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ADULT CORRECTIONAL SYSTEMS
A Report Submitted to the

FISCAL AFFAIRS AND GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS COMMITTEE
Southern Legislative Conference

Council of State Governments

John D. Carpenter
Legislative Fiscal Officer

John A. Alario, Jr., President
Louisiana Senate

Prepared by:
Stephanie Blanchard, Fiscal Analyst
Louisiana Legislative Fiscal Office

Charles E. Kleckley, Speaker
Louisiana House of Representatives

2013

This public document was published at a total cost of $369 ($3.69 per copy). 100 copies of this public document were published in this first
printing. This document was published for the Louisiana Legislative Fiscal Office, Post Office Box 44097, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70804 by the
Louisiana House of Representatives, Post Office Box 94062, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70804 in an effort to provide legislators, staff and the general
public with an accurate summary of Adult Correctional Systems Comparative Data for FY 13. This material was printed in accordance with the
standard for printing by state agencies established pursuant to R.S. 43.31.

ADULT CORRECTIONAL SYSTEMS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGES

PREFACE
INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY

I.

INMATE POPULATION TRENDS AND INCARCERATION RATES

II.

PRISON AND JAIL CAPACITIES ............................................................................................................ 8 – 14

III.

BUDGETARY ISSUES

IV.

STAFFING PATTERNS AND SELECT INMATE CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................... 20 - 26

V.

PROJECTED COSTS OF NEW PRISONS ................................................................................................... 27 - 29

VI.

PROBATION AND PAROLE

VII.

REHABILITATION ............................................................................................................................... 35 – 36

VIII.

PRISON INDUSTRIES ........................................................................................................................... 37 - 39

IX.

PRIVATIZATION ................................................................................................................................. 40 - 42

.............................................................. 1 - 7

.......................................................................................................................... 15 - 19

.................................................................................................................. 30 - 34

TABLE OF CONTENTS
(CONTINUED)

PAGES

X. STATE PROFILES
ALABAMA......................................................................................................................................... 43 - 48
ARKANSAS ........................................................................................................................................ 49 - 54
FLORIDA ........................................................................................................................................... 55 - 60
GEORGIA ........................................................................................................................................... 61 - 64
KENTUCKY ........................................................................................................................................ 65 - 69
LOUISIANA ........................................................................................................................................ 70 - 75
MISSISSIPPI ........................................................................................................................................ 76 - 79
MISSOURI ......................................................................................................................................... 80 - 84
NORTH CAROLINA ............................................................................................................................. 85 - 89
OKLAHOMA ....................................................................................................................................... 90 - 94
SOUTH CAROLINA .............................................................................................................................. 95 - 99
TENNESSEE ....................................................................................................................................... 100 - 104
TEXAS ............................................................................................................................................... 105 - 111
VIRGINIA .......................................................................................................................................... 112 - 116
WEST VIRGINIA ................................................................................................................................ 117 - 120

INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY

I NTRODUCTION

This report is part of a series of annual comparative data reports presented to the Fiscal
Affairs and Government Operations Committee of the Southern Legislative Conference.
The report includes a summary of key findings and statistical tables based upon a
questionnaire distributed to each member state in October 2013.
Many thanks to the legislative staff and correctional agency staff who provided the
requested information.
Thanks also to several co-workers who assisted with the
preparation of this report: John Carpenter, Evan Brasseaux, Travis McIlwain and Willie
Scott.
Stephanie Blanchard
Fiscal Analyst
Louisiana Legislative Fiscal Office
P. O. Box 44097
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70804
Phone (225) 342-7233
Fax
(225) 342-7243

M ETHODOLOGY
The purpose of this report is to provide legislators and staff in each state with a
reference document that can be used to compare Corrections Programs in a particular
state to others throughout the southern region.
A questionnaire was sent to each of the 15 states in the Southern Legislative Conference.
The information reported in this survey is taken directly from the returned surveys, unless
noted. In addition to group reporting of like data, selected data from the states has been
compiled into a “Corrections State Profile” for each state. These include, but are not
limited to, selected characteristics of adult inmates and major state initiatives.
It should be noted that although identical surveys were sent to each state, there might
be certain inconsistencies due to differences in interpretation of corrections data. We
have attempted to adjust these inconsistencies when making comparisons among states.
To the best of our ability this has been done with each state’s prior approval.
All fifteen SLC states responded to the survey.
NOTE: For purposes of this report “N/A” denotes that the requested information was not
provided or was not available for reporting.

INMATE POPULATION TRENDS AND
INCARCERATION RATES

The inmate population housed in state correctional facilities throughout the Southern Legislative
Conference region decreased by 3,842 or approximately 0.7% from July 1, 2012 to July 1, 2013. The
rate of change for each state varied widely; from a 3.4% increase in Louisiana to a 5.5% decrease in
Georgia. A region-wide yearly trend summary of the change of inmates housed in state correctional
systems as of July 1 of each year is presented below. (The significant increase in this table in 1994
reflects the addition of Missouri to the Southern Legislative Conference and a decrease in 2009 reflects
the departure of Maryland from the Southern Legislative Conference.) Note: These numbers have been
revised where noted based on adjustments provided by the member states.
Table 1
Y ear

Number of Inmates (in
state facilities)

% Increase/
Decrease

1-Jul-93
1-Jul-94
1-Jul-95
1-Jul-96
1-Jul-97
1-Jul-98
1-Jul-99
1-Jul-00
1-Jul-01
1-Jul-02
1-Jul-03
1-Jul-04
1-Jul-05
1-Jul-06
1-Jul-07
1-Jul-08
1-Jul-09
1-Jul-10
1-Jul-11
1-Jul-12
1-Jul-13

325,232
352,768
411,746
444,952
465,879
485,399
508,043
518,361
523,683
534,909
549,493
561,007
569,747
580,757
591,261
606,223
586,388
582,961
585,804
580,909
577,067

8.5%
16.7%
8.1%
4.7%
4.2%
4.7%
2.0%
1.0%
2.1%
2.7%
2.1%
1.6%
1.9%
1.8%
2.5%
0.5%
-0.6%
0.6%
-0.8%
-0.7%

1

Between 2003 and 2013 the resident population of the 15 state Southern Legislative Conference region
increased from 108.9 million to 116.9 million, a 7.4% increase. During the same time period, the
number of SLC state inmates (including state inmates housed in local jails) increased by 6.4% from
591,928 to 629,955. The incarceration rate in the SLC region, which is the number of inmates per
100,000 inhabitants, decreased from 549.9 in 2003 to 538.8 in 2013 and was above the U.S.
incarceration rate, which decreased from 499.6 in 2003 to 496.8 in 2013.
The SLC states’
incarceration rate remains above the U.S.

Y EAR
2003
2013
% Increase

SLC Total Population
(thousands)
108,862
116,925
7.4%

Table 2
SLC Total
U.S.
State
Population*
Inmates
(thousands)
(incl. jails)
290,810
591,928
316,129
629,955
8.7%
6.4%

U.S.
Inmates**
in Prisons
1,440,655
1,570,400
9.0%

SLC State
Inmates/
100,000
Pop.
549.9
538.8
-2.0%

U.S.
Inmates/
100,000
Pop.
499.6
496.8
-0.6%

*Population figures as of July 1, 2013. Source: Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau
**U.S. figures as of December 31, 2012. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Prison Inmates at Midyear
2003 figures are those used in the 2004 SLC Report

The number of state inmates housed in local jails in the SLC accounts for 6.4% of the total inmate
population of 629,955 housed in both state facilities and local jails. As of July 1, 2013, there were
52,888 state inmates housed in local jails. Thirteen states surveyed provided projections of the growth
of their inmate populations housed in state facilities to the year 2018. These states expect varying
increases from 2013 to 2018 in the number of inmates with an expected SLC decrease of 3.0% in the
adult inmate population. Seven states projected inmate populations to the year 2023. Predicted
changes during the ten-year period range from an 11.7% decrease in Louisiana to a 71.1% increase in
Kentucky.

2

Table 3

ADULT INMATE POPULATION HOUSED IN STATE CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES
Rank
Inmate Population (a)

Inmates per

in

100,000 Pop. (b)

SLC

STATE

1-Jul-12

1-Jul-13

ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA

26,738
14,076
100,527
58,466

26,618
14,089
100,884
55,245

550.7
476.1
516.0
552.9

KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

12,738
19,582
23,147
31,028

12,663
20,241
23,550
31,408

NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE

38,385
25,388
22,161
19,898

TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA
TOTAL

Inmate Population Change
09 to 10

10 to 11

11 to 12

12 to 13

5
8
7
4

1.0%
5.0%
1.3%
-3.3%

-0.4%
2.0%
0.1%
2.0%

0.6%
-0.7%
-1.7%
9.6%

-0.4%
0.1%
0.4%
-5.5%

288.1
437.6
787.3
519.6

15
10
1
6

-8.0%
-2.2%
-2.9%
-0.2%

4.1%
-4.2%
0.4%
1.2%

-7.9%
2.2%
3.0%
0.9%

-0.6%
3.4%
1.7%
1.2%

37,469
25,904
22,168
20,455

380.5
672.7
464.3
314.9

11
2
9
13

-1.8%
2.9%
-0.3%
4.0%

2.3%
-1.6%
-4.5%
1.1%

-6.4%
1.4%
-4.9%
-1.2%

-2.4%
2.0%
0.0%
2.8%

153,641
29,935
5,199

150,931
30,087
5,355

570.7
364.2
288.8

3
12
14

-0.5%
-6.7%
1.6%

1.3%
0.9%
1.2%

-1.8%
-6.8%
1.0%

-1.8%
0.5%
3.0%

580,909

577,067

493.5

-0.7%

0.6%

-0.8%

-0.7%

(a) Incarceration rates shown are for inmates in state facilities only.
For total incarceration rates see table "State Inmates in State and Local Jails."
(b) Population data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3

Table 4

GROWTH OF ADULT
INMATE POPULATION HOUSED IN STATE FACILITIES
2003 to 2013
STATE

Inmate Population
1-Jul-03 (a)
1-Jul-13

Total Increase
2003-2013

Percent
Increase

ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA

26,603
11,730
77,272
47,111

26,618
14,089
100,884
55,245

15
2,359
23,612
8,134

0.1%
20.1%
30.6%
17.3%

KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

12,286
19,770
17,743
30,283

12,663
20,241
23,550
31,408

377
471
5,807
1,125

3.1%
2.4%
32.7%
3.7%

NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE

33,583
22,583
23,279
19,146

37,469
25,904
22,168
20,455

3,886
3,321
-1,111
1,309

11.6%
14.7%
-4.8%
6.8%

TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA

148,701
31,867
3,748

150,931
30,087
5,355

2,230
-1,780
1,607

1.5%
-5.6%
42.9%

TOTAL

525,705

577,067

51,362

9.8%

(a) As reported in 2003 survey and revised according to updated figures from the SLC states.

4

Table 5

GROWTH OF INMATE POPULATION
(STATE FACILITIES ONLY, 2003-2013)
160,000
140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000

1-Jul-03
1-Jul-13

60,000
40,000
20,000
0
WV

AR

KY

MS

TN

LA

SC

OK

5

AL

MO

NC

VA

GA

FL

TX

Table 6

PERCENT INCREASE IN INMATE POPULATION
(STATE FACILITIES ONLY, 2003-2013)
45.0%

40.0%

35.0%

30.0%

25.0%

20.0%

15.0%


9.8%


10.0%

5.0%

0.0%

-5.0%

-10.0%

VA


SC


AL


TX


LA


KY


MO


TN


6

SLC
AVG


NC


OK


GA


AR


FL


MS


WV


Table 7

PROJECTED ADULT INMATE POPULATION (State Facilities)
Projected

Percent of Increase
2013 to 2018
2013 to 2023

STATE

1-Jul-13

2018

2023

ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA (b)

26,618
14,089
100,884
55,245

38,000
16,391
105,623
N/A

42,558
17,070
N/A
N/A

42.8%
16.3%
4.7%
N/A

59.9%
21.2%
N/A
N/A

KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA (c)
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

12,663
41,464
23,550
31,408

21,722
37,282
24,550
32,826

21,670
36,625
24,846
33,921

71.5%
-10.1%
4.2%
4.5%

71.1%
-11.7%
5.5%
8.0%

NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA (b)
TENNESSEE

37,469
25,904
22,168
20,455

39,291
27,862
N/A
32,723

N/A
29,250
N/A
N/A

4.9%
7.6%
N/A
60.0%

N/A
12.9%
N/A
N/A

TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA

150,931
30,087
5,355

156,877
38,318
8,893

N/A
N/A
N/A

3.9%
27.4%
66.1%

N/A
N/A
N/A

TOTAL (a)

598,290

580,358

205,940

-3.0%

-65.6%

(a) These figures only reflect reporting states and do not reflect the SLC total.
(b) Georgia and South Carolina do not do projections on populations.
(c) Louisiana's population includes state prisoners in local jails and projected figures are for 2018 and 2023, respectively.

7

PRISON AND JAIL CAPACITIES

On July 1, 2013, the inmate population exceeded or equaled the maximum design
capacity of the state correctional facilities in five of the fifteen states reporting. The
percent of capacity ranged from 86% in North Carolina to 199% in Alabama, with the
capacity for the region at 95%.
States were asked to report the percentage of inmates housed in various levels of
security. The levels ranged from one to three and consist of the following:
• A Level One institution is an institution with maximum-security inmates (extended
lockdown and working cell blocks).
• A Level Two institution consists of medium-security inmates (working cell blocks).
• A Level Three institution contains minimum-security inmates only.
Of the inmates in state prisons, 22.4% are in Level One institutions, 44.7% are in Level
Two institutions, 17.5% are in Level Three institutions, 2.9% are in Community Based
Centers, and 12.5% are in other settings (excluding local jails).
Of the fifteen states surveyed, ten confined inmates in local jails. The shifting of inmates
to the local level has caused some jails to house inmates in excess of designed capacities.

8

Table 8

STATE INMATES HOUSED IN STATE AND LOCAL JAILS

(As of July 1, 2013)


Total
State Inmates

Total State
Inmates Per
100,000
Pop.*

Rank
in
SLC

28,769
14,756
100,884
55,245

595.2
498.6
516.0
552.9

4
9
8
6

STATE INMATES
STATE

State Facilities

Local Jails

ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA

26,618
14,089
100,884
55,245

2,151
667
0
0

KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

12,663
20,241
23,550
31,408

6,948
21,223
1,922
0

19,611
41,464
25,472
31,408

446.2
896.4
851.6
519.6

13
1
2
7

NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE

37,469
25,904
22,168
20,455

0
634
342
9,895

37,469
26,538
22,510
30,350

380.5
689.2
471.4
467.2

15
3
10
11

TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA

150,931
30,087
5,355

0
7,365
1,741

150,931
37,452
7,096

570.7
453.4
382.7

5
12
14

TOTAL

577,067

52,888

629,955

538.8

* Population data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.
9

Table 9

TOTAL STATE INMATES

  
 
 
 
  
  


 
 
  



7,096


WV


14,756


AR


19,611


KY


22,510


SC


25,472


MS


26,538


OK

AL


28,769


TN


30,350

31,408


MO

VA


37,452


NC


37,469

41,464


LA


55,245


GA


100,884


FL


150,931


TX

0


50,000


100,000


10

150,000


200,000


Table 10

POPULATION AND CAPACITY OF STATE CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES
(As of July 1, 2013)

Inmate
Population

Maximum
Design
Capacity

Percent of
Capacity

26,618
14,089
100,884
55,245

13,403
13,472
114,722
60,658

199%
105%
88%
91%

KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA (a)
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

12,663
20,241
23,550
31,408

12,167
20,451
25,861
31,156

104%
99%
91%
101%

NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE

37,469
25,904
22,168
20,455

43,417
25,846
23,874
22,058

86%
100%
93%
93%

TEXAS
VIRGINIA (b)
WEST VIRGINIA

150,931
30,087
5,355

161,168
31,184
5,390

94%
96%
99%

TOTAL

577,067

604,827

95%

STATE
ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA

(a) Louisiana includes 2,960 private prison beds
(b) Virginia includes 1,561 private prison beds

11

Table 11

DISTRIBUTION OF ADULT INMATE POPULATION BY TYPE OF INSTITUTION
(As of July 1, 2013)

STATE*
ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA
TOTAL/Average %

Level One
Inmates
%
8,152
30.6%
5,791
41.1%
4,449
4.4%
N/A
N/A
1,584
10,189
4,126
14,899

Level Two
Inmates
%
12,595
47.3%
7,653
54.3%
92,978
92.2%
N/A
N/A

Level Three
Inmates
%
396
1.5%
0
0.0%
0
0.0%
N/A
N/A

Community Based
Other
Inmates
%
Inmates
%
4,232
15.9%
1,243
4.7%
645
4.6%
0
0.0%
3,457
3.4%
0
0.0%
N/A
N/A 55,245
100.0%

Total
26,618
14,089
100,884
55,245

12.5%
50.3%
17.5%
47.4%

7,296
7,690
11,037
10,661

57.6%
38.0%
46.9%
33.9%

2,160
522
3,610
5,848

17.1%
2.6%
15.3%
18.6%

1,509
1,538
1,495
0

11.9%
7.6%
6.3%
0.0%

114
302
3,282
0

0.9%
1.5%
13.9%
0.0%

12,663
20,241
23,550
31,408

7,260
1,779
7,417
8,557

19.4%
6.9%
33.5%
41.8%

17,533
10,908
9,904
11,898

46.8%
42.1%
44.7%
58.2%

10,644
8,287
2,989
0

28.4%
32.0%
13.5%
0.0%

30
3,582
0
0

0.1%
13.8%
0.0%
0.0%

2,002
1,348
1,858
0

5.3%
5.2%
8.4%
0.0%

37,469
25,904
22,168
20,455

48,573
5,156
1,477

32.2%
17.1%
27.6%

44,449
10,812
2,674

29.4%
35.9%
49.9%

57,909
7,791
587

38.4%
25.9%
11.0%

0
0
494

0.0%
0.0%
9.2%

0
6,328
123

0.0%
21.0%
2.3%

150,931
30,087
5,355

129,409

22.4%

258,088

44.7%

100,743

17.5%

16,982

2.9%

71,845

12.5%

577,067

*NOTES:
Alabama "other" includes in-transient, records monitor, and leased beds.
Georgia levels are combined at each facility.
Kentucky "other" represents those not yet classified.
Louisiana "other" represents Adult Reception & Diagnostic Center Inmates.
Mississippi "other" represents house arrest and earned release supervision
North Carolina "other" includes safe keepers, unassigned custody, or missing data.
Oklahoma "other" represents those inmates who are not considered in custody but under jurisdiction (jail, court, hospital, escapees, interstate compacts, and GPS).
South Carolina "other" includes psychiatric hospital, infirmary, R&E and authorizes absences.
Virginia's Dept. of Corrections has a six level classification system. Levels 4, 5, and 6 were placed in Other, which also includes protective custody, death row, hearing impaired, and
unassigned.
West Virginia "other" includes receiving/intake inmates.

12

Table 12




 
 





 



$%#',




 
 
 

 
 

%%#&,


"


%#),


 


$(#',


 
!

&&#(,


13




Table 13

UTILIZATION OF LOCAL JAILS
(as of July 1, 2013)
Total
Local Jail
Population

STATE

Max. Design
Capacity

Percent of
Capacity

No. of State
Inmates

STATE PAYMENT PER
Inmate Day

Inmate Year

2,151
667
0
0

$1.75
$20.00
$0
$0

$639
$7,300
$0
$0

ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA

(a) unknown
(b) unknown
(c) 54,932
0

unknown
unknown
N/A
0

N/A
N/A
N/A
0

KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

(d)
(e)

17,144
37,471
1,922
0

19,695
45,118
1,872
N/A

87.0%
83.1%
102.7%
N/A

6,948
21,223
1,922
0

$31.34
$24.39
$20.50
$0

$11,439
$8,902
$7,483
$0

NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE

0
unknown
12,494
(g) 28,562

N/A
N/A
12,134
32,530

N/A
N/A
103.0%
87.8%

0
634
342
9,895

$0
$41.20
$0
$50.54

$0
$15,038
$0
$18,447

TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA

(h)

67,543
28,967
N/A

94,931
21,850
N/A

71.1%
132.6%
N/A

0
7,365
1,741

$0
$12.00
$48.50

$0
$4,380
$17,703

249,035

228,130

$27.80

$10,148

Total

(f)

52,888

Average

(a) Capacities are determined by local authorities. State Finance Department (not AL DOC) pays the flat rate reimbursement set by the legislature.
(b) Flat rate of $28 for county jail backup and $12 per day on contracted jail beds.
(c) The Florida Department of Corrections no longer rates capacity for local jails. Local facilities regulate it.
(d) All facilities are reimbursed at a flat rate of $24.39 per day except for Work Release Facilities which are reimbursed at $16.39 for non-contract
programs and $12.25 for contract programs, and 2 parishes who earn an additional $7 per inmate per day through approved cooperative
endeavors to provide and capitalize additional beds for the state. All parishes are also eligible to have approved extraordinary medical expenses
reimbursed. Orleans Parish is also reimbursed an additional per diem of $2 for medical expenses for state inmates, $7 for all inmates served by their
mental health unit and $3 per day for the Intensive Incarceration and Parole Supervision Program.
(e) Population and capacity of approved jails represents the allotment of beds for state inmates.
(f) Oklahoma has 634 offenders in their jurisdiction and 1,845 waiting in county jails that have not been taken into custody but are under DOC jurisdiction.
(g) TN counties that contract with TDOC receive a contract fixed rate, fixed rate, contract reasonable allowable, or resolution allowable.
(h) The Commonwealth of Virginia does not designate a "maximum designed bed capacity for local jails." All jails have a certified rated operating capacity
as determined by square foot measurements of cell, dayroom and dormitory housing areas. Per 2013 Virginia Acts of Assembly, "The Compensation Board
shall provide payment to any locality with an average daily jail population of under ten in FY 95 an inmate per diem rate of $22 per day for local responsible
inmates and $28 per day for state responsible inmates held in these jails in lieu of personal service costs for correctional officers."

14

BUDGETARY ISSUES

Over the last 10 years expenditures in the region have increased 32.57%. With all 15
states reporting, the system wide average annual operating cost of housing an inmate in
an institution was $19,439. Expenditures varied by type of confinement unit. The annual
average cost of housing an inmate in a local jail was $10,148 (see previous Utilization of
Local Jails table) as compared to $21,757 in a state-operated Level One institution,
$19,503 in a Level Two type institution, $19,116 in a Level Three type institution,
$17,955 in Community Based type programs, and $15,386 in other institutional settings.
Note: These costs reflect only those services budgeted for and provided by the
respective corrections agencies.
Additionally, the system wide average cost per inmate per day for the southern states
was $54.92 per inmate per day with North Carolina spending the most at $75.54 per
inmate per day and Louisiana spending the least at $36.59 per inmate per day. North
Carolina spent the most on adult corrections per capita ($140.14), while Kentucky spent
the least ($65.29).

15

Table 14

ADULT CORRECTIONS OPERATING BUDGETS

(in thousands of dollars)


STATE
ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA

Actual
Corrections Expenditures
FY 03
(a)
FY 08
$274,300
$201,949
$1,726,497
$978,835

(a)

$417,600
$285,665
$2,328,296
$1,161,929

Actual
Corrections
Expenditures
FY 13

Projected
Corrections
Expenditures
FY 14

Percent Increase
FY 03 to
FY 08 to
FY 13
FY 13

$432,500
$320,227
$2,056,683
$1,190,138

$476,800
$325,892
$2,133,415
$1,145,892

57.67%
58.57%
19.12%
21.59%

3.57%
12.10%
-11.67%
2.43%

$286,967
$543,746
$360,303
$712,987

$278,769
$500,812
$383,165
$742,880

48.99%
23.93%
30.21%
45.51%

0.50%
-0.74%
3.51%
-18.77%

KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

$192,604
$438,759
$276,714
$489,989 (b)

NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE

$906,148
$434,506
$282,200
$475,607

$1,311,472
$535,263
$341,586
$623,064

$1,380,087
$523,438
$377,142
$835,712

$1,343,900
$520,875
$389,818
$948,442

52.30%
20.47%
33.64%
75.71%

5.23%
-2.21%
10.41%
34.13%

$2,489,504
$831,499
$63,223

$2,897,350
$1,025,080
$139,540

$3,105,856
$1,026,839
$187,065

$3,187,938
$1,057,512
$192,677

24.76%
23.49%
195.88%

7.20%
0.17%
34.06%

$10,062,334

$13,126,036

$13,339,690

$13,628,787

32.57%

1.63%

TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA
TOTAL

$285,533
$547,789
$348,089
$877,780 (b)

(a) As reported in the 2013 survey.
(b) Years prior to 2011 do not include fringe benefits.

16

Table 15

ANNUAL OPERATING COST PER INMATE BY TYPE OF INSTITUTION (a)
(FY 13 Actual)
System Wide Annual System Wide
Operating Cost
Average Cost
Per Inmate
Per inmate Day

Level
One

Level
Two

Level
Three

Community
Based

Other

ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA

N/A
$22,027
N/A
N/A

N/A
$20,718
N/A
N/A

N/A
$20,357
N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

$15,803
$22,969
$17,338
N/A

$41.46
$62.93
$47.50
N/A

KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

$16,673
$21,388
$12,501
$21,177

$18,856
$16,619
$13,122
$20,575

$27,820
$416
$18,765
$21,590

$12,406
$0
$0
$0

$1,110
$8,466
$0
$24,258

$18,940
$13,354
$15,381
$20,736

$59.31
$36.59
$42.14
$56.81

NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE

$33,317
$31,758
$15,098
$32,176

$27,674
$14,662
$13,546
$22,121

$24,042
$13,960
$14,821
N/A

N/A
$14,846
$12,600
N/A

N/A
$14,128
N/A
N/A

$27,572
$15,213
$14,219
N/A

$75.54
$41.68
$45.32
$64.72

TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA

$16,539
$19,239
$19,188

$17,184
$24,798
$24,164

$18,946
$27,603
$21,961

N/A
$32,137
$17,784

N/A
$0
$28,967

$17,624
$27,112
$26,448

$48.15
$74.28
$72.50

$21,757

$19,503

$19,116

$17,955

$15,386

$19,439

$54.92

STATE

AVERAGE

(b)

(a) Annual operating costs include those attributed to each corrections department. Expenditures associated with non-corrections
budget units for inmate support are not included (i.e. headquarters, capital outlay, or probation and parole).
(b) Average calculation includes only those states that provided cost data.
Note: A Level One Institution is an institution with maximum security inmates (extended lockdown and working cell blocks), medium and minimum security inmates.
A Level Two Institution consists of maximum security inmates (working cell blocks), medium and minimum security inmates or an institution with medium and
minimum security inmates. A Level Three Institution contains minimum security inmates only.
17

Table 16

SYSTEM WIDE AVERAGE OPERATING COST PER INMATE DAY

$36.59


LA

AL


$41.46


OK


$41.68

$42.14


MS


$45.32


SC


$47.50


FL


$48.15


TX


$54.92


SLC


$56.81


MO


$59.31


KY


$62.93


AR


$64.72


TN


$72.50


WV


$74.28


VA


$75.54


NC

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

18

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

Table 17

ADULT CORRECTIONS EXPENDITURES FOR SLC STATES

STATE

Adult Corrections
Expenditures
FY 13
(in thousands of dollars)

Total State
Inmates
FY 13*

Expenditures
Per Inmate
FY 13

Rank

Population
Est. 7/1/13

Expenditures
Per Capita
FY 13
Rank

ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA

$432,500
$320,227
$2,056,683
$1,190,138

28,769
14,756
100,884
55,245

$15,034
$21,701
$20,387
$21,543

12
6
9
7

4,833,722
2,959,373
19,552,860
9,992,167

$89.48
$108.21
$105.19
$119.11

13
10
11
6

KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

$286,967
$543,746
$360,303
$712,987

19,611
41,464
25,472
31,408

$14,633
$13,114
$14,145
$22,701

13
15
14
5

4,395,295
4,625,470
2,991,207
6,044,171

$65.29
$117.55
$120.45
$117.96

15
8
5
7

NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE

$1,380,087
$523,438
$377,142
$835,712

37,469
26,538
22,510
30,350

$36,833
$19,724
$16,754
$27,536

1
10
11
2

9,848,060
3,850,568
4,774,839
6,495,978

$140.14
$135.94
$78.99
$128.65

1
2
14
3

TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA

$3,105,856
$1,026,839
$187,065

150,931
37,452
7,096

$20,578
$27,417
$26,362

8
3
4

26,448,193
8,260,405
1,854,304

$117.43
$124.31
$100.88

9
4
12

$13,339,690

629,955

$21,176

116,926,612

$114.09

TOTAL/AVERAGE

*State and Local Jail Inmates as of July 1, 2013.
Note: Expenditures are total operating expenditures for adult corrections.
19

STAFFING PATTERNS AND SELECTED
INMATE CHARACTERISTICS

The states in the region were authorized employment of 107,530 security officers as of
July 1, 2013. Approximately 88.7% of those positions were filled. There was an average
of 6.0 inmates per filled security officer position in the region. State staffing patterns
varied from 3.3 inmates per filled security officer position in North Carolina to 16.2
inmates per filled officer position in Oklahoma. The average starting salary of a security
officer was $26,438, not including related benefits. Average training requirements were
228 hours of classroom work in the first year followed by 168 hours of on-the-job
training.
States require an average of 37 hours of in-service training each year
thereafter.
For the year ending July 1, 2013, the states reported a total of 8,494 assaults on
inmates by other inmates and 4,133 assaults on staff. There were 45 inmate deaths and
0 staff deaths. A total of 112 inmates attempted escape from prison grounds and 6 of
those inmates remained at-large.
In addition, this section of the report includes a table for the violent incidents per 1,000
inmates and selected characteristics of adult inmates.

20

7DEOH 18

POSITIONS, STAFFING RATIOS, AND STARTING SALARIES *


STATE

ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA

Correctional Officer
Positions
Authorized
Filled

(as of July 1, 2013)

State
Percent
Inmate
Filled
Population
2013

Inmate
to Filled
Officer
Ratio

Ratio
Rank

Average
Starting
Salaries

Salary
Rank

8.9
4.6
6.7
7.4

13
4
11
12

$28,517
$30,135
$31,045
$24,322

6
2
1
12

4,892
3,263
16,743
8,282

2,978
3,048
14,992
7,489

60.9%
93.4%
89.5%
90.4%

26,618
14,089
100,884
55,245

2,399
3,127
2,374
5,792

2,276
3,031
2,015
5,588

94.9%
96.9%
84.9%
96.5%

12,663
17,281
23,550
31,408

5.6
5.7
11.7
5.6

5
7
14
6

$23,346
$24,357
$22,006
$28,746

13
11
15
5

NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE

12,320
2,586
4,137
3,510

11,334
1,595
3,601
3,277

92.0%
61.7%
87.0%
93.4%

37,469
25,904
22,168
20,455

3.3
16.2
6.2
6.2

1
15
9
10

$28,826
$24,605
$25,060
$25,776

4
10
9
8

TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA

29,154
7,637
1,314

26,017
6,934
1,159

89.2%
90.8%
88.2%

150,931
30,087
5,355

5.8
4.3
4.6

8
2
3

$29,760
$27,485
$22,584

3
7
14

KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA (a)
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

TOTAL/AVERAGE
107,530
95,334
88.7%
574,107
6.0
$26,438
* Salary data is based on base annual salary and does not include retirement and other related benefits.
(a) Louisiana's Correctional Officer positions are for state run facilities; therefore, the inmate population was reduced by
2,960 inmates to reflect the inmates in 2 private institutions.

21

Table 19

CORRECTIONAL OFFICER STARTING SALARIES 

 
    
 
 
  

$22,006 


MS


$22,584 


WV


$23,346 


KY

GA


$24,322 


LA


$24,357 


OK


$24,605 

$25,060 


SC

TN


$25,776 


SLC AVG


26,438

$2
$27,485 


VA

AL


$28,517 


MO


$28,746 


NC


$28,826 

$29,760 


TX


$30,135 


AR


$31,045 


FL

$0 


$5,000 


$10,000 


$15,000 


22

$20,000 


$25,000 


$30,000 


$35,000 


Table 20

ADULT CORRECTIONAL OFFICER STATISTICS
(AS OF JULY 1, 2013)

ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA

Hours of
Classroom
Training
480
160
420
200

1st Year of Employment
On-the-Job
Training Hours
96
80
280
N/A

576
240
700
200

In Service
Each Year
Thereafter
32
40
40
20

Average
Turnover
Rate (%)
16.0%
23.8%
14.6%
27.0%

KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

120
120
200
160

N/A
40
160
80

120
160
360
240

40
40
40
30

29.0%
25.0%
49.8%
16.2%

NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE

200
240
200
160

80
960
20
160

280
1200
220
320

44
40
20
40

14.4%*
22.8%
21.5%
32.0%

TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA

200
440
120

104
80
40

304
520
160

40
44
40

24.4%
16.6%
20.0%

AVERAGE

228

168

373

37

22.6%

STATE

* Voluntary 12.02%, Involuntary 2.42%

23

Total

Table
21 21
Table

VIOLENT INCIDENTS PER 1,000 INMATES 

(FY 2012-13)


Assaults on
Inmates

STATE*

Deaths of
Inmates
Staff

Staff

Escapes (a)
Attempted
At-Large

No.

Per 1,000

No.

Per 1,000

No.

Per 1,000

No.

Per 1,000

No.

Per 1,000

No.

Per 1,000

ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA

43
750
1,175
2,316

1.62
53.23
11.65
41.92

9
439
268
718

0.34
31.16
2.66
13.00

4
1
14
7

0.15
0.07
0.14
0.13

0
0
0
0

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

35
5
4
0

1.31
0.35
0.04
0.00

3
0
0
0

0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00

KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

218
22
602
169

17.22
1.09
25.56
5.38

132
4
372
202

10.42
0.20
15.80
6.43

1
0
0
0

0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00

0
0
0
0

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

5
3
1
0

0.39
0.15
0.04
0.00

0
0
0
0

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE

832
297
326
443

22.21
11.47
14.71
21.66

736
83
368
704

19.64
3.20
16.60
34.42

1
2
1
2

0.03
0.08
0.05
0.10

0
0
0
0

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

8
20
13
4

0.21
0.77
0.59
0.20

0
0
0
0

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1,242
41
18

8.23
1.36
3.36

96
1
1

0.64
0.03
0.19

12
0
0

0.08
0.00
0.00

0
0
0

0.00
0.00
0.00

2
0
12

0.01
0.00
8.00

0
0
3

0.00
0.00
0.56

8,494

14.72

4,133

7.16

45

0.08

0

0.00

112

0.19

6

0.01

TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA
TOTAL

(b)

(a) Escapes from prison grounds.
(b) This is for calendar year 2012.
* State's definition of assault, when provided:
Arkansas defines assault as an attack that results in physical injury ranging from minor bruises or cuts needing no first aid to death or serious harm requiring
immediate hospitalization.
Louisiana defines assault as "with a weapon or with serious injury with or without a weapon."
Missouri defines assault as causing serious physical injury to another either with or without a weapon or through the use of any substance, instrument or
device which can cause physical injury, causing a person to come into contact with or throwing/projecting feces or bodily fluids, or subjecting an employee to
physical contact by kissing or touching the sexual parts.
North Carolina defines assault as with weapon, assault of inmate/another with sexual intent, assault inmate with throwing liquids, fight involving weapons.
South Carolina's assault is defined as an unlawful attempt or offer to commit a violent injury to another.
Texas defines serious assault as assault on staff or an offender that requires treatment beyond first aid.
West Virginia defines assault as resulting in serious injury.
24

Table 22

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES

(as of July 1, 2013)

Avg. Age
at
Commitment

STATE
ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

*

*

NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE

Avg.
Sentence
(Yrs.)

Avg. Time
Served
(Yrs.)

Race and Sex Distribution (b)
%
%
%
%
%
White
Black Hispanic Other
Male

# of Drug % of Drug
%
Offenders Offenders
per State Population
Female

33.0
34.0
34.1
34.0

6.0
9.1
5.1
4.5

3.0
4.0
4.3
4.0

50.1%
52.2%
47.9%
38.1%

49.3%
44.2%
47.9%
57.8%

-2.9%
3.6%
3.6%

0.5%
0.7%
0.4%
10.0%

86.0%
92.4%
93.0%
89.6%

14.0%
7.6%
7.0%
10.4%

3,067
2,342
17,035
4,360

10.7%
15.9%
16.9%
7.9%

33.0
32.7
33.8
33.9

6.4
5.6
6.3
12.1

2.7
2.4
2.8
2.2

71.3%
31.3%
33.7%
60.3%

26.1%
68.3%
65.3%
37.2%

1.4%
0.2%
0.7%
1.9%

1.2%
0.2%
0.3%
0.6%

90.2%
94.4%
87.2%
91.3%

9.8%
5.6%
12.8%
8.7%

12,980
9,802
6,298
7,991

66.2%
23.6%
24.7%
25.4%

33.0
34.2
33.0
33.8

2.5
7.0
4.0
5.4

1.8
2.5
2.1
5.3

36.6%
53.9%
33.2%
52.4%

55.6%
28.1%
63.9%
45.1%

-7.7%
2.0%
2.1%

7.8%
10.3%
0.9%
0.4%

93.3%
89.8%
93.7%
91.4%

6.7%
10.2%
6.3%
8.6%

4,887
9,727
3,812
3,011

13.0%
36.7%
16.9%
9.9%

31.5%
37.0%
86.8%

35.1%
60.0%
11.7%

32.9%
2.0%
0.6%

0.5%
1.0%
1.0%

92.0%
93.0%
90.0%

8.0%
7.0%
10.0%

24,439
9,865
739

16.2%
26.3%
10.4%

8.9%

8,024

21.4%

TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA

(a)

34.0
34.4
N/A

6.5
4.2
N/A

4.3
3.0
N/A

SLC AVERAGE

(b)

33.6

6.0

3.2

47.8%

46.4%

4.1%

2.4%

* Alabama and Louisiana's drug offenders include state inmates in state prisons and local jails.
(a) This information is for FY 12.
(b) Race and sex distribution percentages may not total 100% due to rounding.

25

91.1%

PROJECTED COSTS OF NEW PRISONS

Data was requested from each state on the projected cost of constructing and operating
a new medium security prison. According to the information received, the average size of
a planned facility is 1,480 beds and the average cost is $124.9 M. This equates to a
weighted average construction cost per bed of approximately $82,452. Costs per bed
range from $25,000 in Mississippi to $143,290 in Tennessee.
In addition, according to information received, the average annual operating costs of
these new security prisons is projected to be approximately $22.2 M or $15,099 per bed.

27

Table 24

SELECTED NEW MEDIUM SECURITY PRISONS: PROJECTED CONSTRUCTION COSTS

(as of July 1, 2013)



Capcy.

AL
AR
FL
GA

Design

Supervision

Contingencies

Equipment

Land

Other

Total

Cost per

Method of

Costs

Bed

Financing

1,800
2,000
1,335
1,500

$100,000,000
$184,971,428
$48,766,951
$93,457,900

N/A
$14,750,700
$2,558,577
$3,598,130

N/A
$0
$0
$1,542,056

N/A
$0
$3,443,094
$9,859,808

N/A
$0
$3,408,700
$2,000,000

N/A
$0
$0
$500,000

N/A
$0
$19,822,678
$0

$100,000,000
$199,722,128
$78,000,000
$110,957,894

$55,556
$99,861
$58,427
$73,972

N/A
Bonds
N/A
Bonds

1,000
500
1,000
1,636

$99,225,000
$23,624,640
$25,000,000
$113,660,500

$6,950,000
$1,417,477
N/A
$9,100,000

$500,000
$167,749
N/A
$3,410,000

$9,923,000
$1,374,953
N/A
$9,100,000

$2,500,000
$2,563,575
N/A
$10,230,000

$0
$812,462
N/A
N/A

$0
$0
N/A
$4,265,000

$119,098,000
$29,960,856
$25,000,000
$149,765,500

$119,098
$59,922
$25,000
$91,544

Bonds
Bonds
Bonds
Bonds

NC
OK
SC
TN

1,512
2,400
1,500
1,540

$108,648,600
$205,000,000
$105,900,000
$177,839,325

$12,310,000

N/A

$3,260,000

N/A

N/A

$8,304,000

in construction

in construction

in construction

in construction

in construction

in construction

$10,500,000
$14,306,130

$600,000

$5,000,000
$5,637,977

$4,500,000
$4,774,050

$1,200,000
$0

$4,000,000
$18,109,718

$87,647
$85,417
$87,800
$143,290

Cash
Bonds
Bonds

in design

$132,522,600
$205,000,000
$131,700,000
$220,667,200

Bonds/Cash

TX
VA
WV

1,000
N/A
2,000

$67,100,000
N/A
$160,000,000

$4,100,000
N/A

$6,800,000
N/A

$3,700,000
N/A

$4,700,000
N/A

$0
N/A

$400,000
N/A

in construction

in construction

in construction

in construction

in construction

in construction

$86,800,000
N/A
$160,000,000

$86,800
N/A
$80,000

Bonds
N/A
Bonds

$124,942,441

$82,452

KY
LA
MS
MO

*

Construction

*

(a)

AVG
1,480
* Women's prison design
(a) West Virginia listed construction costs between $120 M and $200 M.

28

Table 25

SELECTED NEW MEDIUM SECURITY PRISONS: PROJECTED OPERATING COSTS
(as of July 1, 2013)
Inmates
Per
Security
Guard

Annual
Operating
Cost

Average
Op. Cost
Per Bed

375
488
267
305

6.0
4.5
5.9
6.8

$12,600,000
$15,431,178
$23,145,563
$14,986,916

$7,000
$7,716
$17,338
$9,991

70
33
53
217

248
171
220
560

5.6
3.6
6.0
4.8

$14,895,000
$8,690,650
$12,000,000
$35,079,019

$14,895
$17,381
$12,000
$21,442

359
301
274
288

165
199
94
154

524
500
368
442

4.2
8.0
5.5
5.3

N/R
$35,632,397
$23,664,500
$30,907,900

N/A
$14,847
$15,776
$20,070

1,000
N/A
2,000

190
225
N/R

81
106
N/R

271
331
N/R

5.3
N/A
N/A

$15,326,350
$23,100,000
$45,000,000

$15,326
N/A
$22,500

1,480

261

102

362

5.5

$22,175,677

$15,099

Maximum Design
Capacity

Security

# Positions
Non-Security

Total

ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA

1,800
2,000
1,335
1,500

300
440
225
219

75
48
42
86

KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

1,000
500
1,000
1,636

178
138
167
343

NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE

1,512
2,400
1,500
1,540

TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA
AVERAGE

STATE

29

PROBATION AND PAROLE

Four states reported that the probation and/or parole functions are handled by agencies
other than the corrections departments. There are 1.1 million persons assigned to
supervised probation in the region. Based on information provided by those agencies
reporting, there are 14,578 probation and parole agents supervising the 1,085,953 total
probationers and parolees reported in the region.

30

Table 26

PROBATION AND PAROLE POPULATION
Number of Offenders

Number
of
Agents
252
434
1,981
840

Offenders
Per
Agent
254.6
129.4
76.4
225.1

Caseload
per
Agent
192.0
108.0
95.9
235.0

54,288
31,523
145,802
164,051

9,873
24,658
5,518
25,020

Total
Offenders
64,161
56,181
151,320
189,071

KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

31,036
42,946
29,853
50,937

14,628
26,646
6,508
18,113

45,664
69,592
36,361
69,050

552
510
301
1,085

82.7
136.5
120.8
63.6

82.2
137.0
125.0
178.3

NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE

98,320
21,096
29,040
58,022

1,612
3,057
465
13,115

99,932
24,153
29,505
71,137

1,659
281
321
759

60.2
86.0
91.9
93.7

N/A
86.0
N/A
94.0

278,616
49,530
893

87,662
1,781
1,996

366,278
51,311
2,889

4,740
809
54

77.3
63.4
53.5

107.5
N/A
54.0

Probationers


ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA

TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA

(a)
(a)
(b)

(a)

Parolees


TOTAL
1,085,953
240,652
1,326,605
14,578
107.7
124.6
(a) Probation and parole services are provided by a separate agency.
(b) Georgia Department of Corrections supervises only felony probationers. Parole is administered by a separate state
agency, Board of Pardons and Paroles.

31

Table 27
CASELOAD PER PROBATION/PAROLE AGENT

250.00


235.0


192.0

200.00


178.3


137.0

125.0


150.00

124.6


108.0


107.5


95.9


94.0


86.0


100.00


82.2


54.0

50.00


0.00

GA


AL


MO


LA


MS


SLC AVG


AR


32

TX


FL


TN


OK


KY


WV


Table 28

TOTAL STATE INMATES, PROBATIONERS, AND PAROLEES PER
100,000 POPULATION

(As of July 1, 2013)


Total
State Inmates

State
Inmates Per
100,000
Pop.

Rank
in
SLC

Total
Probationers
& Parolees

Probationers
& Parolees
Per 100,000
Pop.

Rank
in
SLC

Total
Inmates,
Probationers,
& Parolees

Per
100,000
Pop.

Rank
in
SLC

ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA

28,769
14,756
100,884
55,245

595
499
516
553

4
9
8
6

64,161
56,181
151,320
189,071

1,327
1,898
774
1,892

5
1
11
2

92,930
70,937
252,204
244,316

1,923
2,397
1,290
2,445

6
3
12
1

KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

19,611
41,464
25,472
31,408

446
896
852
520

13
1
2
7

45,664
69,592
36,361
69,050

1,039
1,505
1,216
1,142

9
3
6
7

65,275
111,056
61,833
100,458

1,485
2,401
2,067
1,662

9
2
4
7

NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE

37,469
26,538
22,510
30,350

380
689
471
467

15
3
10
11

99,932
24,153
29,505
71,137

1,015
627
618
1,095

10
12
14
8

137,401
50,691
22,510
30,350

1,395
1,316
1,089
1,562

10
11
13
8

TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA

150,931
37,452
7,096

571
453
383

5
12
14

366,278
51,311
2,889

1,385
621
156

4
13
15

517,209
88,763
9,985

1,956
1,075
538

5
14
15

TOTAL

629,955

539

1,326,605

1,135

1,855,918

1,587

STATE

33

TableTable
29 29

PROBATION AND PAROLE FUNDING



State
Funds

Supervision
Fees

Other
Funds

Total

$24,635,105
$35,008,282
$212,181,578
$97,888,146

$12,445,317
$9,331,977
$0
$0

$3,040,855
$587
$0
$7,825,743

$40,121,277
$44,340,846
$212,181,578
$105,713,889

$804
$931
$1,404
$649

3
5
10
2

(c)

$43,378,000
$43,093,167
$8,322,500
$106,999,510

$0
$18,689,329
$9,356,634
$16,612,524

$44,900
$149,691
$180,280
$0

$43,422,900
$61,932,187
$17,859,414
$123,612,034

$1,020
$885
$505
$1,677

6
4
1
14

NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA (a)
TENNESSEE
(a)

$171,679,141
$21,607,102
$3,175,814
$80,716,300

$0
$4,300,000
N/A
$557,700

$0
$0
N/A
$511,800

$171,679,141
$25,907,102
$3,175,814
$81,785,800

$1,656
$1,085
N/A
$1,171

13
7
N/A
8

TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA

$449,014,058
$71,764,951
$3,011,017

$7,855,240
$0
$891,809

$0
$2,370,241
$0

$456,869,298
$74,135,192
$3,902,826

$1,318
$1,452
$1,528

9
11
12

$1,372,474,671

$80,040,530

$14,124,097

$1,466,639,298

STATE
ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

TOTAL

(a)
(a)

(b)

Average
$91,498,311
$5,717,181
$1,008,864
(a) Probation and parole services are provided by a separate agency.
(b) Supervision fees are collected by Kentucky's Administrative Office of Courts
(c) Missouri began including fringe benefits in expenditures in FY 11.

34

$97,775,953

Exp.
Per Offender

$1,149

SLC
Rank

REHABILITATION

Fourteen states reported that they have Adult Basic Education and/or Literacy programs
and provide some form of Vocational Education to inmates within their system. The
number of inmates receiving their GED ranged from 181 in West Virginia to 5,230 in
Texas; though, the percentage of inmates (in state facilities) receiving their GED ranged
from 2.09% in Mississippi to 6.25% in Missouri.

35

Table 30

INMATE REHABILITATION

Adult Basic
Education

Literacy
Programs

Vocational
Education

Religious
Guidance

On-The-Job
Training

Number
Receiving
GED
FY 13

ALABAMA
ARKANSAS
FLORIDA
GEORGIA

25
2,467
4,535
1,719

15
0
679
724

51
297
3,730
787

268
793
56,355
1,704

22
892
279
1,121

646
665
2,862
1,276

N/A
2.50%
1.90%
0.79%

2.43%
4.72%
2.84%
2.31%

KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

418
1,516
360
4,452

246
366
65
1,130

637
1,187
342
405

N/A
102
21,353
35,868

637
10,692
N/A
0

434
692
493
1,962

1.30%
1.30%
1.26%
5.92%

3.43%
3.42%
2.09%
6.25%

NORTH CAROLINA
OKLAHOMA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE

1,781
740
2,606
2,471

(a)
693
237
189

2,625
402
411
1,966

576
5,763
18,352
8,031

N/A
402
163
N/A

2,232
1,017
863
615

4.14%
1.00%
2.76%
1.64%

5.96%
3.93%
3.89%
3.01%

16,023
2,649
N/A

(a)
2,021
N/A

2,740
3,145
N/A

326,872 (b)
10,712
N/A

5,448
400
N/A

5,230
1,035
181

3.20%
3.55%
N/A

3.47%
3.44%
3.38%

2,983

530

1,338

37,442

1,823

1,347

2.40%

Average Monthly
Enrollment

State

TEXAS
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA
AVERAGE

(a) Adult Basic Education and Literacy program figures are combined.
(b) Many offenders involved in more than one program.

36

% of Budget
Allocated to
Rehab
Programs

% of inmates
(state facilities)
receiving
GED

PRISON INDUSTRIES

All fifteen states reported maintaining a prison industries program. Total sales in all
product lines reported by corrections departments were approximately $487.6 M. The
operations employed 23,114 inmates, who worked an average of 7 hours per day.

37

Table 31

PRISON INDUSTRIES

(FY 2012-13)


State
ALABAMA

Total Sales
$14,630,000

Net Profit
$644,000

# Inmates
Employed
536

ARKANSAS

$7,171,076

$1,172,173

500

$7.25

6

$64,392,122

$4,076,027

3,723

$0.20
to
$0.55

6.6

FLORIDA *

**

*Prison Industries are operated by a private not-for-profit corporation
(PRIDE Enterprises), which was authorized by the Florida Legislature to

Inmate
Pay/Hr.
$0.38

Hrs./Day/
Inmate
7

operate and manage the prison industries for the state in 1981.
**Results are from calendar year 2012.

GEORGIA

Largest Product Lines
Line
License Plates
Printing
Fleet Services
Construction/Remodeling
Garments/Clothing
Bus Barn *
Garment
Janitorial
Furniture
Duplicating
* includes chairs, athletic
equipment, matrresses and
metal fabrication
General Manufacturing
Graphics and Digital
Services
Agriculture
Sewn Products

State Use Law
Gross Sales
Yes No
$4,140,000
x
$2,150,000
$1,900,000
$1,400,000
$1,250,000
$1,749,899
$1,701,375
$990,311
$919,172
$840,752

x

$24,081,498
$12,407,529
$11,962,166
$8,527,708
$7,413,221

x

x

$30,188,745

$1,317,103

900

N/A

7

Garments
Metal
Signs
Printing
Chemical

$6,236,745
$5,664,811
$3,253,586
$3,053,037
$2,989,587

KENTUCKY

$9,822,316

$483,890

700

$0.60

6.5

Print
Tags
Clothing
Soap
Furniture

$2,208,447
$2,058,650
$1,378,813
$937,299
$582,263

x

LOUISIANA

$18,553,690

$1,218,479

863

$0.20

8

Canteen Sales
Garments
License Plates
Cleaning Supplies
Mattress, Broom, Mop

$10,091,176
$3,102,186
$1,645,459
$1,284,330
$796,017

x

MISSISSIPPI

$6,503,320

$1,770

339

$0.28
to
$7.25

7

Textiles
Metal Fabrication
Furniture & Service
Warehouse Distribution
Printing

38

$2,997,491
$1,290,211
$886,015
$724,830
$604,773

x

Table 31

PRISON INDUSTRIES
State
MISSOURI

Total Sales
$28,078,843

Net Profit
($2,331,549)

# Inmates
Employed
1,350

Inmate
Pay/Hr.
$0.60

Hrs./Day/
Inmate
7

Largest Product Lines
Line
Consumables
Furniture
Laundry
License & Engraving
Clothing

State Use Law
Gross Sales
Yes No
$5,358,688
x
$5,256,974
$4,954,362
$3,975,822
$3,831,518

N. CAROLINA

$90,316,511

($2,545,800)

4,350

$0.21

8

Meat Processing
Sewing
Laundries
Highway Signage
Janitorial

$18,873,013
$11,822,054
$9,266,015
$7,131,546
$6,241,388

x

OKLAHOMA

$15,862,962

$1,886,127

1,133

$0.38

7.5

Modular Furniture
Tags
Metal Fabrication
Upholstry
Office Furniture

$1,941,273
$1,697,305
$1,637,571
$1,412,736
$1,174,469

x

S. CAROLINA

$20,938,721

($412,467)

1,400

$0.57

7.82

Modular Furniture/Seating
Printing
Apparel
Signs
Retread

$2,629,350
$1,711,018
$1,247,597
$1,213,120
$879,368

x

TENNESSEE *

$39,075,657

$515,172

937

$4.36

5

$2,900,000

4,881

N/A

$53,601,429

$834,648

1,252

W. VIRGINIA

$8,294,991

$814,788

250

TOTAL/AVG.

$487,630,383

$10,574,361

23,114

Food Products
Wood Flooring
Textiles
License Plates
Farm Products

$14,453,029
$5,804,203
$5,756,594
$3,531,759
$2,215,982

N/A

Garment
License Plate & Sticker
Metal
Graphics
Furniture

$25,000,000
$20,500,000
$14,200,000
$9,100,000
$9,000,000

x

$0.70

5.49

Wood Furniture
Office Systems
License Tags
Clothing
Metal Furniture

$19,050,470
$6,760,915
$6,647,010
$5,942,984
$4,833,731

X

$0.74

7

Printing
License Plates
Furniture
Inmate Clothing
Seating

$1,892,475
$1,247,173
$750,403
$971,545
$586,553

X

$1.62

6.85

*Prison Industries are operated by an independent state agency,
TRICOR (TN Rehabilitative Initiative in Correction), which receives no
state-appropriated funds for the management of this program.

TEXAS

*

$80,200,000

The State of Texas does not pay offenders.

VIRGINIA

39

x

PRIVATIZATION

Privatization of services for thirteen SLC states encompasses a wide array of services.
They include, but are not limited to the following: (1) Medical & Drug Treatment Services;
(2) Halfway Houses, Community Rehabilitation Centers, and Work Release Centers; (3)
Food Services; and (4) Management of Prison Facilities. The total value of these services
by those states reporting is $1.76 B for approximately 362,057 inmates.
Also reported in the case of privatization of prison facilities is the cost per day per
offender (SLC average - $38.37).

40

Table 32

Table 32

PRIVATIZATION OF SERVICES

(FY 2012-13)

State

Type of Services

Alabama

Inmate Health Services
Contract Beds

Annual
Value of Service
$89,200,000
$90,000,000

Number of
Inmates/Beds
26,605
952

$58,819,112

14,388

Private Prison Facilities
Cost per day % of state
per offender
inmates
$32.00

3.6%

Arkansas

Medical Services

Florida

Private Prisons
Contract Work Release
Health Services Contract*
* Health Services Contract includes the
comprehensive health care contract only,
which was phased-in the latter part of FY 13.

$162,786,684
$19,343,839
$12,371,877

10,113
1,571
4,557

$43.86

11.2%

Georgia

Facility Operations (private prisons)

$134,900,000

7,900

$52.75

12.0%

Kentucky

Halfway House Beds
Male
Female
Private Prisons:
Marion Adjustment Center - Minimum
Marion Adjustment Center - Medium
Food Services
Medical Services

551
$31.61 per inmate day
$32.64 per inmate day
4.0%
$37.99 per inmate day
$47.98 per inmate day
$12,398,873
$55,778,319

551
276
12,095
21,785

Louisiana

Private Prisons

$34,695,471

2,960

$32.11

16.5%

Mississippi

Private Prisons
County Regional Facilities
Medical Services

$67,201,366
$47,236,350
$61,413,996

4,258
4,354
19,987

$38.16

23.0%

Missouri

Medical/Mental Health
Substance Abuse

$146,644,098
$5,119,387

31,246
7,984

North Carolina

No services provided by private sector

Oklahoma

Halfway Houses (Male and Female)
Private Prisons (Medium)
Private Prisons (Maximum)
Medical

$18,091,178
$73,735,956
$7,832,512
$3,173,688

1,162
4,767
368
6,297

$47.56

24.1%

41

PRIVATIZATION
OF SERVICES

Table 32
(FY 2012-13)

State

Type of Services

South Carolina

No services provided by private sector

Tennessee

Facility Operation
Medical
Mental Health
Food Service

Texas

Private Non-Secure Facilities
Halfway House
Substance Abuse *
* Includes Residential and Relapse Beds
Private Secure Facilities
Correctional Centers **
Lockhart Work Program **
State Jails **
Pre-Parole Transfer **
Intermediate Sanction Facilities
Contracted SAFP
Driving While Intoxicated Facility
** Figures include health care services
(approximately $5.13 per day)

Virginia

West Virginia

Value of Service

Number of
Inmates/Beds

Private Facilities
Cost per day % of state
per offender
inmates

$94,349,100
$67,894,300
$9,999,000
$6,104,600

5,104
19,895
14,791
14,791

$51.68

25.7%

$26,800,000
$28,300,000

1,880
1,874

$39.06
$41.40

8.8%

$55,600,000
$6,300,000
$79,900,000
$28,800,000
$32,400,000
$6,300,000
$8,600,000

4,118
500
7,345
2,300
2,125
336
500

$36.97
$34.63
$29.79
$34.34
$41.83
$51.52
$46.95

Medical Services
Pharmacy Services
Renal Dialysis Services
Third Party Administrator
Food Operations
Commissary Operations
Correctional Center

$74,300,000
$7,200,000
$2,100,000
$63,500,000
$2,770,000
$2,200,000
$23,500,000

12,000
16,700
50
30,000
2,350
30,000
1,553

$41.50

4.9%

Medical Services
Food Services

$24,912,809
$6,726,401

4,460
4,658

$1,759,298,916

362,057

$38.37

13.4%

Total/Average

42

STATE PROFILES

STATE PROFILES
The data collected from the individual survey responses was compiled into a “Corrections
State Profile” for each state. These profiles include inmate demographics, the most
frequently committed crimes in each state, HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis C, court order
requirements in each state, and state initiatives. The initiatives discussed for 2013
include “The Elderly and Infirmed Population in the Corrections System,” “Prison Based
Substance Abuse Treatment Programs,” and “Pre-Release/Post-Release (Reentry)
Programs.”

43

ALABAMA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Average Age At Commitment:

STATE RESPONSE:
33 years

Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older:
Average Sentence for New Commitments:
(excluding life sentences)

1,482 inmates
6.00 years

Average Time Served By Those Released:
(excluding life sentences)

3 years

The Three (3) Most Frequently Committed Crimes For Which
Inmates are Currently Serving Time:

Race and Sex Distribution:
Percentage White
Percentage Black
Percentage Hispanic
Percentage Other
Percentage Male
Percentage Female

50.10%
49.30%
N/A
0.60%
86.00%
14.00%

Number of Inmates Serving Life
Number of Inmates Serving Life (Without Parole)
New Commitments to Life Sentences:

3,003 inmates
1,224 inmates
111 inmates

Percentage of inmates that are considered to have mental
and/or emotional health conditions:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

A. Drugs
B. Personal
C. Property

44

11.27%

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

ALABAMA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Inmates Serving Death Sentences:

STATE RESPONSE:
193 inmates

Inmates Executed in FY 13

0 inmates

Inmates Serving Twenty (20) Years or More:
Inmates That Have Already Served Twenty (20)
Years of Their Current Sentence:
Inmates Admitted Who Were Parole Violators:
Number of technical parole violators:
Number of new crime parole violators:
Inmates Released from Custody in FY 13 for the following:
Expiration of Sentence
Parole
Goodtime
Probation
Death
Other (transfer, court order, bond/appeal)
Total
Method In Which "Goodtime" is Calculated:
Is Medical-Early or Compassionate Release Allowed:

10,956 inmates
1,431 inmates
476 inmates
100 inmates
173 inmates
3,781
2,716
N/A
4,782
104
820
12,203

inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates

N/A
Yes

The Alabama Medical Furlough Act became a law on September 1, 2008 and provides the
Commissioner of DOC discretionary authority to grant medical furloughs for terminally ill,
permanently incapacitated, and geriatric inmates who suffer from a chronic infirmity, illness,
or disease related to aging, and who do not constitute a danger to themselves or society.

Number of inmates released in FY 13 based on the above:
Inmates between the ages of 17 and 20:

375 inmates

Recidivism rate for total population base 3 years after release:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

0 inmates

45

32.64%

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

ALABAMA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Number of AIDS Cases:
Number of Inmates Tested for HIV Antibodies

STATE RESPONSE:
13 inmates
14,409 inmates

Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

Yes
N/A
N/A
N/A
Intake/Discharge
45 inmates

Systems Frequency of Testing:
Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies:
Alabama currently does not segregate or isolate AIDS/HIV inmates.

Number of known Hepatitis C Cases:
Number of Inmates being treated for Hepatitis C:

2,303 inmates
4 inmates

Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

N/A
N/A
N/A
Yes
As Needed

Systems Frequency of Testing:

Alabama currently does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

46

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

ALABAMA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
COURT ORDER REQUIREMENTS
The Alabama Department of Corrections is currently under a state court order for the year
ending June 30, 2013. They have been under state court order since 1999. The court order
requirements include: removal of state ready inmates from county jails, creation of a
secular substance abuse program and elimination of separate housing units for HIV
positive inmates.

STATE INITIATIVES
Elderly or Infirmed Inmates
The Alabama Department of Corrections (ADOC) operates a 300-bed facility for aged and
infirmed inmates. Compassionate release recommendations are submitted to the parole board
on a case by case basis.
Prison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
The ADOC established drug treatment programs in 1988. Currently the ADOC offers 73 drug
treatment programs within 23 facilities. At intake, approximately 75% of inmates have a
documented or self-reported history of illicit drug use. At any given time, 20% of the inmate
population participates in substance abuse programs. Inmates needing substance abuse
treatment are assigned to one of the following programs:
1. Pre-Treatment
2. 8-Week Substance Abuse Program
3. 8-Week Secular Substance Abuse Program
4. 8-Week APRI SAP
5. 15-Week Co-occurring Disorders Program
6. 6-Month Crime Bill Program (RSAT)
7. 6-Month Secular SAP Program
8. Relapse Treatment Program
9. Aftercare
10. Therapeutic Community
11. Restart Program
12. Aftercare Secular SAP

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

47

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

ALABAMA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
STATE INITIATIVES (continued)
Prison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs (continued)
13. Pre-Treatment Secular SAP
14. MATRIX Program
Pre-release/Post-release ("reentry") Programs
The ADOC utilizes a group therapy approach as an integral part of drug treatment
programming to promote cohesiveness, interpersonal learning, and self-understanding.
Group processes instill hope and acceptance allowing the inmate to have a better
understanding of the various factors associated with substance abuse.

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

48

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

ARKANSAS CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Average Age At Commitment:
Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older:

STATE RESPONSE:
34 years
622 inmates

Average Sentence for New Commitments:
(excluding life sentences)

9.1 years

Average Time Served By Those Released:
(excluding life sentences)

3.9 years

The Three (3) Most Frequently Committed Crimes For Which
Inmates are Currently Serving Time:

Race and Sex Distribution:
Percentage White
Percentage Black
Percentage Hispanic
Percentage Other
Percentage Male
Percentage Female

52.20%
44.20%
2.90%
0.70%
92.40%
7.60%

Number of Inmates Serving Life
Number of Inmates Serving Life (Without Parole)
New Commitments to Life Sentences:

887 inmates
596 inmates
25 inmates

Percentage of inmates that are considered to have mental
and/or emotional health conditions:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

A. Manufacture/
Delivery/Possession
Controlled Substance
B. Rape
C. Aggravated Robbery

49

10.10%

Southern Legislative Conference:
Louisiana Legislative Fiscal Office

ARKANSAS CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Inmates Serving Death Sentences:

STATE RESPONSE:
37 inmates

Inmates Executed in FY 13:

0 inmates

Inmates Serving Twenty (20) Years or More:
Inmates That Have Already Served Twenty (20)
Years of Their Current Sentence:

5,417 inmates

Inmates Admitted Who Were Parole Violators:
Number of technical parole violators:
Number of new crime parole violators:

1,328 inmates
670 inmates
658 inmates

Inmates Released from Custody in FY 13 for the following:
Expiration of Sentence
Parole
Goodtime
Probation
Death

277
5,911
0
0
47

Other (Boot Camp and Released to Interstate Compact)
Total

244 inmates
6,479 inmates

Method In Which "Goodtime" is Calculated:

N/A

Is Medical-Early or Compassionate Release Allowed:

984 inmates

inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates

Yes

Request is initiated, either by inmate, family member, medical staff, or other.
Evaluation conducted and submitted to the Parole Board for approval.

Number of inmates released in FY 13 based on the above:
Inmates between the ages of 17 and 20:

335 inmates

Recidivism rate for total population base 3 years after release:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

1 inmate

50

41.60%
Southern Legislative Conference:
Louisiana Legislative Fiscal Office

ARKANSAS CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Number of AIDS Cases:
Number of Inmates Tested for HIV Antibodies

STATE RESPONSE:
32 inmates
14,873 inmates

Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

Yes
N/A
Yes
N/A

Systems Frequency of Testing:
Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies:

Intake, Incident

7 inmates

The Arkansas Department of Corrections does segregate AIDS or HIV infected inmates.

Number of known Hepatitis C Cases:
Number of Inmates being treated for Hepatitis C:

1,576 inmates
12 inmates

Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

Yes
N/A
Yes
Yes

Systems Frequency of Testing:

High risk groups,
Ordered by physician

Arkansas currently does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

51

Southern Legislative Conference:
Louisiana Legislative Fiscal Office

ARKANSAS CORRECTIONS PROFILE
COURT ORDER REQUIREMENTS
The Arkansas Department of Corrections is not currently under a federal or state court order.

STATE INITIATIVES
Elderly or Infirmed Inmates
The Arkansas Department of Corrections does not house elderly inmates based upon their age
any differently than all other inmates. Some inmates require housing in medical barracks;
however, that is not based upon their age, but upon their health. There is legislation that
allows for early release based upon medical reasons that cannot be addressed within the
Department, but age is not a factor. A Special Needs Unit was constructed by the Department
at the Ouachita Unit in Malvern, Arkansas, which expanded the number of beds for all
medical and mental health related issues for male inmates of all ages. There has been a Special
Needs Unit constructed at the female facility in Newport, Arkansas as well.
Prison-Based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
The Arkansas Department of Corrections provides alcohol and drug treatment services under
licensure from the DHHS Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention (OADAP) division. Substance
Abuse Treatment Programming (SATP) expenses for FY 10 are approximately $1,844,689 (this
amount includes Federal funding of approx. 5%). Arkansas has SATP, which is a minimum of
6 months residential treatment with a total of 418 beds at 7 units. It is funded by general state
revenues. There is also a 9-12 month Therapeutic Community treatment program that has 226
beds at 3 units, which is funded by a grant. Programs are evaluated daily through clinical
supervision, with quarterly and annual audits by OADAP. Grantor requires a quarterly
report, which includes a 3-year recidivism study based upon any arrest on new charges.
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs
The Arkansas Department of Corrections provides Pre-Release Programs at several facilities.
In these programs inmates attend class 1/2 day for approximately 100 class days, not
including weekends and holidays. The purpose of this program is to educate inmates on the
importance of setting socially acceptable goals and developing healthy ways of achieving
these goals. Modules in this program include such topic areas as: Community Resources,
Character Traits, Anger Management, Living Skills, Values and Responsibility, Parenting,

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

52

Southern Legislative Conference:
Louisiana Legislative Fiscal Office

ARKANSAS CORRECTIONS PROFILE
STATE INITIATIVES (continued)
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs (continued)
Relapse Prevention, Job Skills, Budget and Finances, Job Skills, Search and Retention and
Parole Education. Funding for the program comes from general state revenues for positions
and operating costs.
Arkansas' newest faith based program, Pathway to Freedom, modeled after InnerChange
Freedom Initiative (IFI) that was operated by Prison Fellowship for several years but was cut
in Arkansas over a year ago due to funding issues. Currently, Pathway to Freedom is
available for male inmates, and the state has a program available for the female inmates called
Advanced Principal Application for Life Skills (APALs). These programs are voluntary
pre-release programs that promote transformation from the inside out.

ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS
In addition to the adult inmate population incarcerated and reported by the Arkansas
Department of Corrections, Arkansas currently has in operation five residential based facilities
which house minimum-security inmates with felony sentences not exceeding two years.
Community Corrections also operates a 60-day Technical Violator Program. In an effort to
include this population in the survey, the following data has been submitted for
information purposes only:
This population totaled 1,461 as of July 1, 2012 and 1,518 as of July 1, 2013. The projected
inmate population is 1,603 in year 2018 and 1,603 in 2023. The maximum designed capacity
was 1,603 on July 1, 2012 and 1,603 on July 1, 2013. The actual operating budget for FY 13 is
$83 M with an average cost per day per inmate of $67.07. These figures reflect only the
Department of Community Corrections. On July 1, 2013 there were 304 filled correctional
officer positions out of 324 established correctional officer positions. The entry-level base
annual salary of a correctional officer on July 1, 2013 was $25,268. Classroom training totaling
160 hours is required with an additional 40 hours of on-the-job training and 40 hours of
in-service training per year. The turnover rate for correctional officers is 18.44%.
The average age at commitment of inmates is 33 years with 276 inmates being 50 years or
older. The three most frequently committed crimes for which inmates are currently serving are

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

53

Southern Legislative Conference:
Louisiana Legislative Fiscal Office

ARKANSAS CORRECTIONS PROFILE
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS (continued)
1. Manufacture, Delivery, Possession of Controlled Substance, 2. Forgery and 3.
Theft of Property. The Race and Sex distribution is 67% White, 32% Black, 0.6%
Hispanic, and 0.4% Other, of which 73% are males and 27% are females.
The number of inmates released from custody in FY 13 for Expiration of Sentence was 1,
Parole 2,467, Probation 713, Goodtime 485, Deaths 1, and Other (releases to Arkansas
Department of Corrections) 161, for a total of 3,828.
The number of inmates between the age of 17 and 20 years old is 157. The recidivism
rate for the total population base 3 years after release is 22.5%.
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs
The Arkansas Department of Community Corrections (DCC) has a pre-release program that
starts 3 months before an offender is released to the community. A parole officer, counselor
and other DCC staff agree on an after-care plan for the offender. Program participants receive
substance abuse, mental health, transitional living, educational determinations, and other
services identified in the after-care plan.
Other Initiatives:
Arkansas Career Education awarded funding to DCC for the continuance of the welding
programs implemented. The appropriate staff has been hired and the inaugural classes for
the funding cycle began during the first week of September. The current schedule will allow
for 3 classes, each spanning a period of 8 weeks, permitting 60 residents to receive welding
certificates.
DCC is partnering with the Arkansas Department of Corrections and the Arkansas Parole Board
to initiate the 2010 Offender Reentry Project (ORP) with the goal of reducing recidivism and
ensuring public safety. The target population is offenders that are past their parole eligibility
date because of housing that is not approved, not completed APB stipulated programming, or
do not have an approved parole plan. The group of offenders could include sex offenders,
offenders with mental health issues, and offenders with substance abuse problems. Once
release is approved, a reentry plan will be the focus for programs and services that address the
risks and needs of the inmate. The U.S. Department of Justice provided $1,337,614 ($668,807
Federal and $668,807 state) to initiate the project.

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

54

Southern Legislative Conference:
Louisiana Legislative Fiscal Office

FLORIDA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Average Age At Commitment:
Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older:

STATE RESPONSE:
34.1 years
3,613 inmates

Average Sentence for New Commitments:
(excluding life sentences)

5.1 years

Average Time Served By Those Released:
(excluding life sentences)

4.3 years

The Three (3) Most Frequently Committed Crimes For Which
Inmates are Currently Serving Time:

Race and Sex Distribution:
Percentage White
Percentage Black
Percentage Hispanic
Percentage Other
Percentage Male
Percentage Female

48.00%
48.00%
3.60%
0.40%
93.00%
7.00%

Number of Inmates Serving Life
Number of Inmates Serving Life (Without Parole)
New Commitments to Life Sentences:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

A. Robbery with weapon
B. Burglary, dwelling
C. Drugs, manufacture/sale/purchase

3,714 inmates
8,815 inmates
492 inmates

55

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

FLORIDA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Inmates Serving Death Sentences:

STATE RESPONSE:
405 inmates

Inmates Executed in FY 13

4 inmates

Inmates Serving Twenty (20) Years or More:
Inmates That Have Already Served Twenty (20)
Years of Their Current Sentence:
Inmates Admitted Who Were Parole Violators:
Number of technical parole violators:
Number of new crime parole violators:
Inmates Released from Custody in FY 13 for the following:
Expiration of Sentence
Parole
Goodtime
Probation
Death
Other (Conditional release, executions, and other release mechanisms)
Total
Method In Which "Goodtime" is Calculated:
Is Medical-Early or Compassionate Release Allowed:

29,235 inmates
6,091 inmates
N/R
N/R
N/R
20,984
32
N/A
5,085
327
6,709
33,137

inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates

N/A
Yes

The Florida Parole Commission in conjunction with the Dept. of Corrections
will consider an inmate eligible for release under the conditional medical
release program when the inmate, because of an existing medical or physical
condition, is determined to be permanently incapacitated or terminally ill.

Number of inmates released in FY 13 based on the above:
Inmates between the ages of 17 and 20:

8 inmates
3,034 inmates

Recidivism rate for total population base 3 years after release:

27.60%

Percentage of inmates that are considered to have mental
and/or emotional health conditions:

17.01%

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

56

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

FLORIDA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Number of AIDS Cases:
Number of Inmates Tested for HIV Antibodies

STATE RESPONSE:
N/R
N/R

Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R

Systems Frequency of Testing:
Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies:

N/R
N/R

The Florida Department of Corrections does not segregate or isolate HIV-infected inmates.

Number of known Hepatitis C Cases:
Number of Inmates being treated for Hepatitis C:

N/R
N/R

Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

N/R
N/R
N/R
N/R

Systems Frequency of Testing:

N/R

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

57

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

FLORIDA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
COURT ORDER REQUIREMENTS
The Florida Department of Corrections is currently under a federal court order for
the year ending June 30, 2013. Florida DOC has been under federal court order since
2010. The court order requires the department to not use chemical agents on
specific inmates.
STATE INITIATIVES
Elderly or Infirmed Inmates
The Florida Department of Corrections does not house or treat inmates based solely on age.
Elderly inmates are housed in most of the department's major institutions consistent with
their custody level and medical needs. Reception and Medical Center has a 100-bed
licensed hospital on-site in Lake Butler, Florida, and also cares for chronically ill and elderly
inmates. The department is able to care for inmates on ventilators at the hospital as well.
The F-dorm at South Florida Reception Center features 84 beds designated for palliative and
long-term care. The facility also provides a step down care for inmates who can be discharged
from hospitals but are not ready for an infirmary level of care at an institution. The South
Unit of the Central Florida Reception Center is specifically designated for special needs
inmates, including the elderly, as well as palliative care inmates. At Zephyrhills, 2 dorms are
specifically designed for elderly inmates as well as inmates with complex medical needs.
Lowell Correctional Institution has a dorm specifically designated for female inmates with
complex medical needs, including the elderly.
Prison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
On July 1, 2000, the Florida Department of Corrections implemented mandatory substance
abuse program participation for inmates meeting select criteria. An automated screening
and priority placement system was implemented to identify inmates meeting the criteria for
the program and to prioritize them based on risk to public safety and severity of addiction.
Florida's In-Prison Substance Abuse Programs Offers:
-Intensive Outpatient Programming: 4-6 month outpatient (within prison setting) program
at designated institutions for 1/2 day at least 4 days a week with a minimum of 12 hours of
counselor-supervised activities.
-Residential Therapeutic Community: 9-12 month program housed within institution or a
designated community-based facility.
-Program Centers: 16-24 month program model designed to assist inmates nearing release
to make successful transition to the community. Inmates who successfully complete the
COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

58

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

FLORIDA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
STATE INITIATIVES (continued)
Prison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs (continued)
initial intensive programming component (9-12 months) are eligible to participate in the
work release component.
-Work Release Centers: contracted substance abuse counselors operate in 19 departmentoperated work release centers to provide outpatient services (4 months in length) and
aftercare services to inmates based on their identified needs.
Total funding for all 4 programs is $26,763,503 ($24,805,019 state funds and $1,958,484
trust/grant funds).
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs
The Florida DOC does have pre-release programs and provides post-release assistance for
inmates to facilitate a smooth transition from prison to the community. The Bureau of
Substance Abuse Program Services contracts with faith-based organizations in the
community for the provision of the programs. Transitional housing programs exist to assist
newly released inmates in their transition from institution to the community by offering a
structured and supportive environment.
1. 100-hour transition program is a statutorily mandated comprehensive transition program
that covers job readiness and life management skills. This training is provided to all
inmates within the 18 month period prior to their release from a Florida prison.
2. The Florida DOC operates four re-entry facilities. One of the main differences between a
re-entry facility and other facilities is the involvement in the community. By locating inmates
closer to their county of release the department has been able to foster stronger connections
with their families and community service providers.
3. The department has launched the Thinking for a Change (T4C) program statewide. T4C is
offered to select inmates who will be released within 36 months.
4. In an effort to facilitate a smooth transition for returning offenders to the community a
Transition Passport (TAP) was developed. The pocket-sized booklet is a resource tool and is
meant to be used as a guide to assist during the inmates' transition period.
5. The Re-Entry Resource Directory is a user-friendly tool that enables a person looking for
resources such as career counseling, debt management, substance abuse counseling, dental
services, free clinics, shelters and many other services to find available resources within
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FLORIDA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
STATE INITIATIVES (continued)
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs (continued)
zip code, city, county or circuit.
6. The Florida Department of Corrections is one of ten states to partner with Sesame
Street's Little Children, Big Challenges: Incarceration series. As part of the Family
Reunification Initiative, the Bureau of Transition and Substance Abuse Treatment
Services recently launched a partnership with Sesame Street to provide resources
to families with an incarcerated parent.
7. Substance Abuse Treatment Services contracts with post-release transitional
housing organizations to assist recently released inmates in their transition from
institution to community.

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GEORGIA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Average Age At Commitment:
Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older:

STATE RESPONSE:
34 years
1,885 inmates

Average Sentence for New Commitments:
(excluding life sentences)

4.5 years

Average Time Served By Those Released:
(excluding life sentences)

4.0 years

The Three (3) Most Frequently Committed Crimes For Which
Inmates are Currently Serving Time:

Race and Sex Distribution:
Percentage White
Percentage Black
Percentage Hispanic
Percentage Other
Percentage Male
Percentage Female

38.11%
57.77%
3.62%
0.10%
89.58%
10.42%

Number of Inmates Serving Life
Number of Inmates Serving Life (Without Parole)
New Commitments to Life Sentences:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

A. Murder
B. Armed Robbery
C. Burglary

7,257 inmates
850 inmates
308 inmates

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GEORGIA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Inmates Serving Death Sentences:

STATE RESPONSE:
91 inmates

Inmates Executed in FY 13:

1 inmate

Inmates Serving Twenty (20) Years or More:
Inmates That Have Already Served Twenty (20)
Years of Their Current Sentence:

2,598 inmates

Inmates Admitted Who Were Parole Violators:
Number of technical parole violators:
Number of new crime parole violators:

2,059 inmates
771 inmates
1,288 inmates

Inmates Released from Custody in FY 13 for the following:
Expiration of Sentence
Parole
Goodtime
Probation
Death
Other
Total
Method In Which "Goodtime" is Calculated:
Is Medical-Early or Compassionate Release Allowed:

3,547 inmates

6,899
10,772
N/A
N/A
154
3,490
21,315

inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates

N/A
Yes

(Only the Board of Parole may grant medical reprieves.)

Number of inmates released in FY 13 based on the above:
Inmates between the ages of 17 and 20:

0
1,699 inmates

Recidivism rate for total population base 3 years after release:

27.34%

Percentage of inmates that are considered to have mental
and/or emotional health conditions:

16.66%

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GEORGIA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Number of AIDS Cases:
Number of Inmates Tested for HIV Antibodies
Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

STATE RESPONSE:
N/A
20,375 inmates
Yes
N/A
Unknown
N/A

Systems Frequency of Testing:

Initial intake, exit,
clinical decision

Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies:

322 inmates

The Georgia Department of Corrections does not isolate HIV-infected inmates.

Number of known Hepatitis C Cases:
Number of Inmates being treated for Hepatitis C:

unknown
15 inmates

Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

Yes
N/A
N/A
N/A

Systems Frequency of Testing:

Initial intake, exit,
clinical decision

The Georgia Department of Corrections does not isolate Hepatitis C inmates.

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GEORGIA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
COURT ORDER REQUIREMENTS
The Georgia Department of Corrections is not currently under a federal or state court order.
STATE INITIATIVES
Elderly or Infirmed Inmates
The Georgia Department of Corrections (GDC) operates several "special needs" facilities to
accommodate inmates that are frail, aging or those with disabilities. There are 3 facilities for
males and one for females. They are Autry State Prison, Coastal State Prison, Augusta State
Medical Prison and Pulaski State Prison.
Prison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
The Georgia Department of Corrections has 6 substance abuse treatment programs. GDC
offers: Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Programs, Substance Abuse Aftercare Services,
Central Georgia Technical College Customer Service, Matrix Early Recovery Skills, Model,
Matrix Relapse Prevention Skills, and Motivation for Change. GDC evaluates by measuring
three-year felony reconviction rates. Recidivism rates for those in the substance abuse
programs are compared with those in the general population.
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs
Georgia partners and collaborates with several Community-Based Organizations and
Faith-Based Organizations that provide pre-release and post-release services. Pre-release
programming includes reentry skills building, life skills, job readiness, civics, ethics, parenting,
financial literacy, GED, substance abuse, and cognitive restructuring. In general, GDC refers
ex-offenders to community-based service providers and partnering state agencies for
post-release services.

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KENTUCKY CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Average Age At Commitment:
Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older:

STATE RESPONSE:
33 years
1,134 inmates

Average Sentence for New Commitments:
(excluding life sentences)

6.4 years

Average Time Served By Those Released:
(excluding life sentences)

2.7 years

The Three (3) Most Frequently Committed Crimes For Which
Inmates are Currently Serving Time:

Race and Sex Distribution:
Percentage White
Percentage Black
Percentage Hispanic
Percentage Other
Percentage Male
Percentage Female

71.30%
26.10%
1.40%
1.20%
90.20%
9.80%

Number of Inmates Serving Life
Number of Inmates Serving Life (Without Parole)
New Commitments to Life Sentences:

806 inmates
98 inmates
33 inmates

Percentage of inmates that are considered to have mental
and/or emotional health conditions:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

A. Trafficking of a Controlled Substance
B. Possession of a Controlled Substance
C. Burglary

65

23.00%

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LA Legislative Fiscal Office

KENTUCKY CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
STATE RESPONSE:
33 inmates

PROFILE QUESTION
Inmates Serving Death Sentences:
Inmates Executed in FY 13:

0 inmates

Inmates Serving Twenty (20) Years or More:
Inmates That Have Already Served Twenty (20)
Years of Their Current Sentence:

3,774 inmates

Inmates Admitted Who Were Parole Violators:
Number of technical parole violators:
Number of new crime parole violators:

6,996 inmates
3,974 inmates
3,022 inmates

Inmates Released from Custody in FY 13 for the following:
Expiration of Sentence
Parole
Goodtime
Probation
Death
Other (sex offender discharge, active release, court, escape, home incarceration)
Total

702 inmates

130
12,309
4,695
1,713
50
126
19,023

inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates

Method In Which "Goodtime" is Calculated:
Inmates are eligible for received meritorious good time (7 days per month served),
educational good time/program credit (90 days per program or degree) and work
for time credit (1 day for every 40 hour worked).

Is Medical-Early or Compassionate Release Allowed:
Number of inmates released in FY 13 based on the above:
Inmates Between the ages of 17 and 20:

3 inmates
346 inmates

Recidivism rate for total population base 3 years after release:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

Yes

66

37.90%
Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

KENTUCKY CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Number of AIDS Cases:
Number of Inmates Tested for HIV Antibodies
Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

STATE RESPONSE:
8 inmates
352 inmates
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

Systems Frequency of Testing:
Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies:

Symptomatic & Upon Request

85 inmates

Kentucky does not segregate HIV-infected inmates.

Number of known Hepatitis C Cases:
Number of Inmates being treated for Hepatitis C:

1,002 inmates
17 inmates

Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

Systems Frequency of Testing:

Symptomatic & Upon Request

Kentucky does not segregate Hepatitis C inmates, but does have a Hepatitis Management
Plan to address, prevent, and control hepatitis viruses in the correctional setting.

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KENTUCKY CORRECTIONS PROFILE
COURT ORDER REQUIREMENTS
The Kentucky Department of Corrections is not currently under a federal or state court order.
STATE INITIATIVES
Elderly or Infirmed Inmates
At this time, the elderly and infirmed are housed with KY State Reformatory amongst 3
different dorms; DAL, Dorm 10, and Nursing Care Facility. KY does not currently have a
separate facility for these special needs inmates, but there has been discussion about a facility
in the future as elderly inmates continue to become a larger percentage of our overall
population.
Prison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
The KY DOC provides substance abuse treatment within a Therapeutic Community model
for prison based substance abuse programming for male and female prisoners. The cost to
provide these programs is $10,513,329 ($9,831,921 state funds and $681,408 grant funds).
The evaluation process is in conjunction with the University of Kentucky Center for Alcohol &
Drug Research. The contract requires random sample tracking of inmates one year post-release.
The state compares the recidivism rates for those in treatment and in the general population.
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs
The Department of Corrections operates several pre-release and post-release services related
to reentry. If incarcerated in one of the prison facilities, the offender may complete the New
Direction program which seeks to address reentry barriers that offenders may face upon
release. This program has 19 modules with over 26 contact hours required to complete the
coursework.
KY DOC offers literacy classes, vocational training, substance abuse programs, GED courses,
college courses, faith based assistance and mentoring to assist with the transition back
into the community. In addition, evidence-based programming to include the sex offender
treatment program, Moral Reconation Therapy, Pathfinders, Thinking for a Change and
Seeking Safety, a trauma-informed care group are provided.

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KENTUCKY CORRECTIONS PROFILE
STATE INITIATIVES (continued)
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs (Continued)
Parolee Orientation Rehabilitation Training Assimilation Lesson Plan (PORTAL) is available
in 10 of the 19 District Probation and Parole offices. It addresses 12 areas: the Mechanics of
Community Supervision, Employment Workshop, Financial Issues, GED/Adult Education,
Health and Wellness, Nutrition, Relationship Issues, Stress and Anger Management,
Smoking Cessation, Addiction, Effective Parenting Skills, and Decision Making.
For all offenders, family members, and the community at large, there is a 24/7 reentry hotline
manned by offenders at one of the state institutions. The hotline provides resources for
housing, employment, counseling, clothing banks, etc. for all areas of Kentucky.
House Bill 463, enacted on June 8, 2011, requires the department to release a significant
number of offenders on mandatory reentry supervision. The number of releases, as compared
to previous years, will increase dramatically. After the initial releases in January 2012, the
number will decrease because there will be fewer individuals eligible for mandatory
reentry supervision. HB 463 also expanded the Home Incarceration Program, which
influences a number of releases.

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LOUISIANA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Average Age At Commitment:
Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older:

STATE RESPONSE:
32.7 years
3,344 inmates

Average Sentence for New Commitments:
(excluding life sentences)

5.6 years

Average Time Served By Those Released:
(excluding life sentences)

2.4 years

The Three (3) Most Frequently Committed Crimes For Which
Inmates are Currently Serving Time:

Race and Sex Distribution:
Percentage White
Percentage Black
Percentage Hispanic
Percentage Other
Percentage Male
Percentage Female

31.30%
68.30%
0.20%
0.20%
94.40%
5.60%

Number of Inmates Serving Life
Number of Inmates Serving Life (Without Parole)
New Commitments to Life Sentences:

86 inmates
4,674 inmates
129 inmates

Percentage of inmates that are considered to have mental
and/or emotional health conditions:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

A. Drug Offenses
B. Homicides
C. Robbery

70

17.00%

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

LOUISIANA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Inmates Serving Death Sentences:

STATE RESPONSE:
83 inmates

Inmates Executed in FY 13:

0 inmates

Inmates Serving Twenty (20) Years or More:
Inmates That Have Already Served Twenty (20)
Years of Their Current Sentence:

2,213 inmates

Inmates Admitted Who Were Parole Violators:
Number of technical parole violators:
Number of new crime parole violators:
Number with Waiver Pending:

5,070
1,169
402
3,499

inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates

1,391
822
14,406
267
138
67
17,091

inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates

Inmates Released from Custody in FY 13 for the following:
Expiration of Sentence
Parole
Goodtime
Probation
Death
Other (released to I.N.S., court order, conviction overturn)
Total

5,496 inmates

Method In Which "Goodtime" is Calculated:
Release of any inmate convicted of a crime (unless violent or sexual)
committed after July 1992 and generally calculated as earning 35 days for every
30 days served.

Is Medical-Early or Compassionate Release Allowed:
Number of inmates released in FY 13 based on the above:
Inmates Between the ages of 17 and 20:

10 inmates
1,114 inmates

Recidivism rate for total population base 3 years after release:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

Yes

71

35.10%

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

LOUISIANA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Number of AIDS cases:
Number of inmates testing positive for AIDS antibodies:
Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

STATE RESPONSE:
162 inmates
6,465 inmates
Yes
N/A
N/A
N/A

Systems Frequency of Testing:

As Needed, Upon
Admission, Prior to
Release, Clinically indicated

Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies:

533 inmates

The Louisiana Department of Corrections does not segregate or isolate HIV-infected
inmates.

Number of known Hepatitis C Cases:
Number of inmates being treated for Hepatitis C:

1,886 inmates
1,886 inmates

Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

Systems Frequency of Testing:

Clinically Indicated

The Louisiana Department of Corrections does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C
inmates.

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LOUISIANA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
COURT ORDER REQUIREMENTS
The Louisiana Department of Corrections is not currently under a federal or state court order.

STATE INITIATIVES
Elderly or Infirmed Inmates
Reception centers for the Louisiana DOC are responsible for the initial medical and mental
health screenings of offenders upon arrival. There are 2 facilities within the department that
are considered to be a Level of Care 1 facility that provide extensive medical and mental
health services. In addition to routine medical and mental health services, each facility also
provides specialty clinic visits and diagnostic services, including basic radiology.
Laboratory is also available.
Elayn Hunt Correction Center (EHCC) is a male facility with a capacity of 2,125 offenders.
The facility is the reception center for all state facilities and conducts the initial medical and
mental health screenings of offenders. The intake facility, called the Adult Reception and
Diagnostic Center (ARDC) houses approximately 452 offenders. The medical and mental
health screenings along with classification screenings are key elements in determining the
permanent housing for each offender. EHCC is also the mental health treatment center for
the department and consists of 48 beds to provide acute and long term psychiatric services.
Also within EHCC is the Skilled Nursing Unit (SNU) which provides extensive inpatient
medical services. It began operating in 1976 with 28 beds. The unit began expanding in 1998
with funding from state and federal programs. The new SNU opened in January 2011 with
a 64 bed capacity.
In addition, the R.E. Barrow, Jr. Treatment center, located at LA State Penitentiary at Angola,
LA, is a fully staffed medical facility with a total of 623 skilled nursing beds divided
between 2 units.
These units also provide an End of Life Care program, Hospice, and Palliative Care for the
patients that are terminally ill.
Each institution has a Chronic Disease management plan.
The Keep on Person Medication Program is available to offenders for self administration
of approved medications.
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LOUISIANA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
STATE INITIATIVES (continued)
Prison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
Every institution has substance abuse treatment and education programs. Each institution
also provides pre-release counseling services. In addition, the residential pre-release "Blue
Walters" drug treatment program is operating in cooperation with Richwood Correctional
Center.
LA Correctional Institute for Women uses the Living in Balance Curriculum for their
substance abuse program, which lasts 8 1/2 weeks with a pre- and post-test. The program
is open only to offenders that are in general population. LCIW does not track recidivism
rates for participants once they are released. The actual cost of the program was $1,214.
The LA DOC offers a nine-month intensive substance abuse program located in a parish
facility. The Steve Hoyle Intensive Substance Abuse Program at Bossier Parish Sheriff's
Medium Security Facility provides therapy for addiction and its underlying causes. The
treatment curriculum for the program is modeled after the IMPACT Program previously
housed at Forcht Wade Correctional Center. The program is supported through state funds
with a budget focused on the salaries of approximately $250,000 for the substance abuse
providers. The program is also supported by 2 federal grants (Residential Substance Abuse
Treatment Grant and Second Chance Act Grant).
The Concordia Correctional Treatment Program in Ferriday, LA, is a 40-bed facility for male,
adult offenders. Funded through grants from LA Commission on Law Enforcement
received from the federal Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for State Prisoners (RSAT),
and Office of Addictive Disorders, the facility has been in operation since May 1997 and has
treated upwards of 800 inmates with substance abuse problems. The program lasts for 150
days and inmates are placed in the program at the beginning of their last 150 days of
incarceration. The ratio of clients to counselors in the program is 14:1, based on grant
requirements from the Office of Behavioral Health.
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs
Reentry begins at reception for offenders entering state prisons with a variety of
assessments. An individual reentry plan is developed, monitored, and adjusted based on
progress and conduct. The department began using a validated criminogenic risk and needs
assessment and screening tool from Texas Christian University in FY 13 for intake into state
prisons. A post-test version of this tool offered prior to an offender's release would provide
specific feedback on changes in the offender's criminogenic risks and needs since intake.

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LOUISIANA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
STATE INITIATIVES (continued)
Prison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs (continued)
When an offender is within 6 months of release they are required to participate in a 100 hour
pre-release curriculum that instructs offenders in the areas of: substance abuse, money
management, communications, values development, victim awareness, abiding by
conditions of probation and parole, housing, employment, and resources in the community.
Additionally all institutions offer a variety of programs within the therapeutic community
aimed at improving the offender's transition back into the community. The department
provides formal educational programming in the areas of basic literacy, Adult Basic
Education (ABE), General Education Development (GED), Job/Life Skills, and vocational
training. All institutions have annual Community Resource Fairs, which target offenders
who are within a year of release. Day Reporting Centers were created for probation and
parole violators who are at the point of being re-incarcerated for technical violations. They
remain in the community receiving treatment or services in needed areas. During FY 11
three local reentry programs opened in cooperation with sheriffs in each region.

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MISSISSIPPI CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Average Age At Commitment:
Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older:

STATE RESPONSE:
33.81 years
706 inmates

Average Sentence for New Commitments:
(excluding life sentences)

6.28 years

Average Time Served By Those Released:
(excluding life sentences)

2.83 years

The Three (3) Most Frequently Committed Crimes For Which
Inmates are Currently Serving Time:

Race and Sex Distribution:
Percentage White
Percentage Black
Percentage Hispanic
Percentage Other
Percentage Male
Percentage Female

33.70%
65.30%
0.70%
0.30%
87.19%
12.81%

Number of Inmates Serving Life
Number of Inmates Serving Life (Without Parole)
New Commitments to Life Sentences:

568 inmates
1,520 inmates
70 inmates

Percentage of inmates that are considered to have mental
and/or emotional health conditions:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

A. Drug Possession
B. Burglary
C. Property

76

14.14%

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

MISSISSIPPI CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Inmates Serving Death Sentences:

STATE RESPONSE:
49
inmates

Inmates Executed in FY 13:

0

inmates

Inmates Serving Twenty (20) Years or More:
Inmates That Have Already Served Twenty (20)
Years of Their Current Sentence:

1,706

inmates

697

inmates

Inmates Admitted Who Were Parole Violators:
Number of technical parole violators:
Number of new crime parole violators:

1,208
0
1,208

inmates
inmates
inmates

Inmates Released from Custody in FY 13 for the following:
Expiration of Sentence
Parole
Goodtime
Probation
Death
Other (house arrest, earned release supervision, medical release)
Total

1,894
2,015
0
2,341
71
3,175
9,496

inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates

Method In Which "Goodtime" is Calculated:

N/A

Is Medical-Early or Compassionate Release Allowed:
Number of inmates released in FY 13 based on the above:
Inmates Between the ages of 17 and 20:

1,485 inmates

Recidivism rate for total population base 3 years after release:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

Yes
8

77

32.98%

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

MISSISSIPPI CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Number of AIDS Cases:

STATE RESPONSE:
63 inmates

Number of Inmates Tested for HIV Antibodies

All at Intake

Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

N/A
N/A
Yes
Yes

Systems Frequency of Testing:

Intake, Clinically Indicated

Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies:

217 inmates

Mississippi does not segregate or isolate HIV-infected inmates.

Number of known Hepatitis C Cases:
Number of Inmates being treated for Hepatitis C:

356 inmates
0 inmates

Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

N/A
N/A
Yes
Yes

Systems Frequency of Testing:

N/A

The Mississippi Department of Corrections (MDOC) indicated they do not segregate or
isolate inmates with Hepatitis C.

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

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MISSOURI CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Average Age At Commitment:
Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older:

STATE RESPONSE:
33.86 years
1,025 inmates

Average Sentence for New Commitments:
(excluding life sentences)

12.12 years

Average Time Served By Those Released:
(excluding life sentences)

2.22 years

The Three (3) Most Frequently Committed Crimes For Which
Inmates are Currently Serving Time:

Race and Sex Distribution:
Percentage White
Percentage Black
Percentage Hispanic
Percentage Other
Percentage Male
Percentage Female

60.25%
37.17%
1.92%
0.66%
91.27%
8.73%

Number of Inmates Serving Life
Number of Inmates Serving Life (Without Parole)
New Commitments to Life Sentences:

1,750 inmates
1,087 inmates
66 inmates

Percentage of inmates that are considered to have mental
and/or emotional health conditions:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

A. Robbery 1st Degree
B. Distribution/Delivery Controlled Substance
C. Burglary 2nd Degree

80

15.91%

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

MISSOURI CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Inmates Serving Death Sentences:

STATE RESPONSE:
47 inmates

Inmates Executed in FY 13:

0 inmates

Inmates Serving Twenty (20) Years or More:
Inmates That Have Already Served Twenty (20)
Years of Their Current Sentence:

7,405 inmates

Inmates Admitted Who Were Parole Violators:
Number of technical parole violators:
Number of new crime parole violators:

6,358 inmates
3,380 inmates
2,978 inmates

Inmates Released from Custody in FY 13 for the following:
Expiration of Sentence
Parole
Goodtime
Probation
Death
Other
Total
Method In Which "Goodtime" is Calculated:
Is Medical-Early or Compassionate Release Allowed:
Number of inmates released in FY 13 based on the above:
Inmates Between the ages of 17 and 20:

1,585
12,087
N/A
4,535
76
42
18,325

inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates

N/A
Yes
3 inmates
841 inmates

Recidivism rate for total population base 3 years after release:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

695 inmates

81

48.40%

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

MISSOURI CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Number of AIDS Cases:
Number of Inmates Tested for HIV Antibodies
Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

STATE RESPONSE:
96 inmates
39,010 inmates
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Systems Frequency of Testing:

Admission, Exit, Exposure,
Offender Request

Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies:

35 inmates

The Missouri Department of Corrections does not segregate or isolate HIV-infected inmates.

Number of known Hepatitis C Cases:
Number of Inmates being treated for Hepatitis C:

4,211 inmates
22 inmates

Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

Systems Frequency of Testing:

Discretion of Physician,
High Risk Behavior

The Missouri Department of Corrections does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.
Education and counseling are provided on intake and request.

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MISSOURI CORRECTIONS PROFILE
COURT ORDER REQUIREMENTS
The Missouri Department of Corrections is not currently under federal or state court orders.
Missouri was under Federal order between 1983 and 1992 and has not been under a state
court order within the last 15 years.
STATE INITIATIVES
Elderly or Infirmed Inmates
In general, Missouri has its elderly inmates mainstreamed in the regular population. The
Department of Corrections operates one 30-bed housing area where inmates of this type live
together, but they continue to participate in most general activities. Medical services are
contracted on a per diem basis for the entire population, so no specific medical costs are
experienced. There is also no specific funding or legislation that addresses the elderly inmates.
Missouri allows inmates with serious medical problems to be considered for parole.
Prison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
*Women's Eastern Assessment and Comprehensive Substance Abuse Treatment Center substance abuse programming for women: $49.23 per assessment, $14.00 per offender per day,
to include all other substance abuse services
*Western Reception Comprehensive Substance Abuse Services - 325 beds contracted
$49.80 per assessment, all other services to include short term program services $8.07 per
offender per day, intermediate program services $7.96 per offender per day and partial day
treatment services $9.60 per offender per day
*Maryville Treatment Center - 525 beds, 300 of them contracted, substance abuse for men $9.19
per day per offender, intermediate and long-term treatment programs
*Ozark Correctional Center Therapeutic Community Services - 650 beds, 12 months program
$7.56 per offender per day for long-term therapeutic community programs
*Chillicothe Women's Treatment Center - (256 beds) $14 per per offender, per day includes
Short-Term Program, Intermediate Program, Long-term Program, Partial Day Treatment
*Northeast Correctional Center - Intermediate program for 6 months and long term for 12
months, 31 beds, $19.47 per offender per day
Missouri Department of Corrections has a number of substance abuse treatment programs with
services provides by the department substance abuse treatment staff. Currently, the department
estimates an approximate cost of $12 per offender per day and includes Boonville Treatment
Center, Cremer Therapeutic Community Center, Fulton Reception Diagnostic Correctional
Center, Farmington Treatment Program, and Western Regional Treatment Center.
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MISSOURI CORRECTIONS PROFILE
STATE INITIATIVES (continued)
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs
Missouri was chosen as the first state to implement a model created by the National Institute of
Corrections in 2002. In October 2009, the Governor signed an Executive Order directing the
the Department of Corrections to continue to lead a permanent interagency steering team for
the Missouri Reentry Process. Various federal, state and community agencies have partnered
to strengthen the reentry process. The Missouri Department of Corrections offers more than
200 programs within their institutions that, if an offender qualifies for and participates in
can assist them in gaining and enhancing skills/tools that can aid in becoming more successful,
productive community members.

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

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NORTH CAROLINA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Average Age At Commitment:
Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older:

STATE RESPONSE:
33 years
1,843 inmates

Average Sentence for New Commitments:
(excluding life sentences)

2.50 years

Average Time Served By Those Released:
(excluding life sentences)

1.80 years

The Three (3) Most Frequently Committed Crimes For Which
Inmates are Currently Serving Time:

Race and Sex Distribution:
Percentage White
Percentage Black
Percentage Hispanic
Percentage Other
Percentage Male
Percentage Female

36.64%
55.59%
N/A
7.77%
93.26%
6.74%

Number of Inmates Serving Life
Number of Inmates Serving Life (Without Parole)
New Commitments to Life Sentences:

1,865 inmates
1,255 inmates
79 inmates

Percentage of inmates that are considered to have mental
and/or emotional health conditions:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

A. Habitual Felon
B. Robbery with a dangerous weapon
C. Murder - second degree

85

38.34%

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

NORTH CAROLINA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Inmates Serving Death Sentences:

STATE RESPONSE:
151 inmates

Inmates Executed in FY 13:

0 inmates

Inmates Serving Twenty (20) Years or More:
Inmates That Have Already Served Twenty (20)
Years of Their Current Sentence:
Inmates Admitted Who Were Parole Violators:
Number of technical parole violators:
Number of new crime parole violators:
Inmates Released from Custody in FY 13 for the following:
Expiration of Sentence
Parole
Goodtime
Probation
Death
Other (commutation, safe keepers release, court order)
Total
Method In Which "Goodtime" is Calculated:

1,726 inmates
141 inmates
14 inmates
127 inmates

15,555
5,749
N/A
N/A
80
1,071
22,455

inmates
inmates

inmates
inmates
inmates

N/A

Is Medical-Early or Compassionate Release Allowed:
Number of inmates released in FY 13 based on the above:
Inmates Between the ages of 17 and 20:

Yes
10 inmates
1,317 inmates

Recidivism rate for total population base 3 years after release:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

8,248 inmates

86

24.10%

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

NORTH CAROLINA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Number of AIDS Cases:
Number of Inmates Tested for HIV Antibodies
Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

STATE RESPONSE:
221 inmates
21,498 inmates

N/A
N/A
Yes
Yes

Systems Frequency of Testing:
Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies:

Incident, High Risk

381 inmates

The North Carolina Department of Corrections does not segregate or isolate HIV-infected inmates.

Number of known Hepatitis C Cases:
Number of Inmates being treated for Hepatitis C:

328 inmates
75 inmates

Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

N/A
N/A
N/A
Yes

Systems Frequency of Testing:

N/A

The North Carolina Department of Corrections does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

87

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NORTH CAROLINA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
COURT ORDER REQUIREMENTS
The North Carolina Department of Corrections is not currently under a federal or state
court order.
STATE INITIATIVES
Elderly or Infirmed Inmates
An Aging Inmate Study was completed that made recommendations for addressing the issue of
elderly or infirmed inmates. The data on aging inmates is revised annually in order to track
changes in the aging population. Randolph Correctional Center can accommodate up to 100
inmates in a long-term care facility.
The NC Legislature passed legislation allowing for the parole of geriatric inmates projected to be
within six months of death; or permanently and totally disabled inmates, except those convicted of
class A and B crimes (primarily first and second degree murder) or those who have to register as
sex offenders at release.
Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
The North Carolina Department of Corrections has the following substance abuse treatment
programs:
Prison-based programs within the Division of Alcoholism and Chemical Dependency Programs (DACDP)
are operated within selected minimum and medium custody prison units. Eligibility for DACDP
prison-based treatment programs is established during diagnostic processing and utilizes the
Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory as a severity indicator for substance abuse problems.
Programs are based on Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions and encompass two service levels:
intermediate and long-term treatment services. Intermediate treatment programs provide
intensive outpatient services for 90 days in 10 prison facilities across the state. Long-term
intensive treatment programs in 6 prison facilities range in length from 120 - 365 days and are
designed to treat the seriously addicted inmates who are in need of intensive treatment.
The effectiveness of substance abuse programs are measured by assessing if: substance abuse
services are provided to the inmates who are identified as needing treatment; a sufficient number
of inmates who enter the programs actually complete the program; the completers are continuing

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NORTH CAROLINA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
STATE INITIATIVES (continued)
Substance Abuse Treatment Programs (continued)
their recovery through group meetings and other activities; and the inmates who complete the
pre-release community transition programs are still active in the recovery process upon release
from the Department.
Additionally, participants are tracked in the programs through a separate treatment substance
abuse module, ACD, which interfaces with the inmate tracking system used by prisons, OPUS.
The North Carolina Sentencing Commission is comparing the recidivism rates for those in
substance abuse programs to those inmates in the general population to see if there is a difference.
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs
North Carolina does not have a specific statewide pre-release program but is currently in the
process of enhancing procedures by implementing components of evidence based practices.
Additionally, North Carolina is working with a number of community based organizations to
provide reentry services in the community. Offenders are provided with 2 pieces of
identification upon their release and each offender receives a Transition Document upon release.
North Carolina offers a variety of programs to help prepare offenders for the transition:
*Community Volunteer Program
*Community Leave Program
*Work Release Program
*Home Leave Program
*Vocational Programming
*Post Release Referrals
*Correction Enterprises
*Inmate Construction Program
*Office of Reentry and Transition Services

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

89

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LA Legislative Fiscal Office

OKLAHOMA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Average Age At Commitment:
Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older:

STATE RESPONSE:
34.2 years
963 inmates

Average Sentence for New Commitments:
(excluding life sentences)

7.00 years

Average Time Served By Those Released:
(excluding life sentences)

2.50 years

The Three (3) Most Frequently Committed Crimes For Which
Inmates are Currently Serving Time:

Race and Sex Distribution:
Percentage White
Percentage Black
Percentage Hispanic
Percentage Other
Percentage Male
Percentage Female

53.91%
28.08%
7.72%
10.29%
89.82%
10.18%

Number of Inmates Serving Life
Number of Inmates Serving Life (Without Parole)
New Commitments to Life Sentences:

1,926 inmates
793 inmates
122 inmates

Percentage of inmates that are considered to have mental
and/or emotional health conditions:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

A. Possession of Controlled Substance
B. Distribution of CDS/Possession with Intent
C. Burglary - Second Degree

90

55.11%

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

OKLAHOMA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Inmates Serving Death Sentences:

STATE RESPONSE:
55 inmates

Inmates Executed in FY 13

6 inmates

Inmates Serving Twenty (20) Years or More:
Inmates That Have Already Served Twenty (20)
Years of Their Current Sentence:
Inmates Admitted Who Were Parole Violators:
Number of technical parole violators:
Number of new crime parole violators:

8,175 inmates
1,322 inmates
94 inmates
34 inmates
60 inmates

Inmates Released from Custody in FY 13 for the following:
Expiration of Sentence
Parole
Goodtime
Probation
Death
Other
Total

4,026
576
N/A
3,039
92
0
7,733

Method In Which "Goodtime" is Calculated:

N/A

Is Medical, Early or Compassionate Release Allowed:

inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates

Yes

Medical, early release is implemented through a parole process algorithm.

Number of inmates released in FY 13 based on the above:
Inmates Between the ages of 17 and 20:

519 inmates

Recidivism rate for total population base 3 years after release:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

0 inmates

91

21.18%

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

OKLAHOMA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Number of AIDS Cases:

STATE RESPONSE:
136 inmates

Number of Inmates Tested for HIV Antibodies

9,102 inmates

Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

Yes
N/A
Yes
Yes

Systems Frequency of Testing:

Offenders Request, High Risk,
Physician's Discretion, Admission

Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies:

56 inmates

The Oklahoma Department of Corrections does not segregate or isolate HIV-infected inmates.

Number of known Hepatitis C Cases:
Number of Inmates being treated for Hepatitis C:

1,479 inmates
16 inmates

Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

N/A
N/A
Yes
Yes

Systems Frequency of Testing:

Offenders Request, High Risk,
Physician's Discretion, Admission

Oklahoma currently does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates. However, treatment is
limited to 4 ODOC facilities, which have specific expertise in the treatment of Hepatitis C.

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

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OKLAHOMA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
COURT ORDER REQUIREMENTS
The Oklahoma Department of Corrections is not currently under a federal or state court order.

STATE INITIATIVES
Elderly or Infirmed Inmates
Elderly offenders are housed in various units across the DOC. Those offenders who cannot
function in the general population are housed in an infirmary bed (48 infirmary beds are
available and distributed among 4 facilities), or are housed in the "J unit" at Joseph Harp
Correctional Center, a handicapped accessible facility that serves approximately 200
chronically ill offenders, including approximately 60 offenders confined to a wheelchair or
walker. It is estimated that the cost of care for elderly offenders is approximately three times
that of younger offenders.
Prison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
The Oklahoma Department of Corrections utilizes evidence-based research in the design and
delivery of substance abuse treatment to offenders. All substance abuse treatment (SAT)
programs currently utilize a cognitive behavioral model of treatment. Placement into SAT
programs is based on an assessed need. SAT programs vary in length from 4 months to 1 year.
DOC spends a total of $1.2 M in federal and state funds on SAT, excluding personnel and
operating expenses (DOC funds total $503,052). Oklahoma DOC has 8 treatment programs
statewide. Oklahoma Department of Mental Health & Substance Abuse funds another four
substance abuse treatment programs. OK DOC contracts with 1 private prison that provides
treatment and also funds 3 public facility programs.
Pre-release/Post-release ("reentry") Programs
The Oklahoma Department of Corrections does not consider reentry to be a program but a
process that encompasses various methods of addressing the needs of the offender. At
reception, an offender's needs are assessed to identify criminogenic behaviors and referrals
to meet the basic needs upon release. The method by which an offender receives reentry
services is dependent upon the individual offender. Each offender will have participated in at
least one of the following prior to release:
1) Community Corrections - Offenders eligible for community corrections prior to release will
receive reentry services at those facilities. These services include work programs, substance

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OKLAHOMA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
STATE INITIATIVES (continued)
Pre-release/Post-release ("reentry") Programs (continued)
abuse aftercare, continuing education, transportation resources, and reestablishment of
family and community ties.
2) Institutional Pre-Release - The facility case managers ensure the offender has the support and
necessary contact information to access community resources based on their individual needs.
Case managers assist in securing the appropriate identification necessary to access benefits,
services, and employment in the community.
3) In Reach - Any group that comes into a facility in order to work with an offender in creating
a pre-release plan prior to release. Examples of In Reach organizations are: faith based groups,
tribal groups, other state agencies, and staff of non-profit organizations designed to assist
offenders with basic reentry services.
4) Mental Health Reentry Program - DOC and the Oklahoma Department of Mental Health
partner to better transition offenders with serious mental illness into appropriate community
based mental health services in the community following discharge from prison. DOC also
partners with the Oklahoma Department of Social Services to help obtain federal benefits for
offenders with disabling serious mental illness.
The Oklahoma DOC was a successful applicant for Second Chance Act funding and has
developed a program located at the Oklahoma City Community Corrections Center. The
program has been operational since April 2010, and has served approximately 272 offenders.
The program is designed to remove barriers to reentry and reduce offender recidivism.

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

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SOUTH CAROLINA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Average Age At Commitment:
Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older:

STATE RESPONSE:
33 years
904 inmates

Average Sentence for New Commitments:
(excluding life sentences)

4 years

Average Time Served By Those Released:
(excluding life sentences)

2.1 years

The Three (3) Most Frequently Committed Crimes For Which
Inmates are Currently Serving Time:

Race and Sex Distribution:
Percentage White
Percentage Black
Percentage Hispanic
Percentage Other
Percentage Male
Percentage Female

33.20%
63.90%
2.00%
0.90%
93.70%
6.30%

Number of Inmates Serving Life
Number of Inmates Serving Life (Without Parole)
New Commitments to Life Sentences:

1,173 inmates
1,023 inmates
50 inmates

Percentage of inmates that are considered to have mental
and/or emotional health conditions:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

A. Drugs
B. Homicide
C. Burglary

95

13.72%

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

SOUTH CAROLINA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Inmates Serving Death Sentences:

STATE RESPONSE:
47 inmates

Inmates Executed in FY 13:

0 inmates

Inmates Serving Twenty (20) Years or More:
Inmates That Have Already Served Twenty (20)
Years of Their Current Sentence:
Inmates Admitted Who Were Parole Violators:
Number of technical parole violators:
Number of new crime parole violators:

3,203 inmates
1,049 inmates
645 inmates
297 inmates
348 inmates

Inmates Released from Custody in FY 13 for the following:
Expiration of Sentence
Parole
Goodtime
Probation
Death
Other (Appeal, Community, Remanded, Repentance)
Total

4,842
1,123
N/A
2,132
61
1,465
9,623

Method In Which "Goodtime" is Calculated:

N/A

Is Medical-Early or Compassionate Release Allowed:

inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates

Yes

The South Carolina Department of Corrections institutes a policy known as the
"Medical Furlough Program for Terminally Ill Inmates".

Number of inmates released in FY13 based on the above:
Inmates Between the ages of 17 and 20:

840 inmates

Recidivism rate for total population base 3 years after release:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

2 inmates

96

27.50%

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

SOUTH CAROLINA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Number of AIDS Cases:
Number of Inmates Tested for HIV Antibodies
Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

STATE RESPONSE:
171 inmates
9,569 inmates
Yes
N/A
N/A
N/A

Systems Frequency of Testing:
Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies:

Admission, Exposure, Indication

188 inmates

The South Carolina Department of Corrections does not segregate or isolate HIV-infected
inmates.
Number of known Hepatitis C Cases:
Number of Inmates being treated for Hepatitis C:
Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

669 inmates
669 inmates
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

Systems Frequency of Testing:

Physicians' Request or
Presence of Risk Factors

The South Carolina Department of Corrections does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.
An infection control coordinator monitors Hepatitis C inmates with the help of medical staff
to distribute information along with monthly chronic care clinics at institutions.

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SOUTH CAROLINA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
COURT ORDER REQUIREMENTS
The South Carolina Dept. of Corrections is currently under a federal court order and has been
since 1999. The court requires South Carolina to allow certain inmates to have access to literature
(but only in Administrative Segregation), limits the use of drug dogs to search visitors and places
limitations on inmate labor for certain construction projects, HIV positive inmates will be housed
in general population and eligible for all programs.
STATE INITIATIVES
Elderly or Infirmed Inmates
All elderly and infirmary inmates committed to the South Carolina Department of Corrections
are given a medical and mental health assessment upon admission. A treatment plan is
developed and the inmate is assigned to an institution according to his medical or mental health
needs. South Carolina has two handicapped units for inmates that have ambulating, hearing, or
sight problems, and assisted living unit for inmates that need assistance. There are 3 infirmaries
for any inpatient care needed which includes a chronic care infirmary for the inmates that can no
longer care for themselves. If the South Carolina Dept. of Corrections infirmaries cannot provide
the services, the inmates are admitted to a community hospital for more intensive care. No
legislation has been enacted to address this issue and individual inmate costs are not tracked.
Prison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
The South Carolina Department of Corrections has the following substance abuse treatment
programs:
Goodman Addiction Treatment Unit: 45-bed residential program for female and youthful offenders with
6-9 months of treatment using the Therapeutic Community Model ($176,823 State Funds).
Horizon Addiction Treatment Unit (at Lee Correctional): 256-bed residential program for male adult
offenders with 6-12 months of treatment using Therapeutic Community Model ($619,113 State
Funds).
Correctional Recovery Academy (at Turberville Correctional): 188-bed residential program for young
male offenders (ages 17-25) with 6-9 months of treatment using the Therapeutic Community
Model ($489,271 RSAT/State Funds).
Camille Griffin Graham Addiction Treatment Unit: 48-bed residential program for female offenders
with 6-9 months of treatment using the Therapeutic Community model ($176,823 RSAT Funds).

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SOUTH CAROLINA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
STATE INITIATIVES (continued)
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs
South Carolina's Department of Corrections operated a formal reentry program using federal
funds between 2002 and 2006. Subsequent to the termination of the program in June of 2006,
South Carolina does not operate a formal re-entry as such; however, it continued to deliver
re-entry support functions through its 30-day pre-release and work program at Watkins
Pre-Release Center. In 2012, the Manning Correctional Institution became the new site for a
statewide pre-release program which dedicated 600 beds to the project and expanded the 30-day
concept to 180-days of programming, training, and release assistance for departing offenders.

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

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TENNESSEE CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Average Age At Commitment:
Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older:

STATE RESPONSE:
33.8 years
1,298 inmates

Average Sentence for New Commitments:
(excluding life sentences)

5.4 years

Average Time Served By Those Released:
(excluding life sentences)

5.3 years

The Three (3) Most Frequently Committed Crimes For Which
Inmates are Currently Serving Time:

Race and Sex Distribution:
Percentage White
Percentage Black
Percentage Hispanic
Percentage Other
Percentage Male
Percentage Female

52.43%
45.11%
2.10%
0.36%
91.36%
8.64%

Number of Inmates Serving Life
Number of Inmates Serving Life (Without Parole)
New Commitments to Life Sentences:

2,020 inmates
324 inmates
98 inmates

Percentage of inmates that are considered to have mental
and/or emotional health conditions:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

A. Homicide
B. Drugs
C. Robbery

100

14.72%

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

TENNESSEE CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Inmates Serving Death Sentences:

STATE RESPONSE:
80 inmates

Inmates Executed in FY 13:

0 inmates

Inmates Serving Twenty (20) Years or More:
Inmates That Have Already Served Twenty (20)
Years of Their Current Sentence:

1,698 inmates

Inmates Admitted Who Were Parole Violators:
Number of technical parole violators:
Number of new crime parole violators:

2,070 inmates
979 inmates
1,091 inmates

Inmates Released from Custody in FY 13 for the following:
Expiration of Sentence
Parole
Goodtime
Probation
Death
Other
Total
Method In Which "Goodtime" is Calculated:
Is Medical-Early or Compassionate Release Allowed:

3,600 inmates

4,995
5,224
N/A
4,886
72
1,556
16,733

inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates

N/A
Yes

By statute, the commissioner may grant furloughs for medical reasons to
inmates who meet very strict criteria. This furlough may be revoked at any
time. A furlough is not the same as a release.

Number of inmates released in FY 13 based on the above:
Inmates between the ages of 17 and 20:

735 inmates

Recidivism rate for total population base 3 years after release:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

3 inmates

101

46.40%
Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

TENNESSEE CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Number of HIV/AIDS Cases:
Number of Inmates Tested for HIV Antibodies
Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

STATE RESPONSE:
221 inmates
493

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

Systems Frequency of Testing:
Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies:

Intake (< 21), As clinically indicated (> 21)

29 inmates

The Tennessee Department of Corrections (TDOC) does not segregate or isolate
HIV-infected inmates.

Number of known Hepatitis C Cases:
Number of Inmates being treated for Hepatitis C:

2,301 inmates
2 inmates

Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

Systems Frequency of Testing:

Intake, As Needed

The Tennessee Department of Corrections does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

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TENNESSEE CORRECTIONS PROFILE
COURT ORDER REQUIREMENTS
The Tennessee Department of Corrections is not currently under a federal or state
court order.

STATE INITIATIVES
Elderly or Infirmed Inmates
Elderly or infirmed inmates are placed in housing settings according to their needs and the
resources of the facility where they are housed. The residents of this unit are ambulatory
and do not require daily skilled care. Inmates requiring daily skilled care or who have
conditions that require close monitoring (may or may not be elderly) are placed at the
DeBerry Special Needs Facility (for males) or Tennessee Prison for Women (for females).
There is no special funding or separate facilities for elderly or infirmed inmates. There is no
state legislation addressing the care of the elderly or infirmed who are incarcerated.
Prison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
The Tennessee Department of Corrections has a number of substance abuse treatment
programs:
* Intensive Group Therapy is a 4-month program designed to treat offenders with a medium need
for substance abuse programming. The program is performed in addition to daily duties.
* Therapeutic Community is offered for both men and women at multiple institutions across
the state and is a 9 to 12-month program. The program is the most intensive form of substance
abuse treatment available. Participants are assigned a full time job and expected to
participate on a daily basis.
TDOC tracks all substance abuse program participants. Program assignments, terminations,
completions, and attendance are tracked through the Tennessee Offender Management
System (TOMIS). TDOC can identify program participants who return to state custody.
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs
Career Management for Success is a 12-week course to teach offenders subjects that are
critical for offender success and a safer community. Offenders within 24 months of release
are eligible and all services are state funded. Topics include:

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TENNESSEE CORRECTIONS PROFILE
STATE INITIATIVES (continued)
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs (continued)
- Job search
- Housing
- Parole hearings and success while on parole
- Conflict management
- Victim impact
- Thinking for a Change
Transition Centers for males and females are run in a therapeutic community setting
and address substance abuse issues while adding in community service and work
release. The programs also helps participants with services like employment,
transportation, and identification before being released. Services are state funded.
Chattanooga Female Release Center is a 42-bed partnership between TDOC, Board
of Probation and Parole, and a non-profit service provider. The services provided
are life skills, victim impact, and short term reentry services.
A Parole Technical Violator Diversion Program (PTVDP) has been established
for male offenders. The Probation & Parole Board will determine eligibility and
selection of participants for the PTVDP with release on parole supervision
contingent upon successful completion of the anticipated 6-month program.

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TEXAS CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Average Age At Commitment:
Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older:

STATE RESPONSE:
34 years
7,071 inmates

Average Sentence for New Commitments:
(excluding life sentences)

6.5 years in Prison
0.8 years in State Jail

Average Time Served By Those Released:
(excluding life sentences)

4.3 years in Prison
0.8 years in State Jail

The Three (3) Most Frequently Committed Crimes For Which
Inmates are Currently Serving Time as of June 30, 3013:

Race and Sex Distribution:
Percentage White
Percentage Black
Percentage Hispanic
Percentage Other
Percentage Male
Percentage Female

31.50%
35.10%
32.90%
0.50%
92.00%
8.00%

Number of Inmates Serving Life
Number of Inmates Serving Life (Without Parole)
New Commitments to Life Sentences:

8,466 inmates
565 inmates
294 inmates

Percentage of inmates that are considered to have mental
and/or emotional health conditions:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

A. Drugs
B. Robbery
C. Assault

105

16.01%

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TEXAS CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Inmates Serving Death Sentences (as of June 2013):
Inmates Executed in FY 13:

STATE RESPONSE:
281 inmates
19 inmates

Inmates Serving Twenty (20) Years or More:
Inmates That Have Already Served Twenty (20)
Years of Their Current Sentence (as of June 2013):
Inmates Admitted Who Were Parole Violators:
Number of technical parole violators:
Number of new crime parole violators:
Inmates Released from Custody in FY 13 for the following:
Expiration of Sentence
Parole
Goodtime
Probation
Death
Other (Substance Abuse & Felony Prevention Program)
Total

50,710 inmates
8,016 inmates
5,770 inmates
998 inmates
4,772 inmates
28,936
24,258
11,869
642
445
6,366
72,516

inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates

Method In Which "Goodtime" is Calculated:
Inmates are approved by the Board of Pardons and Paroles and released from
prison to the supervision of the Parole Division. Eligibility requires prison time
plus good conduct time to equal total sentence.

Is Medical-Early or Compassionate Release Allowed:

Yes

The Medically Recommended Intensive Supervision (HB 1670 - 78th Legislative
Session) program provides for early parole and release of certain offenders.
The purpose of this program is to release inmates who pose no or minimal
public safety risk.

Number of inmates released in FY 13 based on the above:
Inmates Between the ages of 17 and 20:

4,307 inmates

Recidivism rate for total population base 3 years after release:
COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

69 inmates

106

22.60%
Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

TEXAS CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Number of AIDS Cases:
Number of Inmates Tested for HIV Antibodies
Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

STATE RESPONSE:
810 inmates
134,346 inmates
Yes
N/A
Yes
Yes

Systems Frequency of Testing:
Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies:

Intake, Pre-Release, Offender/Provider Request

2,236 inmates

The Texas Department of Corrections does not segregate or isolate HIV-infected inmates.

Number of known Hepatitis C Cases:
Number of Inmates being treated for Hepatitis C:
Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

17,614 inmates
234 inmates
N/A
N/A
N/A
Yes

Systems Frequency of Testing:

High Risk, Offender Request

The Texas Department of Corrections does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates, but
educational materials are available to inmates, as well as peer education for prevention.

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TEXAS CORRECTIONS PROFILE
COURT ORDER REQUIREMENTS
The Texas Department of Corrections is not currently under a federal or state order.

STATE INITIATIVES
Elderly or Infirmed Inmates
Certain units have been designated housing areas for geriatric offenders with less severe medical
issues, one facility has been designated for geriatric offenders with moderate medical issues, and
one 60-bed sheltered housing unit serves geriatric offenders with more significant medical issues.
State legislation, which established the Medically Recommended Intensive Supervision Program,
provides an alternative to continued incarceration for some offenders with significant medical
issues.
Prison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
The Texas Department of Criminal Justice has established the following forms of Substance
Abuse Treatment Programs:
(1) Substance Abuse Felony Punishment Facilities (SAFPF): An intensive 6-month Therapeutic
Community program sentenced by a judge as a condition of probation or as a modification of
parole/probation. The program consists of orientation, main treatment, and reentry. Offenders
may also participate in peer support groups. FY 13 expenditures for this program were $44,468,026.
(2) In-Prison Therapeutic Community (IPTC): 6-month intensive therapeutic community
treatment program for offenders approved for parole contingent upon completion of the
program. FY 13 expenditures for this program were $17,130,073.
(3) Pre-Release Substance Abuse Program (PRSAP): An intensive 6-month treatment program
for offenders with serious substance abuse/dependency and antisocial characteristics from
Institutional Division Units. These offenders are within 6 months of release as identified by the
Texas Department of Criminal Justice Classification, Department and Parole Division. Treatment
modality is similar to Substance Abuse Felony Punishment Facilities, but is much more
condensed. Offenders may participate in peer support groups. FY 13 expenditures for this
program were $1,084,093.

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TEXAS CORRECTIONS PROFILE
STATE INITIATIVES (continued)
Prison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs (continued)
(4) Pre-release Therapeutic Community (PRTC): An intensive 6-month program for offenders in
a therapeutic community setting which provides pre-release services. The PRTC is comprised of
3 primary components: substance abuse treatment, cognitive restructuring, educational and
vocational training. FY 13 expenditures for this program were $749,454.
(5) In-Prison Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) Recovery Program: A program to adequately
address the scope of needs within the In-Prison DWI Recovery program. The best practice
approach utilizes a multimodal design that will accommodate the diversity of needs presented
in the population to maximize the potential of success for each offender. FY 13 expenditures for
this program were $3,024,253.
(6) State Jail Substance Abuse Program (SJSAP): This program was instituted to provide
rehabilitation services for those offenders who are confined in a State Jail Facility. To be eligible
an individual must be confined in a state jail, within 4 months of release, and in general population.
Offenders are placed in one of two tiers: 90 or 120 days based on offender's state of readiness and
progress. The FY 13 expenditures for this program were $2,480,829.
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs
The Texas Department of Criminal Justice has a variety of pre-release and post-release programs
for offenders. For offenders being released on supervision, a residential placement is approved
by parole officers. This placement may be a private residence or a halfway house under contract
with the department.
InnerChange Freedom Initiative:
This program is offered by the Prison Fellowship Ministries at no expense to the offenders.
Male offenders who are within 18 to 30 months of release volunteer for this program.
The program uses biblical principles to assist offenders in making good moral decisions and
applying biblical values to life situations. Six months of aftercare is provided by the Parole
Division and the Program's Aftercare Office.
Faith Based Dorms:
Faith based dorms were implemented in January 2003 and have expanded to 70 facilities. The
dorms offer support and accountability, along with an intensive faith based curriculum and

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TEXAS CORRECTIONS PROFILE
STATE INITIATIVES (continued)
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs (continued)
mentoring program. The programming is conducted by local faith based community
volunteers whose activities are directed by the unit chaplain and unit administration.
Bible College:
In conjunction with the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, the Darrington Southwestern
Baptist Theological Seminary College offers a four year accredited bachelor's degree at no expense
to offenders. The first class will complete in May 2015 and the program is available to offenders
of all faith preferences or no faith preferences.
Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative Program:
The SVORI program is offered to offenders that will be released to parole, mandatory
supervision, and flat time administrative segregation offenders. The program is designed to
reduce recidivism by better preparing and assisting offenders confined to administrative
segregation to successfully reenter their communities.
Sex Offender Education Program:
Offenders who are within 2 years of release are selected to participate in this program. Priority
is given to offenders who are assessed as low-risk to re-offend. Offenders participate in didactic
education programming for 3 to 4 months.
Sex Offender Treatment Program:
Offenders who are within 18 months of release are selected to participate in the Sex Offender
Treatment Program. Priority is given to offenders with two or more convictions for a sex offense,
who are being discharged and will be released without supervision. The program operates in a
therapeutic community and uses a cognitive based treatment modality. Priority is given to
offenders who are assessed as high risk to re-offend.
Wraparound:
For offenders who are not being released to supervision, community service providers are
recruited to meet with offenders and develop community resource plans to assist in meeting
their needs at the time of their release. Offenders are interviewed by staff to determine their
needs prior to their release.

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TEXAS CORRECTIONS PROFILE
STATE INITIATIVES (continued)
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs (continued)
Baby and Mother Bonding Initiative (BAMBI):
This program provides residential settings for state jail confinees and their newborn infants. The
initiative allows time to form a healthy attachment in a secure setting with a strong training and
education program for the mother. The mother also receives substance abuse education, life
skills, infant first aid and CPR, nutrition, anger, and time management, and if appropriate GED
classes and test-preparation. The program is in a residential facility for up to 15 new mothers.
During FY 13, 28 women completed the program.
Texas Correctional Office on Offenders with Medical or Mental Impairments (TCOOMMI):
The TCOOMMI Continuity of Care Program provides pre-release screening and referral to
aftercare treatment services for special needs offenders. The referral process begins up to 6
months prior to the offender's release into the community.
Administrative Segregation Pre-Release Program (ASPP):
The ASPP program is a 90-day program curriculum include a variety of topics including
anger/stress management, social skills, healthy relationships, etc. The program currently has
a capacity of 197 offenders that meet the eligibility requirements.

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VIRGINIA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(Fiscal Year 2012)
PROFILE QUESTION
Average Age At Commitment:
Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older:
Average Sentence for New Commitments:
(excluding life sentences)
Average Time Served By Those Released:
(excluding life sentences)

4.2 years
3 years

The Three (3) Most Frequently Committed Crimes For Which
Inmates are Currently Serving Time:

Race and Sex Distribution:
Percentage White
Percentage Black
Percentage Hispanic
Percentage Other
Percentage Male
Percentage Female

A. Robbery
B. Larceny/Fraud
C. Assault
37.00%
60.00%
2.00%
1.00%
93.00%
7.00%

Number of Inmates Serving Life
Number of Inmates Serving Life (Without Parole)
New Commitments to Life Sentences:

1,279 inmates
1,178 inmates
36 inmates

Percentage of inmates that are considered to have mental
and/or emotional health conditions:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

STATE RESPONSE:
34.4 years
1,254 inmates

112

22.80%

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LA Legislative Fiscal Office

VIRGINIA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(Fiscal Year 2012)
PROFILE QUESTION
Inmates Serving Death Sentences:

STATE RESPONSE:
9 inmates

Inmates Executed in FY 12:

1 inmate

Inmates Serving Twenty (20) Years or More:
Inmates That Have Already Served Twenty (20)
Years of Their Current Sentence:
Inmates Admitted Who Were Parole Violators:
Number of technical parole violators:
Number of new crime parole violators:
Inmates Released from Custody in FY 12 for the following:
Expiration
Parole
Goodtime
Probation
Death
Other (Court order, Misc.)
Total

7,972 inmates
1,720 inmates
116 inmates
24 inmates
92 inmates
0
625
1,081
9,826
63
44
11,639

inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates

Method In Which "Goodtime" is Calculated:
Every state responsible confined offender is eligible to receive sentence
credits through good conduct, program participation, etc.

Is Medical, Early or Compassionate Release Allowed:

Yes

If parole eligible, offender may be reviewed for medical clemency or apply to
governor's office for clemency.

Number of inmates released in FY 12 based on the above:
Inmates Between the ages of 17 and 20:

67 inmates

Recidivism rate for total population base 3 years after release:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

0 inmates

113

23.4% inmates
Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

VIRGINIA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2012)
PROFILE QUESTION
Number of HIV Cases:
Number of Inmates Tested for HIV Antibodies
Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

STATE RESPONSE:
1,202 inmates
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

Systems Frequency of Testing:
Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies:

Clinically indicated or request

N/A

The Virginia Department of Corrections does not segregate or isolate HIV-infected inmates.

Number of known Hepatitis C Cases:
Number of Inmates being treated for Hepatitis C:

1,517 inmates
23 inmates

Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

Systems Frequency of Testing:

Clinically Indicated

The Virginia Department of Corrections does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.

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VIRGINIA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
COURT ORDER REQUIREMENTS
The Virginia Department of Corrections was not currently under a federal or state court order.

STATE INITIATIVES
Elderly or Infirmed Inmates
The Virginia Department of Corrections manages a 1,200-bed correctional continuing care
institution for independent living, assisted living, and skilled nursing care called Deerfield
Correctional Center. The total annual per capita cost is about $33,265.
Prison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
The Matrix Model - This program is an evidence-based intensive outpatient treatment modality.
The treatment model consists of four components: early recovery, relapse, prevention, family
education and support groups.
Cognitive Therapeutic Communities (CTCs) - The CTC program is an intensive residential treatment
model designed to address substance addiction, criminal thinking and anti-social behaviors.
Thinking for a Change - This curriculum uses, as its core, a problem solving program integrating
both cognitive restructuring and social skills interventions.
HIDTA/STAND - This program is a sentencing alternative for drug abusing offenders and technical
violators under supervision.
Behavioral Correction Program - These program participants are a subset of the CTC program. This
program is a sentencing option for offenders with substance abuse needs. Judges are able to place
offenders directly into the CTC. Judges impose full sentence with a minimum of 3 years to serve.
Peer Support Groups - In both institutions and Community Corrections, peer support groups
such as Narcotics Anonymous and Alcoholics Anonymous are provided by volunteers.
Treatment services expenditures totaled $5,230,468 for FY 11.
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs
Virginia's Department of Corrections provides several institution-based programming and
community-based programming to prepare offenders for release.

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VIRGINIA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
STATE INITIATIVES (continued)
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs (continued)
1. The Reentry Services Unit is assigned to establish communication and partnerships between
institutions and probation and parole staff within DOC as it relates to releasing offenders.
2. Community Placement Coordinators are assigned to the DOC's Community Release Unit,
and work on the development of home plans for inmates with serious medical and mental
health issues.
3. The Offender Reentry Program initiates pre-release partnerships with local jails and
community resources. Transition services are provided to offenders to reestablish community
ties. Offenders participate in daily life skills and job readiness workshops for 6 weeks.
4. The Virginia Serious and Violent Offender Reentry (VASAVOR) Initiative identifies services
and supervision needed by serious and violent offenders to enhance their chances for successful
reentry into the community.
5. The DOC contracts with 6 Community Residential Programs throughout the state and
include the following services: food and shelter, urinalysis, basic life skills, substance abuse
education/treatment, individual/group counseling, and job placement.

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WEST VIRGINIA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Average Age At Commitment:
Total Number of Inmates 50 Years or Older:

STATE RESPONSE:
N/A
N/A

Average Sentence for New Commitments:
(excluding life sentences)

N/A

Average Time Served By Those Released:
(excluding life sentences)

N/A

The Three (3) Most Serious Crimes For Which
Inmates are Currently Serving Time:

Race and Sex Distribution:
Percentage White
Percentage Black
Percentage Hispanic
Percentage Other
Percentage Male
Percentage Female

86.79%
11.69%
0.56%
0.95%
90.00%
10.00%

Number of Inmates Serving Life
Number of Inmates Serving Life (Without Parole)
New Commitments to Life Sentences:

362 inmates
279 inmates
N/A

Percentage of inmates that are considered to have mental
and/or emotional health conditions:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

A. Sex Offense-Forcible
B. Burglary/Breaking & Entering
C. Homicide

117

15.20%

Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

WEST VIRGINIA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Inmates Serving Death Sentences:

STATE RESPONSE:
0 inmates
(WV abolished the death
penalty in 1965)

Inmates Serving Twenty (20) Years or More:
Inmates That Have Already Served Twenty (20)
Years of Their Current Sentence:
Inmates Admitted Who Were Parole Violators:
Number of technical parole violators:
Number of new crime parole violators:
Inmates Released from Custody in FY 13 for the following:
Expiration of Sentence
Parole
Goodtime
Probation
Death
Other (Diagnostic Releases, Escapes, Court Ordered Releases, Anthony

N/A
N/A
552 inmates
537 inmates
15 inmates
850
1,654
0
46
23

inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates
inmates

Total

458 inmates
3,031 inmates

Method In Which "Goodtime" is Calculated:

N/A

Correctional Center for Young Adults Successful/Unsuccessful Completions)

Is Medical-Early or Compassionate Release Allowed:

Yes

The process is based policy. Application sent to warden of the facility, if
recommended goes to Commissioner of WVDOC, and if recommended
sent to Governor's Office for final approval.

Number of inmates released in FY 13 based on the above:
Inmates Between the ages of 17 and 20:

49 inmates

Recidivism rate for total population base 3 years after release:

COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

0 inmates

118

26.3%
Southern Legislative Conference:
LA Legislative Fiscal Office

WEST VIRGINIA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT INMATES
(as of July 1, 2013)
PROFILE QUESTION
Number of AIDS Cases:
Number of Inmates Tested for HIV Antibodies
Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

STATE RESPONSE:
24 inmates
15 inmates

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

Systems Frequency of Testing:
Inmates Testing Positive for HIV Antibodies:

Clinically indicated or request

0 inmates

The West Virginia Department of Corrections does not segregate or isolate HIV-infected inmates.

Number of known Hepatitis C Cases:
Number of Inmates being treated for Hepatitis C:
Testing of Inmates By Category:
Admission
Random
Incident
High Risk Group

526 inmates
0 inmates

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

Systems Frequency of Testing:

Clinically indicated or request

The West Virginia Department of Corrections does not segregate or isolate Hepatitis C inmates.

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WEST VIRGINIA CORRECTIONS PROFILE
COURT ORDER REQUIREMENTS
The West Virginia Department of Corrections is not currently under a federal or state court
order.
STATE INITIATIVES
Elderly or Infirmed Inmates
The West Virginia Division of Corrections (WV DOC) has no specific strategy for elderly
inmates and no legislation has been enacted to address the issue. There are no programs
available specific to the elderly. Some facilities in West Virginia do have units where an
attempt is made to house the elderly together.
Prison-Based Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
The WV DOC has the programs ALADRUE, Helping Women Recover and Therapeutic Recover,
and Therapeutic Communities.
*Alcohol & Drug Education, Treatment, & Relapse Prevention (ALADRUE) was developed to
address the needs of incarcerated offenders who have used, abused, or are addicted to
drugs and alcohol. The premise of this program is to teach the participants the components
of physical effects of drugs and alcohol on the body, disease of addiction and effective
recovery programming.
*Helping Women Recover is a treatment program for women who are recovering from
substance abuse and psychological trauma in correctional settings. It is based on guidelines
for comprehensive treatment for women established by the federal government's Center of
Substance Abused Treatment (CSAT).
*Therapeutic Community (TC) program model is based on correctional programs operating
nationally that have achieved success in producing safer, more secure living units and lower
recidivism rates. The TC's were created in all designated facilities treatment units. These
identified TC's will guide and direct the power of social learning as the means to re-socialize
a substance abusing criminal population.
Pre-release/Post-Release ("Reentry") Programs
All WV DOC programs are focused on improving the offender's chances at successful
reentry. Examples of the programs offered in West Virginia that help an inmate transition
back into society include ALADRUE classes along with Women's Classes, Crime Victim
Awareness, DUI/DWI Flex Modules. Inmates also attend outside Alcoholics Anonymous
and Narcotics Anonymous meetings at various community locations.
COMPARATIVE DATA REPORT ON CORRECTIONS

120

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