195603

Organization

of

a Program

library

for

a

Digital

Computer

Center ·

..

Werner

l.

Frank

Growth

of

I.

B.

M.

Electronic Data Processing

Operations

on the

West

Coast

·

..

Neil

D.

Macdonald

Translating Spoken English

into

Written

Words

·

..

Edmund

C.

Berkeley

"Automation":

Lecture by Historian ·

..

Allan

Lytel

I.

B.

M.

Trust Suit Ended

by

Decree

; ,

......

,

H~"""'~~~

,...,~

,

...

~,

'"~

~

~"""'-'$

~

,

U"'~.,

-~~,'~,

:

'''N~'

~"~

,.,

~,,'"

W~

-

~--";»:;Mt<>/"

~~~»,

'"

i

ADVANCED

°l1l111un-

.

Ie

ations

The design of modern communications equipment

involves much more than electronic circuit tech-

niques. Keyboards and coders are often required

to translate the intelligence to be transmitted into

"machine language:' Recording and reproducing

devices

store

intelligence until the equipment is

ready to transmit it,

or

hold received intelligence

until it can be translated back into human language

by a printer

or

other output display device.

The combination of such mechanical and electro-

mechanical techniques with the better known

but

still developing techniques

of

electronic circuit

design makes of modern communications a much

broader field than

is

commonly recog':lized. When

such technical tools are used to provide equipment

tailored to our rapidly improving understanding of

propagation phenomena and information theory,

the resulting practical improvements in communi-

cation are sometimes little'short

of

spectacular.

The

growing communications activities

of

The

Ramo-

Wooldridge Corporation have generated requirements

for additional physicists and engineers

with

substan-

tial experience

in

research, development, or production

engineering

on

advanced airborne and ground-based •••

•

Communication,

Navigation

and

ECM

Systems

• HF, VHF,

and

UHF

Transmitters

and

Receivers

•

Precision

Electro-Mechanical

Equipment

•

Magnetic

Recording

Systems

•

Signal

Analysis

Equipment

•

Video

and

Pulse

Circuitry

•

Miniaturization

and

Packaging

Part of Communications Equipment

Pilot Production Activities

Ramo-Wooldridge

Corporation

;'

COMPUTERS

AND

CYBERNETICS

•

ROBOTS

•

AUTOMATION

AUTOMATIC

CONTROL

Vol.

5, No. 3

March,

1956

ESTABLISHED

SEPTEMBER,

1951

ARTICLES

Organization

of a Program

Library

for

a

Digital

Computer

Center

Translating

Spoken

English

into

Written

Words

Growth of I.B.M.

Electronic

Data

Processing

Operations

on

the

West

Coast

I.B.M.

Trust

Suit

Ended

by

Decree

Prohlems Placed

on

an

Automatic Computer

REFERENCE

INFORMATION

International

Analogy Computation Meeting,

Brussels,

Belgium,

Sept.

26

to

Oct.

2,

1955

--

Program, and

Titles

of

Papers

Publications

for

Business

on

Automatic Computers:

Reference

Listing

New

Patents

FICTION

FORUM

Automation:

Lecture

by

Historian

IBM

702 Computing

Service

Automation Meeting and

Exhibition,

Paris,

France, June 18-24, 1956

Highlights

of

the

International

Analogy Computation

Meeting,

Brussels,

Belgium,

Sept.

26

to

Oct 2, 1955

Glossary of Computer Terms:

Comment

Inventories

and Economic Order

Quantity

Symposium

on

Analog Computers, Kansas

City,

April

10-11, 1956

Comments

on

the

"Who's

Who",

etc.

Application~

to

AStronomical

Calculations

• ••

W.

L.

Frank

•••

E.

C.

Berkeley

•••

N.

D.

Macdonald

•••

N.

D.

Macdonald

•

••

N. Chapin

•

••

R.

Skolnick

• • • A.

Lytel

• •

,.

A.

R.

Zipf

•

••

F.

H.

Raymond

·

..

.

E.

L.

Harder

•

••

F.

A.

Brown

• ... C.

G.

Levee

•

••

p,.

Armer

·

,.

.

B.

Danch

6

9

10

22

24

15

26

32

20

13

14

25

30

31

38

42

The

Editor's

Notes

•••

4 Index

of

Notices

•••

4

Advertising

Index

••••

46

Editor:

Edmund C.

Berkeley

Assistant

Editors:

Neil

D.

Macdonald,

F.L

Walker

Advisory

Committee:

SalIluel B.

Willia~s,

Herbert

F.

Mitchell,

Jr.,

Justin

Oppenheim

Contribu

ting

Edi

tors:

Andrew

D.

Booth,

John

....

Breen,

John

W.

Carr,

III,

Alston

S.

Householder,

Fletcher

Pratt

Publisher:

Berkeley

Enterprises,

Inc.

Publication

Office:

513

Avenue

of

the

Americas,

New

York

21,

N.Y. -Algonquin 5-7177

Editorial

Office:

36 West

11

Street.,

New

York, 11, N.Y. -Gramercy 7-1157

Branch

Office:

R15

Washington

Street.,

Newtonville

60, Mass. -

Decatur

2-5453

or

2-3928

Advertising

Representatives:

San

Francisco

-

W.

A.

Babcock.

605

Market

St.,

San

Francisco

5,

Calif.

Yukon 2-3954

Los

Angeles

-Wentworth F.

Green,

439

So.

Western

Ave.,

Los

Angeles

5,

Calif.

Dunkirk 7-8135

elsewhere

-

the

Publisher

COMPUTERS

AND

AUTOMATION

is

published

monthly.

Copyright,

1955

by

Berkeley

Enterprises,

Inc.

Subscription

rates:

$5.50

for

one

year,

$10.50

for

two

years,

in

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes;

$6.00

for

one

year,

$11.50

for

two

years,

in

Cana-da; $6.50

for

one

year,

$12.

~

for

two

years

elsewhere.

Bulk

subscription

rates:

see

page

2S

Advertis-

ing

rates:

see

page

4

....

Entered

as

second

class

matter

at

the

Post

Office,

New

York,

N.

Y.

- 3 -

THE EDITOR'S NOTES

The

Computer

categories

listed

above.

The

Y

character

further

breaks d 0

tV

n

the

X

class,

tl/hile Z

indicates

Ivhether

the

routine

operates

in

fixed

(0),

floating

(F)

,

complex (C),

etc.

The

tens

digit

of

the

nu-

merical

part

designates

a

specific

function

or

operation

while

the

unit

digit

specifies

the

version

or

method employed.

To

illustra

t e ,

we

choose

the

class

entitled

Function

Evalua-

tion

(M)

and

list

a

possible

breakdOtvn:

Function

Evaluation

(M)

1.

Trigonometric

Functions

(T)

MTO-OO

MTO-OI

Sine-Cosine

(radians)

Small

angle

Sine-Cosine

- 7 -

Automation

MTO-02

MTO-IO

MTO-30

MID-31

MID-40

MTF-OO

MTF-IO

MTF-30

MTF-40

Sine-Cosine (degrees)

Arcsine-Arcosine

Tangent

(radians)

Tangent (degrees)

Arctangent

Floating

Point

Sine-Cosine

Floating

Point

Arcsine-Arcosine

Floating

Point

tangent

Floating

Point

arctangent

2.

Exponentials

and Roots

(P)

3.

MPO-OO

MPO-lO

MPO-20

MPO-30

MP0-40

MPF-OO

MPF-lO

MPF-40

Square Root

Cube

Root

pth

Root

Fractional

Power

(xY)

Routine

e

to

x power

Floating

Point

Square Root

Floating

Point

Cube

Root

Floating

Point

Exponent i a 1

(eX)

Logari thmic

(0

MLO-OO

MLO-IO

MLF-lO

Logarithm Base 2

Natural

Logarithm

Floating

Point

Natural

Loga-

rithm

4.

Special

Functions

(S)

In

addition

to

this

vertical

grouping,

it

is

desirable

to

include

some

horizontal

organ-

ization.

Hence,

if

ICF-lO

is

a

floating

point

card

input

routine

one

would

expect

OCF-IO

to

be

this

routine's

counterpart

in

the

0 u t

put

category.

NOtv

it

is

a

simple

task

to

add

to

t

II

i s

nomenclature

further

information.

It

is

pos-

sible,

for

example,

to

interpret

the following:

MID-II r - This

routine

is

a

revision

MID-II 0 - This

routine

is

now

obsolete

MTO-il

i-This

routine

is

available,

but

not

in

the

active

form

Standardization

A

standard

format

for

library

routines

is

important

since

it

serves

to

facilitate

recog-

ni

tion

and

learning

.of

new

subroutines.

It

also

develops

modes

of

operation

within

the

corrp.d:-

ing

center

by

establishing

procedures

tdth

re-

gard

to

parameter

presentation,

s u

br

0

uti

n e

entries,

scaling

conventions,

etc.

There

are

three

basic

parts

compris

in

9

the

description

of

a

particular

routine:

(I)

Summary

concerning

the

structure

and

Computers

and

Automation

(2)

application

of

the

ttfO

pages).

program (one

or

ary

in

order

to

keep

the

programming

staff

in-

formed

of

the

current

state

of

the

organizatkn.

Details

of

the

routine

and descriptim

of

the

method employed.

(3)

Code

listing

of

the

program.

The

first

section

should be

self-contain-

ed

and encompass

the

information

needed

by

the

programmer

to

successfully

employ

the

routine.

This should

include:

(a)

Name

and

label

of

the

routine.

(b)

Type

of

routine

(supervisory

or

sub-

routine)

•

(c)

Number

of

words

of

the

program.

(d)

Temporary

~torage

requirements.

(e)

Description

of

the

function

0 f

the

program with

sufficient

information

to

indicate

its

capacities

and lim-

itations.

(f) Programming procedure,

including

pa-

rameters needed

and

form

of

the entry.

(g) Accuracy

of

the

computation.

(h)

Duration.

0)

Special

remarks concerning

use

0 f

alarm

indications,

constant

pools,

etc

•

.

(j)

Name

of

the

individual

who

coded

the

routine.

(k)

Date

of

issue

of

the

routine.

The

second

part

further

delineates

the

information

contained

in

the

initial

summary.

The

mathematical method employed s h 0 u 1 d b e

presented

here,

giving

the

adaptions made, tnth

adequate

references

to

source

material.

When

applicable,

an

error

analysis

should

describe

the

accuracy of

the

process,

considering

the

effects

of

both

truncation

and

round-off.

Ex-

amples

relating

to

input,

computation

and

out-

put of

the

routine

ought

to

be

given.

A

val-

uable

addition

to

a

routine

of

major

propooctlon

is

a

description

of

the

resul

ts

l~hich

tV

ere

obtained

by

application

of

the

program

to

some

selected

cases.

The

code-listing

comprises

too

third

s e

c-

tion.

It

should be

fully

annotated,

g

ivin

g

comments

and symbols

in

order

to

faci

1 i

tate

tracing

through

the

steps

of

the

program.

I

The

most complete

presentation

0 f

the

routine

tvill

incorporate

all

three

of

the

above

parts.

In

this

form

the

copy

is

suitable

for

di

stribution,

not

only

wi

thin

the

co m p u

tin

g

center,

but

also

as

part

of

the

exchange

pro-

gram

existing

between

the

various

facilities.

Distribution

The

Program

Library

is

one

of

the

maj

0 r

sources

reflecting

the

status

and

capabilitres

of a computing

center.

Prompt and

effic

i

en

t

distribution

of

available

routines

is

necess-

- 8 -

The

exchange

of

information

between

var-

ious computing

organizations

is

also

facili-

tated

through

the

distribution

of

the

library

programs.

By

this

means

each group

has

the

opportuni

ty

to

compare

operations

leadi

n g t 0

more

efficient

use

of

the

machine and

to

better

techniques

of

computation.

A

disadvantage

resulting

from a

wide

dis-

tribution

of

the

Program

Library

is

the

re-

sponsibility

which

is

involved

in

maintaining

the

material

up-to-date.

Experience has

shown

that

no

routine

remains

static.

Changes a

re

made

with

respect

to

storage

assignments,

pa-

rameter

requirements and

more

often,

err

0 r s

are

detected

in

the

original

write-ups.

Even

a minor change

or

correction

may

invalidate

a

routine

description.

To

reduce

the

probability

of

issuing

re-

VISIons

it

may

be

necessary

to

Impose s 0 m e

restrictions

on

the

general

routine

description

explained

above. Thus,

excluding

the

cod

e

listing

from

the

wider

library

distribut

ion

represents

one

possibili

ty

since

infre

que

n t

references

are

made

to

this

section

and

it

is

relatively

useless

to

persons

unfamiliar

with

the

code. However,

the

code

l.isting

rna

y

be

made

available

upon

request.

Another

suggestion

is

to

limit

tempor a 1

information,

such as

storage

assignmen,ts

an

d

entrance

requirements

to

the

first

section.

Hence,

when

these

more

frequent

changes

are

made,

only

the

first

portion

of

the

write-up

is

invalidated

and

consequently

a

rev

is

ion

affects

only one

or

two

pages.

The

publication

of

a

periodic

1

ib

r a r y

bulletin

serves

to

correct

typographical

e

r-

rors

and

keeps

the

library

users

informed

of

impending changes

or

additions

to

the

Program

Library.

This

device

is

especially

useful

in

filling

the

gap between

an

error

IS

detectio

n

and

the

publication

of

a program

revision.

Finally,

a word should be

said

concerning

the

relationship

between

the

Program

Library

and

the

staff

of

the

computing

center.

It

has been found

that

persons

t-vho

use

the

library

routines

over

an

extended

peri

0 d

of

time soon

require

only a

basic

amo

un

t

of

information

concerning

a

particular

r ou

ti

ne.

At

this

point

the

first

part

of

the

full

de-

scription

of

the

routine

becomes a

convenient

and

condensed form which

will

serve

this

r

e-

quirement.

Therefore,

it

is

desirable

to issue

to

such persons a

full

Program

Library

and

also

a condensed

vers

ion

made

up

of

the

sum

rna

r y

sheets

of

each

routine.

TRANSLATING

SPOKEN

ENGLISH

INTO

WRITTEN

WORDS

EOMUND

C.

BERKELEY

Recently

in

"Computers and

Automation"

(in

The

Editor's

Notes

for

December,

1955)

we

re-

ferred

to

the

problem

of

trans

lating

s

po

ken

English

into

properly

spelled

English

wor

d s •

This

problem

has two

parts:

Part

1

consists

of

recognizing

spoken

sounds

and

writing

them

down

as

English

phonemes,

sounds

which

carry

meaning,

such

as

"p"

in

"cup",

"ng"

as

in

"sing",

th

e

"eh"

in

"very",

and

the

longer

"eh"

in

"vary";

Part

2

consists

of

converting

the

sets

of

pho-

nemes

into

properly

spelled

English

words.

Part

1

of

the

problem

is

being

worked 0 n

under

the

direction

of

Professor

Wi

11 i a m

N."

Locke

of

Mass.

Inst.

of

Technology,

head

of

the

Department

of

Languages and

author

of

the

article

"Translation

by

Machine"

printed

in

the

"s c

i-

entific

Amerlcan" ,

January,

1956. The work

is

being

carried

out

by

Dr.

Morris

Halle

and

George

W.

Hughes

in

the

Acoustics

Laboratory

of

M.I.T.

About two

years

ago a

protytype

mac

hi

n e

that

distinguishes

between

vowels and consonants,

successful

about

9~1o

of

the

time,

was

finished;

the

machine was

christened

Grundoon,

aft

era

character

in

a comic

strip

who

speaks

only

i n

consonants.

When

you

look

at

an

oscilloscop

e

report

by Grundoon,

of

a

sentence,

you

see

a

vowel

as

a

great

cluster

of

waves

abo

v e and

below

the

base

line,

while

a

consonant

s ho w s

no

departures

at

all

from

the

base

line;

or

vice

versa,

depending

on a

switch.

In

January,

1956,

the

consonant

sounds

F,

SH,

and S

were

successfully

distinguis

he

d

by

electronic

gear.

The

separation

is

base

d

on

distinctive

differences

in

the

pattern

of

ener-

gies

at

various

sound

frequencies,

which

occur

during

the

pronunciation

of

the

consonant.

A

paper

detailing

the

technique

for

distinguish-

ing

them by machine

is

to

appear

shortly

in

the

"Journal

of

the

Acoustical

Society"

publishe

d

by

the

Institute

of

Physics,

New

York.

Currently,

the

work

in

the

laboratory

is

to

distinguish

electronically

between the sounds

P, T, and

K,

as

spoken

by

different

speakers.

For

example,

the

words

"LOOP,

LOOT,

LUKE,"

are

clearly

spoken

by

half

a dozen

different

speak-

ers,

recorded

on

magnetic

tape,

and played

over

and

over,

until

the

equipment

settings

differ-

entiate

them

by

automatic

analysis.

In

fact,

for

a

single

speaker,

all

the

problems

of

dis-

tinc

tion

of

phonemes

are,

according

to

Hall

e

a~d

Hughes,

so

easy

that

they

are

"not

inte

r-

es'ting".

The

essential

difficulty

at

the

present

stage

comes

in

designing

circui

ts

which

will

s

till

distinguish

the

sounds

when

di

f

fer

e n t

speakers

"clearly

enunciate"

the

same phonemes.

- 9 -

The

final

stage

will

come

in

distinguis

h

in

g.

different

sounds

spoken

by anybody

in

norm a 1

rapid

speech.

(In

fact,

I

will

predict

th

at

the

first

half

minute

of

listening

to

any

speak-

er

will

require

an

automatic

tuning

in

to

that

particular

person's

pattern

of

speech

sounds).

Similar

investigations

are

being

pursued

at

Bell

Telephone

Laboratories,

Murray

Hill,

N.

J.,

at

Haskins

Laboratories,

New

York, and

probably

elsewhere.

But

the

particular

prin-

ciples

being

used

in

the

investigation

at

M.

LT.

are

different:

they

are

the

principles

of

rec-

ognizing

distinctive

differences,

rather

than

recognizing

patterns

-on

the

theory

thatwhen

a

man

is

trying

to

find

his

l"ay

with

a map, a

small

number

of

judgments

made c

orrec

t 1 y

is

sufficient

for

him

to

tell

where on

the

map

he

is.

None

of

the

Ivork

being

investigated

at

the

laboratory

in

M.LT.

includes

the

problem

of

subsequent

correction

of

the

sounds

heard,

by

clues

from

context.

For

example,

suppos

e a

foreigner

speaking

English

says

to

you

"Please

sit

down

in

this

share."

You

correct

"share"

into

"chair"

a few

seconds

after

you

recognize

"sh"

in

your

brain,

by a

rapid

pro

c e s s

of

mental

query,

analysis,

and

correction,

using

possible

contexts.

This

process

is

of

course

important,

but

comes

later.

The added

value

of

the

investigation

at

M.I.T.,

if

finished

in

a

year

or

two,

instead

of

five

or

ten

years,

would

be simply enormous.

A

tremendous

vol

ume

of

work

is

done i

nth

e

business

world

and

elsewhere

all

through

s

0-

ciety,

which

involves

the

re~ognition

of

mean-

ingful

sounds

of

language,

phonemes.

Grea

t

quantities

of

work done by

typists,

stenogra-

phers,

dictating

machine

transcribers,

and

many

other

persons

are

waiting

to

be

mechanized.

Here

at

M.

I.

T.

is

a

place

whe"re,

if

the

present

annual

budget

of

$10,000

a

year

(provided

by

a

grant

from

the

National

Science

Foundati

0 n )

coul.d be

increased

through

gifts

and

furth

e r

support

to

$20,000

or

$30,000

a

year,

a v

er

y

great

gain

to

all

sorts

of

business

and

other

human

activities

would

soon

result.

-

END

-

Program

Library

(continued

from

page

8)

The

system

outlined

above

has

prov.ed

it-

self

effective

and

efficient,

reflec

tin

g

experiences

wi

th

the

Program

Library

0 f

the

Digital

Computer

Center

of

The Ramo-Wooldridge

Corporation

and

of

the

University

of

Illinois.

-

END

-

GROWTH

OF

I.B.M. ELECTRON"IC DATA

PROCESSING

WEST

COAST

OPERATIONS

ON

THE

NEIL

D.

MACDONALn

1.

A

multimillion

dollar

expansio

n

of

the

West

Coast

operations

of

International

Business

Machines

Corp.,

the

greatest

regional

expansion

program

in

the

company's

histor

y,

was

announced

in

Los

Angeles

on

Feb.

1.

The

program

includes:

1-

A new

thirteen-story

office

buildin

g

and

data

processing

center

of

advanced

design

in

Los

Angeles.

Construction

will

start

at

Wilshire

Boulevard

and

Mariposa

Avenue

in

mid-1956,

and

occu-

pation

by 600

IBM

people

t\'

ill

get

undertvay

in

mid-1957.

An

IBM

704 and

a 705

will

be

in

the

Data

Process

i n g

Center

here.

2-

A

six-story

office

building

now

near-

ing

completion

at

Market

and

Fro

n t

Streets

in

San

Francisco.

Occupation

by

nearly

300

IBM

people

will

begin

in

February.

3-

New

manufacturing,

engineering,

and

education

facilities

at

San

Jose.

Ap-

proximately

400,000

square

feet

wi

1 1

be

built

during

this

year

and

occupied

by

1,500

employees

beginning

in

the

fall

of

1956.

The net"

facili

ties

a t

San

Jose

tvill

be

built

on a

190-acre

site

in

a

campus-style

arrangement.

4-

A

new

office

building

in

Santa

Monica.

Over

150

people

moved

into

this

t w

0-

story

structure

in

mid-January.

5-

Data

processing

centers

in

Portland

and

Seattle.

These

facilities,

the

first

of

their

type

in

the

Pac

i f i c

Northwest

to

use

electronic

data

pro-

cessing

machines

(Type

650),

will

b e

installed

in

Portland

in

Mar

c h ,

in

Seattle

in

June.

Commenting on

the

building

pro

g

ram,

Mr. Thomas

J.

Watson,

Jr.,

president

of

IBM,

said:

"On

the

Pacific

Coast

there

is

the

lar-

gest

concentration

of

giant

electronic

c 0

m-

puters

in

the

world.

We

know

from

the

heal

thy

look

of

the

business

climate

out

here

that

the

surface

has

only

been

scratched

in

the

computer

and

data

process

ing

market.

'

Wi

thin

the

ne

x t

several

months,

scores

more

of

these

powerful

tools

will

be

installed

in

business,

industry,

-10 -

and

government

enterprises

in

California,

Or-

egon,

and

Washington.

This

is

a

major

reason

tvhy

IBM

is

building

in

Los

Angeles,

and

is

ex-

panding

its

acti

vi

ties

up

and

dOtvn

the

coastal

area."

The new

buildings

t..rill

provide

space

for

IBM

to

carry

out

every

phase

of

its

activities

-

research,

development

and

product

engineer-

ing,

manufacturing,

sales,

service,

and

educa-

tion4

II.

One

of

the

world

r s

greatest

concentrations

of

"electronic

brain

power"

has

grown 0 n

th

e

West

Coast

in

the

past

few

years.

Today,

these

machines

are

in

operation

throughout

the

area,

and

handle

a

wide

Variety

of

conunercial

and

technical

problems

for

business,

industry,

and

governmen

t.

Many

more wi 11

be

ins

ta

11 e

din

the

years.

A

large

part

of

this

"elec-

tronic

brain

power"

consists

of

IBM

electronic

computers.

At

the

beginning

of

1956,

over

25

of

the

five

IBM

types

of

electronic

data

pro-

cessing

machines

were

installed

and

in

opera-

tion

on

the

West

Coast,

with

scores

more

sched-

uled

for

delivery.

These

types

are

the

IBM

650

--

medium-sized

computer

(magnetic

drum)

-and

the

IBM

701,702,704,705

--

gia

n

t-

sized

electronic

computers.

In

addition,

there

are

several

hundred

IBM

electronic

calculators

such

as

the

IBM

604,

607 and

Card

Programm e d

Calculator

installed

on

the

Coast.

Following

are

some

'examples:

Richland.

Wash

•••••

The

General

Electric

Company

has

an

IBM

704

at

its

Hanford

Atom i c

Products

Operation;

it

is

used

for

scientific

and

engineering

design

and

technical

data

re-

duction.

The machine

also

processes'the

7,000

employee

weekly

payroll

and

handles

other

ac-

c oun

ting

problems.

.

Seat

tIe.

Wash. •

•••

The

Boeing

Airp

1

an

e

Company

has

had

a 701

since

December 1953 and

a 650

since

1

ast

June.

Both

machines

are

used

to

assis

t

engineers

and

des

igners

in

sol

v i n g

problems

involved

in

the

study

of

aerodynami~r

stress

and

structural

development,

and

flight

testing

of

supersonic

and

jet

aircraft

and

guided

missiles.

The company

will

install

a

705

later

this

year

to

handle

payroll

and

labor

distribution

for

its

40,000

employees

in

this

Computers

and

area,

material

requirements

and

stock

controL

and

accounts

payable,

which

usually

exc

e e d

over

50,000

open

purchase

orders.

Anong

the

650'

s

on

order

is

one

for

the

Uni

vers

i

ty

of

Washington

for

its

com

put

e r

center,

to

be

used

for

class

instruction

in

data

processing

and

numerical

analysis,

in

pure

science

research,

to

facilitate

grade

predic-

tion

studies

by

the

Admissions

Department,and,

for

about

two

hours

a month,

to

handle

the

uni-

versi

ty

9s

hourly

payroll

of

2,500.

The

grade

predic

tion

studies

are

expec

ted

to

have

tV

ide

application

in

the

educational

world.

LIF

E

Magazine

devoted

a page

of

its

January

9

issue

to

the

system,

which was

developed

by

Dr.

Paul

Horst,

executive

director

of

the

university's

counseling

and

testing

service

division.

Using

a

complicated

formula,

Dr.

Horst's

system

re-

quires

over

1,000

separate

additions

and

mul-

tiplications

to

obtain

each

student's

g r

ad

e

prediction

for

32

subjects

that

can

be

taken

in

four

years

of

college.

The

IBM

650

wi

1 1

compute one

forecast

in

about

five

sec

onds.

It

will

compute

predictions

for

an

entering

Freshman

class

of

3,000

students

in

the

tim

e

it

n01'l

requires

a

trained

clerk

to

work 0 u t

one

forecast

on a

desk

calculator.

Also

the

Department

of

Lighting,

of

Se-

attle,

Washington,

will

use

an

IBM

650

fo

r

computing

customer

electric

utility

bill

s,

load

statistics,

payroll

and

nel

data,

stores

accounting,

and

transporta-

tion

cost

allocation.

Portland.

Oregon

••••

One

of

the

650 's to

be

delivered

is

a machine

for

the

0

reg

0 n

Liquor

Control

Commission, which

plans

to

use

its

650,

in

this

instance

a

magnetic-tape

op-

erated

model,

to

provide

centralized

inventory

control

over

the

150

retail

outlets.

S u c h

control

is

not

possible

under

the

pre

sen

t

method;

the

commission

expects

the

resulti

n g

store

and

warehouse

stock

balance

integration

will

save

thousands

of

dollars

annually.

Also,

the

Bonneville

Power

Administration

will

use

its

650

to

compute

payroll,

distribu-

tion,

and

leave

records

and an

eng

in

e e

ring

study

of

load

flow.

The

use

of

a

digital

com-

puter

to

handle

the

load

flow

study

is

a

new

approach

and

is

expected

to

have

wide

appli-

cation

in

this

field.

San

Francisco.

Calif

•••••

The

Ban

k

of

Americ a

has

in

operation

at

its

nel..,

data

pro-

cessing

center

here

an

IBM

702

--

the

firs

t

large-scale,

general-purpose

machine

of

th

i s

type

to

be

installed

in

any

bank.

As

the

first

of

many

tasks

it

tdll

perform

for

the

ban

k,

the

702

is

processing

about

90,000

individual

real

estate

loan

accounts

for

customers

of

66

of

the

bank's

Bay

area

branches.

It

servic

e s

all

of

the

90,000

accounts

in

less

than

four

<\utomation

Jwurs..

It

is

expected

that

the

Type 702 com-

putations

will

serve

the

bank's

headquarters

as

well

as

branches

in

many

other

fie

1 d s 0 f

accounting.

Southern

Pacific

is

installing

two

Typ

e

650'

s,

the

first

primarily

for

pay

roll

and

labor

distribution

and

ports

for

20,000

employees

of

the

railroad

for

whom

payrolls

are

prepared

in

San

Francisco;

the

second,

for

other

large

volume

paperwork

procedures

in

passenger

and

freight

accounting.

To

facilitate

its

plans

to

extend

650

proced-

ures

to

payrolls

prepared

in

other

locations,

Southern

Pacific

has

ordered

four

IBM

0 a t a

Transceivers

for

the

telegraphic

transmission

of

timekeeping

and

payroll

punched

card

data

from

outlying

points

to

central

pro

c e s

si

n g

locations.

Another

650

is

scheduled

for

the

Cal

i-

fornia

Packing

Corporation,

world's

1 a

rg

est

canner

of

fruits

and

vegetables

- a

tap

e-

operated

650

--

to

handle

sales

analy

sis

re-

ports.

Other

probable

applic

ations

inc

1 u d e

raw

products

accounting,

accounts

receivable,

inventory

control,

order

allocation,

payroll,

cost

accounting,

and

operations

research

pro-

j

ects.

Another

650

will

go

to

Crot..,n

Zellerbach

Corporation,

which

plans

to

use

its

mac

h

in

e

ini

tially

for

the

preparation

of

c u s

tom

e r

orders,

and

later

for

invoice

t'lriting,

sales

accounting

and

statistics,

and

other

account-

ing

and

production

planning

application.

Another

650

will

go

to

the

Pac

i f i c

National

Fire

Insurance

Company, which w

ill

use

it

for

statistical

distribution

work

and

rating

and

coding.

The machine

will

eliminate

many

steps

in

the

company's

accounting

routines

and

provide

more

complete

records

for

manage-

ment

at

reduced

costs.

Another

650

will

go

to

the

U.

S.

P 0 s t

Office

Department

for

the

12th

Region

of

th

e

department's

Bureau

of

Finance.

This

650

is

one

of

12

being

installed

in

these

Post

Office

regions

throughout

the

country,

primarily

for

general

and

disbursement

accounting,

manage-

ment

reports

and man-hour

control.

The

12th

Region

here

is

responsible

for

the

payroll

of

12,500

postal

employees,

with

upcoming

changes

and

conversions

expected

to

swell

this

figure

to

41,000

by

June.

San

Jose.

Calif

.....

Stanford

University

has

just

installed

a 650

in

its

corn

put

in

g

center

here.

The

center

shares

the

rna

chi

n e

with

Stanford

Research

Institute

in

solving

more

complicated

mathematical

problems

t

han

it

was

poss

ible

to

solve

previously,

both

for

industrial

researchers

and

for

investigators

in

departments

of

the

university.

-

11

-

Computers

Moffet

t

Field,

Cal

if.

•

....

The

Nat

i

on

a 1

Advisory

Cormni

ttee

for

Aeronautics

has

a 65 °

in

operation

at

the

Ames

Aeronautical

Labora-

tory,

to

aid

in

solving

complex

mathematical

calculations

connected

with

aeronautical

r

e-

search

in

transonic

and

supersonic

flight

..

Sacramento,

Calif

........

The

State

of

Cal-

ifornia

Department

of

Employment

is

scheduled

to

start

using

its

702

this

month

for

process-

ing

unemployment and

disability

ins

u

ran

c e

claims..

This

is

the

first

state

to

apply

e

1-

ectronic

data

processing

equipment

to

s

tat

e

government

operations.

The 702

will

han

die

five

main

applications:

processing

of

about

20,000

claims

each

tveek,

involving

referenc

e

to

magnetic

tape

records

on

5,400,000

employ-

ees;

employer

notice

preparation

for

each

em-

ployer

affected

by a

claim;

fraud

rna

tc

h

to

detect

possible

cases

where

claims

have

been

paid

to

those

earning

wages above

stip

ula

ted

amounts;

keeping

wage

earnings

records

current

by

quarterly

up-dating

of

the

master

wage

rec-

ord,

td

th

each

up-dating

in

v 0 I

vi

n

gab

0 u t

8,000,000

change

items;

and

maintaining

employ-

er

accounting

records

for

400,000

employe

rs

,

of

tvhich

270,000

are

active

at

anyone

time;

determination

of

tax

rates

from

these

and

the

claims

records

..

The

State

of

California

Departmentm

Pub-

lic

Works

has

recently

ordered

a

650,

w h i c h

will

be

used

for

computing

problems

involve

d

in

the

construction

of

highways,

bridges,

and

other

public

works,

as

well

as

to

process

cost

accounting

and

inventory

data.

The

McClellan

Air

Force

Base

uses

an

IBM

650

for

inventory

control,

maintenance

costs,

and

the

projection

of

aircraft

parts

require-

ments

to

flOt'l

through

the

Sacramento

Air

M

a-

teriel

Area's

supply

pipe-line

..

Burbank.

Calif

......

The Lockheed

Aircraft

Corporation

has

tl'10

701'

s

installed

at

its

Cal-

ifornia

Division.

The

giant

machines

are

usu-

ally

in

operation

24

hours

a

day,

seven

da

y s

a week,

handling

both

engineering

and

produc-

tion

data.

Lockheed's

Mathematics

Analy

sis

Department

uses

the

machines

to

handle

a

wide

variety

of

problems

aircraft

design,

such

as

aerodynamic

performance

and

stability,

thermal

dynamics,

and s

truc

tural

and f 1 i g h t

dynamics.

Production

data

handled

on

the

701

's

by

Lockheed's

Factory

Data

Processing

G

ro

u p

include:

preparation

of

the

proj

ect

base

sched-

ule;

parts

schedul

ing;

shop

order

tV

r i

tin

g;

direct

labor

hour

forecasting;

parts

activity

ledgers..

Future

planned

applications

inclUde

material

control,

and

payroll

and

labor

d

is-

tribution.

Lockheed

will

soon

replace

the

tt."o

701

's

tvith

two

704'g

Ivhich

will

double

the

computing.

capacity

of

the

installation

..

Van

Nuys.

Calif

......

Marquardt

Aircraft

Company

has

a 650

at

its

Air

Force

Jet

Labor-

and

Automation

atory.

It

is

used

for

the

physical

conversion

of

pressure,

temperature,

and

fuel

measurements

sampled

at

high

speed

in

rantiet

devel

opme

n t

tests;

and

it

is

also

used

to

expedite

design

and

development

of

ranti

et

components

and

a

c-

cessories.

The

computer

processes

d a t a

in

to

calcula1;.ed

form

for

engineering

analysis

within

two and a

half

hours

after

completion

of

a

test

run

of

a

rantiet

--

five

times

faster

than

pre-

vious

methods

used.

The Systems

Research

Corporation

tfill

in-

stall

an

IBM

704

in

the

computing

center

it

is

planning

here.

The machine

will

be

uti

1

iz

e d

in

the

center's

solving

of

problems

of

complex

guidance

and

control

sys

tems,

both

techn

i

cal

and

military.

Canoga

Park.

Calif

.......

The

Rocketdy

n e

Division

of

North American

Aviation

tdll

install

a 704

in

the

near

future.

Problems

to

be

han-

dled

on

the

machine

include

the

reduction

and

analysis

of

rocket

engine

performance

d a t a

..

Atomics

International

Division

of

the

company

will

use

the

704

for

research,

design,

devel-

opment,

engineering,

and

produc

tion

prob

Ie

m s

associ

ated

with

nuclear

reac

tors

for

use

i n

industrial,

medical,

and

scientific

rese

arc

h ,

and

for

the

production

of

useful

power.

Los

Angeles,

Calif.

..

.....

Among

705'

son

order

here

are

machines

for

the

Auto

mob

i 1 e

Club

of

Southern

California,

the

Farmers

Insur-

ance

Group, and

the

Prudential

Insurance

Co

m-

pany

of

America.

The

Automobile

Club

will

use

its

705

to

handle

insurance

records

and member-

ship

production

and

accounting

to

provide

better

service

to

its

443,000

members. The

Fa

rme

r s

Insuranc~

Group machine

tdll

be

applied

to

main-

tenance

of

policy-in-force

records,

pre

mi

u m

billing

of

over

2,000,000

policyholders,

and

preparation

of

accounting

records,

commission

statements,

and

statistical

analyses.

The

Prudential's

705

will

be

installed

in

its

Westem

Home

Office,

and

Idll

handle

a

variety

0 f i

n-

surance

premium

billing

operations

and

procedures.

Similar

705

machines

will

be

installed

in

the

company's

other

home

offices

in

Chicago,

Houston,

Jacksonville,Min-

neapolis,

and Netfark

..

Chrysler

Corporation's

West

Coast

Division

uses

a 650

for

handling

payroll

and

calculating

material

requi~ements

and

shipping

schedules.

The machine

also

will

be

used

for

pe

r

pet

u a 1

inventory.

Among

the

650's

on

order

are

ones

for

the

City's

Department

of

Water

and Power,

the

May-

t'lood

Air

Force

Depot,

and

the

Occidental

L i f e

Insurance

Company

of

California.

The

Water

and

POtver

Department

plans

to

use

its

650

in

p a

y-

roll

preparation,

stores

accountings,

and

trans-

portation

and

construction

equipment

accounting

..

The

Maywood

Air

Force

Depot's

machine

will

be

one

of

the

650's

to

be

used

at

about

16

Air

-

12

-

Computers

and

Materiel

Command

installations

throughout

the

country,

principally

for

keeping

perpetual

in-

ventory

records;

such

records

include

account-

ing

for

the

monetary

value

of

each

transaction

affecting

the

Command's

stock

piles

of

over

a

milliori

items.

Initial

applications

0 f

the

Occidental

Life

650

will

be premium

selection

and

computation,

determination

of

correct

pol-

icy

and

rider

forms,

and

data

processing

in-

volved

in

policy

writing

and

recordkeeping.

Santa

Monica,

Calif.

.

...

North

Americ

an

Aviation,

Inc.

has

two

701's

installed

in

its

main

plant

at

the

Los

Angeles

Intern

at

ion

a 1

Airport"

for

handling

almost

every

type

of

aero-

nautical

engineering

problem,

from

the

sele

c -

tion

of

the

basic

configuration

of

the

aircraft,

through

aerodynamic

and

structural

design,

to

the

analysis

of

flight

test

data.

Plans

are

now

under

t'lay

to

expand

the

use

of

th

e s e ma-

chines

to

include

recordkeeping

and

data

p r

0-

cessing

for

accounting

functions.

Later

this

year,

the

company

ldll

replace

the

two

701'

s

wi

th

two 704

's

to

further

expand

com

put

in

g

capacity.

The Rand

Corporation

has

made

extensive

use

of

an

IBM

701

for

over

two

years

msolving

a

wide

variety

of

problems

in

economics,

math-

ematics,

aircraft,

miss

iles,

electronics,

n

u-

clear

energy

and

the

social

sciences.

The ma-

chine

has

been

moved

to

the

company's

West

.Los

Angeles

location

to

make

way

for

a

new

704

at

its

main

building.

In

addition,

two more

704'

s

will

be

installed

in

a

new

building

under

con-

struction

in

Santa

Monica

to

house

Rand's

Sys-

tem Development

Division,

which

is

playing

a n

important

role

in

the

SAGE

proj

ec

t,

the

n e

t1T

automatic

aircraft

control

and

warning

system

l'lhich

is

being

developed

for

the

Air

Defen

s e

Command.

Douglas

Aircraft

Company

has

tw

0

701'

s

installed

and one 704 on

order.

Thanks

to

the

company's

first

701,

installed

at

its

pIa

n t

here

for

almost

three

years,

the

giant

DC-7

transport

got

into

the

air

months a h e a d

of

schedule.

The machine

is

kept

busy

seven

days

a week

solving

engineering

and

scientific

prob-

lems-on

all

Douglas

commercial

air

transports

--

the

DC-6B, DC-7, DC-7C's and

development

of

the

DC-8. The Douglas El Segundo

plant

a

Is

0

has

a 701

in

24-hour

use

every

day

of

the

week,

shared

with

the

company's

Long Beach

plant,

on

vital

engineering

problems

for

the

Navy

onthe

A 3 D

Skywarrior,

A 4

'D

Skyhawk and F 4 DSky-

ray,

and

for

the

Air

Force

on

the

C-133 Cargo

Transport

and RB-66 Twin

Jet

Bomber.

The

Doug-

las

704

will

be

installed

at

the

El

Segu

nd

0

plant

to

expand

scientific

computation

power.

Culver

City,

Calif

•.••.

Hughes

Aircraft

Company

has

ins

taIled

three

650'

s

which

are

at

work

aiding

in

guided

missile

design,

do

in

g

material

and

labor

distribution

accoun

tin

g,

-13 -

Automation

arid"

handling

a

score

of

routine

paper

t\'

0 r k

jobs

and

complex

engineering

problems.

Point

Mugu,

Calif

.••••

The

U.

S.

N a v y

has

in

operation

at

the

Naval

Air

MissileTest

Center

here

an

IBM

650

for

processing

d a t a

collected

during

the

launching

and

flight

0 f

guided

missiles.

San

Diego,

Calif

.••••

The Ryan Aeronaut-

ical

Company

has

a 650

for

handling

many

e n-

gineering

problems,

including:

calc

u 1

at

ion

s

for

the

development

of

Ryan's

automatic

navi-

gator;

flight

path

studies

for

guided

missile

projects,

and

the

solution

of

complex

matrix

problems

involved

in

the

radically

new

design

of

the

company's

jet

vro

<vertical

take

0 f

f)

airplane.

China

Lake,

Calif

.•••.

The

U.

S.

Naval

Ordnance

Test

Station

here

has

had

a 701

for

over

two

years

which

is

being

used

for

calcu-

lating

rocket

and

missile

performance

and

to

simulate

flight

conditions

of

these

devices.

Research

on

physical

properties

of

mate

ria

1 s

and

other

studies

are

als

0

aided

by

the machine.

An

IBM

704

is

included

in

the

station's

pIa

n

to

more

than

double

its

present

com

put

i n g

facilities.

San

Bernadino,

Calif.

.

...

The

Air

Materiel

Area

at

the

Norton

Air

Force

Base

here

recently

installed

a

650,

which

is

utilized

for

supply

and

aircraft

maintenance

accounting.

Santa

Ana,

Calif

••••.

The

State

Far

m

Mutual

Insurance

Company

has

a 650 on 0 r d e r

for

its

branch

here.

It

will

be

used

chiefly

for

processing

automobile

insurance

data.

The'

machine

will

do premium

rating

and

per

for

m

selective

underwriting

by

separating

risks

not

requiring

checking

from

those

requiring

check-

ing.

-

END

-

~c

________

_ * ------------------------ *

Forum

IBM

702

COMPUTING

SERVICE

A.

R.

Zipf,

San

Francisco,

Cal.

In

connec

tion

with

your

roster

on

aut

0-

matic

computing

services

you

may

wish

to

list

the

follotdng:

Bank

of

America

National

Trust

and S

av

in

g s

Association,

Controllers

Department,

Equip-

ment

Research

Section,

500

Howard

St.,

San

Francisco,

Cal.

/

IBM

702

Automatic

Digital

Computer /

Unrestricted

-EM -

Computers

and

.\utomatioll

Forum

AUTOMATION

MEETING

AND

EXHIBITION,

'PARIS,

FRANCE,

JUNE

18-24,

lq56

F. H.

Raymond

President

of

the

French

Association

of

Electronic

Engineers

President

of

the

8th

Section

(Applied

Electronics)

of

the

"Societe

des

Radioelectriciens"

10,

rue

d'Ayen

Saint

Germain-En-Laye (S.&

0.),

France

Having

duly

considered

that

Electronic

Engineers

should

take

the

initiative

to

organ-

ize

a

meeting,

in

Paris,

for

discussing

ques-

tions

relative

to

"Automatics",

wehave

selected

the

week from

the

18th

to

the

24th

June

1956.

It

clearly

stands

out

that

the

success

of

this

endeavor

calls

for

the

collaborati

0 n 0 f

all

personalities,

associations

and

scientffic

institutions.

We

shall

have

to

define

with

precision

what

we

exactly

mean

by

the

term

"Automatics".

If

we

say

that

it

is

the

science

of

automatic

operation,

the

definition

is

not

c 1

ear

nor

qui

te

appropriate,

but

it

gives

a

general

idea

of

the

subject

involved.

Already,

the

term

"Automation"

stimulates

a

great

interest.

Let

us

understand

that

by

Automation

we

shall

refer

to

the

applicat

ion

of

Automatics

to

Industrial

Production.

If

we

consider

that

all

Engineers

have

to

become

conscious

of

the

importance

of

Automa-

tion

-whence

the

ini

tiati

ve

taken

by

E 1 e

c-

tronic

Engineers,

--

Automatics

0 f

fer

san

extensive

subject

for

study

by

scientists,

and

accordingly

our

Congress

will

extend

much

be-

yond

the

scope

of

Automation

such

as

define

d

above.

The

economic and

social

aspects

0 f

th

e

problem

will

also

be

included

in

our

programs.

Finally,

we

will

organize

an

exhibition,

the

documentary and

didactic

nature

of

whic

h

ldll

be

demonstrated

by

industrial

realiz

a-

tions.

The

tentative

program

is

as

follows:

Automatics:

Definition

of

Automatics

Present

theoretical

concepts

--

engineering

point

of

view

--

electronics

point

of

view

Fields

of

application

-

technical

--

scientific

--

economic

(continued

on

page

31)

-

14

-

Forum

HIGHLIGHTS

OF

THE

INTERNATIONAL

ANALOGY

COMPUTATION

MEETING,

BRUSSELS,

SEPT. 26-oCT.

2,

1955

E. L.

Harder,

Director,

Analytical

Dept.,

Westinghouse

Electric

Corp.,

East

Pittsburgh,

Pa.,

and

American Vice

President,

Association

Internationale

pour

Ie

Calcul

Analogique

This

meeting

was

important

in

b

ring

i n g

together

for

the

first

time

representatives

of

all

of

the

principal

analog

computing proj

ects

in

Europe

together

with

a good

representation

from

principal

projects

in

the

United

States.

The

latter

included

the

analog

installa

tion

s

at

Mass.

Inst.

of

Technology,

Wright

Air

Force

Base,

and Westinghouse

Electric

Corp.,

as

well

as

Washington

Uni

versi

ty,

Notre

Dame

University,

and

University

of

Cincinnati.

The

"Microreseau"

or

miniature

power

sys-

tem

network

for

direct

testing

was

set

forth,

in

contrast

to

electronic

analog

and

networ

k

calculator

techniques

for

studying

the

behavior

of

rotating

machines on

interconnected

electric

power

systems.

The

conference

provides

a thor-

oughgoing

review

of

all

the

latest

techniques

of

analog

computation,

including

many

m 0 r e

widely

used

in

Europe

than

the

States.

For

example,

some

of

the

lates

t advances

in

t

his

field

are

the

electrolytic

tank

techniques

at

the

Institut

Blaise

Pascal

in

Paris

(of

which

F.

H

Raymond

is

an

advisor)

and

at

the

Un

i-

versity

of

Brussels.

The

use

of

capaciitive

elements

as

function

generators

and

for

p e

r-

forming

other

computing

functions

in

c

ar'r

i e r

type

analog

computers

have been

highly

d:evel-

oped.

These were

described

and

on

display.

I

A wide

range

of

nel"

non-linear

tec~niques

were

described,

many

of

them

using

operational

amplifiers

in

novel

ways.

At

the

close

of

the

meeting,

an

interna-

tional

organiZation

was

formed,

known

as

th

e

"Association

Internationale

Pour

Ie

Cal

c u 1

Analogique",

having

its

seat

in

Brussels.

This

association

has

as

its

purpose

the

exchange

of

information

among

specialists,

manufacturers,

and

users,

interested

in

analog

methods of

cal-

culation,

by

means

of

the

organiz

at

ion

0 f

periodic

international

meetings

and

expositions,

scientific

publications,

and

contacts

with

as-

sociations

for

study

of

numeric me

tho

d s 0 f

calculations.

Individuals

interested

in

be-

coming

associated

with

this

organiz

ation

may

apply

to

the

Secretariat

des

Journees

In

te

r-

nationales

de

Calcul

Analogique,

50,

ave.F.D.

Roosevelt,

Brussels,

Belgium.

-

END

-

INTERNATIONAL

ANALOGY

CO~UTATION

MEETING,

BRUSSELS,BELGIUM

Sept.

26

to

Oct.

2,

1955

-.

Program,

and

Ti

tIes

of

Papers

This

meeting

was

organized

by

the

So

c i e t e

BeIge

des

Ingenieurs

des

TiHeconununication

set

D'Electronique

(S.I.T.E.L.)

in

collaboration

with

the

Societe

BeIge

des

Electriciens

andllie

Societe

BeIge

des

Mecaniciens.

The

address

of

the

Organ-

izing

Committee lias

50,

Ave.

F.

D.

Rooseve

It,

Brussels,

Belgium. The

portion

of

the

program

of

permanent

interest

follows:

THE

SPEAKERS

(BY

COUNTRY):

ALLEMAGNE

(GERMANY)

Dhen, W.,

Dipl.

Ingenieur,

Assistent,

Technisch

e

Hochschule,

Darmstadt

(G-22)

Gundlach,

F.

W.,

Dr.

Ing.

Professor,

Technische

Universitat,

Berlin

(G-40)

Leseman,

K.

J.,

Dipl.

Ing.,

InstitutfurPraktische

Mathematik,

Technische

Hochschule,

Darmstad

t

(F-53)

BELGIQUE

Bridoux,

G.,

Ingenieur,

A.

1.

Br.,

Univers

i t e

Libre

de

Bruxelles

(K-8)

Degesves,

A.,

Professeur,

Faculte

Poly

technique

de

Mons

(B-21)

Germain,

P.,

Docteur

en

Sciences

Mathematiques

,

University

Libre

de

Bruxelles

(D35A,

B)

Haus,

F.,

Professeur,

Universites

de Gand

et

de

Liege

(L-43)

Isabeau,

J.,

Ingenieur

A.

I.

Br.,

Universite

Libre

de

Bruxelles

(G-49)

Lafleur,

C.,

Ingenieur

A.

1.

Br.,

Universite

Libre

de

Bruxelles

(K-8)

Peretz,

R.,

Ingenieur,

A.

1.

Br.,

Universite

Libre

de

Bruxelles

(A-70A, C-70

B)

Renchon,

R.,

Ingenieur

--

Chef de

Service,

Union

Generale

BeIge

d'Electricite

(M-19)

Witsenhausen,

H.,

Ingenieur

A.

I.

Br.,

Universite

Libre

de

Bruxelles

(C-97)

CANADA

Hooper,

F.,

Professor,

Mechanical

Dept.,

Univ.

of

Toronto

(P-54)

ESPAGNE

(SPAIN)

Garcia

Santesmases,

Professor

a 1

'Universi

te

de

Madrid (A-33)

Gonzales

del

Valle,

Ingenieur

des Telecommunica-

tions,

Madrid (L-38)

Rogla

Altet,

V.,

Ingenieur

--

Professeur,

Ecole

des

Ponts

et

Chaussees,

Madrid (F-79)

ETATS-UNIS

(U.S.A.)

De

Vogelaere,

R.,

Associate

Professor,

University

of

Notre-Dame,

Ind.

(L-16)

-

15

-

Juhasz,

S.,

Executive

Editor,

Applied

Mechanic

s

Review, Midwest

Research

Institute,

Kansas City,

Mo.

(P-54)

Harder,

E.

L.,

Director,

Analytical

Section,

West-

inghoUie

Electric

Co.,

Pa.

(Conf

9/28,

9:00

-

42)

Honnell,

P. M.,

Professor

of

Electrical

Engineer-

ing,

Washington

University,

Miss.

(L-45)

Horn, R.

E.,

Instructor

in

Electrical

Engineering,

Washington

University,

Miss.

(L-45)

Ludeke, C.

A.,

Associate

Professor

of

P

hy

sic

s ,

University

of

Cincinnati,

Ohio (N-57)

Seifert,

W.

W.,

Director,

Dynamic

Analysis

and

Control

Laboratory,

M.I.T.,

Cambridge

(C-83B,

E-83A)

Warshawsky, L. M.,

Chief,

Analog

Section,

A e r

0-

nautical

Research

Laboratory,

Wright

Air

Devel-

opment

Center,

Ohio {A-92)

FRANCE

Andre,

G.,

Chef de

Departement,

S.E.A.

Courbevoie

(A-3)

Armanville,

J.,

Ingenieur,

S.E.A.

Cour

b e v 0 i e

(A-IS)

Ballet,

M.,

Ingenieur

Principal

du

Genie

Maritime,

Direction

des

Constructions

et

Armes

Navale

s

(L-12)

Boscher,

J.

L.,

Attache

de

Recherches,

C.

N.

R.

S.,

Paris

(K-6)

Braffort,

P.

L.,

Ingenieur,

Centre

d

'Etudes

N

u-

cleaires

de

Saclay

(M-7)

Brodin,

J.,

Professeur,

Laboratoire

de

Recherches

Balistiques

et

Aerodynamiques, Vernon

(Con

f •

9/30,

9:00

-9)

Cahen,

G.,

Ingenieur

General

du

Genie

Mar

i

time,

Direction

des

Constructions

et

Armes

Navale

s ,

Cherbourg

(L-12)

Carteron,

J.,

Ingenieur

Chercheur,

Electricite

de

France

(E-14)

de Brem,

F.

R.,

Chef de

Section,

Gaz

de

Fr

a

nc

e

(8-20)

Duquenne,

R.,

Ingenieur,

O.

N.

E.

R.

A.,

(0-23)

Fournier,

A.,

Sous-Directeur,

Laboratoire

National

d

'Essais

(K-29)

Froidevaux,

C.,

Physicien,

Laboratoire

Nation

a 1

d

'Ess

ais

(K-29)

Gendreau,

G.,

Ingenieur,

Centre

d

'Etudes

Nucleaires

de

Saclay

(D-34)

Girerd,

J.,

Ingenieur

du

Genie

Atomique, Laboratdre

Derveaux (A-36)

Henon,

M.

C.,

Agrege

de

Physique,

Institut

d'Astro-

physique,

Paris

(B-44)

Huard de

la

Marre,

Attache

de

Recherches,

C.

N.

R.

S.

(K-47)

Liebaut,

A., Charge

de

Conferences

a 1

'Ecole

Cen-

trale

des

Arts

et

Manufactures,

Paris

(P-54)

Malavard,

L.,

Professeur,

Facul

te

des

Sciences

de

Paris

(Conf.

9/28,

14:00

--

61)

Miroux,

J.,

Ingenieur

de

Recherches,

Vanves

(K-64)

Parodi,

Professeur,

Conservatoire

National

des

Arts

et

Metiers,

Paris

(L-68)

Piel,

G.,

Chef du

Departement

de

Calcul

Numerique,

S.

E.

A.

Courbevoie

(G-80)

,-

Computers

and

Raymond,F.

H.,

Directeur,

S.

E.

A.

Courbevo

i e

(Conf.

9/27,

11:00

--

72A)

Automation

Renard,

G.,

Attache

de

Recherches,

C.

N.

R.

S.

,

Paris

(0-74)

Renouard,

P.,

Ingenieur

en

Chef,

Gaz

de F

ran

ce,

La

Plaine

St.-Denis

(P-76)

Revuz,

J;,

Ingenieur,

O.

N.

E.'

R.

A.

Eaubo

nne

(0-77)

Robert,

a.

J.,

Ingenieur

a

la

Direction

Etudes

et

Recherches.

Electricite

de

France,

Par~

(B-78)

Salvat,

M.,

Ingenieur.

Centre

d'Etudes

Nucleaires

Saclay,

Gif-sur-Yvette

(S.

et

0)

(0-34)

Scanlan.

R.

H.;

Charge

de

Recherches.

Laboratoire

BI_aise

Pascal,

C.

N.

R.

S.,

Chatillon

-

sou

s -

Bagneux (K-82)

Sokoloff,

B.,

Ingenieur.

Groupe

Electronique,

Cie.

Franc

aise

Thomson Houston,

Paris

(E-84)

Uffler.

H.

J

••

Directeur.

Technique

du Dep.

Calcu-

lateur.

Cie.

Generale

de

T.

S.

F ••

Paris

(P-87)

ITALIE

Perot

to'. P.

G..

Ingenieur,

Fiat

Dipartimento

Es-

perienze,

Torino

(A-71)

PAYS-BAS

(NETHERLANDS)

Brouwer.

G.,

Ingenieur.

Research

Laboratories,

Philips.

Eindhoven (K-IO)

Ens

ing,

L.,

Research

Engineer,

Koninklij

ke Sh e

11

Lnboratorium

(N-25)

POLOGNE

(POLAND)

Lukaszewicz, L •• Charge de

Cours.

Academie

Polon-

aise

des

Sciences

(L-52)

ROYAUME-UNI

(UNITED

KINGDOM)

Archibald.

J.

I ••

Professional

Engineer.

0 e c c a

Radar

Ltd.

(F-D

Baker.

B.

0.,

Electrical

Engineer.

The

General

Elec

tric

Co.

Ltd.

(0-2)

Bergman.

G.

D.,

Electronic

Engineer.

Kings

College

(L-4)

Blake.

D.

V.,

A.

M.

1.

E. E ••

National

Physic

a 1

Laboratory

(N-5)

Burt,

E ••

Principal

Scientific

Officer.

Royal

Air-

craft

Establishment

(P-ll)

Coales.

J.

F ••

Electric'al

Engineer.

Cambridge

University.

Engineering

Dept.

(E-17)

Crowley-MillJng,

M.,

Research

Engineer,

Metropoli-

tan

Vickers

Elec.

Co.

Ltd.

(F-18)

Fisher,

M.

E.,

Physicist,

King's

College

(L-27)

Foody,

J.

J.,

Chief

Mathematician.

Short

Brothers

and

Harland

Ltd.

(E-28)

Fuchs,

H.,

Engineer,

Uni

vers

ity

of

Sou

th

amp

ton

(M-30)

Gai

t.

J.

J

.•

Principal

Scientific

Officer.

Royal

Aircraft

Establishment

(A-31)

Gomperts.

R.

J.,

Mathematical

Physicist.

The

Eng-

lish

Electric

Co.

Ltd.

(A-37)

Gordon,

R.

L..

Ph.D ••

Safety

in

Mines

Researc

h

Establishment

(G-39)

Hales.

A.

W ••

Electrical

Engineer.

Central

Elec-

tricity

Authority,

London (B-41)

-16 -

Humphrey.

Davies,

Reader

in

Electrical

Engineering.

Imperial

College

of

Science

and Technology,City

and

Guilds

College,

London (B-48)

Kendall,

P.,

Research

Engineer,

Electrical

Research

Association,

Greenford

(M-63)

Liebmann,

G.,

Senior

Research

Physicist,

Research

Laboratory.

Associated

Electrical

Industrie

s

Ltd.,

Aldermaston

(Conf.

9/29.

14:00

-

55A,

0-55B)

MacLusky,

Senior

Scientific

Officer.

Elec

tr

onic

s

Division.

Atomic

Energy

Research.

Harwell

(N-59)

Michel.

J.

G.

L.,

Di'rector

Department

of

Scientific

and

Industrial

Research.

National

Physica I

Lab-

oratory,

Teddington

(Coni.

9/29.

9:00

--

62)

Miedzinski,

J

••

-Senior

Research

Engineer.

E 1 e

c-

trical

Research

Association.

Perivale,

Green-

ford

(M-63)

Palmer.

P.

J

••

Doctor.

Department

of

Civ:l

Engin-

eering,

University

of

Birmingham (K-67)

Paul,

R.

J.

A.,

Head

of

Electronics

Sec

t

ion.

Short

Brothers

&

Harland

Ltd.,

Belfast

<M-69)

Redshaw.

S.

C ••

Professor

of

Civil

Engineerin

g ,

University

of

Birmingham (K-73)

Saraga,

W.,

Doctor

Phil.,

Telephone

Manufacturing

Co.

Ltd

••

Pettsl'lood.

Orpington,

Kent.

(L-81A,

P-8IB)

Williams.

R.

W.,

Head

of

Simulator

Section,

En

g-

!ish

Electric

Co.

Ltd.,

Luton,

Bedfordshire

(C-94)

t'lilson.

1.,

A.

M.

1.

E.

E.,

Abingdon (E-96)

SUEDE

(SWEDEN)

Backstrom.

M.,

Professor.

Royal

Ins

ti

tute

of

Tech-

nology.

Stockholm

(P-54)

Elgeskog,

E •• Tekn.

Lic

••

Chalmers

University

of

Technology.

Goteborg

(C-24)

Lofgren.

L.,

Research

Engineer,

Research

Institute

of

National

Defence.

Stockholm

(G-56A.

B)

Wallman. H ••

Professor,

Chalmers

University

of

Technology.

Goteborg

(Conf.

9/30.

14:

00

--

90)

Wentzel.

N.

V

••

Master

of

Science.

Chalmers

Uni-

versity

of

Technology.

Goteborg

(C-93)

SUISSE

(SWITZERLAND)

Choquard.

P.

F

••

Docteur

es-Sciences,

Battelle

Memorial

Institute.

Geneve

(N-5~)

Cue nod • M..

Ingenieur,

Societe

Ge

n

era

Ie

po

u r

l'Industrie

(M-19)

Erismann.

T. L •• Chef de

departement.

Amsler e t

Cie ••

Schaffhouse

(F-26)

Gallo.

M ••

Docteur

Ingenieur,

Cont-raves

S.

A.,

Zurich

(F-32)

Luscher.

J.,

Ingenieur

Electricien.

Bat

tel

Ie

Memorial

Institute,

Carouge.

Geneve (N-58)

YOUGOSLA

VIE

Madic. P ••

Ingenieur

d'Electrotechnique,

Insti-

t u

t·

"Boris

Kidric".

Belgrade

(M-60)

Mi

trovic,

D

••

Docteur

es-Sciences.

Chef du

La

b-

oratoire

de

Mathematiques

appliquees,

Instibrt

"Boris

Kidric",

Belgrade

(A-65)

Obradovic,

1.,

Directeur,

Institut

"Nikola

Tesla".

Belgrade

(E-66)

Tomovic. R

••

Docteur

es-Sciences

Techniques,

In-

sti

tut

"Boris

Kidric".

Belgrade

(C-86)

COmputers

and

Automation

PROGRAM

OF

MEETINGS

TUESDAY,

SEPTEMBER

27

11:00

Conference

de

M.F.H.

RAYMOND:

"Les

Analys-

eurs

differentiels

electroniques".

(Comm.

72A)

SECTION

A.

--

SALLE

I.

14:00

to

18:00

President:

M.F.H.

RAYMOND

GAIT':

"Tridac

--

A

large

analogue

computer

for

flight

simulation".

(Comm.

31)

COMPERTS:

"Luton Analog

Computer".

(Comm.

37).

PEROTTO:

"The

F.

1.

A.

T. Analog

Computer".

(Comm.71)

WARSHAWSKY:

"Wadc's

Net\'

Large

Analog Compu

ter".

(Comm.

92)

ANDRE:

"Caracteristiques

et

evolution

du

materiel

standard

S.E.A.

de

precision,

lineaire

et

non-

lineaire,

pour

Ie

calcul

analogique".

(Comm.3)

ARMANVILLE:

"Caracteristiques

et

applications

du

Calculateur

analogique

S.E.A.

--

type

O.

M.

E.

12".

(Comm.

15).

GARCIA

SANTESM~ES:

"Un

Analyseur

differentiel"

•

(Comm.

33).

GIRERD:

"Le

Calculateur

analogique

Djinn

des Lab-

oratoires

Derveaux".

(Comm.

36).

MITROVIC:

"Analyseur

differentiel

de

l'

Ins

ti

t u t

Boris

Kidric".

(Conun.

65).

PERETZ:

"Quelques

aspects

de 1

'ensemble

analogique

electronique

de

L

'Universite

Libre

de

Bruxelles'!

(Conun.

70A).

WEDNESDAY,

SEPTEMBER

28

9:00

Conference

de

M.E.L.

HARDER:

"Electric

a 1

Network

Analyzers".

(Comm.

42).

SECTION

B.

--

SALLE

I.

10:00

to

12:00

President:

M.E.L.

HARDER

de

BREM:

"Tables

electriques

analogiques

pour

Ie

calcul

des

reseaux

mailles

--

La

table

lineaire

du

Gaz

de

France".

(Comm.

20).

DEGESVES:

"Le

microreseau".

(Cormn.

21).

HENON:

"CAREDDOL

ou

Calculateur

analogique

po

u r

la

resolution

des

equations

diff~renti

e

11

e s

lineaires

du deuxieme

ordre".

(Comm.

44).

ROBERT:

"Le

Microreseau

--

Etudes

qu'il

perm

et

d

'entreprendre;

perfectionnelOOnts

rece

n

ts

" •

(Comm.

78).

HALES:

"The

Central

Electricity

Authority

D.

C.

Network

Analyser".

(Comm.

41).

HUMPHREY

DAVIES:

"A

steady-state

Analyser

us

in

g

transformers".

(Comm.

48).

SECTION

C--

SALLE

I I •

10:00

to

12:00

President:

M.

R.

TOMOVIC

TOMOVIC:

"Sur

une methode augment

ant

la

precision

d'un

generateur

de

fonctions".

(Conun.

86).

ELGESKOG:

"Photoformer

analysis".

(Comm.

24).

SEIFERT: "The

Generation

of

Functions

of

two

In-

dependent

Variables".

(Comm.

83B).

WENTZEL:

"Electronic

Function

Generators".

(Comm.

93) •

-17 -

WILLIAMS:

"Resis

tance

PotentiolOOters

as

Functio

n

Generators

in

Analogue

Computers".

(Comm.94).

PERETZ:

"Operateurs

-elec

troniques

non-lineaires".

(Comm.

70B).

WITSENHAUSEN:

"Principes

de

realisation

d

'elenents

non-lineaires

pour

Ie

calcul

anal

ogique".

(Comm.

97).

14:00

Conference

de

M.

L.

MALAVARD:

"La method e

d

'analogie

rneoelectrique;

ses

possibilites

et

ses

tendances".

(Comm.

61).

SECTION

D.

--

SALLE

II.

15:00

to

18:00

President:

M.

L.

MALAVARD

BAKER:

"An

Electrolytic

Tank Analogue

Compute

r

for

Plotting

Electron

Traj

ectories

in

Sp

ace

Charge

Fields".

(Conun.

2).

LIEBMANN:

"Resistance

--

Network'analogud

IOOthod

for

solving

plane

stress

problems".

(Comm.55B)

DUQUENNE:

"Etude

analogique

des

ailes

en

regime

ins

tationnaire"

•

(Comm.

23).

GENDREAU

et

SALVAT:

"EtablisselOOnt

a 1

'aide

de

la

cuve

rheographique

~

fond

modele

de

la

cart

e

du champ

dans

la

culasse

d

'un

aimant".

(Cormn.

34) •

GERMAIN:

"Quelques

caracteristiques

physiques

du

~apier

graphite

utilis~

dans

1

'analogie

rheo-

electrique".

(Comm.35A). "Mesure

directe

du

gradient

~lectrique

dans une

cuve

rheogra~·

ique"

•

(Cormn.

35B).

RENARD:

"Etude

analogique

de

la

torsion

des

arbes

de

revolution

comportant

une

gorge".

(Comm.74).

REVUl:

"Etude

analogique

du

soufflage

au

bord

de

fui

te

d'

un

prof

il

d'

aile"

•

(Comm.

77).

SECTION

E.

--

SALLE

I.

15:00

to

18:00

President:

M.W.W.

SEIFERT

SEIFERT: "The

role

of

Computing Machines

in

the

Analysis

of

Complex

Systems".

(Comm.83A).

CARTERON:

"Organisation

et

utilisation

du

calcu-

lateur

analogique

d'Electricit~

de

France".

(Comm.

14).

OBRADOVIC:

"L

'application

combin~e

des

machin

e s

tournantes

et

du

calculateur

analogique

elec-

tronique

dans

la

resolution

des

problemes

de

regulation

automatique".

(Comm.66).

SOKOLOFF:

"Application

des

techniques

analogiques

au

trace

des

trajectoires

d

'avions."

(Comm.B4).

COALES:

"The

use

of

Computing

Elements

in

aut

0-

matic

Control

Sys

tems".

(Comm.

17).

FOODY:

"The Analogue Computer

in

Aircraft

Design

Problems

involving

nonlinearities".

(Comm.28).

WILSON:

"The

application

of

analogue

computi

n 9

techniques

to

the

solution

of

overall

nuclear

reactor

control

and

safety

problems".

(Comm.96)

•

'HIUR)

DAt

SEPTEMBER

29

9:00

Conference

de

M.J.G.L.

MICHEL:

"The

mech-

anical

differential

analyser,

rec

en

t d

e-

velopments

and

applications".

(Comm.

62)

SECTION

F.

--

SALLE

I.

10:00

to

12:00

Pr~sident:

M.G.J.L.

MICHEL

Computers

and

ERISMAN:

"Nouvelles

compos

antes

de

calcul

pour

cal-

culateurs

JOOca~iques

analogiques".

(Comm.

26).

Aut

OII1atioo

GALLO:

"Un

nouveau

calculateur

analogique

universel

pour

la

resolution

d'~quations

differentielles

et

d'

autres

problemes".

(Comm.

32).

ROGLA:

''Machine

analogique

pour

calculs

algebri-

ques " •

(Comm.

79).

"

ARCHIBALD:

"The

application

of

Pinwheel

Gears

a s

Function

Generators

in

Light-Weight

Computers".

(Comm.

1).

CROWLEY-MILLING:

"An

analogue

computer

for

solving

the

equations

of

motion

in

particle

accelerat-

ors"

•

(Comm.

18).

LESEMAN:

"Particulars

and

application

of

the

dif-

ferential

analyser

1.

P.

M.

--

Ott".

(Comm.

53).

SECTION

G.

--

SALLE

II.

10:00

to

12:00

President:

M.F.W.

GUNDLACH

GUNDLACH:

"A

new

electron-beam

multiplier

with

an

electrostatic

hyperbolic

field".

(Comm.

40).

ISABEAU:

"Un

multiplieur-diviseur

analogiq

ue".

(Comm.

49).

PIEL:

"Conversion

arithm~tique-analogique

au moyen

d

'un

d~codeur

special

~

relais".

(Comm.

80).

DHEN:

"Special

computing

units

of

the

electronic

repeti

tive.

analog

computer

Darmstadt".

(Comm.22).

GORDON:

"An

analogue

computing

circuit

for

the

evaluation

of

the

ratio

of

two

slowly-vary

in

g

potentials".

(Comm.

39).

LOFGREN:

"Predictors

in

time-shared

Analog C 0

m-

puters".

(Comm.

56A).

"Analog m u 1

tip

1 i e r

based

on

the

Hall

effect".

(Comm.

56B).

14:00

Conf~rence

de

M.

G.

LIEBMANN:

"Resistance

--

Network

Analogues".

(Comm.

55A).

SECTION

K.

--

SALLE

I.

15:00

to

18:00

President:

M.

G.

LIEBMANN

" " ,

BOSCHER:

"Application

des

reseaux

superpos

e s a

1

'etude

des

plaques

elastiques".

(Comm.6).

BRlDOUX

et

LAFLEUR:

"Etude

analogique

des

courbes

d'attenuation

et

de

dephasage

d'une

fonction

de

transfert-au

moyen

d'une

approximation

dlun

plan

conducteur

par

un

reseau

maille

de

resist-

ances"

•

(Comm.

8).

FOURNIER

et

FROIDEVAUX:

"Appareil

analogique

pour

1

'etude

des

reg

fmes

thermiques

va

r i

ab

1 e

s"

•

(Comm.

29).

HUARD

DE

LA

MARRE:

"Sur

1 I

imposi

tion

des

con

d

i-

tions

aux

limites

dans

les

reseaux

de

conduct-

ances".

(Comm.

47).

MIROUX:

"Sur

un

reseau

~

selfs

et

capacites

pour

1

'etude

de

certains

ecoulements

supersoniques".

(Cumm.

64).

SCANLAN:

"Analyseur

a

reseaux

resistifs

p 0 u r

1

'etude

de

certaines

equations

aux d

-e

r i

vee

s

partielles

interessant

la

theorie

des

s t r u c -

tures".

(Conun.

82).

BROUWER:

"Network Analogue

solution

of

a

specia

1

class

of

simultaneous

differential

equations".

.

(Comm.

10).

.

PALMER:

"Solution

of

elastic

foundation

problems

by means

of

a

resistance

network".

(Comm.

67).

REDSHAW:

"A

resistance

network

of

novel

construc-

tion

for

solving

certain

prblems

in

elasticity".

(Comm.

73).

-18 -

SECTION

L.

--

SALLE

II.

15:00

to

18:00

Pr~sident:

M.

PARODI

PARODI:

"Le probleme

de

la

localisation

des

valeurs

c

arac

teristiques

des

matrices".

(Comm.

68).

BERGMANN:

"A

new

electronic

analogue

storage

d

e-

vice".

(Comm.

4).

FISHER:

"Higher

order

differences

in

the

analogue

solution

of

partial

differential

equa

ti

ons".

(Comm.

27).

SARAGA:

"Graphical

methods

of

computation

and

de-

sign

considered

as

analogue

computing

method".

(Comm.

81A).

CAHEN

et

BALLET:

"Etude

des

matrices

par

les

anal-

ogies

~lectriques.

Valeurs

Qropres

et

modes.

Applications

aux

vibrations

~lastiques

l'

(Comm.

12),

DE

VOGELAERE:

"A

new

method

for

the

determination

of

periodic

solutions

of

nonlinear

differentiru

equations"

•

(Comm.

16).

GONZALES

DEL

VALLE:

"Le

calculateur

analogique

C.

A.C. "

(Comm.

38).

HAUS:

"Etude

de

l'atterrisage

automatique

des

avions

par

calculateur

analogique".

(Comm.

43).

HONNEL

and

HORN:

''Matrices

in

electronic

differen-

tial

analyzers".

(Comm.45)'

Pres

e

nted

by

Monsieur

PERETZ.

LUKASZEWICZ:

"Construction

simplifiee

d'un

anal-

yseur

de

polynome

algebrique".

(Comm.52).

FRIDAY,

SEPTEMBER

30

9:00

Conference

de

M.

J.

BRODIN:

"Pedagogie

con-

crete

du

calcul

fonctionnel

1

in

e

air

e "

(Comm.

9).

SECTION

M.

--

SALLE

II.

10:00

to

12:00

President:

M.

J.

BRODIN

FUCHS:

"Some

cons

iderations

of

the

a c

cur

a c y

of

linear

analogue

computers".

(Comm.

30).

MADIC:

"Experience

with

an

analogue

computing

ma-

chine

for

solving

linear

algebraic

equations".

(Comm.

60).

MIEDZINSKI

and

KENDALL:

"Versatility

in

netw

0 r k

analyzers"

•

(Comm.

63).

PAUL:

"Some

factors

affecting

the

ace

ur

a c y

of

elec

tronic

analogue

computers".

(Comm.

69).

BRAFFORT:

"Problemes de

structure

dans

Ie

calcul

analogique".

(Comm.

7).

CUENOD

et

RENCHON:

"Le

calcul

analogique

e t 1 a

notion

de

rigueur

chez

l'ingenieur".

(Comm.19).

RAYMOND:

"Quelques

considerations

sur

la

not

ion

de

precision

des

calculateurs

analogiques."

(Comm.

72B).

SECTION

N.

--

SALLE

I.

10:00

to

12:00

President:

M.C.A.

LUDEKE

LUDEKE:

"Analogies

and

Simulators

for

sol

v i n g

non-linear

differential

equations".

(Comm.57).

CAILLET:

"La

simulation

du

circuit

thermique

dans

un

reacteur

nucleaire".

(Comm.

13).

BLAKE:

"The

N.P.L.

Electronic

simulator".

(Comm.5).

LUSCHER

and

CHOQUART:

"A

transistor-simulator".

(Comm.

58).

Computers

and

Automation

ENSING:

"Delay-Line synthes

izer

process simulator".

(Comm.

25).

MAC

LUSKY:

"An

analogue computer

simulating

the

kinetics

of a complete

nuclear

power

5

tation".

(Comm.

59).

14:00 Conierence

du

Professeur

H.

WALLMAN:

"Spe-

cial

computers".

(Comm.

90).

•

engineers

and

SECTION

P.

--

SALLE

I.

15:00

to

17:00

P~sident:

Professeur

H.

WALLMAN

LIEBAUT-BACKSTROM-JUHASZ-OOOPER:

"Analogie hydrau-

lique

pour

les

~changeurs

de

chaleur

~

contre-

courant

ou

~

double

passage".

(Comm.

54).

i

~~~J~~w~~o~t~O~~~1~~

i

RENOUARD:

"Un

appareil

analogique hydrauUque pour

1

'etude

de 1 'ecoulement

du

gaz dans

une

conduite

en

r~gime

variable".

(Comm.

76).

UFFLER:

"Proc~de

de

Cal cuI

par

courants

haute

fre-

quence" •

(Comm.

87).

BURT:

"An

ana~ogue

machine

for

the measurement

of

5 pec

tral

dens i

ty"

•

(Comm.

11).

SARAGA:

"Graphical methods of computation and d

e-

sign

considered

as analogue computing methods".

(Comm.

81B).

EXHIBITION

The

Exhibition

showed

a

collection

of

analogue

computers and devices using

the

techniques

of

ana-

logue computation.

EXHIBITORS

Beckman,

Berkeley

Division

(U.S.A.)

S.

A.

Van

Der Heyden, 49, rue

du

Marais,

Bruxelles,

Belgique

Compagnie

Francaise

Thomson-Houston

Groupe

Electronique

173, boulevard Haussmann,

Paris

8, 'France

Compagnie

Generale de Telegraphie sans

Fil

79, boulevard

Haussmann,

Paris

8,

France

Contraves

AG

Schaffhauserstrasse

580,

Zurich,

Suisse

Elliott

arothers

(London)

Limited

Computing

Division,

Elstree

Way,

Borehamwood,

Hertfordshire,

England

Laboratoire

National

d'Essais

Minist~re

de 1 'Education

Nationale

Conservatoire

des Arts

et

Metiers

292, rue

Saint-Martin,

Paris

3,

France

Laboratoires

R.

Derveaux

6, rue

Jules

Simon,Boulogne-sur-Seine, France

Short

Brothers

& Harland Limited

Seaplane

Works

Queens

Island,

Belfast,

Northern

Ireland

Societe

d'Electronique

et

dVAutomatisme

138, boulevard de Verdun,

Courbevoie

(Seine),

France

-

END

-

•

I

•

I

•

I

•

-19 -

qualified

individuals

who

have

the

ability to lead and to participate

in

the development

of

Digital Computa-

tion activities

in

the fields

of:

•

Applied

Mechanics

•

Thermodynamics

•

Mechanical

Laboratory

Experimentation

•

Aerodynamics

•

Mechanical

Design

Men

of

mature

technical

judgment,

with

at

least

3 to 5

years'

experience

in

power

plant

analysis

and

design,

and

proven

ability

in

the

art

of

super-

vision.

These

are

not

the

typical

engineering

positions.

Your

work

is extremely

ad-

vanced,

and

the

promotional oppor-

tunity

is clearly outlined.

Our

operation

offers

stability

in

its

product

appeal to

both

commercial

and

military

markets.

Positions

are open

in

West

Lynn,

Mass.

and

Cincinnati,

Ohio

For

further

information,

please

write,

giving

details

of

education

~nd

experience

to:

Mr.

Mark

Peters

Technical

Recruiting

Bldg.

100

Aircraft

Gas

Turbine

Division

GENERAL_ELECTRIC

Cincinnati

15,

Ohio

•

I

•

I

•

I

•

~~AUTOMATION":

LECTURE

BY

HISTORIAN

ALLAN

LYTEL

Levittown,

Pa.

The

historian

faced

the

class;

"Here 0 n

this

planet

we

can

learn

from the

experience

of

all

other

worlds.

Let

us

take

the

earth

in

the

time of

man

as an example

of

an

instruct-

ive

experience."

There automation

started,

we

might

say,

with hand

tools,

or

Level I as

we

call

it.

The

tools

were

an

extension

of

the

hands, arms,

and

legs

of

the

species

man:

with

tools

he

could

do

more

than with

his

bare

hands.

Hand

tools

such as a saw, a

hammer,

or

a

hand-operated

drill

are

all

examples.

When

power

was

applied

to

these

tools,

man

took a

step

forward,

to

Level

II.

Note

that

the

power

was

still

directed

so

that

the

tools

were

extensions

of

the

han

ds

and

arms

aIli

~

of

men.

The

pOt1er

shovel,

the

steam

shovel,

l11ere

larger

versions

of

the

hand

shovel.

It

could

move

more

dirt

faster

but

it

still

need-

ed a

man

to

push

the

buttons,

to

direct

the

p0111er.

Fifty

men

\111

th

shovels

could

still

do

the

same

job.

A

drill-press

was

only a

drill

I11hich

could

turn

faster

and

drive

straighter

than

the

hand

drill.

But with

these

hand

tools

which had power

applied,

man

could

and

did

build

great

cul~~.

Gradually

these

power

tools

began

to

be used

in

coordination,

such as a

center,

called

De-

troit,

for

the

auto

industry.

Here

the

auto-

makers arranged long

lines

of

machines, each

direc

ted

by

a

man.

Each machine

did

a

job,

as

direc

ted

by

the

l"orker, and

the

jobs

when

all

combined

together

produced a complex

re-

sult.

The

doors and

the

roof

panels l"ere s tamp-

ed

by

a punch

press;

men

Id

th

po

IV

e r s c r

ew-

drivers

put

these

together.

Other machines

painted

the

body

and

drilled

the

motor

block.

Notice

that

in

every

case

the

men

controlled

the

work

and

that

each

job

could

have

bee

n

done

in

a

more

simple

fashion.

A blacksmith

could

have

made

the

roof,

a

paint

brush

could

have been used

rather

than a spray-gun, and a

hand

scret1-driver

Ivould have been

slO111er

but

it

could have done

the

same

job.

This

acti

vi

iy

was

what

we

could

call

Level

III,

and

it

did

provide

the

first

clue

to

the

meaning and

direction

of

automation,

if

the

species

had been

intelligent

enough

to

perceive

it.

Some

men

almost became machines

for

they

were

in

competition

with machines. A

simple

job

--

to

tighten

a bol t which

held

the

frame

to

the

body

--became mechanized. A

man

tight-

ened

this

bolt

and

his

speed

was

dependent

on

the

speed

of

the

production

line.

The

faster

the

line

moved,

the

faster

he

moved,

until

his

l"ork

was

controlled

by

the

rate

of

the

entire

line

and

the

rate

at

which

the

autos passed

by

his

position

on

the

assembly

line.

At

the

communications

became

the

key:

at

Level

IV

man

could

c9ntrol

a

mach-

ine

by

means

of

recorded

instructions.

Magnet-

ic

tape

recording

for

example advanced

until

it

was

possible

to

translate

the

complete

series

of

motions needed

by

a machine

for

a complex

operation

into

a

series

of

recorded

commands.

The

motions

of

the

machine were

converted

to

machine language and recorded

on

a

tape.

When

the

tape

was

fed

into

the

translator,

the

mach-

ine

would read

the

steps

and

convert

them

into

motions.

The

net

result

was

a

tape-controlled

machine:

the

library

of

recordings

was

a

sort

of

memory.

Now

it

became

possible

for

an

entire

ass-

embly

line

to

have

the

programs

for

all

the

individual

machines recorded

in

advance; as the

needs

of

the

over-all

production

changed, the.

programs

for

the

several

machines

co

u

Id

be

changed.

Feedback

of

information

for

the

individum

machine

was

also

developed and used. For

ex-

ample,

the

recorded

instruction

would

tell

a

lathe

to

cut

to

a

certain

depth.

A

rea

din

g

would

be

taken,

by

the

programmed

comp~

wifu

the

taped

instructions,

to

find

the

act

u a 1

depth

of

the

cut

which

was

taken.

Then

the

actual

depth would be compared

to

the

depth as

instructed,

and

these

would be compared

to

de-

termine

any

error,

which would then be

corr-

ected.

When

this

principle

is

applied

to

the

o~

all

production

line,

a degree

of

automation

r~sults.

Each machine

is

the

other

machines:

if

one

lathe

is

operating

too

fast

for

the

rest

of

the

line,

it

is

told,

by

the

feedback

princlple,

to

slow

down.

In

the

sme

sense,

if

the

milling

machine

is

too

slow,

it

-20 -

Computers

and

Automation

is

told

to

speed up. In

this

over-all

automatic

production

a

short-~ang~

PQint of view.

t1Tay

there

is

an

toasters,

typeltri

ters,

and even automobiles ,

so

--

at

least

from

inexpensively

that

the

millenium

was

expected

Notice

that

this

production

system relaUS

all

of

the

machines

one

to

the

other;

buttlmt

is

all.

There

is

no

relation

of

the

en

tire

line

to

the

requirements

of

production.

That

is,

the

line

does not

consider

the

needs

for

the

final

product.

The

line

has

no

way

0 f

knowing

if

it

should produce

more

or

less

of

a given

product.

This

is

one

of

its

lim

i

t-

ations:

this

is

the

basic

reason

for

the

very

high cos t

of

the

system.

It

is

limited

to

mac-

ing l'lhat

it

is

told

to

make

and

then continws

to

make

those

things

until

it

runs out of

raw

material.

In Level

V,

men

considered

the

last

prob-

lem

first:

raw

materials.

Each machine

was

connected

to

a continuous

supply-storage

arr-

angement.

If

an

assembly machine

required

nuts

and

bolts,

it

could

be connected

to

a supply

room,

t"hose

level

of

inventory

it

would co n -

trol.

In

some

cases,

the

production'

machines

would

control

other

machines, which

made

there

parts

tvhich

the

assembly

line

machines needed.

More

and more, however,

supporting

functions

grew, such

as

the

source

of

supply

for

auxil-

iary

items,

until

the

machine became concerned

with

these

functions

for

a

large

part

of

the

time.

Many

of

these

secondary

functions

1'1

ere

found

to

be

common

to

several

machines

on

the

production

line:

some

central

agency

was

need-

ed

for

these

common

items.

Gradually

the

mrge-

scale

digital

computers

--

or

giant

,brains as

they were

called

--

became

useful

fo"r

this IJ.lr-

pose.

The

central

computer

could

and

did

re-

late

these

separate

activities.

The

computer

could

either

order

the

necessary

smaller

parts

or

control

their

manufacture

by

other

machin~.

Thus

the

several

machines

of

the

product-

ion

cycle

became

integrated:

the

line

flowed

smoothly

and

the

parts

needed

for

the

fi

n a 1

product

were

there

when

they were needed. Cen-

trol

of

the

individual

machines

gradually

went

over

to

the

computer

11Thich,

in

effect,

ran

the

entire

production.

The

computer,

by

means

of

its

large-scale

internal

memory,

could

re-

tain

information

about

the

different

programs

needed

by

each of

the

machines

for

the

product-

ion

of

a

particular

end

item.

Thus

this

tvas

a semi-complete

unit:

under

the

control

of

the

central

computer

this

production

line

could

turn

out

a

variety

of

end items

but

--

still

some

method

of

indication

was

needed

by

the

computer so

that

it

could,

in

turn,

tell

the

separate

machines

hol'l

to

make

the

product.

any

day.

Of

course,

Level V

require~

a support-

ing

industry

for

the

basic

rat'i

materials:

but

these

industries

were,

by

now,

also

highly

~

anized so

that

all

of

the

heavy work

was

done

by

machines. This

in

truth

l"laS

the

Second

In-

dustrial

Revolution; machines

replaced

men

as

a

source

of

labor.

Human

labor

--

phy

sic

a 1

brute

force

--

was

no

longer

a

rna

rke

tab

1 e

commodity.

The

drudgery

of

repetitive

operat-

ions and

the

exhaustion

of

pure

physical

work

was

now

a

thing

of

the

past.

But"

man

was

not

content

--

he

never

was

content.

If

machines could

do

this,

they

coWd

do

more.

And

more

they

did.

The

supporting

functions

of

the

Programmed

Multi-Product

Fac-

tory

became

a

part

of

the

plan

for

Level

VI.

If

an

automobile

factory

needed

radio-r

a

dar

transceivers,

the

computer

of

the

automobile

factory

sent

a

request

through

regular

commun-

ications

channels

to

the

Radio-Radar

Factory.

This

factory

in

turn

relayed

its

requests

for

transistors

to

the Semi-Conductor

Plant,

which,

in

turn,

asked

the

Germanium

Plant

for

raw

mat-

erials

--

and

so

it

went.

When

the

final

fully

equipped and

tested

automobiles were

sent

to the

distribution

centers

via

auto-trams,

the

acc-

ounting

and

billing,

in

terms of

work-points,

went

to

the

distribution

centers

at

the

same

time.

Thus

even

the

accounting

was

completely

under automatic

control.

A complete complex

of

production-factories

all

in

communication

made

up

the

Product-Center

of

this

Level VI. There were

Product-Centers

for

consumer goods,

for

foods and drugs,

for

clothing

and

textiles,

and

for

repleniShment

of

the

machines

for

the

factories.

Even

at

Level

VI,

man

could

have stopped

and

lived

in

peace and

luxury.

Only

a

small

portion

of

the

popUlation

was

needed

for

assistance

in

indust-

ry;

and even

those

who

were needed

t"lorked

for

only

three

hours a day,

for

three

days a week,

for

five

years;

then they had

finished.

The

rest

of

the

people had freedom from

the

age-

long

fear

of

need. Children went

to

school un-

til

they each had

training

far

beyond what tiey

used

to

call

graduate

degrees.

The

species

man

--

for

the

first

time

in

its

recorded

his-

tory

--

was

at

last

free

to

explore

the

fron-

tiers

of

knowledge. ;\dvances

in

me

d i c i n e

science,

music,

art,

in

all

of

the

arts,

sprang

up

and were

nurtured.

The

death

rate

fell

and

most

men

lived

until

t"lell

over

one

hundredyems.

But

man

did

not

know

enough

to

stop.

Some

of

the

technicians

and

scientists

pushed

fur-

ther.

Replacements were,

of

course,

needed for

the

mechanical

mons

ters

which

made

all

of

the

physical

products

required

by

man.

Most

0 f

This then

was

Level V

--

the

Progranuned

these

replacements were

simple,

by

Level

VI

Multi-Product

Factory;

these

factories

were

standards.

Mechanical

devices

drilled,

poliSh-

in

wide

use.

They

made

products

like teleJilooos. ed,

cast,

bent,

packaged

or

formed

raw

mater-

_ 21 -

(continued

on

p8~e

36)

I.B.M.

TRUST

SUIT

ENDED

BY

DECREE

COMPANY

AGREES

TO

SELL

ITS

ELECTRONIC

COMPUTERS

AND

LICENSE

ALL

PATENTS

(Reprinted

wi

th

permission

from

"The

New

York

Times",

January

26,

1956)

Special

to

The

New

York

Times. -Washington,

Jan.

25

--

International

Business Machines Corpora-

tion

agreed today

to

a sweeping

antitrust

de-

cree

that

will

force

changes

in

some

ofitsrong-

established

business

practices.

Under

the

decree

I.B.M.

Ifill

have

to

offer:

for

outright

sale

tabulating

machines and

elec-

tronic

computers

that

have been

available

0 n

only a

rental

basis

for

the

last

twenty-f

i v e

years.

The

company

must

also

license

all

its

pat-

ents,

and

patents

acquired

or

applied

for

in

the

years,

for

"tabulating

and

elec-

tronic

data

processing

machines,

tab

ul

at

in

g

cards

and

card

manufacturing machinery."

Some

of

these

patents

tdll

have

to

be

li-

censed

royalty-free,

the

others

for

"reasonable"

rates.

It

was

the

second major

anti-trust

action

announced

in

tlVO

days.

The

American Telephone

and

Telegraph

Company

agreed

yesterday

to

a

set-

tlement

requiring

it

to

license

all

past,

pre-

sent

and

future

patents

and

to

make

some

chang~

in

its

business

structure.

Brownell Sees

Wide

Effects

Attorney General Herbert Brownell

Jr.

an-

nounced

that

the I.B.M. consent

decree,

draft-

ed

in

negotiation

with

the

company's

lawyers

had

been

signed

in

Federal

Court

in

the

South-

ern

District

of

New

York.

Mr.

Brownell

said

that

in

view

of

"the

re-

volutionary

electronic

machines

••••

it

is

expec-

ted

that

the

action

·taken today

will

have

far-

reaching

effects

upon

maj

or

segments

of

the

bus-

iness

world."

Stanley

N.

Barnes,

chief

of

the

Justice

~

partment's

Anti-trust

Division,

said

the

A.T.&

T.

and I.B.M. decrees "supplement each

other."

He

said

he regarded those

ttvo

cases

and

a pend-

ing Government

antitrust

suit

against

the

Radio

Corporation

of

America "as

part

of

one program

to

open

up

the

electronics

field."

In

New

York

Thomas

J.

Watson

Jr.,

presi-

dent

of

I.B.M.,

said

the

company's

consent

to

the

judgment

tvas

"not

an

adrnis

s

ion

of

any

viola-

tion

of

the

antitrust

laws."

He

con<{eded

that

some

terms

of

the

decree were

"severe"

but said

others

would

require

no

maj

or

change

in

"Ion

g-

standing

company

policies."

The

consent

decree ends a

civil

anti~u&

suit

brought

by

the

Government

against

I.B.M.

in

1952.

The

complaint

at

that

time

charged

that

I.B.M. "unlawfully

restrained

and

monop-

olized

the

tabulating

industry."

It

s

aid

that

the

company

owned

and

refused

to

sell

about 90

percent

of

all

tabulating

machines

in

the

Unit-

ed

States

and manufactured

90

percent

of

the

tabulating

cards

used.

At

the

time

the

Government

est

i

mat

e d

I.B.M's annual

return

for

rental

of

the

ma

ch-

ines

at

$100,000,000. Government lawyers sam

today

that

the

figure

nOl~

Ifas about

$250,000-

000 a

year.

Under

the

terms

of

today's

decree

I.B.M.

must:

Offer

for

sale

"in

perpetuity"

all

types

of

tabulating

and

electronic

computing mach-

ines

that

it

manufactures,

at

a

price

bearing

a

"reasonable"

relationship

to

rental

charges.

Give

present

lessees

of

the

machines

an

option

to

buy

them.

Service

machines

sold

to

others,

and

pro-

vide

parts

for

them.

Sell

used I.B.M. machines

to

second-hand

dealers.

License

its

tabulating

patents

and

pro-

vide

"technical

know-how"

to

the

licensees.

Offer

for

sale

certain

machines and

p~

stock

needed

to

manufacture

tabulating

cards,

including

an unusual I.B.M.

rotary

press.

Furnish

repair

and

replacement

parts

to

repair

shops, and supply

some

technical

train-

ing and manuals.

Not

require

purchasers

of

machines

ro

con-

tract

for

I.B.M. maintenance

service.

Avoid

any

tie-in

sales

or

international

sales

allocation

agreements.

-

22

-

Computers

and

Automation

An

Explanation

Offered

In

addition,

the

company

will

have

to

sell

enough

of

its

card-manufacturing

facilities

by

1963

to

bring

its

share

of

the

business

downm

50

percent,

unless

I.B.M.

then

can convince llie

courts

that

competi

ti

ve

conditions

make

th

is

step

unnecessary.

Judge Barnes

said

these

terms

represent

most of what

the

Government had hoped

for

in

bringing

its

antitrust

action.

As

to

the

question

of

why

the

co

mp

any

should

agree

to

such a

settlement,

some

law-

yers)suggested

the

answer

was

connected with

a pending

$90,000,000

antitrust

suit

against

I.B.M.

by

the

Sperry-Rand

Corporation.

The

suit,

filed

last

month, charged

that

I.ll.M.had

injured

Sperry-Rand

by

monopolistic

practices

in

the

tabulator

industry.

If

I.B.M. had

let

the

Government

suit

go

to

trial

and had

lost

the

case,

that

judgment

could

have been used as

evidence

against

it

m

the

private

Sperry-Rand

suit.

But under

the

1m\'

consent

decrees

may

not

be used as e v i -

dence

in

another

suit.

The

I.B.M. machines covered

by

the

decree

range from a manual punch

card

that

rents

for

$250 a

year

to

advanced

electronic

machines

that

LB.M.

nOl"

rents

for

more

than

$500,000

a

year.

Statement

by

Watson

Mr.

Watson

issued

the

following

statement

here

yesterday:

"I.B.M. has today

consented

to

the

entry

of

a judgment

settling

all

issues

raised

by

the

Department

of

Justice

in

the

anti-t

r u s t

sui

t which has been pending

for

four

yea

r s

against

the

company.

"Our

consent

to

the

entry

of

the

judgment

is,as

the

judgment

states,

not

an

admission m

any

violation

of

the

antitrust

laws, which

we

continue

emphatically

to

deny having

violated.

~e

shall,

of

course,

conform

in

good

faith

to

the

undertaking

which

we

have

accepted.

"It

is

our opinion

that

I.B.M.

will

con-

tinue

to

be

successful

under

the

terms of

the

judgment. However,

we

would

not

be

realistic

if

we

did

not

recognize

that

some

of

the

terms

of

the

judgment

are

severe.

In

other

respects,

terms

of

the

judgment conform

to

long-standing

company

policies

and

impose

no

major change.

"Though

the

judgment

is

complex, and

con-

formity

to

it

by

our

company

will

require

a

great

deal

of

administrative

and

procedural

effort,

the

terms

do

not

enJOIn

us

from

con-

tinuing

to

furnish

good

products

and good

ser-

vice

to

our

customers.

These

are

the

founda-

tions

upon which our

business

has been

built

and

upon

which

it

will

continue

to

grow

in

an

atmosphere of

ever-increasing

demand

and

eve~

inc·reasing

competition."

-

END

-

*-------------------------------

----------

'.'

MANl1SCRIPTS

We

are

interested

in

articles,

papers,

refer-

ence

information,

science

fiction,

and

'd

i s -

cussion

relating

to

computers and

automation.

To

be

considered

for

any

particular

issue,

the

manuscript

should

be

in

6ur

hands

by

the

fifth

of

the

preceding

month. .

Articles.

We

desire

to

publish

articles

t

hat

are

factual,

useful,

understandable,

and

inte-

resting

to

many

kinds

of

people engaged

in

one

part

or

another

of

the

field

of

computers and

automation. In

this

audience

are

many

people

Ivho

have

expert

knowledge

of

some

part

of

the

field,

but

who

are

laymen

in

other

parts

of

it.

Consequently a

writer

should

seek

to

e x

pI

a i n

his

subject,

and

show

its

context

and

signifi-

cance.

He

should

define

unfamiliar

terms,

or

use them

in

a

way

that

makes

their

meaning un-

mistakable.

He

should

identify

unfa

mili

a r

persons with a

few

words.

He

should use

exam-

ples,

details,

comparisons,

analogies,

etc.,

whenever they

may

help

readers

to

understand

a

difficult

point.

He

should

give

data

s u

pp-

orting

his

argument and evidence

for

his

asser-

tions.

We

look

particularly

for

articles

that

explore

ideas

in

the

field

of

computers

and

automation, and

their

applications

and i m

pli-

cations.

An

article

may

certainly

be

con

tro-

versial

if

the

subject

is

discussed

reasonably.

Ordinarily,

the

length

should

be 1000 to 4000

words. A

suggestion

for

an

article

should be

submitted

to

us

before

too

much

work

is

done.

Technical

Papers.

Many

of

the

foregoing

r

e-

quirements

for

articles

do

not

necessarily

apply

to

technical

papers.

Undefined

techni-

cal

terms,

unfamiliar

assumptions, mathematics,

circuit

diagrams,

etc.,

may

be

entirely

appr~

priate.

Topics

interesting

probably

to

only

a few people

are

acceptable.

-23 -

PROBLEMS

PLACED

ON

AN

AUTOMATIC

COMPUTER

NEIL

D.

MACOONALD

In

a

recent

"Quarterly

Report"

of

the

"Projects

and

Publications

of

the

Applied Mathematics

Division"

of

the

National Bureau

of

Standards,

Washington, D.C., appears a very

interesting

table.

It

reports

the

use f

or

three

months

of

the

National Bureau

of

Standards'

Eastern

Automa

ti

c

Computer,

SEAC.

This

table

gives

rather

good evidence

of

the

remarkable

versatility

of

an

auto-

matic

digi

tal

computer, and

is

reproduced belOt\':

APPLICATION

of

NATIONAL

BUREAU

OF

STANDARDS

AUTOMATIC

COMPUTER

(SEAC)

The

record

of

SEAC

operations

for

tasks

of

the

Applied Mathematics

Division

for

the

period

July

1 through September

30

is

as

follows:

Hours Used:

Code

Productive

Task

No.

NBS:

1104/55-55

5116/55-56

5116/56-148

1110/47-2

1110/55-94

5126/51-8

5126/52-44

5126/53-25

5126/53-27

5126/53-29

5126/53-48

5126/53'-51

0009/54-15

0009/54-17

0009/54-19

0009/55-53

0009/55-65

5126/55-68

5126/55-81

5126/55-82

0009/55-86

5126/55-87

5126/55-92

5126/55-97

0009/55-99

5126/55-115

5126/55-117

0009/55-118

5126/55-121

5126/55-126

5126/56-128

5126/56-],29

5126/56-134

5126/56-135

5126/56-139

Research

in

numerical

analysis

Research

in

mathematical

topics

applicable

to

numerical

analysis

Nerve

fiber

reaction

Tables

of

Coulomb

wave

functions

Tide

tables

Tables

of

pOl'\Ter

points

of

analysis

of

variance

tests

Calculations

for

d-spacings

Legendre

function

Thermodynamics

functions

Dynamic

behavior

of

aircraft

structure

Analysis

of

ionospheric

data

Radiation

diffusion

Matrix

reduction

Depolymerization

Energy

levels

of

complex atoms

Electronic

functions

Automatic coding

Crystal

structure

calculations

Combining

tests

for

significance

Thermometer

calibrations

Flow

coefficients

for

fluids

"Zero" method

determination

of

crystal

structures

Cylindrical

electron

lens

calculations

High

temperature

properties

of

air

Integrals

of

products

of

Bessel

functions

Adsorption

integrals

Attenuation

of

pressure

pulses

of

finite

amplitude

Thermometer

calibrations

Electron

penetration

Aerodynamic

heating

Ground

reflection

coefficients

Processing

of

Public

Housing

data

Transmission

delay

times

Evans

hyperbolic

charts

Study

of

internuclear

potential

for

H3

-

24

-

Checking Operations

8

4

1

16

9

1

3

1

5

19

14

2

1

8

9

1

5

3

2

3

9

8

2

3

2

3

4

2

1

3

1

3

24

9

1

3

6

33

72

5

3

8

5

3

2

13

59

1

31

1

2

9

4

1

Computers

and

Automation

Task

No.

Spectro

calibration

Gamma-ray

spectroscopy

Hours Used:

Code

Productive

Ch~ng

Operations

2

9 1

2.

NBS:

5126/56-141

5126/56-145

0002/52-1

Statistieal

aspects

of

NBS

administrative

operations

7

5160/55-85

Misc. Research

in

mathematical

elasticity

Least

squares

12

4

6

2

1

3

37

109

1

" Determinants

"

Matrix

factoring,

subroutines,

etc.

Lommel

function

" Roots

of

polynomials

L-5hell

conversion

coefficients

Equations of

heat

transfer

type

Applications

of

game

theory

2

76

1

4 2

Other:

1110/53-52

5126/51-3

5126/53-45

5126/54-13

Award

of

procurement

contracts

for

linear

programming

20

Flight

performance computations 4 5126/54-44

5126/55-61

5126/55-104

5126/55-113

5126/55-119

5126/55-122

5126/55-125

5126/55-127

5126/56-130

5126/56-133

5126/56-136

5126/55-137

5126/56-138

5126/56-142

Elastic

cross

section

for

neutron

scattering

Fuse problem 2

9

14

10

2

20

Reactor

design

Field

rocket

problem

Solution

of

normal

equation

Matrix

multiplication

Vibrations

of

circular

disc

Aircraft

responses

Complex

eigenvalues

Calculation

of

wave

functions

Stability

of

supported

plates

Crystal

counter

efficiency

Matrix problem

*-----------------------------------------

Forum

GLOSSARY

OF

COMPUTER

TERMS:

COMMENT

F.

A.

Brown

Adalia

Ltd,

Montreal, Can.

,,:>

Regarding

the

glossary

of

computer

tenns

published

in

the

January 1956

issue

I

fee

1

that

in

the

defini

tions

of

"point",

"bin

a

ry

point",

and "decimal

point"

there

is

s 0 m e

confusion.

"Point"

is

defined

as

the

p 0 s

i-

tion

marking

the

separation

bett'leen

the

in

t

e-

gral

and

the

fractional

parts

of

the

n

urn

ber.

With

this

I

agree.

However

in

the

definitions

of

decimal and

binary

points,

it

is

s

tat

e d

that

this

separates

the

integral

and

fraction-

al

powers

of

the

appropriate

base.

I

believe

these

should

read

positive

and

negative

powers

of

the

base,

or

be

otherwise

rephrased

to avoid

the

implication

that

fractional

powers

are

referred

to

rather

than

fractional

numbers.

It

seems

to

us

that

the

point

is

well

taken.

--

Editor.

*

-25 -

Totals:

3

10

21

2

10

4

1

288

3

34

13

3

1

28

667

*

BULK SUBSCRIPTION RATFS

These

rates

apply

to

subscriptions

coming

in

together

direct

to

the

publisher.

For example,

if

5

sUbscriptions

come

in

together,

the

sav-

ing

on

each

one-year

subscription

will

be

24

percent,

and

on

each two-year

subscription

will

be

31

percent.

The

bulk

subscription

rate

s,

depending

on

the

number

of

simul taneous s u

b-

scriptions

received,

follow:

Bulk

Subscription

Rates

(United

States)

Number

of

Simultaneous

Subscriptions

10

or

more

5

to

9

4

3

2

Rate

for

Each

Subscription,

and

Resulting

Saving

to

Subscriber

One

Year

Two

Year

$3.80,

31%

4.20,

24

4.60,

16

5.00,

9

5.25,

5

$6.60,

37%

7.25,

31

8.00,

24

8.80,

16

9.55,

9

For Canada,

add

50

cents

for

each

year;

0 u

t-

side

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the

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States

and Canada, add $1.00

for

each

year.

PUBLICATIONS

FOR

BUSINESS ON AUTOMATIC

C'OMPUTERS:

REFERENCE

LISTING

Part

1

NED

CHAPIN

Illinois

Inst.

Chicago,

This

paper

supplies

a

reference

list

i n g 0 f

publications

for

business

on

automatic

computers.

This

reference

listing

is

in

addition

to

the

"Basic

Listing"

and

the

"Supplemental

Listing"

that

were

published

in

"Computers

and

Automation"

for

S e

p-

tember,

1955, and

February,

1956,

respectively.

Two

types

of

pUblications

are

cited

in

th

i s

reference

listing.

The

first

type

is

on

vari

0 u s

aspects

of

automatic

computing

equipment

and

de-

vices,

and

the

publications

are

listed

un d e r

the

following

headings:

Particular

Automatic

Compu~,

Automatic,Computer

Listing,

Special-Purpose

Equip-

ment,

Particular

Devices,

Paper

Tape, and Punched

Cards.

The

second

type

of

publication

cit

e

din

this

reference

listing

is

on

the

general

applica-

tion

and

use

of

automatic

computers

in

bus

i

ness.

This

general

listing

is

not

further

subdi

vi

rl e d

because

the

pUblications

cited

usually

con

t a i n

repeti

tions

and

further

elaborations

of

the

mater-

ial

covered

by

the

publications

in

the

"B a

sic

Listing"

and

in

the

"Supplemental

Listing".

To

facilitate

reference,

the

order

of

listing

within

each

major

grouping

of

the

publication

s

cited

in

this

reference

listing

is

alphabetic

by

author.

To

conserve

space,

annotation

has

been

omitted,

and

items

from

news magazines

have

been

omitted.

Particular

Automatic

Computers

Howard

H.

Aiken, "Computing Machine Developme

nts

in

Continental

Europe,"

Proceedings

0 f

the

American

Gas

Association,

1952, pp 165-169

Herbert

O.

Brayer,

"What Europe

is

contributing

to

the

Electronic

Office,"

American

Bus

iness,

vol.

24,

no.

9

(Sept.

1954),

pp

22-23,41-43

David

R.

Brown,

editor,

"Review

of

Ele

c t

ron

i c

Computer

Progress

during

1954,"

Transactions

of

the

Institute

for

Radio

Engineers

Profes-

sional

Group

on

Electronic

Computers,

vol.

EC-4,

no.

1,

(March

1955),

pp

33-38

W.

C.

Carter

and

M.

Ellis,

"A

Comparison

of

Order

Structures

for

Automatic

Digital

Computers",

Journal

of

the

Operations

Research

Soc

i e t y

of

America,

vol.

2,'

no.

1 (Feb.

1954),

pp 41-

58

Harry

M.

Davis,

"Mathematical

Machines",

Scientif-

ic

American,

vol.

180,

no.

4

(April

1949),

pp

28-39

Editor,

"Computer

Progress,"

Modern

Industry,

vol.

24,

no.

6 (Dec.

1952),

pp

42-47

Editor,

"Mathematical

Wizards

now

at

Industry

r s

Service,"

Modern

Industry,

vol.

18,

no.

5

(Nov.

1949),

pp

43-47

Jay

W.

Forrester,

"Digital

Computers:

Presentand

Future

Trends,"

Proceedings

of

the

Easte

r n

Joint

Computer

Conference

(Net4/

York:

Insti-

tute

for

Radio

Engineers,

Inc.,

1953),

pp

109-113

of

Technology

Ill.

Jerry

Roedel,

"An

Introduction

to

Analog and

Digi-

tal

Computers,"

Industrial

Science

and

Engin-

eering,"

vol.

1,

no.

4

(Oct.

1954),

pp

10-15

Albert

F.

Sperry,

"Information

System

Consolidates

Process.

Control,"

Automatic

Control,

vol.

1,

no.

5 (Nov.

1954),

pp

4-7

Automatic Computer

Listing

BIZMAC:

Fred

Yeaple,

"Application

of

Electr

onic

Tape

Processing

Equipment,"

The

Controller,

vol.

23,

no.

6

(Jan.

1955),

pp

27~275

Datatron

204:

J.

C.

Alrich,

"Engineering

Descrip-

tion

of

the

Electro-Data

Digi

tal

Compu

te

r , "

Transactions

of

the

Institute

for

Radio

En-

gineers

Professional

Group on

Ele

c t

ron

i c

Computers,

vol.

EC-

4,

no.

1 (March 1955) ,

pp

1-10

Datatron

204:

L.

L.-

Van

Oosten,

"The Medium-Sized

Computer, "

Electronic

Data

Processing

in

In-

dustry

(New

York: American Management

Asso-

ciation,

Inc.,

1955),

pp

160-168

ENIAC:

D.

R.

Hartree,

"The

Eniac,

an

Electronic

Computing

Machine,"

Nature,

vol.

158, no.4015

(Oct.

12,

1946),

pp

500-508

E 101: James L.

Rogers,

"Computer

Design

Overcomes

High

Costs,"

Electrical

Manufacturing,

vol.

55,

no.

5

(May

1955),

pp 121-125

IBM

CPC:

E.

J.

Cunningham,

"Job

That

Required

40

Man

Days

Now

Completed

in

8

Hours,"

American

Business,

vol.

23,

no.

1

(Jan.

1953),

pp

24,

38-39

IBM

CPC:

Franklin

Myers,

"Saving

Hours

at

Martin,"

American

Business,

vol.

21,

no.

3

(Mar

c h

1951),

pp

50-52

IBM

CPC:

Peter

Wyden,

"Biggest

Brain

in

the

Office,"

Science

Digest,

vol.

31,

no.

1

(Jan.

1952)

,

pp

23-26

IBM

608:

Editor,

"Automation

in

the

Office,"

Of-

fice

Management and Equipment,

vol.

16,

no.5

(May

1955),

pp

32-33,42-43

IBM

650:

Harold

F.

Hatch,

"John

Hancock Gets

First

IBM

650,"

Journal

of

Machine

Accounting

Sys-

tems and Management,

vol.

6,

no.

1

(J

an.

1955),

pp

7-8

IBM

650:

Harold

F.

Hatch,

"The

Small

Compu t e

r"

,

Electronic

Data

Processing

In

Industry

(New

York: American Management

Association,

Inc.,

1955),

pp

148-159

IBM

701:

Phillip

Klass,

"Giant

Brains

Could

Aid

Air

Defense,"

Aviation

Week,

vol.

58,

no.

19

(May

11,

1953),

pp

67-73

IBM

702:

Editor,

"Machine Reads,

Writes

," Commerce

Magazine,

vol.

52,

no.

2 (March

1955),

pp

218-220

IBM

702:

Hugh

J.

Reber,'

"Manage.~ent

Looks

at

th

e

Computer:

IBM

702,"

Automatic

Control,

vol.

1,

no.

1

(July

1954),

pp.

39-50

LEO:

John

Grindrod,

"The

Lyons

Electronic

Office,"

The

Office,

vol.

40,

no.

1

(July

1954),

pp

59-61

-26 -

Computers

and

Automation

Logistics:

Eugene

Leonard,

"Characteristics

of

a

Logistics

Computer,"

Proceedings

of

the

Wes-

con (Los

Angeles:

Institute

for

Radio

Engin-

eers

Professional

Group on Electronic Computers,

1955),

pp

77-85

NCR

102-D:

Richard

E.

Sprague,

"Specialized

Elec-

tronic

Equipment

Development,"

Workshop

for

Management

(New

York: American

Management

Association,

Inc.,

1955),

pp

322-327

ORDVAC:

Peter

Wyden,

"Electron

Powered

Ge

n

ius,

"

Science

Digest,

vol.

32,

no.

3

(Sept.

1952),

pp

23-26

TRADIC:

Editor,

"New

Transistor

Computer Developed

for

the

Air

Force,"

Bell

Laboratories

Record,

vol.

33,

no.

4

(April

1955),

pp

155-156

UDEC:

Edi

tor,

"Burroughs

UDEC

at

Wayne

Univers

ity,

"

The

Office,

vol.

39,

no.

2

(Feb.

1954),pp

14,

16

UNIVAC:

R.

D.

Dotts,

An

Approach

to

Electronics

by

a Medium-Sized

Co.,

(Net\,

York: Remington Rand,

Inc.,

1954),

5 pp

UNIVAC:

E<\itor"

"Automation

in

the

Office,"

Office

Management and

Equipment,

vol.

16,

no.5

(May

1955),

pp

32-33,42-43

UNIVAC:

Eugene

F.

Grant

et

al.,

"Orientatio

n

in

Electronics,"

Workshop

for

Management (N e w

York: Management

Magazines,

Inc.

1955),

pp

369-384

UNIVAC:

Luther

A.

Harr,

"Electronic

Accou

n

tin

g

Machine

Developments:

Remington

Rand,"

Work-

shop

for

Management

(New

York:

Manage

men

t

Magazines,

Inc.,

1955),

pp

301-306

UNIVAC:

Lawrence

M.

Hughes, "The

Wizardry

of

Elec-

tronics:

Will

It

Cut

Tomorrow's

Sales

Costs

for

You?"

Sales

Management,

vol.

74,

no.

2,

(Feb.

1955),

pp

28-30

UNIVAC:

John

W.

Mauchly,

"Down

to

Fundamentals,"

Systems,

vol.

18,

no.

7

(Sept.-Oct.

1954)

,

pp

3-4

UNIVAC:

Hugh

J.

Reber,

"Management Looks

at

the

Computer: The

Univac,"

Automatic

Con

tr

01,

vol.

1,

no.

3

(Sept.

1954),

pp

15-18

UNIVAC:

L. C. Simmons, "The

Large

Computer,"

Elec-,

tronic

Data

Processing

in

Industry

(New

York:

American Management

Association,

Inc.,

1955),

pp

169-180

UNIVAC:

Robert

M.

Smith,

"Automation

in

the

Office,"

Office

Management and

Equipment,

vol.

16,

no.

2

(Feb.

1955),

pp

32-33,42

Univac

File:

George

K.

Campbell,

"Univac

File

Com-

puter,"

Systems,

vol.

19,

no.

1

(Jan.-Fe

b •

1955),

pp

3-5

Uni vac

File:

Edi

tor,

"Process

or

Handles

Production

Data,"

Automation,

vol.

2,

no.

6

(June

1955),

pp

76-77

Univac 120:

William

V.

Cassara,

"It

Pays,

"Systems,

vol.

19,

no.

2

(March-April

1955),

pp

20-21

Univac 120: L.

W.

Day,

"Production

Contro

1

by

Elec

tronics

,"

Sys terns,

vol.

19,

no.

4

(July-

Aug.

1955),

pp

22-23

Univac

120:

Editor,

"Univac

Cuts

AccountingExpense,"

Banking.

vol.

47,

no.

11

(May

1955),

p 104

Univac 120:

Charles

Renalde,

"Payroll

by

Electron-

ics,"

Sys

tems,

vol.

18,

no.

5 (May-June 1954),

pp

16-17

Univac

Scientific:

Phillip

Klass,

"Giant

Bra

ins

Could Aid

Air

Defense,"

Aviation

Week,

vol.

58,

no.

19

(May

11,

1953),

pp

67-73

-27 -

Special

Purpose

Equipment

R.

Hunt Brown,

"Applications

of

Autanatic Computing

Equipment

to

Savings

Bank

Operations,"

Com-

puters

and

Automation,

vol.

4,

no.

7

(Jul

y

1955),

pp

18-21

R. Hunt Brown,

"Automation

of

Bank Check

Process-

ing,"

Computers and

Automation,

vol.

4,

no. 8

(Aug.

1955),

pp

6-9,

16

Richard

G.

Canning,

Electronic

Data

Process

i n g

Machine

Requirements.

Management

Scienc

e s

Research

Report

~16

(Los

Angeles:

UCLA,

1953),

29 pp

Leonard

T.

Ebert,

"The

Move

Toward

Automa

tion,"

Banking,

vol.

46,

no.

2 (Aug. 1

955),pp

102-3

Edi

tor,

"Common

Language,"

Automatic

Control,

vol.

3,

no.

2 (Aug.

1955),

pp

26-29

Edi

tor,

"Automatic

Freight

Yard

Shuffles

Car

s

Quickly

Yet

Gently,"

Control

Engineerin

g,

vol.

2,

no.

1

(Jan.

1955),

pp

28-37

Editor,

"Electronic

Concrete

Batching,"

Engineer-

ing-News

Record,

vol.

154,

no.

6

(April

1955),

p 25

Edi

tor,

''Magnetic

Memory

Keeps

Inventory

Records,"

The

Office,

vol.

38,

no.

5 (Nov.

1953),

pp

,

12, 14,

17-16

John'L.

Hill,

"Design

Features

of

the

Remingt

0 n

Rand

Speed

Tally,"

Trends

in

Computers

(N

e w

York:

Institute

for

Radio

Engineers,

Inc.,

1954),

pp

155-162

Philip

Patterson,

"Mechanization

of

Modern

Sale

~

Department,"

Sales

Management,

vol.

74,

no.

1

(Jan.

1955),

pp

26-27

Particular

Devices

Edi

tor,

"High Speed

Accounting

Machines,

",Account-

ant's

Digest,

vol,

20,

no.

2 (Dec.

1954),

pp

90-92

Glenn

E. Hagen,

"Automatic

Information

S

tor

age

tad

th

Random Acces

s,

"

Automation,

vol.

1,

no. 1

(Aug.

1954),

pp

66-66

Gilbert

o.

Hall,

A

Digital

Electronic

Data

Record-

ing

System

for

Pulse-Time

Telemetering:

AFCRC

Technical

Report

53-1

(Cambridge, Mass:

Air

Force

Cambridge

Research

Center,

1953),

47

pp

Gerhard

L.

Hollander,

"Design

Fund a

me

n

tal

s 0 f

Photographic

Data

Storage,"

Proceedings

0 f

the

Wescon (Los

Angeles:

Institute

for

Radio

Engineers,

Professional

Group on

Electronic

Computers,

1955),

p

49

Harry

Knox,

"Specialized

Electronic

Equipment De-

velopment,"

Workshop

for

Management

(N

e w

York: Management

Magazines,

Inc.,

1955),

pp

311-319

Mil

ton

E. Mengel,

"Specialized

Electronic

Equip-

ment

Development,"

Workshop

for

Managemen t

(New

York: Management

Magazines,

Inc.,

1955),

pp

328-335

Pat

Merrill,

"Accounting

Card

for

Ballots,"

Amer-

ican

City,

vol.

70,

no.

5

(May

1955),

p 123

Kenneth

P.

Morse,

"Specialized

Electronic

Equip-

ment

Development,"

Workshop

for

Managemen t

(New

York: Management

Magazines,

Inc.,

1955),

pp.

308-310

Richard

Neumaier,

"Electronics-Must

it

be

Big?"

Office

Executive,

vol.

26,

no.

12 (Dec. 1953),

p 13

Computers

and

Automation

Jack

B.

Speller,

"A

Digital

Converter.,"

Proceed-

Thorton

F.

Bradshaw and

Maurice

S.

Newman,

"Think-

ings

of

the

Wescon (Los

Angeles:

Institut

e

ing

Ahead on

Computers,"

Electronic

Data

Pro-

for

Radio

Engineers,

Professional

Group

on

cessing

in

Industry

(New

York:

Amer

i

can

Electronic

Computers,

1955),

pp

29-31

Management

Association,

Inc.

1955),

pp

39-54

Paper

Tape

Kenneth

P.

Morse,

"Specialized

Electronic

Equi

p-

ment

Development,"

Workshop

for

Manag

erne

n t

(Net"

York: Management

Magazines,

Inc.,

1955),

pp

308-310

Wells

Norris,

"Five

Channel

Punched Tape

Mechan-

izes

Office

Jobs,"

American

Business,

vol

•

24,

no.

3 (March

1954),

pp

10-12,

36

Punched

Cards

Ralph

W.

Fairbanks,

"Elec

tronics

in

the

Mod

ern

Office,"

Harvard

Business

Revietv,

vol.

30,

no.

5

(Sept.-oct.

1952),

pp

83-98

Harry

P.

Hartkemeier,

Punch-Card

Methods (Dubuque,

Iowa:

William

C. Brown

Co.,

1952),

360 pp

George

Truman

Hunter

and Graham

M.

Clark,

"Elec-

tronic

Data

Processing

Machines,"

Instruments

and

Automation,

vol.

28,

no.

5

(May

1955),

pp

782-793

General

Listing

Ira

H.

Abbott,

"Electronic

Data

Processing,"

Ma-

chine

Design,

vol.

26,

no.

1

(Jan.

1954)

,

pp

227-234

Theron

Aiken,

et

aI,

"Initiating

an

Electronics

Program,"

Workshop

for

Management

(New

York:

Management

Magazines,

Inc.,

1955),

pp 417-426

Franz

Al

t,

"Evaluation

of

Automatic Computing Ma-

chines,"

Product

Engineering,

vol.

22,

no.ll

(Nov.

1951),

pp

146-152

George

H.

Amber,

"Analog

Computers

for

Ma

chi

n e

Control,"

Electrical

Manufacturing,

vol.

56,

no.

2 (Aug.

1955),

pp

70-76

Harry

T. Ashman,

"Distribution

of

Overhead

wit

h

Electronic

Computers,"

NACA

Bulletin,

vol.

36,

no.

6

(Feb.

1955),

pp

798-804

'

Philip

R.

Bagley,

Electronic

Digital

Machines

for

High

Speed

Information

Searching

(MIT:

Mast-

er's

Thesis,

1951),

124 pp

J.

W.

Balet,

"Problems

of

Applying

Electronics

to

General

Accounting

in

a

Public

Uti

1 i t Y , "

Electronic

Data

Processing

in

Industry

(N

e w

York: American Management

Association,

Inc.,

1955),

pp

197-205

S.

Alexander

Bell,

"Auditing

of

Records

Maintained

on

Tabulating

Machines,"

Illinois

CPA,

vol.

17,

no.

1

(Sept.

1954),

pp

44-49

E.

G.

Benser,

"Preparing

for

Electronic

Data

Pro-

cessing,"

Workshop

for

Management

(Net

...

York:

Management

Magazines,

Inc.,

1955),

pp

355-363

Edmund

C.

Berkeley,

"Uses

of

Automatic

Computers

in

Financial

and

Accounting

Op

era

t

ion

s,

"

Journal

of

Accounting,

vol.

90,

(Oct.

1950),

pp

306-311

James

W.

Birkenstock,

"A

Loo

k Ahead

to

the

Era

of

Automation,"

Office

Executive,

vol.

29,

no.

2

(Feb.

1954),

pp

25-27

Matt

W.

Boz,

"HOl'''

Your

Firm

Can

Organize

an

Elec-

tronics

Investigation

Program,"

Manageme n t

Methods,

vol.

5,

no.

2

(Jan.

1954),

pp21-24

Matt

W.

Boz, "Where

We

Stand

Today on

Electronics

for

the

Office,"

Management

Methods,

vol.

5,

no.

1 (Dec.

1953),

pp

12-15

-

28

-

John

M.

Breen,

"Problems

Involved

in

the

Applic

a-

tion

of

Electronic

Digital

Computers

to

Busi-

ness

Operations,"

Computers· and

Automati

0 n ,

vol.

4,

no.

13 (March

1955),

pp

16-21

Herbert

O.

Brayer,

"Electronic

Data

Processing

--

Who,

What,

Whe,

and Where?" American

Business.

vol.

25,

no.

3 (March

1955),

pp

16-18,

38-39

Herbert

O.

Brayer,

"Facts

for

Management:

Is

1955

the

Year

for

Electronic

Data

Proc

e s

sin

g?"

American

Business,

vol.

25,

no.

(Feb.

1955),

pp

23-24,

41

Herbert

O.

Brayer,

"The

Truth

About

Electronic

Business

Machines,"

American

Business,

vol.

23,

no.

7

(July

1953),

pp

10-11;

vol.

28,no.

8 (Aug.

1953),

pp

16-17,

44-45,

vol.

28,

no.

9

(Sept.

1953),

pp

20-21,

42,

44

J.A.C.

Brown;

H.

S.

Houthakker;

and

S.

J.

Prais,

"Electronic

Computation

in

Economic

Stati

s-

tics,"

Journal

of

the

American

Statistic

a 1

Association,

vol.

48,

no.

1

(Sept.

1953),

pp

414-428

R.

F.

Brown,

"One-Shot

P.aperwork,"

Systems,

vol.

19,

no.

4

(July-Aug.

1955),

pp

3-4

R. Hunt Brown,

"Introduction

to

Electronic

Accoont-

ing,"

Illinois

CPA,

vol.

17,

no.

2

(Dec.1954),

pp

2-5

R. Hunt Brown,

"Office

Automation:

Beginning

of

an

Era,

"

Office

Management and

Equipment,

vol.

15,

no.

5

(May

1954),

pp

24-25;

vol.

15,

no.

6

(June

1954),

pp

34,72

Richard

G.

Canning,

Data

Processing

Systems

Requtte-

ments:

Industrial

Logistics

Research

Report

#27 (Los

Angeles:

UCLA,

1953),

11 pp

Richard

G.

Canning,

Electronic

Scheduling

Machine

Requirements:

Management

Sciences

Res

ear

c h

Report

#29 (Los

Angeles:

UCLA,

1955),42

pp

Richard

G.

Canning,

Production

Control

thru

Elec-

tronic

Data

Processing:

Management

Scienc

e s

Research

Report

#30 (Los

Angeles:

UCLA

1955),

52 pp

Ned

Chapin,

An

Application

of

the

MAPI

Approa

c h

to

Automatic

Computers

(Chicago:

MAPI

National

Research

Center,

1954),

28 pp

Ned

Chapin,

"Letter

on Automatic

Computers,"

Har-

vard

Business

Review,

vol.

33,

no.2

(March -

April

1955),

pp

148-149

Richard

F.

Clippinger,

"How

a

Central

Computi

n g

Laboratory

Can Help

Industry,"

Computers and

Automation,

vol.

2,

no.

9 (Dec.

1953),

pp6-8

John

S.

Coleman,

"Electronics

for

the

Off

ice,

"

Punched

Card

Annual,

vol.

2

(Detroit:

Punched

Card

Publishing

Co.

1953),

pp

40-44

John

S.

Coleman,

"Electronics

in

the

0

ff

ice,

"

Office

Management and Equipment,

vol.13,

no.

8 (Aug.

1952),

pp

20-22,

70-77

John

S.

Coleman,

"Electronics--Pile

Driver

0 n a

Tack,"

Office

Executive,

vol.

29,

no.

10

(Oct.

1954),

pp

4-6

John

S.

Coleman, "What

Price

Business

Electronics,"

Systems

and

Procedures

Ouarterly,

vol.

2,

no.

3

(Jan.

1952),

pp unknown

Emerson

F.

Cooley,

"Computer Methods and

Applica-

tions,"

Office

Management

Series

#136 (N e w

York: American Management

Association,

Inc.,

1954),

pp

41-46

E. Devere

Cowles~

"Engineer

and

Accountant

Wo

r k

Together

on

Solving

a

Technical

P

rob

1

em,

"

Edison

Electric

Institute

Bulletin,

vol.

21,

(continued

on

page

40)

COMPUTERS

AND AUTOMATION -

Back

Copies

ARTICLES,

PAPERS,

ETC.

January. 1955:

Statistics

and Automatic Computers

--

Gordon Spenser

Eastern

Joint

Computer Conference, Philadelphia,

Dec. 8-10,1954

--

Milton

Stoller

The

Digital

Differential

Analy~er

--

George F.

Forbes

A Small High-Speed Magnetic

Drum

--

M.

K.

Tay-

lor

An

Inside-out

Magnetic

Drum

--

Neil Macdonald

February: Problems

for

Students

of

Computers

John

W.

Carr,

III

Recogni~ing

Spoken Sounds

by

Means

of

a

Com-

puter

--

Andrew

D.

Booth

The

Significance

of

the

New

Computer

NOR

C

W.

J.

F£kert

The

Finan-8eer

--

E.

L.

Locke

Approaching Automation

in

a Casualty Insurance

Company

--

CarlO.

Orkild

March: Question

--

Isaac

Asimov

---COmputers and Weather

Prediction

--

Br

u c e

Gilchrist

Random

Numbers

and

Their

Generation

--

Gord 0 n

Spenser

Problems Involved

in

the

Application

of

Elec-

tronic

Digital

Computers

to

Business Oper

a-

tions

--

John

M.

Breen

Computers

to

Make

Administrative

Decisions?

--

Hans

Schroeder

April:

Thinking Machines and

Human

Personality--

Elliot

L.

Gruenberg

Marginal Checking

--

An

Aid

in

Preventive

~

tenance

of

Computers

--

J.

Melvin Jones

May:

Reliability

in

Electronic

Data

Process

0 r s

--

William

B.

Elmore

Numerical

Representation

in

Fix

e d -

Poi

n t

Computers

--

Beatrice

H.

Worsley

Automation

--

A Report

to

the

UAW-CIO

Economic

and Collec.ti

ve

Bargaining Conference

The

Skills

of

the

American

Labor

Force

--

James

P.

Mitchell

Automation Puts

Industry

on

Eve

of

Fantas

tic

Robot Era

--

A.

H.

Raskin

The

Monkey

Wrench

--

Gordon

R.

D~ckson

June:

THE

COMPUTER

DIRECTORY,

1955

(164

pages)

:

--Part

l:

Who's

Who

in

the

Computer

Field

Part

2:

Roster

of

Organi~ations

in

the

Co'

m-

puter

Field

Part

3:

The

Computer

Field:

Pro

d u c t

san

d

Services

for

Sale

July:

Mathematics,

the

Schools,

and

the

Oracle--

Alston

S.

Householder

The

Application

of

Automatic Computing

Equip-

ment

to

Savings

Bank

Operations

--

R.

Hu

n t

Brown

The

Book

Reviewer

--

Rose Orente

Linear

Programming and Computers,

Par

t I -

Chandler Davis

August:

The

Automation

of

Bank

Check

Processing--

R.

Hunt

Brown

Linear

Programming and Computers,

Par

t

II

--

Chandler Davis

Justifying

the

Use

of

an

Automatic Computer

--

Ned

Chapin

Charting

on

Automatic Data Process ing

Sys

tem s

--

Harry

Eisenpress,

James

L.

McPherson, and

Julius

Shiskin

A

Rotating

Reading

Head

for

Magnetic

Tape

an d

Wire

--

National

Bureau

of

Standards

-29 -

Sorre

Curiosities

of Binary Arithmetic

Usef

u 1

in

Testing

Binary Computers

--

AndrewD.Booth

September: A Big

Inventory

ProDIeni

and

the

IBM

702

--

Neil Macdonald

Pqp.lications

for

Business

on

Automatic Computers:

A Basic

Listing

--

Ned

Chapin

Franchise

--

Isaac

Asimov

Automatic Coding

for

Di~ital

Computers

--

G.

M.

Hopper

Automatic Programming:

The

A-2

Compiler System

--

Part

1 '

October:

The

Brain

and

Learned Behavior

--

Dr.

Harry F. Harlow

Automatic Programming:

The

A-2 Compiler Syste m

--

Part

2

Who

Are

Manning

the

New

Computers?

--

John

M.

Breen

November:

Automatic Answering

of

Inquiries

--

L.

E.

Griffith

Found

--

A "Lost"

Moon

--

Dr. Paul Herget

Mister

Andrew

Lloyd

--

R.

W.

Wallace

December:

Digital

Computers

in

Ea$tern Europe

Alston

S.

Householder

Automatic Airways

--

Henry

T.

Simmons

Roster

of

Organi~ations

in

the

Computer

Field

(cumulative)

January.

1956: Machines and

Religion

--

E

11

i 0 t

Gruenberg.

Automatic Coding Techniques

for

Business D a t a

Processing

--

Direc

tions

of

Developme n t

Charles

W.

Adams,

Bruce Moncreiff

What

is

a Computer?

--

Neil

D.

Macdonald

REFERENCE

INFORMATION

(in

various

issues):

Roster

of

Organi~ations

in

the

Computer

Field

/

Roster

of

Automatic Computing

Services

/ Ros-

ter

of

Maga~ines

Computer

san

d

Automation / Automatic Computers:

List/

Auto-

matic Computers: Estimated Commercial Popula-

tion

/ Automatic

Computing

Machinery:

list

0 f

Types / Components

of

Autom-atic

Computing

Machinery:

List

of

Types

/ Products and S e

r-

vices

in

the

Compu~er

Field

/

Who's

Who

i n

the

Computer

Field

/ Automation:

Lis

t 0 f

Outstanding Examples /

Boo

k

sand

0

the

r

Publications

/ Glossary /

Patents

I

Titles

and

Abstracts

of

Papers

BACK

COPIES:

Price,

if

avail

able,

$1.

25

e a c h ,

except

June, 1955,

$4.00.

Vol.

1,

no.

1,

Sept.

1951,

to

vol.

1,

no.

3,

July,

1952: 0 u t 0 f

print.

Vol. 1, no.

4,

Oc

t.

1952:

in

print.

Vol.

2,

no.

1,

Jan.

1953,

to

vol.

2,

no.

9,

Dec. 1953:

in

print

e x

~

e p t

Mar

c

h,

no. 2,

May.

no.

4.

and

July

t no.

5.

Vol.

3,

no.

1,

Jan.

1954,

to

vol.

3,

no. 10, Dec. 1954:

in

print.

Vol.

4,

1955, no. 1

to

12,

in

print.

A

subscription

(see

rates

on

page

4)

may

be

spec-

ified

to

begin with

the

current

month's

or

the

preceding month's

issue.

WRITE

TO:

Berkeley

Enterprises,

Inc.

,Publisher

of

COMPUTERS

AND

AUTOMATION

513

Avenue

of

the Americas

New

York

11,

N.

Y.

r~mputers

aDd

Automation

Forum

INVENTORIES

AND

ECONOMIC

ORDER

QUANTITY

I.

From

C.

G.

Levee,

Joliet,

Ill.

Your

article

"A

Big Inventory

Pr

0

ble

m

and

the

IBM

702"

by

Neil

D.

Macdonald

in

the

September

issue

of "Computers

and

Automation"

interests

me.

As

an

accounting machine

(IBM)

supervisor

I

am

lVorking

currently

on

my

ve

r-

sion

of a punched card inventory

control

and

accounting procedure.

The

procedure has been

tested

and

inaugurated

and

appears

to

be

sat-

isfactory

for

an

inventory of approxima

tel

y

30,000 items. But

up

to

date a

reorder

policy

or

formula has not been

selected.

The

economic

order

quantity

formula

de-

scribed

for

International

Bus

iness

Ma

chi

n e s

Corp

..

, Poughkeepsie, has

now

apparently

bee

n

in

use

for

several

months

and

the

res

u 1 t s

should

be

evident..

What

improvements

in

costs

have

resulted?

What

other

improvements h a v e

resul

ted?

To

your knowledge what

other

com-

panies have used

this

or

a

similar

formula

and

what

satisfaction

do

they

report?

II.

From

C.

E.

Brunn, Dept. of

Information,

International

Business

Mach.

Corp.,

New

York

Your

inquiry

was

forwarded

to

our

plant

ENGINEERS

pioneers

in

INERTIAL

NAYIGATION

STABILIZING

DEVICES

SERVOMECHANISMS

AUTOMATIC

CONTROLS

THERMODYNAMICS

OPTICS

ENVIRONMENTAL

RESEARCH

Immediate

openings

for

Supervisory

and

Staff

positions

as

well

as

for

Senior

Engineers,

and

Associate

Engineers,

experienced

in:

SYSTEMS

EVALUATION

GYROSCOPICS

DIGITAL

COMPUTERS

ACCELEROMETERS

TELEMETRY

GUIDANCE

SYSTEMS

in

Poughkeepsie

and

they have

told

us

that

be-

cause of

rapid

changes

in

production schedules)

they

do

not

yet

have

definite

data

on

the

re-

suI

ts

of

their

use of the

Economic

Order

Quan-

tity

formula

in

handling inventory

on

the

IBM

702

electronic

data

processing machine. A

1-

though

the

changes

in

production schedules

at

Poughkeepsie have prevented

them

from

setting

a

fixed

optimum

inventory

level

as a

goal,

yet

the

first

signs

of reduced

set-up

costs

and

ordering

costs

are beginning

to

appear.

They

are

certain

that

significant

savings

in

these

areas

will

be

effected.

We

understand

that

records of

vari

0 u s

Systems

and

Procedures Conferences

show

th

a t

many

companies

are

using a

similar

EOQ

formu-

la

in

handling inventory, although the handling

of course

is

not

necessarily

performed

on

IBM

machines. A

few

are:

York

Corp.

General

Electric

Westinghouse

Mullins Manufacturing Corp.

E.

F.

Houghton

and

Company

SKF

Industries

Argus

Cameras,

Inc.

For information

on

the

resul

ts

obtained

by

these

companies,

we

would suggest

that

you

con

t

ac

t

them

directly.

ARMA,

recognized

for

its accomplishments

in

the

fields

of

navigation

and

fire

control,

is a leader

in

the

development

of

Inertial

Navigation.

This

new

system

deals solely

with

space,

time

and

acceleration

...

acting

independently

of

external

influences.

Creative

engineering

of

the

highest

order

is

required

to

develop

components

making

Inertial

Navigation

possible: accelerometers

to

measure acceleration;

integrators

to

convert

this

information

into

velocity

and

distance; gyros

to

provide

directional

reference

and

hold

the

system stable; computers

to

calculate

course-to-steer

and

distance-to-go.

Components

must

meet

rigid

weight

and

size

requirements

...

and

function

with

undreamed-of

accuracy.

ARMA,

one

of

America's largest producers

of

ultra-precise

equipment,

offers

unlimited

opportunity

for

engineers

to

help

in

this

great

endeavor.

Challenging

projects

and

ARMA's

extensive..

supplementary

benefits

make

an

ARMA

career

doubly

attractive.

Send

resume

to:

~

....

~

Technical

Personnel

Dept.

2~500

~

..

,..,.,.

Division

of

American

Bosch

Arma

Corporation

Roosevelt Field,

Garden

City, Long Island,

N.

Y.

-30-

Forum

r~mputers

and Automation

Automation

Atltomation:

eeting,

France

(continued

from page 14)

Relation

between

automation

a n

ci

SYMPOSIUM

ON

ANALOG

COMPUTERS,

KANSAS

CITY,

APRIL

10-11,

1956

On

April

10

and 11, 1956, a Symposium

for

Management

on

Industrial

Applications

o~

An?log

Computers

will

be

held

in

the

Hotel

PhIl

II

ps

,

Kansas

City,

Missouri.

It

is

directory

follow:

Part

1

of

the

di

rec

tory

in

1956

tvi

11

be a

cumulative

"Roster

of

Organizations

in

the

Com-

puter

Field"

based

on

the

last

cumulative

ros-

ter

(published

December 1955,

containing

about

330

entries)

and brought

up

to

date.

Entries

in

this

roster

will

be

free.

If

you

know

0 f

any changes, addi

tions,

or

corrections

tOJ

hi c h

should

be

made

in

the

entries,

please

tell

u

s.

Part

2

of

the

directory

will

be

the

secorD

edition

of

"The

Computing Machinery

Field:

Pro-

duc

ts

and

Services

for

Sale."

Over 600

entries

on

21

pages appeared

in

the

first

edi

tion

i n

June 1955; a

considerable

increase

is

antici-

pated.

The

and blank forms,

will

be

sent

in

February,

to

suppliers

for

re-

view,

checking,

and

additions.

It

is

expected

at

this

time

that

a nominal

charge

of

$6.00

an

entry

liill

be

requested

from each

supplier

in

order

to

help

defray

the

cost

of

preparing

and

printing

the

dire~tory;

but

if

the

charge

i s

not

paid,

the

entry

may

still

appear

in

con-

densed form,

if

desirable

to

make

the

listing

complete.

Part

3

of

the

directory

will

be

the

third

edi

tion

of

the

Who's

Who

in

the

Computer Fiel d

In

the

June 1955

issue,

about 7500

entries

ap-

peared

on

96

pages;

of

these

about 2600 we r e

full

entries,

and

the

remainder were

brief

en-

tries.

Our

present

plans

are

to

publish

only

new

or

revised

Who's

Who

information

in

the

June 1956

directory.

Blank forms

for

new

0 r

revised

entries

will

be

sent

in

Feb

ru

a

ry

0 r

March

to

all

computer

pea

pIe

we

know

of.

It

is

expected

at

this,

time

that

a nominal

charge

of

$2.00

an

entry

will

be

requested

from each

person

whose

entry

is

printed,

in

order

tohe~

defray

the

cost

of

preparing

and

printing

the

Who's

Who;

but

if

the

charge

is

not

p

aid,

a

brief

entry

may

appear

in

condensed form

if

desirable

to

make

the

listing

complete.

The

main

reason

for

the

nominal charges

mentioned above

is

that

we

look

on

the

direc-

tory

as a

service

to

many

people

in

the

compu-

ter

field;

yet

so

far

it

has

not

paid

for

it-

self;

and

lve

need

to

make

a compromise,

pub-

1ishing

at

least

some

information

about every-

thing

that

should

appear

in

the

directory,

but

fuller

information

for

those

who

have

shared

directly

in

the

cost.

-36 -

RCA

offers

opportunities

IN

MISSILE

TEST

Data

Reduction

for -

~

MATHEMATICIANS

~

STATISTICIANS

~

P.HYSICISTS

~

ASTRO-PHYSICISTS

Degree plus experience in reduction of

test

data,

applied mathematics,

sta-

tistical techniques, or observatory

practices. Positions now available on

Florida's central

east

coast.

Liberal company

benefits-Relocation

assistance.

For information

and

arrangements for

personal

interview,

send

complete

resume to:

Mr. D.

E.

Pinholster

Employment

Manager,

Dept, N-14C

Missile Test Project

RCA Service Co., Inc.

P.O. Box

1226

Melbourne,

Florida

G

RADIO

CORPORATION

OF

AMERICA

-37 -

The

E~itor's

Notes

(continuerl

from

page

4)

ILpublished

there,

I\wiIen

you

want

to

k n 0

tf

something

about

an

author,

you c an

simply

look

up

and

find

out.

In

regard

to

the

charges

for

the

Who's

Who

entries,

what

we

said

in

the

January

issue

was

this:

"Our

present

plans

are

to

publish

0

nl

y

new

or

revised

Who's

Who

information

i

nth

e

June,

1956,

directory.

It

is

expected

at

this

time

that

a

nominal

charge

of

$2.00

an e

ntr

y

will

be

requested

from

each

person

("hose

ently

is

printed,

in

order

to

help

defray

the

cos

t

of

preparing

and

printing

the

Who's

Who;

but

if

the

charge

is

not

paid,

a

brief

entry

may

appear

in

condensed

form

if

desirable

to

make

the

listing

complete.

The main

reason

for

the

nominal

charges

(for

the

Who's

Who

and

the

Products

and

Services

Roster)

is

that

we

look

on

the

direc

tory

as

a

service

to

many

p

eop

1 e

in

the

computer

field;

yet

so

far

it

has

not

paid

f~r

itself;

and

we

neea

to

make

a c 0

m-

promise,

publishing

at

least

some

information

about

everything

that

should

appear

in

the

directory

but

fuller

information

for

those

Ivho

have

shared

directly

in

the

cost."

The

publication

of,

the

"Who' s

Who

in

the

Computer

Field"

in

various

issues

1953

to

1955

has

raised

many

questions

for

us.

Some

read-

ers

have

told

us

that

we

are

crazy

tom

a k e

available

in

the

pages

of

our

magazine

the

names

of

computer

people

--

that

we

s h-o u 1 d

keep

that

information

confidential,

as

par

t

of

our

business

stock

in

trade.

Other

people,

including

a

very

well

known management

firm,

have

told

us

that

they

carefully

pick

up

the

names

of

persons

in

our

Who's

Who

and

put

them

into

their

files,

so

as

to

help

advise

manage-

ment

of

big

companies

how

to

find

good comput-

er

men.

We

know

that

Ife

ourselves

use

the

Who's

Who

to

find

the

address

and

background

of

persons

whom

t'{e

want

to

know

about;

we

think

many

other

people

do

also.

And

finally,

the

file

of

names

of

computer

people

which

we

keep

on

punch

cards

in

order

to

construct

the

Who's

Who,

and which

now

contains

woout

11,000

names

of

computer

people,

is

also

regularly

used

by

the

Joint

Computer

Conference

to

send

out

an-

nouncements

of

computer

meetings.

A

reasonable

cost

for

preparing,

p r i

nt-

ing,

and

mailing

a

page

of

the

Computer D i

r-

ectory

last

year

was

around

$50

to

$60.

Such

a

page

may

contain

30

to

35 Who's

Who

entries.

It

should

be

self-supporting.

Basically,

the

only

money

that

lve

get

is

money

we

earn:

n 0

organiz

ation

that

has

to

make a

profi

t

to

stay

in

existence

can

afford

much

nonprofit

activ-

i

ty:

either

the

Who's

IVho

should

pay

for

itself

or

it

should

be

omitted.

This

year

l~e

think

I've

should

go a h e a d

wi

th

the

experiment,

and

find

out

if

ago

0 d

Who's

Who

can

be

published

lvith

a

requeste

d

nominal

charge

of

$2

for

each

entry.

The

crux

of

the

matter

is

that

i n 0 u r

opinion

the

Who's

Who

is

useful

to

com

p u

te

r

people.

If

they

vote

wi

th

adequate

sup

po

r t

that

it

is

useful,

we

can

keep

it

up.

If

they

vote

otherwise,

then

we

shall

drop

it.

III.

From

Paul

Armer

Santa

Monica,

Calif

I'd

like

to

make a few comments on

your

r~

marks

in

response

to

my

letter

to

you.

Note

by

the

Editor:

The

remarks

sent

to

Armer by

the

Editor

were

much

more

brief

than

the

dis-

cussion

written

above.

I

am

not

suggesting

that

your

Who's

Who

~

rectory

be

operated

at

a

loss,

but

th

a t t It e

support

for

it

come

from

those

for

whom

there

eXIsts

a

motivation

to

support

it.

As

an

in-

dividual

I

object

to

paying

money

for

the

in-

clusion

of

my

name

in

the

directory;

as

the

head

of

a

computing

installation,

I

am

quite

willing

to

pay

for

the

IVho's

Who

195603

195603 195603

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