734A And 7001 DC Reference Standards Voltage Standard Data Sheet Brochure
732B-Direct-Voltage-Standard-Data-Sheet-Brochure 732B-Direct-Voltage-Standard-Data-Sheet-Brochure
User Manual: 734A-Voltage-Reference-DC-Voltage-Standard-Data-Sheet-Brochure
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734A DC Reference Standard Technical Data Because each 732B in the 734A Reference Standard is based on the same technology pioneered in the popular 732A—the first The Fluke Calibration 734A DC Reference standards lab quality 10 V electronic reference— Standard is a direct voltage reference used to you can rely on it to provide the same high maintain the volt in primary and secondary stability and predictable drift rate you’ve come to standards laboratories. It consists of four electri- expect, in a smaller, more portable package. cally and mechanically independent 732B DC To simplify support of your 734A, Fluke Standards and a rack-width enclosure. IndividCalibration offers a variety of calibration services ual 732Bs provide 10 V and 1.018 V outputs and to assign values and predicted performance for may be transported easily to remote locations the 10 V output, traceable to national standards while the reference is maintained in the labora- and to the Fluke Calibration 10 V Josephson tory. Stability for each output is ± 2 ppm per year Array. (10 V) and ± 0.8 ppm per month (1.018 V). Each 10 V output can drive up to 12 mA of current Why a four-cell reference? to simplify use with instrumentation with low A four-cell reference is desirable any time you input impedance. need to maintain and disseminate a referThe 734A Reference Standard was designed ence voltage. At a minimum, three cells are for laboratories that need to maintain traceability intercompared to detect and identify changes to national standards and to distribute the volt in the output of any one cell. A fourth cell may to production, service, calibration laboratories or be used as a spare or to transport the volt to or other remote locations. To simplify shipment, each from remote locations. When it returns to the 732B Standard is small and highly portable. And laboratory, it can be compared to the other three its 72-hour battery life—which can be extended to determine if its output has shifted during to more than 130 hours with the optional extertransport. nal battery and charger—means it’s practical to ship a 732B across town or around the world. 734A: The simple way to maintain and disseminate your volt However, there is more to a four-cell reference than four outputs. According to NBS Technical Note 1239, published by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (now NIST) in 1987, four to six references are required to provide measurement integrity and redundancy, and to minimize the number of measurements required. References must be completely independent of one another. Otherwise, common elements, such as a power supply or oven, might affect the correlation of reference outputs. In addition, with frequent intercomparisons of four cells, you can detect when any one of the cells begins to drift beyond specifications or needs to be repaired. Each 732B is a stand-alone dc standard with its own power supply, oven, supporting electronics and packaging. Each may be purchased separately, or as a full 734A system, which includes four 732Bs that slide into a rack-width enclosure. A fractional ppm 10 V reference in your lab With the 734A, it is remarkably simple to establish and maintain a fractional part per million (ppm) primary voltage standard in your laboratory. Over time, with frequent intercomparisons of your four cells, and regular calibrations of one or more cells, you can reduce the uncertainty of your 734A by a factor of three. From 1984 until the acquisition of our 10 V Josephson Array, the Fluke Calibration Primary Standards Laboratory maintained its corporate volt in this manner, reducing the absolute uncertainty to ± 0.35 ppm traceable to national standards. Taking your reference to the workload Standards laboratory operations have changed. In the past, people brought their workload to the standards lab. Today, the functions of the standards lab are being distributed, requiring that many calibrations be performed in the field. The 734A, and its electrically and mechanically independent 732B Standards, was designed to meet that need. The voltage reference remains undisturbed in your laboratory, while at the same time you can distribute the volt to remote locations outside the lab. When the unit is returned to the lab, comparisons can be made to the reference to determine if a shift has occured during the transfer. To maintain traceability to 2 Fluke Calibration 734A DC Reference Standard The Fluke Calibration Standards Laboratory offers traceability to its own 10 V Josephson Array, an intrinsic standard of voltage, and to national standards. national standards, one cell may be transported to a national lab or other primary standards lab for calibration, again, without disturbing the reference. Each 732B Standard is relatively light, weighing just 5.9 kg, and its 72-hour battery life provides ample capacity for long shipments. An optional external battery extends that capacity to 130 hours. A special transit case, designed to hold one 732B and an external battery, simplifies transport even further. The 732B can stand up to a lot of abuse. The inputs can be shorted indefinitely and are protected up to 1100 V dc, 25 mA, without damaging the cell or affecting its output. Ideal support for artifact calibration Combined with 742A-1 and 742A-10k Resistance Standards, a single 732B makes a tough and compact artifact calibration support package for instruments like the 5700A and 5720A Calibrators from Fluke Calibration or the 3458A Multimeter from Agilent. Why should you prefer the 734A? life. The rack-width enclosure provides a convenient way to store cells in your lab. And the • Independence. The 734A is the only standard internal battery is now a common, off-the-shelf of its type offering complete mechanical and model that can be purchased from a wide range electrical independence of each of its four of electronic components suppliers, simplifying standards. your support. Or you can use your own battery, • Portability. Each 732B Standard is designed connecting it to the 12 V to 15 V dc input on for portability. Each is small, light, rugged and each 732B. has a long operating battery life. • Confidence. The 732B is based on the proven The advantages to maintaining your technology of the Fluke Calibration 732A. reference at 10 V The 732A was the first standards lab quality The primary benefits of maintaining your voltage electronic reference to gain wide acceptance reference at 10 V rather than 1.018 V center on as a replacement for saturated standard cells. efficiency and ease-of-use. At 10 V, you can Originally designed for internal transfers of intercompare standards directly with a digital Fluke’s corporate volt to the production floor, voltmeter. The effects of noise and thermal EMFs thousands are now in service worldwide in a are diminished by a factor of 10 compared to variety of applications—from maintaining an standard cells. And with 10 V Josephson Arrays institutional reference to transferring values becoming more common, working at the 10 V from national labs or privately-operated 10 V level further simplifies the process of estabJosephson Arrays. lishing traceability. Finally, most modern dc The 732B’s reference amplifier and resistors instrumentation today requires a 10 V standard are identical to those used in the 732A. But the for calibration. When you ratio up to 10 V from package is now half the weight, 75 % smaller, 1.018 V, you lose considerable performance. more rugged and offers greatly extended battery The 734A Reference and 732B Standards are a practical way to maintain and disseminate your volt and to support artifact calibration of instruments like the 5700A and 5720A Calibrators. 3 Fluke Calibration 734A DC Reference Standard The 734A supports 1.018 V as well In applications where saturated standard cells are still used, the 1.018 V output of each 732B Standard in the 734A Reference greatly simplifies intercomparisons of cell banks. And, like the 10 V output, each 1.018 V output is completely electrically and mechanically independent to preserve the integrity of your reference. Unlike standard cells, the 1.018 V output of the 732B may be used immediately after shipment, eliminating the need to let cells stabilize for an extended period. Supporting your traceability requirements Fluke Calibration provides the products and services you need to manage your traceability requirements. New 732Bs can be ordered with The Fluke Calibration 732B Standard uses the same specially selected or without calibration certificates. The standard zener reference technology pioneered in the popular 732A. 732B comes without any calibration certificate, with the intention of the owner providing traceability as required locally. When delivery • Calibration and drift characterization. The of a new 732B with a calibration certificate is 732B/C is similar to the 732B/H, but it adds required, then three alternatives are possible: drift rate characterization before shipment. • Calibration. The 732B/H is a 732B where The output voltage is compared to a Fluke Fluke Calibration performs an output voltstandard for 90 days. Once the drift rate is age calibration on your new standard. Before known, total uncertainty as a function of shipment, your standard is compared to direct time is greatly reduced. The projected output voltage standards maintained at Fluke. Your voltage is tabulated for 12 months following standard, shipped under power, includes a calibration. Uncertainty of the projection varies Report of Calibration showing the deviation linearly, from + 0.5 ppm at the time of calibrafrom nominal and the uncertainty of the calition to + 1.5 ppm after 12 months. bration. This certificate is traceable to NIST via Fluke’s Josephson Array, an intrinsic standard • Accredited calibration. Normally, the 732B of voltage. calibration certificates are traceable to NIST but are not considered accredited calibrations. For an extra charge, an accredited calibration certificate is available. Contact your Fluke Calibration representative for details. Both the 732B/H and 732B/C require that the standard is shipped to you under power. This continuous power on condition is required during shipment through delivery to your lab for the calibration to remain valid. If continuous power is not maintained, then the validity of the calibration certificate may be compromised. Contact your Fluke Calibration representative to determine if the 732B/H or 732B/C alternatives are available in your area. 732B Standards are small, light and rugged. Their 72-hour battery life, which can be extended to 130 hours with the optional external battery and charger, make them ideal for transfer standards. 4 Fluke Calibration 734A DC Reference Standard For existing 732Bs or similar standards that are already in use, the Direct Voltage Maintenance Program is a service where Fluke Calibration can provide calibration certificates for these standards. This service consists of two calibration alternatives that can be used depending on your needs. • Calibrations done by Fluke. Calibration certificate services can be easily performed on standards returned to Fluke Calibration service facilities. Contact your Fluke Calibration representative or your local Fluke service center for details regarding these calibration certificate alternatives. • Calibration in your laboratory. With the 732B-200 services, a standard owned and calibrated by Fluke Calibration, including all necessary connecting cables and clear operating instructions, is sent to your site for comparison with one or more of your own reference standards. You make a series of readings over five days and forward the standard to the next laboratory, then return the measurement results to the Fluke Calibration Standards Laboratory. A value for your reference relative to the Fluke standard is assigned. Within one week, a preliminary Report of Calibration is returned to you. Once the standard is returned to Fluke Calibration, it is compared to the Fluke Voltage Standard. A final value is assigned to your reference, and a final Report of Calibration is sent to you. The 732B-200 service provides a calibration certificate for one local standard. Each additional standard that requires a certificate can use the 732B-201 service. In this way, comparing multiple standards to a single Fluke Calibration standard will provide any required number of standards with individual calibration certificates. Note: This service is not available in all areas. Contact your local Fluke representative for details). 5 Fluke Calibration 734A DC Reference Standard 734A specifications Output voltages Outputs of 10.0 V and 1.018 V are provided at separate binding-post pairs with the following characteristics: Stability Stability for the 732B is specified by the following at a temperature of Tcal ± 1 °C (15 °C ≤Tcal ± 35 °C): Stability (ppm) Output Voltage 30 Days 90 Days 1 Year 10 V 0.3 0.8 2.0 1.018 V 0.8 NA NA Noise at output terminals Output noise is specified for both day-to-day observations and for short-term observations. The former is given by the standard deviation about the regression line of a 90-day regression model. The latter is terms of its rms value in a bandwidth as follows: Output Voltage Day-to-Day (S1) (ppm) 0.01 Hz 10 Hz (ppm) 10 V 0.065 0.06 rms 1.018 V 0.1 0.3 rms Output current and impedance Output Voltage Output Current Output Impedance 10 V 12 mA* ≤1 mW 1.018 V NA ≤1 kW *Output current is limited to ≤0.1 mA to realize 72-hour operation under battery power. Output adjustment 10 V: 0.15 ppm resolution 1.018 V: Set at nominal ± 1 mV. No adjustment is provided, however the output value changes when the 10 V output is adjusted Retrace (hysteresis) error (Constant temperature) ≤0.1 ppm, 10 minute power off ≤0.25 ppm, 1 to 24 hours power off Stabilization time (Constant temperature) For best results, allow a 14-day stabilization period after power has been off for an extended period of time No power interruption No stabilization time is required after moving into another environment Power off <1 hour 1-hour warm up required Power off 1 to 24 hours 24-hour warm up required Temperature coefficient (TC) of output Explanation of stability verification In the temperature range of 15 °C to 35 °C, the magnitude of TC is bounded by the following: 10 Stability for a given period of time is defined as the output uncertainty minus the calibration uncertainty at the 99 % confidence level. When the V TC ≤0.04 ppm/°C output voltage is characterized by a regression model, stability is given 1.018 V TC ≤0.1 ppm/°C by the following equation: Load regulation P S ra t2 2 1 (P -x) 2 b + S1 t 1 + 10 V output will change less than 1 ppm for a + n 365 S1 t1 Σ(Xi-x) 2 full load change from 0 to 12 mA and less than where b = slope of regression in ppm/year 0.1 ppm for a load change from 0 to 2 mA S1 = standard deviation about the regression (SDEV) Line regulation S ra = SDEV–of data filtered with 7-day moving average filter (MAF) The outputs will change no more than 0.05 ppm P = period of time under consideration in days for any 10 % line voltage change or for the entire = mean time for regression data operating range of the battery n = 180 periods (typically 2 measurements per day) Xi = ith period Output protection t1 = student’s t statistic for (n-2) degrees of freedom (typically 2.6) All outputs can be shorted indefinitely without n damage to the instrument. The 10 V output — 2 degree of freedom t2 = student’s t statistic for 7 can withstand voltages from other sources as (typically 2.81) follows: Each data point for the computation of the regression parameters is the 1. For voltages ≤220 V dc, the unit is protected average voltage of 50 readings taken in a 50-second measurement period. for up to 50 mA continuous current 2. For voltage ≤1100 V dc, the unit is protected for up to 25 mA continuous current or up to Reference standard comparison selection guide 0.6 joules of energy ( ) [ ] () [ ] x [( ) ] Model Environment Temp Relative °C Range Humidity % Altitude meters (feet) Normal operation 15-35 15-80 Safe operation 0-50 15-90 -40-50 non-cond 0-1,830 (0-6,000) 0-3050 (0-10,000) 0-12,200 (0-40,000) Storage (no batt) Compliance with external standards ANSI ISA-S2 IEC 348 CSA C22.2 #231 IEC 1010 UL 1244 Line power requirements Voltage Frequency 90 V to 132 V ac 47 Hz to 63 Hz 180 V to 264 V ac 47 Hz to 63 Hz Battery operation When fully charged, the batterieswill maintain the 732B for a minimum of 72 hours at 23 °C ±5 °C, with an output current <0.1 mA. The batteries are rechargeable in less than 24 hours with a self-contained battery charger. A rear-panel input has been provided to accept an external 12 V battery or equivalent 12 V to 15 V dc power source. Isolation The resistance from any 732B output terminal to earth ground or to the ac mains is at least 10,000 MΩ shunted by less than 1000 pF. Guard and grounding Chassis ground terminals are provided on both front and rear panels. Access to the internal guard is provided by a front-panel terminal. 6 Fluke Calibration 734A DC Reference Standard 10 V output Stability (± ppm), 90 days Stability (± ppm), 1 year Predictability After 5 points, 3 months apart Temperature coefficient (15 °C to 35 °C) Noise 0.01 Hz to 10 Hz Std. dev. of 90 days regression Hysteresis recovery (after battery discharge) Output current Output resistance Battery type Back-up period Recharge time (typical) Half life Reference conditioning (power loss recovery) Temperature Operating Transit Warm-up period Power Dimensions (H x W x D) Weight Safety 732B 734A1 0.7 1.6 0.7 1.2 ± 0.4 ppm/year typ. ± 0.2 ppm/year typ. < 0.04 ppm < 0.06 ppm RMS < 0.065 ppm < 0.03 ppm RMS < 0.04 ppm RMS 0.2 ppm[2] 12 mA < 1 mW 72 hours 24 hours No +15 °C to 35 °C -40 °C to 50 °C 1 hour (power off for less than 1 hour) < 10 W < 40 W 135 x 99 x 419 mm 191 x 432 x 502 mm (5.3 x 3.9 x 16.5 in) (7.5 x 17 x 19.75 in) 5.9 kg (13 lb) 29.6 kg (65 lb) UL1244; CE marked; CSA C22.2 # 231; IEC 348; IEC 1010 Notes: All specifications, including 732B, are stated with 98 % confidence level. [1] 734A specifications are using a mathematical average of four cells. [2] Conditioning not available. Specification assumes reference remains within a temp controlled environment. [4] Actual resistance = 500/n, where n = number of references in the Average. Ordering information Models 734A Reference Standard Includes four 732Bs in a rack-width enclosure. Calibration of each 732B output optional. 732B DC Standard, without calibration certificate, shipped under a power-off condition. 732B/H DC Standard, with calibration certificate included, shipped under power. 732B/C DC Standard with drift characterization and calibration certificate included, shipped under power. Direct Voltage Maintenance Program (U.S. only) 732B-200 10 V Output Voltage Calibration On Site 732B-201 Additional 10 V Output Voltage Calibration at the same site Bibliography of technical references Emery, Kletke and Voorheis, A New Approach to Specifying a DC Reference Standard, Proceedings of the 1992 Measurement Science Conference. Field, NBS Technical Note 1239: Solid-State Voltage Standard Performance and Design Guidelines, Electricity Division, Center for Basic Standards, National Measurement Laboratory, National Bureau of Standards, September, 1987. Huntley, A Primary Standard of Voltage Maintained in SolidState References, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 1M-36, No. 4, December 1987. Fluke Corporation, Technical Information: Fractional PPM Traceability Using Your 732A, Application Note B0196A, January, 1990. National Conference of Standards Laboratories, Array Josephson Junction, Recommended Intrinsic/Derived Standards Practice, RISP-1, August, 1991. Fluke Calibration. Precision, performance, confidence.™ Fluke Calibration PO Box 9090, Everett, WA 98206 U.S.A. Fluke Europe B.V. PO Box 1186, 5602 BD Eindhoven, The Netherlands For more information call: In the U.S.A. (877) 355-3225 or Fax (425) 446-5116 In Europe/M-East/Africa +31 (0) 40 2675 200 or Fax +31 (0) 40 2675 222 In Canada (800)-36-FLUKE or Fax (905) 890-6866 From other countries +1 (425) 446-5500 or Fax +1 (425) 446-5116 Web access: http://www.flukecal.com ©2002-2012 Fluke Calibration. Specifications subject to change without notice. Printed in U.S.A. 3/2012 1260120F D-EN-N Modification of this document is not permitted without written permission from Fluke Calibration. 7 Fluke Calibration 734A DC Reference Standard
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