QCA WCN36x0 WLAN Power Optimization Guide 80 Y0513 3 F

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Restricted Distribution: Not to be distributed to anyone who is not an employee of either Qualcomm or its subsidiaries without the express approval of Qualcomm's Configuration Management.
QCA WCN36x0 WLAN Power Optimization Guide
80-Y0513-3 Rev. F
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Qualcomm Atheros, Inc.
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© 2012-2013 Qualcomm Atheros, Inc.
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Revision History
– 3 –
Revision Date Description
A Aug 2012 Initial release
B Oct 2012 Updated WCN-SS Power Rails and Headswitches figure; expanded on description for Modulated DTIM and
missing beacon; updated testing
C Oct 2012 Added WCNSS configuration guide; added references to WCNSS for Android and Windows
D Dec 2012 Added PNO slides, MSM8974 WCN-SS Power Optimizations
E Jan 2013 Updated Packet Filtering and ARP Offload and Driver Implementation sections
F Feb 2013 Updated graphics on slides 6, 11, and 28; added information on WPM and descriptions of BET and miss
beacon; changed Riva to WCNSS
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Table of Contents
WCN36x0 Power Management
-Power Management SW Architecture
-SW Component Hierarchy for Power Save
-Power Manager
-cCPU Clock Scaling
-SVS Support
-ARM9 Clock Gating and Power Collapse with VDD MIN
-Core BSP Resources Required
-Wakeup Sequence – BT Schedule Activity
-Enter Sleep Sequence
-Exit Sleep Sequence
WLAN Power Save Mode (BMPS and IMPS)
-Power Save Mode
-Power Management Control
-PMC Services
-WCNSS Configuration Guide
BMPS
-BMPS (Beacon Mode Power Save)
-BMPS Listen Interval Negotiation
-BMPS Sequence
-Beacon Early Termination (BET)
-Beacon Miss Detection
IMPS
-IMPS (Idle Mode Power Save)
-IMPS Sequence in Host
-IMPS Sequence
-Testing
Packet Filtering and ARP Offload
-Config Params
-IOCTLs
-IOCTL - WLAN_PRIV_SET_HOST_OFFLOAD Test with iwpriv
-IOCTL - WLAN_SET_PACKET_FILTER_PARAMS
-IOCTL - WLAN_SET_PACKET_FILTER_PARAMS – Test with iwpriv
Driver Implementation
-Packet Filtering and ARP Offload – Driver Implementation
-Call Graph - ARP Offload (config param)
-Call Graph – ARP Offload (IOCTL)
-Call Graph - MC/BC Packet Filtering (Config Param)
-Call Graph - MC/BC Packet Filtering (IOCTL)
-Call Graph - Packet Filter ALL and Allow Only from Registered
Addresses
-Call Graph - Packet Filtering Based on Set Rules (IOCTL)
MC/BCering (Config Param)
Preferred Network Offloading (PNO)
-PNO
-Host-Affected Components
-PNO Parameters
-PNO Command Line Test
-Integrate PNO in Android
MSM8974 WCN-SS Power Optimizations
-Power Management Changes for MSM8974 WCN-SS
-SPM (Subsystem Power Manager) Updates for MSM8974 WCN-SS
-cMEM (Additional 64 KB) Updates for MSM8974 WCN-SS
-uBSP in Low-Power Mode for MSM8974 WCN-SS
-WLAN/BT Low-Power Mode for MSM8974 WCN-SS
References
Questions?
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WCN-SS Power Rails and Headswitches
VDDmx is the memory voltage and
powers RAM blocks
VDDcx is the chip voltage and powers
digital (nonmemory) blocks
RPM controls the voltage of VDDcx and
VDDmx to satisfy the dynamic
requirements of all subsystems that share
access to these rails
Three blocks with isolated power control –
WLAN, Common, and Top (Always-On);
headswitches control power to WLAN and
Common
WLAN software controls the headswitch
to WLAN block; shuts it down whenever
WLAN is idle
Subsystem Power Manager (SPM)
hardware block controls the headswitch to
common block
WLAN_SS
ARM9
CMEM
DXE (Common
DMA Engine)
Reg_initialization
Module
AHB
clk, reset control
SPM/SAW2
GFS_CNTL
PHY
Top
Common_SS
VDDCX VDDMX
FM_HM
BT_HM
WMAC
Mem
Mem
interrupt control
Mem
Mem
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WCN36x0 has an optional
48 MHz reference clock
that is required for WLAN
5 GHz operation.
WCNSS has its own
960 MHz PLL which is on
the GCC and provides the
clock source for much of
the WCNSS subsystem.
19.2 MHz clock from the
PMIC XO or 24 MHz clock
derived from an optional
crystal that is attached to
Iris - The PLL outputs both
a 960 MHz clock and a
480 MHz clock.
CGPLL is needed for
various Bluetooth and FM
analog components; it is
controlled by Power
Manager by Clock Regime
driver.
WCN36x0 Clock
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– 7 –
WCN36x0 Clock (cont.)
48MHz XO on Iris
-The 48MHz XO on Iris is an optional crystal that, if present, can supply a 48MHz clock to
the WLAN RF. It is needed in order to support WLAN 80MHz mode.
CGPLL
-This PLL on Iris provides clocks to various Bluetooth and FM analog components; it will
be enabled and disabled by the Power Manager as needed when entering and exiting an
active BT or FM mode of operation; Power Manager will control the CGPLL via the Clock
Regime driver
cCPU Clock
-The ARM9 (cCPU) clock is programmable to run at 240 MHz, 120 MHz, or 60 MHz; it is
controlled via the Clock Regime driver; Power Manager will dynamically change the
cCPU clock when it is notified of a change in the active wireless technology state
-In order to achieve MIPS requirement targets, the CoreBSP sleep driver must restore the
cCPU clock frequency during wake to the same value it was when going to sleep
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WCN-SS HW – Power Rails
All rails to WCN3660 and WCNSS are controlled by RPM
-No PMIC driver in WCNSS, i.e., no way for WCNSS to talk directly to PMIC
-We use NPA Remoting to forward PMIC control via RPM
PMIC NPA nodes will be provided by the PMIC driver team for each supply, and
control will be managed through these NPA nodes
All rails will be turned ON in the Wake Set from WCNSS and turned OFF in the
Sleep Set
-Including the 2.9V rail for the Transmit PA; very low leakage if PA is not used
WCN3660 requires that 1.8V SMPS I/O supply must come up before 1.3V
-All the other supply domains (1.8V LDO, 1.2V and 2.9V) protect their inputs until 1.3V
supply comes up
-Once 1.3V supply comes up, we release isolation by S/W control, assuming S/W knows
all the necessary supplies have been up
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RAM Leakage Reduction Modes
– 9 –
RAM Mode Description
ACTIVE RAM block is being actively used (read/write)
DORMANT •Standard Cell Power-Collapsed, Memory Periphery
Footswitched
•RAM contents are retained, but the RAM may not be
accessed (no read/write)
OFF All contents of RAM are lost; leakage current is minimized
There are four memory blocks in WCNSS
-cMEM and Cache on Common_SS
-WMAC and PHY memories on WLAN_SS
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WCN-SS HW – GDHS and RAM Supply Rails
WCNSS SW will directly control the WLAN GDHS via register writes
The COMMON GDHS is controlled by SAW2 (SPM); SAW2 is configured by
register writes in the Sleep Driver
TOP is always on, but subject to non-functionality due to VDDmin
-Note: QGIC is actually in COMMON; requires save and restore of QGIC registers by the
Sleep Driver around power collapse
All RAM blocks support for low-power modes of operation
-WLAN RAM will be directly controlled by WCNSS SW via register writes
-COMMON RAM will be controlled by SAW2, which is configured by register writes in the
Sleep Driver
ACTIVE during wake
OFF during sleep (assumes that cMEM and cache contents are always lost during power collapse)
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WCN-SS HW – Clocks
All WCNSS clocks are
derived from the
960 MHz PLL in the
GCC, except during
sleep or the first steps
of the wakeup cycle
before the PLL is
enabled
For WLAN, the cCPU
clock frequency setting
is independent of the
phy clock setting; any
combination can be
used, as long as the
data rate requirements
are met
For BT, only the PLL
generated 32 MHz clock
is used for the link
controller
For FM, only the PLL
generated 19.2 MHz
clock is supported
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WCN-SS HW – Clocks (cont.)
PMIC supplies 19.2 MHz reference clock and 32 kHz sleep clock
IRIS has an optional 48 MHz reference clock that is required for WLAN 5 GHz
operation
960 MHz PLL output is used to drive the WCNSS clock tree in operational mode
-Until PLL output is stable, WCNSS is clocked directly off the 19.2 MHz ref clk
32 kHz sleep clock drives all the WCNSS sleep logic and low-frequency timers
CGPLL on IRIS is used to drive modem, ADC/DAC, and WCN3660 digital blocks
for BT and FM; controlled by Power Manager SW by sending an SSBI command
to IRIS
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WCN-SS HW – Clocks (cont.)
960 MHz PLL will not be reprogrammed dynamically depending on connectivity mode of operation
-All required clocks are derived from this single PLL freq source
List of system clocks generated from PLL (Note: Most clocks also run temporarily off the 19.2 MHz
XO during boot and wake)
-WLAN_PHY_CLK (Root1_320_160_80)
Divider selects from 320/160/80 MHz depending on WLAN BW Mode (20 MHz/ 40 MHz/ 80 MHz)
Controlled by Power Manager
-WLAN_ADC_DAC_CLK (Root2_240_120_60)
Divider selects between 240/120/60 MHz depending on WLAN BW Mode (20 MHz/ 40 MHz/ 80 MHz)
Controlled by Power Manager
-CPU_CLK (Root3_240_120_60)
Used for cCPU and AHB (AHB is always div2)
Divider selects between frequencies depending on MIPS requirements
Can change cCPU freq independent of all other technology clocks
Controlled by Power Manager
-BT_CLK (Root5_32)
Also shared with Coexistence; controlled by Power Manager
-BT_FM_19_2_CLK (Root6_19_2)
Controlled by Power Manager
-CLK_XO_19_2 (Root7_19_2)
This is the main clock that everything comes up on from boot; SPM also uses this
-SLEEP_CLK (Root8_32_768K)
Used for a WLAN sleep timer and for BT sleep clock calibration (if needed)
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– 14 –
WCN-SS HW – Clocks (cont.)
The 48 MHz XO and GCC PLL are controlled by the sleep driver SW
The clock tree settings that exist on entry to sleep are restored upon exit from
sleep by the sleep driver
All requests for clocks are accomplished by function calls to the Clock Regime
driver
-Clock Regime maintains and enforces dependencies
Example: will control VDD NPA node to raise VDD to Nominal before switching cCPU to 240 MHz
-Function calls to Clock Regime are blocking until complete
PM requests clocks that are shared between wireless technologies
-WLAN_RFIF_CLK if it controls common HW (UART baud rate), need feedback
-BT Clock (32 MHz) because it is shared with WLAN due to Coexistence
-BT/FM Clock (19.2 MHz) because it is shared by BT and FM
-cCPU Clock (120 MHz/240 MHz) because it is shared by everything
Other clocks that are technology-specific (i.e., all WLAN clocks) are requested by
the respective stack SW
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WCN-SS HW – Timers
There are 32 kHz local timers on both the collapsible COMMON and the always-
on TOP domains
BT_CLK needs to be saved and restored around power collapse
-Specific HW was added to accurately account for exact number of 32 kHz ticks spent in
sleep mode, used to resynchronize BT_CLK by SW
-Configured in Power Manager since BT_CLK is also used in WLAN as part of
Coexistence
WLAN_CLK needs to be saved and restored around power collapse
-Also uses specific HW; is done in WLAN stack SW
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WCN36x0 Power Management
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Power Management SW Architecture
Power Management HW (SPM, Clocks/PLL, GDDS
headswitches, etc)
RPM DriverNPA Sleep Clock Regime
Driver
WLAN Stack
Power Manager
GDDS
Headswitch
Driver
BT Stack FM Stack
CoreBSP Sleep
Timer Driver
GCC Sleep
Timer
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SW Component Hierarchy for Power Save
Individual stacks (WLAN, BT, FM) decide
when they can go idle for a period of
time
-Set a CoreBSP timer
-Idle the HW specific to that technology (including
IRIS)
-Notify the Connectivity Power Manager of the
mode change
Power Manager (PM) aggregates the modes
of all technologies, controls shared HW
resources, like cCPU clock, and in doing so,
configures NPA for sleep
RPM aggregates control over shared HW
resources across all MSM™ subsystems
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Power Manager
Provides an API for WLAN/BT/FM modules to indicate a change in mode
-PM_WLAN_DISABLED
-PM_WLAN_80MHZ_ENABLED_ACTIVE
-PM_WLAN_80MHZ_ENABLED_INACTIVE
etc.
-PM_BT_DISABLED
-PM_BT_ENABLED_ACTIVE
-PM_BT_ENABLED_INACTIVE
-PM_BT_VOICE_ENABLED_ACTIVE
etc.
-PM_FM_DISABLED
-PM_FM_ENABLED_ACTIVE
-PM_FM_AUDIO_ENABLED_INACTIVE
etc.
Abstracts the power management details from the WLAN/BT/FM modules
-Co-locates all power management details in one module
-Finds the least common denominator among all currently enabled modes
-Sets LPRMs for LPRs registered with Sleep driver
-Controls cCPU clock
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cCPU Clock Scaling
cCPU clock frequency is required to be 240 MHz for all BT Active modes and
WLAN Active mode
VDDcx must be at nominal level for cCPU to operate at 240 MHz
Clock Regime Driver includes NPA request to VDD_Dig node to ensure VDDcx is
at the correct level before setting cCPU clock to requested frequency
To minimize the RPM messages on a cCPU clock frequency change, the Power
Manager makes its own NPA request to the VDD_Dig node; this is bundled with
the request to the Internal Bus Driver in an NPA Transaction, which results in a
single message to the RPM that includes all requests generated by the VDD_Dig
request and Internal Bus Driver requests
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SVS Support
The default VDDcx voltage level is SVS
WCNSS will request a nominal voltage level if it requires the cCPU to operate at
240 MHz; cCPU operates at 240 MHz for all Bluetooth and WLAN Active modes
WCNSS will request a return to SVS voltage level once the mode that required the
240 MHz cCPU clock frequency is changed
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ARM9 Clock Gating and Power Collapse with VDD MIN
On cCPU entering Idle thread, there are only two expected options for the state to
enter
The first of these is ARM9 Clock Gating; this state is entered when the next
expected wake time is too close to the current time, or when the PM has disabled
GDHS; ARM9 Clock Gating mode gates the cCPU clock to the ARM9; no other
hardware is turned off
The PM uses an NPA node provided by the Sleep Driver to disable GDHS; this is
done based on the Power Manager mode set by each technology
If there is enough time until the next expected wakeup, the Power Collapse with
VDD min state is entered
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Core BSP Resources Required
Clock Regime Driver
-CPU clock frequency changes are requested through /clk/cpu NPA node
-All other clocks needed by WCNSS are configured using the DAL Clock API
-Handles the switch to/from the IRIS 48 MHz XO on power collapse entry/exit
Sleep Driver
-GDHS Disable requests are made using the /core/cpu/vdd NPA node
-Configures RPM’s Sleep set for WCNSS/Iris voltage supplies
Internal Bus Driver
-Bus bandwidth requests are made through the icbarb API, which uses the /icb/arbiter NPA
node
-Bus Bandwidth requests are made based on PM mode changes
PMIC NPA
-The PM uses PMIC NPA nodes to request the voltage supplies to be placed in the RPM’s
active set
-PMIC Driver used to communicate directly with PMIC does not exist on WCNSs
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Wakeup Sequence - BT Scheduled Activity
– 24 –
WCN36x0
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Enter Sleep Sequence
Enter Sleep
cCPU
CoreBSP Sleep Driver sends RPM resource set change, and RPM sleep timer value for scheduled wake time
CoreBSP Sleep Driver configures SPM for sleep
CoreBSP Sleep Driver uses Clock Regime driver to set clock gen MUX to 19.2M output
CoreBSP Sleep Driver uses Clock Regime driver to disable 960 MHz PLL (clears bit in GCC)
CoreBSP Sleep Driver uses Clock Regime driver to configure Iris clock plan and disable 48M XO (if used)
CoreBSP Sleep Driver saves state of cCPU in DDR RAM, executes SWFI
SPM
SPM asserts Common reset
SPM enables Common isolation
SPM disables Common clocks
SPM drives cMEM into retention mode (if required)
SPM disables headswitch to Common
SPM notifies RPM is in sleep state
RPM/MPM
RPM grants sleep request
RPM takes down Iris voltage sources
RPM instructs MPM to set VDDcx & VDDmx to proper levels
MPM changes VDDcx and VDDmx from nominal to retention (or off) levels
MPM disables 19.2M PMIC XO buffer
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Exit Sleep Sequence
Exit Sleep
MPM
MPM Timer Expires (t = 0)
MPM Enables 19.2M PMIC XO buffer
MPM Changes VDDcx and VDDmx from retention/off to nominal levels (1.05V)
MPM Enables RPM
RPM/SPM
RPM Sends wakeup to
SPM
SPM
issues bringup_req to RPM
RPM brings up Iris voltage sources
RPM issues
bringup_ack to SPM
SPM
enables Common headswitches
SPM
drives cMEM into functional mode
SPM
enables Common clocks
SPM
disables Common isolation
SPM
de-asserts Common reset
cCPU
cCPU executes warm boot code in CoreBSP, OS restores context from DDR, and returns to the SWFI instruction
CoreBSP Sleep Driver uses Clock Regime driver to configure Iris clock plan and enable 48M XO (if used)
CoreBSP Sleep Driver uses Clock Regime driver to enable 960MHz PLL (sets bit in GCC)
CoreBSP Sleep Driver uses Clock Regime driver to set clock gen MUX to PLL output
CoreBSP Sleep Driver restores local Sleep Timer by reading MPM counter
CoreBSP
Sleep Driver umasks interrupts; cCPU processes interrupt
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WLAN Power Save Mode (BMPS and IMPS)
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Android Power Save Mode
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– 29 –
Power Management Control
PMC features
-Part of the Station Management Entity (SME)
-Designed to be independent of the OS platform
-Independent of a target hardware device to accommodate future products
-Provides services to HDD, CSR, QoS and other driver modules
-Uses vOSS and PE/HAL services to accomplish power management-related tasks
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– 30 –
PMC Services
Driver modules can use these PMC services
-Query the current Power Save state of the system
-Request to enter a specific Power Save mode, e.g., IMPS and BMPS
-Request Full Power
-Disallow entry into Power Save modes
-Control Power Save modes, wakeup cycles, etc. by updating the config
-Signal power-related events, e.g., hibernate, etc.
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Power-Save FW
– 31 –
WPM (WLAN Power
Manager)
-Aggregate votes (from
the clients using API)
and their modes of
operation
-Four states exist in
WPM:
RXONLY
ACTIVE
Low_pwr1: BMPS
Low_pwr2: IMPS or no
vote from any clients
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WCNSS Configuration Guide
– 32 –
See Q2 and Q3 for more information.
Name Description Default
gEnableImps Enable Idle Mode Power Save
1 – Enable
0 – Disable
1
gEnableBmps Enable Beacon Mode Power Save
1 – Enable
0 – Disable
1
gBmpsMinListenInterval
gBmpsModListenInterval
gBmpsMaxListenInterval
Default Configure DTIM
1 – Min
65535 – Max
1
gEnableModulatedDTIM Use Modulated DTIM
0 – Disable
5 – Max
0
gEnableDynamicDTIM Use Dynamic DTIM
0 – Disable
5 – Max
0
gTelescopicBeaconWakeupEn Use Tele-DTIM
0 – Disable
1 – Enable
0
telescopicBeaconTransListenInterval
telescopicBeaconTransListenIntervalNumIdleBcns
telescopicBeaconMaxListenInterval
telescopicBeaconMaxListenIntervalNumIdleBcns
Configure Tele-DTIM
For Interval: 1 – Min 7 – Max
For NumIdleBcns 5 – Min 255 – Max
3
10
5
15
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BMPS
– 33 –
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– 34 –
BMPS (Beacon Mode Power Save)
In WCNSS_qcom_cfg.ini
-gEnableBmps = 1
Associated with an access point and no traffic in Tx or Rx
WLAN digital domain is power-collapsed along with the corresponding domain in
the WCN3660 chipset; if no other connectivity technology (BT or FM) is active, the
entire WCN subsystem is power-collapsed
BMPS Enter trigger can come from two places
-HDD - WLAN host device driver
-PMC – WCNSS FW autonomously may decide to put the system in BMPS mode
Wake up every Listen/DTIM interval to listen to Beacon to check DTIM information
to retrieve packets buffered at AP and check capability information
BMPS Exit trigger can come from
-Explicit Exit indication from HDD
-WCNSS FW can decide to bring the chip out of BMPS
-WCNSS FW is responsible for putting the chip back to BMPS
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– 35 –
BMPS Listen Interval Negotiation
If gIgnoreDtim isn’t set, set the LI using
-gBmpsMinListenInterval
-gBmpsModListenInterval
-gBmpsMaxListenInterval
Use gPowerUsage to identify which listen interval to use
DTIM = AP interval
Listen Interval Calculation
-1) If DTIMs ≤ LI then LI = DTIMs.
-2) ELSE
(1) If DTIMs is divisible by LI then LI will not be changed.
Example: a. LI=4 and DTIMs=8, LI=4. b. LI=3 and DTIMs=6, LI=3
(2) If DTIMs is not divisible by LI, then from GCD to LI, get the biggest value that can divide
the DTIMs.
Example: a. LI=4 and DTIMs=9, LI=3 b. LI = 7 and DTIMs = 12, LI = 6
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– 36 –
BMPS Listen Interval Negotiation (cont.)
Set gEnableModulatedDTIM = MDTIM
Modulate DTIM
-When the system is in suspend (maximum beacon will be at 1s == 10)
If maxModulatedDTIM ((MAX_LI_VAL = 10) / DTIMs) equal or larger than MDTIM (configured in
WCNSS_qcom_cfg.ini)
Set LI to MDTIM * DTIM
If Dtim = 2 and Mdtim = 2 then LI is 4
Else
Set LI to maxModulatedDTIM * DTIMs
-When the system wakes up
Set LI to DTIM
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– 37 –
BMPS Listen Interval Negotiation (cont.)
gIgnoreDtim = 1
ignoreDtim
-Ignore DTIM interval; set the current LI
Use the gEnableDynamicDTIM = a
Dynamic DTIM
-When the system into the suspend – LCD off
Reconfigure power parameters (DTIMa)
Exit BMPS
Re-enter BMPS so that WCNSS takes into account the DTIMa
-When the system wakes up
Reconfigure power parameters (DTIM1)
Exit BMPS
Re-enter BMPS so that WCNSS takes into account the DTIMa
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– 38 –
BMPS Listen Interval Negotiation (cont.)
Set gTelescopicBeaconWakeupEn = 1
x = count how long it stays in that node without packet
l1 = telescopicBeaconTransListenIntervalNumIdleBcns
l2 = telescopicBeaconMaxListenIntervalNumIdleBcns
Telescopic DTIM
-Start with interval of 1
-Stay in interval of 1 for telescopicBeaconTransListenIntervalNumIdleBcns amount
If no data during that period move to telescopicBeaconTransListenInterval interval
Stay in this interval for telescopicBeaconMaxListenIntervalNumIdleBcns amount
–If no data during that period move to telescopicBeaconMaxListenInterval
-If data is presented, move back to interval of LI1
-If two consecutive beacons are missed, move back to interval of LI1
After first beacon miss, it tries to receive the next earliest arriving beacon
See Q1 for more information.
LI1 LI3
LI2
x > l1 & !packet
x <= l1 & !packet
x > l2 & !packet
x <= l2 & !packet
packet
packet
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– 39 –
BMPS Sequence
HAL
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Beacon Early Termination (BET)
– 40 –
Terminate the reception of beacon if the TIM element is clear for the power saving
BET can be configured in a WCNSS configuration file
BET is supported only in 2.4 Ghz for Infra STA case
For P2P Client BET is disabled as FW has to parse NOA attributes in Beacon
Beacon Early Termination (BET) Config
(‘enableBeaconEarlyTermination=1’)
Behavior
beaconEarlyTerminationWakeInterval=3
Every 2nd Beacon is a Non-BET beacon and hence
has longer active duration
beaconEarlyTerminationWakeInterval=9 Every 4th Beacon is a Non-BET beacon and hence
has longer active duration
beaconEarlyTerminationWakeInterval=10 Every 5th Beacon is a Non-BET beacon and hence
has longer active duration
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Beacon Miss Detection
– 41 –
Maintains a circular buffer with Beacon wait times for last 50 beacons
Pick a maximum value from the buffer and use it as next timeout period for
receiving beacon (range: ucMinBcnWaitTU, ucMaxBcnWaitTU)
Beacon Wait Window extends with consecutive beacon misses
Beacon window is flexible for APs with good and poor connectivity
Beacon window extension with consecutive bcn misses
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IMPS
– 42 –
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– 43 –
IMPS (Idle Mode Power Save)
To enable, in WCNSS_qcom_cfg.ini
-gEnableImps = 1
Station is not connected to AP
CSR requests PMC enter IMPS between scans
IMPS exit or does not start during
-Idle scan is disabled
-Device stays in IMPS until it is explicitly requested to exit that mode
Entry/exit from this mode is triggered by host software
WLAN register contents need to be restored upon exiting this mode
Hardware state
-WLAN hardware domain is power-collapsed
-WCNSS common may or may not be power-collapsed based on the scan
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– 44 –
IMPS (cont.)
Station looks in its existing profile list and sends a probe request, with SSID
specified in profile
Station repeats process and continues to repeat steps until it is associated with an
AP
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IMPS Sequence in Host
– 45 –
CSR PMC PE WDA WDI HAL
eWNI_PMC_ENTER_IM
PS_REQ
(pTimeInterval)
pmcRequestImps
pmcEnterImpsState
WDA_ENTER_IMPS_REQ
pmmImpsSendChangePwr
SaveMsg
WDI_EnterImpsReq
WDA_ProcessEnterImpsReq WLAN_HAL_ENTER_IMPS_REQ
WDI_2_HAL_REQ_TYPE
WLAN_HAL_ENTER_IMPS_
RSP
HAL_2_WDI_RSP_TYPE
WDA_EnterImpsReqCallback
WDA_ENTER_IMPS_RSP
pmmEnterImpsResponseHan
dler
eWNI_PMC_ENTER_IM
PS_RSP
pmcProcessResponse
Success/False
halPS_SetListenIntervalParam:
Set interval to config
halPS_HandleFwEnterImpsRsp
Any
Request
for Full
Power
will be
deferred
Check if:
Imps Enabled/Imps Allowed/Not already in IMPS
Check if:
Not associated/ PE in IDLE state
Populate ADU Register List
If request for full power is pending
start wakeup procedure
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IMPS Sequence in WCNSS
– 46 –
HAL SLM WLAN HW
halPS_HandleEnterImpsReq
QWLANFW_HOST2FW_ENTER_IMPS_REQ
slmPsImpsPwrDownSeq
QWLANFW_ERR_STATUS_OK \
QWLANFW_ERR_MBOX_SEND_MSG_FAILURE
halPS_HandleFwEnterImpsRsp
eHAL_STATUS_SUCCESS \
eHAL_STATUS_FAILURE
Update ADU register List
Configure HW for IMPS mode
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– 47 –
Testing
Almost all the target numbers are calculated on screen room
-Only one client connected to AP
-No noise generated
-Broadcast/multicast filter is on
-It is performance-configured (many apps and debug features are turned off)
During BMPS and IMPS
In default, Android wakes up the host every 5 min in IMPS
In default, Android wakes up the host every 30 min in BMPS
-During those modes, if the current consumption goes up to 70mA and stays there for
more than 1 sec, it could be app processor not going to suspend mode
-WCNSS should not exceed 2 % of usage during those modes
Disconnect JTAG and USB during your current measurement
DTIMx
-x indicates what interval it is. x = 1 then 100 ms each beacon during BMPS
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– 48 –
Testing (cont.)
Capture kernel log with iwpriv enabled
-This will display the extra log message
SME: Iwpriv wlan0 setwlandbg 6 8 1
WDA: Iwpriv wlan0 setwlandbg 8 8 1
HDD: Iwpriv wlan0 setwlandbg 5 4 1
Capture powertop log
-To see what kind of process is running at that moment and processor speed
Capture tcpdump
-To debug what kinds of packets trigger apps processor to wake up
-In ADB shell
tcpdump -i any -s 0 -w /data/ip2.pcap
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Packet Filtering and ARP Offload
– 49 –
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Packet Filtering and ARP Offload
Packet Filtering
-There are two different types of Packet Filtering
Filter received Multicast/Broadcast packets completely without passing them to host driver
Filter received Multicast/Broadcast packets selectively based on set rules
ARP Offload
-Host offloads the process of sending ARP response messages
-WCNSS sends ARP response messages
WCNSS_qcom_cfg.ini contains config params for Packet Filtering and ARP
Offload
Whenever the system is going into early suspend (screen off), wlan driver will apply the filters
Whenever the system is moving out of suspend (late resume) these filters will be cleared
– 50 –
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ARP Offload and Packet Filtering during Concurrency
WCNSS stays in Active mode during concurrency (STA + P2P Client or STA +
P2PGo)
WCNSS Active mode Offloads is Disabled
-Config param gEnableActiveModeOffload=0
-ARP offload and MC filtering is done in WCNSS when phone enters Suspend mode and
when WCNSS is in BMPS mode of operation
-This implies that ARP offload and MC filtering will not happen during concurrency if
WCNSS Active mode Offloads is disabled
WCNSS Active mode Offloads is Enabled
-Config param gEnableActiveModeOffload=1
-ARP offload and MC filtering becomes independent of the BMPS mode
-ARP offload and MC filtering works even in WCNSS Active mode
-This implies that ARP offload and MC filtering will happen during concurrency if WCNSS
Active mode Offloads is enabled
– 51 –
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Packet Filtering and ARP Offload – Config Params
The following Config Params are supported in WCNSS_qcom_cfg.ini
If gEnableActiveModeOffload=1 following will be the behavior during concurrency
– 52 –
Config param
in ini Functionality Allowed Values
mcastBcastFilter To filter Mcast / Bcast Rx packets
completely 0: No filtering
1: Filter all Multicast.
2: Filter all Broadcast.
3: Filter all Mcast and Bcast
hostArpOffload To enable HostARPOffload feature so
that ARP response will be sent 0 – Disable
1 – Enable
isMcAddrListFilter To allow Mcast RX packets from
registered addresses only and filter
remaining Mcast and Bcast Rx packets
0 – Disable
1 - Enable
Concurrent Mode ARP Offload
hostArpOffload=1 MCPacket Filtering
isMcAddrListFilter=1 MCBC Filtering
McastBcastFilter=0
STA + P2P Client ARP Offload is enabled
for STA and P2P Client
modes.
Packet Filtering is
enabled for both STA and
P2P Client modes
Currently Not Supported
in concurrency.
STA + P2P GO ARP Offload is enabled
for STA mode Only. Packet Filtering is
enabled for STA mode
ONLY.
Currently Not Supported
in Concurrency.
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Packet Filtering and ARP Offload – Config Params (cont.)
– 53 –
Config param in ini Allowed Values
mcastBcastFilter 0: No filtering 1: Filter all Multicast.
2: Filter all Broadcast. 3: Filter all Mcast and Bcast
hostArpOffload 0 – Disable 1 – Enable
isMcAddrListFilter 0 – Disable 1 - Enable
mcastBcastFilter isMcAddrListFilter hostArpOffload Expected Behavior
Multicast Packets
Filtered by FW/HW
Broadcast Packets
Filtered by
FW /HW
ARP Rsp
0 0 0 NO NO NO
1 0 0 YES NO NO
2 0 0 NO YES NO
3 0 0 YES YES NO
0 1 0 YES – Except for the
registered Addresses
YES NO
1 1 0 YES YES NO
2 1 0 YES – Except for the
registered Addresses
YES NO
3 1 0 YES YES NO
0 0 1 NO NO YES
1 0 1 YES NO YES
2 0 1 NO NO YES
3 0 1 YES NO(filter internally
set to MC only)
YES
0 1 1 YES – Except for the
registered Addresses
YES YES
1 1 1 YES YES YES
2 1 1 YES – Except for the
registered Addresses
YES YES
3 1 1 YES YES YES
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Packet Filtering and ARP Offload - IOCTLs
The following IOCTLs are available to set Packet Filtering and ARP Offload
features
– 54 –
IOCTL Functionality
WLAN_PRIV_SET_MCBC_FILTER
To filter Mcast/Bcast RX packets completely
WLAN_PRIV_CLEAR_MCBC_FILTER To clear the filters for Mcast/Bcast RX packets
WLAN_PRIV_SET_HOST_OFFLOAD To enable HostARPOffload feature so that ARP response
will be sent. This IOCTL can also be used for Neighbor
Discovery Offload.
WLAN_SET_PACKET_FILTER_PARAMS To filter Mcast and Bcast RX packets selectively based
on filter params
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IOCTL - WLAN_PRIV_SET_HOST_OFFLOAD
IOCTL WLAN_PRIV_SET_HOST_OFFLOAD can be used for ARP Offload or
Neighbor Discovery Offload
Input Params
-Offload Type
0 - WLAN_IPV4_ARP_REPLY_OFFLOAD
1 - WLAN_IPV6_NEIGHBOR_DISCOVERY_OFFLOAD
-Enable Or Disable Flag
0 - WLAN_OFFLOAD_DISABLE
0x1 - WLAN_OFFLOAD_ENABLE
WLAN_OFFLOAD_ARP_AND_BC_FILTER_ENABLE
It is valid only in the context of ARP Offload type
Its value is (WLAN_OFFLOAD_ENABLE | WLAN_OFFLOAD_BC_FILTER_ENABLE)
0x2 - WLAN_OFFLOAD_BC_FILTER_ENABLE
-IPV4 Address
If Offload Type is ARP and the request is for Enable
-IPV6 Address
If Offload Type is Neighbor Discovery and the request is for Enable
Refer wlan_hdd_host_offload.h for more details
– 55 –
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IOCTL - WLAN_SET_PACKET_FILTER_PARAMS
WLAN_SET_PACKET_FILTER_PARAMS
-Packet Filtering feature enables FW to filter multicast and broadcast packets and send
only those packets that match the configured filter rules up to the host SW even when the
Host is active
-Provides flexibility to filter intended multicast and broadcast packets at reception in STA
Active mode
-Received packets that do not match the filter rules set will be dropped and not sent to
host
-Unicast frames will unconditionally be sent to host
-Parameters are configured dynamically through a private IOCTL
– 56 –
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IOCTL - WLAN_SET_PACKET_FILTER_PARAMS (cont.)
Packet Filtering IOCTL requires input parameters
-filterAction – Enum Type To Set and Clear filters
-filterId – ID of the filter
-numParams – Number of parameters/frame headers to add for filtering
-paramsData – Array of structures with protocol layer header, comparison flags & data
fields corresponding to the header as below
protocolLayer – Type of protocol layer header to which the data being configured correspond
cmpFlag – Comparison type
dataOffset – Offset of the data to compare from the respective protocol layer header start (as per
the respective protocol specification) in terms of bytes
dataLength – Length of data to compare
compareData – Array of 8 bytes
dataMask – Mask to be applied on the received packet data (array of 8 bytes)
– 57 –
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IOCTL - WLAN_SET_PACKET_FILTER_PARAMS (cont.)
Possible values for the input parameters
-filterAction can have 2 valid values
filterAction = 1 means to set the filter
filterAction = 2 means to clear the filter
-filterId can have the following possible values
filterId = 0 to 9
-Elements of paramsData structure can take the following values
protocolLayer = 1 for MAC header
protocolLayer = 2 for ARP header
protocolLayer = 3 for IP header
-cmpFlag can have the following values
cmpFlag = 0 means comparison is invalid
cmpFlag = 1 means compare for equality of the data present in received packet to the
corresponding configured data
cmpFlag = 2 means for equality of the data present in received packet to the corresponding
configured data after applying the mask
cmpFlag = 3 means compare for non-equality of the data present in received packet to the
corresponding configured data
cmpFlag = 4 means compare for non-equality of the data present in received packet to the
corresponding configured data after applying the mask
cmpFlag can be programmed with any of the above values in such a way that received frames can
selectively be allowed to host or dropped at FW
– 58 –
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IOCTL - WLAN_SET_PACKET_FILTER_PARAMS (cont.)
Example (1) – Add a filter for IPv6 multicast packets (multicast address starting
with 0x33 33) at FW even when host is in Active mode and FW will allow/push
the packets matching with this filter to host. All other data packets received which
do not fall into this filter category will be dropped by FW and will not be allowed to
host
-With filterAction = 1, filterId = 2, numParams = , 2paramsData [0]. protocolLayer = 1,
paramsData [0].cmpFlag = 3, paramsData [0].compareData = 0x333300000000,
paramsData [0].dataMask = 0xFFFF00000000, paramsData [0].dataOffset = 4,
paramsData [0]. dataLength = 6 ; paramsData [1]. protocolLayer = 1, paramsData
[1].cmpFlag = 1, paramsData [1].compareData = 0x86DD, paramsData [1]. dataLength
= 2 & paramsData [1].dataOffset = 34,
– 59 –
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IOCTL - WLAN_SET_PACKET_FILTER_PARAMS (cont.)
Example (2) – To drop IPv6 multicast frames with IP address range as FFxx::\16
at FW, the filter need to be configured as follows
-filterAction = 1
-filterId = 7 (can be any value from 0 to 9)
-numParams = 4
-paramsData [0]. protocolLayer = 2, paramsData [0].cmpFlag = 3, paramsData
[0].dataOffset = 6, paramsData [0]. dataLength = 2 , paramsData [0].compareData =
0x86DD, paramsData [0].dataMask = 0x0
-paramsData [1]. protocolLayer = 3, paramsData [1].cmpFlag = 4, paramsData
[1].dataOffset = 24, paramsData [1]. dataLength = 2, paramsData [1].compareData =
0xFF, paramsData [1]. dataMask = 0xFF
-paramsData [2]. protocolLayer = 3, paramsData [2].cmpFlag = 3, paramsData
[2].dataOffset = 28, paramsData [2]. dataLength = 8, paramsData [2].compareData =
0x0, paramsData [2].dataMask = 0x0
-paramsData [3]. protocolLayer = 3, paramsData [3].cmpFlag = 3, paramsData
[3].dataOffset = 36, paramsData [3]. dataLength = 4 , paramsData [3].compareData =
0x22, paramsData [3].dataMask = 0x0
– 60 –
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IOCTL - WLAN_SET_PACKET_FILTER_PARAMS - Test with iwpriv
Command to set filter to drop ipv4 MC (address range :- 224.0.0.0 to
239.255.255.255) by using mask not equal(4)
-adb shell iwpriv wlan0 setPktFilter 1 8 1 3 4 16 1 224 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Command that clears above ipv4 MC filter
-adb shell iwpriv wlan0 setPktFilter 2 8 1 3 4 16 1 224 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Command to set filter to drop ipv6 MC (address range :- FFxx::\16) by using not
equal(3) and mask not equal(4)
-adb shell iwpriv wlan0 setPktFilter 1 7 4 2 3 6 2 134 221 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 24
2 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 28 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 36 4 0 0
0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Command that clears the ipv6 MC filter
-adb shell iwpriv wlan0 setPktFilter 2 7 4 2 3 6 2 134 221 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 24
2 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 28 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 36 4 0 0
0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
– 61 –
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Driver Implementation
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Packet Filtering and ARP Offload – Driver Implementation
Whenever the system goes into early suspend (screen off), wlan driver will apply
the filters based on config params
Based on ini params appropriate function is called in early suspend to filter
packets
-hdd_conf_hostarpoffload() - To enable ARP Offload feature
-wlan_hdd_set_mc_addr_list() - To allow Mcast RX packets from registered addresses
only and filter remaining Mcast and Bcast Rx packets
-sme_ConfigureSuspendInd() - To filter Mcast / Bcast Rx packets completely
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Call Graph - ARP Offload (config param)
Call Graph for setting ARP Offload feature through ini param hostArpOffload
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Call Graph - ARP Offload (IOCTL)
Call Graph for setting ARP Offload feature through IOCTL
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Call Graph - MC/BC Packet Filtering (Config Param)
Call Graph for filtering Mcast/Bcast pkts completely through ini param
mcastBcastFilter
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Call Graph - MC/BC Packet Filtering (IOCTL)
Call Graph for filtering Mcast/Bcast pkts completely through IOCTL
The above function call flow will happen if WLAN is already in suspended state
Otherwise the filter is set as part of next suspend event
-Similar to the call graph corresponding to ini param mcastBcastFilter
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Call Graph - Packet Filter ALL and allow only from Registered
Addresses
Call Graph for filtering ALL Mcast/Bcast pkts except the Mcast pkts from
registered addresses when isMcAddrListFilter is set
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Call Graph - Packet Filtering Based on Set Rules (IOCTL)
Call Graph for filtering Mcast/Bcast pkts based on set rules through IOCTL
– 69 –
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Preferred Network Offloading (PNO)
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– 71 –
PNO
PNO enables a high-level application to request the WLAN firmware to look for
networks of choice in an efficient manner.
The user application can save a list of preferred SSIDs.
WCNSS FW software scans for such SSIDs based on a higher level application
request, provided that the system is in the early suspended state, which enables
aCPU to preserve power while WCNSS looks for a preferred network.
WCNSS will notify aCPU if any of the saved SSIDs are found OTA.
Private IOCTL is exposed from driver to enable/disable PNO.
The PNO default scan interval is 5 seconds if the PNO scan timer is not set.
PNO scans for preferred networks start at aCPU early suspend state and stop as
soon as aCPU in late resume state.
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– 72 –
Host-Affected Components
PNO code is featurized with the FEATURE_WLAN_SCAN_PNO flag
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– 73 –
Host-Affected Components (cont.)
HDD
-Exposes configuration IOCTL to set up preferred network list either via private IOCTL
with “pno” command or via extended private IOCTL, WLAN_SET_PNO
(SIOCIWFIRSTPRIV + 24)
-Sends IWEVCUSTOM event to supplicant to notify preferred network found
-wlan_hdd_wext.c
iw_set_pno function handle PNO requests
found_pref_network_cb function sends IWEVCUSTOM event to supplicant
SME
-Updates scan parameters to WCNSS initially and as soon as changes occur
csrApiScan.c, pmcUpdateScanParams in csrApplyChannelPowerCountryInfo when changes occur
-Posts WDA_SET_PNO_REQ message to WDA module with PNO settings
-Callback HDD when getting indication eWNI_SME_PREF_NETWORK_FOUND_IND with
preferred network found
WDA/WDI
-Sends PNO request to WCNSS via SMD
-Handles WDI_PREF_NETWORK_FOUND_IND indication from WCNSS when preferred
network found and sends message eWNI_SME_PREF_NETWORK_FOUND_IND to
SME
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– 74 –
PNO Parameters
<enabled>: 0- disable, 1- enable
<network count>: Number of networks in preferred list
For each network
-<ssid length>: SSID length of the preferred network
-<ssid>: Preferred network SSID
-<authentication>: Authentication (0 – any authentication). Please refer to wlan_hal_msg.h, tAuthType
type
-<encryption>: Encryption (0 – any encryption). Please refer to wlan_hal_msg.h, tEdType type
-<ch_num>: Number of channels. If 0 is mentioned, then all 2.4G/5G channels will be scanned.
-<channel_list optional>: Channel number to scan. If 0 is set for <ch_num>, then this can be skipped
-<bcast_type>: preferred SSID is broadcast or hidden.
0: Don’t know: Broadcast probe will be send first and if no probe response is received then a directed Probe
request will be send
Broadcast: Only broadcast Probe requests will be send
Hidden: Only directed Probe requests for that SSID will be send
-<rssi_threshold>: RSSI threshold, beyond this RSSI value the network will not be reported to APPS
<scan_timers>: Number of scan timers. Max number of scan timers is 10.
For each scan timer
-<scan_time>: scan interval in secs
-<scan_repeat>: Number of times to scan using the scan interval. 0 means scan continuously till PNO
disabled
<PNO mode>: 1 – to start PNO when aCPU in early suspend state and stop when in late resume
state
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– 75 –
PNO Command Line Test
adb shell iwpriv wlan0 setpno "1 1 5 Prima 0 0 3 1 6 11 0 90 2 45 8 300 0 1"
-‘1’: Enable PNO
-‘1’ :1 network in preferred list
-‘5’: SSID “Prima” length is 5
-‘4’: ‘Prima’ as preferred network SSID
-‘0’: any authentication
-‘0’: any encryption
-‘3’: Number of channels is 3 as channel 1, 6 and 11.
-‘1 6 11’: scan channel 1, 6 and 11
-‘0’: Don’t know: Broadcast probe is sent first, and if no probe response is received, then a
directed Probe request is sent
-‘90’: RSSI threshold as -90
-‘2’: Number of scan timers is 2
-‘45’: First timer scan interval is 45 seconds
-‘8’: scan 8 times every 45 seconds
-‘300’: Second timer scan interval is 300 seconds
-‘0’: scan every 300 seconds until PNO is disabled
-‘1’: PNO scan to work in aCPU late suspend mode
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– 76 –
Integrate PNO in Android
Android framework has background scan implementation which relies on Wifi
PNO or RTC timer itself to scan periodically for preferred network
-Set config_wifi_background_scan_support flag in
frameworks/base/core/res/res/values/config.xml to define using Wifi PNO or RTC timer
periodic wakeup scan
true: wifi chipset supports background scanning mechanism (PNO); this mechanism allows the
host to remain in suspend state and the wlan firmware to actively scan and wake the host when a
configured SSID is detected; set to true to use Wifi PNO
false: default value; use RTC timers to do periodic wakeup scan
wpa_supplicant has android_pno_start and android_pno_stop function attached
to framework to enable and disable PNO
-In external/wpa_supplicant_8/src/drivers/driver_nl80211.c, customers have to change
these functions’ implementation for WCN solution PNO parameters
wpa_supplicant has to handle custom event received from driver
-Customers have to modify wpa_supplicant to handle the event accordingly
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MSM8974 WCN-SS Power Optimizations
– 77 –
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Power Management Changes for MSM8974 WCN-SS
SPM (Subsystem Power Manager)
-SPM controls the IRIS XO, PLL
cMEM
-Limit access to the MSM DDR during low-power mode of operation
-Increase the cMEM size by an additional 64 KB
Total cMEM is 120 KBytes (56 KB + 64 KB)
uBSP running from cMEM to support WLAN BMPS and BT LPPS operations
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SPM (Subsystem Power Manager) Updates for MSM8974 WCN-SS
Change to the warm-boot sequence
-Wakeup from RPM/aCPU triggers SPM
-SPM starts the power-up sequence
SPM performs handshake with RPM to request resources
RPM enables WCN resources and acknowledges the request
SPM configures 5-wire WLAN GPIOs to prepare the 48 MHz Iris XO
SPM configures WCN36x0 clock plan and enables the 48 MHz XO (if used)
SPM enables WCN-SS 960 MHz PLL
-ARM9 starts fetching instructions from DDR/cMEM
– 79 –
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cMEM (additional 64KB) Updates for MSM8974 WCN-SS
Low-Power Mode
-Minimize DDR access to
reduce the power
consumption in the lower
power mode (WLAN
BMPS and BT LPPS)
-uBSP code will run in
cMEM space in the
lower-power mode
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uBSP in Low-Power Mode for MSM8974 WCN-SS
– 81 –
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WLAN/BT Low-Power Mode for MSM8974 WCN-SS
WLAN Low-power mode
-WLAN BMPS mode handling in cMEM
TIM SET (Unicast Data Pending) – Fetch the instructions from DDR
DTIM SET (B/Mcast Data Pending) – Fetch the instructions from
DDR
TIM CLEAR – Power Down (no instruction fetching from DDR)
BT Low-power mode
-BT LPPS (Low-Power Page Scan) handling in cMEM
1.28 Seconds Timer Interrupt
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References
Ref. Document
Qualcomm
Q1 Application Note: Telescopic Beacon Wakeup 80-N7461-1
Q2 WCNSS Android™ Configuration Guide 80-N8140-1
Q3 WCNSS Windows Configuration Guide 80-N5047-23
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Questions?
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