources

Prepare pure culture from

a mixed culture.

Inoculate bacteria

aerobically and

anaerobically using

incubator and jars.

Involve students in the

preparation of

culture media and sub-

culturing of micro-

organism.

Amino Acid

vitamins etc.

Autoclave

Incubators

Anaerobic jars

General Objective 6.0: Know the various methods of control of Micro-organisms.

12-14

List the reasons why micro-organisms should be

controlled.

Explain the terms sterilisation; disinfecting.

Describe various methods of (a) physical

Lecture

Assignments

Blackboard

Chalk

Charts

Monographs

Dusters

Application of Softy

precautions involved in

Microbiological works

Sterilise various laboratory

objects using the

Conduct practicals to

know the mode of

actions of inhibitors.

Demonstration of

aseptic techniques.

Autoclave

Petri dishes

Culture apparatus

Microscopes

stains

125

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disinfecting and sterilisation (b) chemical

disinfecting and sterilisation.

List and describe modes of action of various

chemical anti-microbial agents.

Explain the term inhibiting agents

autoclave.

Grow micro-organisms

(e.g.mucor, aspergillas)

under aseptic conditions

15 Describe the procedure for transporting culture

samples from one laboratory to the other.

Assessment:

Coursework/Assignments Course test 10 %; Practical 40 %; Examination 50 %

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Study guide to accompany microbiology by C.F.Norton

126

Course: Pests and Pest Control

Department/Programme: National Diploma

Course: Pests and Pest Control Course Code: STB 211 Credit Hours: 3

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

1 hours/week

2 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Know animal phyla containing pests

2. Know plant parasitic nematodes

3. Know the characteristics of the Importance orders of Insects of agricultural importance

4. Understand the Importance of Vertebrate Pests in our Agricultural Systems

5. Understand various crop Protection Techniques

6. Understand the formulation, types, protection and modes of action of pesticides

7. Understand the hazards that may result from the use of pesticides

127

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activities

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General Objective 1: Know animal phyla containing pests

1.1 List animal pests belonging to the phyla:

Nematoda, Mollusca, Arthropoda and

Chordata.

1.2 Classify Arthropoda pests into the

Insecta, Symphyla, (symphilids), Arachnids

(mites) the Diplopoda (Millipedes) and the

Crustacea (woodlice).

1.3 List and describe Molluscan pests i.e.

slugs and snails which are incompletely

adapted to land life

Lecture Chalkboard Identify the animals in

the lab.

Assist students live and preserved

specimens

General Objective 2: Know plant parasitic nematodes

2-4

2.1 Describe the life history of Globafera

rostochiensis

2.2 Describe the life history of Meloidogyne

incognita

2.3 List the major crops that are susceptible

to nematode attack.

2.4 Describe the various control measures

by which the level of nematode in the soil

can be reduced.

2.5 Explain the economic importance of

nematode infections.

Lecture Video tapes, Charts

showing destructive

activities of

nematodes

Identify the animals in

situ

Continue above

practical

Fields,

General Objective 3: Know the characteristics of the Importance orders of Insects of agricultural importance

3.1 Describe the Diagnostic features of the

following orders (a) Hemiptera, (b)

Lipidoptera, (c) Coleoptera (d) Diptera (e)

Hymenoptera

3.2 Explain the life history, mouth parts and

special adaptive features of members of the

orders Hemiptera and Lepidopteron i.e. plant

bugs and butterflies and moths.

Lecture Examine dry mount of

mouthparts of insects

in 3.2 and draw

Assist to make

dry mount of

mouth part and

examine

specimens

128

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General Objective 4: Understand the Importance of Vertebrate Pests in our Agricultural Systems

6-7

Vertebrate Pests in Agriculture

4.1 Describe the diagnostic features of birds

and mammals.

4.2 Describe the menace rodents, squirrels,

monkeys, elephants warthogs constitute of

the farms.

4.3 Explain the role of birds in ravaging on

cereals e.g. partridge, quelea birds.

4.4 List and describe the measures adopted

in the control of rats, mice and roaches.

Lecture Films, Video, Charts

and other teaching

aids

General Objective 5: Understand various crop Protection Techniques

8-9

5.1 Describe the use of resistant varieties of

crops to overcome pests.

5.2 Explain elimination of alternative host

plants.

5.3 Describe biological techniques applied in

the control of pests.

5.4 Enumerate factors considered in

biological control of pests

Lecture

Let the students

know that this an

applied aspect of

genetics

apply a biological

technique to control a

pest in the

greenhouse

10-11

5.5 Describe cultural methods adopted in the

control of various pests.

5.6 Explain the advantages and

disadvantages of cultural pest control

methods.

5.7 Describe chemical methods adopted in

the control of pests.

5.8 Explain integrated pest management as

a techniques of pest control involving more

than one method of pest control.

demonstrate the use

of pheromones in the

control of pests

General Objective 6: Understand the formulation, types, protection and modes of action of pesticides

12-14

6.1 Define pesticides.

6.2 Describe types of pesticides formulations

liquid formulation - emulsified concentrates

e.g. flowables, aerosols and liquefied gases;

6.3 Explain the factors affecting pesticide

Lecture Prepare and apply

pesticides to control

insect pests and

rodents.

Various components of

pesticides, appliances

used in the application of

pesticide

Glass house

129

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activity.

6.4 Classify with examples pesticides into

insecticides, agaricides, nematicides,

fungicides, herbicides, rodenticides,

molluscicides, repellents, attractants, plant

growth regulators.

6.5 Explain the grouping of pesticides into

inorganic, plant derived, organic and

synthetic pesticides.

6.6 Explain the functioning of pesticides as

protectants sterilants, contacts, stomach

poisons, systemics, translocated herbicides

and fumigants.

6.7 Describe the various methods of

application of pesticides.

General Objective 7 Understand the hazards that may result from the use of pesticides

7.1 Enumerate the precautions necessary for

safe use of pesticides.

7.2 List the hazards of pesticide use, to man

and environment.

7.3 Explain the first aid procedures to be

adopted in case of pesticide poisoning of

humans.

7.4 Describe the precautions to be taken in

pesticide transportation and storage.

7.5 Describe the maintenance of pesticide

equipment.

Lecture

Assessment:

Coursework/Assignments 10%; Practical 40 %; Examination 50%

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Biology: A Functional Approach, by Michael Roberts, Nelson Thornes (Publishers) Ltd

Pest Management in Horticulture Crops : Principles and Practices/edited by L.R. Verma, A.K. Verma and D.C. Gautam. New Delhi, Asiatech Pub., 2004

130

Course: Pathology

Department/ Programme: SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

Subject/Course: Pathology Course Code: STB 212 Credit Hours: 3

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

1 hours/week

2 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Know common terminologies in parasitology

2. Know diseases caused by protozoan

3. Know parasitic platy helminthes of medicical and veterinary importance

4. Know diseases caused by nematodes

5. Understand the nature of gland diseases and their transmission and control

131

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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activities

Resources

General Objective 1.0: Know Common Terminologies in Parasitology

1 - 2

Terminologies in Parasitology

1.1 Define the following terminologies in

parasitism with examples:- symbiosis, parasitism,

commensalisms, horesis, definitive host,

termediate host and vector.

1.2 Describe adaptations to parasitism

Lecture and

assignments

Classroom

General Objective 2.0: Know diseases caused by Protozoan

3 - 5

Protozoans

2.1 Describe the life-cycle, mode of infection and

economic importance of the following protozoan

class:

Rhizopoda-Entamoeba histolytica, Mastigophora-

Trypanosoma gambienze T rhodisence of

T.brucei, Sporozoa e.g Plasmodium.

2.2 Describe the methods of control of infection

by the protozoa listed in 2.1 above.

Lecture Classroom Examine blood, stool for living

specimens of protozoa in 2.1

above.

Draw from prepared slides of

specimens in 2.1 above.

Guide

students in

the practical

works.

Guide

students in

the drawing.

Stool and Blood

specimens containing

Protozoan,

Prepare slide of the

protozoa.

General Objective 3.0: Know parasitic platy helminthes of medicine and veterinary importance

6 - 7

3.1 Describe the life history, location of parasites

within the host and economic importance of

Trematodes e.g. Fasciola hepatica or T gigantica,

Schist soma mansoni and S. haematobium,

Taenia saginata and I solium

3.2 Describe mode of transmission of each type

of trematodes and cestodes listed in above.

3.3 Describe preventive/control measures against

trematodes and cestodes.

Lecture Classroom

resources.

Collect urine and stool

specimens to detect presence of

parasites listed in 3.1.

Draw specimens of adult

parasites and eggs from

prepared slides

Guide

students in

the practical

work.

Urine contaminated with

the parasites Microscopes,

slides, spirit lamps,

inoculation loop.

Microscopes.

132

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activities

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General Objective 4.0: Know diseases caused by nematodes

7 - 9

Nematode Infections

4.1 Describe the life-history and economic

importance of Ascaris lumbricoides, the

hookworms of man Ancylostoma and Necator,,

the filarial worms - Wuchereria bancrafti,

Onchocera volvolus and or Loa loa and Guinea

worm, Dracunculus medinensis.

4.2 Describe the mode of transmission and agent

of disease in 4.1 above.

4.3 Describe the methods of control of parasites

in 4.1 above.

Lecture Classroom

resources

Examine infected stool for eggs

of parasite and also blood or

tissue fluid for larvae of parasites

listed in 4.1 above.

Guide

students in

the practical

work.

Stool, blood, tissue, fluid,

microscopes slides etc.

Microscopes magnifying

glass.

General Objective 5.0: Understanding the nature of Gland diseases and their transmission and control

10 - 12

5.1 Outline the scope of plant pathology.

5.2 Explain the following basic terminologies in

plant pathology; pathogen, parasites,

pathogenesis.

5.3 Describe the general nature of fungal

diseases of plants.

5.4 Describe the general nature of bacterial

diseases of plants.

5.5 Describe the general nature of viral diseases

of plants.

5.6 Describe the generalized structure and life

cycle of a viral particle.

5.7 Describe the epidemiology, causative agents

lifecycle and control of the following fungal

diseases: black pod of cocoa, damping off of

seedling, leaf spot of groundnut; rusts and smuts

of maize, rice, blast.

Lecture Classroom

resources.

Make prepare slide from infected

plant.

Collect and examine

macroscopically and

microscopically infected plant

specimens and identified the

pathogens causing diseases in

them.

Guide

students in

the practical.

Infected plant parts e.g.

fruits, seeds, leaves, stem,

seedlings. Also culture

media microscopes,

prepared slides

Microscopes

133

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Resources

13-15

5.8 Describe the epidemiology of the following

bacterial diseases, blights of Soya beans, urlt off

disease; citrus canker; bacterial spot of tomato.

5.9 Describe the epidemiology of the following

viral diseases, cocoa swollen shoot, cassava

mosaic.

5.10 Describe the life history of vectors of plant

diseases of aphids.

5.11 Explain the Koch's postulates of establishing

pathogen city of disease.

5.12 Describe the general principles of plant

disease control-exclusion, eradication, protection

and resistance or immunization principles.

5.13 Explain the application of the control

principles to specific plant disease.

Assessment:

Coursework/ Assignments 10%; Practical 40%; Examination 50 %

Recommended Textbooks & References:

(1) Biology: A Functional Approach by M.B.U. Roberts.

(2) Study Guide to accompany Microbiology by Cynthia Friend Norton.

(3) Introduction to Biology (2nd West African Edition) by D.G. MaCkean

(4) A. Modern Course in Biology by M. Deardem.

(5) Parasitology and Vector Biology (2nd Edition). Marquardt, W.C., Demaree, R.S. & Grieve, R.B published by Harcourt/Academic Press

134

Course: Inorganic Chemistry II

Department/Programme: National Diploma

Course: Inorganic Chemistry II Course Code: STC 211 Credit Hours: 3

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

1 hours/week

2 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand the relation of alkali and alkaline metals to atoms

2. Understand the electronic configuration of group 1 elements

3. Understand the electronic configuration of group 2 elements

4. Understand the gradation in properties of elements

5. Understand the effects of the presence of group II metal ions in water

6. Understand relationships in properties of elements of group III and group IV

7. Understand the occurrences, properties and reactions of the halogens

135

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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General Objective 1: Understand the relation of alkali and alkaline metals to atoms

1-2

On completion of this course, the

student should be able to:-

1.1 Explain that the alkali metals are

all group 1 elements and have one

electron in their outer most orbital.

1.2 List the elements in group 1 as in

1.1 above

1.3 Write the electronic configuration

of the atoms of these elements in

group 1 in terms of s,p,d orbital.

1.4 Explain the following properties of

some metals based on their atomic

sizes:-

a) Softness

b) Low density

c) Low melting point.

Lecture Classroom

resources

students handle models

of s, p and d orbitals

guide students models (or model making

materials such as modelling

baloons)

General Objective 2: Understand the electronic configuration of group 1 elements

2.1 Explain why the electronic

configuration of these elements in 1.4

above confers many similarities in

chemical behaviour on them e.g.

a) reactivity

b) univalence

c) formation of ionic

compounds

d) strong reducing

agents

e) low ionization

energy

Lecture Classroom

resources

Lecturer (NOT student)

performs demonstration

of the reactivity of Li, Na

and K in water

Do the demonstrat'n do not

allow students to do it.

chemicals safety screen test tubes

etc

www.chemsoc.org/pdf/learnnet/

classicdemos/Alkalimetals.pdf

136

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2.2 Describe changes in the general

properties of the atom and the

corresponding ions of these elements

in group 1 on descending the group

viz: atomic size, ionic size, ionization

energy, electroegativity.

2.3 Explain the differences between

lithium and the other group 1

elements

Lecturer (NOT student)

performs demonstration

of the reactivity of Li, Na

and K in concentrated

HCl

General Objective: 3 Understand the electronic configuration of group 2 elements

3.1 Describe the electronic

configuration of alkaline earth metals-

group II.

3.2 List the elements in group II.

3.3 Describe changes in the general

properties of the atom and the

corresponding ions of these elements

in group II on descending the group

viz: atomic size, ionic size, ionization

energy, electroegativity.

Lecture Classroom

resources

Demonstrate the

reactivity of Mg and Ca

in water and in some

acidic solvents

do the demonstration do not

allow students to do so

eye protection

see www.chemsoc.org/networks/

learnnet/classic_exp.htm

General Objective 4: Understand the gradation in properties of elements

4.1 Describe the gradation in the

properties of the elements in group II

in terms of metallic characteristics

and chemical behaviour.

4.2 Relate the properties shown by

elements in groups I and II with

respect to:-

a) electronic

configuration;

b) atomic and ionic

radii

c) ionization energies

d) lattice and bond

energies

Lecture Classroom

resources

React Mg with dilute

HCl and measure the

volume of H2 gas

produced by using an

inverted burette.

Guide and supervise students eye protection

see www.chemsoc.org/networks/

learnnet/classic_exp.htm

137

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7-8

4.3 Explain the similarities between

alkali metals and alkaline earth

metals.

4.4 Explain the differences between

alkali and alkaline earth metals.

4.5 Explain the anomalous behaviour

of beryllium

4.6 Explain reasons why lithium

resembled group II metals.

Investigate the ease of

decomposition of Na, K,

Pb and Cu carbonates

see above

bunsen test tubes retort stands etc

General Objective 5: Understand the effects of the presence of group II metal ions in water

9-11

5.1 Relate the presence of Ca++ and

Mg++ ion in water to hardness of

water.

5.2 Differentiate between temporary

and permanent hardness.

5.3 State the disadvantages of hard

water

5.4 Describe methods of removal of

hardness.

5.5 Explain how the complexity agent

EDTA may be used to estimate the

amount of Ca++ and Mg++ present in

water.

Lecture

Classroom

resources

Classroom

resources

Remove water hardness

by distillation, addition

Mg2 CO3

Determine hardness of

water using EDTA

titration.

Guide the students Laboratory resources

Laboratory resources

General Objective 6: Understand relationships in properties of elements of group III and group IV

12-14

6.1 List the elements in groups III and

iV respectively.

6.2 Write the electronic configuration

of the elements in group III and IV

6.3 Describe the gradation in the

properties of the elements of groups

III and IV with respect to:-

a) metallic

characteristics

b) nature of bonding

in their chlorides

Lecture Classroom

resources

Investigate the

properties of carbon

(lead from a pencil) and

aluminium (aluminium

foil) by testing

conductivity and

reaction with acid

Investigate the reactivity

of halogens

see

www.chemsoc.org/networks/

learnnet/classic_exp.htm

chlorine, bromine, and iodine

water indicator paper KCl, KBr,

and KI

138

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c) relative stability of

their oxidation state.

d) Acidic/basic nature

of their oxides.

6.4 Explain the diagonal relationship

between Boron and Silicon

6.5 Explain why properties of the first

element in the group differ from those

of the other members.

6.6 Relate properties of the elements

in groups III and IV to their uses.

General Objective 7 Understand the occurrences, properties and reactions of the halogens

7.1 List the halogens.

7.2 Describe the occurrences of

halogens in nature.

7.3 Write the electronic configuration

of the halogens.

7.4 Describe the elemental forms of

group VII elements.

7.5 Describe the physical and

chemical properties of fluorine,

chlorine, Bromide and Iodine.

7.6 Compare the acid strengths of

fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine

7.7 Describe the preparation and

properties of oxycompounds of

halogens, oxyacids of chlorine.

Lecture Classroom

resources

Identify fluorine,

chloride, bromide and

Iodine ions in the

laboratory

Reaction of Iodine with

zinc to give a salt

test tubes, alcohol, iodine,

thermometer test tubes filter paper

etc

139

Assessment:

Course test 10 %; Practical 40 % Examination 50%

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Chemistry by M.J. Sienko and R.A. Plane (Mc Graw Hill)

Chemistry (The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change) by M.S. Silberberg published by Mc Graw Hill

Classic Chemistry Experiments published by The Royal Society of Chemistry (UK) and free on the internet at

http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/classic_exp.htm

Salters Advanced Chemistry Activities and Assessment Pack published by Heinemann

140

Course: Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Quality Control

Programme: ND Science Lab. Technology

Course: Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Quality Control Course Code: STC 212 Credit Hours: 5

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

hours/week 2

hours /week 3

General Objectives

1. Understand the principles of spectrophotometry

2. Understand the principles of atomic spectroscopy

3. Understand the principles of ion selective electrodes

4. Understand the principles of mass spectrometry

5. Understand the principles of NMR

6. Further understand the techniques of HPLC and GC

7. Understand the principles of Quality Control

141

Theoretical Content Practical Content

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Resources

General Objective 1:

1.1. Revise the properties of light, including

frequency, wavelength and energy

1.2. Discuss the electromagnetic spectrum

1.3. Relate the energy associated with different

regions of the electromagnetic spectrum to

interactions with matter. E.g. electronic and

molecular absorption, molecular vibrations and

rotation and proton orientation in magnetic field.

Lectures Classroom

resources

Use of prisms and

diffraction gratings to

explore the properties of

light

Demonstrate and

allow students to

explore

Prisms, diffraction

gratings, light

source

1.4. Understand the basic principles of light

absorption

1.5. Understand the Beer-Lambert law and its

limitations

1.6. Discuss emission spectra

1.7. Describe the instrumental set-up of single and

double beam spectrophotometers

1.8. Understand the characteristics of UV-Visible

absorption spectroscopy

Lecture Classroom

resources

Determination of

phosphate in cola by UV-

visible spectrometry

Demonstrate and

guide students

Spectrometer,

cola samples,

phosphate

standards

1.9. Understand the characteristics of Infrared

spectroscopy, including fourier transform and

interferometry

1.10. Understand the principles of flow injection

analysis and how it can be applied to spectroscopy

1.11. Discuss the principles and applications of

immunoassays

Lecture Classroom

resources

Determination of Cr(VI) in

water by UV-Visible

spectrometry

Guide students

General Objective 2: Understand the principles of atomic spectroscopy

2.1 Discuss the principles of atomic spectroscopy

2.2 Discuss different methods to atomise samples -

flames, furnaces and plasmas

2.3 Discuss the effect of temperature on atomic

spectroscopy - Boltzmann distribution

2.4 Understand the principles of Atomic Emission

Spectroscopy (AES)

2.5 Discuss flame emission spectroscopy

2.6 Explain the relationship between the emission

intensity of colour flame and concentration of

Explain with

relevant examples

Classroom

resources

Determine alkali and

alkaline earth metals using

flame photometer (flame

AES)

Guide students in

sample

preparation,

demonstrate

equipment

142

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substance

2.7 Understand how a flame photometer works

2.8 Draw a schematic diagram of a flame

photometer

2.9 Understand the applications of flame emission

spectroscopy, including flame photometry

2.10 Understand the principles of Atomic

Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and how it differs

to AES

2.11 Discuss the application of the Hollow Cathode

Lamp (HCL) as a light source

2.12 Discuss applications and sensitivity of AAS

Lectures Classroom

resources

Determination of copper in

aqueous solution using

AAS and the method of

standard additions

Guide students in

sample

preparation,

demonstrate

equipment

General Objectives: 3 Understand the principles of ion selective electrodes

2.1 Understand how the Nernst equation can be

applied to ISEs

2.2 Understand the relationship between activity

and concentration

2.3 Discuss the effect of ionic strength on activity

and the use of TISAB in ISE experiments

2.4 Discuss the selectivity of ISEs

2.5 Calculate the percentage error from interfering

species

Lectures Classroom

resources,

calculators

Use of pH electrode in a

titration

Demonstrate and

guide students

2.6 Describe the glass membrane electrode (pH)

2.7 Discuss the possible errors in pH measurement

2.8 Describe the types of solid state membrane

ISEs

2.9 Discuss one or two examples of solid state

ISEs e.g. fluoride electrode

2.10 Describe ion exchange and liquid membrane

electrodes

2.11 Discuss one or two examples of ion exchange

and liquid membrane ISEs e.g. Ca2+

2.12 Briefly discuss gas sensing electrodes

2.13 Discuss calibration of ISEs

Lectures Classroom

materials

Analyse the fluoride

content in toothpaste and

tap water using the fluoride

ISE

Demonstrate and

guide students

Toothpaste, tap

water (spiked if

necessary),

fluoride ISE

143

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General Objective 4: Understand the principles of mass spectrometry

4.1 Discuss the various elements of a mass

spectrometer: ioniser, ion analyser, detector

4.2 Draw a schematic of a mass spectrometer

4.3 Understand the basic principles of mass

spectrometry

4.4 Discuss the applications of mass spectrometry

e.g. determination of RAM, RMM and molecular

formulae

Lectures Classroom

resources

Determination of caffeine

by UV-visible spectrometry

Guide students Spectrometer at

274 nm

4.5 Understand how to identify the molecular ion in

a mass spectra and relevant isotopes

4.6 Discuss how to identify possible fragmentations

for compounds

4.7 Interpret basic mass spectra

Lectures Classroom

resources,

sample mass

spectra

Experiment: preparation

and then analyse printed

mass spectra for sample.

General Objective 5: Introduction to proton NMR spectroscopy

5.1 Discuss how chemically distinct hydrogens

produce a resonance in the NMR spectra

5.2 Discuss how integration provides information

on the relative numbers of different hydrogens

5.3 Discuss the basic principles of chemical shift

5.4 Understand the concept of splitting (without J

numbers)

Lectures Classroom

resources

Determination of sodium,

calcium and potassium in

tap water by flame

photometry (flame AES)

Guide students

5.5 Interpret basic NMR spectra without splitting

(using printed examples)

5.6 Interpret basic NMR spectra with simple

splitting (using printed examples)

5.7 Predict NMR spectra for simple examples

Lectures/workshop Classroom

resources,

sample NMR

spectra

Analyse printed NMR

spectra

Guide students Sample NMR

spectra

General Objective 6: Further understanding of HPLC and GC

6.1 Discuss the effect of migration rates and zone

broadening on resolution of chromatographic techniques

6.2 Discuss the types of detector systems used for

GC: Flame Ionisation Detectors (FID), Thermal

Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Sulphur

Chemiluminescence Detector (SCD), Electron

Capture Detector (ECD), Atomic Emission Detector

(AED), Thermionic Detectors (TID), Flame

Lecture Classroom

resources

Determination of caffeine

and aspirin in analgesic

remedies by HPLC.

Compare results with UV-

Vis experiment

Demonstrate

techniques and

guide students

144

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Resources

Photometric Detector (FPD)

6.3 Discuss stationary phases and types of column

(packed and open tubular columns) and their

applications

6.4 Draw a schematic of a gas chromatograph

6.5 Discuss the retention index (I) as a means of

identifying solutes from a chromatogram

6.6 Discuss how GC may be coupled to mass

spectrometry and FTIR and what advantages this

gives

6.7 Understand the properties of liquid

chromatographic columns and packings for HPLC

6.8 Discuss mobile phase selection

6.9 Discuss the types of detectors used in HPLC

e.g. absorbance, fluorescence, electrochemical,

FTIR, mass spectrometry etc

6.10 Discuss applications of HPLC

Guide students Classroom

resources

Determination of

benziodiazapines (namely

nitrazepam and diazepam)

in proprietary tablets using

HPLC

Guide students

General Objective 7: Understand the principles of Quality Control

7.1 Discuss the role of Good Laboratory Practice

and Quality Control in the laboratory

7.2 Discuss the ISO 9000 series of standards for

quality assurance and quality management.

7.3 Understand the need for Certified Reference

Materials (CRM)

7.4 Discuss the role of Standard Operating

Procedures (SOP) and what they should cover.

7.5 Understand how to write and follow an SOP

Lectures Classroom

resources

Follow an SOP, including

sample preparation and

results analysis (open

choice of method).

Guide students Resources for

chosen

experiment

7.6 Discuss the validation of analytical methods:

specificity or selectivity; accuracy; precision;

recovery; range; interferences.

7.7 Discuss the role and scope of accredited

laboratories and the accreditation procedure

7.8 Discuss the use of quality control charts and

other documentation

7.9 Discuss the use of CRMs and statistics for

Inter-laboratory trials

Lectures Classroom

resources

Compare class results of

above experiment as part

of an 'inter-laboratory trial'

Guide students

and set up

collaboration and

discussion of

results

Blackboard, chalk,

calculators

145

Assessment:

Coursework/Assignments Course test 10%; Practical 40%; Examination 50%

Recommended Textbooks & References:

D.A. Skoog, F.J. Holler and T.A. Nieman, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Fifth Edition. Thomson Learning. 1998.

J.N. Miller and J.C. Miller. Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry. Fourth Edition. Prentice Hall. 2000.

D.C. Harris. "Quantitative Chemical Analysis", 6th Edition, Freeman, New York. 2002.

D.A. Skoog, D.M. West & F.J. Holler. "Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry", 7th edition. Saunders and Holt, New York. 1996

R. Kellner, J.-M. Mermet, M. Otto & H.M. Widmer (eds.). "Analytical Chemistry" Wiley-VCH, Chichester. 1998

R. Levinson. More modern Chemical Techniques. The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2001

P.A. Carson & N.J. Dent (eds,) Good Laboratory and clinical practices, Techniques for the quality assurance professional. Heinemann Newnes. 1990.

M. Parkany (ed.) Quality Assurance for Analytical Laboratories. The Royal Society of Chemistry. 1993.

See also Journal of Chemical Education, published by the Division of Chemical Education of the American Chemical Society

146

Course: Electronics

Department/Programme: National Diploma Science Laboratory Technology

Course: Electronics Course Code: STP 211 Credit Hours: 4

Year: 2 Semester: 1 Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

1 hours/week

3 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand the basic concepts of semiconductors

2. Understand the construction, operation and simple application of p-n junction diodes

3. Understand the construction, operation and characteristics of bipolar transistors and circuit properties of the three transistor configurations

4. Understand the construction and characteristics of vacuum triodes, tetrode and pentode valves

147

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General Objective 1: Understand the basic concepts of semiconductors

1-2

Semi Conductor Theory

1.1 Explain electronic structure of

elements

1.2 Explain covalent bonds,

valency band, conduction band

and energy gap for forbidden

energy band.

1.3 Explain discrete energy levels

in atoms

1.4 Draw the energy band

structure for a conductor, a semi-

conductor and an insulator.

1.5 Explain the properties of a

semiconductor in relation to

conductors and insulators.

1.6 State the two common types

of semiconductor materials,

silicon and germanium.

1.7 Explain qualitatively the

structure of intrinsic n- type and p-

type semiconductors.

1.8 Explain electrical conduction

as apparent movement of holes in

p-type semiconductor material

and movement of electrons in n-

type semiconductor material.

1.9 State the effect of

temperature change on intrinsic

conduction in semiconductors.

Lecture

Illustrate with diagrams.

Make a list of insulators,

conductors and

semiconductors and ask

the students to group

them under the heading

insulator, semiconductors

and conductors

Classroom

resources

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General Objective 2: 0 Understand the construction, operation and simple application of p-n junction diodes

3-5

2.1 Explain the formation of the

depletion region and the junction

potential when ap-type and an n-

type semiconductors are brought

in contact.

2.2 Draw a p-n junction

connected in the:-

a) forward bias mode and

b) reverse bias mode, indicating

for each case the current flow in

the diode and external circuit.

2.3 Explain the action of a p-n

junction diode in the:-

a) forward bias mode

b) reverse bias mode

2.4 Describe with aid of diagram

construction of a diode.

2.5 Compare the typical static

characteristics for germanium and

silicon diodes to illustrate different

in forward voltage drop and

reverse current.

2.6 State the diode equation for

the current flowing at a given

applied voltage and temperature

and define the symbols used.

2.7 Explain the dynamic (or a.c.)

resistance of a diode at a given

d.c. voltage.

2.8 Explain reverse saturation

current, breakdown voltage and

the importance of considering the

peak inverse voltage of the diode.

Lecture and use

diagrams to illustrate.

Classroom

resources

Demonstrate the

action of p-n junction

diode in the

i forward bias

mode

ii reverse bias

mode

Determine

experimentally the

current/voltage static

characteristic of a

germanium and

silicon diode

Students should observe what

happens when a diode is reversed

biased and forward biased

Students should perform the

experiment to determine

static characteristic of a germanium

and silicon diode

A multimeter

Silicon diode,

germanium diode, a

rheostat, a voltmeter,

a milliammeter, a

micro- ammeter,

power supply in the

range 0 - 50 volts

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6-7

2.9 State the applications of the

following diodes and draw the

circuit symbols of each :-

a) Power diodes

b) Zener diodes

c) Signal diodes

and

d) Varactor

diodes

e) Tunnel diode

f) Light emitting

diode (LED)

g) Photo diode

2.10 Explain the action of a

semiconductor diode as a half

wave rectifier and full wave

rectifier illustrating with sketches

of the circuit diagrams and wave

forms of the applied a.c. voltage

and the load current or load

voltage for a resistive load.

2.11 Explain avalanche effect and

zener effect as the two

breakdown mechanisms in

semiconductor diodes.

2.12 Draw the static characteristic

of a zener diode relating it to that

of a conventional diode.

Lecture Classroom

resources

Identify the following

diodes:-

Power diodes

Zener diodes

Signal diodes

Veractor diodes

Tunnel diode

Light emitting diode

(LED)

Photo diode

Demonstrate

rectification

Perform an

experiment to

determine the static

characteristic of a

Zener diode

Make available the diodes in

question and identify each of them

With the use of oscilloscope show

the students what is meant by

rectification of signals

Students should perform an

experiment to determine the static

characteristic of a Zener diode

Power diodes

Zener diodes

Signal diodes and

Varactor diodes

Tunnel diode

Light emitting diode

(LED)

Photo diode

Oscilloscope, AC

source, rectifiers, wire

connectors and keys.

DC volt meter,

milliammetre (DC),

connection wires,

resistor, a rheostat

and source of emf

General Objective 3: Understand the construction, operation and characteristics of bipolar transistors and circuit properties of the three

transistor configurations

8-9

Semi Conductor devices

(Bipolar Junction)

3.1 Describe with the help of

diagrams and circuit symbols the

construction of a bipolar junction

Lecture

Classroom

resources

Identify the two

types of bipolar

transistors

Students should be shown the

PNP, and NPN transistors

PNP, and NPN

transistors

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transistor as:

a) an n-p-n transistor and /or

b) a p-n-p transistor

3.2 Identify the electrodes of the

bipolar transistor as emitter, base

and collector.

3.3 State the three transistor

configurations as common base

(CB), common emitter (CE) and

common collector (CC)

3.4 Draw the n-p-n and p-n-p

transistors connected in the

common base and common

emitter configurations with their

associated biasing supplies.

Show the directions of the

currents:Ic, Ib and Ie

3.5 State the following:

i) The current flowing in the

transistor including the collector

leakage current I ICBO

ii) The relation between the

collector current IC' emitter current

IE and base current IB (viz Ie = Ic +

Ib)

iii) Relation between the collector

current, emitter current and

leakage current (viz IC = hFB IE

+ICBO) Relation between the

collector current, base current

and leakage current from C - B

mode

(IC = hfB Ie + ICBO

Lecture

State that the emitter

base junction is always

forward biased while the

collector base junction is

always reversed biased

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10-12

3.6 List the circuit properties of

the three transistor configuration

such as input resistance, output

resistance, current gains, voltage

gains and phase relation between

input and output.

3.7 Sketch a circuit diagram for

determining common base static

characteristics.

3.8 Explain the method of

obtaining the CB static

characteristics.

3.9 Plot and describe typical

families of curves of

i) IC/Vcb (out-put characteristics)

ii) Veb/Ie (input characteristics)

iii) Ic/Ie (transfer characteristics)

3.10 Sketch a circuit diagram for

determining the common emitter

static characteristics.

3.11 Plot and describe typical

families of curves of:

i) Ic-Vce (out-put characteristics)

ii) Vbe-Ib (in-put characteristics)

iii) Ic - Ib (transfer characteristics)

Determine

experimentally CB

static characteristics

of bipolar transistors

Determine

experimentally the

common-emitter

static characteristics

of a transistor

Students should carry out

experiments to determine the

common base static characteristics

of a transistor.

Plot the output characteristics, input

characteristics and transfer

characteristics

Students should perform

experiments to determine the

common emitter static

characteristics of a transistor. Plot

the output characteristics, the input

characteristics and transfer

characteristics. They should obtain

the output resistance, the input

resistance and the current gain

from the plotted characteristics

General Objective 4: Know the construction and characteristics of vacuum triodes, tetrode and pentode valves

Vacuum Diodes and Multi-Grid

Valves

4.1 Draw and label diagrams of

triode construction and its circuit

symbol.

4.2 Describe the principles of

operation of triodes.

4.3 Explain the effect of the

control grid on the anode.

4.4 Sketch a circuit diagram for

determining the static

Lecture Classroom

resources

Identify the different

types of valves.

Students should be made to identify

the different types of valve

Diode valve, triode

valve, tetrode valve

and pentode valve

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characteristics of a triode.

4.5 Sketch typical families of

curves of Ia - Va (output

characteristics) and Ia - Vg

(transfer characteristics) of a

triode.

4.6 Explain that the input

resistance is high since the grid

current is normally negligible.

4.7 Define anode slope resistance

ra, mutual conductance gm and

amplification factor u

4.8 State relationship between ra,

gm and u for a triode equivalent

circuit.

14-15

4.9 Explain the purpose of the

screen grid on the tetrode, (to

eliminate the high frequency

feedback by the grid to anode

capacitance Cga)

4.10 Sketch typical tetrode anode

characteristics and screen grid

characteristics.

4.11 Explain how the kink in the

characteristics as due to

secondary emission from the

anode.

4.12 Explain how the kink in the

characteristics limits the use of

tetrode as amplifier.

4.13 Sketch the circuit symbol of

the pentode indicating anode,

cathode heater filament, control

grid, screen grid and suppressor

grid.

4.14 Explain that the suppressor

grid eliminates the secondary

Lecture and use

diagrams to illustrate.

Solve numerical

problems associated with

the concepts.

Classroom

resources

Determination of the

static characteristics

of either a triode or

pentode

Students should perform an

experiment to determine the static

characteristics of a triode or

pentode.

Triode, Pentode

valves, Milliammeters,

Volt meters, Rheostat

wire connectors,

Electrical keys.

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emission effects and reduces

anode to grid capacitance, Cga.

4.15 Sketch typical families of

curves of Ia - Va (output

characteristics).

4.16 Define anode slope

resistance ra, mutual

conductance Cm and

amplification factor for

comparison.

4.17 List typical value of these

parameter for the vacuum triode

and pentode for comparison.

4.18 Explain the relative

advantages and disadvantages of

transistors over vacuum tubes.

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:

Coursework/Assignments 10%; Course test 20%; Practical 30%; Examination 40%

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Principles of Electronics by T. Duncan,

A Manual of Laboratory Experiment in Electronics by C.O. Oroge

154

Course: Thermodynamics & Electromagnetism

Programme: National Diploma Science Laboratory Technology

Course: Thermodynamics & Electromagnetism Course Code: STP 212 Credit Hours: 3

Year: 2 Semester: I Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

hours/week 1

hours /week 2

General Objectives

1. Understand the first law of thermodynamics and its applications

2. Understand the second law of thermodynamics and its applications

3. Understand the Magnetic effect of current and its applications

4. Understand the concept of electromagnetic induction and its application

5. Understand the principles of a.c. circuits and their applications

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General Objective 1: Understand the first law of thermodynamics and its applications

First Law of Thermodynamics

1.1 Explain the principle of conservation

of energy.

1.2 State the first law of

thermodynamics:-

D Q =du + dw where dQ ia mount of

Heat

supplied to the system, du is resultant

increase in the internal energy of the

system, dw is the increase in the

external

work done.

1.3 Explain the following:

i) Isothermal change

ii) Adiabatic change

iii) Isochoric change/is volumetric

iv) Isobaric change

1.4 Apply the first law of

thermodynamics to change in 6.3

above.

1.5 Explain the concept of work done on

or by a gas.

1.6 Write the expressions for work done

a gas during:

i) Isothermal change.

ii) Adiabatic change

1.7 Explain the internal energy changes

in a system.

1.8 Distinguish between Cp and Cv

where Cp = specific heat capacity at

constant pressure.

Cv = specific heat capacity at constant

volume.

1.9 Interpret the ratio Cp/Cv for gases.

1.10 Write the expression for the

Lecture

Lecture and give

numerical examples and

assignments

Lecture and give

numerical examples and

assignments

Solve some numerical

problems and give

assignments

Classroom

resources

Classroom

resources

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difference between specific heat

capacities of an ideal gas.

1.11 Calculate the ratio of specific heat

capacities at constant pressure to that

at constant volume of gases when the

appropriate parameters are given.

1.12 Calculate the final pressure and

temperature of gases compressed

adiabatically and isothermally using the

appropriate equations when the initial

temperature, initial pressure and final

volume are given.

General Objective 2: Understand the second law of thermodynamics and its applications

Second Law of Thermodynamics and

Applications

2.1 State the equation of state of an

ideal gas.

2.2 Explain that the internal energy of

an gas depends on the absolute

temperature.

2.3 Explain the following:

i) reversible process

ii) irreversible process

2.4 Explain the working of the car not

cycle.

2.5 Explain with the aid of a diagram the

working of an ideal heat engine.

2.6 Describe the working of the actual

heat engine.

2.7 Compare the actual and ideal heat

engines

2.8 Define the efficiency of a heat

engine:-

QQ −=

=ζ

Where ζ is efficiency

Lecture

Lecture with the help of

sketch graph

Classroom

resources

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Q1 us heat transfer by the heat engine

at initial temperature and Q2 is heat

transfer at final temperature.

2.9 Express efficiency in terms of

absolute temperature i.e.

1Efficiency −= where T1 is initial

temperature T2 is final temperature

2.10 State and explain Kelvin - Planck's

statement of second law of

thermodynamics.

2.11 State Clausius statement of

second law of thermodynamics.

2.12 Describe the internal working of an

ideal refrigerator.

2.13 Describe the internal working of

actual refrigerator.

2.14 Define the efficiency of the

refrigerator (coefficient of performance)

2.15 State the equivalence of Kelvin-

Planck's and Clausius statements of the

second law of thermodynamics.

Lecture Classroom

resources

General Objective 3: Understand the Magnetic effect of current and its applications

5-6

Magnetic Effects of Currents

3.1 Define magnetic lines of force:

magnetic field, flux density, and

magnetic linkage.

3.2 State and explain the expression for

the force on a charged particle moving

in a magnetic field i.e. F= qv x B where:

F = force

Q = charge on the particle

V = velocity

B = flux density

3.3 Write and explain the expression for

a force acting on a current carrying

Explain magnetic lines of

force, magnetic field flux

density, and magnetic

linkage.

State and explain the

expressions for the force

on a charged particles

moving in a magnetic field

and for a force acting on a

current carrying conductor

in a magnetic field

Classroom

resources

Classroom

resources

Demonstrate the

existence of forces of

attraction and repulsion

between two parallel

current carrying

conductors

Demonstrate the

existence of forces of

attraction and repulsion

between two parallel

current carrying

conductors

Two current carrying

conductors and

cardboard iron fillings

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conductor in a magnetic field F = BIL

where :

B = flux density of intensity of magnetic

field.

I = the magnitude of the current

L = the length of the conductor

3.4 Explain the principles of:

i) the cyclotron

ii) mass spectrograph

3.5 Describe the explain the forces of

attraction and repulsion existing

between two parallel current carrying

conductors.

Describe and explain with

the help of diagrams the

forces of attraction and

repulsion existing between

two parallel current

carrying conductors

7-8

3.8 Define the ampere.

3.9 Explain the principles of the current

balance..

3.10 Explain the behaviour of a current

carrying coil in magnetic field.

3.10 Explain the principles of:

i) electric motors

ii) the moving iron

ammeter

iii) moving coil

galvanometer

iv) ballistic

galvanometer

3.11 State the expression for the force

experienced by a current carrying

conductor of known length placed at

various angles to a uniform field of flux

density B.

3.12 Calculate the force on a current

carrying conductor in magnetic field

placed at various angles to the field.

3.13 State the units in which each

Lecture

Explain the principles of

operation of electric

motors, a moving iron

ammeter, moving coil

galvanometer, ballistic

galvanometer. Use

diagrams to illustrate.

Lecture. Use diagrams to

illustrate the expressions.

Solve some numerical

problems and give

assignments.

Classroom

resources

Measure current using

a simple current

balance

Demonstrate the

direction of the force on

a current carrying

conductor in a

magnetic field

Measure current using

moving iron ammeter,

moving coil

galvanometer, ballistic

galvanometer

Allow the students to

measure current using a

simple current balance

Students should be

guided on how to use

moving iron ammeter,

moving coil

galvanometer, ballistic

galvanometer to measure

current.

Simple current

balance

Heavy duty battery,

Rheostat, electrical

switch

Moving iron ammeter,

moving coil

galvanometer,

ballistic galvanometer

and source of EMF

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quantity in the expressions written in

8.13 above

is measured .

3.14 Describe with the aid of diagrams,

the direction of current, the magnetic

field and the force in each of the cases

stated in 8.13 above.

General Objective 4 Understand the concept of electromagnetic induction and its application

9-10

Electromagnetic Induction

4.1 Explain the concept of electric field.

4.2 Define electric field intensity at a

point.

4.3 State Faraday's law of

electromagnetic induction.

4.4 State Lenz's law of electromagnetic

induction.

4.5 Deduce from 9.5. and 9.6 above the

expression for the induced emf.

NE Θ

=where E is induced e.m.f.

Θ = magnetic flux

N = number of turns of the coil

4.6 Explain the variation of induced

e.m.f. (E) in a rotating coil at different

orientations in the field.

4.7 Calculate the magnitude of current

(1) in a coil of resistance R.

4.8 Differentiate between mutual and

self induction.

Lecture Classroom

resources

Demonstrate

electromagnetic

induction using a

magnet and a current

carrying coil.

Describe an experiment

which illustrates the

statement of Lenz's law

of electromagnetic

induction.

Demonstrate

electromagnetic induction

using a magnet and a

current carrying coil.

Allow the students to

perform the experiment

which illustrates lenz's

law of electromagnetic

induction

Current carrying coil,

magnet.

Bar magnet, coil, and

galvanometer.

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4.8 Explain back e.m.f. and eddy

currents.

4.9 Explain the principle of operation of

the induction coil stating its uses

4.10 Explain the principle of operation of

a transformer. State the uses

Explain back emf and

eddy current mentioning

where they occur

Lecture

Classroom

resources

Demonstrate how the

induction coil operates

Demonstrate how the

transformer functions.

Demonstrate how the

induction coil operates

showing the students the

spark gap.

Demonstrate how the

transformer is used to

step up, or step down

voltage

Induction coil, car

battery

Step up transformer,

step down

transformer, AC

sources, multimeter

General Objective 5: Understand the principles of a.c circuits and their applications

12-13

Alternating Current Circuits

5.1 State the expression for alternating

current and voltage:

I = Io Cos (wt + Ø) where I is the steady

state current, Io the maximum current, =

2Π f, f is frequency, and Ø is phase

angle

5.2 Define phase angle, instantaneous,

peak and root mean square (r.m.s)

values of the a.c and voltage

Lecture

Use diagrams (sketch

graph) to illustrate.

Write an expression to

show the relationship

between R.M.S and peak

values of alternating

current and voltage

Classroom

resources

14-15

5.3 Write and explain expressions for

a.c. through a resistor, a capacitor and

an inductor.

5.4 Explain the terms reactance,

inductive reactance and capacitive

reactance.

5.5 Write and explain expressions for

a.c. through a resistor and capacitor R-

C, resistor and inductor R-L in series

circuit.

5.6 Explain the term impedance.

5.7 Write and explain expression for the

a.c. in R-L-C series circuit.

5.8 Explain the resonance phenomenon

in R-L-C series circuit.

Lecture Classroom

resources

Investigate the

voltage/current

relationship for a simple

AC inductive circuit

Investigate the

voltage/current

relationship for a simple

AC circuit with

inductance and

resistance

Investigate the

voltage/current

relationship for a simple

Students should perform

an experiment to

investigate the

voltage/current

relationship for a simple

AC inductive circuit

Students should perform

an experiment to

investigate the

voltage/current

relationship for a simple

AC circuit with inductance

and resistance

Low voltage AC

source, coil of large

self inductance and

negligible resistance,

AC volt meter, AC

ammeter.

Low voltage AC

source, non-inductive

variable resistor, fix

resistor of negligible

resistance

Low voltage AC

source, capacitor, AC

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5.10 Explain quality factor. AC capacitive circuit

Investigate the

voltage/current

relationship for a simple

AC circuit with

capacitance and

resistance

Perform an experiment to

investigate the

voltage/current

relationship for a simple

AC capacity circuit

Investigate the

voltage/current

relationship for a simple

AC circuit with

capacitance and

resistance

volt meter, AC

ammeter

Low voltage AC

source, non-

capacitive variable

resistor and fixed

capacitor

5.12 Calculate the reactance of

inductors of known values at given

frequencies.

5.13 Calculate the voltage across each

part of circuits consisting of an inductor

and capacitor in series.

Solve some numerical

examples and give

assignments

Classroom

resources

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:

Coursework/Assignments 10%; Course test 20%; Practical 30%; Examination 40%

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Advanced Level Physics by Nelkon and Parker

Physics Practical Manual by Tyler.

162

Course: Calculus for science

Department/Programme: National Diploma Science Laboratory Technology

Course: Calculus for science Course Code: STP 213 Credit Hours: 2

Year: 2 Semester: 1 Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

1 hours/week

1 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand the basic concepts of differential calculus and its application in solving scientific problems

2. Know integration as the reverse of differentiation and its application to scientific problems

3. Understand first order homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients as applied to simple circuits

4. Understand the basic concepts of partial differentiation and apply same to Scientific problems

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General Objective 1: Understand the basic concepts of differential calculus and its application in solving scientific problems

1-3

1. Define limits

2. State and prove basic theorems on

limits

3. Define differentiation as an incremental

notation or function

4. Prove the formulae for derivative of

functions of function, product and quotient

of functions

5. Differentiate simple algebraic,

trigonometric, logarithmic exponential

functions

6. Derive second derivative of a function

7. Apply differentiation to simple science

problems

8. Explain the rate of change of a function

Explain limits with examples

Solve numerical problems and give

assignments

Classroom

resources

Application of

differentiations to

some scientific

problems

Workshop Overhead Projector,

slides, calculators,

posters, chalk and

board, reference books.

General Objective 2: Know integration as the reverse of differentiation and its application to scientific problems

4-7

1. Define integration as the reverse of

differentiation

2. Distinguish between indefinite and

definite integrals

3. Determine the definite and indefinite

integral of a function

4. Integrate algebraic, logarithmic

trigonometric and exponential simple

functions

5. Integrate algebraic and trigonometric

method, using substitution methods.

Define integration as the reverse of

differentiation

Distinguish between indefinite and

definite integrals

Determine the definite and indefinite

integral of a function

Integrate algebraic, logarithmic

trigonometric and exponential simple

functions

Integrate algebraic and trigonometric

method, using substitution methods.

Classroom

resources

Apply integration to

kinematics.

Workshop Projector, slides,

calculators, posters,

chalk and board,

reference books.

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6. Integrate trigonometric and exponential

functions by parts

7. Integrate algebraic functions by partial

fraction.

8. Integrate trigonometric and logarithmic

functions applying reduction formula

9. Calculate length of arc, area under a

curve, area between two curves, volume

of revolution, centre of gravity, centre of

surface area, second moments and

moment of initial

Integrate trigonometric and

exponential functions by parts

Integrate algebraic functions by

partial fraction.

Integrate trigonometric and

logarithmic functions applying

reduction formula

Calculate length of arc, area under a

curve, area between two curves,

volume of revolution, centre of

gravity, centre of surface area,

moment of inertia

General Objective 3: Understand first order homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients as applied to simple

electrical circuits

8 - 12

3.1 Define first order differential equation.

3.2 define first order homogeneous

differential equation

3.3 List the methods of solving differential

equation by

separable variables

3.4 Identify differential equations

reducible to

homogeneous form.

3.5 Define integrating factor

3.6 Determine the solution of differential

equations

using integrating factor

Define first order differential equation

define first order homogeneous

differential equation

List the methods of solving differential

equation by separable variables.

Identify differential equations

reducible to homogeneous form.

Define integrating factor

Determine the solution of differential

equations using integrating factor

Solve many numerical problems and

give assignments

Classroom

resources

Application to simple

electrical circuits

Workshop Projector, slides,

calculators, posters,

chalk and board,

reference books.

General Objective 4: Understand the basic concepts of partial differentiation and apply same to Scientific problems

13-15

4.1 Solve problems on partial

differentiation e.g

f (x,y) = x2 + y2, = 2xy.

Solve problems on partial

differentiation. Give assignments.

Classroom

resources

Application of partial

differentiation to

scientific problems

Workshop Projector, slides,

calculators, posters,

chalk and board,

reference books.

165

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:

Coursework 40%; Attendance 10%; Examination 50%

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Engineering Mathematics by Stroud

166

Course: Computer Packages II

Programme: Statistics (National Diploma)

Course: Computer Packages II Course Code: COM 215 Total Hours: 5

Year: 2 Semester: 3 Pre-requisite: COM 123 Theoretical:

Practical:

1 hours /week

4 hours /week

Goal: This course is designed to enable the student to acquire a better understanding of standard computer packages.

General Objectives: On completion of this course, the diplomate will be able to:

1. Understand common graphics packages

2. Understand the concept of computer aided design.

3. Understand database management.

4. Understand a data analysis package.

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activities

Resources

General Objective 1 (COM 215): Understand common graphics packages

1.1 Obtain awareness of different types of

graphic representation e.g. pictures,

drawings, charts in computer system.

Illustrate Graphics using pictures,

drawings, charts and graphs.

Classroom

computer

resources -

CorelDraw,

PageMaker

Windows

Operating

System etc.

Show understanding

of topics covered

Oversee practical

application of

topics covered

Classroom

computer

resources -

CorelDraw,

PageMaker

Windows

Operating

System etc.

1.2 Obtain appreciation of the difference

between DTP and computer aided

design.

1.3 List the types and uses of graphics

packages (e.g. drawing packages,

painting, computer aided design, charting

packages)

Show examples of DTP and

computer aided design

Carryout an overview of graphic

packages in existence and if possible

identify merits and demerits of each

Classroom

computer

resources -

CorelDraw,

PageMaker

Windows

Operating

System etc.

Show understanding

of topics covered

Oversee practical

application of

topics covered

Classroom

computer

resources -

CorelDraw,

PageMaker

Windows

Operating

System etc.

1.4 Obtain ability to understand how to

use graphic software to produce a

newsletter and flyers, certificates or other

one page publication.

Collect documented samples of a

newsletter, flyers and certificates and

let students design to exact

specification.

Highlight omissions and errors.

Classroom

computer

resources -

CorelDraw,

PageMaker

Windows

Operating

System etc.

Show understanding

of topics covered

Oversee practical

application of

topics covered

Classroom

computer

resources -

CorelDraw,

PageMaker

Windows

Operating

System etc.

1.5 Design brochures and letter heads. Collect documented samples of

brochures and letterheads and let

students design to exact

specification.

Highlight omissions and errors.

Classroom

computer

resources -

CorelDraw,

PageMaker

Windows

Operating

System etc.

Show understanding

of topics covered

Oversee practical

application of

topics covered

Classroom

computer

resources -

CorelDraw,

PageMaker

Windows

Operating

System etc.

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1.6 Design greetings cards, invitations

and folders

Collect samples of greetings cards

and similar items.

Classroom

computer

resources -

CorelDraw,

PageMaker

Windows

Operating

System etc.

Show understanding

of topics covered

Oversee practical

application of

topics covered

Classroom

computer

resources -

CorelDraw,

PageMaker

Windows

Operating

System etc.

1.7 Creating, opening and saving card

presentations.

1.8 Work in different views and with

slides.

Let students design using samples

from templates and clip arts.

Classroom

computer

resources -

CorelDraw,

PageMaker

Windows

Operating

System etc.

Show understanding

of topics covered

Oversee practical

application of

topics covered

Classroom

computer

resources -

CorelDraw,

PageMaker

Windows

Operating

System etc.

General Objective 2 (COM 215): Understand the concept of computer aided design.

2.1 Understand layout planning and

plotting

2.2 Understand how to create 3D images.

Explain the basics of AutoCAD

Explain drawing with

precision using the AutoCAD

package.

Explain controlling the drawing

display in AutoCAD.

Classroom

computer

resources -

AutoCAD

software

Show understanding

of topics covered

Oversee practical

application of

topics covered

Classroom

computer

resources -

AutoCAD

software

2.3 Understand the use of blocks,

attributes and external references

2.4 Understand how to create layer,

projection types and solid modelling.

Explain applying dimensioning and

tolerancing techniques to drawing

Classroom

computer

resources -

AutoCAD

software

Show understanding

of topics covered

Oversee practical

application of

topics covered

Classroom

computer

resources -

AutoCAD

software

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2.5 Aquire ability to carry the following

using AutoCAD:

(a) plan a layout and carryout plotting.

(b) create three- dimensional images

references

(d) create layering, projection types and

solid modelling.

Explain use of manual creations to

draw, plan, create and produce a

complete architectural design using

AutoCAD software.

Classroom

computer

resources -

AutoCAD

software

Show understanding

of topics covered

Oversee practical

application of

topics covered

Classroom

computer

resources -

AutoCAD

software

General Objective 3 (COM 215): Understand database management.

3.1 Understand the functions of any

DBMS e.g Microsoft Access.

Explain variable, constant, datatype

objects, collection, and events.

Give examples of DBMS activities

(update, sorting, etc.)

Classroom

computer

resources -

Access

software

Apply Access to work

with sets of records

such as:

(a) personnel records

(creation and

retrieval)

(b) medical records

(creation and

retrieval)

(creation and

retrieval)

Oversee practical

application of

topics covered

Classroom

computer

resources -

Access software

3.2 Understand data base structure. Explain variable, constant, datatype

objects, collection, and events.

Classroom

computer

resources -

Access

software

Carry out the

following: using the

above records

Find and sort data

Work with queries and

forms

Oversee practical

application of

topics covered

Classroom

computer

resources -

Access software

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3.2 (continued) Understand data base

structure.

Give examples of DBMS activities

(update, sorting, etc.)

Classroom

computer

resources -

Access

software

Share data between

other applications

Create macros

Generate reports

Handle run time

errors and secure

your data.

Oversee practical

application of

topics covered

Classroom

computer

resources -

Access software

General Objective 4 (COM 215): Understand a data analysis package.

4.1 Understand the functions of data

analysis packages (SPSS, SSIDM)

4.2 Understand the definition of data

analysis

4.3 Acquire an overview of data analysis

packages

Explain data analysis

Explain various functions of a data

analysis package

Give an overview of data analysis

packages.

Classroom

computer

resources -

SPSS software

Show understanding

of topics covered

Oversee practical

application of

topics covered

Classroom

computer

resources -

SPSS, software

4.4 Understand the basics of a data

analysis package.

4.5 Understand build and execute

commands

Present an overview of how to use

build and execute commands

and read, write and code data.

Classroom

computer

resources -

SPSS software

Show understanding

of topics covered

Oversee practical

application of

topics covered

Classroom

computer

resources -

SPSS, software

4.6 Understand reading, writing and code

of data.

4.7 Understand the presentation of

statistical graphs, freer distribution and

correlation analysis.

Explain

(a) statistical graphs,

(b) frequency distribution

(d) comparison of means

(e) construction of report summary of

and reproduction of statistical reports.

Classroom

computer

resources -

SPSS software

Show understanding

of topics covered

Oversee practical

application of

topics covered

Classroom

computer

resources -

SPSS, software

171

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:

Coursework/Assignments %; Course test %; Practical %; Projects %; Examination %

Type of Assessment Purpose and Nature of Assessment (COM 215) Weighting (%)

Examination Final Examination (written) to assess knowledge and understanding 60

Test At least 1 progress test for feed back. 20

Practical / Projects To be assessed by the teacher 20

Total 100

Recommended Textbooks & References:

172

NDII 2ND Semester

Course: Genetics

Department/ Programme: National Diploma

Course: Genetics Course Code: STB 221 Credit Hours: 3

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

1 hours/week

2 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand basic concepts in Genetics

2. Understand rudiments of Mendelian Genetics

3. Understand the concept of dominance and deviations from Mendelian Genetics

4. Understand sex determination and sex linkage

5. Understand the mechanism of variation and mutation

6. Understand the basic concept in genetic engineering

173

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General Objective 1.0: Understand Basic Concepts in Genetics

1-2

Basic Concepts In Genetics

1.1 Define genetics.

1.2 Define genes

1.3 Explain the importance of

chromosomes and genes in heredity.

lecture and

discussion

Blackboard

Chalk

Overhead

projectors

General Objective 2.0: Understand Rudiments of Mendelian Genetics

3-4

Mendelian Laws

2.1 Explain Mendel's experiments and

points out the conclusions from the

experiments

2.2 Explain the following terms,

monohybrid, dihybrid, alleles, linkage,

recessive gene, dominant gene,

phenotype, genotype

2.3 State the two Mendelian laws of

inheritance.

2.4 Explain, the first and the second

laws of Mendel, in relation to meiosis.

Lecture Classroom Identifying chromosomes in

prepare slide of mitosis.

Assist students to

Use the laboratory

materials

Prepared slides

Microscopes

Slides & cover slips

5-6

2.5 List examples of monohybrid

inheritance in fruit fly (Drosophila

melanogaster) albinism cystic

fibrosis, and chondrodystrophic

dwarfism in men.

2.6 Describe dihybrid inheritance by

means of plant height/flower colour;

seed coat/position of flower, or any

other combination of character of pea

plant (Pisum Sativum).

2.7 Explain the deviations from

Mendelian ratio

Identifying chromosomes.

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General Objective 3.0: Understand the concept of dominance and deviations from Mendelian Genetics

7-8

Dominance

3.1 Describe complete dominance as

in Mendel's experiments where in

heterozygous one allele is expressed

in the phenotype.

3.2 Explain deviations by linkage;

multiple alleles(codominance); lethal

genes in mice, dorminance

3.3 Explain the genetic basis of ABO

blood group.

Lecture Classroom Identify the various degrees

of dominance:- complete no

dominance and partial

dominance.

.Identify examples

in the field.

Classroom lectures

and discussions.

Genetic Corn.

General Objective 4.0: Understand Sex determination and Sex linkage

9-10

Sex Determination and Linkage

4.1 Explain the mechanism of sex

determination

4.2 Describe sex linked inheritance as

in eye colour in Drosophila; colour

blindness and haemophilia in man.

4.3 Explain the relevance of genetics

in disputed paternity.

Field

observations and

classroom

lectures and

discussion

Organisms,

fly, rats.

Identify the characteristics

that qualify an organism for

use in genetic experiments

with references to

Drosophila and

Neurospora.

General Objective 5.0: Understand the mechanism of variation and Mutation

Variation and Mutation

5.1 Define variation

5.2 Differentiate between continuos

and discontinuous variations.

5.3 Explain the role of meiosis in

causing variation

Observation and

classroom

lectures and

discussions

Lecture

Classroom Separating individual

characteristics.

Assist students to

examine the

individual

characteristics.

Drosophila culture.

12-13

5.4 Define mutation

5.5 State the causes of mutation

5.6 List and describe the kinds of mutation

5.7 Explain the role of mutation in variation

5.8 Explain the following:-

Mongolism/Down's syndrome;

Klinefelter's syndrome; Terner's

syndrome and XYZ combinations.

175

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General Objective 6.0: Understand the basic concept in genetics Engineering

Genetics Engineering

6.1 Define Biotechnology

6.2 Explain Nucleic acid and non-

nucleic acid biotechnology.

. Lecture

. Assignment

Classroom Insert plasmid pAMP into

e.coli

Guide and

supervise students

Internet.

http://academy.d20.co.edu/

kadets/lundberg/student.html

6.3 Explain Genetic manipulation

techniques

6.4 State the importance of

biotechnology in development.

e.coli and pAMP, sterile pipettes,

petri dishes agar, ampicillin, test

tubes etc

Assessment:

Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Practical 40 %; Examination 50 %

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Biology: A Functional Approach, by Michael Roberts, Nelson Thornes (Publishers) Ltd

Introduction to Biology (2nd West African Edition) by D.G. MaCkean

A. Modern Course in Biology by M. Deardem.

176

Course: Ecology

Department/ Programme: National Diploma

Course: Ecology Course Code: STB 222 Credit Hours: 5

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

2 hours/week

3 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Know the various ecological terminologies and types of habitats

2. Understand the concept of succession

3. Understand the problems confronting organism in their habitat

4. Know the concept of population ecology

5. Understand the soil as an ecosystem

6. Know the pollutants and effect of pollution on the environment, vegetation and animal life

177

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General Objective 1: Know the various ecological terminologies and types of habitats

Types of Habitat

1.1 Define ecology

1.2 Define habitat

1.3 Identify different kinds of

habitats i.e. aquatic, terrestrial

and arboreal habitats.

1.4 Differentiate between fresh

water habitat, marine habitat and

brackish water habitat.

1.5 Differentiate between forest,

savannah and desert.

1.6 Identify various vegetational

zones of Nigeria and Africa.

Audio visual film

of various

vegetation zones

Overhead

projector,

films

Measure temperature, light intensity, wind

evaporation rate, relative humidity and saturation

deficit in terrestrial habitats.

Conduct practical

on weather

measurements.

Soil thermometer

Psychomotor dry

and wet bulb

thermometer

Rain gauge

Sunshine recorder

light meter

Meteorological

station

Anemometer wind

vane.

1.7 Identify the diagnostic

features of mangrove forest,

tropical rainforest, deciduous

forest.

1.8 Identify the diagnostic

features of guinea savannah,

Sudan Savannah and Sahel

Savannah

1.9 Define ecological niche.

1.10 Describe the status of a

terrestrial arthropod e.g. wood

louse by observing its response

to light, temperature, humidity

and gravity.

1.11 Define environment.

1.12 List environmental factors

and their effect on various

beings.

1.13 Identify the instruments

used in measuring the various

environmental factors.

Measure temperature, turbidity (light penetration

depth), pH, salinity in aquatic habitats.

Conduct field trips secchi disc pH

meters

178

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General Objective 2: Understand the Concept of Succession

Concept of Succession

2.1 Define Succession.

2.2 Define and explain primary

succession.

2.3 List and describe factors

such as erosion, strong winds,

hurricanes, volcanic actions etc.

as being responsible for primary

bare surfaces such as bare land,

depositing dunes, volcanic ash

etc.

Audio-visual

exposures

Field trips

Cleared are

Audio

visuals

Examine and describe an arboreal habitat, for

example the trunk of a palm tree which usually

carries specialised fauna and flora like ferns,

mosses and orchids and insects with their larvae.

2.4 Define secondary succession

2.5 List and describe the factors

that give rise to secondary

succession.

2.6 Describe the series of

communities in a succession -

pioneers, the intermediate or

transitory communities and the

climax community.

2.7 Describe the processes

involved in ecological

successions, nudation,

immigration, acesis, reaction and

stabilisation.

Examine and describe stratification in a forest, a

savannah and aquatic communities

General Objective 3: Understand the problems confronting organism in their habitat

Problems of organisms in their

habitat

3.1 List and explain the problems

of plants living in fresh water

habitats such as the problems of

buoyancy inadequate sunlight,

low oxygen tension, reproduction

etc.

3.2 List and explain the problems

Examine and describe an epiphyte and its

responses to light, temperature, humidity and

gravity.

Preserved

specimen.

179

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of animals living in fresh water

habitats - the problems of

buoyancy, breathing, feeding,

reproduction and enemies.

3.3 Identify the various adaptive

features employed by plants and

animals in overcoming their

problems in fresh water habitats.

3.4 List and explain the problems

of plants living in brackish water

habitat - problems of buoyancy.

Flooding, respiration, osmotic

balance.

3.5 Identify the adaptations of

mangrove plants to life in their

habitat - red mangrove

(Rhizophara) and white

mangrove (Avicenia)

3.6 List and explain the problems

of animals living in brackish

water - problems of wave action,

salinity,. Water current.

3.7 Describe the adaptations of

animal communities to life in

brackish water habitat

3.8 Explain poor light condition

as a major problem of organisms

living in tropical rainforest.

3.9 Describe the adaptation of

plants as a means of solving the

problem of poor light in rainforest

- long petioles of plants, climbing

habit, mosaic arrangement of

leaves etc.

3.10 List and describe the

problems of organisms in the

savannah - drought, poor soils,

Measure environmental factors applying the

instruments identified above e.g. psychometric for

measuring humidity, rain gauge for measuring

rain fall, light meter for determining light intensity,

Secchi disk for determining depth of light

penetration into a pond: anemometer for

estimating wind speed; thermometer for

measuring temperature; pH meter of pH paper for

determining acidity or alkalinity of pond water or

soil.

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fires, seasonal food scarcity and

shelter.

3.11 Explain the xeromorphic

features of savannah plants.

3.12 Describe the adaptations of

plant communities for surviving

annual grass fires - tick bark,

vigorous regeneration, fire

resistant seeds, underground

perenating organs (e.g. tuber,

bulbs, rhizomes).

3.13 Explain the physiological

adaptations of savannah species

- deciduous habit, pre-rain flusing

and flowering for life in their

habitat

General Objective 4: Know the concept of population ecology

4.1 Describe the transact

sampling technique.

4.2 Find population size applying

the formula.

N×=

When N = population size, A =

area covered by the population: a

= average of the number of

sample plots; n = average of the

number of individuals in the

sample

4.3 Explain the use of lincohl

Index in estimating population

size - say in a restricted volume

of Water like fish pond.

4.4 Describe the capture-

release- recapture method of

population size estimation.

4.5 Explain the various

Lecture with

worked

examples.

Exemplify the study of succession by regular

observation of a cleared area

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precautions and assumptions in

the use of capture - release -

recapture method.

4.6 Describe the regression

method of estimating population

size.

4.7 Explain the assumptions

underlying the regression method

of estimating population size.

4.8 Explain population growth

and rate of growth.

4.9 Draw and describe the

growth curves - J - shaped and

S- shaped growth curves.

4.10 Explain the various factors

influencing sizes of populations -

natality, mortality, fecundity,

immigration emigration etc

Provide relevant preserved specimens for proper

explanation

4.11 Describe the regression

method of estimating population

size.

4.12 Explain the assumptions

underlying the regression method

of estimating population size.

4.13 Explain population growth

and rate of growth.

4.14 Draw and describe the

growth curves - J - shaped and

S- shaped growth curves.

4.15 Explain the various factors

influencing sizes of populations -

natality, mortality, fecundity,

immigration emigration etc

4.16 Identify the density -

dependent and density -

independent factors of

populations.

Observe closely laboratory culture of lemna fruit

fly (Drosophila) or stored product insect such as

Sitophilus over a period of time and describe their

population growth

Practical

observation over a

period

Insect cage

Fly cage

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4.17 Identify the biotic and abiotic

factors and explain their effect on

population sizes.

General Objective 5: Understand the soil as an ecosystem

Soil as an Ecosystem

5.1 Explain soil

5.2 List and describe the

methods of soil formation

5.3 List and describe the

components of soil

5.4 Explain the properties of soil -

soil texture, soil structure, soil

profile.

5.5 Explain the influence of

temperature, air, moisture, pH

flora and fauna of the soil.

5.6 Describe the role of micro-

organisms in soil

5.7 List soil macroflora and

macrofauna and describe their

influence on soil

Isolate fungi and bacteria from soil sample.

11-12

5.8 Describe the measurement of

soil physical and chemical factors

such as porosity (i.e. water

retention capacity): particle size,

pH, water content, organic matter

content etc.

5.9 Describe ways by which soil

fertility is lost - e.g. erosion, leaching,

burning, over cultivation etc.

5.10 Identify and describe types

of erosion, water (Gully, Sheet)

erosion, wind erosion.

5.11 Describe methods of

controlling water erosion

5.12 Describe methods of

controlling wind erosion

Conduct

practicals on

fungi and

bacteria isolation

Conduct field

trips

Culture

media

Autoclave

Incubator

Wire loop.

Soil samples

Identify the different kinds of soil and state their

properties.

Determine the fertility or otherwise of the soil

types above.

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General Objective 6 Know the pollutants and effect of pollution on the environment, vegetation and animal life

Pollutants and Pollution

6.1 Define Pollution and

Pollutants

6.2 List examples of pollutants -

like carbon monoxide sulphur

dioxide, oils, scraps, sewage etc.

6.3 Explain the effects of the

pollutants on plants and animal

life including man.

6.4 Identify different types of

pollution: water pollution, air

pollution: soil pollution: industrial

pollution: oil pollution etc.

Visit industrial estates to assess the effect of

effluents on their immediate environment.

6.5 Explain the need for frequent

medical check ups for industrial

employees..

6.6 Describe different ways of

sewage treatment: sewage

farming: stabilisation ponds; filter

beds; cesspits and septic tanks;

activated sludge.

6.7 Identify each of the sewage

treatment plants described in 6.9

above.

Field trips to

industries to

asses effluents;

sewage

treatment plants,

refuse dumps

Lecture note Visit drilling locations and assess and describe

the damage done by oil spillage to the lives and

economy of the inhabitants.

Visit a few filthy places in a nearby city or town to

assess and describe the health condition of the

local inhabitants

Assessment:

Coursework/Assignments 10 %; Practical 40 %; Examination 50 %

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Ecology: Individuals, Populations and Communities by M.Begon, J.Harper and C.Townsend, publishers Blackwell, UK

184

Course: Organic Chemistry II

Department/ Programme: National Diploma

Course: Organic Chemistry II Course Code: STC 221 Credit Hours: 5

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

2 hours/week

3 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand the chemistry of ethers

2. Know the chemistry of amines

3. Understand the chemistry of aromatic compounds

4. Understand some chemical reactions of benzene

5. Understand the mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution in aromatic compounds

6. Understand the chemistry of phenol

7. Understand the chemistry of carbonyl substituted benzene

8. Understand the chemistry of benzoic acid

9. Understand the chemistry of benzoic acid derivatives

10 Understand the chemistry of benzamides and phthalic anhydride

11. Understand the chemistry of aniline

12. Understand the chemistry of diazonium compounds and azo-dyes

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General Objective 1.0 Understand Chemistry of Ethers

1-2

Ethers

1.1 Write the functional group of ethers

1.2 Write general formula of ethers as R-

O-R with examples.

1.3 Name simple ethers using IUPAC

1.4 Describe methods of preparation of

ethers.

1.5 Use curly arrows to show the

mechanism of the formation of an ether by

the Williamson reaction

1.6 Describe the physical properties of

diethyl ether.

1.7 Write equations for the cleavage of

ether by acids.

1.8 Describe uses of diethyl ether.

Lectures with

charts

Teaching

Board

Prepare a simple ether in the

laboratory e.g.

Neonerolin

Guide and

supervise

students

Benzyl alcohol ethyl iodide

sodium hydride solvents

glassware

General Objective : 2.0 Know the chemistry of amines

3-4

Amine

2.1 Relate amines to ammonia structurally.

2.2 Describe the methods of preparation of

1o amides.

2.3 Classify amines as 1o, 2o,3o, and 4o

2.4 State the general formula for the

classes under 3.66 above and give

examples.

2.5 Discuss the basicity of amines

2.6 Use curly arrows to show the reaction

of an amine with a hydrogen ion

2.7 Describe the following reactions of 1o

amides - Hofmann's reaction, nitrosation,

and acylation.

2.8 Use curly arrows to show the

mechanism of acylation of an amine with

an acyl chloride

2.9 Describe the uses of amines.

Lectures with

charts

Practical

identification

Glassware Distinguish among 1o, 2o, 3o, amine by

chemical tests.

Guide and

supervise

students

aminophenol

acetic anhydride

chemicals glassware

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General Objective 3.0 Understand Chemistry of Aromatic Compounds

Chemistry of Aromatic Compounds

3.1 Write the structures of benzene and its

homologues.

3.2 Explain aromaticity: resonance,

resonance theory 4Ð + 2 rule.

3.3 Explain the fulfilment of the rule in

Benzene and its homologues.

3.4 Explain the physical properties of benzene

and alkyl benzene, e.g. M.P. and b.p.

Lectures with

charts

Prepare paracetamol in the lab by

acylation of aminophenol

General Objective 4: Understand some chemical reactions of Benzene

4.1 Describe the physical and chemical

properties of benzene

4.2 Describe the following reactions of

benzene: Friedel-Crafts (Alkylation and

Acylation) Nitration, Sulphonation and

halogenation.

4.3 Describe some examples of

nucleophilic substitution of derivatives of

benzenes such as fluorobenzene

Lectures Teaching

board

Nitration of bromobenzene Guide and

supervise

students

Bromobenzene

Con nitric conc. sulphuric

acids etc

General Objective 5: Understand the mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution in aromatic compounds

1.1 Describe the mechanism of nucleophilic

and electrophilic aromatic substitution

reactions of mono substituted benzene

1.2 Describe the following

i) effect of substituents

ii) effects of solvents

orientation of incoming group.

React dinitro fluoro benzene with

either an amine or an amino acid

Guide and

supervise

students

Chemicals glassware tlc

equipment

General Objective 6: Understand the Chemistry of Phenol

6.1 Describe the preparation of Phenol.

6.2 Explain physical properties and

chemical reactions of phenol.

6.3 List uses of phenol.

Investigate the solubility of alcohols,

phenols and carboxylic acids in water,

bicarbonate and hydroxide solutions.

and/or

React phenol with bromine water

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General Objectives: 7.0 Understand the chemistry of carbonyl substituted benzene

7.1 Describe the preparation of

benzaldehyde and benzophenone.

7.2 Explain properties and chemical

reactions of the above

7.3 List uses of benzaldelhyde and

benzophenone

Prepare demethyl benzophenone or

similar in the lab

Guide and

supervise

students

Toluene and toluoyl

chloride and aluminium

trichloride

Or toluene toluic acid and

phosphoric acid

General Objectives: 8.0 Understand the Chemistry of Benzoic acid

8.1 Describe the preparation of benzoic

acid.

8.2 Explain the physical properties and

chemical reactions of benzoic acids and

list uses of benzoic acids.

prepare benzoic acid from toluene

and/or benzyl alcohol by oxidation

with permanganate

isolate and purify by recrystalisation

and identify the product by its mp

General Objectives: 9.0 Understand the chemistry of benzoic acid derivatives

9.1 Describe the preparation of benzoyl

chloride and esters.

9.2 Use curly arrows to show the

mechanism of the reaction between

benzoyl chloride and methanol

9.3 List uses of benzoyl chloride and

benzoyl esters.

Either: React benzoic acid with thionyl

chloride and then methanol to give the

methyl ester

Or: saponify methyl benzoate

Guide and

supervise

students

Chemicals source of heat

(not a Bunsen)

General Objectives: 10 Understand the chemistry of benzamides and phthalic anhydride

12-13

10.1 Describe the preparation of

benzamide and phthalic anhydride

10.2 Use curly arrows to show the

mechanism of the reaction between

benzoyl chloride and ammonia

10.3 Explain physical properties and

chemical reactions of benzamide and

phthelic anhdride.

10.4 List uses of benzamide and phthalic

anhydride.

Prepare benzamide from benzoyl

chloride and aqueous ammonia

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General Objectives: 11 Understand the chemistry of Aniline

11.1 Describe the laboratory and industrial

preparation of Aniline

11.2 Describe the physical properties and

chemical reactions of aniline with

emphasis on the basic nature of aniline

11.3 List uses of aniline

prepare aniline by reduction of

nitrobenzene with Sn or Fe and acid

General Objectives 12: Understand the chemistry of diazonium Compounds and Azo-dyes

12.1 Describe the preparation of diazonium

salts.

12.2 Describe the conversion of diazonium

salts to chloride bromide, and cyano

compounds.

12.3 Explain the formation of sample azo

dyes.

Demonstrate

preparation

Prepare an azo dye such as orange II

in the lab

Guide and

supervise

students

Assessment:

Coursework/Assignments 10%; Practical 40%; Examination 50 %

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Chemistry by M.J. Sienko and R.A. Plane (Mc Graw Hill)

Organic Chemistry by McMurray. 6th edition. Thompson/Brooks-Cole.

Classic Chemistry Experiments published by The Royal Society of Chemistry (UK) and free on the internet at

http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/classic_exp.htm

Salters Advanced Chemistry Activities and Assessment Pack published by Heinemann

Small scale synthesis by M.Zanger and J.R.McKee published by Wm.C.Brown

189

Course: Biochemistry

Department/ Programme: National Diploma

Subject/Course: BIOCHEMISTRY Course Code: STC 222 Credit Hours: 5

Year: 2 Semester: 2 Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

2 hour/week

3 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Understand the molecular organization of the living cell and its topochemistry

2. Understand the importance of water and the concepts of pH and buffers

3. Understand the properties, sources, uses and structure of carbohydrates

4. Understand the properties, structures and reactions of monosaccharides

5. Understand the structures and uses of disaccharides and polysaccharides

6. Understand nature, biological and industrial importance of lipids

7. Understand the structure, properties and functions of proteins

8. Understand the classification of amino acids

9. Understand the structure and behaviour of Proteins

10. Understand the nature of enzymes

11. Understand vitamins and minerals found in the Living cell

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General Objective 1.0: Understand the molecular organization of the living cell and its topochemistry

1.1 On completion of this course, the student

should be able to:

Molecular Organisation of the living cells

1.1 List cell organelles

1.2 Explain centrifugation

1.3 Explain the structure, functions and

fractions of intracellular organelles.

1.4 Describe chemical composition of the (i.e.

carhohydrate, protein, lipids, DNA, RNA

nucleoproteins etc.)

Lectures Classroom Centrifugation of fractions. Demonstrate

practical on cell

fractionation

Black Board

Centrifuge

a. experimental animal

b. .Dissecting set

c. .Homogeniser

d...Glassewares.

General Objective 2.0: Understand the importance of water and the concepts of pH and buffers

2.1 Explain the importance of water as a major

cellular component.

2.2 List the properties of water which makes it

suitable as the liquid of living systems.

2.3 List the common laboratory and

physiological buffer systems with their

components.

2.4 Explain how the buffers above function to

resist pH changes particularly in physiological

systems.

Lecture Blackboard Choose the appropriate acid

and its salts (base and its

salt) for a buffer system at a

given pH from a list of weak

acids/bases.

Measure the pH of systems

using lovibond comparator or

pH meter.

Demonstrate the

use of the pH

metre.

Conduct

practicals on the

measurement of

pH of solutions

Lovibond comparator

Indicator papers pH metre

Indicator solutions.

Glassware's/Tiles

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General Objective 3.0: Understand the properties, sources, uses and structure of carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

3.1 Explain carbohydrates as

polyhydroxyketones of polyhydoxyaldes and

their derivatives.

3.2 List the general properties of

carbohydrates.

3.3 Explain the general properties of

carbohydrates.

3.4 List common sources of carbohydrates.

3.5 List domestic and industrial uses of

carbohydrates

3.6 Classify carbohydrates as mono-di-oligo

and polysascharides.

3.7 Draw structural formula of named

examples of the families in 3.5 above.

Lecture Blackboard Test for carbohydrates in the

laboratory by e.g. meish test

fehlings etc.

Conduct practical

test for

carbohydrates

Glasswares

Reagents such as molish,

Fehlings etc.

General Objective 4.0: Understand the properties, structures and reactions of monosaccharides

4.1 Name monosaccharides systematically

according to the number of carbon atoms in

the molecule.

4.2 Explain the concepts of stereoisomerism

opticalisomerism and the property of optical

activity.

4.3 Distinguish between epimers,

stereoisomers and optical isomers

Lectures Blackboard Measure experimentally

optical acivity in sugars using

polarimeter.

Conduct practical

measurement

Glasswares

Polarimeter

Reagent such as Bial's,

Bendict's etc

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4.4 List examples of other biochemical

substances that relate the plane of polarized

light.

4.5 Distinguish between Dextrorotary (+) and

laevorotatory() compounds on one hand and D

and L structure on the other hand.

4.6 Explain the formation of pyronoses and

furanoses by monosaccharides.

4.7 Draw ring formula to represent glucose,

fructose, ribose and ribulose.

4.8 Define mutarotation

4.9 Draw structures to differentiate between

anomers of named aldoses and ketoses.

4.10 Outline the general reactions of

monosacharides due to oH and c=o functional

groups.

4.11 Outline methods for estimating reducing

sugars

Lectures Blackboard Carry out chemical tests to

identify reducing sugars

General Objective 5.0: Understand the structures and uses of disaccharides and Polysaccs

5.1 Define glycosidic linkage.

5.2 Write equation for the formation of

glycosidic linkage.

5.3 List the different types of glycosidic

linkages.

5.4 State the sources of some common

Lecture

Conduct

practical grade

reports on

reducing and

non-reducing

starch and

glycogen

Blackboard

Glassware

burners

Water bath

hydrolyse a non-reducing

disaccharide to give reducing

monosaccharide and test for

their presence

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disaccharides.

5.5 Draw the structures of disaccharides in

3.26 above.

5.6 Distinguish between reducing and non

reducing disaccharides.

5.7 State the biological and industrial

importance of disaccharides.

5.8 List the common polysaccharides and their

sources.

5.9 List the monomers of polysaccharides.

5.10 State the types of glycosidic linkages in

Polysaccharides.

5.11 Draw in the outline, the pattern and

arrangement of the sub-units in the following:

i) amylose

ii) amylopectin

iii) glycogen

iv) cellulose

5.12 State the biological and industrial

importance of polysaccharides.

Lectures with

charts.

Distinguish between starch

and glycogen.

Practical

identification

Glasswares

General Objective 6.0: Understand nature, biological and industrial importance of lipids

Lipids

6.1 Define lipids as fats and fat like substance.

Lecture Classroom Test for fats in the laboratory

e.g. by solubility test.

Assist students to

carry out

laboratory

assignment.

Glasswares

Bunsin burner

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6.2 Define fat as mono-di- and tri - carboxylic

esters of glycerides e.g. monoglycerides,

diglycerides and triglycerides.

6.3 List natural sources of fats.

6.4 Classify lipids into simple and complex

lipids.

6.5 List members of classes in 6.5 above.

6.6 Draw structures of named saturated and

unsaturated fatty acids most abundant in

acylglycerols.

6.7 Explain why fatty acids obtained from lipids

are almost always even numbered carbon

atoms.

6.8 Distinguish between essential and non-

essential fatty acids.

6.9 Write the general chemical structure of

mono-di- and triacylglycerols.

6.10 Write the general chemical structure of a

named triacylglycerols.

6.11 Write the structure of mono-di-and

triacylglcerols.

6.12 State physical properties and uses of

triglycerides

Practical test for fats

Carry out simple chemical

tests for triacylglycerides

Water bath

Saturated and unsaturated

fat

Liquid and solid fats.

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6.13 Describe with equation the hydrolysis of

triglycerides.

6.14 Describe the hydrolysis of triacylglycents

with alkali to yield a mixture of soap and

glycerol - (saponification)

6.15 Define saponification number, iodine

number and free fatty acids (FFA) value of fats

and oils (acylglycerols)

6.16 Explain the significance of the value of

listed in 4.16 above.

6.17 Explain the hardening of oils.

6.18 Relate 18 to commercial production of

fats as margarine.

6.19 Draw the structural formula of

phosphatidic acid.

6.20 Explain that phosphatidic acid is the

parent compound to phosphoglycerides

6.21 Draw structural formula of the following

glycerophosphatides:

(a) Phosphatidylethanolaime

(b) Phosphatidylcholine

(d) Phosphadidylglycerol

Lecture Blackboard

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6.22 List other important glycerophosphatides.

6.23 State the cellular location or sources of

glycerophosphatides.

6.24 Explain the significance of the variations

in the size, shape, polarity and electric charge

of the polar heads of glycerophosphatides.

6.25 Enumerate the functions of

glycerophosphatides in the living systems and

their roles in food and chemical industries.

6.27. List the products of hydrolysis of

glycerophosphatides by:

a) alkaline

b) acid and

c) Enzymes

General Objective 7.0: Understand the structure, properties and functions of proteins

Proteins

7.1 Classify proteins as globular or fibrous.

7.2 List natural courses of proteins

7.3 State the characteristics properties of the

classes in 5.1 above.

7.4 Explain with examples the role of different

proteins in the functioning of living matter e.g.

transport, structural catalytic, regulatory

defence etc.

7.5 Define prosthetic group as a non-protein

Lecture Blackboard Identify proteins in the

laboratory

Isolate albumin from egg

white by size exclusion

chromatography

Denature the albumin purified

above and conserve its

precipitation from solution

Practical

identification of

protein

Protein sample,:

Millon's reagent

Biuret reagent tiles.

dropers.

Glassware

Colorimeter or

Spectrophotometer

Water bath

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moiety of a complex protein.

7.6 Describe proteins in terms of their

prosthetic groups e.g. hemoproteins,

glycoproteins, lipoproteins etc.

7.7 Describe the structure of a protein as a

chain of amino acids which are chemically

linked together by chemical bonds between

carboxyl alpha amino groups on amino acids

(Co-NH)

7.8 Draw the general structural formular for

alpha amino

General Objective 8.0: Understand the Classification of Amino Acids and their structures

8.1 Classify amino acids on the basis of the

chemical nature of the side groups.

8.2 Describe the hydrolysis of protein to give

amino acids as their final product.

8.3 Place given structural formula of any

amino acid in the correct class as in 5.11

above.

8.4 Explain D and L isomers within the amino

acids.

8.5 Explain the amphoterism of amino acids.

8.6 Write equations to show the ionization of a

named amino acid in solutions.

8.7 Interprete a given titration curve for a given

Identify amino acid generally

and specifically.

Amino acid standards and

test samples, Ninhydrin.

Amino acid analyzer

chromatographic tanks

Glass plate and

chromatographic clumns

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amino acid

8.8 Define the term isoelectric point.

8.9 Determine the isoelectric point from a

given titration curve.

8.10 State the solubility of an amino acid on

either side of the isoelectric point.

8.11 Explain why proteins are precipitated at

their isoelectric points.

8.12 Explain the application of 5.18 above in

the separation of amino acids.

8.13 Explain the general reactions of amino

acids due to (a) NH2 group and (b) -CooH

group.

8.14 Describe the specific reactions of amino

acids due to the side groups.

8.15 Explain that peptides are formed by

condensation of amino acids and hydrolysis of

proteins.

8.16 Write an equation to show the formation

of dipeptide.

General Objective 9.0: Understand the structure and behaviour of Proteins

9.1 Explain the primary, secondary, tertiary

and quartenary structure of proteins.

9.2 List the types of interactions involved in:-

Lecture Blackboard precipitate a protein from

solution at its IEP and show

that at other pH values it

remains in solution

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a) Secondary

b) Tertiary and

c) Quartenary structures of

proteins.

9.3 List examples to illustrate the structural

organization in 5.27 above.

9.4 Describe denaturation of proteins with

examples.

9.5 Explain that the denaturation is the result

of an unfolding of the natural structure of the

protein molecule and may or may not be

reversible.

9.6 Expain why proteins are precipitated at

their isoelectric point.

General Objective 10.0: Understand the nature of enzymes

11-13

Enzymes

10.1 Define enzymes as proteins specialized

to catalyse biological reactions at a rapid rate

within a narrow range of temperature and pH.

10.2 Define substrate as the substance on

which the enzyme acts.

10.3 Define active site as that region of the

enzyme molecule where substrate

transformation occurs.

10.4 Explain the distinctive features of

enzymes i.e. specificity, high catalytic rate and

Lecture Blackboard Investigate the rate of a

catalysed reaction (catalase

and H2O2) at different

concentrations of substrate

and at different pH and

temperatures

yeast as source of

catalase, hydrogen

peroxide burette for

measuring gas production

stop clock glassware etc

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directive effect.

10.5 Illustrate with examples the distinctive

features in 6.4 above.

10.6 Classify enzymes as oxido-reductases,

Transfeases, Hydrolases, Lyases,isomerases

and ligases.

10.7 List examples of enzymes belonging to

each the classes in 6.6 above

10.8 Explain that many enzymes require metal

ions and/or organic molecules which act as

cofactors.

10.9 Explain that the efficiency of enzyme

action is dependent on such factors as pH,

temperature, substrate concentration, ionic

environment activators and inhibitors.

10.10 Draw profiles to show the effect of pH,

temperature and substrate concentration on

the rate of enzyme activity

10.11 Define the terms optimums pH and

optimum temperature.

Lecture Classroom Determine the effect of pH of

the velocity of enzyme

catalyses reaction.

Determine the effect of

temperature on the velocity of

enzyme catalysed reaction.

Explain each of

the experimental

steps

General Objective 11.0: Understand vitamins and minerals found in the Living cell

Vitamins

11.1 Explain the importance of vitamin

supplements

11.2 Define the water soluble vitamins

11.3 Explain the general functions of water

Lecture with

charts and

drawing

Overhead

projector

Determination of Ascorbic

acid using

titration\colorimetric method.

Assist students to

carry out the

experiment.

Ascorbic acid standard,

Burette, Colorimeter and

accessories.

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soluble vitamins.

11.4 List the deficiency diseases.

11.5 Define fat soluble vitamins

11.6 Explain the general functions and the

deficiency diseases of fat soluble vitamins.

Assessment:

Coursework/ Assignments 10%; Practical 40%; Examination 50%

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Biochemistry by Stryer, published by Freeman

Salters Advanced Chemistry Activities and Assessment Pack published by Heinemann

202

Course: Maintenance and Repair of Science and Electronic Equipment

Department/ Programme: SLT (National Diploma)

Course: Maintenance and Repair of Science and Electronic Equipment Course Code: STP 221 Credit Hours: 4

Year: 2 Semester: 2 Pre-requisite: Electronics Theoretical:

Practical:

hours/week 1 hours

hours /week 3 hours

General Objectives

On completion of this module, students should be able to

1. Understand the concept of maintenance

2. Identify the basic tools and instruments used in maintenance and repairs of science and electronic equipment.

3. Identify some electronic components and know their specifications

4. Understand soldering techniques

5. Understand circuit layout on chassis

6. Understand troubleshooting and fault isolation in science and electronic equipment

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General Objective 1: Understand the concept maintenance

1.1 Define

maintenance

1.2 State the

different types of

maintenance

1.3 List procedures

involved in carrying

out maintenance

1.4 State when to

carryout each of the

types of

maintenance.

Lecture .Mention the two types

of maintenance

i Correctives and

ii Preventive maintenance

Classroom

Resources

Carryout preventive

maintenance on

some selected

science and

electronic

equipment

Demonstrate how to carry

out preventive

maintenance on some

selected equipment in the

laboratory

Selected equipment, maintenance

tools.

1-2

1.5 Distinguish

between equipment

and operator failure

1.6 Explain "down

time" and the causes

of down time

1.7 Explain over head,

check an malfunction

Lecture with examples

General Objective 2: identify the basic serving tools and instrument used in maintenance and repairs of science and electronic equipment

Know some basic

servicing tools an

instruments and

explain the use of

each of them

List the basic servicing tools

and instrument as multimetre,

oscilloscope, soldering iron

and soldering lead, screw

driver and spanner, allen keys,

methylated spirit etc and

explain the use of them.

Lecture Demonstrate the

correct ways of

using given tools

and equipment as in

column two.

Demonstrate the use tools

and listed instrument in

column two.

Maintenance tools

Objective 3: Identify components and know their specifications

Identify components

and know their

specifications

Show the students some

electronic components and

identify them. Draw the symbols

for each and direct them on how

to obtain information on the

components from databook

Classroom

resources

and databook

Allow the students

to obtain information

on some electronic

components using

data book

Allow students to obtain

information on some

electronic components

using data book

Electronic components

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Use colour codes to

obtain the resistance

values of resistors

Explain to the students how to

use colour codes to obtain

resistance values of different

resistors

Resistors of

different

values

Identify resistors

using their colour

codes

Make available resistors of

different values and allow

students to obtain their

values using the colour

codes

Resistors of different values

Understand the use

of instruments e.g.

multimeter to know

the conditions of

components

Use of instruments

e.g. multimeter to

know the conditions

of components

Make available some

electronic components and

allow students to use

appropriate instruments to

know the condition of the

components

Measuring Instruments e.g.

multimetre,oscilloscope

General Objective 4: understand soldering techniques

4.1 Describe

soldering and de-

soldering techniques

4.2 List all the

precautions to be

taken before and

when

i. Soldering

ii. De soldering

Lecture Classroom

resources

Carry out basic

soldering practice

Demonstrate some basic

soldering and de-soldering

technique

Copper wire, soldering iron, soldering

lead,connecting wires

4.2 Select appropriate

soldering lead and

soldering iron

4.3 Distinguish

between good and

dry joint.

Lecture Carryout basic

soldering practice

Group the students and

allow each group to carry

out some basic soldering

and de-soldering

techniques. Supervise and

grade

Copper wires soldering iron and

soldering lead.

General Objectives: 5 Understand the layout of components on chassis

5.1 List the different

types of boards

5.2 Interpret and

explain circuit

diagrams

Identify different

types of boards

Show the students different

types of board e.g.

Veroboard bread board etc

Layout components

on a veroboard from

a given circuit

Let the students use the

circuit diagrams for

Single stage

Circuit diagrams of single stage

amplifier regulated power supply unit

etc

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diagram. amplifier,power supply unit

etc to layout components

on veroboard.

General Objection 6: Understand troubleshooting and fault isolation in science and electronic equipment

6.1 Explain the two

general methods of

fault-finding

State and explain the two

general methods of fault-

finding: i. Static testing [point

to point testing]

ii. Dynamic testing [signal

testing]

Classroom

resources

Carryout point to

point testing on

some equipment

Group the students and let

them carry out point to

point testing on some

equipment. Supervise the

students closely

Testing instrument/ equipment e.g.

power supply unit, signal generator

etc.

Carryout out

dynamic testing

using injectors on

equipments.

Group the student and let

them carry out dynamic

testing .Supervise the

students closely.

Testing instrument/ equipment e.g.

power supply units, signal generator

etc.

Trace and rectify

faults in equipment

Introduce faults into some

equipment and allow

students to trace the fault

and rectify it.

14-15

construct a

regulated power

supply unit, single

stage amplifier etc.

Student should be made to

construct a regulated

power supply unit, single

stage amplifier etc. The

above should be graded

Various testing equipment, soldering

iron ,soldering lead, components for

the regulated power supply and

single stage amplifier and their

respective circuit diagrams

Assessment: Give details of assignment to be used:

Course Work/Assignment 15 %, Course Test 15 %, Practical 40 %, Examination 30 %

Recommended Textbooks and References:

Course Journal on Maintenance Workshop,No. 1984,NBTE

Simple equipment maintenance by Brown and Lewis Harcourt

206

Course: GLT, Module (vii) Vacuum Techniques, and Module (viii) Glassblowing

Department/ Programme:

Course: GLT, Module (vii) Vacuum Techniques, and Module (viii) Glassblowing Course Code: GLT 222 Credit Hours: 2

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

1 hours/week

1 hours /week

General Objectives

1. Know the principle of vacuum production.

2. Know common types of vacuum pumps

3. Know the use of vacuum gauges

4. Know the different types of glasses used as laboratory ware

5. Know glass hazards and precautions

6. Know the construction of simple glass ware

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General Objective 1: Know the principle of Vacuum Production.

1-3

1.1 Classify vacuum pressure

gauges e.g. low, medium high and

ultra high.

1.2 Explain the classification of 1.1

above.

1.3 List and explain the units in

vacuum technology e.g. the torr;

the mmHg; the micron, the

Newton; the pascal; etc.

1.4 Explain the effects of

temperature on the relationship

between pressure (P) and the

number of molecules (M) within a

giving vacuum system.

1.5 List the various component of a

simple vacuum set-up.

1.6 Explain the sequence of

operation of a simple vacuum

system.

Lecture

Show gauges to students

Lecture

Vacuum pressure

gauge

Operate a simple

vacuum system.

Lecture and demonstration

Get students involved in

the operation of vacuum

systems.

Vacuum pump

General Objective 2: Know common types of vacuum pumps

2.1 List common types of vacuum

pumps: rotary and diffusion pumps.

2.2 Describe the application of

each of the pumps in 2.1 above.

Lecture

Emphasize areas of

application of pumps.

Rotary pump

Diffusion pump

Operate the pumps in

2.2

Lecture and practical.

Ensure that each student

has access to and operate

a pump

Rotary pump

General Objective 3: Know the use of vacuum gauges

3.1 List and describe common

gauges e.g. McLeod gauge; the

vacustat; the pirani gauge; cold

and hot ionization gauges and U-

tube mano meters.

3.2 Explain the principle of

operation of the gauges in 3.1

above.

Lecture .

Show students some of

the gauges listed.

McLeod gauge

Vacustat

Pirani gauge

U-tube manometer

Demonstrate the use

of the gauges in 3.1

above.

Demonstration

Ensure that each student

has access to the gauges.

McLeod gauge

Vacustat

Pirani gauge

U-tube manometer

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6 - 7

3.3 Explain the care and handling

of the gauges in 3.1

3.4 Explain leak detection e.g. by

the use of High Frequency tester

(Test coil).

Lecture

Get students involved in

the care and handling of

gauges.

Use leak detectors for the

explanation.

Lecture

- do -

Test-coil

Detect vacuum leaks

using leak detectors.

Demonstrate the use of

vacuum leak detectors

Test-coil

General Objective 4: Know the different types of glasses used as laboratory wares

4.1 List types of glasses suitable

for laboratory glass wares e.g.

borosilicate, soda lime (soda

glass), silica glass

4.2 State properties of glasses in

4.1 above e.g. transparency and

durability etc.

Lecture and demonstration

Teacher brings samples to

class to show students.

Teacher uses the samples

brought to class to explain.

Passes samples round the

class.

Soda glass,

Borosilicate and

silica glass.

Identify types of glass

by chemical and

physical methods.

Lecture and practical

demonstration with soda

and borosilicate with rods.

Hot plate

phenolphthalein

Trichloroethylene

Beaker soda/pyrex.

General Objective 5: Know glass hazards and precautions

5.1 List hazards associated with

gas e.g. explosion, toxicity, fire etc.

5.2 Enumerate safety measures

adopted in glass blowing e.g. use

of didymium goggles and handling

gloves etc.

Lecture

Teacher tabulates hazards

and corresponding

solutions.

Taken students round

standard glass workshop

installation.

Lecture

Teacher shows students

samples of didymium

goggles and

demonstration how to

wear.

Encourages students to

view glasswork with the

goggles and compare with

bare eyes.

Didymium goggles

Handling gloves

Goggles safety

spectacles

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General Objective 6: Know the construction of simple glass wares

10 - 15

6.1 Identify various tools and

equipment used in glass blowing

workshops.

6.2 Describe and apply glass

cutting techniques.

6.3 Describe and apply various

methods of glass manipulation e.g.

simple point pulling.

Lecture and practical

demonstration.

Teacher parades a

number of these tools.

Teacher asks students to

tabulate tools draw and

label, and indicate uses.

Glass cutting knife

Calliper gauges

Three way fuel gas

filling top

Glass inspection

polarizer

Cork borer set.

Rotary air blower

e.g.

compressors types

EB 3B

Tweezers

Glass blowing

hanging tools

(cones)

Glass blowing

tapers 13x13mm.

Diamond glass

cutter

Bunsen burner for

annealing

Oxygen/air/gas

burners

Wooden corks

(Assorted)

Join two glass tubes.

Blow bulbs at the end

and in the middle of

tubes.

Construct T.Y joints

Construct U bends

Construct simple

glass wares e.g.

pipettes, burettes,

and test tube.

Calibrate the glass

ware.

Anneal glass

apparatus after

construction.

Lecture and practical

demonstration.

Teacher demonstration

and construction of bulbs

bands and joints T, Yate.

Lecture practicals

demonstration as above.

Teacher asks students to

do the constructions in

turns. Teacher goes round

encouraging.

See column 3.

Assessment:

Practical 100%

Recommended Textbooks & References:

210

Course: Practical Project and Seminar

Department/ Programme: National Diploma

Course: Practical Project and Seminar Course Code: STS 221 Credit Hours: 8

Year: Semester: Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

1 hours/week

7 hours /week

General Objectives

Students should be able to:

1. Select, with the help of lecturers, a laboratory based topic for investigation.

2. Decide, with the help of a lecturer, on an experimental investigation in that area.

3. Carry out a literature review of the topic, paying particular attention to the area selected for investigation.

4. Prepare a seminar on the proposed investigation

5. Give the seminar and defend the proposed investigation when questioned by the participants in the Seminar

6. Perform, under the supervision of lecturing staff, the experimental investigation over the course of the academic year.

7. Write a full project report in scientific format consisting of: (i) A free standing Abstract, (ii) Introduction, (iii) Methods (or Experimental), (iv)

Results, (iii) Discussion, (iv) References.

8. Prepare a seminar on the investigation, the results found and the conclusions drawn.

9. Give the seminar and defend the investigation when questioned by the participants in the Seminar

211

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General Objective 1 Select, with the help of lecturers, a laboratory based topic for investigation

Students are able to

1. Understand the process of

carrying out a research project and

seminar.

2. Explain the characteristics of a

good project/research investigation

3. List the different components of

research/project work

4. List the factors considered in

selecting a project/research

problems

5. Select a topic for investigation

Explain the process by

using the general

objectives 1-9 above.

Provide a list of proposed

investigations and help

students choose one.

Cooperation of all

lecturers, list of

topics, classroom

resources

General Objective 2: Decide, with the help of a lecturer, on an experimental investigation in that area

With help from the lecturer

students:

1. Understand the topic and areas

suitable for experimental

investigation.

2. Select the area of the topic and

design experiments for the

investigation

Discuss the topic and

areas for investigation

design experiments for the

student

Expertise of the

Lecturer

Desk chairs

paper and pen or

pencil

General Objective 3: Carry out a literature review of the topic, paying particular attention to the area selected for investigation

1. Read relevant books and

papers

Make relevant notes

Understand how the proposed

investigation complements the

existing literature

Check that students

understand relationship

between existing

knowledge and the

proposed investigation

Quiet areas for

talking

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General Objective 4: Prepare a Seminar on the proposed investigation

1. Students understand how to

prepare for presenting a seminar.

2. Students prepare for the

seminar

Revise how to prepare a

seminar (refer to the

Technical English course)

and Guide students

through their preparation

Classroom and

Library

Students begin relevant

experiments e.g.

analysis, synthesis,

measurement,

observations, data

collection etc

Laboratory

resources,

glassware,

chemicals, meters,

instruments

spectrometers etc

General Objective 5: Give the seminar and defend the proposed investigation when questioned by the participants in the Seminar

Student gives a seminar on the

proposed topic

Student answers questions from

the audience

Student adjusts proposed project

in light of comments made during

the seminar

Attend seminar, ask

questions designed to

challenge and improve

project, note helpful

comments from the

audience

Seminar room

Overhead

projector and

acetates

Students continue

relevant experiments

e.g. analysis, synthesis,

measurement,

observations, data

collection etc

Laboratory

resources,

glassware,

chemicals, meters,

instruments

spectrometers etc

General Objective 6: Perform, under the supervision of lecturing staff, the experimental investigation over the course of the Semester

6 - 12

1. Students can work under GLP

conditions, keeping notebook and

writing up experiments in a second

lab notebook (both notebooks hard

bound)

2. Students begin to draft their

report beginning with the

Introduction then methods then

results and, at a late stage their

conclusions

Advise and Guide

students

Make sure students are

writing up as they go

along and begin to write

the final report at about

week 7.

Students continue

experiments and data

collection

Guide and supervise

students. Review results

regularly making sure

that students understand

them and draw

appropriate conclusions.

Laboratory

resources,

glassware,

chemicals, meters,

instruments

spectrometers etc

General Objective 7: Write a full project report in scientific format consisting of: (i) A free standing Abstract, (ii) Introduction, (iii) Methods (or

Experimental), (iv) Results, (iii) Discussion, (iv) References

1. Students complete and submit a

full project report in the layout of a

Scientific report.

2. Students Write an Abstract that

stands alone and does not refer to

Revise how to prepare a

seminar (refer to the

Technical English course)

and Guide students

through their preparation

213

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the body of the report

3. Students the report consists of

an Introduction, Methods (or

Experimental), Results, Discussion

and References. (The Results and

Discussion may be combined as

Results and Discussion).

General Objective 8. Prepare a seminar on the investigation, the results found and the conclusions drawn.

1. Students understand how to

prepare for presenting a seminar.

2. Students prepare for the

seminar

Revise how to prepare a

seminar (refer to the

Technical English course)

and Guide students

through their preparation

General Objective 9 Give the seminar and defend the investigation when questioned by the participants in the Seminar

1. Student gives a seminar on the

proposed topic

2. Student answers questions from

the audience

Attend seminar, ask

questions

Seminar Room,

overhead

projector and

acetates

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:

Seminars 20%; Practical 40 %; Final Report 40%;

Recommended Textbooks & References: Scientific Journals (particularly reviews)

214

Course: Small Business Management I

Programme: Statistics (National Diploma)

Course: Small Business Management I Course Code: STA 225 Total Hours: 2

Year: 2 Semester: 4 Pre-requisite: Theoretical:

Practical:

1 hour /week

Goal: This course is designed to provide the student with the basic knowledge on the various tools used in the management of small-scale businesses.

General Objectives: On completion of this course, the diplomate will be able to:

1. Understand the nature of small-scale enterprises.

2. Understand the legal framework for small-scale enterprises.

3. Understand the role of governments in small-scale enterprises in Nigeria

4. Understand a business plan for a small-scale business enterprise.

5. Understand marketing management in a small business enterprise

6. Understand the general concept of production management

7. Know human capital needs for an enterprise

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General Objective 1 (STA 225): Understand the nature of small-scale enterprises.

1.1 Define the range and

scope of a small business.

1.2 Explain the importance of

a small business.

1.3 Describe the problems

associated with small

business operations.

Explain range, scope and

importance of a small scale

business.

Explain problems associated

with small business

operations.

Text Books

Journals

Publications

Select a small business

enterprise and indicate its

signs of success and

failures.

Use case studies based

on a local organisation.

Guide students in identifying

range, scope and importance of a

small scale business.

Internet and

relevant

websites

Guest speaker

on small

businesses

1.4 Describe types of

businesses that could be run

on a small scale.

1.5 Describe the merits and

demerits of being self-

employed

1.6 Identify the starting

problems and signs of failure

of a small business

Explain types of businesses

that could be

run on small scale, their

associated problems and

signs of failure during

operations.

Explain wage employment

and self

employment.

Explain the merits and

demerits of self employment.

Text Books

Journals

Publications

Select a small business

enterprise and indicate its

signs of success and

failures.

Use case studies based

on a local organisation.

Guide students in identifying types of

businesses that could be run on small

scale, their associated problems and

signs of failure during operations.

Internet and

relevant

websites

Guest speaker

on small

businesses

General Objective 2 (STA 226): Understand the legal framework for small-scale enterprises.

2.1 Explain the types of

business organization.

2.2 Identify the legal form of

business.

Explain the types of business

organization

Explain legal formation and

regulatory status of small

business.

Explain environmental factors

of business.

Text Books

Journals

Publications

Use CAMB to explain the

regulatory frame work of

small business.

Group work to set up a

small business - realistic

scenarios

Use of relevant

documentation taken from

the internet.

Guide students to identify the legal

formation and regulatory

status of small business.

Internet and

relevant

websites

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2.3 Describe the

environmental factors of

business - law of sales,

licenses, failure signs, etc.

2.4 Explain regulatory status

and formation of small

business.

Explain legal formation and

regulatory status of small

business.

Explain environmental factors

of business.

Text Books

Journals

Publications

Use CAMB to explain the

regulatory frame work of

small business.

Group work to set up a

small business - realistic

scenarios

Use of relevant

documentation taken from

the internet.

Guide students to identify the

environmental factors of business.

Internet and

relevant

websites

General Objective 3 (STA 226): Understand the role of governments in small-scale enterprises in Nigeria

3.1 Explain government

policies for small enterprises

development.

3.2 Explain the effects of

government policies on direct

and indirect assistance to

small businesses

Explain government policies

for small

enterprises development and

effects of the policies on

direct and indirect assistance

to these enterprises.

Text Books

Journals

Publications

Identify government

policies and their effects

on small scale business.

Guide students to evaluate the

contributions of the promoting bodies

(IDC, NASA, NERFUND, NDE,

NAPEP etc to growth of small

business in Nigeria.

Internet and

relevant

websites

3.3 State the role of the

following institutions in

promoting small enterprises

(a) Industrial Development

Centre (IDC)

(b) State Ministries of

Commerce and Industries.

Committees.

(d) Centre for Management

Development (CMD)

(e) National Directorate of

Employment (NDE)

(f) NAPPEP

(g) CIRD

(h) NERFUND

(i) NACRDB, NEPC

(j) NASSI, NASME, etc

Explain the following

institutions and their roles in

promoting small scale

enterprises.

- IDC, State Ministries of

Commerce,

State Export Promotion

Committees,

CMD, NDE, NAPPEP, CIRD

NERFUND

NACRDB, NEPC

NASSI, NASME, etc

Text Books

Journals

Publications

Identify and explain

beneficiaries of the

bodies. Promotion SME in

Nigeria.

Guide students to evaluate the

contributions of the promoting bodies

(IDC, NASA, NERFUND, NDE,

NAPEP etc to growth of small

business in Nigeria.

Internet and

relevant

websites

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General Objective 4 (STA 226): Understand a business plan for a small-scale business enterprise.

4.1 Explain business plan.

4.2 Explain the purpose of

business plan

4.3 Identify the components of

a business plan from project

development up to project

cost.

Explain business Plan, its

purpose and

components from project

development to project cost.

Text Books

Journals

Publications

Identify business plan.

Identify how to plan in

small business.

Formulate a business plan

for a particular project.

Guide students to:-

Work in pairs to develop a relevant

business plan.

Refer to business planning

information on the internet

Present the plans and justify the

goals

Internet and

relevant

websites

4.4 State the necessary steps

in carrying out financial

analysis and planning for a

small business

4.5 Compare personal goal

and business goals.

4.6 Identify influences of

family goals in business goals

Explain steps in carrying out

financial

analysis and planning for a

small business.

Explain personal goals and

business goals.

Explain influences of family

goals an business goals.

Invite a successful

entrepreneur to give a talk.

Text Books

Journals

Publications

Identify business plan.

Identify how to plan in

small business.

Formulate a business plan

for a particular project.

Guide students to:-

Work in pairs to develop a relevant

business plan.

Refer to business planning

information on the internet

Present the plans and justify the

goals

Internet and

relevant

websites

General Objective 5 (STA 226): Understand marketing management in a small business enterprise

5.1 Understand the basic

concept of marketing.

5.2 Identify the steps in

conducting market surveys to

determine demand and

supply for particular products.

5.3 Identify markets for

specific products.

Explain basic concepts of

marketing.

Explain steps in conducting

marketing survey to

determine demand and

supply for particular products.

Explain how to identify

markets for specific products.

Text Books

Journals

Publications

Identify the process of

conducting a marketing

survey.

Identify appropriate

training strategies for

products produced on a

small scale.

Guide students to use the internet to

identify the marketing needs of small

business enterprises.

Internet and

relevant

websites

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5.4 Identify channels of

distribution for a selected

product or service.

5.5 Explain the promotional

and sales activities for a

selected product or service

5.6 Explain appropriate

pricing strategies

Explain channels of

distribution for a selected

product or service.

Explain promotional and sales

activities for a selected

product or service

Explain appropriate pricing

strategies

Text Books

Journals

Publications

Identify the process of

conducting a marketing

survey.

Identify appropriate

training strategies for

products produced on a

small scale.

Guide students to use the internet to

identify the marketing needs of small

business enterprises.

Internet and

relevant

websites

General Objective 6 (STA 226): Understand the general concept of production management

6.1 Explain the basic

concepts of production

6.2 Explain choice of

appropriate technology

6.3 Identify types and sources

of machinery and equipment.

6.4 Explain the installed

capacity.

6.5 Explain the utilized capacity.

Explain the basic concepts of

production

Explain choice of appropriate

technology

Explain types and sources of

machinery and equipment,

their

installed and utilized capacity.

Text Books

Journals

Publications

Sample

business

Identify appropriate

technology for different

types of SME.

Identify sources of

machinery and material

from the internet.

Identify appropriate

locations and their

problems for SMES

Guide students to prepare a

case study on the location of an

industry and factory layout

Oversee group work and guide

reference to relevant web sites

Internet and

relevant

websites

6.6 Identify sources of raw

materials.

6.7 Describe factory location and

factors in the selection of site.

6.8 Describe factory layout.

6.9 Explain plant and

machinery maintenance.

6.10 Explain Plan and

scheduling.

Explain sources of raw

materials.

Explain factory location, its

layout

and safety measures.

Explain Plant and machinery

maintenance.

Explain plan and scheduling.

Text Books

Journals

Publications

Sample

business

Identify appropriate

technology for different

types of SME.

Identify sources of

machinery and material

from the internet.

Identify appropriate

locations and their

problems for SMES

Guide students to prepare a

case study on the location of an

industry and factory layout

Oversee group work and guide

reference to relevant web sites

Internet and

relevant

websites

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6.11 Explain quality control

issues.

6.12 Explain factory safety

measures.

6.13 Identify problems of

production in the Nigerian

situation.

6.14 Explain how to cope with

production problems in

Nigeria.

Explain quality control.

Explain problems of

production in the

Nigerian situation and how to

cope with them.

Organise a field trip to a

successful small business

establishment.

Text Books

Journals

Publications

Sample

business

Identify appropriate

technology for different

types of SME.

Identify sources of

machinery and material

from the internet.

Identify appropriate

locations and their

problems for SMES

Guide students to prepare a

case study on the location of an

industry and factory layout

Oversee group work and guide

reference to relevant web sites

Internet and

relevant

websites

General Objective 7 (STA 226): Know human capital needs for an enterprise

7.1 Identify human capital

needs for an enterprise.

7.2 Explain recruitment

procedures.

7.3 Explain need for training

of workers.

7.4 Explain how to motivate

workers.

Explain human capital

management

and its needs for small

business enterprises.

Explain recruitment

procedures

Text Books

Journals

Publications

Cardboard

Identify the recruitment

compensation and training

procedures of workers in

SMES.

Identify problems of

human capital

management and how to

solve them in SMEs

Guide students to prepare

organizational charts for SME and

how to forecast their employment

needs.

Internet and

relevant

websites

7.5 Explain how to

compensate workers.

7.6 Explain organization of

work force, organizational

chart.

7.7 Explain problems of

human capital management in

Explain need for training of

workers.

Explain how to motivate. and

compensate workers

Explain organization of work

force.

Guide students to prepare

Text Books

Journals

Publications

Cardboard

Identify the recruitment

compensation and training

procedures of workers in

SMES.

Identify problems of

human capital

management and how to

solve them in SMEs

Guide students to prepare

organizational charts for SME and

how to forecast their employment

needs.

Internet and

relevant

websites

220

Theoretical Content Practical Content

Week Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources Specific Learning

Outcomes

Teacher's activities Resources

small business enterprises.

7.8 Explain how to cope with

the problems of human capital

management.

organizational,

chart for a small business

enterprise.

Explain problems of human

capital

management in small

business enterprises and how

to cope with them.

Assessment: Give details of assignments to be used:

Coursework/Assignments %; Course test %; Practical %; Project %; Examination %

Type of Assessment Purpose and Nature of Assessment (STA 226) Weighting (%)

Examination Final Examination (written) to assess knowledge and understanding 0

Test At least 1 progress test for feed back. 25

Practical / Project Project with group (25%) and individual (50%) components to be assessed by the teacher 75

Total 100

Recommended Textbooks & References:

Science Laboratory Technology, National Diploma (ND) 161459 161459e

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