195803

. MARCH

1958

•

VOL.

7 -

NO

. 3

NOVEL

APPLICA

liONS

OF

COMPUTERS

Automation

Comes

to

the

Bible

2

Military

Field

Service

Division,

largest

in

the

Burroughs

Defense

Contracts

Organization

invites

creative

electronics

engineers

to

apply

their

talents

to

these

stimulating

long

range

programs

offering

professional

advancement,

recognition

and

reward.

FIELD

ENGINEERS

ASSISTANT

FIELD

ENGINEERS

INSTALLATION

ENGINEERS

DATA

PROCESSING

ENGINEERS

TECHNICAL

ASSISTANT

ENGINEERS

Send

resume to

Mr.

Robert Levinson,

Manager

of

Personnel Administration

BURROUGHS CORPORATION

MILITARY

FIELD

SERVICE

DIVISION

511 North Broad

street

Philadelphia 23, Penna.

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION for March, 1958

Typical

Alpha-Cutoff

Frequency-Mc

o

Typical

C-Current

Transfer

Ratia

Value

at

Collector

Ma.

n-p-n Types for

Medium-Current

Switch'

'.

109

ApplicatIons

n-p-n Types for High-Current SWitchi

._

ng

ApplIcations

6

9

p-n-p Types for

Medium-Current

S _ .

wItching

Applications

-Mode

in

proposed Jetec size-group

30

Case

...

a

comprehensive

line

offering

superior

performance

in

computer

designs

RCA's

line

now

includes 14

types

specifically designed

to

meet

the

demand

from

computer

manufacturers

for

electrically

uniform

and

reliable

transistors.

Your

RCA

Field

Representative

or

your

authorized

RCA

Semiconductor

Products

Distributor

will

be

glad

to

discuss

with

you

the

many

advances

being

made

by

RCA

in

this

area

of electronics. Specify

RCA

transistors

for

your

computer

designs.

For

technical

data

on

specific

types,

write

RCA

Commercial

Engineering,. Sect. C-90-NN, Somerville, N.

J.

RCA

FIELD

OFFICES

EAST

•••••••

744

Broad

Street

Newark,

N.

J.

HUmboldt

5-3900

MIDWEST

•••

Suite

1181

Merchandise

Mart

Plaza

Chicago,

III.

WHitehall

4-2900

WEST

_

•.•.•

6355

E.

Washington

Blvd_

Los

Angeles,

Calif.

RAymond

3-8361

GOV'T

••••••

224

N.

Wilkinson

Street

Dayton,

Ohio

BAldwin

6-2366

1625

"K"

Street,

N.

W.

Washington,

D.

C.

District

7-1260

•

RADIO

CORPORATION

OF

AMERICA

a;

Semiconductor

Division

Somerville,

N.

J.

®

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION

DATA

PROCESSING

•

CYBERNETICS

•

ROBOTS

Volume 7

Number

3

MARCH,

1958

Established

September 1951

NOVEL APPLICATIONS

OF

COMPUTERS

Three-Part Music

With

a Computer

as

One

Part

8

PHYLLIS

HUGGINS

Music by Automatic Computers 8

NEIL

M~CDON~LD

Economic

Planning

by Electronic Computer:

Planning

of

Sweden's Power . 9

D.

G. PACY

Economic System Studied by Analog Computer 9

Air

Traffic Control by Digital Computer 9

WALTER

L.

ANDERSON

Supermarket Chains Competing

Through

Calcula-

tions 9

Air

Flight and Combat by Computer . 10

Nuclear

Reactor Simulation on a Medium-Size

Computer . 10

PHYLLIS

HUGGINS

The

Best Corn Hybrids Calculated

By

Electronic

Computer . 11

W.

E.

CLARK

Foreign Language Translation by Automatic Com-

puter

.

11

J.

SPECK

Prediction

of

Translation by Computers from

Other

Languages to Russian

12

JOHN

W.

CARR,

III

Scientific Abstracting by Computer

12

H. T.

ROWE

Analysis

of

Investments by Automatic Computer 13

Bridge-Playing by Computer .

13

PHYLLIS

HUGGINS

Destruction

of

Civilized Existence by Automatic

Computing

Controls

13

ADMIRAL

ARLEIGH A. BURKE,

DR.

W.

H. PICKERING, and the Editor

EDITOR:

Edmund

C.

Berkeley

ASSISTANT

EDITOR:

Neil

D.

Macdonald

SERVICE

AND

SALES

DIRECTOR

Milton

L.

Kaye,

535

Fifth

Ave.,

New

York

17,

N.Y.

Murray

Hill

2-4194

Andrew

D.

Booth

CONTRIBUTING

EDITORS

Ned

Chapin

John

W.

Carr,

III

Alston

S.

Householder

ADVISORY

COMMITTEE

Samuel

B.

Williams

Herbert

F.

Mitchell.

Jr.

Howard

T.

Engstrom

Alston

S.

Householder

H.

Jefferson

Mills,

Jr.

George

E.

Forsythe

Morton

M.

Astrahan

ADVERTISING

REPRESENTATIVES

New

England:

Ed

Burnett.

815

Washington

St.,

Newtonville

60,

Mass

........................................

Decatur

2-5453

Middle

Atlantic

States:

Milton

L.

Kaye,

535

Fifth

Ave

.•

New

York

17,

N.Y

................................

Murray

Hill

2-4194

4

FRONT

COVER

Novel

Applications

of

Computers

ARTICLE

Automation Comes to the Bible .

CLAIR M. COOK

READERS'

AND

EDITOR'S

FORUM

1,8

. 16

The

Computer Directory and Buyers' Guide, 1958 6

Films

for

Instruction in Electronic

Data

Processing 6

STANLEY

COHN

IRE National Convention, N ew York, March 24-

27, 1958 -Papers Related to Computers and

Automation . 6

Central Ohio Association for Computing Machin-

ery -Second Annual Symposium -Columbus,

Ohio, March 29, 1958 .

27

University

of

Michigan 10-Day Summer Course

in

Automatic Control 34

Corrections

of

December Issue . 34

INDUSTRY

NEWS

NOTES

Computer Industry Notified

of

Infringement

of

Magnetic Core Patent .

22

PAUL STEEN

Impetus

of

Data

Processing

on

Component

Manu-

facturers .

22

W.

STIFLER

"library for a Computer

22

IBM 1957 Gross Income Over

One

Billion Dollars

22

Hughes Aircraft to

Grant

150 Fellowships in

Sci-

ence

~ork

.

23

REFERENCE

INFORMATION

Books and

Other

Publications

21

The

Computer Directory and Buyers' Guide,

1958.

24

The

Buyers' Guide List

of

Headings

28

Automatika I Telemechanika .

31

INDEX

OF

NOTICES

Advertising Index

34

San

Francisco

5:

A.

S.

Babcock.

605

Market

St

.......

Yukon

2-3954

Los

Angeles

5:

W.

F.

Green.

439

S.

Western

Ave

...

Dunkirk

7-8135

Elsewhere:

The

Publisher.

Berkeley

Enterprises.

Inc.,

815

Wash-

ington

St.,

Newtonville

60.

Mass

......

Decatur

2-5453

or

2-3928

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION

is

published

monthly

at

160

Warren

St.,

Roxbury

19.

Mass.,

by

Berkeley

Enterprises,

Inc.

Printed

in

U.S.A.

SUBSCRIPTION

RATES:

(United

States)

$5.50

fOT

1

year,

$10.50

for

2

years;

(Canada)

$6.00

for

1

year,

$11.50

for

2

years;

(For-

eign)

$6.50

for

1

year,

$12.50

for

2

years.

Address

all

Editorial

and

Subscription

Mail

to

Berkeley

Enterprises,

Ine.,

815

Washington

St.,

Newtonville

60,

Mass.

ENTERED

AS

SECOND

CLASS

MATTER

at

the

Post

Office

at

Bos,ton

19,

Mass.

Postmaster:

Please

send

all

Forms

3579

to

Berkeley

Enterprises,

Inc.,

160

Warren

St.,

Roxbury

19,

Mass.

Copyright,

1958,

by

Berkeley

Enterprises,

Inc.

COMPUTERS

al1d

AUTOMATION for March, 1958

gives

~vings

to

your

design

ideas

actuat

~

NEW

~$©

ELECTRICALLY

VARIABLE

DELAY

LIN

E

•••

..

. 1niniaturized series

EV-600-designed

to

your specifications

ESC's

entirely

new Series EV·600

introduces

miniaturized

electrically variable delay lines

with

a

time

delay propor·

tional

to

the

voltage applied. The new

unit

offers

a 50%

delay

variation

over

the

nominal

delay value. Since delay

is

proportional

to

control

voltage, an

amplitude

function

can be converted

into

time

modulation

of

a pulse

or

phase

modulation

of

a frequency. The Series EV·600 requires

no power and has

infinite

resolution.

Simplified

circuitry

takes advantage

of

the

inherent

reliability

of

passive

networks. Designed

for

Military

Applications.

'-SERIES-

Ev

76'oo---'

1

______________

1

Delay Range: .5 Jtsec.

to

50

ltsec. (variable 50%

from

nominal

value).

Impedance

Range:

50

ohms

to

2,000

ohms.

Delay

to

Rise

Time

Ratio: 5

to

50

Write

for

complete

technical

data

and

specifications.

See

the

Series EV·600 in

operation

at

the

I.

R.

E.

Show-

Booth #

2843

~

,,'"

~

R

(iiJ

f?

"'&I""'4!

"'ploy",

..

, oppor'uuiti<.

is

C!J

~C

0

:::'~:::~~~M~U

534

Bergen Boulevard, Palisades

Park,

New

Jersey

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

Readers'

and

FRONT

COVER:

COMPUTER

AS

MUSICIAN

The

front

cover shows a picture

of

the Bendix G-15

computer

in the role

of

musician.

During

the holiday

season this computer was

on

television playing carols.

It

is shown here being televised with Bob Cooper

on

the

oboe and Howard Rumsey on the bass viol.

THE

COMPUTER

DIRECTORY

AND

BUYERS'

GUIDE,

1958

The

completely revised, up-to-date 1958 edition

of

"The

Computer Directory and Buyers' Guide, 1958" will

be published by letterpress in June (the

June

issue of

"Computers and

Automation").

It

will contain at least

75

pages, and will probably contain many more entries'

than

the

2000

printed last year.

The

directory will

as

before contain two master lists:

Part

1, "Roster

of

Organizations

in

the Field

of

Com-

puting

and Data Processing."

This will be alphabetical by name

of

organization.

Part

2, "Buyers' Guide to the Field

of

Computing and

Data

Processing: Roster of Products

for

Sale

or

Rent."

This

will be classified under

product

headings (see

the

list of headings on page

28);

under each heading en-

tries will be alphabetical

by

name

of

company.

Each list will contain "ordinary entries," which are

FREE and brief, and "Expanded Bold Face Entries,"

which give 20

to

50 words of information or more and

carry a nominal charge

of

$10

(in

some cases $5 only,

or

less). See the details on page 24.

Blank entry forms were mailed

out

in

February to

over

4000

organizations. But

if

you did

not

receive one,

you can find in this issue the substance

of

the

reporting

form, on pages 26 and 28.

Please help us make this annual directory complete, by

sending

us the information that applies to your organiza-

tion.

FILMS

FOR

INSTRUCTION

IN

ELECTRONIC

DATA

PROCESSING

Stanley

Cohn

A

vro

Aircraft, Ltd.

Toronto,

Ontario

In reply to the request of Mr.

Henry

B. Ramsey

of

Philadelphia for information

on

E.D.P.M. films, we have

found the following

to

be of value:

6

1.

"Integrating

the Office for Electronics," availa-

ble for rental from the Visual Education Depart-

ment, American Management Association, 1515

Broadway,

New

York

36,

N.Y.

2. Set

of

four filmstrips (with audio recording) on

Data Processing and Computer Systems, availa-

ble

on

purchase only ($110)

from

the same or-

ganization.

3.

"Making

Electrons Count," dealing

with

scien-

tific computing, available

on

loan,

shipping

costs

only to be paid, produced by

the

Digital Com-

puter

Laboratory, Mass. Inst.

of

Technology,

Cambridge 39, Mass.

Editor's

Forum

IRE

NATIONAL

CONVENTION,

NEW

YORK,

MARCH

24-27,

1958-PAPERS

COMPUTERS

AND

AUTOMATION

The

IRE National Convention will meet in N ew York,

on

March 24-27, at the

Waldorf

Astoria Hotel and the

New

York

Coliseum. Over 50,000 attendance

is

ex-

pected; there will be 850 exhibits; and

55

technical ses-

sions.

The

sessions

of

chief interest to computer people

appear to be the two symposia on Tuesday evening:

Electronics

in

Space

Waldorf-Astoria, Starlight

Roof

Propulsion and Interplanetary Travel,

E.

Stuhlinger and

K.

A.

Ehricke.

Navigation and Control,

C.

S.

Draper.

Man in the Space Environment, D.

G.

Simons.

Communications and Telemetering,

J.

B.

Wiesner.

Terminal Environment,

F.

L.

Whipple.

Electronics Systems

in

Industry

New

York

Coliseum, Faraday

Hall

J.

M.

Bridges,

C. C.

Hurd, T. R. Jones and

J.

D. Ryder.

and the following day sessions:

TUESDAY

MORNING,

MARCH

25

Automatic Control -General

Waldorf-Astoria, Starlight

Roof

A Servopressure Control System for the Iron Lung,

G.

A.

Biernson and

J.

E.

Ward.

Gain-Phase Relations of Nonlinear Circuits,

E.

Levinson.

On

the Design of Adaptive Systems, H. L. Groginsky.

The Organization of Digital Computers for Process Con-

trol,

G.

Post and

E.

L.

Braun.

A Self-Adjusting System for Optimum Dynamic Perfor-

mance,

G.

W.

Anderson,

J.

A. Aseltine, A. R. Mancini,

and

C.

W. Sarture.

Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics

New

York

Coliseum, Morse

Hall

A VORTAC Traffic Control System,

P.

E.

Ricketts.

Airborne VORTAC DME for Federal Airways System,

S.

M.

Dodington and

B.

Mahler.

IDEA -Integrated Defense Early-Warning Air Traffic

Control,

B.

H. Baldridge.

The

ANI

APN-96 Doppler Radar Set,

M.

W. McKay.

Increasing the Traffic Capacity of Transponder Systems,

H. Davis and

M.

Setrin.

WEDNESDAY

MORNING,

MARCH

26

The

Canadian Automation System

of

Postal Operations

Waldorf-Astoria,

Grand

Ballroom

The Canadian Automation System of Postal Operations,

M.

Levy.

Organization of the Electronic Computer for the Canadian

Electronic Mail Sorting System,

A.

Barszczewski.

Coding and Error Checking in the Canadian System, M.

Levy and

V.

Czorny.

The Canadian Automation System of Postal Operations,

H. Jensen and K. H. Ullyatt.

[Please

turn

to page

27]

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for March, 1958

J

1000

or E Variplotter

ELECTRONIC

ASSOCIATES

O~

205N Variplotter

ELECTRONIC

ASSOCIATES

9~

FOCAL

POINT

OF

THE

ANALOG

COMPUTING

AND

PLOTTING

INDUSTRIES

THE

ONE

SOURCE you naturally look to for the

very latest advances in the arts

of

data reduction,

analog computation, and plotting, recording,

or

digital read-out equipment.

Write

Dept. CA-3

See Electronic Associates· equipment demonstrated at the IRE

Show, March 24 to 27, the Coliseum, New York. Our booth

numbers are 1202 thru 1208.

•••••

MANUFACTURERS

OF

PAce

PRECISION

ANA'-O~

COMPUTING

EQUIPMENT

LONG

BRANCH.

NEW

JERSEY.

TEL.

CAPITOL

9.1tOO~

COl~IPUTERS

and

AUTC:i\fATION, for March, 1958 7

NOVEL

APPLICATIONS

of

COMPUTERS

THREE-PART

MUSIC

WITH

A

COMPUTER

AS

ONE

PART

Phyllis

Huggins

Bendix

Computer

Division

Los Angeles, California

One

novel application for an electronic com-

puter

is

playing music.

While

of

no practical value

probably, playing Bach to bop greatly increases a com-

puter's

circle

of

friends.

The

computer sounds like an

organ

playing a flute duet.

The

pitch

is

relative,

and

the

timing

more precise

than

a metronome. A combination

composed

of

Bob Cooper

on

the

oboe,

Howard

Rumsey

on

the

bass viol,

and

the

Bendix G-15

as

middle musician,

recently made beautiful music for visitors to the Bendix

Computer

plant

in

Los Angeles.

The

tones produced by the computer are generated by

bit

configurations

in

the

computer's memory. They are

fed from one, or more, of the long lines of memory direct-

ly to the

input

of

an audio amplifier.

If

a single bit is

placed

in

an otherwise clear memory line,

as

the

line re-

-circulates

on

the

drum

this bit will be seen at the

input

to

the

amplifier

as

a voltage change.

There

are actually

two

changes -one

up

and

one

down

-every time

the

note

passes

under

the

read head

on

the drum,

or

once

per

drum

cycle.

By changing the

number

of

ONE

bits

in

each

group,

we

can vary the

output

frequency over a wide range, the

lowest being 34 cps and

the

highest being approximately

10 kc.

In

this particular routine, the notes range from

.850 cps to 2443 cps, assuming a

drum

speed

of

34 cps.

The

particular notes chosen

in

the 1 % plus octave range

were

selected

for

maximum flexibility

in

composition.

We

arbitarily

calJ

the note which corresponds to two

words

of

ONEs

followed by two words

of

ZEROs, "Mid-

dle c."

This

note is actually nearly two octaves higher.

On

this basis,

the

available

15

notes are:

Bo,

C,

D,

E,

F#,

G, A, B flat,

B,

C',

C#',

D',

E', and

F'

The

hexadecimal symbols used by the G-15 correspond

with

these. Code 0 indicates a rest. A

16th

note is

the

shortest possible note

duration

and

is

indicated

with

a

code O.

The

hexadecimal symbols will cause 1

through

15

sixteenth notes additional time to elapse.

Each

of

the

15

available notes

is

stored

in

a

long

line

of

memory.

The

playing

of

a tune is accomplished by copy-

ing

the melody into one

long

line and the

harmony

into

another.

The

sign

and

three

digits

of

a

word

define

the

note. Sign indicates whether a note

of

the

melody, coded

the

same

in

two successive words, is to be repeated

or

sustained.

The

least-significant digit

of

each

word

speci-

fies the duration

of

the note, the next digit specifies the

8

pitch of the melody and the next one,

the

pitch

of

the

harmony.

The

routine first sets

up

a command

that

will fill line

02,

for

example,

with

the

designated melody note, then

forms a command which will fill'line 03

with

the

desig-

nated harmony note.

The

latter command is executed

first, and

then

the former.

To

compensate

for

the

one

drum

cycle

minimum

delay between execution

of

these

two command,

the

amplifier

is

attached to

the

input

(write head)

of

line 03

and

the

output

one cycle late

(write head)

of

line 02.

In

this way,

the

melody and

harmony sound essentially simultaneously.

MUSIC

BY

AUTOMATIC

COMPUTERS

Neil

Macdonald

The

front cover of

thb

issue of "Computers and Auto-

mation" shows a computer which played Christmas

carols,

This

of

course was a publicity feature -

but

it

highlights some possibilities that are interesting and

important.

The

playing

of

fine symphonic music

written

by a

great composer is

without

doubt the execution

of

a pro-

gram.

The

music produced the different orchestral in-

struments, violins, woodwinds, tubas, cellos,

.....

, each

played by a trained musician and each musician atten-

tively following a great conductor -all this

is

without

doubt something

that

automatic

programming

can pro-

duce. Give all

the

orchestral instruments automatic con-

trois; include

other

musical instruments

if

desired; gov-

ern

the

timing

of

all

the

musical notes

and

rests

down

to

milliseconds

or

perhaps finer; include

in

the

program

the skill of a gceat conductor

in

varying the meter and

the relative loudness

and

softness

of

the

different instru-

ments;

and

we

would

without

doubt have a symphonic

music which would be marvelously beautifuL

Why

not try it?

We

might well find a qualitatively new

medium

of

musical expression that would be a great

contribution to symphonic music.

We

would no longer be limited by the number

of

musicians

who

can watch a conductor

or

by

the

inevita-

ble departures from exact time

as

the number of human

musicians is increased

or

by the distraction

of

human

be-

ings arising

from

hearing

other

musical notes played

near them

or

. .

...

There

is

at least another, much simpler, application

of

automatic

information

handling

to music, which many

students of music would bless. This

is

a device which

would help the learner

of

a piece

of

music, by

taking

in

("reading")

the

printed

notation

on

a sheet

of

paper

(or

punched on paper tape) and playing the notes musi-

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION for March, 1958

cally.

In

this way, a student learning the piano

or

violin

could use

not

only his

eyes

for

reading the musical no-

tation,

but

also his ears -

so

that

he

would also hear how

the piece

is

played, and in this way be helped

to

learn it.

This would be a particular

help

to those early

student~

of

music whose fingers

won't

behave easily. For the

student could listen to any specified sequence

of

the

music slowly or quickly, and over and over,

if

he

wished.

Yet

modern

controls would produce a result far dif-

ferent from the old pianola,

with

its punched paper

tape pneumatically controlling the keys

of

the piano,

so

that

every note was struck equally loudly, and there was

no variation at all according to the melodic structure

of

the piece.

Let us hope that the powers

of

automatic program-

ming

may be applied more than they have so far,

in

the

field

of

music.

ECONOMIC

PLANNING

BY

ELECfRONIC

COMPUTER:

PLANNING

OF

SWEDEN'S

POWER

D.

G. Pacy

Ferranti Electric, Inc.

New

York,

N.

Y.

An

electronic 'brain' in London has been used to plan

the power production

of

a nation.

The

Swedish State Power Board set

out

to determine

from figures taken over a

30

year period the best use of

its hydroelectric power stations,

the

nation's main source

of

power. Dozens

of

possible alternative plans were to

be considered: to examine each

plan

in

detail would take

an engineer at least six tedious weeks; even then, the

problem would have to be considerably simplified and

therefore the results would

not

be entirely realistic.

In

a matter

of

days, the Board determined its plan by

the use

of

an electronic computer at the Ferranti London

Computing Centre.

The

main Swedish industries involved were the

w~)od

pulp, paper, steel, timber, and river fishing. Some of the

chief problems were to calculate

how

efficient the present

system

of

power distribution was among Swedish indus-

tries

in

relation to their economic importance, and to

plan

for

the

national development

of

future power sta-

tions.

The

computer had to take into account many factors:

winter ice; steam power

production;

water-level in the

reservoirs; the capacity of dams and turbines; export

of

electricity to

Denmark;

needs

of

the major wood pulp,

paper and steel industries;

shipping;

and timber floating

in

the

rivers.

It

even considered the amount

of

water

needed by the salmon.

Alternative plans were considered

on

the computer,

such

as

the effects

of

larger reservoirs, varying sizes

of

power stations, and eliminating the floating

of

timber

down

rivers.

ECONOMIC

SYSTEM

STUDIED

BY

ANALOG

COMPUTER

A non-linear model

of

a

portion

of

the United States

national economy was simulated

on

the Beckman EASE

analog computer. A system of

12

equations represented

an economist's hypothesis of the interaction

of

the finan-

cial

and

monetary sector

of

the economy with the pro-

duction market. Starting conditions

for

each solution

were based

on

known mid-1952 economic data.

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

The

conditions included

in

this study were total bank

deposits, bank loans, bank reserves, total currency supply,

bank reserve ratio, loan conditions, aggregate demand

for all products, and the national product.

The

equations

were postulated primarily on considerations

in

the field

of

economics without knowledge

of

the capabilities

of

the computer.

The

purpose

of

the study was

not

primarily predic-

tions

of

the future

of

the economy

but

rather simulation

of

the abstracted system to obtain the knowledge

of

its

behavior.

Among

the results observed were the cyclical

nature

of

the economy, the lag present

in

the supply and

demand principle, and the fact that the postulated eco-

nomic system,

if

unaffected by outside influences, would

reach an equilibrium state

in

about 20 years.

AIR

TRAFFIC

CONTROL

BY

DIGITAL

COMPUTER

Walter

L.

Anderson

General

Kinetics, Inc.

Arlington

2,

Va.

Under

a contract with the Air Force Cambridge

Re-

search Center, General Kinetics, Inc., Arlington, Vir-

ginia, has prepared a terminal equipment

plan

for re-

placing the Volscan Air Traffic Control

DATAC

analog

computers

with

a standard commercially available digital

computer. A digital computer

program

was written

which duplicates all the present computational and logi-

cal control functions

of

the existing analog equipment.

Using synthetically produced radar information, the sys-

tem was tested on the IBM 704 computer at the National

Bureau

of

Standards. Trials were made

with

various

aircraft and wind conditions. All scheduling and geome-

trical computations were performed in real time.

The

output

commands were available for transmission to air-

cr~ft

in times ranging from 24 to

55

milliseconds after

receipt

of

the

input

radar information.

The

feasibility

of

using standard commercially availa-

ble computers

in

real time air traffic control applica-

tions has been demonstrated.

The

IBM 704 and other

equivalent commercial computers have the speed and

input-output capabilities to schedule jet

or

propeller air-

craft to 8 different airfields at a landing rate

of

120 air-

craft

per

hour.

SUPERMARKET

CHAINS

COMPETING

THROUGH

CALCULATIONS

In

a two day conference Jan. 27-28, 1958, at Palm

Springs, Calif., supermarket executives matched wits

with

each

other

through

a pair

of

automatic electronic com-

puters.

Their

decisions made in the operation

of

hypothetical

supermarket chains were electronically plotted and rated

by two desk-size

EI0l

computers made by Burroughs

Corp., ElectroData Division, Pasadena, Calif.

The

businessmen compressed

2-Yz

years

of

experience

of

management into a novel "game

of

strategy."

Players were divided into five-man "boards

of

direc-

tors," each representing a supermarket chain. These

boards attempted to out-maneuver one another,

through

executive decisions which were

"umpired"

and

instan-

taneously evaluated by the computers.

Each chain was given the same share

of

business vol-

ume and identical operating statistics (number

of

stores,

9

overhead costs, etc.).

The

players then decided what

action to take in a given quarter to strengthen their com-

petitive positions -such

as

building or renovating fa-

cilities, increasing or decreasing advertising, raising capi-

tal

through

loans, etc.

Their

decisions were fed to the E101 computers,

which had been previously

programmed

to evaluate

them.

The

computers automatically weighed the decisions

and

printed

out

financial statements for each chain. From

these reports the competing executives saw at once which

chain was operated

in

the wiser manner.

AIR

FLIGHT

AND

COMBAT

BY

COMPUTER

Hughes Aircraft Company's Digitair, the first airborne

digital computer

in

actual production, can

fly

an Air

Force all-weather jet interceptor, first defense against

the airborne H-bomb,

through

all phases of supersonic

combat, from take-off to touchdown, leaving the pilot

free to make tactical decisions.

Digitair can make 9,600 basic arithmetical computa-

tions

in

one second and render 6,250 decisions in one

minute.

Yet

it

weighs only 120 pounds and

is

small

enough to fit into the cabinet

of

a 21-inch table model

TV

set.

It

works with coded information flashed to it

by

powerful ground control stations and the plane's own radar,

and simultaneously takes

in

61

different types of informa-

tion while putting out

30

types.

In

doing

so

it performs or

monitors 16 separate navigation

and

flight control func-

tions

during

a program cycle of

1.S

seconds, all at least

once, some

of

them several times.

COMPUTER

TO

FLY A

PLANE

IN

SUPERSONIC

FLIGHT

AND

COMBAT

A major scientific advance, vital

in

aerial defense, is

the Digitair, the first airborne digital computer

in

actual

production.

Here

Hughes Aircraft Company test pilot,

Robert -R. Carson, inspects a prototype test model in-

stalled

in

F-102A

Air

Force all-weather interceptor.

The

computer being produced is small enough

to

fit into

21-inch table model

TV

cabinet.

10

These functions include such operations

as

actuating

the interceptor's control surfaces to correct pitch and

roll, commanding the pilot to increase or decrease his

speed; maintaining constant check

on

available fuel, and

the distance the airplane can

fly

on

it

under

existing con-

ditions; target, range, azimuth and elevation informa-

tion provided to the

pilot;

proper

speed

and

altitude the

pilot

should

fly

in order to accurately intercept the tar-

get, and besides, a continuing check

of

its own accuracy

and reliability.

The

Hughes computer

is

not

necessarily restricted to

interceptor use. Another novel application

would

be its

installation

in

a commercial jet airliner.

It

could auto-

matically navigate and continuously compute speed and

altitude for best performance, automatically program

fuel consumption from take-off to landing, meanwhile

considering varying flight conditions; automatically pro-

cess and display navigation

data;

enable the pilot to in-

sert alternate position, destination and altitude informa-

tion;

and automatically control communications between

ground traffic and automatic landing control.

Installed

in

supersonic bombers, Digitair could auto-

matically navigate, control target approach and bomb

release, control communications, compute flight-control

functions, di!'ect defensive armament and escape man-

euvers, and control evasive maneuvers.

NUCLEAR

REACTOR

SIMULATION

ON

A MEDIUM-SIZE

COMPUTER

Phyllis

Huggins

Bendix Computer Division

Los Angeles, California

An

application using the Bendix G-15 computer and

three

MT

A-2 magnetic tape units for simulation of a

nuclear power plant reactor has been developed by Hol-

ley Carburetor Company.

The

application is

of

some

interest

as

it uses a medium-size computer for a program

for which it is usually considered necessary to have the

largest computing equipment.

Computation, in effect, takes a snapshot

of

the entire

power plant, per second, for 100 or more seconds

per

run. Partial differential equations are used to develop

time-space-temperature relationships. Approximately

300,000 mathematical calculations are made for each snap

shot.

With

these the computer generates steady-state

maps for a performance study of the control system.

The

methods of solution used are applicable to any pro-

cess

involving kinetic thermodynamics.

The

program

is

processed in the following manner:

The

magnetic tape

units are used to extend the storage

of

the computer.

Programs and constants are

kept

on

tape.

The

memory

drum

of the computer

is

used

for

working

storage and

working

commands.

The

variables for each control

check are stored

on

the

drum

and recorded by the type-

writer. Each control

point

of

the

plant

is treated

as

a

separate program, with a loading routine that calls in

the next program.

The

last

program

for

the

plant

opera-

tion reverses the magnetic tape

and

a loop operation

is

established.

The

sequence technique is used

with

each

case operating on the variables produced

in

the

Typed

output

includes: time

per

seconds at start

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for March, 1958

of

the transients; all temperatures at all control points

in

the

plant;

and

temperature profiles

for

the control

points

in

the plant.

Investigation

of

reactor operation

is

still experimental

and developmental. Equations have been

written

for

each component

of

the

power

plant. Factors have been

used

for

a scale model

with

data for computation.

When

this

information

is

assembled

it

simulates

the

power

plant.

The

plant

is

represented by a system

of

250 dif-

ferential equations.

In

two parts

of

the

program

a

180 x 180 matrix is solved.

The

digital computer does

not

operate

in

real time.

Five minutes

of

computation are equivalent to one sec-

ond

of

power

plant

time.

An

analog computer

is

used

for real time checks

of

samplings

of

the digital simula-

tion.

In

the opinion of the Holley Carburetor Company,

open

use

of

the low-cost G-15 compared to scheduled use

of

a high-cost computer, has enabled them to complete

in

1

Yz

weeks work that required 5 months on a large-scale

machine.

THE

BEST

CORN

HYBRIDS

CALCULATED

BY

ELECTRONIC

COMPUTER

W.

E.

Clark

Hanover,

Pa.

Illiac, the high-speed electronic computer at the Uni-

versity

of

Illinois, Urbana, Ill., is

helping

agricultural

scientists to select new and better strains

of

hybrid corn.

R.

W.

Jugenheimer,

in

charge

of

corn

breeding

work,

and

W.

C.

Jacob, agricultural statistician, are

turning

the

old

art

of

plant

breeding into a new highly-skilled and

exact science.

For

example,

from

50

parent

lines

of

corn, it

is

pos-

sible to make 1,225 single crosses

and

690,900 double

crosses. But, mathematics accomplished by electronic

computer

can predict which crosses are most likely to

bring

out

the desired features

in

the

hybrid corn.

The

result

is

that

the scientists need only take 40

or

50

of

the

best combinations into the field

for

testing.

The

newest corn hybrids

under

study carry traits for

high

oil and

high

protein

content.

Other

desirable char-

acteristics the scientists are

working

toward include re-

sistance to European corn borer,

high

yield,

good

stand

a-

bility and

proper

maturity.

In

the tests, the scientists

punch

the

known

traits

of

each

parent

corn variety onto cards.

The

computer

then

matches

up

the

desired traits into the various combina-

tions.

Corn

breeders then can concentrate their field

testing

work

on

those

parent

lines

that

are likely to give

the most desirable hybrids for farmers to grow.

FOREIGN

LANGUAGE

TRANSLATION

BY

AUTOMATIC

COMPUTER

J.

Speck

Burroughs

Corp.,

ElectroData

Division

Pasadena, Calif.

An

electronic computer has been

programmed

to in-

terpret four foreign languages and automatically

print

out

idiomatic English translations.

Peter Toma, 32-year-old Hungarian, demonstrated his

translation technique at the ElectroData Division

of

Bur-

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

roughs Corporation

in

Pasadena, Calif.

He

fed a Data-

tron

electronic data processing system

four

excerpts

in

Russian, French, German and Spanish.

One

was a head-

line from Pravda -"Mashina perevodit s odnovo ya-

zeeka na drugoy."

Datatron

printed

on its electric typewriter the precise

English equivalent: "Machine translates

from

one lan-

guage into another."

According to Toma, this marks a real

breakthrough

toward a universal interpretation

of

all the

world's

tongues -and a common

written

language. His

is

the

only technique formulated for multiple-language ma-

chine translation.

The

program

does not merely produce a word-for-

word

record, but correctly renders

the

thought

or

"sense" behind each foreign phrase.

To

prime his electronic linguist,

Toma

first transmits

to its magnetic memory

drum

four specially-condensed

dictionaries

of

Russian, French,

German

and Spanish.

These were previously punched

on

paper

tape

in

numeri-

cal computer language, along with instructions telling

Datatron

how

it should go about translating.

The

computer -which adds

or

subtracts at the rate

of

30,000 numbers a minute -electronically converts the

code into alphabetic characters. Then it compares vari-

ous semantic and logical patterns

with

the pre-stored

glossaries.

In

several minutes, it types

out

a complete

page

of

English translation.

ELECTRONIC

LINGUIST

-

Peter

Toma,

standing

at

Datatron,

holds punched

paper

tape used

in

entering his

specially coded formula

for

translating languages into

the

electronic computer.

Toma,

32, translated

four

languages

-Russian, French,

German

and

Spanish -

into

Eng-

lish

in

a demonstration

at

the

ElectroData Division

of

Burroughs Corporation, which manufactures

the

Data-

tron.

11

PREDICtION

OF TRANSLATION BY

COMPUTERS FROM OTHER LANGUAGES

TO

RUSSIAN

John

W.

Carr,

III

Univ.

of

Michigan

Ann Arbor, Mich.

Recent achievements

of

Soviet science

in

the areas

of

rocketry and space flight indicate that their efforts may

very well be just

as

pronounced

in

other

directions.

The

American scientific community has

long

had knowledge

of the immense effort that the Soviet Union has been

placing

on

translation

of

scientific documents from such

languages

as

English, German,

and

French over into

Russian.

There

has been no comparable effort

on

the

part

of

the

United

States to

perform

translation

of

Russian docu-

ments, and since most American scientists are

not

trained

in

Russian, the American scientific community has

not

been aware

of

the magnitude

of

the

general Soviet scien-

tific effort until its culmination in recent astronomical

events.

A recent perusal

of

Soviet literature

on

digital com-

puters with the aid

of

some translations by Morris Fried-

man

of

M.

1.

T. and by me indicates

that

another Soviet

triumph in an area outside of missiles may very well be

the

announcement

of

full scale digital computer machine

language translation

of

scientific

and

technical literature

from

English into Russian.

The

efforts

of

world-famous Soviet mathematicians,

including Kantorovich and Markov,

as

well

as

less well-

known

individuals located at the V. A. Steklov Mathe-

matical Institute, have been concentrated

on

the develop-

ment

of

both

a theory

and

practical digital computer

programs to solve this problem.

The

work

reported in

the

Soviet open literature indicates

that

the

theory be-

hind

this

program

was well developed over two years

ago.

The

caliber

of

mathematicians involved

and

the

description

of

the

work

done indicates

that

it

is

a major

project.

On

the

other

hand, the overall

United

States effort

1fl

this area has been negligible.

What

results have been

obtained have been generally more

in

the

way

of

trial

experiments performed by isolated individuals

than

any

concentrated effort.

In

addition to the prestige value

of

such an achieve-

ment to the Russians, the value

of

machine translation

to the Soviet

Union

in its continued perusal

of

foreign

documents would be immense.

There

is today legitimate

disagreement among American scientists

as

to

the

ease

with

which this problem can be solved. However,

with

the increased speed, capacity, and reliability

of

digital

machines, their ability to do this job

under

the

instruc-

tion

of

human

beings cannot be denied. Moreover, this

area

of

translation, along

with

the

concomitant, area

of

so called "automatic

programming,"

is

leading

human

beings directly towards the development

of

machines

which will

perform

inductive reasoning -prove the-

orems,

mak~

decisions,

eva1,uate

complex situations, and

behave

in

what

might

appear to be a more rational

fashion

than

many

human

beings.

The

Soviet literature indicates

that

their leading mathe-

maticians are highly aware

of

the

implications

of

these

new devices.

In

the

United

States, because

of

the gener-

12

ally) skeptical opinion

of

fundamental science among poli-

ticians and the military, there is little

support

for these

"blue-sky," "science-fiction," problems. Very little money

is available

for

research at universities, where the per-

sons most competent

in

such problems are located. Re-

sponsibility

for

any effort at all has generally been left

to commercial organizations, whose main effort is the

sale

or

rental

of

equipment.

In

such a situation, the announcement

of

spectacular

results

in

the area

of

unusual applications

of

so-called

"giant

brains" by the Soviet

Union

may very well be

expected.

SCIENTIFIC

ABSTRACtING

BY COMPUTER

H.

T.

Rowe

International Business Machines Corp.

New

York,

N.Y.

Researchers at International Business Machines Corp.

have made an initial progress report

on

a method

for

producing

abstracts

of

scientific and technical articles

using an IBM 704 Electronic

Data

Processing System.

The

articles are analyzed sentence by sentence by

the

computer.

The

machine then selects the "most signifi-

cant" sentences and reproduces them

on

an electronic

printer.

The

human

engineer

or

scientist by reading

the

sentences can then determine whether

or

not

the article

is

of

value to him.

In

the

machine abstracting technique, called Auto Ab-

stracting, the article to be abstracted

is

first punched out

on

IBM cards, and then transcribed to magnetic tape,

which is then placed in the machine. (Optical scanning

now

under

development may eventually eliminate the

card stage entirely.)

The

machine "reads" the magnetic

tape

in

a fraction

of

a second, and applying a program,

treats words

as

entities.

It

determines their "signifi-

cance" by measuring the frequency

of

individual use and

the frequency

of

combinations and couplings.

The

entire article

is

submitted to a statistical analysis

of

word

usage

and

placement,

from

which a table

of

values

is

made.

The

machine

then

analyzes each sentence based

on this table, and awards a significance factor

to

it. Then,

depending

on

the degree

of

these factors, the machine

selects the several highest ranking sentences and prints

them

Out.

If

the significance

is

very high, a single sentence might

serve

as

the entire abstract. If,

on

the

other

hand, the

meaning is

strung

out in several sentences, the machine

will

print

out

all

of

these.

An

advantage

of

machine abstracts is

that

only the

original statements

of

authors appear

in

the abstract,

and the abstracting sentences are

not

subject to misin-

terpretations by human evaluators.

Another

advantage is

that

the selection

of

the key sentence

or

sentences is made

through

mathematical analysis, and a constant standard.

The

auto abstracting technique has

grown

from re-

search into the problems

of

information

retrieval car-

ried

on

by

H.

P. Luhn

of

the

IBM's

Yorktown

Heights

Research Center. A host

of

tedious information-seeking

problems are awaiting solution

through

electronic data

processing methods

of

this type.

The

patent

office is faced

with

the Herculean task

of

fi1st

classifying millions

of

variations

in

machine designs

offered

as

new patents, and

then

finding

the

entire class

COMPUTERS

atld

AUTOMATION for March, 1958

of

similar variations already filed,

and

then

determining

the degree of variation.

Physicians are considering

the

possibility

of

diagnos-

ing

diseases

by

feeding the symptoms to a computer that

has memorized the thousands of combinations

of

symp-

toms for every known disease.

Given the specifications

and

cost limitations, chemical

compounds including resins and plastics may be selected

by computers from the thousands that have been de-

veloped.

IBM researchers

point

out that this progress report is

merely a first step in literary abstracting,

but

enough

success has been achieved to

warrant

further develop-

ment.

ANALYSIS

OF

INVESTMENTS

BY

AUTOMATIC

COMPUTER

The

automation of investment analysis has begun,

in

the

work being done by the Corporation for Economic

and Industrial Research,

as

Investment and Technical

Adviser to Automation Shares, Inc., a new Mutual

Fund

specializing in investment in automation equipment and

component companies.

CEIR

is

using what it calls "Automated Portfolio An-

alysis."

In

its analyses of the various companies which

are eligible for investment

under

the Fund's investment

policy, it

is

making projections

of

estimated future sales,

earnings, dividends, and prices

of

the

various securities.

By

a procedure not at present being made public, it is

also estimating the degree

of

confidence it feels can be

placed

on

these estimates for each security. This mass

of

data, for the entire range

of

candidate companies,

is

then

fed into its IBM

704

computer.

The

various types

of

portfolio investments are then explored by applying

some

of

the latest linear

programming

techniques. Us-

ing

these techniques the computer goes

through

thou-

sands of different combinations

of

the whole list

of

se-

curities, seeking

out

those combinations which will

satisfy the investment criteria established by the Fund's

Board

of

Directors, yet are expected to yield the desired

results with a prescribed degree

of

confidence.

This

process is repeated several times using different

objectives, and the results then supplied for guidance to

the Fund's Investment Committee.

After

a careful study

of

the computations, the Committee makes the final

judgments

as

to the exact portfolio possibilities which

it

will recommend for consideration by the Fund's Board

of

Directors.

The

Board

of

course makes the final

de~

cision.

This

is

apparently the first time

that

computers

have

been used to assist investment advisers in developing

portfolios to meet a particular set

of

investment objec-

tives.

In

the case

of

Automation Shares Fund, these ob-

jectives are to obtain a modest current income

but

maxi-

mum possibilities of

growth

of capital and income

in

the

future, while limiting to a specified degree the specula-

tive content of the portfolio

as

a whole.

BRIDGE-PLAYING

BY

COMPUTER

Phyllis

Huggins

Bendix

Computer

Division

Los Angeles 45, Calif.

The

Bendix G-15 Computer has faced, and bested, its

first human adversaries in bridge.

The

program drama-

tizes how the computer can be used to solve problems

of

sorting, decision-making, and record search such

as

are

involved

in

bridge and other games apparently not re-

lated to mathematics.

In

the "beat the expert"

hand

a

grand slam in clubs, the computer plays

North

and South,

Plays made by competing hands are fed into

the

com-

puter

by code, and the machine makes the

proper

play

in

response.

West

North

S-A,

K,

4,

H-A,

K, 2

D-A,

K, 2

C-A,

K

S-Q,

J,

10, 9, 8

H-Q,

J,

10

D-Q,

J,

10

C-6,

5 South

S

...................................

.

3,

2

H-6,

5,

4,

3

D-5,4,3

East

S-7,

6,

5

H-9,

8, 7

D-9,

8,

7,

6

C-4,

3,2

C-Q,

J,

10,

9,

8, 7

The

program

was originated by Professor Robert F.

Jackson

of

the University

of

Delaware.

The

G-15 re-

jects,

with

what he terms

"a

stern, minatory bell," any

card

that

is illegally played from an opposing hand.

DESTRUCTION

OF

CIVILIZED EXISTENCE

BY AUTOMATIC COMPUTING CONTROLS

I.

By: Admiral

Arleigh

A. Burke

Chief

of

Naval

Operations

Washington,

D.

C.

(excerpts from a talk

to

the

Preparedness Subcommittee,

United

States Senate as

reported

and/or

quoted

in

"The

New

York

Times," January 30, 1958)

...

The

United States

and

the Soviet

Union

will soon

have the ability to destroy each other.

...

Such a

stand-off

in

nuclear striking power will continue for

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

generations.

It

will involve

th-e

possibility, which

we

have

got

to learn to live with,

of

some madman pressing

the button, and he will wipe

out

the

Northern

Hemis-

phere. I estimate the date

on

which the predicted stale-

mate will occur

as

(deleted by censor).

...

Because

of

the calculating nature

of

the Russian

people

in

high

places, I believe

that

Khrushchev would

be

prudent, as far

as

starting a

war

would

be concerned.

. . . Russia will attain sufficient striking power to

13

destroy

the

United

States, and

there

is no

amount

of

money, I think,

that

we can

spend

that

will

prevent

that.

...

When

this occurs, I believe there will be

more

and

more

likelihood

of

small wars,

of

limited wars, and a

greater

and greater likelihood

of

psychological pene-

tration.

...

I predict

that

Russia will follow

up

the

launching

of

two

earth

satellites

with

a

lot

of

new

advances, a

lot

of

new things

that

we have

not

heard

of.

We

are

going

to

be surprised over and over again. .

..

II. By:

Dr.

W.

H.

Pickering

Head,

Jet

Propulsion

Laboratory

California

Institute

of

Technology

Pasadena, Calif.

(as

reported

in

"Machine's Mistake

May

Doom

World"

in

"The

New

York

Herald

Tribune,"

January

22, 1958)

Shortly after the end

of

World

War

II

a

popular

quip

heard

around

the

Pentagon

was

"the

era

of

push-button

warfare

has arrived -we have

the

push

button."

Today,

however, we are in fact on

the

verge

of

an era

of

mili-

tary

technology which is fantastically beyond

the

con-

cepts

of

a decade ago.

We

can

now

equate

one

push

but-

ton

to one city located anywhere

on

this planet.

For

if

that

push

button

launches an

Inter-Continental

Ballistic

Missile,

it

is all

that

is needed to destroy

the

city target.

The

ICBM

with

a hydrogen warhead takes less

than

half

an

hour

to reach its target.

This

means,

that

within

a few years every city

on

the

globe will be

living

with

a

threat

of

sudden

death -its life

dependent

on

one man's

action.

And

that

man is

not

the

ruler

of

an

enemy coun-

try,

but

the

soldier

on

guard

in

an isolated ICBM launch-

ing

site.

The

least we can

hope

is

that

he is

not

one

of

those

young

hotheads

who

frequently exchange rifle shots

across a frontier.

But

no

matter

who

he

is, his decision

is

the

death

sentence

of

the

target

city.

With

this situation rapidly becoming an accepted fact,

military strategists have concluded

that

the

only answer

is

the

threat

of

immediate

and

total retaliation. Con-

ceptually,

the

enemy's missiles are detected

on

route

and

the

retaliatory missiles are launched even before

the

enemy missiles have reached

their

targets.

Thus, even

if

the launching sites

do

not

survive

the

targets, destruction

of

the

enemy is achieved. Even after

the

anti-missile-missile has been perfected, this basic

strategy would be maintained.

Now,

to attain

the

capability

of

instant

retaliation,

the

military

planner

finds himself calling for long-range

radar

devices, elaborate computers to

determine

if

the

radar

signal is due to an enemy missile, a friendly air-

plane,

or

a meteor

from

outer

space,

and

a complex com-

munication

network

for

alerting

the

targets

and

for

commanding

the

retaliatory missiles to be launched.

This

is

the

prospect we face:

the

decision to destroy

an enemy

nation

-and by inference

our

own

-will be

made by a radar set, a telephone circuit,

an

electronic

computer.

It

will be arrived at

without

the

aid

of

human

intelligence.

If

a

human

observer cries: "Stop, let me

check

the

calculations,"

he

is

already

too

late, his launch-

ing

site

is

destroyed, and the

war

is lost.

It

is a

frightening

prospect.

Far

more

than

being

slaves

to

our

machines,

our

very life depends

on

the accuracy

and reliability

of

a

computing

machine

in

a far distant

country.

The

failure

of

a

handful

of

vacuum tubes and

transistors

would

determine

the

fate

of

our

civilization.

We

have been

prone

to take

comfort

in

the

thought

that

no

nation,

no

matter

what

its

government,

would

embark

on

a

war

of

mutual destruction. Perhaps this is

true,

but

in

a few years

it

will

not

be

the

government

which makes

the

choice.

The

government

will be com-

mitted

to relying

on

the

reliability

of

some electronic

equipment

and

the

skill

of

a few technicians.

Under

these circumstances,

if

a

period

of

international

tension lasts

for

any

length

of

time, failure

of

the

equip-

ment

is almost inevitable and

mutual

destruction cannot

be avoided.

This

evolution

from

the

push

button

era to

the

auto-

matic

push

button

era is inevitable.

And

when

that

day

comes all

of

the

"human"

considerations which

might

stay

the

hand

of

a

warmonger

will

mean

nothing.

Is

there

an answer?

With

the

present

political climate

it

is difficult to imagine

what

it could be.

But

if

the

an-

swer is

not

found

in

a very few years,

there

will be no

need

for

the

answer, because all

that

is

left

of

humanity

will be

starting

again

the

long

climb

from

the

stone age.

III.

From

the

Editor

The

Romans

who

lived for many years comfortable,

normal

lives

in

Pompeii

at

the

foot

of

the

volcano Vesu-

vius

(then

called

Monte

Somma and

thought

to be ex-

tinct)

were surprised

when

it

finally

erupted

in

A.D. 79,

destroyed their city, and themselves. See

the

younger

Pliny's absorbing eye-witness account.

Nature

has an answer for those

who

cannot adjust to

possibilities

and

warnings

of

new conditions. She gave

her

answer to Pompeii.

Do

we have to

"learn

to live

with

the

possibility

of

some

madman

pressing a button,

and

he

will wipe

out

the

Northern

Hemisphere?"

or

is

the

estimate

of

the

situation by

the

Chief

of

Naval

Operations

wrong?

or

do we take

urgent

steps by negotiation

and

agreement to

make sure that

thh

application of computers can never

happen?

Do

we have to pay no attention,

as

if

we were

drugged

or

hypnotized, to

the

thesis

"the

failure

of

equipment

is

almost inevitable, and

mutual

destruction cannot be

avoided"?

or

is

the

estimate

of

the

situation by

the

Head

of

the

Jet

Propulsion

Laboratory

wrong?

or

do

we start

doing

something

about

it?

THE

COMPUTER

DIRECTORY

AND

BUYERS'

GUIDE,

1958,

the

June

1958 issue

of

COMPUTERS

and

AUTO-

MATION,

doses

for

entries

April

25, 1958.

Please send us your entries

for

your organization, products,

and

services -see pages 24, 26, 28, 30, 32,

in

this issue.

14 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for March, 1958

TODAY'S

GREATEST

VALUE

IN

ELECTRONIC

COMPUTERS!

'r:"';"""·'"

,~

~~,;'

"

\",

:

'.t

ROYAL

PRECISION

LGP-30

, "

Compare

it,

feature

by

feature,

with

the

other

computers

in its

class

Feature

Memory

Size

Max.

Speed

Add

Multiply

Size

Input-

Output

-

No.

of

tubes

Voltage

Power

Ease

of

pro-

gramming

&

operation

Cost

Sale

Rental

Computer

A

220

words

for

data

only

20/sec.

4/sec.

17

sq.

ft.

Keyboard

only

-

tape

at

extra

cost.

165

220

V

2.5

KW

Not

alpha-numeric.

No

internal

pro-

gram

storage.

$38,000

$lOOO/mo.

Computer

B

2160

words

Comparable

to

LGP-30

6.5

sq.

ft.

plus

table

for

typewriter.

Independent

tape

preparation

at

extra

cost.

450-

110

V

3.0KW

Alpha-numeric

at

extra

cost.

8

part

instruction.

Re-

quires

computer

specialist.

$'49,500

$1485/mo.

Computer

C

1000

or

2000

words

Comparable

to

LGP-30

45

sq.

ft.

Extra

cost

peri·

pheral

equipment

required.

2,000

220V

17.7

KW

Alpha-numeric

at

extra

cost.

Re-

quires

computer

specialist.

$205,900

$3750/mo.

up

Nation-wide sales and service. Trained staff

of

applications

analysts.

Library

of

sub-

routines available, plus programs for wide

variety of applications.

For further information and specifications

on

Royal

Precision LGP-30, call your nearby

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

~,

Computer

D

84

words

for

data

only

3/sec.

l/sec.

9.2

sq.

ft.

plus

table

for

typewriter

&

control

unit.

Tape

and

typewriter

for

numerical

input·

output

only.

Inde-

pendent

tape

preparation

at

extra

cost.

248

'110 V

1.65

KW

Not

alpha-numeric.

No

internal

pro·

gram

storage.

$55,000

$1150/mo.

LGP·30

4096

words

for

data

&

program

(either

or

both)

Over

440/sec.

Over

50/sec.

11

sq.

ft.

Tape

typewriter

for

alpha-numeric

input-output

standard

equipment.

113

110V

1.5

KW

Alpha-numeric.

Complete

internal

program

stor·

age.

Standard

typewriter

keyboard.

Simplest

com·

mand

structure

of

all.

$49,500

$1100/mo.

LARGEST

CAPACITY

IN

ITS

CLASS

SPEED

EQUAL

TO

MANY

ROOM-SIZED

COMPUTERS

COMPACT,

DESK-SIZm~

COMPLETELY

MOBilE

DELIVERED

COMPLETE.

NO

ADDITIONAL

EQUIPMENT

NEEDED

TO

PREPARE

DATA.

PROGRAM

OR

REPORTS

FEWER

COMPONENTS

MEAN

LESS

MAINTENANCE,

FEWER

CHECKOUTS,

PLUGS

INTO

ANY

REGULAR

WALL

OUTLET

NO

SPECIAL

WIRING

OR

AIR-CONDITIONING

REQUIRED

EASY

TO

PROGRAM

AND

OPERATE.

LOWEST

COST

EVER

FOR

A

COMPLETE

GENERAL

PURPOSE

COMPUTER

Royal

McBee office, or write

Royal

McBee

Corporation, Data Processing Division, Port

Chester,

N.

Y.

ROYAL

MCBEE

WORLD'S

LARGEST

MANUFACTURER

OF

TYPEWRITERS

AND

MAKERS

OF

DATA

PROCESSING

EQUIPMENT

15>

AUTOMATION

COMES

TO

THE

BIBLE

Clair

M.

Cook

(Reprinted

with

permission from

"The

Christian Century,"

vol. 54, no. 30, July 24, 1957, published by Christian Century

Foundation, Chicago, Ill.)

BACK

IN

1953, Harvard scientists took a startled sec-

ond look at the tall, black-haired young man of

,;.

thirty-three-ttWhoiwas

:at;>work~in

..

the

,·inner-

sanctums

-of

their

Computation Laboratory:

..he--was

wearing a clerical collar.

A clergyman might be at home with

St.

Luke,

but

what

was he doing with their Mark IV electronic brain?

Strange

as

it may seem, Rev. John William Ellison

was

getting ready

to

introduce the two

to

each other. Event-

ually the 20th century Mark IV was to read the 1st century

Luke in the original Greek.

In

fact, the

big

computer was

to

read

311

manuscript copies of Luke in order to inform

the Harvard divinity school's doctoral candidate of every

minute variation of one from another.

It

was

to

point

out 2,000 differences in just two chapters,400

in

a span of

fifteen verses.

With

its lightning speed

it

would produce

results that would have taken lifetimes by the traditional

methods of

New

Testament scholars.

Thirty

Years to

Two

Mr. Ellison did not stop with Luke, however, nor with

Mark IV. Using Remington Rand's Univac,

he

went on

to

supervise translation of the entire Revised Standard

Version of the Bible into the machine's own private lan-

guage.

Not

only did he teach Univac to read the Bible

from the four reels of tape comprising this magnetic-dot

version,

but

with its help he has now produced a complete

1,600-page double-column concordance of the 1952 revi-

sion, sorting alphabetically and in Genesis-to-Revelation

order the 800,000 words of the Bible's 66 books, with

contexts.

It

took James Strong thirty years to make the concord-

ance for the King James Version which he published in

1894. Mr. Ellison did

it

for the

R.S.V.

in a little more

than two years, using only his regular time

off

from his

duties

as

rector of the thousand-member Church of the

Epiphany in Winchester, Massachusetts, to direct work at

Remington Rand's

New

York computing center. Thomas

Nelson & Sons, who published his concordance early this

year,

say

that the young Episcopal clergyman

is

"the

only man in the world" with expertness

in

both texts

and

technology.

The story back of these modern scriptural miracles,

so

to

speak,

is

one of persistent pursuit of an idea.

It

began

while Mr. Ellison, having completed his undergraduate

work

at

Harvard, was a student at Episcopal Theological

School

in

1945. Already familiar with the Kaine Greek

of the

New

Testament, he began

to

tutor

in

New

Testa-

ment

textual studies with

W.

H. P. Hatch, the eminent

manuscript authority.

It

was

then that he discovered with

amazement a world of plodding, laborious research, a

world of scholarship where for many years devoted men

have been sifting and searching among the thousands of

16

manuscripts of the

New

Testament scattered in libraries

all over this planet. "I was appalled,"

he

says,

"to find

~--,,,,,,people

-with

-:1:W:O

·:or."tthree)::doct{)r!s~~:degrees

:sit~ing

_ :around

catalogUing things on their fingers,

so

to

speak. 1 was sure

there must

be

some way

to

use mechanical means for the

same purpose."

To

get an idea of the importance

to

manuscript scholars

of Mr. Ellison's copyrighted Method

of

Using Digital

Computet's, let

us

look for a moment at the almost in-

superable "textual problem" of

New

Testament study.

Few people realize that the words of Luke or Paul which

they read cannot be guaranteed to be

in

every respect the

exact words these men wrote. They know, of course, that

their English Bible

is

a translation. They may know that

the

King

James Version was the production of a commit-

tee of scholars "authorized" by the Church of England,

..pllblishedllL.1611-dnring

.the....r.eign

of

James

I. They may

know that the Revised Standard Version

is

likewise an

"authorized" translation, voted by the International Coun-

cil of Religious Education

in

1937 and published in 1952.

This work, just read by Univac, employed a committee of

32

scholars for

15

years, with every change of wording

requiring two-thirds approval.

But probably few people know that back of the prob-

lem of translating the

New

Testament is the more compli-

cated problem of knowing what

to

translate. Perhaps no

two of the 4,600 known manuscripts are identical

in

every

word; certainly there are considerable, and important, dif-

ferences among many of them, and

it

is

a tremendously

complicated task to "recover" exactly the original Greek of

the authors. For even the oldest manuscripts are not in the

handwriting of Paul or Luke,

but

come from the hand of

unknown copyists a century or two later.

By

that time

they may have been copies of copies of copies, with varia-

tions of two major kinds from the originals, accidental and

deliberate. Both kinds of variations were due

in

part to

the fact that at first these books were not

"scripture"-

as

yet, only the Old Testament

was

holy

writ-and

scribes

were not

as

careful

as

they were to be later. Also, lan-

guage usages changed and meanings needed

to

be clarified.

Most serious of all, theological differences sometimes dic-

tated changes to justify an interpretation.

Thus the aim of the continuing search through moun-

tains of manuscripts has been to compile the best possible

"neutral" text. That

is

largely accomplished now. But there

are still many lesser manuscripts that it has been impos-

sible to analyze in close

detail-

for one reason, because

they are scattered about in such libraries as the Vatican, the

Bibliotheque Nationale and the British Museum; for an-

other, because their sheer bulk

is

so

formidable. Only now

.are. microfilm copies being slowly collected for a central

depository at the University of Chicago.

The

combination

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for March, 1958

HIGH-SPEED,

DYNAMIC

DI

II

L

MODULES

Build

your

high-speed comput-

ing

and

digital

control equip-

ment

with

COMPUTER

CONTROL

T-PACs,

high-

speed

dynamic

digital modules. "

, I

_.I_-~AC~

:~,

are

a transistorized

family

of

'"

~

,)

1 megacycle dynamic logical

J

circuits.

Twenty-nine

T-PACs,

::l

plus

a

transistorized

plug-in

"1

power

supply,

mount

in a

,

,~

standard

51

,4

inch

rack

panel

"

J,

space.

The

basic

LOGICAL

ELEMENT

T-P

AC, model

LE-

,j

10,

can

serve

anyone

of

a

:~

variety

of

functions,

such

as-

,{

amplifier,

inverter,

driver,

buf-

:':!

fer,

flip-flop,

counter

stage,

"~

,t

gate,

frequency

divider,

half-

/)

::!

adder,

shift

register

stage.

..

.~,

~1

LogIcal

Element

Model LE-10

...

Typical

applications

of

T-PACs

data

handling

•

control •

instrumentation

•

computing

systems

•

Write

for illustrated 16-page Catalog

T.

~

1i

d

r;

,;

,>

«"

~

s

.......

',

..

.<:,$.,

~'$

...

::·}.:r,::::sf~~'»X:::~"':;:-%1<~

800"

#1322

IRE

SHOW

COMPUTER

CONTROL

CO.

Inc.

92

Broad

St

Wellesley

57.

Mass

2251

Barry

Ave.

Los

Angeles

64.

Cal.

THE

ELE'M'E'NT

"".

OF

FREEDOM

•

II

and

the

Computer

Programmer

Freedom

is

doing what you like. Some Computer Programmers

like best to match their wits and skills against difficult program-

ming problems. This characteristic

(or

idiosyncrasy)

of

liking

complicated problems

is

one

of

the chief qualifications

of

the

programmers we need.

Those who qualify will work on the largest man-computer

system in the nation.

An

important aspect

of

the work involves

formulating novel and ingenious programs to attain maximum

use of computers.

The positions require at least one year's solid experience in

high-speed digital computer programming, plus conceptual and

logical capacities

of

a high order. A college degree, including math

through calculus, is necessary.

You are invited to write for more information

or

phone col-

lect. Address David

B.

Price, System Development Corp., 2406

Colorado Avenue, Santa Monica, Calif.; phone EXbrook 3-9411.

SYSTEM

DEVELOPMENT

CORPORATION

An

independent

nonprofit

organization,

formerly

a

division

of

the

Rand

Corporation

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION, for March, 1958 17

of

microfilm and digital computers can speed the work

of

detailed analysis by generations.

Hewing

a Road

It

was

a long and unmapped road that Ellison began to

hew through this wilderness when he set out in 1945 to

cut down on

New

Testament finger counting. For two

years he worked and experimented with punched cards.

In

the end he was forced to conclude that the big brain's

little brother, the punch-card machine, could not handle

the job.

With

his theological degree added to his Harvard

sheepskin, he returned to his native Idaho to begin the

professional life of an ordained clergyman.

Many a man might have dropped it there. But

John

Elli·

son knew he

was

on the right track. Teachers too encouraged

him to keep trying.

So

in 1950 he went back to Cambridge

to knock on the door of the keepers of Mark IV. Unlike

others who had come to them from the social sciences,

un·

certainly asking "Can you help me?

,"

here was a

man

who

stated his need with the assurance of knowledge. "I have

a problem," he said in effect, "that only your computer can

handle.

Will

you teach me to use it?"

Here

was a re-

verse switch, not dumping a problem

in

the laps of the

technicians

but

asking for the technique

to

solve the

problem.

Need

for

R.S.V. Concordance

The

logic of it, however, soon became clear to the com-

puter

scientists.

The

complexities of Ellison's problem

would have been harder for them

to

master than would

be his learning their techniques for securing answers.

If

the ordinary social scientist

was

baffied by the world of

electronic computers, the lab men were baffied by the

equally complex and technical world of Koine Greek, of

Vaticanus, Sinaiticus and Alexandrinus manuscripts, of the

Chester Beattie papyrus finds of the 1930s, and of the

search for lost

New

Testament origins. They were the

ones who needed to consult experts now. They turned to

Henry J. Cadbury of the Harvard divinity school, a mem-

ber of the R.S.V. translation committee. "Is this really

a significant study in your field?" they asked him. Dr.

Cadbury confirmed that it

was.

But even with approval for use of the computer, the

young rector faced another hurdle: finances. Surmounting

that took two more years. Then came a year of preparatory

work

in

Arizona.

At

last,

in

1953, Ellison returned

to

the

computer laboratory, and spent the next seven months

mastering the techniques of "programming" and making

the big brain work for him. Then he

was

ready to intro-

duce it to St. Luke.

In

the meantime, the complete Bible had made its ap-

pearance

in

the authorized modern-speech version. Never

has there been such a phenomenal publishing venture

as

that which launched the Revised Standard Version

in

September 1952, with more than 3,000 public celebrations

of the event.

Put

in

a single pile, the 1,100,000 copies of

the first printing would have soared 24 miles into the

stratosphere. Today the total

is

steadily climbing toward

the five million mark. Around 7,000 pulpit Bibles

in

this

translation have been sold, and some 30 denominations

are using it

in

their official church school publications.

The

need for a matching concordance has grown accordingly.

18

To

many Bible owners the concordance

is

that little

index of "helps" at the back of a copy where one can

look up "adultery" and locate the

Ten

Commandments,

or look

up

"prodigal" and find the parable.

To

a complete

concordance such

as

Mr. Ellison and Univac have now

finished, this

is

about what a vest-pocket dictionary

is

to

Webster's unabridged. Here a single word such

as

"life"

will have more than 400 listings, each with a phrase for

identification -

in

the King James beginning with Gen-

esis 2:

7,

"breathed into his nostrils the breath of life," and

running through Revelation 22: 19, "take away his part out

of the book of life."

Univac Does the Job

To

determine how well Univac could do the job, and

particularly whether it could produce adequate reference

contexts, a trial

run

of about 6,000 words -Matthew 13

and Romans 7 - pitted the machine against traditional file·

card methods. Univac rose to the occasion handsomely,

proving it could do in hours the work of weeks by the

old methods, and do

it

just

as

well.

To

translate the Bible for Univac to read, operators of

the Unityper copied every letter, numeral, word and

comma, from "In the beginning" to the "Amen" at the

end of Revelation. That took from February to November

of 1955. But even the best typist, like the scribes of old,

can make unwitting errors.

So

the complete Bible was

also translated for Univac's little punch-card brother, then

run through a card-to-tape converter.

The

four reels of

tape from each typing were compared by the machine, as

with the Luke manuscripts, showing up every discrepancy

better than any human proofreader could possibly do.

Corrections gave a final copy identical

to

the last comma

with the printed word.

In

sorting, choosing and compiling, Univac

was

told

to

pay no attention to 132 such words

as

"and,"

"is,"

"of"

and "it."

The

machine really had just two words of its

own -"yes" and "no." But it makes its decisions with the

speed of light.

It

took a fast look at each word on the

tape, decided whether to keep it or pass

it

up, and before

you could blink an eye went through eight to ten succes-

sive "yes" or "no" decisions. Dredging

up

from its fabu-

lous "memory" every successive occurrence of the same

word,

it

picked up the adjacent words between punctua-

tion marks for the needed context, alphabetized the key

words, gave the location, and spat out the results on its

automatic printer, which

is

capable of producing 600 lines

per minute.

For Strong, Young, Crud ens and other concordance mak-

ers of the past it

was

a long and weary way from Aaron

to Zichri.' But where they had to walk, Univac zoomed

with jet-age speed. Its completed copy was all

in

order

for the typesetters. Indexing the words of any book can

be done under Mr. Ellison's copyrighted system,

but

Uni·

vac

still isn't bright enough to organize a topical index.

Human brain power won't be outmoded for a while yet.

"The plans of the mind belong to man,"

says

the 'writer

of Proverbs, "but the answer of the tongue

is

from the

Lord." Univac has read the "answer of the tongue" written

by the many-voiced writers of

script~re.

But the "plans

of the mind" still belong

to

man

-,in

this case, a quiet

young man with a clerical collar, the Rev. John William

Ellison.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for March, 1958

j J

1JIo..

J V U

~

..

L.A...

ril

v

o 0 0 0 1

SHOWS

"ONES"

AND

"ZEROS."

o

Reliability

-

life

expectancy exceeds

50,000

ho'Urs

a Low Impedance

a Low Power Consumption

o

Flexibility

of

Application

o Modular units reduce systems cost

a Wide operating margins

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

TRANSISTOR·MAGNETIC

CORE

SHIFT

REGISTERS

Mack offers the most diversified line of magnetic core

components for computer and control applications. Hundreds

of operating systems prove

their

reliability. Many years

of

design and application engineering are your assurance

that

Mack can

fill

all your needs -

components-

accessories -systems engineering.

Mack's complete line

of

accessories including drivers,

input

amplifiers and mounting hardware, when used with the

above components, permits the

building

of complete

low cost systems.

Write today for complete specifications.

See

us

at Booth

#1815-17

, , " N "

~,

""

,

vu

u ....

I-

...J

~

::J

et

I-

et

I-

I.J.I

a..

Z

::J

Z '0.

~

'0.

a.>

I-

C!l

a..

~

::J

>.

::c

::J

>.

bI)

a.>

0 (i)

~

en

t::.

en

a..

C

~

.c

a.>

5

'"

>

....

e: e:

a.>

c;;

~

c;;

«Q.)'U)

Z 0

e:

0

~

E3:-

~

0

~~

E

~.~~

e:

....

e:

o-

bi)

:;:;

::I

~

e:

:3

e: -

....

o.~

.§~~

0

i~~

E '"

~c;-

a.>

a.>e:

.....

CI)(i)

~

'-'0

E

':Zo

eCi)

bI)~

c..

><>-

EO

~.3e.

....

'"

~2~

~~g

:E&~

"'''''::.:::

:E.e~

::IE

~.5

::lE

u

et

C::C::~

et:::'

u~

TRANSISTOR

-

MAGNETIC

CORE

UNITS

CTL-50 Logic 50

12

2000 15:1 18 15 100

.5-4.0

.25

l.

CTL-100 Logic 100 12 2000 15:1 25 5 100

.5-3.0

.40 4.

CTR-250

Shift

250 12 2000 15:1 30 2 100

.3-1.5

.40 7 .

Register

DIODE

-

MAGNETIC

CORE

UNITS

CDR-50

Shift

50 6 2000 10:1

Register 6 15 220

.8-7.0

2.5 67.

Shift

CDR-lOa Register 100 6 2500 8:1 10 5 200

.5-4.0

5.0 160.

CDR-500

Shift

500 6 5000 8:1 30 1 250

.15-.65

10.0 200.

Register

COL-50

Logic 50 9 1000 7:1 9 15 250

1.0-6.0

3.5 120.

CD2W-50 Two

Way

50 4 1000 7:1 9 15 250

1.0-6.0

3.5 120.

Shift

Register

*,

~axlmu~

,~ate

at

WhIC~

f,UII

operatmg,~a.rgm,s

are

stili

?~.~am~~d~"

:

z~~-

--

'j";,

,<

":.:-~~

WEST

COAST

REPRESENTATIVE

~

M B

GILBERT

CO

.

'"

I~_

1608

CENTINELA

AVE

~

..

INGLEWOOD

3.

CALIFORNIA

..

;.}CiRONI~

.~

ELECTRONICS

DIVISION

OF

MACK

TRUCKS.

INC.

1000

50.

SECOND

STREET.

PLAINFIELD.

NEW

JERSEY

19

Make Your Own Tiny Genius Computers .

..

Have

Fun

While

You

Learn

With

BRAINIAC

Small Electric Brain Construction Kit K

15

-includes all

33

Geniacs (1955), all

13

Tyniacs (1956), and 60 all new Brainiacs (1957)

FUN

-SCIENTIFIC -INSTRUCTIVE -SAFE -INEXPENSIVE

The

complete

kit

you need

to

build

over

100 baby genius electric brains

WHAT

COMES

WITH

YOUR

BRAINIAC

KIT?

Manulll on what, why and how of small electric brains, incorpo-

_ rating over 6 years of our research and study. All 33 experiments from,

our

forl!ler

Geniackit,

wi~h

ex~ct

,wiring-tem- ,

,

-'

-/)~'~"plates

,·for>·each

"one;'

,,'AlI--:13-::1!xperiments

drom.:':the

::former,~Tyniac,

kit, -also 'with 'exact-wiring

·templates.~'

uO

"entirely new

experiments (Brainiacs) with their solutions.

An

introduction

to

Boolean Algebra for designing circuits. Over 450 parts,

as

follows: 6 Multiple Switch Discs; Mounting Panel; 10 Flashlight Bulbs; 2 Multiple Socket Parts, each holding 5 bulbs;

70 Wipers, for making good electrical contact (novel design, patent applied

for);

25

Jumpers, for transfer contacts; 50

feet of Insulated Wire; Flashlight Battery; Battery Clamp and Main On-Off Switch; nuts, bolts, sponge rubber washers, hard

washers, screwdriver, spintite blade, etc.

This

kit

is

an up-to-the-minute introduction

to

the design of arithmetical, logical, reasoning, computing,

puzzle-solving~

.and

game-playing circuits -for boys, students, schools, colleges, designers.

It

is

simple enough for intelligent boys to

as-

semble, and yet

it

is

instructive even to engineers, because

it

shows how many kinds of computing and reasoning circuits

can be made from simple components. This kit is the outcome of 7 years of design and development work with Geniacs

and small robots by Berkeley Enterprises, Inc.

With

this kit and manual

you

can easily make over 100 small electric brain

machines that display intelligent behavior and teach understanding first-hand. Each one runs on one flashlight battery; all

.connections with nuts and bolts; no soldering required. (Returnable for full refund

if

not satisfactory.)

..

Price $17.95

WHAT

CAN

YOU

MAKE

WITH

A

BRAINIAC

KIT?

'---'1:.0GIC "MACHINES

Syllogism

Prover

James McCarty's Logic Machine

AND,

OR,

NOT,

OR

ELSE,

IF

...

THEN,

IF

AND

ONLY

IF,

NEITHER

. . .

NOR

Machines

A Simple Kalin-Burkhart Logical

Truth

Calculator

The

Magazine Editor's Argument

The

Rule

About

Semicolons

and

Commas

The

Farnsworth

Car

Pool

GAME-PLAYING

MACHINES

Tit-Tat-Toe I

Nim

Black Match I Sundorra

21

Frank

McChesney's

Wheeled

Bandit

COMPUTERS -to add, subtract, multiply, divide, using

decimal

or

binary numbers.

-

to

convert from decimal to

other

scales

of

notation

and

vice versa, etc.

Operating

with

Infinity

Adding

Indefinite Quantities

Factoring Any

Number

from 45 to 60

Prime

Number

Indicator

for

Numbers

1 to 100

Thirty

Days

Hath

September

Three

Day

Weekend

for

Christmas

Calendar

Good

for

Forty Years 1950

to

1989

Moner

Changing Machine

Four

by

Four

Magic Square

Character

of

Roots

of

a Quadratic

Ten

Basic Formulas

of

Integration

PUZZLE-SOLVING MACHINES

The

Missionaries and

the

Cannibals

The

Daisy Petal Machine

Calvin's Eenie Meenie

Minie

Moe

Machine

The

Cider

Pouring

Problem

The

Mysterious Multiples

of

76923,

of

369, etc.

Bruce Campbell's

Will

The

Fox,

Hen,

Corn,

and

Hired

Man

The

Uraniu:m Shipment and

the

Space Pirates

General

Alarm

at

the Fortress

of

Dreadeerie

The

Two

Suspicious Husbands

at

Great

North

Bay

The

Submarine Rescue Chamber Squalux

The

Three

Monkeys

Who

Spurned Evil

20

Signals

on

the Mango Blossom Special

The

Automatic Elevator

in

Hoboken

Timothy's

Mink

Traps

Josephine's

Man

Trap

Douglas Macdonald's

Will

'Word

Puzzle

with

TRICK

QUIZ

MACHINES

Intelligence

Test

I

Geography

Quiz

Guessing

Helen's Age

History

Quiz

Mr.

Hardstone's

Grammar

Test

Solving

Right

Triangles

SIGNALING

MACHINES

The

Jiminy

Soap Advertising Sign

The

Sign

that

Spells Alice

Tom,

Dick, and

Harry's

Private Signaling Channels

Jim's

and Ed's Intercom

CRYPTOGRAPHIC

MACHINES

Secret

Coder

I Secret Decoder

Lock

with

65,000 Combinations

Lock

with

15,000,000 Combinations

The

General

Combination Lock

Leonard's

Two-Way

Coding Machine

. . .

AND

MANY

MORE

- - -

••

- -

MAIL

THIS

REQUEST

or

a copy

of

it

Berkeley Enterprises, Inc.

815

Washington

Street, R123,

Newtonville

60, Mass.

Please send me BRAINIAC

KIT

K

15,

including manual,

instructions, over 400 parts, templates, circuit diagrams, etc.

I enclose $17.95 for the kit plus ............. .for handling and

shipping

(30c.

east of Mississippi; 80c, west of Mississippi;

$1.80, outside U.S.). I understand the kit

is

returnable in

seven days for full refund

if

not satisfactory

(if

in good

condition) .

My name and address are:

Name

...

,.,',

..

, ..........

,.,

..... ,

..

,."', .... ,',

...

"

...

, .....

,.,

..

" ....... , ..... , ......... .

Address,."',

..

" ........ , ............... ,.,, .....

,.,

...................... , ................... .

COMPUTERS and

AUTOMATION

for March, 1958

BOOKS

and

OTHER

PUBLICATIONS

(List

published

in

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION,

Vol.

7,

No.3,

March,

1958.)

WE PUBLISH HERE citations

./" : . --and,-biief ".reviews

..

of

.:.books,

articles, papers, and other publica-

tions which have a significant rela-

tion to computers, data processing,

and automation, and which have

come to

our

attention.

We

shall be

glad to report other information

in

future lists if a review copy is sent

to us.

The

plan of each entry is:

author

or

editor / title / publisher

or

issuer / date, publication process,

number

of

pages, price or its equiv-

alent / comments.

If

you

write

to a

publisher

or

issuer, we would appre-

ciate your mentioning Computers

and

Automation.

Canning,

Richard

G. /

Installing

Elec-

tronic

Data

Processing

Systems /

John

Wiley

and

Sons, Inc., 440

Fourth

Ave.,

New

York

16,

N.Y.

/ 1957,

printed,

193

pp.,

$6.00.

Mr.

Canning

has

written

an

earlier

book

("Electronic

Data

Processing

for

Business

and

Industry,"

Wiley)

dealing

with

the

use of electronic

data.processing

equipment

in

business

and

industry;

in

this

current

volume

he

tells

of

problems,

costs, and cost

controls

in

the

installation

of

that

equipment,

he describes conver-

sion

methods,

and

he

discusses

the

early

phases of actual

equipment

operation.

The

author

writes

for

the

layman.

His

work

therefore

requires

no advanced mathe-

matical

or

technical

background

of his

reader,

but

since

he

does

consider

elec-

tronic

data-processing

equipment

to be

a

"management

tool,"

his

presentation

is

everywhere

directed

to

management.

Walker,

Charles

R,

and

14

others

/

Man

and

Automation

/

The

Technology

Project,

Yale

University,

New

Haven,

Conn. / 1956,

printed,

117

pp.,

$2.00.

The

proceedings

of

a conference spon-

sored

by

the

Society'

for

Applied

Anthro-

pology

at

Yale

University

in December,

1955.

The

14

papers

presented

discuss

automation

in offices

and

factories, .lnd

points

out

fields

needing

future

research,

especially in

government,

universities,

unions, and

management.

The

chief theme

touched by all

papers

presented

at

the

conference was

the

way

in

which

men's

basic needs

or

attributes

are

affected by

automatic

machines.

[Please

turn

to

page

29)

~_

No,

..

,

COMPUTERS and

AUTOMATION,

for March, 1958

"We learned

to

use the

computer in just

·four

hours:'

Anyone who can learn to operate a desk calculator

can now use an electronic computer.

New

techniques

developed for the Bendix

G-lS

Digital Computer

make it so easy to use

that

the

fundamentals can

be

mastered in thirty minutes

...

a working knowledge of

programming in four hours or less.

The

G-lS

can

be

used

by

the

men

who

know their own problems

best, right

in

their offices

and

laboratories,

and

often

at

l/lOth

the cost of "computing center" installations.

G-15 ADVANTAGES Memory

and

speed

of

computers

costing four times as

much

•

Paper

tape

output

and

250

char/sec

paper

tape

input

at

no

added

cost • 1,200,000

words

of

magnetic

tape

memory available •

Punched

card

input-output available • Extensive library of programs

furnished • Strong users' sharing organization • Proven

reliability • Nationwide sales

and

service • Lease or purchase.

>"

....

N<~'"<..,

"',~~

...

,

...............

.;.....;.

...

w ............

"'

.....

-.;,.

<.v....~

........

DIVISION

OF

BENDIX

AVIATION

CORPORATION

Built and backed by Bendix, the G-15 is serving scores

of

progressive businesses, large and small, throughout

the

world. For the details, write

to

Bendix Computer,

Department D-2, Los Angeles 45, California.

21

INDUSTRY NEWS

NOTES

COMPUTER

INDUSTRY

NOTIFIED

OF

INFRINGEMENT

OF

MAGNETIC

CORE

PATENT

Paul Steen

Potter

Instrument Co.

Plainview

N.

Y.

Notice

to cease

infringement

of

his rights

under

patent

number 2,624,786 has been sent to leading manufac-

turers

of

digital computers

and

data processing systems

by Mr.

John

T. Potter, President,

Potter

Instrument

Company, Inc.

The

patent

held by

Potter

since 1953, will affect

the

manufacturer

of

approximately 100 million dollars

worth

of

apparatus produced by major manufacturers;

it

is

es-

timated

that

this figure will increase to about 200 mil-

lion dollars

in

1958.

The

originality

of

the

patent

is in-

dicated by the fact

that

the

patent

examiner allowed its

broad claims

in

the first action.

Virtually all

high

speed

computing

equipment pres-

ently manufactured uses an array

of

magnetic cores

for

storage

of

data;

consequently a method

of

storing

in-

formation

in

the

cores and retrieving it efficiently is re-

quired.

The

patent

covers

the

method used by most

major computer manufacturers to store information in,

and obtain

information

from, the cores.

It

is therefore

apparent

that

a large

number

of

computer manufac-

turers will be affected by the infringement notice.

Potter

evolved the process described in the

patent

dur-

ing

the

development

of

early data processing systems.

At

the present time he holds more

than

30 patents

on

Data

Processing

Equipment

including the well

known

Random Access Memory System.

Many additional patents

in

the

computer field are

held

by engineers

and

others employed by

Potter

Instrument

Company.

The

Company

is

a producer

of

peripheral

computing

equipment, including the first counter chrono-

graphs made

for

military purposes, original automation

work

in

the steel industry, and high-speed digital data

handling

equipm"ent.

IMPETUS

OF

DATA

PROCESSING

ON

COMPONENT

MANUFACTURERS

w.

W.

Stifler

Aladdin

Industries

Nashville, Tennessee

One

of

the

interesting results

of

the

rapid

growth

of

the data processing

and

automation field has been

the

impetus

it

has given to electronic component manufac-

turers.

We

are

now

spending

much effort developing

standard lines

of

components heretofore considered, by

nature, specialty items at specialty prices. I am sure you

will be interested

in

the

enclosed copy

of

the Pulse Trans-

former Encyclopedia

as

an example

of

the way we have

made

it

possible

for

a computer designer to select trans-

formers

in

the

same way a mechanical engineer

might

select gears

out

of

the

Boston Gear

Works

catalog.

Incidentally,

another

interesting development I

look

for

is this: Manufacturers

of

data processing

and

auto-

22

mation equipment,

who

5 years ago felt

that

they

had

to

set

up

facilities to manufacture components, will

turn

more and more to manufacturers who are solely com-

ponent

makers.

The

equipment manufacturer's principal

problem

is

the design, engineering, and

marketing

of

equipment.

He

will find his vestigial component opera-

tions too expensive to continue.

He

will

turn

to com-

ponent

makers

as

the data processing field becomes more

competitive,

in

order

to reduce costs and conserve the

time

of

his engineers.

LIBRARY

FOR

A

COMPUTER

When

a customer buys a $200,000

Datatron

electronic

"brain,"

he

gets

an

unusual curriculum

of

courses which

teach

the

computer its weighty ABC's

...

matrix

inver-

sion, linear regression, square root, differential equa-

tions,

and

a host

of

other

mathematical intricacies.

Secretary Patty

Brown

adds

another

course to

the

heap

of

learning which accompanies each

Datatron

computer

shipped from

the

ElectroData Division

of

Burroughs

Corporation, Pasadena, California. Inside each

box

are

coded

paper

tapes

with

thousands

of

instructions . . .

which

Datatron

learns, remembers,

and

electronically

calls

on

for

problem-solving.

This

library will

join

the

Datatron

installed

at

Celanese Corporation

of

America,

Corpus Christi, Texas.

IBM 1957 GROSS

INCOME

OVER

ONE

BILLION" DOLLARS

International Business Machines Corp. has announced,

that, according to preliminary results

for

the year 1957,

for

the first time

in

the

company's history, the gross

annual volume

of

business has exceeded one billion dol-

lars. Gross income

for

the

year 1957

from

sales, service,

and rentals

in

the

United

States amounted to

$1:~000,-

431,597, compared

with

$734,339,780

in

the year 1956.

Net

income

for

the year ended December 31, 1957,

after U.

S.

federal income taxes amounted to $89,291,-

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION for March, 1958

589.

This

is

equivalent to $7.73 a share

on

the 11,552,-

460 shares outstanding after

the

100 percent stock split

effected May

7,

1957,

and

the 1,050,223 shares

of

addi-

tional stock sold

through

the

rights offering which

ended

June

10, 1957.

The

net income after taxes

for

the year

ended December 31, 1956, was $68,784,510, equal to

$6.55 a share

on

10,502,237 shares, the number

of

shares

outstanding

December 31, 1956, adjusted

for

the

split-

up

of

May 7, 1957.

During

1956 the corporation changed its method

of

computing

depreciation for rental machines produced

since January

1,

1956,

from

the straight line to the sum

of-the-years-digits method. This change resulted in a

reduction

of

net income after taxes amounting to $11,-

438,518 for the year 1957 and $4,264,688 for the year

1956.

For the year ended December 31, 1957, the

net

in-

come

after

taxes includes $3,927,000 derived

from

the

outright

sale to customers

of

punched card accounting

and data processing machines previously

under

lease to

them.

Be Sure to Send us

Your

Entries for

THE

COMPUTER

DIRECTORY

AND

BUYERS'

GUIDE,

1958

See pages 24, ?6, 28, 30,

32

in this issue.

HUGHES

AIRCRAFT

TO

GRANT

150

FELLOWSHIPS

IN

SCIENCE

WORK

H~hes

Aircraft Company, Culver City, Calif., will

grant

master

of

science fellowships to 150 college gradu-

ates to help them pursue advanced studies

in

science and

engineering.

The

fellowships will be awarded to appli-

cants with

outstanding

scholastic records

from

universi-

ties

throughout

the nation. Inaugurated in 1952 to help

alleviate the shortage

of

top scientific talent, the Hughes

program

so far has enabled 265 students to obtain mas-

ter's degrees while

an

additional 217 are currently en-

rolled

in

the plan.

Successful candidates receive full tuition, books,

and

university fees plus salaries for part-time

work

as

mem-

bers

of

the Hughes research

and

development staff.

While

studying a half-time regular university curriculum,

they also are assigned to advanced research

in

military

and industrial electronics. Fellows selected will

work

towards masters degrees in electrical or mechanical en-

gineering

or

physics at University

of

Southern Cali-

fornia, University

of

California at Los Angeles, Cali-

fornia Institute of Technology, or University of Arizona.

Acceptance

of

Hughes

fellowships involves no obliga-

tion for

future

employmed.

Fields

of

study

in

science

and engineering are left entirely to the choice

of

the in-

dividual fellows.

Applications sent to the company

by

April

will be con-

sidered for awards

for

1958.

Send

Your

~ompntiDg

Work

to

~EIR

and

Save

Money

Steadily growing volume of work has enabled

us

to

announce two substantial reductions

in

our IBM

704 hourly rates

in

the past six months. Last De-

cember, our standard 704 hourly rate was reduced

from $475 to $390. Moreover, an hourly rate of

$350

is

now offered for a minimum usage of ten

hours in one month, or twenty hours

in

three months.

We

offer also open-end contracts, under which you

get the lowest hourly rate earned by your actual

monthly usage.

No

charge

is

made for use of 704

peripheral equipment not in excess of 704 actual

usage.

Nor

is

any charge made for related casual use

of conventional equipment.

CEIR clients have available to them a well-rounded

----------------·-----------·-1

CEIR -

1200

Jefferson Davis

Highway,

Arlington

2,

Va. I

I

o Please contact us

about

possible

computing

work.

I

o Please contact us

about

possible

programming

work.

I

o Please send

information

about

your

Computer

Services 1

Division.

Name ...................................

'"

................. ..... Title ..................... .

Organization ................................................................................ .

Address ........................................................................................ .

COMPUTERS and

AUTOMATION,

for March, 1958

704 Data Processing System provided

by

an organi-

zation devoted exclusively to research. Our computer

Services Division includes an expert staff of pro-

grammers working under the direction of William

Orchard-Hays, and qualified to handle programming

for any machine.

The

work of this Division is com-

plemented

by

our Mathematical and Statistical Serv-

ices Division, headed

by

Dr. Jack Moshman.

It

is

our policy, so far

as

possible, to meet the

actual needs of our clients in every respect.

We

should

appreciate an opportunity to discuss with you your

computing and data processing requirements. Fill

in and return the corner coupon below and you will

hear from

us

promptly.

CORPORATION FOR ECONOMIC and

INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH

1200

Jefferson

Davis

Highway,

Arlington

2,

Virginia

Dr. Herbert

W.

Robinson

President

William Orchard-Hays, Director

Computer

Services

Division

Malcolm

B.

Catlin, Vice Pres.

Dr.

Jack Moshman, Director

Mathematical and Statistical

Services Division

23·

THE

COMPUTER

DIRECTORY

AND

BUYERS'

GUIDE,

1958

-the

June

1958

issue

of

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOIMATlON

published

at

815

Washington

St., Newtonville 60,

Mass.-

There

is

no

charge

for

brief

listing

of

your

organization,

key

personnel,

and

products

The

ONE

Directory

in

the

'COMPUTER AND

DATA

PROCESSING

FIELD

- a useful

fact

book

referred

to

and

used

by

over

15,000

Computer-Minded

Readers

-

all

through

the

year

'Two

Master

Lists

For

the

fourth

year,

the

directory

will,

as

~before,

contain

two

master

lists:

Part

1,

"Roster

of

Organizations

in

the

Field

of

Computing

and

Data

Processing."

This

is

alphabetical

by

name

of

the

organization.

Part

2,

"Buyers'

Guide

to

the

Field

of

Com-

puting

and

Data

Processing:

Roster

of

Products

and

Services

for

Sale

or

Rent."

This

is classified

under

product

headings

(see

the

list

of

headings);

under

each

heading,

entries

are

alphabetical

by

name

of

company.

-Last

year's

directory

contained

ovr

790

organi-

zation

entries

and

over

1370

product

and

serv-

ice

entries;

this

year's

directory

will

be

larger

.:Still.

Each

list

contains

ordinary

entries

and

EX-

-~

ANDED BOLD

FACE

ENTRIES.

What

is

an

Ordinary

Entry?

Ordinary

entries

are

free;

they

are

brief,

and

·eondensed;

they

are

set

in

ordinary

type.

They

consist

of

one

entry

for

the

organization

in

the

"Roster

of

Organizations,"

and

an

additional

-brief listing

under

each

heading

in

the

"Roster

of

Products

and

Services."

Each

of

these

ad-

·ditional listings consists

of

the

organization's

-name only.

What

is

an

EXPANDED

BOLD

FACE

ENTRY?

These

entries

contain

some

20

to

50

words

·of description

or

more,

edited

if

necessary.

These

entries

are

set

in Bold

Face

Type.

They

consist

of

a

bold

face

entry

for

your

organiza-

-tion in

the

"Roster

of

Organizations,"

with

more

Jnformation

than

for

ordinary

entries,

and

addi-

-tional

entries

in

the

"Roster

of

Products

and

.services"

for

each

of

your

products

or

services

.

as

you

may

order.

These

additional

entries

a p-

pear

under

the

appropriate

headings

in

the

"Roster

of

Products

and

Services."

The

charge

for

each

expanded

bold

face

.

entry,

irrespective

of

the'

number

of

words,

is

$10,

payable

at

the

time

when

you

order

the

entry

-

BUT

the

$10

paid

can

be

a

credit

against

the

cost

of

your

advertising

in

the

Di-

rectory,

according

to

the

following

rule:

24

If

your

organization

takes

a full

page

of

ad-

vertising

in

"The

Computer

Directory

and

Buyers'

Guide,"

your

advertising

cost will

be

decreased

by

$10

for

each

of

your

bold

face

entries

up

to

eight

entries. Similarly,

for

a

2/3

page

or

a

112

page

of

advertising, you

will receive a

credit

of

$10

for

each

bold

face

entry

up

to

four

entries.

For

a

1/3

page

or

1~

page

of

advertising,

you will receive a

credit

of

$10

for

each

bold

face

entry

up

to

two

entries.

Please

note

also:

1.

If

you

take

advertising

space

in

the

Com-

puter

Directory,

1958,

you

are

automatically

entitled

to

a

FREE

Expanded

Bold

Face

Entry

for

your

organization

in

the

"Roster

of

Organizations."

2.

If

you wish

to

list

your

Subsidiaries, Affili-

ates,

Branches

and/or

Distributors

in

the

"Roster

of

Organizations,"

right

after

your

own

main

entry,

and

in Bold

Face

type

also,

showing

for

each:

State

........................................................... .

City ............................................................. .

Local

Address

........................................... .

Phone

No .................................................... .

Name

and

Title

of

One

Contact

............... .

you

may

do so,

at

a

charge

of

$5

per

addi-

tional

entry.

The

information

can

be

given

to

us on

any

piece

of

paper.

What

are

Examples

of

Entries

in

the

"Roster

of

Organizations"?

Here

is

an

example

of

an

ordinary

entry

as

it

might

appear

in

the

1958

directory:

ABC Company,

307

Railroad

Ave.,

Palo

Loto,

N.J.

I

EXchange

5-0000 /

J. J.

Jones,

Pres.

I S. S.

Smith,

Sales

Dir.

/ *C58

(meaning

"checked

in

1958")

Magnetic

cores.

Ms(150)

Se(1956)

DIe

RMSa

The

last.

four

abbreviations

mean

"medium

size,

150

employees;

established

a

short

while

ago,

1956;

int~rest

in

computing

field, digital,

incidental;

research,

manufacturing,

and

selling

activity

.

Here

is

an

example

of

an

EXPANDED

BOLD

FACE

ENTRY

as

it

actually

appeared

in

the

1957

Directory:

FERRANTI

ELECTRIC,

INC.,

30

Rockefeller

Plaza,

New

York

20,

N.Y.

I

CIrcle

7-0911

/

agent

for

Fer-

ranti

Electric

Ltd.,

Moston,

England,

and

Mount

Dennis,

Toronto,

Canada

/

*C

57

General

purpose

electronic

digital

computers

(Pegasus,

Mercury).

Special

purpose

data

pro-

[Please

turn

to

page

26]

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION for March, 1958

APPLIED

MATHEMATICIANS

and

NUMERICAL

ANALYSTS

OUR

rapidly expanding research program has

challenging positions open for experienced and

well-qualified personnel for work on analytical

programs in aerodynamics, dynamics and vibra-

tion,

aero

elasticity, and related

fields.

Also in-

volved

is

the development of digital computer

techniques related to the programs described

above, employing a small high-speed computer.

If

you are experienced in

any

of these areas and

seek the opportunity of working on a diversity of

industrial and military problems in both funda-

mental and applied

fields,

write to:

S.

H. SIMPSON, JR.

Assistallit Vice President, Dept. 2-5

SOUTHWEST RESEARCH

INSTITUTE

8500

Culebra

Road

San

Antonio

6, Texas

~

- - - - -

-JUST

PUBLISHEm

- - -

---1

; LOGICAL DESIGN

of

II

I

DIG

I

TAL

COM

PUT

E R S

II

I By

MONTGOMERY

PHISTER,

JR.

'1

~

.T::m.:s.::n~o-~o~l~g:

~od~c~

~n~

_____

~

DESCRIBES and interprets various techniques, using synchronous

circuit components almost entirely, and demonstrates their practical

application in the design of digital systems

by

the logical-equation

method.

The

many simple, yet pertinent examples of how to use

these techniques enables you to apply them readily to other comput-

ing configurations.

You will find these detailed discussions especially valuable:

•

The

Veitch

Diagram

method

of

simplification

of

Boolean equations.

•

The

"difference-equation"

approach

to

memory ele-

ments.

•

The

Huffman-Moore

model

of

digital

systems.

•

The

complete solutions

to

flip-flop in-

put

equations.

•

The

systematic

method

for complete

computer

design.

1958 408 pages Illus. $10.50

Order

your

ON-APPROVAL

copy

TODAYl

JOHN

WILEY

& SONS, Inc. CA-38

440 Fourth Ave.,

New

York 16, N.Y.

Please

send

me

a

copy

of

LOGICAL

DESIGN

of

DIGITAL

COMPUTERS

to

read

and

examine

ON

APPROVAL.

In

10

days

I

will

return

the

book

and

owe

nothing,

or

I

will

remit

$10.50,

plus

postage.

Name

.................................................•

Address.

"

...

,

.....

,

....

"

........................

"

..

,

City

....

,

..............

Zone....

State

...............

.

o

SAVE

iPOSTAGE!

Check

here

if

you

ENCLOSE

payment,

in

which

case

we

pay

the

postage.

Same

return

privilege,

of

course.

'1

I

r

I

I;

l

r

___________________

___

J.

more and more people are thinking of Aladdin as

the

standard of

the

electronic industry

in

pulse transformers

ALADDIN:

• supplies

an

Encyclopedia

of

pulse circuits, specifications,

terminology

and

available

styles;

• makes

micro-miniature

(transistor

size)

units;

• offers a comprehensive

product

line

• sells

standard,

commercial units,

at

mass-production prices.

A Division

of

Aladdin Industries, Inc.

722 Murfreesboro Road, Nashville

2,

Tenn.; Tarrytown, N. Y.; Pasadena, Calif.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

25-

[Continued from page 24)

cessing

systems.

High

speed

tape

readers.

Mag-

netic

drums.

Digital

storage

delay

lines.

Ls

(12,-

000

including

associated

companies)

Le(1896)

DAle

RMSa

FERRANTI

LIMITED,

Computer

Centre,

21

Portland

Place,

London

WI,

England

I

Langham

9211

Computer

and

information-handling

centre.

Ls

(600)

Se(1953)

DAc

RPCa

FERRANTI

ELECTRIC

LTD.,

Mount

Dennis,

Toronto,

On

t.,

Canada

Digital

computers;

magnetic

drums.

DIe

RMSa

In

the

1958

directory,

the

names

of

two

ex-

ecutives

and

their

titles

will also

appear,

if

the

company

desires it.

What

are

Examples

of

Entries

in

the

"Roster

of

Products

and

Services"

or

"Buyers'

Guide"?

Here

are

two

examples

of

EXPANDED BOLD

FACE

ENTRIES

from

the

1957

Computer

Di-

rectory

(and

the

headings

under

which

they

appeared)

:

54.

RELAYS

(COMPUTER

TYPES)

AUTOMATIC

ELECTRIC

COMPANY,

Northlake,

III.

I

relays

(telephone-type)

/

DESCR:

small

size,

light

weight,

twin

contact

springs,

very

resistant

to

vibra-

tion,

humidity,

and

extremes

of

temperature

/

USE:

standard

screw

mounting;

some

are

available

with

special

mounting

for

tin-dipped

printed

circuit

cards,

or

mounted

on

regular

octal-type

or

industrial

plugs.

Wired

or

unwired

/

$3

to

$8;

hermeticallly

sealed

at

approximately

twice

as

much

I

54

20.

DIGITAL

COMPUTERS

INTERNATIONAL

BUSINESS

MACHINES

CORP.,

590

Madison

Ave.,

New

York

22,

N.Y.,

and

elsewhere

I

IBM

604

Electronic

Calculating

Punch

/

DESCR:

a

1400

tube

general-purpose

computer

that

reads

problem

data

from

IBM

punched

cards

at

a

constant

speed

of

6,000

cards

per

hour

and

can

go

through

as

many

as

60

separate

steps

to

obtain

the

solution

to

a

single

problem

I

USE:

the

604

is

widely

used

in

science,

engineering,

and

business

/

Monthly

rental

is

$550

and

up.

Selling

price

is

$33,850

and

up

I

20

Here

are

two

examples

of

ordinary

entries

from

the

1957

Computer

Directory:

(and

the

heading

under

which

they

appeared)

:

32.

MAGNETIC

HEADS

Brush

Electronics

Co. I

magnetic

heads

/ 32

Wharf

Engineering

Labs.,

England

/

magnetic

heads'·

I 32

Who

will

see

"The

Computer

Directory

and

Buyers'

Guide,

1958"?

"The

Computer

Directory

and

Buyers' Guide,

1958"

goes

as

the

June

1958

issue

of

"Com-

puters

and

Automation"

to

all

subscribers

to

the

magazine.

The

February

issue

had

about

3900

subscribers.

We

have

evidence

that

each

copy

on

the

average

has

about

3

or

4

readers,

so

that

each

issue

reaches

over

15,000

computer

minded

people.

The

print

order

for

the

June

issue,

the

Com-

puter

Directory, will

we

expect

be

5500

or

6000,

copies.

How

can

I

see

the

entries

we

put

into

last

year's

directory?

Probably

COMPUTERS and

AUTOMATION

for

June

last

year

is in

the

technical

library

in

your

organization,

or

in some

library

nearby.

Besides

this

source, we

have

set

aside

300

copies

of

last

year's

directory

to

send

out

on

request

to persons

making

entries

for

this

year's

di-

rectory.

If

you

request

a copy,

telling

us

your

organization

and

title,

we

will

send

you one,

on a first-come-first-served basis,

as

long

as

the

300

copies last.

What

do

I

do

to

get

our

entries

into

the

Directory?

Fill

in

the

entry

forms

(use

any

paper)

and

send

them

back

to us SOON,

along

with

double-

spaced

typewritten

copies

of

the

EXPANDED

BOLD

FACE

ENTRIES

that

you desire

for

your

products

and

services,

and

your

check

for

these

entries.

(Your

organization

is

described

in

the

report

on

the

front

page

of

this

questionnaire.)

Below is

the

style

for

a

"Product

or

Service

Entry"

(it

may

be

copied on

any

piece

of

paper)

and

pages

6

and

7

of

this

questionnaire

form

repeat

it.

ORGANIZATION

ENTRY

FO'RM,

COMPUTER

DIRECTORY

1958

(may

be copied

on

any

piece

of

paper)

1.

Organization

Name?

.......................................................................................................................... .

2.

Street

Address?

.................................................................................................................................... .

3. City, Zone,

State?

.................................................... 4.

Telephone

Number?

............................... .

5.

BRIEF

DESCRIPTION

OF

YOUR

PRODUCT

LINES AND SERVICES: ................................... .

Under

what

headings

should

they

be

listed?

(Please

look

in

the

list

of

headings,

and

copy

heading

numbers.)

6.

Types

of

Your

Activity:

( )

Research

( )

Manufacturing

( ) Selling ( ) Consulting

Other

(describe)

.................................................................................................................................. .

7.

Approximate

Number

of

Your Employees? .............. 8.

Year

Established?

.................. ..

9.

Free

Listings

for

two

of

your

executives?

Name

....................................

Title

............................

..

10. This

data

supplied

by

......................................

Name

.................................... Title ............................. .

(signature)

Name

....................................

Title

............................. .

11. ( ) $10 enclosed

for

this

if

it

is

to

be

an

Expanded

Bold

Face

Entry.

Send

to

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION,

815

Washington

St., Newtonville 60, Mass.,

to

arrive

before

April

25,

1958.

[Please turn to page 28)

26 COMPUTERS

alld

AUTOMATION for

Marclil,

1958

Readers'

and

Editor'

s

Forum

(Continued

from page 6J

WEDNESDAY

AFTERNOON

Computers

and

Control

Waldorf-Astoria, Sert Room

A Preventive Maintenance Program for Large General

Purpose Electronic Analog Computers,

R.

P.

Sykes.

The

TRICE-

A High-Speed Incremental Computer,

S.

Ruhman and

J.

M. Mitchell.

Digital Moon Radar Antenna Programmer with Analog

Interpolator Servo,

O.

A. Guzmann.

A Balanced Precision Reference Regulator for Computer

Application, D.

A.

Noden.

A Solid-State Analog-to-Digital Conversion Device, M.

Palevsky.

J-Axis Translation of Transfer Functions,

J.

L.

Ryerson.

THURSDAY

MORNING,

MARCH

27

Magnetics

and

Computers

Waldorf-Astoria, Starlight Roof

A High-Speed n-pole, n-position Magnetic Core Matrix

Switch, A.

L.

Lane and

A.

T urczyn.

Apertured Plate Memory: Operation and Analysis.

W.

J.

Haneman,

J.

Lehmann, and

C.

S.

Warren.

Molecular Storage and Read-Out with Microwaves,

C.

H.

Becker,

R.

L.

Pierce, and

J.

R.

Martin.

Calculation of Flux Patterns in Ferrite Multipath Core

Structures,

S.

A. Abbas and D.

L.

Critchlow.

Logic by Ordered Flux Changes in Multipath Ferrite Cores,

N.

F.

Lockhart.

Flux Responsive Magnetic Heads for Low-Speed Read-Out

of Data,

L.

W. Ferber.

Data

Reduction

and

Recording

New

York

Coliseum, Morse

Hall

Instrumentation for Recording and Analysis of Audio and

Sub audio Noise, D. D. Howard.

A Xerogr2.phic Cathode-Ray Tube Recorder, H. H. Hunter,

O.

A. Ullrhh, and

L.

E.

If/

alkup.

Theory of Magnetography,

S.

J.

Begun.

Applications of Magnetography to Graphic Recording,

J.

B.

Gehman.

A Shaft Position Digitizer System of High Precision,

L.

G.

deBey and

R.

C.

Webb.

A High-Precision Digital Shaft Position Indicator, D. H.

Raudenbush.

CENTRAL

OHIO

ASSOCIATION

FOR

COMPUTING

MACHINERY

-SECOND

ANNUAL

SYMPOSIUM-

COLUMBUS,

OHIO,

MARCH

29, 1958

The

Central Ohio Association for Computing Machin-

ery will hold its Second Annual Symposium Saturday,

March 29, 1958,

on

the campus

of

the Ohio State Uni-

versity, Columbus, Ohio.

The

subject

of

the Symposium

is

"Recent Advances in

Programming

Methods."

The

speakers include: Dr.

H.

R.

J. Grosch,

IBM;

Dr.

John

Mauchly, Sperry

Rand;

Dr.

Everett

C.

Yowell, National Cash Register; Mr.

Frank Engel, Westinghouse Electric; Mr. J. H. Wegstein,

National Bureau

of

Standards; and Dr.

John

W.

Carr,

III, University of Michigan.

(Please

turn

to page 34J

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

CLARE

Type F

RELAY

SPECIFICATIONS

-65°

C to +125° C.

Ambient

Temperat~r.~

..

:

::

'.50

Gs

for

11

mllllsecond:;cursion

of

Yo.lnch,

Shock.

..

.. ..

. 5.75

cps

at maxlmu"!cceleratlon.

Vibration

...............••.

75-2000

cps

at

20

Gs between terminals

Sea

level-1ooo volts

rm~

adjacent circuits;

Dielectric Strength

......•.

and frame, and

tbet:;~ontacts

of

a set. At

o volts rms be

we

1~

000

ft.

350

volts rms. ° C

oOOme~ohmsmlnlmumat12.5

• f r a wide

Insulation Resistance

•..•..

~ollS

up to

10,000

Oh~~:~~~able

0

Colis

....................

· range oIVoltageS or c

r

250

mllll

watts.

Nominal Operating powe

.,

3.5

milliseconds nominal.

Pickup Time

..............

1.5 milliseconds nominal.

Dropout Tlme

......

·i·

....

2 pdt(2 form C).

It

d.c or

115

volts

Contact Arrangemen

......

3

amps

resistive

tt

2~

a~opl~catlons.

contact

Rating

...

'

....

,

...

a.c; also for low' eve

0.050

ohm maximum.

um

at 2 amps;

Contact Resistance

•.....•

,

500

000

operations

mInIm

um

at 3 amps.

contact

Life

...

······•···

'100',000

operations m

~I~

d with

dry

nitrogen

Hermetically

sealed~s~r~.

Enclosure

..

,

..

'

...•.•...•

, at 1 atmosphere pre gements available.

All

popular mounting

arr~n

lug.

ln

(matching

Mounting

......•...•......

Printed circuit;

sol~e~io~s

of

prlnted·clrcult

Terminals

...•.•

·•·········

socket available).

Var

1i10-lnch grid spacing

terminal length on

available.

11

grams. C except

as

to con-

Weight

...................

MIL.R.25018;

MIL.R·5757

,

Military

Specifications

.....

tact

overload.

These could be the

MOST IMPORTANT

RELAY

"SPECS"

you

ever

read

I

Here is a relay admirably

geared

to

the

needs of

today's

advanced circuit

designers. Hermetically

sealed-no

bigger

than

a

postage

stamp-stalwart

to

withstand

extremes of

temperature, heavy shock

and

severe vibration

-yet

fast

and

more

than

moderately sensitive.

For

complete

information

SEND

FOR

BULLETIN

124.

Address:

C.

P.

Clare

& Co., 3101

Pratt

Blvd.,

Chicago

45,

Illinois.

In

Canada:

C.

P.

Clare

Canada

Ltd.,

2700

Jane

Street,

Toronto

15.

Cable

Address:

CLARELAY.

27

[Continued

from page

26}

PRODUCT

OR

SERVICE

ENTRY

FORM,

COMPUTER

DIRECTORY

1958

(may

be

copied

on

any

piece

of

paper

-

use

a

separate

sheet

for

each

product

or

service)

1.

Name

and

Address

of

Organization?

.................................................................................................

..

2.

Name

or

Identification

of

Product

or

Service?

.................................................................................... .

3.

Description?

........................................................................................................................................... .

4.

Uses?

...................................................................................................................................................... .

5.

Price

Range?

.......................................................................................................................................... .

6.

Under

what

Headings

should

this

be

Listed?

(Please

look in

the

list

of

headings;

copy

heading

number.)

.................................................................................................................................................. .

7. ( ) $10

enclosed

for

this

if

it

is

to

be

an

Expanded

Bold

Face

Entry.

Send

to

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION,

815

Washington

St., Newtonville 60, Mass.

to

arrive

before

April

25, 1958.

THE

COMPUTER

DIRECTORY

AND

BUYERS' GUIDE,

1958

LIST

OF

HEADINGS

Below

and

on

the

are

listed

head-

ings

for

products

and

services

for

sale

or

rent

in

the

field

of

computing

and

data

process-

ing.

These

headings

will be

included

or

covered

in

the

"Buyers'

Guide

to

the

Computer

Field:

Products

and

Services

for

Sale

or

Rent."

Please

note

that

some

products

are

included

under

more

than

one

heading.

Please

list

all

classifications in

which

your

products

belong.

If

you do

not

find a

heading

you

like,

please

word

your

own

heading

and

write

it

on

the

entry

form.

There

is NO

CHARGE

for

listing

your

or-

ganization's

name

under

each

heading

where

it

should

be

listed.

A:

Adding

Machines

Addressing

Machines

Amplifiers ........... .

-

Magnetic

Analog

Computers

(SEE Com-

puters,

Analog)

Automatic

Assembly

Equipment

Automatic

Control

Equipment

B:

Boards

-

Plotting

-Plug

-

Strip

Type

--

Al

--

A2

--A3

--A4

--

A5

--

A6

--

Bl

--

B2

--

B3

--

B4

Bobbins, Coil

Winding

Boxes -

Metal,

Plastic

proof

or

Water-

Breadboard

Kits

C:

Cable

28

Cable

Assemblies

Cameras

........... .

-

Data

Recording

Capacitors

(Computer

Types)

--B5

--B6

--

Cl

--

C2

--

C3

--

C3A

--

C4

Cards

(SEE Also

Punch

Cards)

-Punch

-

Magnetic

Chassis -

Metal

Circuits ........... .

C5

C6

C7

C8

-

Arithmetical

(for

Digital

Computers)

-

Computer,

Packaged

C9

--

CI0

-Logical

(for

Digital

Com-

puters)

-

Plug-in

-Potted

-Printed

Clutches

........... .

-

Magnetic

Coatings

........... .

-Conductive

-

Protective

-

Salt

Spray

Resistant

Coils

(Computer

Types)

Communications

Systems (Com-

puter

Types)

Computers,

Analog

Computers,

Digital

Computers,

Test

Equipment

Computer

Components

(SEE

ALSO specific

types)

Computing

Services ........... .

-

Digital

Connectors

Consulting

Services

Controls ........... .

-

Automatic

-

Signaling

-

Sorting

and

Counting

[Please

turn

to page

30}

--

CII

--

CI2

--

C13

CI4

CI5

CI6

CI7

CI8

CI9

C20

C21

C22

C23

C24

C25

C26

C27

C28

C29

C30

C31

C32

C33

C34

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION

for March, 1958

Books

and

Other

Publications

[Continued from page 21]

Kunz, Kaiser

S.

/ Numerical Analysis /

McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 330

West

42nd St.,

New

York

36,

N.Y.

/ 1957,

printed, 381 pp., $8.00.

Mr. Kunz, a research physicist,

pro·

poses here to "develop a fundamental un-

derstanding of the use of finite difference

methods in obtaining numerical solutions

to problems" in applied mathematics.

He

stresses especially computation procedures

which can be programmed for electronic

digital computers.

The

numerical solu-

tions of ordinary and partial differential

and integral equations are described,

finite-difference tables and notations are

treated.

The

author developed the book

from a series of lectures for a graduate

student course given at Harvard, intended

to train men for the design and use of

electronic computers.

The

book pre-

supposes a knowledge of calculus and

differential equations.

Susskind, Alfred K., editor, and others /

Notes

on

Analog-Digital Conversion

Techniques /

The

Technology Press,

Massachusetts Institute

of

Technology,

Cambridge 39, Mass. / 1957, photo-

offset, about 412 pp., $10.

The

material presented here was pre-

pared for use at the Massachusetts Insti-

tute of Technology 1957 Special Summer

Session for Analog-Digital Conversion

i~~~~:;~~~~~'i',

::,~,:~E1:!.!::,~±llJ

PLAN

FOR

THE

fUTURE!

investigate

AUTOMATION

SHARES

r

INC.

A

Mutual

FUlld

A mutual fund whose ob-

jective is possible growth of

capital and income through

investment

in

the securities of

automation companies.

See your investment broker or fill

out coupon for information.

..........................

AUTOMATION

SHARES

MANAGEMENT CORP.

734

Fifteenth

Street,

N.

W.

Washington,

D.

C.

Please send me a prospectus.

Name:

...••••••.•..•.••••••

Address:

General

Insurance

of

America

tested

• • •

and

picked ullciiotap.e

Chief

Engineer

cites

type EP A

udiotape

for

C'C'dustjree

coating,

uniform signal output.

..

high

precision"

WHEN

General

Insurance

Company

of

America

bought

four

Electro-

data

tape

transports

18

months

ago, they

knew

one

thing:

their

computing

system

should

have

the

finest

magnetic

recording

tape

available.

It

was

decided

that

the

best

way to

make

the

final decision

was to test.

The

tests

started

immediately.

Every

nationally

known

make

of

magnetic

recording

tape

was

used

on

the

transports

for

at

least

a

month.

The

result

was

clear;

type

EP

Audiotape

was

chosen.

As

D.

G.

Jessup,

Chief

Engineer

of

General's

Computing

Depart-

ment,

wrote

in

a

letter

to

Audio

Dev-ices, "To

obtain

the

optimum

reliability

and

performance

from

our

computing

system we

need

the

oxide

dust-free

coating,

uniform

signal

output

level

correct

in

both

directions

of

travel,

and

high

precision

reels

which you

supply.

Keep

up

the

good

work!"

The

extra

precision

Mr.

Jessup

found

in

type

EP

Audiotape

is

not

a

matter

of chance.

Rather

it

is

the

result

of

meticulous

selection

and

inspections

that

start

when

the

master

rolls of

base

materials

are

examined

for

uniformity.

The

quality

control

is

continued

through

the

manufacturing

process,

ending

only

when

the

tape

is

checked

by

a

defect

counter,

rejects

discarded,

and

the

defect-free

tape

packed

in

sealed

containers.

This

high

standard

of

control

is

backed

up

by

our

guarantee

that

every

reel

of

type

EP

Audiotape

is

defect-free.

For more information on

type

EP

AUDIOTAPE,

write

for

Bulletin

Tl12A.

Write

to

Box

TA,

Audio Devices, 444 Madison

Ave.,

New

York

22,

N.Y.

AUDIO

DEVICES,

INC.,

444

Madison Ave., New York

22,

N.

Y.

Offices in Hollywood

and

Chicago

Export Dept.:

13

East

40th

St., New York 16.

N.

Y.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

29"

{Continued

from page 28]

Converters,

Electrical

............ C35 -Electronic

--

M5

-

High

Frequency

C36

-Frequency

--

M6

-Low

Frequency

C37 -Servo

--

M7

-

Power

Frequency

C38

0:

Office Machines

--

01

Converters,

Information

............ C39 P:

Panels

............

--

PI

-

Analog

to

Digital

C40

-Jack

--

P2

-

Card

to

Magnetic

Tape

C4l

-Relay

Rack

--

P3

-

Card

to

Paper

Tape

C42

Paper

Tape

--

P4

-Computing C43

Patch

Cords

--

P5

-Digital

to

Analog

C44

Plotters

(SEE ALSO

Boards-

-Magnetic

Tape

to

Card

C45

Plotting)

--P6

-Magnetic

Tape

to

Paper

Potentiometers

(Computer

Types)

--

P7

Tape

C46

Power

Supplies -

Regulated

--

P8

-

Paper

Tape

to

Card

C47

Printers

............

--

P9

-

Paper

Tape

to

Magnetic

-

High

Speed

--

PIO

Tape

C48 -

Keyboard

--

Pll

Cords C49 -Line-a-time

--

P12

Cores ............ C50

Publications

............

--

P13

-Ferrite

C5l

-Book

Publishers

--

P14

-Magnetic C52 -

Magazines

--

P15

Counters ............ C53 R:

Readers

............

--

Rl

-Electronic C54 -

Character

--R2

-Frequency

C55 -Magnetic

Card

--R3

-Mechanical C56 -Magnetic

Tape

--

R4

-

Proportional

C57 -Mechanical

--

R5

Courses

by

Mail

(Computer

-

Paper

Tape

--

R6

Field)

C58 -

Photoelectric

--R7

D:

Data

Processing

Machinery

(SEE

-Punch

Card

--R8

ALSO specific

types)

--

Dl

Recording

Papers

--R9

Data

Recording

Equipment

(SEE Rectifiers

--

RIO

ALSO

Input/Output

devices) D2 Registers,

Shift

--

Rll

Delay

Lines

(Computer

Types)

--

D3 Relays

(Computer

Types)

--

R12

Desk

Calculators D4 Resistors

--

R13

Dials D5 Resolvers ............

--

R14

Differential

Analyzers

--

D6 -Coordinate

Transform

--

R15

Diodes

(Computer

Types)

............

--

D7 -

Product

--

R16

-

Germanium

--

D8 -Sine-Cosine

--

R17

-Power

--

D9 Robots

--

R18

-Silicon

--

DIO

s:

Scanners

--

Sl

Discs, Magnetic

--

Dll

Semiconductors

--

S2

Drums, Magnetic

--

D12

Simulators

--

S3

E:

Education

(see also courses)

--

El

Storage

Systems ............

--S4

Embedded

Assemblies

and

Compo- -Magnetic

--

S5

nents

--E2

Switches ............

--

S6

F: Facsimile

Equipment

--

Fl

-Stepping

--

S7

Fasteners

and

Fastening

Devices

--F2

Synchros

--

S8

Fire

Control

Equipment

--

F3

T:

Tachometers

--

Tl

G:

Generators,

Function

--

Gl

Tape

Handlers

--

T2

-Electronic

--

G2

Tape,

Magnetic

............

--

T3

-Mechanical

--

G3 -

Filing

Systems

--

T3A

Geophysical

Apparatus

--

G4

-Readers

--T4

.H:

Heads,

Magnetic ............

--

HI

-

Recorders

--

T5

-Reading

--

H2

Tape,

Paper

............

--

T6

-Recording

--H3

-

Filing

Systems

--

T7

.I:

Indicators

(Computer

Types)

--

II

-Punches

--

T8

Information

Retrieval

Devices

--

12

-Readers

--

T9

Input/Output

Devices

--

13

Telemetering

Systems

--

TIO

Integrators

............

--

14

Terminals

--

TIl

-Electronic

--

15

Transformers

............

--

T12

-Mechanical

--

16

-

Pulse

--

T13

Inventory

Systems

--

17

Transistors

............

--

T14

..J:

Jacks

--

Jl

-

Germanium

--

T15

K:

Keyboards

--

Kl

-Silicon

--

T16

Translating

Equipment

--

T17

.M:

Magnets

--Ml

Typewriters,

Electric, Controlled

--

T18

Memory Systems M2 Tubes, Electronic

--

T19

Multipliers ............

M3

V: Visual

Output

Devices

--VI

-Diode

--

M4

[Please

turn

to page 32]

30

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION

for March, 1958

Books

and

Other

Publications

[Continued

from page

29]

Techniques.

All

material

is

treated

in

de-

tail,

but

"is aimed

primarily

at

readers

who

have been away

from

formal

aca-

demic

work

for some

time

and

who

have

little

previous knowledge

of

the

field."

The

authors

discuss systems aspects

of

digital-information-processing

which

in-

fluence the specifications

for

analog-digi-

tal conversion devices; they

present

de-

tailed

analyses

and

evaluations of such

devices; they discuss

in

detail

a case

study

of

work

done at

the

Servomechan-

ism

Laboratory

of

MIT's

Department

of

Electrical Engineering.

Ample

illustra-

tions clarify the text.

Newton,

George

c.,

Leonard

A.

Gould,

and

James

F.

Kaiser

/ Analytical

De-

sign

of

Linear Feedback

Controls

/

John

Wiley

& Sons, Inc., 440

Fourth

Ave.,

New

York

16,

N.Y.

/ 1957,

printed,

419

pp.,

$12.

This

is

an

important

book, presenting

analytical techniques

for

solving

"prac-

tical

control

problems."

The

text

is

written

for

scientists

and

engineers

who

have had

graduate

training,

or

for

grad-

uate

students

who

are

studying

advanced

work

in

feedback

control

theory.

The

authors explain that by analytical design,

they mean

"the

design

of

control

systems

by

application

of

the

methods

of

mathe-

matical analysis to idealized

models"

rep-

resenting physical

equipment.

They

point

out

that

other

textbooks

on

the

subject

of

feedback control actually

present

trial-

and-error

methods

of

design procedure,

since they discuss

numerous

ways

of

mod-

ifying parameters,

under

the

designer's

control,

for

improved

system response.

Such

trial

and

error

design

in

no way

guarantees

performance

demanded

by spe-

cifications.

The

analytical design

method,

on

the

other

hand,

starts

with

the

speci-

fications

and

proceeds directly to the

compensation needed

for

the

specified

performance index.

The

book

is well-

illustrated.

It

contains a

valuable

glos-

sary, a bibliography,

and

several useful

mathematical appendices.

Pyke,

Magnus

/

Automation:

Its

Pur-

pose

and

Future

/

Philosophical

Li-

brary

Inc.,

15

East

40th

St.,

New

York

16,

N.Y.

/ 1957,

printed

(in

Great

Britain),

191

pp.,

$10.

Mr.

Pyke discusses

automation

in

mass-production industries,

in

businesses,

and

in

everyday living.

He

defines

and

debates its social effects

and

possibilities,

expressing an optimistic

viewpoint

of

those possibilities.

He

also discusses at

some

length

the

problems

arising from

accumulating

hours

of

leisure

for

the

working

man, as

automation

reduces the

working-hour

week

from

six to five

and

from five to

four

days.

The

book

is in-

teresting

and

informative

for

the

layman

who

wishes to

learn

about

automation-

its definitions

and

implications

in

his

living.

Singer,

Bertrand

B. / Basic Mathematics

for

Electricity,

Radio

and

Television

/

McGraw-Hill

Book

Co., Inc., 330

West

42nd St.,

New

York

36,

N.Y.

/ 1957,

printed,

513

pp.,

$5.75.

A practical basic

and

refresher course

and

textbook

in

mathematics

of

electricity,

radio,

and

television fields

for

skilled

workers.

The

method

of

presentation

on

a

"job"

basis,

with

examples

of

job ap-

plications, and reviews of principles,

makes

the

text clear

to

its intended

readers.

Good

diagrams, illustrations,

and

problems

are

provided.

Contents in-

clude: electrical

measurements:

elec-

trical energy, electrical power, resistance,

capacitance,

parallel

and series A-C cir-

cuits,

and

A-C

power.

IRE

National

Convention

Record, 1957

/

Institute

of

Radio Engineers, Inc.,

1 East 79th St.,

New

York

21,

N.Y.

/

1957, photo-offset, 179

pp.,

$4.00

to

members, $12.00

to

non-members.

Contains

30

papers

concerned

with

computers,

automatic

control, and medi-

cal electronics.

These

papers

were

pre-

sented

at

the IRE

National

Convention

in

New

York,

March

18-21, 1957,

during

sessions on

non-linear

control

systems,

automatic

control

in

general, medical elec-

tronics,

digital

computers, analog com-

puters,

and

computers

in

simulation, data

reduction

and

control.

Bratten, F.

W.

/

Dynamic

System Studies:

Analog

Computation

/

Wright

Air

De-

velopment

Center, U.S.

Air

Force,

Wright-Patterson

Air

Force Base,

Ohio,

distributed

by

Office

of

Technical

Services, U.S.

Dept.

of

Commerce,

Washington

25,

D.C.

/ 1956,

photo-

offset, 69

pp.,

cost $2.00.

A

report

on

electronic differential an-

alyzers

and

their

applications to flight

simulation

problems,

where

the

analyzers

must

solve systems

of

"high

order

linear

and

nonlinear

equations

that

represent

the aerodynamics, guidance,

and

control

systems

of

a missile

or

aircraft," at a

real-time rate. Recent

analog

computers

are described

and

discussed.

AUTOMATIKA I

TELEMECHANIKA

December,

1957

FOLLOWING

are citations

of

the

papers appearing in the December,

1957 issue (Vol. 18,

No.

12)

of

Automatika i T elemechanika ( Auto-

matics and T elemechanics) , published

by the Academy N AUK, Moscow,

U.S.S.R. Each item ordinarily con-

sists

of:

author / title / page.

In

some cases, the item includes all or

part

of

the

summary

of

the paper

(each paper is

printed

in

the journal

with

both

a Russian and an English

summary).

Kilin, F. M. /

Transient

and

steady pro-

cesses

in

pulse

systems

with

step vari-

ables /

The

paper

deals

with

deter-

mination

of

transient

and

steady pro-

cesses

in

pulse

systems

with

step vari-

ables.

To

describe

phenomena

in

such

systems step functions are used

together

with

continuous

functions. / 1061

[Please

turn

to

page

33}

COMPUTERS and

AUTOMATION,

for March, 1958

are

you

going

•••

With.

~.~

CONNECTORS

CANNON

RECOMMENDS

Schweber

AS

THE

ANSWER

K

SERIES

K-22C

SK-M7-32S

_~"-DPD

W

..

5El!IU.

SUB;

,

MlNIAfUllll

D

BUY

CANNON

DIRECT

FROM

SCHWEBER

SEND

FOR

LATEST

BULLETIN

Schweber

ELECTRONICS

60

HERRICKS

ROAD -

MIN£OLA,

L I • N

Y.

PIONUR

6·/)520

{Continued

from page 30]

THE COMPUTER

DIREC~ORY

AND

BUYERS' GUIDE, 1958

WE

INVITE

YOU

to

join

these

distinguished

organizations

who

took

advertising

space

and

lor

expanded

product

entries

in

"The

Computer

Director

and

Buyers'

Guide,

1957."

Adalia

Computations,

Ltd.

Adalia,

Ltd.

Addressograph-Multigraph

Corp.

AEC

Computing

Facility

Airborne

Instrument

Laboratories,

Modac Div.

Aladdin

Electronics

Allegheny

Instrument

Company, Inc.

R.

C.

Allen

Business

Machines, Inc.

,Allies'

Products

Corp.

Alwac Corp.

,American

Electronics,

Inc.

,American

Machine

and

Foundry

Co.

Amperite

Co., Inc.

Ampex

Corp.

Amphenol

Electronics

Corp.

Andersen

Laboratories

"The

Arnold

Engineering

Company

Atlas

Precision

Products

Co.

Audio

Devices,

Inc.

'The

Austin

Company

Automatic

Electric

Company

Automatic

Engineers

Co.

Autonetics,

a Div.

of

No.

American

Aviation,

Inc.

Bank

of

America

National

Trust

and

Savings

Assoc.

Beckman

Instruments,

Inc.,

Systems

Div.

Bell

Aircraft

Corp.

'Bendix A

viati6n

Corp.

-Bendix

Aviation

Corp.,

Research

Laboratories

Div.

Bendix

Computer

Div.,

Bendix

Aviation

Corp.

.Berkeley

Division,

Beckman

Instruments,

Inc.

'The

Bristol

Company

British

Tabulating

Machine Co.,

Ltd.

Bryant

Gage

and

Spindle

Division

Burlingame

Associates,

Ltd.

Burndy

Corp.

Business

Electronics,

Inc.

Canning,

Sisson &

Associates

CBS-Hytron

C.

P.

Clare

and

Company

-Computing Devices

of

Canada,

Ltd.

Control

Instrument

Co., Inc.

'Council

for

Economic

&

Industry

Research

~ubic

Corp.

-Cudahy

Publishing

Company

Datamatic

Corp.

Data

Processing

Digest

'The

Datics

Corp.

Daystrom

Systems

John

Diebold & Associates,

Inc.

Donner

Scientific

Company

Ebasco

Services,

Inc.

Electralab,

Inc.

Electrodata

Div.

of

Burroughs

Corp.

Electronic

Associates, Inc.

Electronic

Engineering

Company

Elliott

Addressing

Machine

Company

Epsco,

Inc.

ESC

Corp.

Fairchild

Engine

&

Airplane

Corp.

Ferranti

Electric,

Inc.

Ferranti,

Ltd.

Fischer

and

Porter

Company

Ford

Instrument

Company, Div.

of

Sperry

Rand

Corp.

The

Foxboro

Corp.

The

Franklin

Institute

Laboratories

for

Research

and

Development

Friden

Calculating

Machine Co.,

Inc.

H.

S.

Gellman

& Co.,

Ltd.

General

Ceramics

Corp.

General

Electric

Company

General

Kinetics,

Inc.

General

Transistor

Corp.

The

Geotechnical

Corp.

Haller,

Raymond

&

Brown,

Inc.

Hammerlund

Mfg. Co., Inc.

N. V.

Hollandse

Signaalapparaten

Hoover

Electronics

Co.

Hughes

Research

and

Development

Laboratories,

Hughes

Aircraft

Co.

Industrial

Nucleonics Corp.

International

Business

Machines

Corp.

International

Resistance

Co.

J.

V.

Kane

& Co.

KCS

Data

Control

A.

Kimball

Co.

The

Kybernetes

Corp.

Laboratory

for

Electronics,

Inc.

Lansdale

Tube

Co., Div.

of

Philco

Corp.

Link

Aviation,

Inc.

Littelfuse,

Inc.

Lockheed

Missile

Systems

Magnetic

Research

Corp.

Marchant

Calculators,

Inc.

Marchant

Research,

Inc.

Massachusetts

Institute

of

Technology

Mellon

Institute

of

Industrial

Research

Metron

Corp.

Monroe

Calculating

Machine

Co.

Moore School

of

Electrical

Engineering

F.

L. Mosely Co.

National

Analysts,

Inc.

National

Cash

Register

Co.

Northrop

Aircraft,

Inc.

Nuclear

Development

Corp.

of

America

Olivetti

Corp.

of

America

ORRadio

Industries

Packard-Bell

Electronics

Corp.

Panellit,

Inc.

George

A.

Philbrick

Researches,

Inc.

Phillips

Electronics,

Inc.

Potter

Instrument

Co.,

Inc.

Radiation,

Inc.

Radio

Corp.

of

America

Radio Corp.

of

America

Components

Div.

Radio Corp.

of

America

Electronic

Tube

Div.

Radio Corp.

of

America

Semiconductor

Div.

Radio

Receptor

Co.,

Inc.

The

Ramo-Wooldridge Corp.

Raytheon

Manufacturing

Co.

Recording

and

Statistical

Corp.

Remington

Rand

Univac

Div.,

Sperry

Rand

Corp.

Resistance

Products

Co.

Richardson

Camera

Company

Schweber

Electronics

The

Service

Bureau

Corp .

Sola

Electric

Co.

Soroban

Engineering,

Inc.

The

Standard

Register

Co.

Sturrup,

Inc.

Sylvania

Electric

Products,

Inc.

Telecomputing

Corp.

Telemeter

Magnetics,

Inc.

Teleregister

Corp.

Texas

Instruments,

Inc.

Trio

Laboratories,

Inc.

Tung-Sol

Electric,

Inc.

Typatape,

Inc.

University

of

Michigan

University

of

Toronto

Victor

Adding

Machine

Company

The

Walkirt

Co.

Wayne

State

University

Zuse

Kommandit-Gesellschaft

ADVERTISING SPACE DEADLINE May 10, 1958

$240

per

black

and

white

page

$185

per

%

page

b & w

$140

per

lh

page

b & w

$ 95

per

lh

page

b & w

$ 75

per

1A,

page

b & w

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION

815

Washington

Street

Newtonville

60,

Massachusetts

DEcatur

2-5453

"To: COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION, 815

Washington

Street,

Newtonville 60, Mass.

We

are

interested

in

advertising

in

"The

Computer

Directory

and

Buyers'

Guide,

1958."

Please

.send

data

to

the

attention

of:

,Name ...................................................................... Address

32

COMPUTERS

a1zd

AUTOMATION for March, 1958

Automatika

1

Telemechanika

[Continued

from

page

31}

Perov, V. P. I

The

synthesis

of

pulse

circuits and systems

with

a

pulse

feed-

back /

The

determination

of

optimum

characteristics

of

pulse systems is con-

sidered. As a criterion of

the

optimum

the

condition

of

the

minimum

root

mean

square

is taken

when

dynamic

accuracy

and

transient

time are known.

The

disturbance

is supposed

to

con-

sist

of

noise and

signal;

the noise is

a

stationary

random

function, the sig-

nal is a sum of a stationary

random

component

and of a

regular

one. /

1081

Meerov, M. V. /

On

the synthesis of

structures

of

multiple-looped

control

systems

including

elements

with

lags

/ 1098

Mikhailov,

G. A. /

The

analysis

of

struc-

ture

of

series electronic

digital

com-

puters

/

The

paper

presents

the

an-

alysis

of

utilizing

working

time and

now.

from

• •

structure

elements

in

series electronic \

digital

computers. .

The

relationships

between the

structure

features

and

the

kind

of

problem

to be

solved

on

the one

hand

and

the

cal-

culation

speed

and

other

facilities of

the

computer

on

the

other

hand

are

established. / 1109

Roginsky,

V.

N.

/

The

synthesis of mixed

relay circuits

of

series-parallel type /

The

paper

deals

with

analytical meth-

ods

of

equivalent

transformations

of

switching

circuits

together

with

some

means of

introducing

the

elements of

finite conductivity.

It

is

shown

that

the

methods

mentioned

make

it

possible to

reduce a

number

of contacts

when

de-

signing

multi-relay circuits. / 1120

Glatenok,

I.

V. /

On

evaluating the re-

gion

of

finding a

real

periodical

solu-

tion

approximately

determined

by

means

of

the

method

of

a descriptive

characteristic / 1132

Druzhinin,

G. V. /

The

calculation of the

reliability

of

automatic

electrical sys-

tems /

The

paper

deals

with

calculat-

tng the reliability

of

automatic

elec-

trical systems

in

the

case

of

an

arbi-

trary

law

of

distribution

of

the

time

during

which

the elements

work

well.

/ 1136

Discussion

Margolis,

N.

M. / Some remarks

on

A. V.

Mayorov's

paper

/ 1142

Mayorov, A. V. /

On

increased reliability

of

automatic

controllers / 1144

Criticisms

Review

of

G. A. Atabekov's

work:

"Har-

monic

analysis

and

operator

method"

/ 1146

Chronicle

The

scientific seminar

on

pneumo-hy-

draulic

automation

/ 1148

Bibliography

The

list

of

Soviet

and

foreign

literature

on

the

theory

of

relay circuits

for

1956 I 1151

IOO%tested

memory

cores

for transistorized memory circuits

THE

NEW

M3

LOW-DRIVE

MEMORY

CORE

by

FXC,

made of Ferroxcube

681

material,

is

designed for

transistorized

memory

circuits and has unusually

low

driving

current requirements.

Its

switching

time

is

2

microseconds

with

a current of

450

rna.

at

40°C.

It

can be furnished

in

complete arrays,

such

as the

1 0 by 1 0

memory

array illustrated above, and

it

is

delivered 100% tested

to

guaranteed specifications.

Requests for complete data

on

test conditions and

guaranteed properties should

be

addressed to:

FERROXCUBE CORPORATION

OF

AMERICA

50

East Bridge Street, Saugerties, New

York

Manufacturers

of

ferrite

cores

for

recording

heads,

magnetic

memories,

TV

flyback

transformers,

pulse transformers, filters, inductors, high

frequency

shields

and

power

transformers.

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION,

for March, 1958

33

Readers'

and

Editor'

s

Forum

[Continued from page 27]

For

further information, please write to Mr. Benjamin

L.

Schwartz, Battelle Memorial Institute, 505

King

Ave-

nue, Columbus

1,

Ohio.

The

Central Ohio Association

for

Computing Ma-

chinery

is

not

affiliated with the national Association

for

Computing Machinery,

but

sponsoring organizations in-

clude Battelle Memorial Institute, Ohio State University,

North

American Aviation, Nationwide Insurance, and

several other central Ohio concerns.

UNIVERSITY

OF

MICHIGAN

10-DAY SUMMER

COURSE

IN

AUTOMATIC

CONTROL

Lawrence L. Rauch

Chairman, Instrumentation Engineering

Dept.

Univ.

of

Michigan, College

of

Engineering

Ann Arbor, Michigan

We

believe the following announcement may be

of

interest

to

the readers of "Computers and Automation."

We

would appreci2te very much having the notice ap-

pear before the closing date

for

registration in

the

course,

April

15.

The

University

of

Michigan, College

of

Engineering,

is

offering a summer Intensive Course

in

Automatic Con-

trol

June

16 to 25, 1958, inclusive.

The

course is in-

tended for engineers who wish to obtain a basic under-

standing

of

the field,

but

who cannot spare much time

for this purpose.

The

aim

of

the course is to make the

subject easy to learn by a coherent presentation

in

class

of

the fundamentals

of

modern automatic coatrol, and

by

providing

a comprehensive set

of

notes to serve

as

a

framework

for

further study.

The

course

is

built around the principles and applica-

tion

of

measurement, communication and control. Ex-

tensive use will be made

of

computing, instrumentation,

and servo laboratories on the campus.

The

role

of

ana-

log computing methods will be emphasized. This course

has been given

in

the summers since 1953.

April

15

is the closing date

for

registration.

Further

information may be obtained by

writing

to us.

CORRECTIONS

OF

DECEMBER ISSUE

I.

From

H.

G. Sparks

Univ.

of

Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pa.

I would like to compliment you

on

the fine article en-

titled,

"A

Pictorial Manual

on

Computers -

Part

1" in

the December, 1957 issue of "Computers and Automation."

I am afraid, however, there has been a slight mistake

in

the labeling

of

the photographs

of

the University of

Pennsylvania Computer Center.

In

your article

on

page

10, figure

1,

the label reads,

"The

new Computing Cen-

ter at the Moore School

of

Electrical Engineering, Uni-

versity

of

Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., showing its

powerful

modern

automatic digital computer, a Reming-

ton Rand Univac.

The

central machine is the supervisory

control."

The

Univac

is

located in the University

of

Pennsylvania Computer Center,

not

in

The

Moore

School

as

described above. I would appreciate

it

if

you

would correct this error in a

future

issue.

II.

From

E.

M.

McCormick

u.s.

Naval

Ordnance Laboratory

Corona, California

We

note

that

page

13

of the December issue

of

"Com-

puters and Automation" includes a

photograph

of

our

Datatron

installation.

It

was incorrectly identified

as

being at the Naval Ordnance

laboratory,

Washington,

D.C.

Since our

laboratory

is newer

than

the one

in

Wash-

ington, this mistake occurs frequently.

Although

the

names are practically alike, the two

NOl's

are indepen-

dent

activities

of

the Navy.

Incidentally, the picture shows

our

Datatron

204.

However, we are now installing a

Datatron

205.

ADVERTISING

INDEX

Following is

the

index

of

advertisements. Each item contains:

Name

and

address

of

the advertiser /

page

number

where

the

advertisement appears / name

of

the agency

if

any.

Aladdin Electronics,

715

Murfreesboro Rd., Nashville,

Tenn. I Page

25

I William

Hart

Adler, Inc.

Audio Devices, Inc., 444 Madison Ave.,

New

York

22,

N.Y.

I Page 29 I Marsteller, Rickard,

Gebhardt

&

Reed, Inc.

Automation Shares Management Corp., 734

15th

St.,

N.W.,

Washington

5,

D.C. I Page 29 I

--

Bendix Aviation Corp., Computer Division, 5630

Arbor

Vitae St.,

los

Angeles 45, Calif. I

The

Shaw Co.

Berkeley Enterprises, Inc., 815

Washington

St., Newton-

ville 60, Mass. I Page

20

I

--

Burroughs Corp., Military Field Service Division, 511

N.

Broad St., Philadelphia 23, Pa. I Page 2 I

--

c.

P. Clare & Co., 3101

Pratt

Blvd., Chicago 45, Ill. I

Page 27 I Reincke, Meyer &

Finn

Computer Control Co., Inc., Wellesley, Mass. I Page 17

I Briant Advertising

Corp.

for

Economic and Industrial Research, 1200 Jeffer-

son Davis Highway, Arlington

2,

Va. I Page

23

1--

Datamatic Corp.,

Newton

Highlands, Mass. I Page 36

I Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborne, Inc.

34

Electronic Associates, Inc.,

long

Branch, N.J. I Page 7

I Halsted &

Van

Vechten, Inc.

ESC Corp., 534 Bergen Blvd., Palisades Park, N.J. I

Page 5 I Keyes,

Martin

& Co.

Ferroxcube Corp.

of

America,

E.

Bridge St., Saugerties,

N.Y.

I Page

33

I Sam Groden, Inc.

Mack Trucks, Inc., Electronics Division, 4000

So.

Sec-

ond

St., Plainfield, N.J. I Page 19 I Conti Advertising

Agency, Inc.

Radio Corp.

of

America, Tube Division, Harrison, N.J.

I Page 3 I Al Paul Lefton Co.

Royal-McBee Corp.,

Data

Processing Equipment Divi-

sion,

Port

Chester,

N.Y.

I Page

15

I

c.

J. LaRoche

& Co.

Schweber Electronics, 122 Herricks Rd., Mineola, L.I.,

N.Y.

I Page

31

I Vision Associates

Southwest Research Institute, 8500 Culebra Rd., San

Antonio

6,

Tex. / Page

25

I

--

System Development Corp., 2406 Colorado Ave., Santa

Monica, Calif. I Page 17 I Stromberger,

laVerne,

McKenzie

Technical Operations, Inc., Burlington, Mass. I Page

35

I Dawson,

Macleod

& Stivers

John

Wiley

& Sons, Inc., 440

Fourth

Ave.,

New

York

16,

N.

Y. I Page

25

I

Norman

D.

Waters

& Associates

COMPUTERS

and

AUTOMATION

for March, 1958

an

oblique

look

tech/ops scientists know there are

at

least three ways of

attacking a problem: head on, as

an

amphibious force hits

a beach; flank-wise, as a tactician likes

to

strike; and

slantwise,

the

offbeat way.

This is a basic principle in operations research,

the

new

team

method of attacking problems, in which tech/ops

is a leader and pioneer.

It

is this

habit

of taking

an

oblique

look-of

applying a group of apparently unrelated disci-

plines

to

the

problem-that

has developed,

at

tech/ops,

unique solutions in weapons systems, tactics, organizations

and logistics.

You

may

profit

by

taking

an

oblique look

at

your own

career

problem-and

joining a team of tech/ops scientists

looking for new ways

to

the

future.

Address:

ROBERT

L.

KOLLER

TECHNICAL

OPERA

TIONS,

INCORPORA

TED

Burlington, Massachusetts

at

your

career

in

BURLINGTON,

MASS.,

orWashing·

ton,

D.C.:

mathematical

statistician

(PhD

with

five

years'

experience)

for

research

In

sensitivity

of

stochasllc

games,

statistical

analysis

of

such

games;

creative,

with

skill

to

develop

essentially

new

mathemallcs

in

rela·

tively

unexplored

area;

also

mathematician

(PhD

with

five

years'

computer

experience)

to

develop

sophisticated

computer

programs.

FORT

MONROE,

VA.: logician

with

computer

knowledge;

mathematiCarecono-

~

electrical

engineer

with

background

In

information

or

queuing

theory;

senIOr

opera·

tlons

analyst,

master's

level

or

above,

In

phYSical

sCiences

or

mathematiCs.

MONTEREY,

CALIF.:

Applied

mathema-

!!£@.!!

with

understanding

of

application

of

high

speed

computers

to

data

analYSIS;

sCientist

or

engineer

With

heavy

math

orienta·

tlon

to

act

as

project

leader

of

field

experlmen·

tation group;

senior

sCientist

on

PhD

level

In

operations

research,

math,

phYSICS.

(Please

indicate

location

preference.)

--

/

* Dr.

Eric

Clarke, tech/ops vice president, takes a look at a problem

in

his office at Burlington, Mass.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION, for March, 1958

35

New business weapon in the

wa

r on paperwork

Extra-wide

magnetic

tape

is a

key

factor

in

enabling

Honeywell's

DA

T

Amatic

1000

to

process business

data

at

new

record-breaking

speeds.

New

recording

techniques

and

the

tape's

greater

capacity

team

up

to

exploit

the

elec-

tronic

speeds

of

the

central

computer.

This

ingenious

tape

helps explain

DATAmatic

1000's

ability

to

devour

all

sorts

of business

information

at

the

rate

of 900 fully

punched

cards

a

minute.

Most

important,

it

steps

up

the

flow of

this

information

to

and

from

the

central

computer

to

a

peak

rate

of

120,000 digits

per

second,

or

a

sustained

speed

of 60,000

digits

per

second.

Consistent

with

these

speeds is

DATAmatic

1000's abil-

ity

to

print

insurance

premium

notices,

inventory

reports,

bank

statements,

production

schedules, mailing lists - or

what

have

you

-

at

the

eye-blinking

speed

of 15 lines a

second (up

to

120

characters

a line)! As

many

as

14,000

typical

paychecks, for examl'le,

can

be

printed

in one

hour

.

By

now

it

should

be clear

there

is

something

extra

special

about

DATAmatic

1000's new

magnetic

tape.

There is.

It

holds far

more

business

information

than

conventional

tapes.

First,

because

it's

wider. Second, because

unique

recording

methods

now

utilize

its

surface more

completely

and

efficiently.

Data

is organized for

more

rapid

accessi-

bility,

and

to

save

valuable

time

DATAmatic

1000

can

even

read

the

tape

in

both

directions, coming or going!

This

new

magnetic

tape

is

but

one of

the

many

features

of

DATAmatic

1000 designed specifically for business use.

That

is

why

consideration of

any

business

data

processing

program

is incompl

ete

without

the

facts on

DA

T

Amatic

1000.

Our

applications

engineers will

be

glad

to

discuss

your

requirements.

Write

for details

to

Walter

W.

Finke.

President,

DATAmatic

Division,

Dept.

A3,

Newton

High

l

ands

61,

Massachusetts.

Honeywell

[II]

DATA

m

atic

ELECTRONIC

DATA

PROCESSING

195803

195803 195803

Navigation menu

Versions of this User Manual:

Views

Navigation