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. MARCH

NOVEL APPLICA liONS OF COMPUTERS

1958

•
VOL. 7

Automation Comes to the Bible
NO. 3

Military Field Service Division, largest in the
Burroughs Defense Contracts Organization
invites creative electronics engineers to
apply their talents to these stimulating long
range programs offering professional
advancement, recognition and reward.
FIELD ENGINEERS
ASSISTANT FIELD ENGINEERS
INSTALLATION ENGINEERS
DATA PROCESSING ENGINEERS
TECHNICAL ASSISTANT ENGINEERS
Send resume to Mr. Robert Levinson,
Manager of Personnel Administration

BURROUGHS CORPORATION
MILITARY FIELD SERVICE DIVISION

511 North Broad street
Philadelphia 23, Penna.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for March, 1958

Typical
Alpha-Cutoff
Frequency-Mc

Typical
C-Current Transfer Ratia
Value at Collector Ma.

n-p-n Types for Medium-Current Switch'
'.
109 ApplicatIons

n-p-n Types for High-Current SWitchi

._
ng ApplIcations

9
p-n-p Types for Medium-Current S _ .
wItching Applications

-Mode in proposed Jetec size-group 30 Case

... a comprehensive line offering
superior performance in computer designs
RCA's line now includes 14 types specifically designed to meet the demand
from computer manufacturers for electrically uniform and reliable
transistors. Your RCA Field Representative or your authorized RCA
Semiconductor Products Distributor will be glad to discuss with you the
many advances being made by RCA in this area of electronics. Specify
RCA transistors for your computer designs. For technical data on specific
types, write RCA Commercial Engineering,. Sect. C-90-NN, Somerville, N. J.

•

RCA FIELD OFFICES
EAST••••••• 744 Broad Street
Newark, N. J.
HUmboldt 5-3900
MIDWEST ••• Suite 1181
Merchandise Mart Plaza
Chicago, III.
WHitehall 4-2900
WEST _ •.•.• 6355 E. Washington Blvd_
Los Angeles, Calif.
RAymond 3-8361
GOV'T •••••• 224 N. Wilkinson Street
Dayton, Ohio
BAldwin 6-2366
1625 "K" Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C.
District 7-1260

RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA
Semiconductor Division

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

Somerville, N. J.

COMPUTERS
and AUTOMATION
DATA PROCESSING
Volume 7
Number 3

•

CYBERNETICS

•

Established
September 1951

MARCH, 1958

NOVEL APPLICATIONS OF
COMPUTERS
Three-Part Music With a Computer as One Part

PHYLLIS HUGGINS

Music by Automatic Computers
NEIL

M~CDON~LD

Economic Planning by Electronic Computer:
Planning of Sweden's Power .

D. G. PACY

Economic System Studied by Analog Computer
Air Traffic Control by Digital Computer

9
9

WALTER L. ANDERSON

Supermarket Chains Competing Through Calculations
9
Air Flight and Combat by Computer .
10
Nuclear Reactor Simulation on a Medium-Size
Computer
. 10
PHYLLIS HUGGINS

The Best Corn Hybrids Calculated By Electronic
Computer
. 11
W. E. CLARK

Foreign Language Translation by Automatic Computer .
11
J. SPECK

Prediction of Translation by Computers from
Other Languages to Russian
12
JOHN W. CARR, III

Scientific Abstracting by Computer

H. T. ROWE

Analysis of Investments by Automatic Computer
Bridge-Playing by Computer .

13
13

PHYLLIS HUGGINS

Destruction of Civilized Existence by Automatic
Computing Controls
13
ADMIRAL ARLEIGH A. BURKE,
DR. W. H. PICKERING, and the Editor
EDITOR:

Edmund C. Berkeley

ASSISTANT EDITOR:

SERVICE AND SALES DIRECTOR

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
Ned Chapin
Alston S. Householder

FRONT COVER
Novel Applications of Computers
ARTICLE
Automation Comes to the Bible .

1,8

. 16

CLAIR M. COOK

READERS' AND EDITOR'S FORUM
The Computer Directory and Buyers' Guide, 1958
Films for Instruction in Electronic Data Processing

6
6

STANLEY COHN

IRE National Convention, N ew York, March 2427, 1958 - Papers Related to Computers and
Automation .
Central Ohio Association for Computing Machinery - Second Annual Symposium - Columbus,
Ohio, March 29, 1958 .
University of Michigan 10-Day Summer Course in
Automatic Control
Corrections of December Issue .
INDUSTRY NEWS NOTES
Computer Industry Notified of Infringement of
Magnetic Core Patent .

27
34
34

PAUL STEEN

Impetus of Data Processing on Component Manu22
facturers .
W. W. STIFLER

"library for a Computer
IBM 1957 Gross Income Over One Billion Dollars
Hughes Aircraft to Grant 150 Fellowships in Science ~ork .
REFERENCE INFORMATION
Books and Other Publications
The Computer Directory and Buyers' Guide, 1958.
The Buyers' Guide List of Headings
Automatika I Telemechanika .
INDEX OF NOTICES
Advertising Index

22
22
23
21
24
28
31
34

San Francisco 5: A. S. Babcock. 605 Market St....... Yukon 2-3954

Neil D. Macdonald

Milton L. Kaye, 535 Fifth Ave., New York 17, N.Y.
Murray Hill 2-4194

Andrew D. Booth

ROBOTS

Los Angeles 5: W. F. Green. 439 S. Western Ave... Dunkirk 7-8135
Elsewhere: The Publisher. Berkeley Enterprises. Inc., 815 Washington St., Newtonville 60. Mass ...... Decatur 2-5453 or 2-3928
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION is published monthly at 160
Warren St., Roxbury 19. Mass., by Berkeley Enterprises, Inc.
Printed in U.S.A.

John W. Carr, III

ADVISORY COMMITTEE

SUBSCRIPTION RATES: (United States) $5.50 fOT 1 year, $10.50
for 2 years; (Canada) $6.00 for 1 year, $11.50 for 2 years; (Foreign) $6.50 for 1 year, $12.50 for 2 years.

Samuel B. Williams Herbert F. Mitchell. Jr. Howard T. Engstrom
Alston S. Householder H. Jefferson Mills, Jr. George E. Forsythe
Morton M. Astrahan

Address all Editorial and Subscription Mail to Berkeley Enterprises,
Ine., 815 Washington St., Newtonville 60, Mass.

ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES
New England: Ed Burnett. 815 Washington St., Newtonville 60,
Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decatur 2-5453

ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER at the Post Office at
Bos,ton 19, Mass. Postmaster: Please send all Forms 3579 to
Berkeley Enterprises, Inc., 160 Warren St., Roxbury 19, Mass.

Middle Atlantic States: Milton L. Kaye, 535 Fifth Ave .• New York
17, N.Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Murray Hill 2-4194

COMPUTERS al1d AUTOMATION for March, 1958

your design ideas

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actuat ~

NEW

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ELECTRICALLY VARIABLE
DELAY LIN E •••
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ESC's entirely new Series EV·600 introduces miniaturized
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is proportional to control voltage, an amplitude function
can be converted into time modulation of a pulse or phase
modulation of a frequency. The Series EV·600 requires
no power and has infinite resolution. Simplified circuitry

takes advantage of the inherent reliability of passive
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Write for complete technical data and specifications.
See the Series EV·600 in operation at the I. R. E. Show- Booth # 2843

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isC!J ~C 0 :::'~:::~~~M~U
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534 Bergen Boulevard, Palisades Park, New Jersey

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

Readers' and Editor's Forum
FRONT COVER: COMPUTER AS MUSICIAN
The front cover shows a picture of the Bendix G-15
computer in the role of musician. During the holiday
season this computer was on television playing carols.
It is shown here being televised with Bob Cooper on the
oboe and Howard Rumsey on the bass viol.
THE COMPUTER DIRECTORY AND
BUYERS' GUIDE, 1958
The completely revised, up-to-date 1958 edition of
"The Computer Directory and Buyers' Guide, 1958" will
be published by letterpress in June (the June issue of
"Computers and Automation"). It will contain at least
75 pages, and will probably contain many more entries'
than the 2000 printed last year.
The directory will as before contain two master lists:
Part 1, "Roster of Organizations in the Field of Computing and Data Processing."
This will be alphabetical by name of organization.
Part 2, "Buyers' Guide to the Field of Computing and
Data Processing: Roster of Products for Sale or Rent."
This will be classified under product headings (see the
list of headings on page 28); under each heading entries will be alphabetical by name of company.
Each list will contain "ordinary entries," which are
FREE and brief, and "Expanded Bold Face Entries,"
which give 20 to 50 words of information or more and
carry a nominal charge of $10 (in some cases $5 only, or
less). See the details on page 24.
Blank entry forms were mailed out in February to
over 4000 organizations. But if you did not receive one,
you can find in this issue the substance of the reporting
form, on pages 26 and 28.
Please help us make this annual directory complete, by
sending us the information that applies to your organization.
FILMS FOR INSTRUCTION IN ELECTRONIC
DATA PROCESSING
Stanley Cohn
A vro Aircraft, Ltd.
Toronto, Ontario

In reply to the request of Mr. Henry B. Ramsey of
Philadelphia for information on E.D.P.M. films, we have
found the following to be of value:
1. "Integrating the Office for Electronics," available for rental from the Visual Education Department, American Management Association, 1515
Broadway, New York 36, N.Y.
2. Set of four filmstrips (with audio recording) on
Data Processing and Computer Systems, available on purchase only ($110) from the same organization.
3. "Making Electrons Count," dealing with scientific computing, available on loan, shipping costs
only to be paid, produced by the Digital Computer Laboratory, Mass. Inst. of Technology,
Cambridge 39, Mass.
6

IRE NATIONAL CONVENTION, NEW YORK,
MARCH 24-27, 1958-PAPERS RELATED TO
COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION
The IRE National Convention will meet in N ew York,
on March 24-27, at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel and the
New York Coliseum. Over 50,000 attendance is expected; there will be 850 exhibits; and 55 technical sessions. The sessions of chief interest to computer people
appear to be the two symposia on Tuesday evening:
Electronics in Space
Waldorf-Astoria, Starlight Roof
Propulsion and Interplanetary Travel, E. Stuhlinger and
K. A. Ehricke.
Navigation and Control, C. S. Draper.
Man in the Space Environment, D. G. Simons.
Communications and Telemetering, J. B. Wiesner.
Terminal Environment, F. L. Whipple.
Electronics Systems in Industry
New York Coliseum, Faraday Hall
J. M. Bridges, C. C. Hurd, T. R. Jones and J. D. Ryder.
and the following day sessions:
TUESDAY MORNING, MARCH 25
Automatic Control - General
Waldorf-Astoria, Starlight Roof
A Servopressure Control System for the Iron Lung, G. A.
Biernson and J. E. Ward.
Gain-Phase Relations of Nonlinear Circuits, E. Levinson.
On the Design of Adaptive Systems, H. L. Groginsky.
The Organization of Digital Computers for Process Control, G. Post and E. L. Braun.
A Self-Adjusting System for Optimum Dynamic Performance, G. W. Anderson, J. A. Aseltine, A. R. Mancini,
and C. W. Sarture.
Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics
New York Coliseum, Morse Hall
A VORTAC Traffic Control System, P. E. Ricketts.
Airborne VORTAC DME for Federal Airways System,
S. M. Dodington and B. B. Mahler.
IDEA - Integrated Defense Early-Warning Air Traffic
Control, B. H. Baldridge.
The ANIAPN-96 Doppler Radar Set, M. W. McKay.
Increasing the Traffic Capacity of Transponder Systems,
H. Davis and M. Setrin.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, MARCH 26
The Canadian Automation System of Postal Operations
Waldorf-Astoria, Grand Ballroom
The Canadian Automation System of Postal Operations,
M. Levy.
Organization of the Electronic Computer for the Canadian
Electronic Mail Sorting System, A. Barszczewski.
Coding and Error Checking in the Canadian System, M.
Levy and V. Czorny.
The Canadian Automation System of Postal Operations,
H. Jensen and K. H. Ullyatt.
[Please turn to page 27]

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for March, 1958

ELECTRONIC
ASSOCIATES

FOCAL POINT OF THE ANALOG COMPUTING
AND PLOTTING INDUSTRIES
THE ONE SOURCE you naturally look to for the
very latest advances in the arts of data reduction,
analog computation, and plotting, recording, or
digital read-out equipment. Write Dept. CA-3
J 1000 or E Variplotter

205N Variplotter

See Electronic Associates· equipment demonstrated at the IRE
Show, March 24 to 27, the Coliseum, New York. Our booth
numbers are 1202 thru 1208.

ELECTRONIC
ASSOCIATES

O~
COl~IPUTERS

•••••

MANUFACTURERS

PAce
PRECISION

LONG

BRANCH.

and AUTC:i\fATION, for March, 1958

NEW

JERSEY.

TEL.

ANA'-O~

COMPUTING

CAPITOL

EQUIPMENT

9.1tOO~

NOVEL APPLICATIONS
of

COMPUTERS
THREE-PART MUSIC WITH A COMPUTER
AS ONE PART
Phyllis Huggins
Bendix Computer Division
Los Angeles, California

One novel application for an electronic computer is playing music. While of no practical value
probably, playing Bach to bop greatly increases a computer's circle of friends. The computer sounds like an
organ playing a flute duet. The pitch is relative, and the
timing more precise than a metronome. A combination
composed of Bob Cooper on the oboe, Howard Rumsey
on the bass viol, and the Bendix G-15 as middle musician,
recently made beautiful music for visitors to the Bendix
Computer plant in Los Angeles.
The tones produced by the computer are generated by
bit configurations in the computer's memory. They are
fed from one, or more, of the long lines of memory directly to the input of an audio amplifier. If a single bit is
placed in an otherwise clear memory line, as the line re-circulates on the drum this bit will be seen at the input
to the amplifier as a voltage change. There are actually
two changes - one up and one down - every time the
note passes under the read head on the drum, or once
per drum cycle.
By changing the number of ONE bits in each group,
we can vary the output frequency over a wide range, the
lowest being 34 cps and the highest being approximately
10 kc. In this particular routine, the notes range from
.850 cps to 2443 cps, assuming a drum speed of 34 cps.
The particular notes chosen in the 1 % plus octave range
were selected for maximum flexibility in composition.
We arbitarily calJ the note which corresponds to two
words of ONEs followed by two words of ZEROs, "Middle c." This note is actually nearly two octaves higher.
On this basis, the available 15 notes are:
Bo, C, D, E, F#, G, A, B flat, B, C', C#', D', E', and F'
The hexadecimal symbols used by the G-15 correspond
with these. Code 0 indicates a rest. A 16th note is the
shortest possible note duration and is indicated with a
code O. The hexadecimal symbols will cause 1 through
15 sixteenth notes additional time to elapse.
Each of the 15 available notes is stored in a long line of
memory. The playing of a tune is accomplished by copying the melody into one long line and the harmony into
another. The sign and three digits of a word define the
note. Sign indicates whether a note of the melody, coded
the same in two successive words, is to be repeated or
sustained. The least-significant digit of each word specifies the duration of the note, the next digit specifies the
8

pitch of the melody and the next one, the pitch of the
harmony.
The routine first sets up a command that will fill line
02, for example, with the designated melody note, then
forms a command which will fill'line 03 with the designated harmony note. The latter command is executed
first, and then the former. To compensate for the one
drum cycle minimum delay between execution of these
two command, the amplifier is attached to the input
(write head) of line 03 and the output one cycle late
(write head) of line 02. In this way, the melody and
harmony sound essentially simultaneously.
MUSIC BY AUTOMATIC COMPUTERS
Neil Macdonald
The front cover of thb issue of "Computers and Automation" shows a computer which played Christmas
carols, This of course was a publicity feature - but it
highlights some possibilities that are interesting and
important.
The playing of fine symphonic music written by a
great composer is without doubt the execution of a program. The music produced the different orchestral instruments, violins, woodwinds, tubas, cellos, ..... , each
played by a trained musician and each musician attentively following a great conductor - all this is without
doubt something that automatic programming can produce. Give all the orchestral instruments automatic controis; include other musical instruments if desired; govern the timing of all the musical notes and rests down to
milliseconds or perhaps finer; include in the program
the skill of a gceat conductor in varying the meter and
the relative loudness and softness of the different instruments; and we would without doubt have a symphonic
music which would be marvelously beautifuL
Why not try it? We might well find a qualitatively new
medium of musical expression that would be a great
contribution to symphonic music.
We would no longer be limited by the number of
musicians who can watch a conductor or by the inevitable departures from exact time as the number of human
musicians is increased or by the distraction of human beings arising from hearing other musical notes played
near them or . . ...
There is at least another, much simpler, application of
automatic information handling to music, which many
students of music would bless. This is a device which
would help the learner of a piece of music, by taking in
("reading") the printed notation on a sheet of paper
(or punched on paper tape) and playing the notes musiCOMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for March, 1958

cally. In this way, a student learning the piano or violin
could use not only his eyes for reading the musical notation, but also his ears - so that he would also hear how
the piece is played, and in this way be helped to learn it.
This would be a particular help to those early student~
of music whose fingers won't behave easily. For the
student could listen to any specified sequence of the
music slowly or quickly, and over and over, if he wished.
Yet modern controls would produce a result far different from the old pianola, with its punched paper
tape pneumatically controlling the keys of the piano, so
that every note was struck equally loudly, and there was
no variation at all according to the melodic structure of
the piece.
Let us hope that the powers of automatic programming may be applied more than they have so far, in the
field of music.
ECONOMIC PLANNING BY ELECfRONIC
COMPUTER: PLANNING OF SWEDEN'S POWER
D. G. Pacy
Ferranti Electric, Inc.
New York, N. Y.

An electronic 'brain' in London has been used to plan
the power production of a nation.
The Swedish State Power Board set out to determine
from figures taken over a 30 year period the best use of
its hydroelectric power stations, the nation's main source
of power. Dozens of possible alternative plans were to
be considered: to examine each plan in detail would take
an engineer at least six tedious weeks; even then, the
problem would have to be considerably simplified and
therefore the results would not be entirely realistic.
In a matter of days, the Board determined its plan by
the use of an electronic computer at the Ferranti London
Computing Centre.
The main Swedish industries involved were the w~)od
pulp, paper, steel, timber, and river fishing. Some of the
chief problems were to calculate how efficient the present
system of power distribution was among Swedish industries in relation to their economic importance, and to
plan for the national development of future power stations.
The computer had to take into account many factors:
winter ice; steam power production; water-level in the
reservoirs; the capacity of dams and turbines; export of
electricity to Denmark; needs of the major wood pulp,
paper and steel industries; shipping; and timber floating
in the rivers. It even considered the amount of water
needed by the salmon.
Alternative plans were considered on the computer,
such as the effects of larger reservoirs, varying sizes of
power stations, and eliminating the floating of timber
down rivers.
ECONOMIC SYSTEM STUDIED BY
ANALOG COMPUTER
A non-linear model of a portion of the United States
national economy was simulated on the Beckman EASE
analog computer. A system of 12 equations represented
an economist's hypothesis of the interaction of the financial and monetary sector of the economy with the production market. Starting conditions for each solution
were based on known mid-1952 economic data.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

The conditions included in this study were total bank
deposits, bank loans, bank reserves, total currency supply,
bank reserve ratio, loan conditions, aggregate demand
for all products, and the national product. The equations
were postulated primarily on considerations in the field
of economics without knowledge of the capabilities of
the computer.
The purpose of the study was not primarily predictions of the future of the economy but rather simulation
of the abstracted system to obtain the knowledge of its
behavior. Among the results observed were the cyclical
nature of the economy, the lag present in the supply and
demand principle, and the fact that the postulated economic system, if unaffected by outside influences, would
reach an equilibrium state in about 20 years.
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL BY DIGITAL COMPUTER
Walter L. Anderson
General Kinetics, Inc.
Arlington 2, Va.

Under a contract with the Air Force Cambridge Research Center, General Kinetics, Inc., Arlington, Virginia, has prepared a terminal equipment plan for replacing the Volscan Air Traffic Control DATAC analog
computers with a standard commercially available digital
computer. A digital computer program was written
which duplicates all the present computational and logical control functions of the existing analog equipment.
Using synthetically produced radar information, the system was tested on the IBM 704 computer at the National
Bureau of Standards. Trials were made with various
aircraft and wind conditions. All scheduling and geometrical computations were performed in real time. The
output commands were available for transmission to aircr~ft in times ranging from 24 to 55 milliseconds after
receipt of the input radar information.
The feasibility of using standard commercially available computers in real time air traffic control applications has been demonstrated. The IBM 704 and other
equivalent commercial computers have the speed and
input-output capabilities to schedule jet or propeller aircraft to 8 different airfields at a landing rate of 120 aircraft per hour.
SUPERMARKET CHAINS COMPETING
THROUGH CALCULATIONS
In a two day conference Jan. 27-28, 1958, at Palm
Springs, Calif., supermarket executives matched wits with
each other through a pair of automatic electronic computers.
Their decisions made in the operation of hypothetical
supermarket chains were electronically plotted and rated
by two desk-size EI0l computers made by Burroughs
Corp., ElectroData Division, Pasadena, Calif.
The businessmen compressed 2-Yz years of experience
of management into a novel "game of strategy."
Players were divided into five-man "boards of directors," each representing a supermarket chain. These
boards attempted to out-maneuver one another, through
executive decisions which were "umpired" and instantaneously evaluated by the computers.
Each chain was given the same share of business volume and identical operating statistics (number of stores,
9

overhead costs, etc.). The players then decided what
action to take in a given quarter to strengthen their competitive positions - such as building or renovating facilities, increasing or decreasing advertising, raising capital through loans, etc.
Their decisions were fed to the E101 computers,
which had been previously programmed to evaluate
them.
The computers automatically weighed the decisions
and printed out financial statements for each chain. From
these reports the competing executives saw at once which
chain was operated in the wiser manner.
AIR FLIGHT AND COMBAT BY COMPUTER
Hughes Aircraft Company's Digitair, the first airborne
digital computer in actual production, can fly an Air
Force all-weather jet interceptor, first defense against
the airborne H-bomb, through all phases of supersonic
combat, from take-off to touchdown, leaving the pilot
free to make tactical decisions.
Digitair can make 9,600 basic arithmetical computations in one second and render 6,250 decisions in one
minute. Yet it weighs only 120 pounds and is small
enough to fit into the cabinet of a 21-inch table model
TV set. It works with coded information flashed to it by
powerful ground control stations and the plane's own radar,
and simultaneously takes in 61 different types of information while putting out 30 types. In doing so it performs or
monitors 16 separate navigation and flight control functions during a program cycle of 1.S seconds, all at least
once, some of them several times.

These functions include such operations as actuating
the interceptor's control surfaces to correct pitch and
roll, commanding the pilot to increase or decrease his
speed; maintaining constant check on available fuel, and
the distance the airplane can fly on it under existing conditions; target, range, azimuth and elevation information provided to the pilot; proper speed and altitude the
pilot should fly in order to accurately intercept the target, and besides, a continuing check of its own accuracy
and reliability.
The Hughes computer is not necessarily restricted to
interceptor use. Another novel application would be its
installation in a commercial jet airliner. It could automatically navigate and continuously compute speed and
altitude for best performance, automatically program
fuel consumption from take-off to landing, meanwhile
considering varying flight conditions; automatically process and display navigation data; enable the pilot to insert alternate position, destination and altitude information; and automatically control communications between
ground traffic and automatic landing control.
Installed in supersonic bombers, Digitair could automatically navigate, control target approach and bomb
release, control communications, compute flight-control
functions, di!'ect defensive armament and escape maneuvers, and control evasive maneuvers.

NUCLEAR REACTOR SIMULATION
ON A MEDIUM-SIZE COMPUTER
Phyllis Huggins
Bendix Computer Division
Los Angeles, California

COMPUTER TO FLY A PLANE IN
SUPERSONIC FLIGHT AND COMBAT
A major scientific advance, vital in aerial defense, is
the Digitair, the first airborne digital computer in actual
production. Here Hughes Aircraft Company test pilot,
Robert -R. Carson, inspects a prototype test model installed in F-102A Air Force all-weather interceptor.
The computer being produced is small enough to fit into
21-inch table model TV cabinet.
10

An application using the Bendix G-15 computer and
three MT A-2 magnetic tape units for simulation of a
nuclear power plant reactor has been developed by Holley Carburetor Company. The application is of some
interest as it uses a medium-size computer for a program
for which it is usually considered necessary to have the
largest computing equipment.
Computation, in effect, takes a snapshot of the entire
power plant, per second, for 100 or more seconds per
run. Partial differential equations are used to develop
time-space-temperature relationships. Approximately
300,000 mathematical calculations are made for each snap
shot. With these the computer generates steady-state
maps for a performance study of the control system.
The methods of solution used are applicable to any process involving kinetic thermodynamics. The program is
processed in the following manner: The magnetic tape
units are used to extend the storage of the computer.
Programs and constants are kept on tape. The memory
drum of the computer is used for working storage and
working commands. The variables for each control
check are stored on the drum and recorded by the typewriter. Each control point of the plant is treated as a
separate program, with a loading routine that calls in
the next program. The last program for the plant operation reverses the magnetic tape and a loop operation is
established. The sequence technique is used with each
case operating on the variables produced in the previous
run. Typed output includes: time per seconds at start
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for March, 1958

of the transients; all temperatures at all control points
in the plant; and temperature profiles for the control
points in the plant.
Investigation of reactor operation is still experimental
and developmental. Equations have been written for
each component of the power plant. Factors have been
used for a scale model with data for computation. When
this information is assembled it simulates the power
plant. The plant is represented by a system of 250 differential equations. In two parts of the program a
180 x 180 matrix is solved.
The digital computer does not operate in real time.
Five minutes of computation are equivalent to one second of power plant time. An analog computer is used
for real time checks of samplings of the digital simulation. In the opinion of the Holley Carburetor Company,
open use of the low-cost G-15 compared to scheduled use
of a high-cost computer, has enabled them to complete in
1Yz weeks work that required 5 months on a large-scale
machine.
THE BEST CORN HYBRIDS
CALCULATED BY ELECTRONIC COMPUTER
W. E. Clark
Hanover, Pa.

Illiac, the high-speed electronic computer at the University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill., is helping agricultural
scientists to select new and better strains of hybrid corn.
R. W. Jugenheimer, in charge of corn breeding work,
and W. C. Jacob, agricultural statistician, are turning the
old art of plant breeding into a new highly-skilled and
exact science.
For example, from 50 parent lines of corn, it is possible to make 1,225 single crosses and 690,900 double
crosses. But, mathematics accomplished by electronic
computer can predict which crosses are most likely to
bring out the desired features in the hybrid corn.
The result is that the scientists need only take 40 or 50
of the best combinations into the field for testing.
The newest corn hybrids under study carry traits for
high oil and high protein content. Other desirable characteristics the scientists are working toward include resistance to European corn borer, high yield, good stand ability and proper maturity.
In the tests, the scientists punch the known traits of
each parent corn variety onto cards. The computer then
matches up the desired traits into the various combinations. Corn breeders then can concentrate their field
testing work on those parent lines that are likely to give
the most desirable hybrids for farmers to grow.

roughs Corporation in Pasadena, Calif. He fed a Datatron electronic data processing system four excerpts in
Russian, French, German and Spanish. One was a headline from Pravda - "Mashina perevodit s odnovo yazeeka na drugoy."
Datatron printed on its electric typewriter the precise
English equivalent: "Machine translates from one language into another."
According to Toma, this marks a real breakthrough
toward a universal interpretation of all the world's
tongues - and a common written language. His is the
only technique formulated for multiple-language machine translation.
The program does not merely produce a word-forword record, but correctly renders the thought or
"sense" behind each foreign phrase.
To prime his electronic linguist, Toma first transmits
to its magnetic memory drum four specially-condensed
dictionaries of Russian, French, German and Spanish.
These were previously punched on paper tape in numerical computer language, along with instructions telling
Datatron how it should go about translating.
The computer - which adds or subtracts at the rate of
30,000 numbers a minute - electronically converts the
code into alphabetic characters. Then it compares various semantic and logical patterns with the pre-stored
glossaries. In several minutes, it types out a complete
page of English translation.

FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRANSLATION BY
AUTOMATIC COMPUTER

Speck

Burroughs Corp., ElectroData Division
Pasadena, Calif.

An electronic computer has been programmed to interpret four foreign languages and automatically print
out idiomatic English translations.
Peter Toma, 32-year-old Hungarian, demonstrated his
translation technique at the ElectroData Division of BurCOMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

ELECTRONIC LINGUIST - Peter Toma, standing at
Datatron, holds punched paper tape used in entering his
specially coded formula for translating languages into the
electronic computer. Toma, 32, translated four languages
- Russian, French, German and Spanish - into English in a demonstration at the ElectroData Division of
Burroughs Corporation, which manufactures the Datatron.
11

PREDICtION OF TRANSLATION BY
COMPUTERS FROM OTHER LANGUAGES
TO RUSSIAN
John W. Carr, III
Univ. of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Mich.

Recent achievements of Soviet science in the areas of
rocketry and space flight indicate that their efforts may
very well be just as pronounced in other directions. The
American scientific community has long had knowledge
of the immense effort that the Soviet Union has been
placing on translation of scientific documents from such
languages as English, German, and French over into
Russian.
There has been no comparable effort on the part of
the United States to perform translation of Russian documents, and since most American scientists are not trained
in Russian, the American scientific community has not
been aware of the magnitude of the general Soviet scientific effort until its culmination in recent astronomical
events.
A recent perusal of Soviet literature on digital computers with the aid of some translations by Morris Friedman of M. 1. T. and by me indicates that another Soviet
triumph in an area outside of missiles may very well be
the announcement of full scale digital computer machine
language translation of scientific and technical literature
from English into Russian.
The efforts of world-famous Soviet mathematicians,
including Kantorovich and Markov, as well as less wellknown individuals located at the V. A. Steklov Mathematical Institute, have been concentrated on the development of both a theory and practical digital computer
programs to solve this problem. The work reported in
the Soviet open literature indicates that the theory behind this program was well developed over two years
ago. The caliber of mathematicians involved and the
description of the work done indicates that it is a major
project.
On the other hand, the overall United States effort 1fl
this area has been negligible. What results have been
obtained have been generally more in the way of trial
experiments performed by isolated individuals than any
concentrated effort.
In addition to the prestige value of such an achievement to the Russians, the value of machine translation
to the Soviet Union in its continued perusal of foreign
documents would be immense. There is today legitimate
disagreement among American scientists as to the ease
with which this problem can be solved. However, with
the increased speed, capacity, and reliability of digital
machines, their ability to do this job under the instruction of human beings cannot be denied. Moreover, this
area of translation, along with the concomitant, area of
so called "automatic programming," is leading human
beings directly towards the development of machines
which will perform inductive reasoning - prove theorems, mak~ decisions, eva1,uate complex situations, and
behave in what might appear to be a more rational
fashion than many human beings.
The Soviet literature indicates that their leading mathematicians are highly aware of the implications of these
new devices. In the United States, because of the gener12

ally) skeptical opinion of fundamental science among politicians and the military, there is little support for these
"blue-sky," "science-fiction," problems. Very little money
is available for research at universities, where the persons most competent in such problems are located. Responsibility for any effort at all has generally been left
to commercial organizations, whose main effort is the
sale or rental of equipment.
In such a situation, the announcement of spectacular
results in the area of unusual applications of so-called
"giant brains" by the Soviet Union may very well be
expected.

SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACtING BY COMPUTER

H. T.

Rowe

International Business Machines Corp.
New York, N.Y.

Researchers at International Business Machines Corp.
have made an initial progress report on a method for
producing abstracts of scientific and technical articles
using an IBM 704 Electronic Data Processing System.
The articles are analyzed sentence by sentence by the
computer. The machine then selects the "most significant" sentences and reproduces them on an electronic
printer. The human engineer or scientist by reading the
sentences can then determine whether or not the article
is of value to him.
In the machine abstracting technique, called Auto Abstracting, the article to be abstracted is first punched out
on IBM cards, and then transcribed to magnetic tape,
which is then placed in the machine. (Optical scanning
now under development may eventually eliminate the
card stage entirely.) The machine "reads" the magnetic
tape in a fraction of a second, and applying a program,
treats words as entities. It determines their "significance" by measuring the frequency of individual use and
the frequency of combinations and couplings.
The entire article is submitted to a statistical analysis of
word usage and placement, from which a table of values
is made. The machine then analyzes each sentence based
on this table, and awards a significance factor to it. Then,
depending on the degree of these factors, the machine
selects the several highest ranking sentences and prints
them Out.
If the significance is very high, a single sentence might
serve as the entire abstract. If, on the other hand, the
meaning is strung out in several sentences, the machine
will print out all of these.
An advantage of machine abstracts is that only the
original statements of authors appear in the abstract,
and the abstracting sentences are not subject to misinterpretations by human evaluators. Another advantage is
that the selection of the key sentence or sentences is made
through mathematical analysis, and a constant standard.
The auto abstracting technique has grown from research into the problems of information retrieval carried on by H. P. Luhn of the IBM's Yorktown Heights
Research Center. A host of tedious information-seeking
problems are awaiting solution through electronic data
processing methods of this type.
The patent office is faced with the Herculean task of
fi1st classifying millions of variations in machine designs
offered as new patents, and then finding the entire class
COMPUTERS

atld

AUTOMATION for March, 1958

of similar variations already filed, and then determining
the degree of variation.
Physicians are considering the possibility of diagnosing diseases by feeding the symptoms to a computer that
has memorized the thousands of combinations of symptoms for every known disease.
Given the specifications and cost limitations, chemical
compounds including resins and plastics may be selected
by computers from the thousands that have been developed.
IBM researchers point out that this progress report is
merely a first step in literary abstracting, but enough
success has been achieved to warrant further development.

will recommend for consideration by the Fund's Board
of Directors. The Board of course makes the final de~
cision.
This is apparently the first time that computers have
been used to assist investment advisers in developing
portfolios to meet a particular set of investment objectives. In the case of Automation Shares Fund, these objectives are to obtain a modest current income but maximum possibilities of growth of capital and income in the
future, while limiting to a specified degree the speculative content of the portfolio as a whole.
BRIDGE-PLAYING BY COMPUTER
Phyllis Huggins

ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENTS BY
AUTOMATIC COMPUTER

Bendix Computer Division
Los Angeles 45, Calif.

The automation of investment analysis has begun, in
the work being done by the Corporation for Economic
and Industrial Research, as Investment and Technical
Adviser to Automation Shares, Inc., a new Mutual Fund
specializing in investment in automation equipment and
component companies.
CEIR is using what it calls "Automated Portfolio Analysis." In its analyses of the various companies which
are eligible for investment under the Fund's investment
policy, it is making projections of estimated future sales,
earnings, dividends, and prices of the various securities.
By a procedure not at present being made public, it is
also estimating the degree of confidence it feels can be
placed on these estimates for each security. This mass of
data, for the entire range of candidate companies, is then
fed into its IBM 704 computer. The various types of
portfolio investments are then explored by applying
some of the latest linear programming techniques. Using these techniques the computer goes through thousands of different combinations of the whole list of securities, seeking out those combinations which will
satisfy the investment criteria established by the Fund's
Board of Directors, yet are expected to yield the desired
results with a prescribed degree of confidence.
This process is repeated several times using different
objectives, and the results then supplied for guidance to
the Fund's Investment Committee. After a careful study
of the computations, the Committee makes the final
judgments as to the exact portfolio possibilities which it

The Bendix G-15 Computer has faced, and bested, its
first human adversaries in bridge. The program dramatizes how the computer can be used to solve problems of
sorting, decision-making, and record search such as are
involved in bridge and other games apparently not related to mathematics. In the "beat the expert" hand a
grand slam in clubs, the computer plays North and South,
Plays made by competing hands are fed into the computer by code, and the machine makes the proper play in
response.
North
S-A, K, 4, 3, 2
H-A, K, 2
D-A, K, 2
C-A, K
East
West
S-7, 6, 5
S-Q, J, 10, 9, 8
H-9, 8, 7
H-Q, J, 10
D-9, 8, 7, 6
D-Q, J, 10
C-4, 3,2
C-6, 5
South
S....................................
H-6, 5, 4, 3
D-5,4,3
C-Q, J, 10, 9, 8, 7
The program was originated by Professor Robert F.
Jackson of the University of Delaware. The G-15 rejects, with what he terms "a stern, minatory bell," any
card that is illegally played from an opposing hand.

DESTRUCTION OF CIVILIZED EXISTENCE
BY AUTOMATIC COMPUTING CONTROLS
I. By: Admiral Arleigh A. Burke
Chief of Naval Operations
Washington, D. C.

(excerpts from a talk to the Preparedness Subcommittee,
United States Senate as reported and/or quoted in
"The New York Times," January 30, 1958)
... The United States and the Soviet Union will soon
have the ability to destroy each other.
. . . Such a
stand-off in nuclear striking power will continue for
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

generations. It will involve th-e possibility, which we
have got to learn to live with, of some madman pressing
the button, and he will wipe out the Northern Hemisphere. I estimate the date on which the predicted stalemate will occur as (deleted by censor).
... Because of the calculating nature of the Russian
people in high places, I believe that Khrushchev would be
prudent, as far as starting a war would be concerned.
. . . Russia will attain sufficient striking power to
13

destroy the United States, and there is no amount of
money, I think, that we can spend that will prevent
that.
... When this occurs, I believe there will be more and
more likelihood of small wars, of limited wars, and a
greater and greater likelihood of psychological penetration.
... I predict that Russia will follow up the launching
of two earth satellites with a lot of new advances, a lot
of new things that we have not heard of. We are going
to be surprised over and over again. . ..
II. By: Dr. W. H. Pickering
Head, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, Calif.
(as reported in "Machine's Mistake May Doom World"
in "The New York Herald Tribune," January 22, 1958)
Shortly after the end of World War II a popular quip
heard around the Pentagon was "the era of push-button
warfare has arrived - we have the push button." Today,
however, we are in fact on the verge of an era of military technology which is fantastically beyond the concepts of a decade ago. We can now equate one push button to one city located anywhere on this planet. For if
that push button launches an Inter-Continental Ballistic
Missile, it is all that is needed to destroy the city target.
The ICBM with a hydrogen warhead takes less than
half an hour to reach its target. This means, that within
a few years every city on the globe will be living with a
threat of sudden death - its life dependent on one man's
action. And that man is not the ruler of an enemy country, but the soldier on guard in an isolated ICBM launching site.
The least we can hope is that he is not one of those
young hotheads who frequently exchange rifle shots
across a frontier. But no matter who he is, his decision
is the death sentence of the target city.
With this situation rapidly becoming an accepted fact,
military strategists have concluded that the only answer
is the threat of immediate and total retaliation. Conceptually, the enemy's missiles are detected on route and
the retaliatory missiles are launched even before the
enemy missiles have reached their targets.
Thus, even if the launching sites do not survive the
targets, destruction of the enemy is achieved. Even after
the anti-missile-missile has been perfected, this basic
strategy would be maintained.
Now, to attain the capability of instant retaliation, the
military planner finds himself calling for long-range
radar devices, elaborate computers to determine if the
radar signal is due to an enemy missile, a friendly airplane, or a meteor from outer space, and a complex communication network for alerting the targets and for
commanding the retaliatory missiles to be launched.
This is the prospect we face: the decision to destroy

an enemy nation - and by inference our own - will be
made by a radar set, a telephone circuit, an electronic
computer. It will be arrived at without the aid of human
intelligence. If a human observer cries: "Stop, let me
check the calculations," he is already too late, his launching site is destroyed, and the war is lost.
It is a frightening prospect. Far more than being slaves
to our machines, our very life depends on the accuracy
and reliability of a computing machine in a far distant
country. The failure of a handful of vacuum tubes and
transistors would determine the fate of our civilization.
We have been prone to take comfort in the thought
that no nation, no matter what its government, would
embark on a war of mutual destruction. Perhaps this is
true, but in a few years it will not be the government
which makes the choice. The government will be committed to relying on the reliability of some electronic
equipment and the skill of a few technicians.
Under these circumstances, if a period of international
tension lasts for any length of time, failure of the equipment is almost inevitable and mutual destruction cannot
be avoided.
This evolution from the push button era to the automatic push button era is inevitable. And when that day
comes all of the "human" considerations which might
stay the hand of a warmonger will mean nothing.
Is there an answer? With the present political climate
it is difficult to imagine what it could be. But if the answer is not found in a very few years, there will be no
need for the answer, because all that is left of humanity
will be starting again the long climb from the stone age.
III. From the Editor
The Romans who lived for many years comfortable,
normal lives in Pompeii at the foot of the volcano Vesuvius (then called Monte Somma and thought to be extinct) were surprised when it finally erupted in A.D. 79,
destroyed their city, and themselves. See the younger
Pliny's absorbing eye-witness account.
Nature has an answer for those who cannot adjust to
possibilities and warnings of new conditions. She gave
her answer to Pompeii.
Do we have to "learn to live with the possibility of
some madman pressing a button, and he will wipe out
the Northern Hemisphere?" or is the estimate of the
situation by the Chief of Naval Operations wrong? or
do we take urgent steps by negotiation and agreement to
make sure that thh application of computers can never
happen?
Do we have to pay no attention, as if we were drugged
or hypnotized, to the thesis "the failure of equipment is
almost inevitable, and mutual destruction cannot be
avoided"? or is the estimate of the situation by the Head
of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory wrong? or do we start
doing something about it?

THE COMPUTER DIRECTORY AND BUYERS' GUIDE, 1958, the June 1958 issue of COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, doses for entries April 25, 1958.
Please send us your entries for your organization, products, and services 14

see pages 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, in this issue.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for March, 1958

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15>

AUTOMATION COMES
TO THE BIBLE
Clair M. Cook
(Reprinted with permission from "The Christian Century,"
vol. 54, no. 30, July 24, 1957, published by Christian Century
Foundation, Chicago, Ill.)

ACK IN 1953, Harvard scientists took a startled secmanuscripts of the New Testament scattered in libraries
ond look at the tall, black-haired young man of
all over this planet. "I was appalled," he says, "to find
,;. thirty-three-ttWhoiwas :at;>work~in ..the ,·inner-sanctums -of their ~--,,,,,,people -with -:1:W:O ·:or."tthree)::doct{)r!s~~:degrees :sit~ing _:around
Computation Laboratory: ..he--was wearing a clerical collar.
catalogUing things on their fingers, so to speak. 1 was sure
A clergyman might be at home with St. Luke, but what
there must be some way to use mechanical means for the
was he doing with their Mark IV electronic brain?
same purpose."
Strange as it may seem, Rev. John William Ellison was
To get an idea of the importance to manuscript scholars
getting ready to introduce the two to each other. Eventof Mr. Ellison's copyrighted Method of Using Digital
ually the 20th century Mark IV was to read the 1st century
Computet's, let us look for a moment at the almost inLuke in the original Greek. In fact, the big computer was
superable "textual problem" of New Testament study.
to read 311 manuscript copies of Luke in order to inform
Few people realize that the words of Luke or Paul which
the Harvard divinity school's doctoral candidate of every
they read cannot be guaranteed to be in every respect the
minute variation of one from another. It was to point
exact words these men wrote. They know, of course, that
out 2,000 differences in just two chapters,400 in a span of
their English Bible is a translation. They may know that
fifteen verses. With its lightning speed it would produce
the King James Version was the production of a commitresults that would have taken lifetimes by the traditional
tee of scholars "authorized" by the Church of England,
methods of New Testament scholars.
..pllblishedllL.1611-dnring .the....r.eign of James I. They may
know that the Revised Standard Version is likewise an
Thirty Years to Two
"authorized" translation, voted by the International Council of Religious Education in 1937 and published in 1952.
Mr. Ellison did not stop with Luke, however, nor with
This work, just read by Univac, employed a committee of
Mark IV. Using Remington Rand's Univac, he went on
to supervise translation of the entire Revised Standard
32 scholars for 15 years, with every change of wording
requiring two-thirds approval.
Version of the Bible into the machine's own private language. Not only did he teach Univac to read the Bible
But probably few people know that back of the probfrom the four reels of tape comprising this magnetic-dot
lem of translating the New Testament is the more compliversion, but with its help he has now produced a complete
cated problem of knowing what to translate. Perhaps no
1,600-page double-column concordance of the 1952 revitwo of the 4,600 known manuscripts are identical in every
sion, sorting alphabetically and in Genesis-to-Revelation
word; certainly there are considerable, and important, diforder the 800,000 words of the Bible's 66 books, with
ferences among many of them, and it is a tremendously
contexts.
complicated task to "recover" exactly the original Greek of
It took James Strong thirty years to make the concordthe authors. For even the oldest manuscripts are not in the
ance for the King James Version which he published in
handwriting of Paul or Luke, but come from the hand of
1894. Mr. Ellison did it for the R.S.V. in a little more
unknown copyists a century or two later. By that time
than two years, using only his regular time off from his
they may have been copies of copies of copies, with variaduties as rector of the thousand-member Church of the
tions of two major kinds from the originals, accidental and
Epiphany in Winchester, Massachusetts, to direct work at
deliberate. Both kinds of variations were due in part to
Remington Rand's New York computing center. Thomas
the fact that at first these books were not "scripture"Nelson & Sons, who published his concordance early this
as yet, only the Old Testament was holy writ-and scribes
year, say that the young Episcopal clergyman is "the
were not as careful as they were to be later. Also, lanonly man in the world" with expertness in both texts
guage usages changed and meanings needed to be clarified.
and technology.
Most serious of all, theological differences sometimes dictated changes to justify an interpretation.
The story back of these modern scriptural miracles, so
to speak, is one of persistent pursuit of an idea. It began
Thus the aim of the continuing search through mounwhile Mr. Ellison, having completed his undergraduate
tains of manuscripts has been to compile the best possible
work at Harvard, was a student at Episcopal Theological
"neutral" text. That is largely accomplished now. But there
School in 1945. Already familiar with the Kaine Greek
are still many lesser manuscripts that it has been imposof the New Testament, he began to tutor in New Testasible to analyze in close detail- for one reason, because
ment textual studies with W. H. P. Hatch, the eminent
they are scattered about in such libraries as the Vatican, the
manuscript authority. It was then that he discovered with
Bibliotheque Nationale and the British Museum; for anamazement a world of plodding, laborious research, a
other, because their sheer bulk is so formidable. Only now
world of scholarship where for many years devoted men
.are. microfilm copies being slowly collected for a central
have been sifting and searching among the thousands of
depository at the University of Chicago. The combination

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of microfilm and digital computers can speed the work
of detailed analysis by generations.
Hewing a Road

It was a long and unmapped road that Ellison began to
hew through this wilderness when he set out in 1945 to
cut down on New Testament finger counting. For two
years he worked and experimented with punched cards.
In the end he was forced to conclude that the big brain's
little brother, the punch-card machine, could not handle
the job. With his theological degree added to his Harvard
sheepskin, he returned to his native Idaho to begin the
professional life of an ordained clergyman.
Many a man might have dropped it there. But John Elli·
son knew he was on the right track. Teachers too encouraged
him to keep trying. So in 1950 he went back to Cambridge
to knock on the door of the keepers of Mark IV. Unlike
others who had come to them from the social sciences, un·
certainly asking "Can you help me? ," here was a man who
stated his need with the assurance of knowledge. "I have
a problem," he said in effect, "that only your computer can
handle. Will you teach me to use it?" Here was a reverse switch, not dumping a problem in the laps of the
technicians but asking for the technique to solve the
problem.
Need for R.S.V. Concordance
The logic of it, however, soon became clear to the computer scientists. The complexities of Ellison's problem
would have been harder for them to master than would
be his learning their techniques for securing answers. If
the ordinary social scientist was baffied by the world of
electronic computers, the lab men were baffied by the
equally complex and technical world of Koine Greek, of
Vaticanus, Sinaiticus and Alexandrinus manuscripts, of the
Chester Beattie papyrus finds of the 1930s, and of the
search for lost New Testament origins. They were the
ones who needed to consult experts now. They turned to
Henry J. Cadbury of the Harvard divinity school, a member of the R.S.V. translation committee. "Is this really
a significant study in your field?" they asked him. Dr.
Cadbury confirmed that it was.
But even with approval for use of the computer, the
young rector faced another hurdle: finances. Surmounting
that took two more years. Then came a year of preparatory
work in Arizona. At last, in 1953, Ellison returned to the
computer laboratory, and spent the next seven months
mastering the techniques of "programming" and making
the big brain work for him. Then he was ready to introduce it to St. Luke.
In the meantime, the complete Bible had made its appearance in the authorized modern-speech version. Never
has there been such a phenomenal publishing venture as
that which launched the Revised Standard Version in
September 1952, with more than 3,000 public celebrations
of the event. Put in a single pile, the 1,100,000 copies of
the first printing would have soared 24 miles into the
stratosphere. Today the total is steadily climbing toward
the five million mark. Around 7,000 pulpit Bibles in this
translation have been sold, and some 30 denominations
are using it in their official church school publications. The
need for a matching concordance has grown accordingly.
18

To many Bible owners the concordance is that little
index of "helps" at the back of a copy where one can
look up "adultery" and locate the Ten Commandments,
or look up "prodigal" and find the parable. To a complete
concordance such as Mr. Ellison and Univac have now
finished, this is about what a vest-pocket dictionary is to
Webster's unabridged. Here a single word such as "life"
will have more than 400 listings, each with a phrase for
identification - in the King James beginning with Genesis 2: 7, "breathed into his nostrils the breath of life," and
running through Revelation 22: 19, "take away his part out
of the book of life."
Univac Does the Job
To determine how well Univac could do the job, and
particularly whether it could produce adequate reference
contexts, a trial run of about 6,000 words - Matthew 13
and Romans 7 - pitted the machine against traditional file·
card methods. Univac rose to the occasion handsomely,
proving it could do in hours the work of weeks by the
old methods, and do it just as well.
To translate the Bible for Univac to read, operators of
the Unityper copied every letter, numeral, word and
comma, from "In the beginning" to the "Amen" at the
end of Revelation. That took from February to November
of 1955. But even the best typist, like the scribes of old,
can make unwitting errors. So the complete Bible was
also translated for Univac's little punch-card brother, then
run through a card-to-tape converter. The four reels of
tape from each typing were compared by the machine, as
with the Luke manuscripts, showing up every discrepancy
better than any human proofreader could possibly do.
Corrections gave a final copy identical to the last comma
with the printed word.
In sorting, choosing and compiling, Univac was told to
pay no attention to 132 such words as "and," "is," "of"
and "it." The machine really had just two words of its
own - "yes" and "no." But it makes its decisions with the
speed of light. It took a fast look at each word on the
tape, decided whether to keep it or pass it up, and before
you could blink an eye went through eight to ten successive "yes" or "no" decisions. Dredging up from its fabulous "memory" every successive occurrence of the same
word, it picked up the adjacent words between punctuation marks for the needed context, alphabetized the key
words, gave the location, and spat out the results on its
automatic printer, which is capable of producing 600 lines
per minute.
For Strong, Young, Crud ens and other concordance makers of the past it was a long and weary way from Aaron
to Zichri.' But where they had to walk, Univac zoomed
with jet-age speed. Its completed copy was all in order
for the typesetters. Indexing the words of any book can
be done under Mr. Ellison's copyrighted system, but Uni·
vac still isn't bright enough to organize a topical index.
Human brain power won't be outmoded for a while yet.
"The plans of the mind belong to man," says the 'writer
of Proverbs, "but the answer of the tongue is from the
Lord." Univac has read the "answer of the tongue" written
by the many-voiced writers of script~re. But the "plans
of the mind" still belong to man -,in this case, a quiet
young man with a clerical collar, the Rev. John William
Ellison.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for March, 1958

TRANSISTOR·MAGNETIC CORE SHIFT REGISTERS

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components for computer and control applications. Hundreds
of operating systems prove their reliability. Many years of
design and application engineering are your assurance
that Mack can fill all your needs - componentsaccessories - systems engineering.
Mack's complete line of accessories including drivers, input
amplifiers and mounting hardware, when used with the
above components, permits the building of complete
low cost systems.
Write today for complete specifications.
See us at Booth #1815-17

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Modular units reduce systems cost

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COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

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DIVISION

INC.

STREET.

PLAINFIELD.

NEW

JERSEY

Make Your Own Tiny Genius Computers . ..
Have Fun While You Learn With

BRAINIAC
Small Electric Brain Construction Kit K 15
-

includes all 33 Geniacs (1955), all 13 Tyniacs (1956), and 60 all new Brainiacs (1957)

FUN -

SCIENTIFIC -

INSTRUCTIVE -

SAFE -

INEXPENSIVE

The complete kit you need to build over 100 baby genius electric brains

WHAT COMES WITH YOUR BRAINIAC KIT? Manulll on what, why and how of small electric brains, incorpo_
rating over 6 years of our research and study. All 33 experiments from, our forl!ler Geniackit, wi~h ex~ct ,wiring-tem- ,
, -' -/)~'~"plates ,·for>·each "one;' ,,'AlI--:13-::1!xperiments drom.:':the ::former,~Tyniac, kit, -also 'with 'exact- wiring ·templates.~'
"entirely new
experiments (Brainiacs) with their solutions. An introduction to Boolean Algebra for designing circuits. Over 450 parts,
as follows: 6 Multiple Switch Discs; Mounting Panel; 10 Flashlight Bulbs; 2 Multiple Socket Parts, each holding 5 bulbs;
70 Wipers, for making good electrical contact (novel design, patent applied for); 25 Jumpers, for transfer contacts; 50
feet of Insulated Wire; Flashlight Battery; Battery Clamp and Main On-Off Switch; nuts, bolts, sponge rubber washers, hard
washers, screwdriver, spintite blade, etc.

This kit is an up-to-the-minute introduction to the design of arithmetical, logical, reasoning, computing, puzzle-solving~
.and game-playing circuits - for boys, students, schools, colleges, designers. It is simple enough for intelligent boys to assemble, and yet it is instructive even to engineers, because it shows how many kinds of computing and reasoning circuits
can be made from simple components. This kit is the outcome of 7 years of design and development work with Geniacs
and small robots by Berkeley Enterprises, Inc. With this kit and manual you can easily make over 100 small electric brain
machines that display intelligent behavior and teach understanding first-hand. Each one runs on one flashlight battery; all
.connections with nuts and bolts; no soldering required. (Returnable for full refund if not satisfactory.) .. Price $17.95
WHAT CAN YOU MAKE WITH A BRAINIAC KIT?
'---'1:.0GIC "MACHINES
Syllogism Prover
James McCarty's Logic Machine
AND, OR, NOT, OR ELSE, IF ... THEN, IF AND ONLY
IF, NEITHER . . . NOR Machines
A Simple Kalin-Burkhart Logical Truth Calculator
The Magazine Editor's Argument
The Rule About Semicolons and Commas
The Farnsworth Car Pool

GAME-PLAYING MACHINES
Tit-Tat-Toe
I Nim
Black Match
I Sundorra 21
Frank McChesney's Wheeled Bandit
COMPUTERS - to add, subtract, multiply, divide,
using
decimal or binary numbers.
- to convert from decimal to other scales of notation and
vice versa, etc.
Operating with Infinity
Adding Indefinite Quantities
Factoring Any Number from 45 to 60
Prime Number Indicator for Numbers 1 to 100
Thirty Days Hath September
Three Day Weekend for Christmas
Calendar Good for Forty Years 1950 to 1989
Moner Changing Machine
Four by Four Magic Square
Character of Roots of a Quadratic
Ten Basic Formulas of Integration
PUZZLE-SOLVING MACHINES
The Missionaries and the Cannibals
The Daisy Petal Machine
Calvin's Eenie Meenie Minie Moe Machine
The Cider Pouring Problem
The Mysterious Multiples of 76923, of 369, etc.
Bruce Campbell's Will
The Fox, Hen, Corn, and Hired Man
The Uraniu:m Shipment and the Space Pirates
General Alarm at the Fortress of Dreadeerie
The Two Suspicious Husbands at Great North Bay
The Submarine Rescue Chamber Squalux
The Three Monkeys Who Spurned Evil
20

Signals on the Mango Blossom Special
The Automatic Elevator in Hoboken
Timothy's Mink Traps
Josephine's Man Trap
Douglas Macdonald's Will
'Word Puzzle with TRICK
QUIZ MACHINES
Intelligence Test
Geography Quiz
Guessing Helen's Age
History Quiz
Mr. Hardstone's Grammar Test
Solving Right Triangles

SIGNALING MACHINES
The Jiminy Soap Advertising Sign
The Sign that Spells Alice
Tom, Dick, and Harry's Private Signaling Channels
Jim's and Ed's Intercom
CRYPTOGRAPHIC MACHINES
Secret Coder
I Secret Decoder
Lock with 65,000 Combinations
Lock with 15,000,000 Combinations
The General Combination Lock
Leonard's Two-Way Coding Machine
. . . AND MANY MORE
-

- - •• - -

MAIL THIS REQUEST

or a copy of it

Berkeley Enterprises, Inc.
815 Washington Street, R123, Newtonville 60, Mass.
Please send me BRAINIAC KIT K 15, including manual,
instructions, over 400 parts, templates, circuit diagrams, etc.
I enclose $17.95 for the kit plus ............. .for handling and
shipping (30c. east of Mississippi; 80c, west of Mississippi;
$1.80, outside U.S.). I understand the kit is returnable in
seven days for full refund if not satisfactory (if in good
condition) .
My name and address are:
Name... ,.,', .. ,.......... ,., ..... , .. ,."', .... ,', ... " ... ,..... ,., .. " ....... ,..... ,......... .
Address,."', .. " ........ ,............... ,.,, ..... ,., ...................... ,................... .

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for March, 1958

BOOKS
and
OTHER
PUBLICATIONS

"We learned to use the

(List published in COMPUTERS and
AUTOMATION, Vol. 7, No.3, March,
1958.)

computer in just

E PUBLISH HERE citations
./" : . --and,-biief ".reviews .. of .:.books,
articles, papers, and other publications which have a significant relation to computers, data processing,
and automation, and which have
come to our attention. We shall be
glad to report other information in
future lists if a review copy is sent
to us. The plan of each entry is:
author or editor / title / publisher
or issuer / date, publication process,
number of pages, price or its equivalent / comments. If you write to a
publisher or issuer, we would appreciate your mentioning Computers and
Automation.

·four hours:'

Canning, Richard G. / Installing Electronic Data Processing Systems / John
Wiley and Sons, Inc., 440 Fourth Ave.,
New York 16, N.Y. / 1957, printed,
193 pp., $6.00.
Mr. Canning has written an earlier
book ("Electronic Data Processing for
Business and Industry," Wiley) dealing
with the use of electronic data.processing
equipment in business and industry; in
this current volume he tells of problems,
costs, and cost controls in the installation
of that equipment, he describes conversion methods, and he discusses the early
phases of actual equipment operation. The
author writes for the layman. His work
therefore requires no advanced mathematical or technical background of his
reader, but since he does consider electronic data-processing equipment to be
a "management tool," his presentation is
everywhere directed to management.

No,

Walker, Charles R, and 14 others / Man
and Automation / The Technology
Project, Yale University, New Haven,
Conn. / 1956, printed, 117 pp., $2.00.
The proceedings of a conference sponsored by the Society' for Applied Anthropology at Yale University in December,
1955. The 14 papers presented discuss
automation in offices and factories, .lnd
points out fields needing future research,
especially in government, universities,
unions, and management. The chief theme
touched by all papers presented at the
conference was the way in which men's
basic needs or attributes are affected by
automatic machines.
[Please turn to page 29)
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

Anyone who can learn to operate a desk calculator
can now use an electronic computer. New techniques
developed for the Bendix G-lS Digital Computer
make it so easy to use that the fundamentals can be
mastered in thirty minutes ... a working knowledge of
programming in four hours or less. The G-lS can
be used by the men who know their own problems
best, right in their offices and laboratories, and often
at l/lOth the cost of "computing center" installations.
G-15 ADVANTAGES Memory and speed of computers
costing four times as much • Paper tape output and
250 char/sec paper tape input at no added cost • 1,200,000
words of magnetic tape memory available • Punched
card input-output available • Extensive library of programs
furnished • Strong users' sharing organization • Proven
reliability • Nationwide sales and service • Lease or purchase.

....N<~'"<..,

"',~~
..., ................;.....;. ...w ............"'.....

-.;,.

<.v....~ ........

DIVISION OF BENDIX AVIATION CORPORATION

Built and backed by Bendix, the G-15 is serving scores
of progressive businesses, large and small, throughout
the world. For the details, write to Bendix Computer,
Department D-2, Los Angeles 45, California.
21

INDUSTRY NEWS NOTES
COMPUTER INDUSTRY NOTIFIED OF
INFRINGEMENT OF MAGNETIC CORE PATENT
Paul Steen
Potter Instrument Co.
Plainview N. Y.

Notice to cease infringement of his rights under patent
number 2,624,786 has been sent to leading manufacturers of digital computers and data processing systems
by Mr. John T. Potter, President, Potter Instrument
Company, Inc.
The patent held by Potter since 1953, will affect the
manufacturer of approximately 100 million dollars worth
of apparatus produced by major manufacturers; it is estimated that this figure will increase to about 200 million dollars in 1958. The originality of the patent is indicated by the fact that the patent examiner allowed its
broad claims in the first action.
Virtually all high speed computing equipment presently manufactured uses an array of magnetic cores for
storage of data; consequently a method of storing information in the cores and retrieving it efficiently is required. The patent covers the method used by most
major computer manufacturers to store information in,
and obtain information from, the cores. It is therefore
apparent that a large number of computer manufacturers will be affected by the infringement notice.
Potter evolved the process described in the patent during the development of early data processing systems.
At the present time he holds more than 30 patents on
Data Processing Equipment including the well known
Random Access Memory System.
Many additional patents in the computer field are held
by engineers and others employed by Potter Instrument
Company. The Company is a producer of peripheral
computing equipment, including the first counter chronographs made for military purposes, original automation
work in the steel industry, and high-speed digital data
handling equipm"ent.
IMPETUS OF DATA PROCESSING ON
COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS

w. W.

Stifler

Aladdin Industries
Nashville, Tennessee

One of the interesting results of the rapid growth of
the data processing and automation field has been the
impetus it has given to electronic component manufacturers. We are now spending much effort developing
standard lines of components heretofore considered, by
nature, specialty items at specialty prices. I am sure you
will be interested in the enclosed copy of the Pulse Transformer Encyclopedia as an example of the way we have
made it possible for a computer designer to select transformers in the same way a mechanical engineer might
select gears out of the Boston Gear Works catalog.
Incidentally, another interesting development I look
for is this: Manufacturers of data processing and auto22

mation equipment, who 5 years ago felt that they had to
set up facilities to manufacture components, will turn
more and more to manufacturers who are solely component makers. The equipment manufacturer's principal
problem is the design, engineering, and marketing of
equipment. He will find his vestigial component operations too expensive to continue. He will turn to component makers as the data processing field becomes more
competitive, in order to reduce costs and conserve the
time of his engineers.
LIBRARY FOR A COMPUTER

When a customer buys a $200,000 Datatron electronic
"brain," he gets an unusual curriculum of courses which
teach the computer its weighty ABC's ... matrix inversion, linear regression, square root, differential equations, and a host of other mathematical intricacies.
Secretary Patty Brown adds another course to the heap
of learning which accompanies each Datatron computer
shipped from the ElectroData Division of Burroughs
Corporation, Pasadena, California. Inside each box are
coded paper tapes with thousands of instructions . . .
which Datatron learns, remembers, and electronically
calls on for problem-solving. This library will join the
Datatron installed at Celanese Corporation of America,
Corpus Christi, Texas.
IBM 1957 GROSS INCOME OVER
ONE BILLION" DOLLARS
International Business Machines Corp. has announced,
that, according to preliminary results for the year 1957,
for the first time in the company's history, the gross
annual volume of business has exceeded one billion dollars. Gross income for the year 1957 from sales, service,
and rentals in the United States amounted to $1:~000,431,597, compared with $734,339,780 in the year 1956.
Net income for the year ended December 31, 1957,
after U. S. federal income taxes amounted to $89,291,COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for March, 1958

589. This is equivalent to $7.73 a share on the 11,552,460 shares outstanding after the 100 percent stock split
effected May 7, 1957, and the 1,050,223 shares of additional stock sold through the rights offering which ended
June 10, 1957. The net income after taxes for the year
ended December 31, 1956, was $68,784,510, equal to
$6.55 a share on 10,502,237 shares, the number of shares
outstanding December 31, 1956, adjusted for the splitup of May 7, 1957.
During 1956 the corporation changed its method of
computing depreciation for rental machines produced
since January 1, 1956, from the straight line to the sum
of-the-years-digits method. This change resulted in a
reduction of net income after taxes amounting to $11,438,518 for the year 1957 and $4,264,688 for the year
1956.
For the year ended December 31, 1957, the net income after taxes includes $3,927,000 derived from the
outright sale to customers of punched card accounting
and data processing machines previously under lease to
them.

Be Sure to Send us Your Entries for
THE COMPUTER
DIRECTORY AND BUYERS' GUIDE, 1958
See pages 24, ?6, 28, 30, 32 in this issue.

Send Your

~ompntiDg

HUGHES AIRCRAFT TO GRANT 150
FELLOWSHIPS IN SCIENCE WORK
H~hes Aircraft Company, Culver City, Calif., will
grant master of science fellowships to 150 college graduates to help them pursue advanced studies in science and
engineering. The fellowships will be awarded to applicants with outstanding scholastic records from universities throughout the nation. Inaugurated in 1952 to help
alleviate the shortage of top scientific talent, the Hughes
program so far has enabled 265 students to obtain master's degrees while an additional 217 are currently enrolled in the plan.
Successful candidates receive full tuition, books, and
university fees plus salaries for part-time work as members of the Hughes research and development staff.
While studying a half-time regular university curriculum,
they also are assigned to advanced research in military
and industrial electronics. Fellows selected will work
towards masters degrees in electrical or mechanical engineering or physics at University of Southern California, University of California at Los Angeles, California Institute of Technology, or University of Arizona.
Acceptance of Hughes fellowships involves no obligation for future employmed. Fields of study in science
and engineering are left entirely to the choice of the individual fellows.
Applications sent to the company by April will be considered for awards for 1958.

Work to

Steadily growing volume of work has enabled us
announce two substantial reductions in our IBM
704 hourly rates in the past six months. Last December, our standard 704 hourly rate was reduced
from $475 to $390. Moreover, an hourly rate of
$350 is now offered for a minimum usage of ten
hours in one month, or twenty hours in three months.
to

We offer also open-end contracts, under which you
get the lowest hourly rate earned by your actual
monthly usage. No charge is made for use of 704
peripheral equipment not in excess of 704 actual
usage. Nor is any charge made for related casual use
of conventional equipment.

~EIR

and Save Money

704 Data Processing System provided by an organization devoted exclusively to research. Our computer
Services Division includes an expert staff of programmers working under the direction of William
Orchard-Hays, and qualified to handle programming
for any machine. The work of this Division is complemented by our Mathematical and Statistical Services Division, headed by Dr. Jack Moshman.
It is our policy, so far as possible, to meet the
actual needs of our clients in every respect. We should
appreciate an opportunity to discuss with you your
computing and data processing requirements. Fill
in and return the corner coupon below and you will
hear from us promptly.

CEIR clients have available to them a well-rounded

----------------·-----------·-1
CEIR -

1200 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington 2, Va.

Please contact us about possible computing work.

o
o

Please contact us about possible programming work.
Please send information about your Computer Services
Division.

I
I

CORPORATION FOR ECONOMIC and
INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH
1200 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington 2, Virginia

Name................................... '" ................. ..... Title ..................... .
Organization ................................................................................ .
Address ........................................................................................ .
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

Dr. Herbert W. Robinson
Malcolm B. Catlin, Vice Pres.
President
Dr. Jack Moshman, Director
William Orchard-Hays, Director Mathematical and Statistical
Services Division
Computer Services Division

23·

THE COMPUTER DIRECTORY
AND

BUYERS' GUIDE, 1958
-the June 1958 issue of COMPUTERS and AUTOIMATlON
published at 815 Washington St., Newtonville 60, Mass.There is no charge for brief listing of your organization, key personnel, and products

The ONE Directory in the
'COMPUTER AND DATA PROCESSING FIELD
- a useful fact book referred to and used by
over 15,000 Computer-Minded Readers
- all through the year
'Two Master Lists
For the fourth year, the directory will, as
~before, contain two master lists:
Part 1, "Roster of Organizations in the Field
of Computing and Data Processing." This
is alphabetical by name of the organization.
Part 2, "Buyers' Guide to the Field of Computing and Data Processing: Roster of
Products and Services for Sale or Rent."
This is classified under product headings
(see the list of headings); under each
heading, entries are alphabetical by name
of company.
-Last year's directory contained ovr 790 organization entries and over 1370 product and service entries; this year's directory will be larger
.:Still.
Each list contains ordinary entries and EX-~ ANDED BOLD FACE ENTRIES.
What is an Ordinary Entry?
Ordinary entries are free; they are brief, and
·eondensed; they are set in ordinary type. They
consist of one entry for the organization in the
"Roster of Organizations," and an additional
-brief listing under each heading in the "Roster
of Products and Services." Each of these ad·ditional listings consists of the organization's
-name only.
What is an EXPANDED BOLD FACE ENTRY?
These entries contain some 20 to 50 words
·of description or more, edited if necessary.
These entries are set in Bold Face Type. They
consist of a bold face entry for your organiza-tion in the "Roster of Organizations," with more
Jnformation than for ordinary entries, and addi-tional entries in the "Roster of Products and
.services" for each of your products or services
.as you may order. These additional entries a ppear under the appropriate headings in the
"Roster of Products and Services."
The charge for each expanded bold face
.entry, irrespective of the' number of words, is
$10, payable at the time when you order the
entry - BUT the $10 paid can be a credit
against the cost of your advertising in the Directory, according to the following rule:
24

If your organization takes a full page of advertising in "The Computer Directory and
Buyers' Guide," your advertising cost will
be decreased by $10 for each of your bold
face entries up to eight entries. Similarly,
for a 2/3 page or a 112 page of advertising, you
will receive a credit of $10 for each bold face
entry up to four entries. For a 1/3 page or 1~
page of advertising, you will receive a credit
of $10 for each bold face entry up to two
entries.
Please note also:
1. If you take advertising space in the Computer Directory, 1958, you are automatically
entitled to a FREE Expanded Bold Face
Entry for your organization in the "Roster
of Organizations."
2. If you wish to list your Subsidiaries, Affiliates, Branches and/or Distributors in the
"Roster of Organizations," right after your
own main entry, and in Bold Face type also,
showing for each:
State ........................................................... .
City ............................................................. .
Local Address ........................................... .
Phone No .................................................... .
Name and Title of One Contact ............... .
you may do so, at a charge of $5 per additional entry. The information can be given
to us on any piece of paper.
What are Examples of Entries in the
"Roster of Organizations"?
Here is an example of an ordinary entry as it
might appear in the 1958 directory:
ABC Company, 307 Railroad Ave., Palo Loto, N.J. I
EXchange 5-0000 / J. J. Jones, Pres. I S. S. Smith,
Sales Dir. / *C58 (meaning "checked in 1958")
Magnetic cores. Ms(150) Se(1956) DIe RMSa

The last. four abbreviations mean "medium
size, 150 employees; established a short while
ago, 1956; int~rest in computing field, digital,
incidental; research, manufacturing, and selling
activity .
Here is an example of an EXPANDED BOLD
FACE ENTRY as it actually appeared in the
1957 Directory:
FERRANTI ELECTRIC, INC., 30 Rockefeller Plaza,
New York 20, N.Y. I CIrcle 7-0911 / agent for Ferranti Electric Ltd., Moston, England, and Mount
Dennis, Toronto, Canada / *C 57
General purpose electronic digital computers
(Pegasus, Mercury). Special purpose data pro[Please turn to page 26]

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for March, 1958

~ - -

APPLIED MATHEMATICIANS
and

NUMERICAL ANALYSTS
rapidly expanding research program has
challenging positions open for experienced and
well-qualified personnel for work on analytical
programs in aerodynamics, dynamics and vibration, aero elasticity, and related fields. Also involved is the development of digital computer
techniques related to the programs described
above, employing a small high-speed computer.

OUR

If you are experienced in any of these areas and
seek the opportunity of working on a diversity of
industrial and military problems in both fundamental and applied fields, write to:

S. H. SIMPSON, JR.
Assistallit Vice President, Dept. 2-5

- - - -JUST PUBLISHEm - -

---1

; LOGICAL DESIGN of
I
DIG I TAL COM PUT E R S
I

By MONTGOMERY PHISTER,

JR.

~ .T::m.:s.::n~o-~o~l~g: ~od~c~ ~n~

II
'1

_____

DESCRIBES and interprets various techniques, using synchronous
circuit components almost entirely, and demonstrates their practical
application in the design of digital systems by the logical-equation
method. The many simple, yet pertinent examples of how to use
these techniques enables you to apply them readily to other computing configurations.

You will find these detailed discussions especially valuable:
• The Veitch Diagram method of simplification of
Boolean equations.
• The "difference-equation" approach to memory elements.
• The Huffman-Moore model of digital systems.
• The complete solutions to flip-flop input equations.
• The systematic method for complete
computer design.
1958
408 pages
Illus.
$10.50
Order your ON-APPROVAL copy TODAYl

JOHN WILEY & SONS, Inc.
CA-38
440 Fourth Ave., New York 16, N.Y.
Please send me a copy of LOGICAL DESIGN of DIGITAL
COMPUTERS to read and examine ON APPROVAL. In 10
days I will return the book and owe nothing, or I will remit
$10.50, plus postage.

'1
I

SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Name .................................................•

8500 Culebra Road

Zone.... State ............... .
I
I;
SAVE iPOSTAGE! Check here if you ENCLOSE payment,
l
in which case we pay the postage. Same return privilege, of
__
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
J.
r
course.

San Antonio 6, Texas

Address. " ... , ..... , .... " ........................ " .. ,
City .... , ..............

more and more people are thinking of Aladdin as the
standard of the electronic industry in pulse transformers
ALADDIN:
• supplies an Encyclopedia of pulse circuits, specifications,
terminology and available styles;
• makes micro-miniature (transistor size) units;
• offers a comprehensive product line
• sells standard, commercial units, at mass-production prices.

A Division of Aladdin Industries, Inc.
722 Murfreesboro Road, Nashville 2, Tenn.; Tarrytown, N. Y.; Pasadena, Calif.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

25-

[Continued from page 24)
cessing systems. High speed tape readers. Magnetic drums. Digital storage delay lines. Ls (12,000 including associated companies) Le(1896)
DAle RMSa
FERRANTI LIMITED, Computer Centre, 21 Portland
Place, London WI, England I Langham 9211
Computer and information-handling centre. Ls
(600) Se(1953) DAc RPCa
FERRANTI ELECTRIC LTD., Mount Dennis, Toronto,
On t., Canada
Digital computers; magnetic drums. DIe RMSa

In the 1958 directory, the names of two executives and their titles will also appear, if the
company desires it.
What are Examples of Entries in the
"Roster of Products and Services"
or "Buyers' Guide"?

Here are two examples of EXPANDED BOLD
FACE ENTRIES from the 1957 Computer Directory (and the headings under which they
appeared) :
54. RELAYS (COMPUTER TYPES)
AUTOMATIC ELECTRIC COMPANY, Northlake, III.
I relays (telephone-type) / DESCR: small size, light
weight, twin contact springs, very resistant to vibration, humidity, and extremes of temperature / USE:
standard screw mounting; some are available with
special mounting for tin-dipped printed circuit cards,
or mounted on regular octal-type or industrial plugs.
Wired or unwired / $3 to $8; hermeticallly sealed at
approximately twice as much I 54

20. DIGITAL COMPUTERS
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP.,
590 Madison Ave., New York 22, N.Y., and elsewhere
I IBM 604 Electronic Calculating Punch / DESCR:
a 1400 tube general-purpose computer that reads
problem data from IBM punched cards at a constant
speed of 6,000 cards per hour and can go through
as many as 60 separate steps to obtain the solution to
a single problem I USE: the 604 is widely used in
science, engineering, and business / Monthly rental
is $550 and up. Selling price is $33,850 and up I 20

Here are two examples of ordinary entries
from the 1957 Computer Directory: (and the

heading under which they appeared) :
32. MAGNETIC HEADS
Brush Electronics Co. I magnetic heads / 32
Wharf Engineering Labs., England / magnetic heads'·
I 32

Who will see "The Computer Directory and
Buyers' Guide, 1958"?

"The Computer Directory and Buyers' Guide,
1958" goes as the June 1958 issue of "Computers and Automation" to all subscribers to
the magazine. The February issue had about
3900 subscribers. We have evidence that each
copy on the average has about 3 or 4 readers,
so that each issue reaches over 15,000 computer
minded people.
The print order for the June issue, the Computer Directory, will we expect be 5500 or 6000,
copies.
How can I see the entries we put into
last year's directory?
Probably COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION
for June last year is in the technical library in
your organization, or in some library nearby.
Besides this source, we have set aside 300 copies
of last year's directory to send out on request
to persons making entries for this year's directory. If you request a copy, telling us your
organization and title, we will send you one,
on a first-come-first-served basis, as long as the
300 copies last.
What do I do to get our entries into the
Directory?
Fill in the entry forms (use any paper) and
send them back to us SOON, along with doublespaced typewritten copies of the EXPANDED
BOLD FACE ENTRIES that you desire for your
products and services, and your check for these
entries. (Your organization is described in the
report on the front page of this questionnaire.)
Below is the style for a "Product or Service
Entry" (it may be copied on any piece of
paper) and pages 6 and 7 of this questionnaire
form repeat it.

ORGANIZATION ENTRY FO'RM, COMPUTER DIRECTORY 1958
(may be copied on any piece of paper)

1. Organization Name? .......................................................................................................................... .
2. Street Address? .................................................................................................................................... .
3. City, Zone, State? .................................................... 4. Telephone Number? ............................... .
5. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF YOUR PRODUCT LINES AND SERVICES: ................................... .
Under what headings should they be listed?

(Please look in the list of headings, and copy heading numbers.)

6. Types of Your Activity: ( ) Research ( ) Manufacturing ( ) Selling ( ) Consulting
Other (describe) .................................................................................................................................. .
7. Approximate Number of Your Employees? .............. 8. Year Established? .................. ..
9. Free Listings for two of your executives?

Name .................................... Title ............................ ..

10. This data supplied by ......................................Name .................................... Title ............................. .
(signature)
Name .................................... Title ............................. .
11. ( ) $10 enclosed for this if it is to be an Expanded Bold Face Entry.
Send to COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, 815 Washington St., Newtonville 60, Mass., to
arrive before April 25, 1958.
[Please turn to page 28)
26

COMPUTERS alld AUTOMATION for Marclil, 1958

Readers' and Editor' s Forum
(Continued from page 6J

WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON
Computers and Control
Waldorf-Astoria, Sert Room
A Preventive Maintenance Program for Large General
Purpose Electronic Analog Computers, R. P. Sykes.
The TRICE- A High-Speed Incremental Computer, S.
Ruhman and J. M. Mitchell.
Digital Moon Radar Antenna Programmer with Analog
Interpolator Servo, O. A. Guzmann.
A Balanced Precision Reference Regulator for Computer
Application, D. A. Noden.
A Solid-State Analog-to-Digital Conversion Device, M.
Palevsky.
J-Axis Translation of Transfer Functions, J. L. Ryerson.
THURSDAY MORNING, MARCH 27
Magnetics and Computers
Waldorf-Astoria, Starlight Roof
A High-Speed n-pole, n-position Magnetic Core Matrix
Switch, A. L. Lane and A. T urczyn.
Apertured Plate Memory: Operation and Analysis. W. J.
Haneman, J. Lehmann, and C. S. Warren.
Molecular Storage and Read-Out with Microwaves, C. H.
Becker, R. L. Pierce, and J. R. Martin.
Calculation of Flux Patterns in Ferrite Multipath Core
Structures, S. A. Abbas and D. L. Critchlow.
Logic by Ordered Flux Changes in Multipath Ferrite Cores,
N. F. Lockhart.
Flux Responsive Magnetic Heads for Low-Speed Read-Out
of Data, L. W. Ferber.
Data Reduction and Recording
New York Coliseum, Morse Hall
Instrumentation for Recording and Analysis of Audio and
Subaudio Noise, D. D. Howard.
A Xerogr2.phic Cathode-Ray Tube Recorder, H. H. Hunter,
O. A. Ullrhh, and L. E. If/alkup.
Theory of Magnetography, S. J. Begun.
Applications of Magnetography to Graphic Recording,
J. B. Gehman.
A Shaft Position Digitizer System of High Precision, L. G.
deBey and R. C. Webb.
A High-Precision Digital Shaft Position Indicator, D. H.
Raudenbush.
CENTRAL OHIO ASSOCIATION FOR
COMPUTING MACHINERY
- SECOND ANNUAL SYMPOSIUMCOLUMBUS, OHIO, MARCH 29, 1958
The Central Ohio Association for Computing Machinery will hold its Second Annual Symposium Saturday,
March 29, 1958, on the campus of the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
The subject of the Symposium is "Recent Advances in
Programming Methods." The speakers include: Dr.
H. R. J. Grosch, IBM; Dr. John Mauchly, Sperry Rand;
Dr. Everett C. Yowell, National Cash Register; Mr.
Frank Engel, Westinghouse Electric; Mr. J. H. Wegstein,
National Bureau of Standards; and Dr. John W. Carr,
III, University of Michigan.

CLARE Type F RELAY
SPECIFICATIONS
-65° C to +125° C.
Ambient Temperat~r.~ .. : :: '.50 Gs for 11 mllllsecond:;cursion of Yo.lnch,
Shock. .. .. .. .. .. .
5.75 cps at maxlmu"!cceleratlon.
Vibration ...............••. 75-2000 cps at 20 Gs
between terminals
Sea level-1ooo volts rm~ adjacent circuits;
Dielectric Strength ......•. and frame, and tbet:;~ontacts of a set. At
o volts rms be we
1~ 000 ft. 350 volts rms.
°C
oOOme~ohmsmlnlmumat12.5 • f r a wide
Insulation Resistance •..•.. ~ollS up to 10,000 Oh~~:~~~able 0
Colis .................... · range oIVoltageS or c
r 250 mllllwatts .
Nominal Operating powe ., 3.5 milliseconds nominal.
Pickup Time .............. 1.5 milliseconds nominal.
2 pdt(2 form C).
It d.c or 115 volts
Dropout Tlme ......
Contact Arrangem en ...... 3 amps resistive 2~ a~opl~catlons.
contact Rating ... ' .... , ... a.c; also for low' eve
0.050 ohm maximum.
um at 2 amps;
Contact Resistance •.....• , 500 000 operations mInIm um at 3 amps.
contact Life ... ······•··· '100',000 operations m ~I~ d with dry nitrogen
Hermetically sealed~s~r~.
Enclosure .. , .. ' ...•.•...• , at 1 atmosphere pre
gements available.
All popular mounting arr~n lug. ln (matching
Mounting ......•...•...... Printed circuit; sol~e~io~s of prlnted·clrcult
Terminals ...•.• ·•········· socket available). Var 1i10-lnch grid spacing
terminal length on
available.
11 grams.
C except as to conWeight ................... MIL.R.25018; MIL.R·5757 ,
Military Specifications ..... tact overload.

·i· ....

These could be the

MOST IMPORTANT
RELAY "SPECS"
you ever read I

Here is a relay admirably
geared to the needs of
today's advanced circuit
designers. Hermetically
sealed-no bigger than a
postage stamp-stalwart to
withstand extremes of
temperature, heavy shock
and severe vibration -yet
fast and more than
moderately sensitive.
For complete information SEND FOR BULLETIN 124. Address:
C. P. Clare & Co., 3101 Pratt Blvd., Chicago 45, Illinois.
In Canada: C. P. Clare Canada Ltd., 2700 Jane Street,
Toronto 15. Cable Address: CLARELAY.

(Please turn to page 34J

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

[Continued from page 26}

PRODUCT OR SERVICE ENTRY FORM, COMPUTER DIRECTORY 1958
(may be copied on any piece of paper -

use a separate sheet for each product or service)

1. Name and Address of Organization? ................................................................................................. ..
2. Name or Identification of Product or Service? .................................................................................... .
3. Description? ........................................................................................................................................... .

4. Uses? ...................................................................................................................................................... .
5. Price Range? .......................................................................................................................................... .
6. Under what Headings should this be Listed? (Please look in the list of headings; copy heading
number.) .................................................................................................................................................. .
7.

(

) $10 enclosed for this if it is to be an Expanded Bold Face Entry.

Send to COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, 815 Washington St., Newtonville 60, Mass. to arrive
before April 25, 1958.

THE COMPUTER DIRECTORY AND BUYERS' GUIDE, 1958
LIST OF HEADINGS
Below and on the next page are listed headings for products and services for sale or rent
in the field of computing and data processing. These headings will be included or covered
in the "Buyers' Guide to the Computer Field:
Products and Services for Sale or Rent."
Please note that some products are included
under more than one heading. Please list all
classifications in which your products belong.
If you do not find a heading you like, please
word your own heading and write it on the entry
form.
There is NO CHARGE for listing your organization's name under each heading where
it should be listed.
A: Adding Machines
- - Al
Addressing Machines
- - A2
--A3
Amplifiers ........... .
--A4
- Magnetic
Analog Computers (SEE Computers, Analog)
Automatic Assembly Equipment - - A5
Automatic Control Equipment
- - A6
B: Boards - Plotting
- - Bl
-Plug
- - B2
- Strip Type
- - B3
Bobbins, Coil Winding
- - B4
Boxes - Metal, Plastic or Waterproof
--B5
--B6
Breadboard Kits
- - Cl
C: Cable
Cable Assemblies
- - C2
Cameras ........... .
- - C3
- - C3A
- Data Recording
Capacitors (Computer Types)
- - C4

Cards (SEE Also Punch Cards)
-Punch
- Magnetic
Chassis - Metal
Circuits ........... .
- Arithmetical (for Digital
Computers)
- Computer, Packaged
-- Logical (for Digital Computers)
-- Plug-in
--Potted
--Printed
Clutches ........... .
- Magnetic
Coatings ........... .
- Conductive
- Protective
- Salt Spray Resistant
Coils (Computer Types)
Communications Systems (Computer Types)
Computers, Analog
Computers, Digital
Computers, Test Equipment
Computer Components (SEE
ALSO specific types)
Computing Services ........... .
- Digital
Connectors
Consulting Services
Controls ........... .
- Automatic
- Signaling
- Sorting and Counting

C5
C6

C7
C8
C9

CI0
CII

CI2

C13
CI4

CI5
CI6

CI7
CI8
CI9
C20

C21

C22
C23

C24
C25
C26

C27
C28
C29
C30
C31
C32
C33
C34

[Please turn to page 30}

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for March, 1958

Books and Other Publications
[Continued from page 21]
Kunz, Kaiser S. / Numerical Analysis /
McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 330 West
42nd St., New York 36, N.Y. / 1957,
printed, 381 pp., $8.00.
Mr. Kunz, a research physicist, pro·
poses here to "develop a fundamental understanding of the use of finite difference
methods in obtaining numerical solutions
to problems" in applied mathematics. He
stresses especially computation procedures
which can be programmed for electronic
digital computers. The numerical solutions of ordinary and partial differential
and integral equations are described,
finite-difference tables and notations are
treated. The author developed the book
from a series of lectures for a graduate
student course given at Harvard, intended
to train men for the design and use of
electronic computers. The book presupposes a knowledge of calculus and
differential equations.

General Insurance of America tested
• • • and picked ullciiotap.e

Susskind, Alfred K., editor, and others /
Notes on Analog-Digital Conversion
Techniques / The Technology Press,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge 39, Mass. / 1957, photooffset, about 412 pp., $10.
The material presented here was prepared for use at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1957 Special Summer
Session for Analog-Digital Conversion

i~~~~:;~~~~~'i',
::,~,:~E1:!.!::,~±llJ
PLAN FOR THE

fUTURE!
investigate

AUTOMATION SHARESr INC.
A Mutual FUlld
A mutual fund whose objective is possible growth of
capital and income through
investment in the securities of
automation companies.
See your investment broker or fill
out coupon for information.

..........................
AUTOMATION SHARES
MANAGEMENT CORP.
734 Fifteenth Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C.

Please send me

Chief Engineer cites type EP A udiotape for C'C'dustjree
coating, uniform signal output. .. high precision"
WHEN General Insurance Company of America bought four Electrodata tape transports 18 months ago, they knew one thing: their
computing system should have the finest magnetic recording tape
available. It was decided that the best way to make the final decision
was to test.
The tests started immediately. Every nationally known make of
magnetic recording tape was used on the transports for at least a
month. The result was clear; type EP Audiotape was chosen.
As D. G. Jessup, Chief Engineer of General's Computing Department, wrote in a letter to Audio Dev-ices, "To obtain the optimum
reliability and performance from our computing system we need the
oxide dust-free coating, uniform signal output level correct in both
directions of travel, and high precision reels which you supply. Keep
up the good work!"
The extra precision Mr. Jessup found in type EP Audiotape is not
a matter of chance. Rather it is the result of meticulous selection and
inspections that start when the master rolls of base materials are
examined for uniformity. The quality control is continued through
the manufacturing process, ending only when the tape is checked by
a defect counter, rejects discarded, and the defect-free tape packed
in sealed containers. This high standard of control is backed up by
our guarantee that every reel of type EP Audiotape is defect-free.

For more information on type EP AUDIOTAPE, write for
Bulletin Tl12A. Write to Box TA, Audio Devices, 444 Madison
Ave., New York 22, N.Y.

prospectus.

Name: ...••••••.•..•.••••••
Address:
AUDIO DEVICES, INC., 444 Madison Ave., New York 22, N. Y.
Offices in Hollywood and Chicago
Export Dept.: 13 East 40th St., New York 16. N. Y.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

29"

{Continued from page 28]

C35
Converters, Electrical ............
C36
- High Frequency
C37
- Low Frequency
C38
- Power Frequency
C39
Converters, Information ............
C40
- Analog to Digital
C4l
- Card to Magnetic Tape
C42
- Card to Paper Tape
C43
- Computing
C44
- Digital to Analog
C45
- Magnetic Tape to Card
- Magnetic Tape to Paper
C46
Tape
C47
- Paper Tape to Card
- Paper Tape to Magnetic
C48
Tape
C49
Cords
C50
Cores ............
C5l
-Ferrite
C52
- Magnetic
C53
Counters ............
C54
- Electronic
C55
-Frequency
C56
- Mechanical
C57
- Proportional
Courses by Mail (Computer
Field)
C58
D: Data Processing Machinery (SEE
ALSO specific types)
- - Dl
Data Recording Equipment (SEE
D2
ALSO Input/Output devices)
Delay Lines (Computer Types)
- - D3
D4
Desk Calculators
Dials
D5
Differential Analyzers
- - D6
Diodes (Computer Types) ............ - - D7
- Germanium
- - D8
-Power
- - D9
- - DIO
- Silicon
Discs, Magnetic
- - Dll
Drums, Magnetic
- - D12
E: Education (see also courses)
- - El
Embedded Assemblies and Components
--E2
F: Facsimile Equipment
- - Fl
Fasteners and Fastening Devices - - F 2
Fire Control Equipment
- - F3
G: Generators, Function
- - Gl
- - G2
- Electronic
- - G3
- Mechanical
Geophysical Apparatus
- - G4
- - HI
.H: Heads, Magnetic ............
-Reading
- - H2
--H3
-Recording
- - II
.I: Indicators (Computer Types)
Information Retrieval Devices
- - 12
Input/Output Devices
- - 13
Integrators ............
- - 14
- Electronic
- - 15
- - 16
- Mechanical
Inventory Systems
- - 17
..J: Jacks
- - Jl
- - Kl
K: Keyboards
.M: Magnets
--Ml
M2
Memory Systems
M3
Multipliers ............
-Diode
- - M4
30

- - M5
- Electronic
- - M6
-Frequency
- - M7
- Servo
- - 01
Office Machines
- - PI
Panels ............
- - P2
-Jack
- - P3
-Relay Rack
- - P4
Paper Tape
- - P5
Patch Cords
Plotters (SEE ALSO Boards--P6
Plotting)
Potentiometers (Computer Types) - - P7
- - P8
Power Supplies - Regulated
- - P9
Printers ............
- - PIO
- High Speed
- - Pll
- Keyboard
- - P12
- Line-a-time
Publications ............
- - P13
- - P14
- Book Publishers
- - P15
- Magazines
- - Rl
Readers ............
--R2
- Character
--R3
- Magnetic Card
- - R4
- Magnetic Tape
- - R5
- Mechanical
- - R6
- Paper Tape
--R7
- Photoelectric
--R8
-Punch Card
--R9
Recording Papers
- - RIO
Rectifiers
Registers, Shift
- - Rll
- - R12
Relays (Computer Types)
Resistors
- - R13
- - R14
Resolvers ............
- - R15
- Coordinate Transform
- - R16
- Product
- Sine-Cosine
- - R17
- - R18
Robots
- - Sl
Scanners
- - S2
Semiconductors
- - S3
Simulators
--S4
Storage Systems ............
- - S5
- Magnetic
- - S6
Switches ............
- - S7
-Stepping
- - S8
Synchros
- - Tl
Tachometers
- - T2
Tape Handlers
- - T3
Tape, Magnetic ............
- - T3A
- Filing Systems
--T4
-Readers
- - T5
- Recorders
- - T6
Tape, Paper ............
- - T7
- Filing Systems
- - T8
-Punches
- - T9
-Readers
- - TIO
Telemetering Systems
- - TIl
Terminals
- - T12
Transformers ............
- - T13
- Pulse
- - T14
Transistors ............
- - T15
- Germanium
- - T16
- Silicon
Translating Equipment
- - T17
Typewriters, Electric, Controlled - - T18
- - T19
Tubes, Electronic
--VI
Visual Output Devices
[Please turn to page 32]
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for March, 1958

Books and Other Publications
[Continued from page 29]
Techniques. All material is treated in detail, but "is aimed primarily at readers
who have been away from formal academic work for some time and who have
little previous knowledge of the field."
The authors discuss systems aspects of
digital-information-processing which influence the specifications for analog-digital conversion devices; they present detailed analyses and evaluations of such
devices; they discuss in detail a case
study of work done at the Servomechanism Laboratory of MIT's Department of
Electrical Engineering. Ample illustrations clarify the text.
Newton, George c., Leonard A. Gould,
and James F. Kaiser / Analytical Design of Linear Feedback Controls /
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 440 Fourth
Ave., New York 16, N.Y. / 1957,
printed, 419 pp., $12.
This is an important book, presenting
analytical techniques for solving "practical control problems." The text is
written for scientists and engineers who
have had graduate training, or for graduate students who are studying advanced
work in feedback control theory. The
authors explain that by analytical design,
they mean "the design of control systems
by application of the methods of mathematical analysis to idealized models" representing physical equipment. They point
out that other textbooks on the subject of
feedback control actually present trialand-error methods of design procedure,
since they discuss numerous ways of modifying parameters, under the designer's
control, for improved system response.
Such trial and error design in no way
guarantees performance demanded by specifications. The analytical design method,
on the other hand, starts with the specifications and proceeds directly to the
compensation needed for the specified
performance index. The book is wellillustrated. It contains a valuable glossary, a bibliography, and several useful
mathematical appendices.

A practical basic and refresher course
and textbook in mathematics of electricity,
radio, and television fields for skilled
workers. The method of presentation on
a "job" basis, with examples of job applications, and reviews of principles,
makes the text clear to its intended
readers. Good diagrams, illustrations,
and problems are provided. Contents include: electrical measurements: electrical energy, electrical power, resistance,
capacitance, parallel and series A-C circuits, and A-C power.
IRE National Convention Record, 1957
/ Institute of Radio Engineers, Inc.,
1 East 79th St., New York 21, N.Y. /
1957, photo-offset, 179 pp., $4.00 to
members, $12.00 to non-members.
Contains 30 papers concerned with
computers, automatic control, and medical electronics. These papers were presented at the IRE National Convention
in New York, March 18-21, 1957, during
sessions on non-linear control systems,
automatic control in general, medical electronics, digital computers, analog computers, and computers in simulation, data
reduction and control.
Bratten, F. W. / Dynamic System Studies:
Analog Computation / Wright Air Development Center, U.S. Air Force,
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio,
distributed by Office of Technical
Services, U.S. Dept. of Commerce,
Washington 25, D.C. / 1956, photooffset, 69 pp., cost $2.00.
A report on electronic differential analyzers and their applications to flight
simulation problems, where the analyzers
must solve systems of "high order linear
and nonlinear equations that represent
the aerodynamics, guidance, and control
systems of a missile or aircraft," at a
real-time rate. Recent analog computers
are described and discussed.

Mr. Pyke discusses automation in
mass-production industries, in businesses,
and in everyday living. He defines and
debates its social effects and possibilities,
expressing an optimistic viewpoint of
those possibilities. He also discusses at
some length the problems arising from
accumulating hours of leisure for the
working man, as automation reduces the
working-hour week from six to five and
from five to four days. The book is interesting and informative for the layman
who wishes to learn about automationits definitions and implications in his
living.
Singer, Bertrand B. / Basic Mathematics
for Electricity, Radio and Television /
McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 330 West
42nd St., New York 36, N.Y. / 1957,
printed, 513 pp., $5.75.

With.
~.~

CONNECTORS

CANNON

RECOMMENDS

Schweber

AS THE ANSWER

K
SK-M7-32S

SERIES K-22C

AUTOMATIKA I
TELEMECHANIKA
December, 1957

Pyke, Magnus / Automation: Its Purpose and Future / Philosophical Library Inc., 15 East 40th St., New York
16, N.Y. / 1957, printed (in Great
Britain), 191 pp., $10.

are you going •••

FOLLOWING are citations of the
papers appearing in the December,
1957 issue (Vol. 18, No. 12) of
Automatika i T elemechanika ( Automatics and T elemechanics) , published
by the Academy N AUK, Moscow,
U.S.S.R. Each item ordinarily consists of: author / title / page. In
some cases, the item includes all or
part of the summary of the paper
(each paper is printed in the journal
with both a Russian and an English
summary).
Kilin, F. M. / Transient and steady processes in pulse systems with step variables / The paper deals with determination of transient and steady processes in pulse systems with step variables. To describe phenomena in such
systems step functions are used together
with continuous functions. / 1061

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

[Please turn to page 33}

_~"-DPD

5El!IU.

SUB; ,
MlNIAfUllll

BUY CANNON DIRECT FROM SCHWEBER
SEND FOR LATEST BULLETIN

Schweber

ELECTRONICS

60 HERRICKS ROAD - MIN£OLA, L I • N Y.
PIONUR 6·/)520

{Continued from page 30]

THE COMPUTER DIREC~ORY AND BUYERS' GUIDE, 1958
WE INVITE YOU to join these distinguished organizations who took advertising space and
lor expanded product entries in "The Computer Director and Buyers' Guide, 1957."
Adalia Computations, Ltd.
Adalia, Ltd.
Addressograph-Multigraph Corp.
AEC Computing Facility
Airborne Instrument Laboratories,
Modac Div.
Aladdin Electronics
Allegheny Instrument Company, Inc.
R. C. Allen Business Machines, Inc.
,Allies' Products Corp.
Alwac Corp.
,American Electronics, Inc.
,American Machine and Foundry Co.
Amperite Co., Inc.
Ampex Corp.
Amphenol Electronics Corp.
Andersen Laboratories
"The Arnold Engineering Company
Atlas Precision Products Co.
Audio Devices, Inc.
'The Austin Company
Automatic Electric Company
Automatic Engineers Co.
Autonetics, a Div. of No. American
Aviation, Inc.
Bank of America National Trust and
Savings Assoc.
Beckman Instruments, Inc., Systems
Div.
Bell Aircraft Corp.
'Bendix Aviati6n Corp.
-Bendix Aviation Corp., Research
Laboratories Div.
Bendix Computer Div., Bendix
Aviation Corp.
.Berkeley Division, Beckman
Instruments, Inc.
'The Bristol Company
British Tabulating Machine Co., Ltd.
Bryant Gage and Spindle Division
Burlingame Associates, Ltd.
Burndy Corp.
Business Electronics, Inc.
Canning, Sisson & Associates
CBS-Hytron
C. P. Clare and Company
-Computing Devices of Canada, Ltd.
Control Instrument Co., Inc.
'Council for Economic & Industry
Research
~ubic Corp.
-Cudahy Publishing Company
Datamatic Corp.
Data Processing Digest
'The Datics Corp.

Daystrom Systems
John Diebold & Associates, Inc.
Donner Scientific Company
Ebasco Services, Inc.
Electralab, Inc.
Electrodata Div. of Burroughs Corp.
Electronic Associates, Inc.
Electronic Engineering Company
Elliott Addressing Machine Company
Epsco, Inc.
ESC Corp.
Fairchild Engine & Airplane Corp.
Ferranti Electric, Inc.
Ferranti, Ltd.
Fischer and Porter Company
Ford Instrument Company, Div. of
Sperry Rand Corp.
The Foxboro Corp.
The Franklin Institute Laboratories
for Research and Development
Friden Calculating Machine Co., Inc.
H. S. Gellman & Co., Ltd.
General Ceramics Corp.
General Electric Company
General Kinetics, Inc.
General Transistor Corp.
The Geotechnical Corp.
Haller, Raymond & Brown, Inc.
Hammerlund Mfg. Co., Inc.
N. V. Hollandse Signaalapparaten
Hoover Electronics Co.
Hughes Research and Development
Laboratories, Hughes Aircraft Co.
Industrial Nucleonics Corp.
International Business Machines
Corp.
International Resistance Co.
J. V. Kane & Co.
KCS Data Control
A. Kimball Co.
The Kybernetes Corp.
Laboratory for Electronics, Inc.
Lansdale Tube Co., Div. of Philco
Corp.
Link Aviation, Inc.
Littelfuse, Inc.
Lockheed Missile Systems
Magnetic Research Corp.
Marchant Calculators, Inc.
Marchant Research, Inc.
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
Mellon Institute of Industrial
Research

ADVERTISING SPACE DEADLINE
$240
$185
$140
$ 95
$ 75

per
per
per
per
per

black and
% page b
lh page b
lh page b
1A, page b

white page
&w
& w
& w
& w

Metron Corp.
Monroe Calculating Machine Co.
Moore School of Electrical
Engineering
F. L. Mosely Co.
National Analysts, Inc.
National Cash Register Co.
Northrop Aircraft, Inc.
Nuclear Development Corp. of
America
Olivetti Corp. of America
ORRadio Industries
Packard-Bell Electronics Corp.
Panellit, Inc.
George A. Philbrick Researches, Inc.
Phillips Electronics, Inc.
Potter Instrument Co., Inc.
Radiation, Inc.
Radio Corp. of America
Radio Corp. of America
Components Div.
Radio Corp. of America
Electronic Tube Div.
Radio Corp. of America
Semiconductor Div.
Radio Receptor Co., Inc.
The Ramo-Wooldridge Corp.
Raytheon Manufacturing Co.
Recording and Statistical Corp.
Remington Rand Univac Div.,
Sperry Rand Corp.
Resistance Products Co.
Richardson Camera Company
Schweber Electronics
The Service Bureau Corp .
Sola Electric Co.
Soroban Engineering, Inc.
The Standard Register Co.
Sturrup, Inc.
Sylvania Electric Products, Inc.
Telecomputing Corp.
Telemeter Magnetics, Inc.
Teleregister Corp.
Texas Instruments, Inc.
Trio Laboratories, Inc.
Tung-Sol Electric, Inc.
Typatape, Inc.
University of Michigan
University of Toronto
Victor Adding Machine Company
The Walkirt Co.
Wayne State University
Zuse Kommandit-Gesellschaft

May 10, 1958
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION
815 Washington Street
Newtonville 60, Massachusetts
DEcatur 2-5453

"To: COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, 815 Washington Street, Newtonville 60, Mass.
We are interested in advertising in "The Computer Directory and Buyers' Guide, 1958." Please
.send data to the attention of:
,Name ...................................................................... Address
32

COMPUTERS a1zd AUTOMATION for March, 1958

Automatika 1
Telemechanika

now. • •
from

[Continued from page 31}
Perov, V. P. I The synthesis of pulse
circuits and systems with a pulse feedback / The determination of optimum
characteristics of pulse systems is considered. As a criterion of the optimum
the condition of the minimum root
mean square is taken when dynamic
accuracy and transient time are known.
The disturbance is supposed to consist of noise and signal; the noise is
a stationary random function, the signal is a sum of a stationary random
component and of a regular one. /
1081
Meerov, M. V. / On the synthesis of
structures of multiple-looped control
systems including elements with lags
/ 1098
Mikhailov, G. A. / The analysis of structure of series electronic digital computers / The paper presents the analysis of utilizing working time and
structure elements in series electronic
digital computers.
The relationships between the structure
features and the kind of problem to be
solved on the one hand and the calculation speed and other facilities of
the computer on the other hand are
established. / 1109
Roginsky, V. N. / The synthesis of mixed
relay circuits of series-parallel type /
The paper deals with analytical methods of equivalent transformations of
switching circuits together with some
means of introducing the elements of
finite conductivity. It is shown that the
methods mentioned make it possible to
reduce a number of contacts when designing multi-relay circuits. / 1120
Glatenok, I. V. / On evaluating the region of finding a real periodical solution approximately determined by
means of the method of a descriptive
characteristic / 1132

\
.

IOO%tested

memory cores

for transistorized memory circuits

THE NEW M3 LOW-DRIVE MEMORY CORE by FXC,
made of Ferroxcube 681 material, is designed for
transistorized memory circuits and has unusually low
driving current requirements. Its switching time is 2
microseconds with a current of 450 rna. at 40°C. It
can be furnished in complete arrays, such as the
10 by 10 memory array illustrated above, and it is
delivered 100% tested to guaranteed specifications.

Druzhinin, G. V. / The calculation of the
reliability of automatic electrical systems / The paper deals with calculattng the reliability of automatic electrical systems in the case of an arbitrary law of distribution of the time
during which the elements work well.
/ 1136
Discussion
Margolis, N. M. / Some remarks on
A. V. Mayorov's paper / 1142
Mayorov, A. V. / On increased reliability
of automatic controllers / 1144
Criticisms
Review of G. A. Atabekov's work: "Harmonic analysis and operator method"
/ 1146

Requests for complete data on test conditions and
guaranteed properties should be addressed to:
FERROXCUBE CORPORATION OF AMERICA
50 East Bridge Street, Saugerties, New York

Chronicle
The scientific seminar on pneumo-hydraulic automation / 1148
Bibliography
The list of Soviet and foreign literature
on the theory of relay circuits for
1956 I 1151

Manufacturers of ferrite cores for recording heads, magnetic memories, TV flyback transformers,
pulse transformers, filters, inductors, high frequency shields and power transformers.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

Readers' and Editor' s Forum
[Continued from page 27]

For further information, please write to Mr. Benjamin
L. Schwartz, Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Avenue, Columbus 1, Ohio.
The Central Ohio Association for Computing Machinery is not affiliated with the national Association for
Computing Machinery, but sponsoring organizations include Battelle Memorial Institute, Ohio State University,
North American Aviation, Nationwide Insurance, and
several other central Ohio concerns.
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 10-DAY SUMMER
COURSE IN AUTOMATIC CONTROL
Lawrence L. Rauch
Chairman, Instrumentation Engineering Dept.
Univ. of Michigan, College of Engineering
Ann Arbor, Michigan

We believe the following announcement may be of
interest to the readers of "Computers and Automation."
We would appreci2te very much having the notice appear before the closing date for registration in the
course, April 15.
The University of Michigan, College of Engineering,
is offering a summer Intensive Course in Automatic Control June 16 to 25, 1958, inclusive. The course is intended for engineers who wish to obtain a basic understanding of the field, but who cannot spare much time
for this purpose. The aim of the course is to make the
subject easy to learn by a coherent presentation in class
of the fundamentals of modern automatic coatrol, and
by providing a comprehensive set of notes to serve as a
framework for further study.
The course is built around the principles and application of measurement, communication and control. Extensive use will be made of computing, instrumentation,
and servo laboratories on the campus. The role of ana-

log computing methods will be emphasized. This course
has been given in the summers since 1953.
April 15 is the closing date for registration. Further
information may be obtained by writing to us.
CORRECTIONS OF DECEMBER ISSUE
I. From H. G. Sparks
Univ. of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pa.

I would like to compliment you on the fine article entitled, "A Pictorial Manual on Computers - Part 1" in
the December, 1957 issue of "Computers and Automation."
I am afraid, however, there has been a slight mistake
in the labeling of the photographs of the University of
Pennsylvania Computer Center. In your article on page
10, figure 1, the label reads, "The new Computing Center at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., showing its
powerful modern automatic digital computer, a Remington Rand Univac. The central machine is the supervisory
control." The Univac is located in the University of
Pennsylvania Computer Center, not in The Moore
School as described above. I would appreciate it if you
would correct this error in a future issue.
II. From E. M. McCormick

u.s.

Naval Ordnance Laboratory
Corona, California

We note that page 13 of the December issue of "Computers and Automation" includes a photograph of our
Datatron installation. It was incorrectly identified as
being at the Naval Ordnance laboratory, Washington,
D.C.
Since our laboratory is newer than the one in Washington, this mistake occurs frequently. Although the
names are practically alike, the two NOl's are independent activities of the Navy.
Incidentally, the picture shows our Datatron 204.
However, we are now installing a Datatron 205.

ADVERTISING INDEX
Following is the index of advertisements. Each item contains:
Name and address of the advertiser / page number where the
advertisement appears / name of the agency if any.

Aladdin Electronics, 715 Murfreesboro Rd., Nashville,
Tenn. I Page 25 I William Hart Adler, Inc.
Audio Devices, Inc., 444 Madison Ave., New York 22,
N.Y. I Page 29 I Marsteller, Rickard, Gebhardt &
Reed, Inc.
Automation Shares Management Corp., 734 15th St.,
N.W., Washington 5, D.C. I Page 29 I - Bendix Aviation Corp., Computer Division, 5630 Arbor
Vitae St., los Angeles 45, Calif. I The Shaw Co.
Berkeley Enterprises, Inc., 815 Washington St., Newtonville 60, Mass. I Page 20 I - Burroughs Corp., Military Field Service Division, 511
N. Broad St., Philadelphia 23, Pa. I Page 2 I - c. P. Clare & Co., 3101 Pratt Blvd., Chicago 45, Ill. I
Page 27 I Reincke, Meyer & Finn
Computer Control Co., Inc., Wellesley, Mass. I Page 17
I Briant Advertising
Corp. for Economic and Industrial Research, 1200 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington 2, Va. I Page 23 1-Datamatic Corp., Newton Highlands, Mass. I Page 36
I Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborne, Inc.
34

Electronic Associates, Inc., long Branch, N.J. I Page 7
I Halsted & Van Vechten, Inc.
ESC Corp., 534 Bergen Blvd., Palisades Park, N.J. I
Page 5 I Keyes, Martin & Co.
Ferroxcube Corp. of America, E. Bridge St., Saugerties,
N.Y. I Page 33 I Sam Groden, Inc.
Mack Trucks, Inc., Electronics Division, 4000 So. Second St., Plainfield, N.J. I Page 19 I Conti Advertising
Agency, Inc.
Radio Corp. of America, Tube Division, Harrison, N.J.
I Page 3 I Al Paul Lefton Co.
Royal-McBee Corp., Data Processing Equipment Division, Port Chester, N.Y. I Page 15 I c. J. LaRoche
& Co.
Schweber Electronics, 122 Herricks Rd., Mineola, L.I.,
N.Y. I Page 31 I Vision Associates
Southwest Research Institute, 8500 Culebra Rd., San
Antonio 6, Tex. / Page 25 I - System Development Corp., 2406 Colorado Ave., Santa
Monica, Calif. I Page 17 I Stromberger, laVerne,
McKenzie
Technical Operations, Inc., Burlington, Mass. I Page 35
I Dawson, Macleod & Stivers
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 440 Fourth Ave., New York
16, N. Y. I Page 25 I Norman D. Waters & Associates
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for March, 1958

an oblique look
tech/ops scientists know there are at least three ways of
attacking a problem: head on, as an amphibious force hits
a beach; flank-wise, as a tactician likes to strike; and
slantwise, the offbeat way.
This is a basic principle in operations research, the
new team method of attacking problems, in which tech/ops
is a leader and pioneer. It is this habit of taking an oblique
look-of applying a group of apparently unrelated disciplines to the problem-that has developed, at tech/ops,
unique solutions in weapons systems, tactics, organizations
and logistics.
You may profit by taking an oblique look at your own
career problem-and joining a team of tech/ops scientists
looking for new ways to the future.
Address:

ROBERT L. KOLLER

TECHNICAL OPERA TIONS, INCORPORA TED

Burlington, Massachusetts

at your career in
BURLINGTON, MASS., orWashing·
ton, D.C.: mathematical statistician (PhD
with five years' experience) for research In
sensitivity of stochasllc games, statistical
analysis of such games; creative, with skill to
develop essentially new mathemallcs in rela·
tively unexplored area; also mathematician
(PhD with five years' computer experience)
to develop sophisticated computer programs.
FORT MONROE, VA.: logician with
computer knowledge; mathematiCarecono~ electrical engineer with background In
information or queuing theory; senIOr opera·
tlons analyst, master's level or above, In
phYSical sCiences or mathematiCs.
MONTEREY, CALIF.: Applied mathema!!£@.!! with understanding of application of
high speed computers to data analYSIS;
sCientist or engineer With heavy math orienta·
tlon to act as project leader of field experlmen·
tation group; senior sCientist on PhD level
In operations research, math, phYSICS.
(Please indicate location preference.)

* Dr. Eric Clarke, tech/ops vice president, takes a look at a problem in his office at Burlington, Mass.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

New business weapon in the war on paperwork
Extra-wide magnetic tape is a key factor in enabling
Honeywell's DA T Amatic 1000 to process business data at
new record-breaking speeds. New recording techniques and
the tape's greater capacity team up to exploit the electronic speeds of the central computer.
This ingenious tape helps explain DATAmatic 1000's
ability to devour all sorts of business information at the
rate of 900 fully punched cards a minute.
Most important, it steps up the flow of this information
to and from the central computer to a peak rate of
120,000 digits per second, or a sustained speed of 60,000
digits per second.
Consistent with these speeds is DATAmatic 1000's ability to print insurance premium notices, inventory reports,
bank statements, production schedules, mailing lists - or
what have you - at the eye-blinking speed of 15 lines a
second (up to 120 characters a line)! As many as 14,000
typical paychecks, for examl'le, can be printed in one hour.
By now it should be clear there is something extra special
about DATAmatic 1000's new magnetic tape.
There is.
It holds far more business information than conventional
tapes. First, because it's wider. Second, because unique
recording methods now utilize its surface more completely
and efficiently. Data is organized for more rapid accessibility, and to save valuable time DATAmatic 1000 can
even read the tape in both directions, coming or going!
This new magnetic tape is but one of the many features
of DATAmatic 1000 designed specifically for business use.
That is why consideration of any business data processing
program is incomplete without the facts on DA T Amatic
1000.
Our applications engineers will be glad to discuss your
requirements. Write for details to Walter W. Finke.
President, DATAmatic Division, Dept. A3, Newton
Highlands 61, Massachusetts.

Honeywell
[II] DATAm atic
ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING

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