Miniature Helical PCB Antenna For 868 MHz Or 915/920 Antena Guide
868_Antena_PCb_Guide
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Design Note DN038 Miniature Helical PCB Antenna for 868 MHz or 915/920 MHz By Richard Wallace Keywords Miniature Helical PCB Antenna Optimized for compact designs 868 or 915/920 MHz ISM Bands 1 CC11xx CC12xx Introduction This document describes a compact PCB helical antenna that has been specifically designed for 868 MHz or 915/920 MHz ISM bands. The PCB helical antenna requires two matching components for matching to a 50-ohm load. When a large PCB area (38 mm x 24 mm) is available for the antenna then the recommended antenna is DN024 [1] since the impedance is closer to 50 ohm without any external matching components (868 MHz: 30+j11; VSWR 1.8) and the bandwidth is around 90 MHz. The miniature PCB helical antenna is more compact (19 mm x 11 mm) with approximately quarter of the size of the DN024 [1] but requires matching components since the impedance is far from 50 ohms (868 MHz: 10-j88; VSWR 22). When the miniature helical antenna is matched then the bandwidth is around 40 MHz and has similar efficiency as DN024 [1] antenna when measured on the TRXEB platform. All measurement results presented in this document are based on measurements performed on the CC110L EM Rev 1.0 Reference Design [3], shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. CC110L EM 868 / 915 MHz SWRA416 Page 1 of 24 Design Note DN038 Table of Contents KEYWORDS.............................................................................................................................. 1 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 2 ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................... 2 3 ANTENNA DESIGN ........................................................................................................ 3 3.1 PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS .............................................................................................. 3 3.2 ANTENNA MATCH NETWORK ...................................................................................... 4 3.3 ANTENNA BANDWIDTH MEASUREMENT........................................................................ 7 3.4 ANTENNA OTA MEASUREMENT .................................................................................. 7 3.4.1 868 MHz OTA Measurement Summary ............................................................................ 7 4 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................ 9 5 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 10 6 GENERAL INFORMATION ........................................................................................... 10 6.1 DOCUMENT HISTORY ............................................................................................... 10 7 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................... 11 7.1 CTIA OTA REPORT – 868 MHZ (ANTENNA MATCHED AT 868 MHZ)........................... 11 7.1.1 OTA Evaluation Results .................................................................................................. 11 7.1.2 RP_868.000_tot .............................................................................................................. 12 7.1.3 RP_868.000_hor ............................................................................................................. 13 7.1.4 RP_868.000_ver ............................................................................................................. 14 7.1.5 Theta = 0, Phi = 0 .......................................................................................................... 15 7.1.6 Theta = 180, Phi = 0 ...................................................................................................... 15 7.1.7 Theta = 90, Phi = 0 ........................................................................................................ 16 7.1.8 Theta = 90, Phi = 180 .................................................................................................... 16 7.1.9 Theta = 90, Phi = 270 .................................................................................................... 17 7.1.10 Theta = 90, Phi = 90 ...................................................................................................... 17 7.2 CTIA OTA REPORT – 915 MHZ (ANTENNA MATCHED AT 868 MHZ)........................... 18 7.2.1 OTA Evaluation Results: ................................................................................................ 18 7.2.2 RP_915.000_tot .............................................................................................................. 19 7.2.3 RP_915.000_hor ............................................................................................................. 20 7.2.4 RP_915.000_ver ............................................................................................................. 21 7.2.5 Theta = 0, Phi = 0 .......................................................................................................... 22 7.2.6 Theta = 180, Phi = 0 ...................................................................................................... 22 7.2.7 Theta = 90, Phi = 0 ........................................................................................................ 23 7.2.8 Theta = 90, Phi = 180 .................................................................................................... 23 7.2.9 Theta = 90, Phi = 270 .................................................................................................... 24 7.2.10 Theta = 90, Phi = 90 ...................................................................................................... 24 2 Abbreviations ANT CTIA DC EM ETSI FCC FR4 ISM NM OTA PCB SRD TRP TRXEB Antenna Cellular Telephone Industry Association Direct Current Evaluation Module European Telecommunications Standards Institute Federal Communications Commission Material type used for producing PCB Industrial, Scientific, Medical Not Mounted Over The Air Printed Circuit Board Short Range Devices Total Radiated Power Evaluation Board SWRA416 Page 2 of 24 Design Note DN038 3 3.1 Antenna Design Physical Dimensions Figure 2. Top Layer Layout Figure 3. Zoom of Top and Bottom Layer Layout with Via Markings Dimension H 12 mm H1 6 mm H2 0.5 mm W 19 mm W1 1 mm W2 1 mm Via dia 0.38 mm Table 1. Antenna Dimensions Top layer is shown in blue and the bottom layer is shown in red for Figure 2 and Figure 3. The “X” markers indicate via positions which route between the top and bottom layers. PCB board thickness for the CC110L EM 868 / 915 MHz reference design [3] is 0.8 mm. Another PCB thickness can be used but then the antenna match must be re-calculated. SWRA416 Page 3 of 24 Design Note DN038 Dimensions for the antenna can be found in Table 1 and the gerbers for the antenna design are also available for 868/915 MHz [3] 3.2 Antenna Match Network There are several ways to tune an antenna to achieve better performance. For resonant antennas the main factor is the length. Ideally the frequency which gives least reflection should be in the middle of the frequency band of interest. Thus if the resonance frequency is too low, the antenna should be made shorter. If the resonance frequency is too high, the antenna length should be increased. Even if the antenna resonates at the correct frequency it might not be well matched to the correct impedance. Size of ground plane, distance from antenna to ground plane, dimensions of antenna elements, feed point and plastic casing are factors that can affect the impedance. Since the impedance will change depending on several parameters; with a pi-network as illustrated in Figure 4, the antenna match can always be restored to a 50 ohm match. Only two of the components (ANT2 + (ANT1 or ANT3) ) are required to match the impedance to 50 ohm depending on the start impedance. For the PCB helical antenna at 868 / 915 MHz, only ANT2 and ANT3 are required. Figure 4. Antenna Match Network SWRA416 Page 4 of 24 Design Note DN038 Figure 5. Start Impedance with 0-ohm (ANT2) Resistor in Antenna Match The impedance of the PCB helical antenna is far from 50 ohm without the antenna matching network so the matching network acts as a load and matching network for the antenna. The impedance of the antenna can be seen in Figure 5 when ANT2 is set to 0 ohm. Figure 6 shows the theoretical load and match to at 868 MHz. The Smith diagram shows a shunt component of 11.4 nH (ANT3) and a series capacitor of 1.0 pF (ANT2). ANT1 component is not required and can be left open. 11.4 nH value does not exist so a 12 nH is used instead. SWRA416 Page 5 of 24 Design Note DN038 Figure 6. Theoretical Antenna Match Assembling ANT2 (1.0 pF) and ANT3 (12 nH) based on the theoretical calculated match, then the impedance can be re-measured and a good match is measured and can be seen in Figure 7. Figure 7. With Antenna Match Components - ANT2: 1.0 pF and ANT3: 12 nH SWRA416 Page 6 of 24 Design Note DN038 3.3 Antenna Bandwidth Measurement Figure 8. Bandwidth Measurement at VSWR 2 As can be seen from Figure 8, the bandwidth is 40 MHz with a VSWR 2 and 68 MHz with a VSWR 3. 3.4 Antenna OTA Measurement The conducted output power from the radio is 0 dBm and the results shown in section 3.4.1 show the performance of the antenna of the CC110L EM 868 / 915 MHz on the TRXEB platform. 3.4.1 868 MHz OTA Measurement Summary Total Radiated Power Peak EIRP Directivity Efficiency Efficiency Gain NHPRP 45° NHPRP 45° / TRP NHPRP 45° / TRP NHPRP 30° NHPRP 30° / TRP NHPRP 30° / TRP NHPRP 22.5° NHPRP 22.5° / TRP NHPRP 22.5° / TRP UHRP UHRP / TRP UHRP / TRP -1.83 dBm 2.33 dBm 4.16 dBi -1.83 dB 65.55 % 2.33 dBi -4.06 dBm -2.23 dB 59.86 % -5.89 dBm -4.05 dB 39.32 % -7.26 dBm -5.42 dB 28.69 % -4.91 dBm -3.07 dB 49.28 % SWRA416 Page 7 of 24 Design Note DN038 LHRP LHRP / TRP LHRP / TRP Front/Back Ratio PhiBW PhiBW Up PhiBW Down ThetaBW ThetaBW Up ThetaBW Down Boresight Phi Boresight Theta Maximum Power Minimum Power Average Power Max/Min Ratio Max/Avg Ratio Min/Avg Ratio Best Single Value Best Position -4.78 dBm -2.95 dB 50.72 % 2.52 332.2 deg 238.7 deg 93.4 deg 82.9 deg 46.3 deg 36.6 deg 90 deg 15 deg 2.33 dBm -12.00 dBm -0.91 dBm 14.33 dB 3.24 dB -11.10 dB 1.11 dBm Phi = 45 deg; Theta = 165 deg; Pol = Ver For the full CTIA report including 3D radiated plots at 868 MHz please refer to section 7.1. The antenna was also measured at 915 MHz to show the performance degradation whilst keeping the same matching network at 868 MHz; this is shown in section 7.2. For optimum performance at 915 MHz, the antenna needs to be re-matched at this frequency. For the Over-The-Air (OTA) Measurements performed in the chamber, please refer to Figure 9 for coordinate correlation to the CTIA reports. Figure 9. Coordinates Correlation to CTIA OTA Reports SWRA416 Page 8 of 24 Design Note DN038 4 Conclusion When a large PCB area (38 mm x 24 mm) is available for the antenna then the recommended antenna is DN024 [1] since the impedance is closer to 50 ohm without any external matching components (868 MHz: 30+j11; VSWR 1.8) and the bandwidth is around 90 MHz. When there is a need for a more compact antenna then the miniature PCB helical antenna is ideal (19 mm x 11 mm) with approximately quarter of the DN024 antenna size [1] but requires matching components since the impedance is far from 50 ohms (868 MHz: 10-j88; VSWR 22). It is important to match this antenna since the match network is also used for loading the antenna to 868 MHz or 915 / 920 MHz. When the miniature helical antenna is matched then the bandwidth is around 40 MHz and has similar efficiency as DN024 [1] antenna when measured on the TRXEB platform. A single match network can be used for 868 MHz and 915 / 920 MHz but due to the reduce bandwidth compared to DN024 antenna [1] then there will be some degradation in performance. For the antenna matching network components it is recommended to use tight tolerance components. Optimal antenna match for the CC110L EM 868 / 915 MHz reference design [3] is a series 1.0 pF capacitor (ANT2) and a shunt inductor of 12 nH (ANT3) for 868 MHz operation. The PCB board thickness for the CC110L EM 868 / 915 MHz reference design [3] is 0.8 mm. The same match has been tested at 1.24 mm thick PCB and the performance was still good but generally if the PCB thickness is changed then the antenna match should be re-calculated. SWRA416 Page 9 of 24 Design Note DN038 5 References [1] DN024 Monopole PCB Antenna (DN024) [2] DN035 Antenna Quick Selection Guide (DN035) [3] CC11xL EM 868/915 MHz Ref Design (swrr082) [4] AN058 Antenna Measurement with Network Analyzer (AN058) 6 6.1 General Information Document History Revision Date Description/Changes SWRA416 2012.11.27 Initial release. SWRA416 Page 10 of 24 Design Note DN038 7 Appendices 7.1 7.1.1 CTIA OTA Report – 868 MHz (Antenna matched at 868 MHz) OTA Evaluation Results Total Radiated Power Peak EIRP Directivity Efficiency Efficiency Gain NHPRP 45° NHPRP 45° / TRP NHPRP 45° / TRP NHPRP 30° NHPRP 30° / TRP NHPRP 30° / TRP NHPRP 22.5° NHPRP 22.5° / TRP NHPRP 22.5° / TRP UHRP UHRP / TRP UHRP / TRP LHRP LHRP / TRP LHRP / TRP Front/Back Ratio PhiBW PhiBW Up PhiBW Down ThetaBW ThetaBW Up ThetaBW Down Boresight Phi Boresight Theta Maximum Power Minimum Power Average Power Max/Min Ratio Max/Avg Ratio Min/Avg Ratio Best Single Value Best Position -1.83 dBm 2.33 dBm 4.16 dBi -1.83 dB 65.55 % 2.33 dBi -4.06 dBm -2.23 dB 59.86 % -5.89 dBm -4.05 dB 39.32 % -7.26 dBm -5.42 dB 28.69 % -4.91 dBm -3.07 dB 49.28 % -4.78 dBm -2.95 dB 50.72 % 2.52 332.2 deg 238.7 deg 93.4 deg 82.9 deg 46.3 deg 36.6 deg 90 deg 15 deg 2.33 dBm -12.00 dBm -0.91 dBm 14.33 dB 3.24 dB -11.10 dB 1.11 dBm Phi = 45 deg; Theta = 165 deg; Pol = Ver SWRA416 Page 11 of 24 Design Note DN038 7.1.2 RP_868.000_tot Azimuth (deg) 0.00 15.00 30.00 45.00 60.00 75.00 90.00 105.00 120.00 135.00 150.00 165.00 180.00 195.00 210.00 225.00 240.00 255.00 270.00 285.00 300.00 315.00 330.00 345.00 360.00 Azimuth (deg) 0.00 15.00 30.00 45.00 60.00 75.00 90.00 105.00 120.00 135.00 150.00 165.00 180.00 195.00 210.00 225.00 240.00 255.00 270.00 285.00 300.00 315.00 330.00 345.00 360.00 Elevation 0 deg (dB) 0.02 -0.04 0.08 0.46 0.63 1.19 1.12 1.37 1.47 1.20 1.04 1.04 0.96 0.80 0.91 0.71 0.88 0.85 0.98 0.94 0.86 0.85 0.45 0.33 -0.35 Elevation 15 deg (dB) -0.55 -0.48 0.04 0.80 1.34 1.85 2.33 2.21 1.92 1.25 0.65 0.25 0.14 0.15 0.58 0.70 0.77 0.76 0.64 0.29 0.09 -0.23 -0.71 -1.06 -0.55 Elevation 30 deg (dB) -1.69 -0.80 0.05 0.81 1.42 1.99 2.00 1.97 1.68 1.22 0.65 0.64 0.33 0.24 -0.06 -0.32 -0.90 -1.59 -2.34 -3.49 -3.82 -3.65 -3.37 -2.72 -2.02 Elevation 45 deg (dB) -3.23 -2.29 -0.56 0.59 1.60 1.78 1.95 1.65 0.57 -0.69 -1.58 -2.14 -2.17 -2.14 -2.21 -2.75 -3.48 -4.90 -6.81 -8.36 -8.52 -7.17 -5.39 -4.77 -3.50 Elevation 60 deg (dB) -2.91 -1.12 0.06 0.92 1.02 0.57 -0.58 -1.54 -2.67 -3.29 -3.26 -3.25 -2.97 -2.70 -3.18 -3.63 -4.99 -6.85 -7.89 -7.48 -6.04 -5.33 -4.28 -3.70 -3.23 Elevation 120 deg (dB) -0.76 -1.03 -0.65 0.19 0.15 -0.60 -1.84 -3.63 -4.61 -3.93 -2.76 -1.84 -1.28 -0.87 -0.70 -1.46 -2.37 -3.54 -4.36 -4.49 -3.36 -1.91 -0.78 -0.13 -0.81 Elevation 135 deg (dB) -2.14 -1.52 -0.91 -0.33 0.13 -0.27 -0.98 -1.76 -2.51 -2.41 -2.06 -1.90 -1.51 -1.60 -1.57 -1.79 -1.91 -1.96 -2.45 -2.45 -2.34 -2.28 -2.28 -2.07 -2.13 Elevation 150 deg (dB) 0.37 1.09 1.35 1.21 0.65 -0.24 -1.34 -2.10 -2.33 -1.83 -0.94 -0.46 -0.15 -0.32 -0.80 -1.02 -0.86 -1.24 -1.54 -1.31 -1.29 -0.73 -0.43 0.01 0.39 Elevation 165 deg (dB) 1.33 1.31 1.53 1.31 0.89 0.79 0.26 0.20 -0.20 -0.29 -0.06 0.21 0.31 0.54 0.21 0.08 -0.10 -0.10 -0.19 -0.31 -0.15 -0.03 0.37 0.66 1.19 Elevation 180 deg (dB) 0.87 0.85 0.76 0.45 0.17 -0.10 -0.26 -0.06 0.09 0.70 1.32 1.81 1.98 1.65 1.33 0.61 -0.01 -0.56 -0.61 -0.74 -0.50 -0.03 0.43 0.69 0.52 SWRA416 Elevation 75 deg (dB) -2.06 -0.76 0.48 0.74 0.60 -0.25 -1.64 -3.80 -6.03 -6.70 -5.29 -3.79 -2.32 -1.86 -1.65 -2.49 -3.50 -5.37 -7.40 -8.68 -8.61 -7.12 -7.11 -5.69 -2.91 Elevation 90 deg (dB) -1.31 -0.52 -1.00 -1.25 -2.04 -2.81 -4.64 -7.33 -11.79 -12.00 -7.51 -4.77 -2.90 -2.48 -2.80 -4.01 -5.53 -7.83 -9.26 -11.38 -9.86 -8.26 -5.75 -3.32 -1.78 Elevation 105 deg (dB) -0.58 -1.20 -1.71 -1.39 -1.20 -1.24 -2.42 -4.84 -6.83 -7.10 -5.75 -3.39 -1.64 -0.39 -0.09 -0.41 -1.75 -3.27 -5.09 -7.19 -6.42 -4.34 -2.38 -1.22 -0.68 Page 12 of 24 Design Note DN038 7.1.3 RP_868.000_hor Azimuth (deg) 0.0 15.0 30.0 45.0 60.0 75.0 90.0 105.0 120.0 135.0 150.0 165.0 180.0 195.0 210.0 225.0 240.0 255.0 270.0 285.0 300.0 315.0 330.0 345.0 360.0 Azimuth (deg) 0.0 15.0 30.0 45.0 60.0 75.0 90.0 105.0 120.0 135.0 150.0 165.0 180.0 195.0 210.0 225.0 240.0 255.0 270.0 285.0 300.0 315.0 330.0 345.0 360.0 Elevation 0 deg (dB) -4.16 -6.76 -10.53 -9.41 -6.02 -3.19 -1.25 0.14 0.94 0.90 0.47 -0.60 -2.38 -5.40 -8.54 -10.51 -7.07 -3.64 -1.81 -0.68 -0.07 0.20 -0.69 -1.68 -3.92 Elevation 15 deg (dB) -5.12 -7.78 -9.87 -7.61 -5.10 -2.47 -0.48 0.57 1.07 0.81 0.01 -1.40 -4.03 -8.08 -13.22 -10.14 -6.29 -3.82 -2.37 -1.63 -1.38 -1.52 -2.21 -3.39 -4.37 Elevation 30 deg (dB) -6.99 -8.26 -9.14 -9.08 -6.47 -3.22 -1.14 0.09 0.66 0.68 -0.31 -1.56 -3.98 -7.44 -11.98 -15.98 -11.62 -8.03 -5.92 -5.86 -5.66 -5.28 -5.85 -6.33 -6.90 Elevation 45 deg (dB) -9.59 -11.23 -13.25 -11.76 -7.35 -4.56 -2.24 -1.25 -1.17 -1.62 -2.79 -4.71 -7.25 -11.65 -17.44 -21.30 -14.77 -13.01 -12.33 -11.25 -11.20 -10.46 -9.82 -9.63 -9.18 Elevation 60 deg (dB) -12.40 -15.26 -16.86 -11.68 -9.39 -7.23 -6.06 -4.56 -4.13 -4.06 -4.71 -6.59 -9.81 -14.07 -18.71 -17.17 -14.74 -13.77 -12.56 -12.19 -11.60 -11.06 -9.10 -9.44 -11.27 Elevation 120 deg (dB) -5.95 -7.74 -10.02 -12.26 -14.37 -13.44 -10.31 -7.97 -6.03 -4.71 -4.53 -5.42 -7.81 -12.81 -22.70 -13.82 -10.53 -7.85 -6.50 -5.38 -4.58 -3.94 -3.52 -3.98 -5.47 Elevation 135 deg (dB) -5.72 -6.58 -8.42 -9.58 -9.62 -8.08 -5.75 -3.99 -3.09 -2.49 -2.69 -3.82 -5.62 -9.68 -19.50 -15.45 -9.04 -5.76 -4.35 -3.44 -3.04 -3.32 -3.77 -4.29 -5.69 Elevation 150 deg (dB) -2.33 -3.13 -4.56 -7.20 -9.34 -9.03 -6.02 -3.94 -2.63 -2.09 -2.01 -2.99 -4.68 -7.88 -13.80 -18.70 -9.58 -5.83 -3.44 -2.22 -1.52 -0.94 -0.98 -1.31 -1.82 Elevation 165 deg (dB) -2.15 -4.16 -7.56 -12.25 -11.88 -6.38 -3.44 -1.46 -0.64 -0.34 -0.66 -1.59 -3.52 -6.24 -12.67 -17.43 -9.64 -5.25 -2.53 -1.26 -0.40 -0.13 -0.19 -0.86 -1.64 Elevation 180 deg (dB) -3.58 -6.26 -9.99 -16.62 -10.12 -5.53 -2.83 -0.98 -0.05 0.57 0.58 0.11 -1.09 -3.56 -7.29 -17.19 -13.11 -6.89 -3.42 -1.56 -0.61 -0.27 -0.57 -1.50 -3.33 SWRA416 Elevation 75 deg (dB) -18.01 -12.98 -10.46 -9.79 -9.50 -10.27 -10.02 -9.49 -8.71 -8.04 -8.16 -8.59 -10.30 -11.99 -14.46 -17.02 -20.18 -22.70 -22.70 -22.70 -21.61 -18.27 -16.50 -22.62 -22.70 Elevation 90 deg (dB) -10.47 -9.90 -11.90 -14.69 -18.97 -19.30 -16.55 -14.42 -15.05 -17.48 -19.20 -16.45 -14.79 -15.21 -15.42 -17.49 -22.70 -21.66 -18.08 -17.50 -17.27 -18.37 -16.84 -13.44 -10.75 Elevation 105 deg (dB) -6.31 -8.02 -10.38 -11.82 -11.68 -11.80 -11.80 -10.88 -10.39 -10.19 -11.48 -14.01 -19.31 -16.76 -14.48 -12.57 -12.50 -10.78 -9.96 -9.78 -8.39 -6.73 -5.62 -5.71 -6.34 Page 13 of 24 Design Note DN038 7.1.4 RP_868.000_ver Azimuth (deg) 0.0 15.0 30.0 45.0 60.0 75.0 90.0 105.0 120.0 135.0 150.0 165.0 180.0 195.0 210.0 225.0 240.0 255.0 270.0 285.0 300.0 315.0 330.0 345.0 360.0 Azimuth (deg) 0.0 15.0 30.0 45.0 60.0 75.0 90.0 105.0 120.0 135.0 150.0 165.0 180.0 195.0 210.0 225.0 240.0 255.0 270.0 285.0 300.0 315.0 330.0 345.0 360.0 Elevation 0 deg (dB) -2.07 -1.08 -0.31 -0.01 -0.43 -0.79 -2.65 -4.69 -7.89 -10.56 -8.05 -3.97 -1.75 -0.40 0.39 0.37 0.13 -1.05 -2.25 -4.12 -6.30 -7.73 -5.93 -3.99 -2.86 Elevation 15 deg (dB) -2.41 -1.37 -0.42 0.13 0.23 -0.15 -0.89 -2.82 -5.58 -8.91 -7.96 -4.75 -1.96 -0.56 0.40 0.33 -0.18 -1.10 -2.38 -4.18 -5.33 -6.12 -6.05 -4.87 -2.89 Elevation 30 deg (dB) -3.21 -1.66 -0.50 0.34 0.65 0.43 -0.88 -2.57 -5.11 -8.10 -6.38 -3.38 -1.68 -0.57 -0.34 -0.44 -1.28 -2.71 -4.84 -7.26 -8.44 -8.69 -6.98 -5.20 -3.72 Elevation 45 deg (dB) -4.37 -2.88 -0.80 0.33 1.01 0.64 -0.14 -1.48 -4.24 -7.86 -7.71 -5.63 -3.79 -2.65 -2.34 -2.81 -3.81 -5.63 -8.24 -11.49 -11.90 -9.93 -7.33 -6.49 -4.86 Elevation 60 deg (dB) -3.42 -1.29 -0.03 0.67 0.60 -0.22 -2.03 -4.53 -8.11 -11.18 -8.71 -5.94 -3.98 -3.02 -3.31 -3.82 -5.47 -7.83 -9.71 -9.27 -7.46 -6.68 -6.02 -5.05 -3.97 Elevation 120 deg (dB) -2.33 -2.08 -1.18 -0.07 0.00 -0.83 -2.50 -5.62 -10.17 -11.78 -7.52 -4.34 -2.37 -1.16 -0.73 -1.72 -3.09 -5.54 -8.48 -11.83 -9.47 -6.20 -4.08 -2.44 -2.63 Elevation 135 deg (dB) -4.65 -3.14 -1.76 -0.88 -0.35 -1.06 -2.75 -5.74 -11.57 -19.62 -10.79 -6.37 -3.64 -2.34 -1.64 -1.98 -2.85 -4.30 -6.97 -9.34 -10.64 -9.01 -7.65 -6.05 -4.65 Elevation 150 deg (dB) -2.98 -0.98 0.07 0.53 0.19 -0.86 -3.15 -6.70 -14.09 -14.19 -7.55 -3.99 -2.04 -1.16 -1.03 -1.10 -1.48 -3.10 -6.05 -8.55 -14.24 -14.06 -9.69 -5.79 -3.61 Elevation 165 deg (dB) -1.26 -0.14 0.96 1.11 0.65 -0.13 -2.16 -4.78 -10.39 -19.71 -8.95 -4.48 -2.01 -0.48 -0.02 0.00 -0.61 -1.68 -3.99 -7.35 -12.74 -16.80 -8.78 -4.63 -2.01 Elevation 180 deg (dB) -1.05 -0.09 0.38 0.36 -0.26 -1.56 -3.75 -7.27 -14.67 -14.33 -6.75 -3.10 -0.97 0.09 0.69 0.54 -0.23 -1.72 -3.83 -8.40 -16.57 -12.83 -6.44 -3.33 -1.79 SWRA416 Elevation 75 deg (dB) -2.18 -1.03 0.11 0.33 0.15 -0.70 -2.32 -5.17 -9.39 -12.47 -8.45 -5.54 -3.07 -2.30 -1.89 -2.65 -3.59 -5.45 -7.53 -8.86 -8.84 -7.46 -7.64 -5.78 -2.96 Elevation 90 deg (dB) -1.87 -1.05 -1.36 -1.45 -2.13 -2.91 -4.93 -8.28 -14.56 -13.45 -7.81 -5.08 -3.20 -2.72 -3.05 -4.21 -5.62 -8.01 -9.87 -12.59 -10.73 -8.70 -6.10 -3.77 -2.36 Elevation 105 deg (dB) -1.93 -2.21 -2.35 -1.81 -1.60 -1.64 -2.95 -6.08 -9.35 -10.04 -7.10 -3.79 -1.72 -0.49 -0.25 -0.68 -2.13 -4.12 -6.81 -10.67 -10.81 -8.08 -5.17 -3.13 -2.05 Page 14 of 24 Design Note DN038 7.1.5 Theta = 0, Phi = 0 7.1.6 Theta = 180, Phi = 0 SWRA416 Page 15 of 24 Design Note DN038 7.1.7 Theta = 90, Phi = 0 7.1.8 Theta = 90, Phi = 180 SWRA416 Page 16 of 24 Design Note DN038 7.1.9 Theta = 90, Phi = 270 7.1.10 Theta = 90, Phi = 90 SWRA416 Page 17 of 24 Design Note DN038 7.2 7.2.1 CTIA OTA Report – 915 MHz (Antenna matched at 868 MHz) OTA Evaluation Results: Total Radiated Power Peak EIRP Directivity Efficiency Efficiency Gain NHPRP 45° NHPRP 45° / TRP NHPRP 45° / TRP NHPRP 30° NHPRP 30° / TRP NHPRP 30° / TRP NHPRP 22.5° NHPRP 22.5° / TRP NHPRP 22.5° / TRP UHRP UHRP / TRP UHRP / TRP LHRP LHRP / TRP LHRP / TRP Front/Back Ratio PhiBW PhiBW Up PhiBW Down ThetaBW ThetaBW Up ThetaBW Down Boresight Phi Boresight Theta Maximum Power Minimum Power Average Power Max/Min Ratio Max/Avg Ratio Min/Avg Ratio Best Single Value Best Position -3.35 dBm 0.01 dBm 3.37 dBi -3.35 dB 46.20 % 0.01 dBi -5.54 dBm -2.19 dB 60.42 % -7.39 dBm -4.04 dB 39.49 % -8.72 dBm -5.37 dB 29.05 % -6.28 dBm -2.92 dB 51.01 % -6.45 dBm -3.10 dB 48.99 % 4.40 85.3 deg 40.5 deg 44.8 deg 272.4 deg 118.8 deg 153.5 deg 210 deg 105 deg 0.01 dBm -15.33 dBm -2.61 dBm 15.34 dB 2.62 dB -12.72 dB -0.16 dBm Phi = 210 deg; Theta = 105 deg; Pol = Ver SWRA416 Page 18 of 24 Design Note DN038 7.2.2 RP_915.000_tot Azimuth (deg) 0.00 15.00 30.00 45.00 60.00 75.00 90.00 105.00 120.00 135.00 150.00 165.00 180.00 195.00 210.00 225.00 240.00 255.00 270.00 285.00 300.00 315.00 330.00 345.00 360.00 Azimuth (deg) 0.00 15.00 30.00 45.00 60.00 75.00 90.00 105.00 120.00 135.00 150.00 165.00 180.00 195.00 210.00 225.00 240.00 255.00 270.00 285.00 300.00 315.00 330.00 345.00 360.00 Elevation 0 deg (dB) -1.09 -1.29 -1.24 -1.31 -1.51 -1.54 -1.87 -2.24 -2.37 -2.45 -2.33 -2.26 -2.32 -2.03 -2.26 -2.05 -1.78 -1.57 -1.39 -1.20 -1.31 -1.24 -1.15 -1.10 -1.38 Elevation 15 deg (dB) -2.11 -2.11 -1.80 -1.26 -1.20 -1.00 -0.83 -0.90 -1.11 -1.41 -1.40 -1.45 -1.49 -1.42 -1.42 -1.12 -1.42 -1.43 -1.80 -2.25 -2.55 -2.58 -2.71 -2.81 -2.29 Elevation 30 deg (dB) -2.67 -2.21 -1.61 -1.82 -1.54 -1.76 -1.77 -1.61 -1.05 -0.56 -0.26 -0.19 -0.07 -0.32 -0.66 -0.87 -1.48 -2.17 -2.71 -3.41 -3.62 -3.72 -3.40 -3.10 -2.77 Elevation 45 deg (dB) -3.21 -3.23 -2.63 -1.96 -1.21 -0.66 -0.65 -0.77 -1.20 -1.38 -1.33 -1.42 -1.35 -1.41 -1.46 -1.87 -2.69 -3.49 -4.99 -5.66 -6.05 -5.53 -4.94 -3.94 -3.35 Elevation 60 deg (dB) -6.21 -5.40 -4.14 -2.98 -2.09 -1.73 -2.03 -3.02 -3.40 -3.29 -2.57 -1.81 -1.47 -1.75 -2.13 -2.80 -4.50 -6.35 -8.18 -8.97 -8.69 -8.54 -7.90 -7.34 -6.74 Elevation 120 deg (dB) -5.15 -4.56 -3.45 -2.44 -2.04 -2.64 -4.14 -6.22 -7.19 -6.89 -4.91 -3.36 -2.42 -1.81 -1.81 -2.13 -2.58 -3.76 -4.80 -5.12 -5.04 -4.92 -5.22 -4.90 -5.13 Elevation 135 deg (dB) -5.17 -4.45 -3.11 -2.29 -1.92 -2.14 -2.87 -3.71 -4.78 -4.75 -3.95 -3.28 -2.48 -1.96 -1.70 -1.54 -1.75 -2.01 -2.81 -3.09 -3.96 -5.05 -5.78 -5.78 -5.74 Elevation 150 deg (dB) -2.23 -1.75 -1.54 -1.76 -2.02 -2.55 -3.26 -3.98 -3.75 -3.15 -2.43 -1.93 -1.59 -1.28 -1.38 -1.56 -1.79 -1.93 -2.21 -2.20 -2.32 -2.38 -2.28 -2.04 -2.02 Elevation 165 deg (dB) -1.10 -1.39 -1.38 -1.13 -0.96 -0.81 -0.70 -0.75 -0.77 -1.25 -1.63 -1.67 -1.61 -1.73 -1.55 -1.31 -1.48 -1.42 -1.57 -1.42 -1.31 -1.27 -1.05 -1.25 -1.06 Elevation 180 deg (dB) -0.45 -0.59 -0.69 -0.99 -1.10 -0.81 -1.11 -0.80 -0.72 -0.56 -0.45 -0.69 -0.88 -1.25 -1.69 -1.87 -2.12 -1.93 -2.17 -1.65 -1.05 -0.53 -0.20 -0.09 -0.52 SWRA416 Elevation 75 deg (dB) -7.46 -5.93 -4.38 -3.29 -2.39 -2.82 -3.90 -5.23 -6.89 -6.70 -4.63 -2.49 -1.17 -0.68 -1.04 -1.70 -3.24 -4.76 -6.66 -8.81 -10.09 -10.57 -10.23 -9.36 -8.00 Elevation 90 deg (dB) -7.02 -5.16 -3.52 -2.76 -2.36 -2.75 -4.55 -7.19 -12.40 -13.49 -8.31 -4.92 -2.67 -1.96 -2.35 -3.32 -5.18 -7.75 -11.21 -14.00 -15.33 -14.59 -11.90 -9.25 -7.42 Elevation 105 deg (dB) -6.05 -5.56 -4.43 -3.39 -2.48 -2.86 -4.72 -8.17 -13.73 -10.32 -5.78 -3.01 -1.34 -0.23 0.01 -0.52 -1.64 -3.56 -5.51 -7.68 -8.97 -8.42 -7.50 -6.90 -6.26 Page 19 of 24 Design Note DN038 7.2.3 RP_915.000_hor Azimuth (deg) 0.0 15.0 30.0 45.0 60.0 75.0 90.0 105.0 120.0 135.0 150.0 165.0 180.0 195.0 210.0 225.0 240.0 255.0 270.0 285.0 300.0 315.0 330.0 345.0 360.0 Azimuth (deg) 0.0 15.0 30.0 45.0 60.0 75.0 90.0 105.0 120.0 135.0 150.0 165.0 180.0 195.0 210.0 225.0 240.0 255.0 270.0 285.0 300.0 315.0 330.0 345.0 360.0 Elevation 0 deg (dB) -5.94 -8.64 -11.34 -11.19 -8.60 -6.50 -4.42 -3.65 -3.18 -3.10 -3.61 -4.67 -6.61 -9.20 -12.09 -10.64 -7.46 -5.09 -3.52 -2.42 -2.25 -2.33 -2.91 -4.08 -5.87 Elevation 15 deg (dB) -7.73 -9.66 -11.09 -11.23 -8.44 -5.78 -3.56 -2.28 -1.78 -1.95 -2.64 -4.38 -6.61 -10.13 -12.92 -10.41 -7.71 -5.60 -4.57 -4.04 -3.96 -4.21 -5.02 -6.32 -7.16 Elevation 30 deg (dB) -8.14 -9.28 -11.32 -13.18 -10.43 -7.36 -4.41 -2.67 -1.58 -1.46 -2.15 -3.69 -6.08 -8.91 -11.64 -10.31 -8.14 -6.74 -5.73 -5.57 -5.62 -6.13 -6.69 -7.02 -7.91 Elevation 45 deg (dB) -7.43 -9.11 -10.70 -10.66 -8.20 -5.27 -3.41 -2.26 -1.94 -2.14 -3.11 -5.38 -8.28 -11.62 -11.30 -10.59 -9.35 -8.56 -8.61 -8.01 -8.46 -8.28 -8.06 -7.48 -6.99 Elevation 60 deg (dB) -11.86 -13.79 -16.72 -14.84 -11.28 -8.07 -5.76 -5.02 -4.05 -3.88 -4.43 -5.90 -8.49 -11.75 -14.18 -14.40 -14.35 -14.72 -14.80 -14.86 -14.28 -13.69 -12.50 -11.70 -11.67 Elevation 120 deg (dB) -10.25 -12.10 -13.54 -15.14 -15.91 -16.34 -13.65 -10.47 -8.50 -8.49 -8.58 -9.88 -12.47 -18.10 -16.44 -10.94 -8.60 -7.11 -6.38 -5.92 -5.75 -6.00 -6.98 -7.68 -9.74 Elevation 135 deg (dB) -10.26 -10.81 -10.83 -11.47 -11.56 -9.84 -7.55 -5.91 -5.14 -5.00 -5.64 -7.56 -10.42 -15.90 -18.39 -11.95 -7.67 -5.73 -4.95 -4.27 -4.75 -6.03 -7.32 -8.73 -10.81 Elevation 150 deg (dB) -5.37 -6.04 -8.16 -11.00 -12.65 -10.26 -6.87 -5.28 -3.91 -3.73 -4.63 -6.12 -9.03 -13.95 -15.79 -10.92 -7.32 -4.94 -3.43 -2.61 -2.50 -2.78 -3.13 -3.81 -4.79 Elevation 165 deg (dB) -5.43 -8.45 -12.64 -12.96 -8.18 -5.17 -2.91 -1.75 -1.03 -1.42 -2.56 -4.13 -6.54 -10.81 -12.95 -9.39 -6.68 -4.25 -2.85 -1.78 -1.40 -1.58 -2.10 -3.30 -4.58 Elevation 180 deg (dB) -5.89 -8.80 -13.95 -12.58 -7.78 -4.36 -2.71 -1.43 -0.85 -0.76 -1.34 -2.50 -4.49 -7.72 -12.09 -13.28 -8.84 -5.23 -3.51 -1.97 -1.17 -1.06 -1.52 -2.78 -4.95 SWRA416 Elevation 75 deg (dB) -17.06 -17.09 -17.39 -15.17 -12.36 -12.08 -10.82 -9.19 -7.93 -7.37 -7.74 -8.34 -9.48 -11.60 -14.35 -15.25 -18.25 -20.89 -21.74 -20.89 -22.09 -21.93 -21.43 -17.58 -17.16 Elevation 90 deg (dB) -13.93 -13.79 -13.19 -13.74 -14.86 -15.99 -17.80 -16.46 -16.27 -15.70 -15.07 -14.86 -13.82 -14.53 -14.23 -16.41 -17.74 -22.62 -24.22 -23.74 -21.88 -21.81 -17.15 -14.45 -13.44 Elevation 105 deg (dB) -12.37 -13.93 -16.91 -16.93 -15.84 -14.05 -13.93 -14.61 -14.53 -14.36 -14.98 -17.32 -24.22 -18.21 -14.21 -12.86 -11.80 -11.90 -11.33 -11.91 -11.37 -10.50 -10.06 -10.65 -11.62 Page 20 of 24 Design Note DN038 7.2.4 RP_915.000_ver Azimuth (deg) 0.0 15.0 30.0 45.0 60.0 75.0 90.0 105.0 120.0 135.0 150.0 165.0 180.0 195.0 210.0 225.0 240.0 255.0 270.0 285.0 300.0 315.0 330.0 345.0 360.0 Azimuth (deg) 0.0 15.0 30.0 45.0 60.0 75.0 90.0 105.0 120.0 135.0 150.0 165.0 180.0 195.0 210.0 225.0 240.0 255.0 270.0 285.0 300.0 315.0 330.0 345.0 360.0 Elevation 0 deg (dB) -2.81 -2.17 -1.68 -1.78 -2.45 -3.21 -5.40 -7.81 -10.07 -11.00 -8.28 -5.98 -4.35 -2.95 -2.73 -2.70 -3.15 -4.12 -5.49 -7.31 -8.43 -7.78 -5.94 -4.13 -3.28 Elevation 15 deg (dB) -3.50 -2.96 -2.34 -1.72 -2.11 -2.76 -4.13 -6.56 -9.59 -10.72 -7.43 -4.56 -3.09 -2.05 -1.74 -1.67 -2.58 -3.54 -5.07 -6.97 -8.13 -7.63 -6.55 -5.38 -4.00 Elevation 30 deg (dB) -4.12 -3.16 -2.10 -2.15 -2.14 -3.16 -5.19 -8.26 -10.38 -7.86 -4.78 -2.76 -1.33 -0.97 -1.02 -1.40 -2.53 -4.04 -5.72 -7.49 -7.93 -7.43 -6.16 -5.36 -4.35 Elevation 45 deg (dB) -5.27 -4.53 -3.37 -2.59 -2.17 -2.50 -3.92 -6.14 -9.27 -9.28 -6.06 -3.65 -2.33 -1.84 -1.93 -2.50 -3.74 -5.11 -7.46 -9.45 -9.77 -8.81 -7.85 -6.47 -5.81 Elevation 60 deg (dB) -7.59 -6.08 -4.39 -3.27 -2.64 -2.87 -4.42 -7.36 -11.95 -12.26 -7.16 -3.95 -2.43 -2.21 -2.41 -3.11 -4.98 -7.03 -9.25 -10.26 -10.09 -10.12 -9.75 -9.32 -8.43 Elevation 120 deg (dB) -6.75 -5.40 -3.90 -2.68 -2.22 -2.83 -4.65 -8.26 -13.01 -11.99 -7.34 -4.46 -2.87 -1.91 -1.97 -2.75 -3.83 -6.45 -9.94 -12.83 -13.25 -11.50 -9.98 -8.15 -6.98 Elevation 135 deg (dB) -6.77 -5.59 -3.92 -2.85 -2.42 -2.94 -4.68 -7.73 -15.76 -17.34 -8.86 -5.32 -3.24 -2.14 -1.79 -1.95 -3.04 -4.41 -6.92 -9.34 -11.78 -12.01 -11.03 -8.85 -7.36 Elevation 150 deg (dB) -5.12 -3.77 -2.60 -2.31 -2.41 -3.36 -5.75 -9.83 -18.06 -12.18 -6.43 -4.01 -2.45 -1.52 -1.55 -2.10 -3.21 -4.95 -8.35 -12.66 -16.18 -12.94 -9.77 -6.79 -5.28 Elevation 165 deg (dB) -3.09 -2.34 -1.72 -1.42 -1.88 -2.79 -4.68 -7.61 -12.98 -15.57 -8.79 -5.31 -3.29 -2.30 -1.88 -2.05 -3.05 -4.62 -7.51 -12.43 -18.26 -12.92 -7.72 -5.49 -3.62 Elevation 180 deg (dB) -1.91 -1.30 -0.90 -1.30 -2.15 -3.34 -6.21 -9.45 -16.31 -13.97 -7.76 -5.37 -3.36 -2.36 -2.11 -2.20 -3.16 -4.66 -7.93 -13.22 -16.54 -9.96 -6.00 -3.44 -2.46 SWRA416 Elevation 75 deg (dB) -7.96 -6.28 -4.61 -3.58 -2.85 -3.37 -4.89 -7.46 -13.64 -15.16 -7.54 -3.80 -1.86 -1.05 -1.24 -1.89 -3.38 -4.86 -6.79 -9.08 -10.37 -10.90 -10.57 -10.06 -8.56 Elevation 90 deg (dB) -8.01 -5.80 -4.01 -3.12 -2.62 -2.96 -4.76 -7.74 -14.70 -17.48 -9.33 -5.38 -3.01 -2.20 -2.64 -3.54 -5.43 -7.90 -11.43 -14.49 -16.41 -15.50 -13.44 -10.81 -8.67 Elevation 105 deg (dB) -7.20 -6.24 -4.68 -3.58 -2.69 -3.21 -5.28 -9.29 -21.45 -12.49 -6.34 -3.17 -1.36 -0.30 -0.16 -0.79 -2.08 -4.25 -6.83 -9.75 -12.69 -12.62 -11.03 -9.28 -7.76 Page 21 of 24 Design Note DN038 7.2.5 Theta = 0, Phi = 0 7.2.6 Theta = 180, Phi = 0 SWRA416 Page 22 of 24 Design Note DN038 7.2.7 Theta = 90, Phi = 0 7.2.8 Theta = 90, Phi = 180 SWRA416 Page 23 of 24 Design Note DN038 7.2.9 Theta = 90, Phi = 270 7.2.10 Theta = 90, Phi = 90 SWRA416 Page 24 of 24 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. 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File Type : PDF File Type Extension : pdf MIME Type : application/pdf PDF Version : 1.4 Linearized : No Page Mode : UseOutlines Page Count : 25 Modify Date : 2012:11:28 12:04:04-06:00 Producer : iText 2.1.7 by 1T3XT Keywords : REGULATIONS, FCC, ETSI, ARIB, JTI, SWRA416 Title : Miniature Helical PCB Antenna for 868 MHz or 915/920 MHz Author : Texas Instruments, Incorporated [SWRA416,*] Create Date : 2012:11:28 12:04:04-06:00 Creator : Microsoft® Office Word 2007 Subject : Application ReportsEXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools