923 00010 00_Time_Stamp_Module_Mar88 00 Time Stamp Module Mar88

User Manual: 923-00010-00_Time_Stamp_Module_Mar88

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Illlmlll
Applied
Microsystems
Corporation

Time Stamp Module
for ES 1800 Emulators:
User's Manual Addendum

rllmm~

1111111111

Applied
Microsystems
Corporation

Time Stamp Module
for ES 1800 Emulators:
User's Manual Addendum

PIN 923-00010-00
March 1988
Copyright © 1988 Applied Microsystems Corporation
All rights reserved.

SECTION 1
Table of Contents

Time Stamp Module

TIME STAMP MODULE
How To Use This Manual Addendum
Time Stamp Module Features
Possible Measurements
Using the Time Stamp Counter Value as a Condition •
Installation • • • • • •
Hardware Installation. •
Software Installation • •
Using the Time Stamp Module • •
Getting Started
Steps for Using the Time Stamp Module. •
Step 1: Set ESL Soft-Switch 9 • •
Step 2. Set Time Stamp Module Switch •
Step 3. Set Up TGR Input • • • • •
Step 4. Set up the Event Monitor System
Step 5. Run your Program • • • • • •
Step 6. View Time Stamp Information
Step 7. Interpret Time Stamp Information
Examples
• • • • • •
Measuring Elapsed Time
A to B Mode •
Range Mode
Interrupt Latency • •
Counting Occurrences
A to B Mode • • •
Range Mode
Using the Time Stamp Counter Value as a Condition •

1-1
1-1
1-1
1-1

1-3
1-4
1-4
1-5
1-6
1-6
1-8
1-8
1-9
1-11
1-11
1-12
1-12
1-12
1-14
1-14
1-15

1-17
1-20
1-23
1-23
1-26
1-28

Section 1

TIME STAMP MODULE

How To Use This Manual Addendum
This addendum describes what the Time Stamp Module does, and how to install
and use the module. Complete examples are provided for using the module to do
each possible type of measurement.

Time Stamp Module Features
The Time Stamp Module adds performance analysis to the ES 1800 Series
emulators for 16 bit microprocessors. You can use this module when you use your
ES 1800 in stand-alone mode. or from your host computer, using ES Driver control
software. There are two ways the module can be used:
1. To measure elapsed or absolute time.
2. To trigger the Event Monitor System to cause an action such as breaking
emulation once a time stamp counter value is reached.

Possible Measurements
There are eight distinct measurements that can be made using the Time Stamp
Module:
Elapsed Time Measurements

Measure time spent in a module

1-1

Time Stamp Module User's Manual Addendum

Measure time spent between modules

Measure duration of time when memory is accessed (opcode or data)

Measure duration of time when code is accessed (opcode only)

Measure interrupt response time directly

Count Occurrences
-

Count number of times address or range of memory is accessed (opcode or
data)

Count number of times code is accessed (opcode only)

Count module linkage activity (the number of times one module calls
another)

Each time measurement can be based on one of five scales: .1uS, IuS, .01mS,
.1mS or 1mS, so you can collect your data using the appropriate time scale. The
maximum number of counts for any time base is 65,535 so you have a maximum
period of 65 seconds without overflow.
Time can be measured on an absolute time frame, or on a relative time frame.
When you use the absolute time frame, the measurement is from when the counter
is reset When you use the relative time frame, the measurement is from one traced
cycle to the next traced cycle. For example, if you were measuring the elapsed
time for entering and exiting a module, the time displays would show as follows:

enter
exit
enter
exit
enter
exit

Absolute
3000
3005
3007
3012
3014
3019

Relative

3000t
5
2
5
2
5

t The first line on the relative trace screen shows the absolute count

1-2

Time Stamp Module

Using the Time Stamp Counter VaIue as a Condition
The ES 1800 Event Monitor System lets you specify complex program states,
using WHEN-THEN statements:

WHEN conditions THEN actions
You can use the absolute value of the time stamp counter as one condition. For
more details on using CTS, see the example on page 1-28.

1-3

Time Stamp Module User's Manual Addendum

Installation
Hardware Installation
The Time Stamp Module consists of the module and the cable to connect it to the
emulator.
There are three steps to hardware installation:
1. Turn the emulator off.
CAUTION

The ES 1800 emulator must be off before plugging in the Time
Stamp Module, or the cable and module may be damaged. Do not
plug in or unplug the Time Stamp Module with power turned on.

Connect the module to the LSA port on the front of the ES 1800 emulator as
shown in the following illustration. Note that you cannot use the Logic State
Analysis pod and the Time Stamp Module at the same time.
Figure 1-1. Connecting the Time Stamp Module to the ES 1800

1-4

Time Stamp Module

The Time Stamp Module requires a certain revision of ESL (the Emulator
Standard Language). To check your revision:
from stand-alone mode

Type REV from the ES 1800 prompt.

from ES Driver

Enter the Target Emulation menu, and type
REV from the ES 1800 prompt.

If you have an ESL equal to or greater than that shown in the chart below,
you can use your Time Stamp Module as is. If your ESL is below the
revision shown below, please contact your local sales office or
representative, or call the Order Administration department at 1-800-4263925 for information on upgrading your ESL revision.
Product
68000
68010
Z8000
80286
808x/18x
808X Genesis

Minimum Revision T evel
ESL 3.3
ESL 2.5
ESL 3.1
ESL 2.1
ESL 3.2
ESL 3.2G
~

Software Installation
No software changes are required to operate the Time Stamp Module for any of
the following software packages available from Applied Microsystems Corporation.
•
•
•
•

ES Driver
VALIDA1E/XEL
VALIDATE/Soft-Scope
GeneProbe

1-5

Time Stamp Module User's Manual Addendum

Using the Time Stamp Module
This section explains the meaning of the labels, buttons, switches and LEDs on the
Time Stamp Module, and then provides complete infonnation on how the unit
works.
Figure 1-2. Time Stamp Module

'11111

:iiU I

Microsystems

Corporatm

reset button

TIME STAMP MODULE
trigger input TGR

Getting Started
Look at the end of your Time Stamp Module and identify the trigger inputs, reset
button, switch and overflow indicator LED as shown in the following diagram.
Figure 1-3. End View of Time Stamp Module

TGR

c:::=:~

TGR

OIF

.:"

trigger
Inputs

1-6

RST,

~ ..

reset
button

,:It
L

Time Stamp Module

TGR

The TGR input is used to measure interrupt latency directly. You
connect the TGR input directly to the i.'1terrupt line in your target
circuit, avoiding any logic delays due to use of the Event Monitor
System. It is designed for processors that pull lines low for interrupts.
(Motorola and Zilog processors) (see page 1-20)
The TGR input is used to measure interrupt latency directly. You
connect the TOR input directly to the interrupt line in your target
circuit, avoiding any logic delays due to use of the Event Monitor
System. It is designed for processors that pulllines high for interrupts.
(Intel processors) (see page 1-20)

RST

The reset button is used to reset the time stamp counter to O.

Switch

The switch is used to determine the time base and the type of counting
done. (see page 1-9)

OfF

The overflow LED is lit when the counter overflows the 65,535 limit.

The examples of each type of measurement give complete information on when to
use the manual reset button, TGR and TGR, and how to use the switch to choose
the time stamp mode and time base.
CAUTION

Do not plug in or unplug the Time Stamp Module when power is turned
on to the emulator.

1-7

Time Stamp Module User's Manual Addendum

Steps for Using the Time Stamp Module
In order to make a measurement, there are seven steps you must follow:
1. Set the ESL soft-switch 9 to the appropriate position for
the measurement you want to make.

2. Choose a switch setting on the Time Stamp Module.
3. Set up your trigger inputs.
4. Set up the Event Monitor System to trigger the Time Stamp Module
at the appropriate program states.
5. Run your program.
6. View the time stamp information.
7. Interpret the time stamp information.
Each step is described in detail below.

Step 1: Set ESL Soft-Switch 9
ESL soft-switch 9 controls the LSA display of information coming in on the LSA
port. Settings 1 and 2 are used with the Time Stamp Module. Setting 0 is used
when you use the LSA pod.

o
1
2

Default: LSA value shown as 16 bits
Display the absolute time value
Display the relative time value

Absolute time values are used when you want to measure the total amount of time
spent or the number of occurrences. Relative time values are used when you are
interested in the time spent between points A and B in your code. but are not
interested in how long it takes to get to point A.
To get to ESL soft-switch 9:

1-8

from stand-alone mode

Type SET 9, n, where n is 0, 1 or 2.

from ES Driver

Select Target Emulation mode, and type SET 9, n,
where n is 0, 1 or 2.

Time Stamp Module

Step 20 Set Time Stamp Module Switch
Choose a switch setting on your Time Stamp Module based on your measurement
type and preferred time base. We recommend starting with the slowest time frame:
1 mS. The table below shows the maximum measurable time period for each
switch setting.
Time Base

Maximum Measurable Time Period

0.1 uS
1.0 uS
.01 mS
0.1 mS
1.0 mS

6.5 milliseconds
65 milliseconds
.65 second
6.5 seconds
65 seconds
IMPORTANT

If the counter overflows, the yellow overflow LED will be lit. Check to see
if you are using the correct time base for the duration of your
measurements. When the counter overflows the 65,355 limit, it starts again
at O.
When the emulator is paused, no TGR is generated by the Event Monitor
System in positions 0-4, so the counter is not reset and is likely to
overflow. This is not a problem.

For example, the DRT display might be as follows. The highlighted counter value
in the last line of the example shows the counter overflow.
LINE
#20
#19
#18
#17

ADDRESS
000344
000346
000342
000344

>
>
>
>

DATA
E2FD
80F9
754B
E2FD

MIlO

R!W
R
R
R
R

TAR
TAR
TAR
TAR

M
M
M
M

BCYC
IF
IF
IF
IF

QUE
2
2
F3
2

ABS TIME
#63590
#64592
#65032
#01222

1-9

Time Stamp Module User's Manual Addendum

The following table summarizes the switch positions.
The trigger to start and stop the counter in the Time Stamp Module is either the
TGR signal from the Event Monitor System (Step 4), or the TGR or TGR direct
input from your target interrupt line (Step 3).
Position

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

8
9
A
B

C
D
E

Time
Base
.1 uS
1 uS
.01 mS
.1 mS
1 mS
.1 uS
1 uS
.01 mS
.1 mS
1 mS
.1 uS
1 uS
.01 mS
.1 mS
1 mS
n.a.

Effect of TGR
on Time Stamp Counter

Any TGR high causes the time stamp
counter to be reset to O. No manual reset
is required in this mode for either absolute
or relative time stamping.
While the TGR is held high by the Event
Monitor System, the time stamp counter
counts. Manual reset is required in this
mode for absolute time stamping, but not
for relative time stamping.
1
In this mode, a long TGR signal from the
Event Monitor System resets the counter.
After that, successive short TGR signals
turn the counter on and off. Manual reset
stops the counter and sets it to zero.
This setting is used to count occurrences.
Each time the TGR signal goes high, the
time stamp counter is incremented. Manual
reset is required.

Useful
Measurements
Elapsed time

Elapsed time

Count
occurrences

1 A long TOR is defined as being longer than 1.6 uS. This is the only mode where the
length of the TOR matters. The following diagram shows what happens to the counter
depending on the TOR signal.

Figure 1-4. Positions A-E: Effects of Multiple TGR Signals
! 1.6 uS

ItI~1t~III~~~~:~::::I~~::~I:~:~:~_______ . . =~
count=n

1-10

~: count=O

counting

'--_...J

'""'=~ '---_......

stop
counting
counting

stop
counting

Time Stamp Module

Step 3. Set Up TGR Input
The counter in the Time Stamp Module can be controlled in one of three ways:
1.

The Event Monitor System TOR action.

The TOR input

The TGR input.

The default is the Event Monitor System trigger input No additional wires are
necessary.
To use the TOR and TGR lines to measure interrupt latency, you must connect one
of these lines to an interrupt line on your target. Use of the TGR and TGR external
inputs is described fully in the example on page 1-20.

Step 4. Set up the Event Monitor System
In this step, you set up the Event Monitor System to selectively trace the memory,
program activity, or modules you are interested in time stamping. Setting up the
Event Monitor System can be done through ESL or through the Target Emulation
menu in ES Driver.
There are three steps to setting up the Event Monitor System:
1. Decide what condition you want to look at, and what actions to
take when that condition is reached.
2. Set up the comparators to isolate that condition.
3. Set up WHEN/fHEN statements using the appropriate
conditions and actions.
For more information on using the Event Monitor System, please see section 7 in
your ES 1800 manual. The examples beginning on page 1-14 of this addendum
provide examples of using the Event Monitor System to specify conditions
appropriate for time stamping.

1-11

Time Stamp Module User's Manual Addendum

Step S. Run your Program
from stand-alone mode

Run the program using the RUN command, or run
to a breakpoint using RBK.

from ES Driver

Select the Target Emulation menu, and the Run or
Run-to-Breakpoint command.

Step 6. View Time Stamp Information
There are several ways to display the time stamp infonnation.

from stand-alone mode

The first step is to display the trace by either:
- stopping emulation with the STP command
- using the Event Monitor System to break emulation
- if you have Dynamic Trace available, you can
use the OFF TeE command to view the trace
while your program is still running
Then view the trace, using the DRT command.
The last column shows the absolute or relative
time stamp, depending on the position you
specified with the SET command.

from ES Driver

Enter the Target Emulation menu, and do the
same commands as listed in stand-alone mode.

Step 7. Interpret Time Stamp Information
The time stamp information is always given as a number of units: the units are the
ones you specify when you set the switch on the Time Stamp Module.
IMPORTANT

You must multiply this number by the time base you selected on the Time
Stamp Module switch in order to determine the elapsed time in seconds.

1-12

Time Stamp Module

Collecting Time Stamp Information in a File
After setting up your Event Monitor System and Time Stamp Module to provide
just the information you need, you can use ES Driver to save the specific DRT
displays to an ASCII file. Once the information is stored in the file, you can use a
spreadsheet or data base management program to analyze the data.
While in Target Emulation mode,
1.

Press to open a file to save the session record in. You will be
prompted to enter a file name. The default extension for this file is .rec.

Run the DRT command to print the trace. It will appear on the screen, and
also be stored in the file. Note the prompt on the bottom of the screen
"SAVEfile.rec =close."

Press to close the session record file.

1-13

EXAMPLES

Examples
There are two basic measurement modes: Elapsed Time and Counting Occurrences.
The examples are organized as follows:
Measuring elapsed time
- measuring the time it takes to go from event A to event B
- measuring the time the program is in the specified range
- meaSuring the time between an interrupt and interrupt servicing
Counting occurrences
- counting the number of times the program transitions
from event A to event B
- counting the number of accesses to a memory location or range

Measuring Elapsed Time
The elapsed time measurement can be used to measure in-module time, out-ofmodule time, inter-module time, and memory and program access time. These
measurements use switch positions 0 to E.
Conceptually, there are three types of elapsed time measurements:

Measuring the time from event "A" to event "B"
- used for measuring program time, out-of-module execution time,
and inter-module execution time

Measuring the time spent in an address range
- used for measuring memory time and program time (excluding
calls to other modules)

Measuring the time between an interrupt and interrupt servicing
- used for measuring interrupt latency

1-14

ELAPSED TIME: A to B

A to B Mode
To measure the time it takes a program to get from event "A" to event "B," the
easiest way is to set up the Event Monitor System so only event "B" appears in the
trace display.

Step 1. Set LSA Display Type
SET 9, t

Set display format to absolute time stamp

Step 2. Select Time Stamp Module Switch Setting
Use positions 0-4, depending on your preferred time base. In positions 0-4, the
TGR from the Event Monitor System resets the time StllillP counter to O.

If you're not sure which time base to use, use position 4 for the slowest. If the
counter overflows, the yellow overflow LED will light. See page 1-9 for a chart
of maximum time periods per setting.

Step 3. Set up the Trigger Input
To measure elapsed time, use the Event System Trigger input.

Step 4. Set up the Event Monitor System
ACt = 'a
AC2 = 'b
WHEN ACt THEN TGR
WHEN AC2 THEN TRC

Specify address comparator 1 in group 1 to be
event A
Specify address comparator 2 in group 1 to be
event B
The TGR action resets the time stamp counter
to 0 at event A
Trace event B

1-15

ELAPSED TIME: A to B

Step 5. Run your Program
from stand-alone mode

RUN

Run program

from ES Driver

Target Emulation Menu

Run

Step 6. View Time Stamp Data
from stand-alone mode

DRT

Display the trace

from ES Driver

Trace Menu:

Display the trace

Step 7. Interpret Time Stamp Information
The last column of the trace display gives you the absolute time stamp
information. Note that if event A and B are called more than once, you will get
the time between events for each occurrence.

IMPORTANT
You must multiply this number by the time base you selected on the Time
Stamp Module switch in order to determine the elapsed time in seconds.

The following screen shows the raw trace display. Since the Time Stamp
Module switch was set to position #1 (1 uSee), the time to go from A to B is
shown to vary from 29 uSee to 39 uSee.
Figure 1-5. Sample DRT Screen for Measuring Time from A to B
>'JRT
LINE
ji20
H9
HS
H7
H6
HS
H4
H3
H2
H1
HO
jig

ji6
!fS
!f4
t3
!f2
H
!f0

1-16

ADDRESS
001100>
001100>
001100>
001100>
001100>
001100>
001100>
001100>
001100>
001100>
001100>
001100>
001100>
001100>
001100>
001100>
001100>
001100>
001100>
001100>
BREAK

DATA
4E71
4E71
4E71
4E71
4E71
4E71
4E71
4E71
4E71
4E71
4E71
4E71
4E71
4E71
4E71
4E71
4E71
4E71
4E71
4E71

R/W
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

Fe
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL

SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP

IPL
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

ASS TIME
t3S
#32
t30
t30
#29
BO
#30
t31
t30
t3S
t31
*34
t34
#36
t32
t30
t31
t39
#34
t30

ELAPSED TIME:

F~A~NGE

MODE

Range Mode
In range mode, the trace display will show the amount of time the program is in
the specified range.
The manual reset button should be pressed prior to performing this measurement.

Step 1. Set LSA Display Type
SET 9, 1

Set display format to absolute time stamp

Step 2. Select Time Stamp Module Switch Setting
Use positions 5-9, depending on your preferred time base. In these positions,
the Event Monitor System TGR enables the counter.

If you're not sure which time base to use, use position 9 for the slowest. If the
counter overflows, the yellow overflow LED will light. See page 1-9 for a chart
of maximum time periods per setting.

Step 3. Set up the Trigger Input
To measure elapsed time, use the Event System Trigger input.

Step 4. Set up the Event Monitor System
ACl

= 'range

ACl.2 = 'range

Specify address comparator 1 in group 1 to be
the specified address range
Specify address comparator 1 in group 2 to be
the specified address range

WHEN ACl THEN TGR,GR02
While the range is being accessed, enable the
counter and go to group 2

WHEN ACl.2 OR NOT ACl.2 THEN TGR
Keep counter enabled while in group 2

WHEN NOT ACl.2 THEN GROl
Disable counter when not accessing range

If you are tracing program flow rather than just memory access, the addresses
need to be qualified with status. The following is an example for the 80186:

1-17

ELAPSED TIME: RANGE MODE

ACI = 'range

Specify address comparator 1 in group 1 to be
the specified address range
Qualify access as program code
Specify address comparator 1 in group 2 to be
the specified address range
Qualify access as program code

SI = COD
AC1.2 = 'range
SI.2 = COD

WHEN ACI AND SI THEN TGR,GR02
While the range is being accessed, enable the
counter and go to group 2
WHEN AC1.2 OR NOT AC1.2 THEN TGR
Keep counter enabled while in group 2
WHEN SI.2 AND NOT AC1.2 THEN GROI
Disable counter when not accessing range

Step 5. Run your Program
from standalone mode

RUN

Run program

from ES Driver

Target Emulation Menu

Run

Step 6. View Time Stamp Data
from stand-alone mode

DRT

Display the trace

from ES Driver

Trace Menu:

Display the trace

Step 7. Interpret Time Stamp Information
The last column of the trace display gives you the amount of time accumulated
while the program was in the specified range.

IMPORTANT
You must multiply this number by the time base you selected on the Time
Stamp Module switch in order to determine the elapsed time in seconds.
The following screen shows the raw trace display, for the above example using
a range of $1100 to $1110. Since the Time Stamp Module switch was set to
position #5 (0.1 uSee), the time spent in this range was 13.2 uSec.

1-18

Figure 1-6. Sample DRT Screen for Measuring Time in Range
>DRT
LINE
no
U9

U7
U6
US
n4
n3
#12
U1
no
jf9
!fS
if7
t6
t5

t4
113
jf2

ADDRESS
001012>
001500
001014>
001100>
001102>
0016FS
0016FA
001104>
001500>
001106>
00110S>
001500
00110A>
0016FS>
0016FA>
001016>
00101S>
00101A>
001000>
001002>

DATA
4EBS
<0407
1100
4E71
3410
<0000
<1016
0440
0407
30S2
4E75
<040C
FFFF
0000
1016
4E71
60E6
FFFF
4E71
303S

R/W
R
W
R
R
R
W
W
R
R
R
R
W
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL

FC
SP
SOO
SP
SP
SP
SO
SO
SP
SO
SP
SP
SO
SP
SO
SD
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP

IPL
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
B
B
B

ABS TIME
to
to
to
to
HO
t23
t36
HO
t50
t64
t77
t90
H03
H16
H29
H32
H32
OH32
OH32
OH32

jlO BREA.l{

1-19

INTERRUPT LATENCY

Interrupt Latency
To measure the amount of time between when an interrupt is detected and when it
is serviced, you must connect your target interrupt line directly to the TGR or
TGR lines on the Time Stamp Module. As you can see in Figure 1-7, these lines
perform exactly the same function as the Event Monitor System TGR signal, but
the direct trigger bypasses the delays inherent in going through the additional
Event Monitor System logic.

Figure 1-7. Trigger Input Logic
ES 1800

Time Stamp Module
Event System

TGR
TGR
Logic

TGR
TGR

t--------!t-----I

There are two external TGR inputs: TGR and TGR. The external TGR is used
with Motorola and Zilog processors: when the line is pulled low, the interrupt is
asserted. The external TGR is used with Intel processors: when the line is pulled
high, the interrupt is asserted.
Figure 1-8 shows the trigger pattern for the TGR and TGR inputs.

Figure 1-8. Trigger Pattern for TGR and TGR

0-4

TGR

1-20

5-9

A-E

INTERRUPT LATENCY

Step 1. Set LSA Display Type
SET 9,1

Set dispiay format to absoiute time stamp

Step 2. Select Time Stamp Module Switch Setting
Use positions 0-4, depending on your preferred time base. In positions 0-4, the
TGR from the external TGR, external TGR or Event Monitor System TGR
resets the time stamp counter to O.
If you're not sure which time base to use, use position 4 for the slowest. If the
counter overflows, the yellow overflow LED will light. See page 1-9 for a chart
of maximum time periods per setting.

Step 3. Set up the Trigger Input
Connect either the TGR or TGR input on the Time Stamp Module to the
interrupt line on your target that you want to check. For example, to check the
interrupt latency for interrupt INTO on the 80186, use the setup shown in
Figure 1-9.

Figure 1-9. Target Setup for Measuring Interrupt Latency

Target

r
/

connect targellnlerrupllo TGRlnpul

Time Stamp Module

1-21

INTERRUPT LATENCY

Step 4. Set up the Event Monitor System
ACI

= 'intservice_start

Specify address comparator 1 in group 1 to be
the start of the interrupt service routine

WHEN ACI THEN TRC

Start tracing at the beginning of the interrupt
service routine

Step 5. Run your Program
from standalone mode

RUN

Run program

from ES Driver

Target Emulation Menu

Run

Step 6. View Time Stamp Data
from stand-alone mode

DRT

Display the trace

from ES Driver

Trace Menu:

Display the trace

Step 7. Interpret Time Stamp Information
The Event Monitor System traces the first cycle of the interrupt service routine.
The last column of the the trace display shows the amount of time elapsed
between the start of the interrupt service routine and the actual interrupt
processing.

IMPORTANT
You must multiply this number by the time base you selected on the Time
Stamp Module switch in order to determine the elapsed time in seconds.

1-22

COUNTING OCCURRENCES: A to B

Counting Occurrences
The number of occurrences measurement can be used to measure memory and
program activity, module linkage activity and program flow activity. Use switch
position F (count TGR pulses) for all counting measurements.
Conceptually, there are two types of counting occurrences measurements:
1.

Counting the number of times the program transitions from event "A" to
event "B"
- used for measuring module linkage activity

Counting the number of accesses to some memory location(s).
- used for measuring memory program activity

A to B Mode
This mode records the number of times the transition from event "A" to event liB"
occurs. Trace is only recorded on exit from module A. The manual reset button
should be pressed prior to performing this measurement.

Step 1. Set LSA Display Type
SET 9,1

Set display format to absolute time stamp

Step 2. Select Time Stamp Module Switch Setting
Use position F. For counting occurrences, the time base is irrelevant. In
position F, when the TGR from the Event Monitor System goes high, the time
stamp counter increments.

1-23

COUNTING OCCURRENCES: A to B

Step 3. Set up the Trigger Input
To count occurrences, use the Event System Trigger input.

Step 4. Set up the Event Monitor System
ACl.l = 'start-a

Specify address comparator 1 in group 1 to be
the start of module A
Specify address comparator 1 in group 2 to be
the start of module B
Specify address comparator 2 in group 2 to be
the end of module A

ACl.2 = 'start-b
AC2.2 = 'end-a
WHEN ACl THEN GR02
WHEN ACl.2 THEN TGR

Go to group 2 while in module A
Increment counter when entering module B
from module A

WHEN AC2.2 THEN TRC, GROl
Exit module A, record count in trace memory

Step 5. Run your Program
from stand-alone mode

RUN

Run program

from ES Driver

Target Emulation Menu

Run

Step 6. VielV Time Stamp Data
from stand-alone mode

DRT

Display the trace

from ES Driver

Trace Menu:

Display the trace

Step 7. Interpret Time Stamp Information
The last column gives you the number of times module B was entered from
module A. Note that only the location end-a is traced. In the following screen
we see that module B is called once each time from module A. The total
number of calls is 145.

1-24

COUNTING OCCURFFNCES: A to B

Figure 1-10. Sample DRT Screen for Counting Occurrences
>DRT
LINE
#20
U9
U8
U7
U6
US
n4
U3
U2
HI
no
#9
#8
#7
#6
#5
H
#3
t2
U
#0 BREAK

ADDRESS
001108>
001108>
001108>
001108>
001108>
001108>
001108>
001108>
001108>
001108>
001108>
001108>
001108>
001108>
001108>
001108>
001108>
001108>
001108>
001108>

DATA
4E75
4E75
4E75
4E75
4E75
4E75
4E75
4E75
4E75
4E75
4E75
4E75
4E75
4E75
4E75
4E75
4E75
4E75
4E75
4E75

R/W
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL

IPL

SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP

0
0

SP
SP
SP
SP

ABS TIME
U26
U27
U28
U29
U30
U31
U32
H33
U34
U35
U36
U37
U38
U39
U40
U41
U42
U43
U44
U45

1-25

COUNTING OCCURRENCES: RANGE MODE

Range Mode
This mode records the number of accesses to some memory location(s). Trace is
always recorded. The last trace cycles recorded show the accumulated access
counts. The manual reset button should be pressed prior to performing this
measurement

Step 1. Set LSA Display Type
SET 9, 1

Set display format to absolute time stamp

Step 2. Select Time Stamp Module Switch Setting
Use position F. For counting occurrences, the time base is irrelevant. In this
position, when the TGR from the Event Monitor System goes high, the time
stamp counter increments.

Step 3. Set up the Trigger Input
To count accesses, use the Event System Trigger input.

Step 4. Set up the Event Monitor System
ACl.l = 'here TO 'there

Specify the range to be monitored

WHEN ACl THEN TGR

Increment counter whenever range is accessed

Step 5. Run your Program
from stand-alone mode

RUN

Run program

from ES Driver

Target Emulation Menu

Run

Step 6. View Time Stamp Data

1-26

from stand-alone mode

DRT

Display the trace

from ES Driver

Trace Menu

Display the trace

COUNTING OCCURRENCES: R_A_NGE MODE

Figure 1-11. Sample DRT Screen Counting Occurrences in a Range
>ilRT
LINE
#20
U9
U8
U7
U6
U5
U4
U3
U2
U1
UO
#9
#8

n
#6
#5
#4
#3
#2
U
!f0

ADDRESS
001104>
001500>
001106>
001108>
001500
00110A>
0016FC>
0016FE>
001016>
001018>
00101A>
001000>
001002>
001004>
001006>
001400>
001008>
00100A>
00100C>
00100E>
BREAK

DATA
D440
04D7
3082
4E75
<04DC
FFFF
0000
1016
4E71
60E6
FFFF
4E71
3038
1400
3200
0005
0641
04D2
307C
1500

R/W
R
R
R
R
W
R
R
R

R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL

FC
SP
SD
SP
SP
SD
SP
SD

IPL
0

SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SD
SP
SP
SP
SP

0
0

ABS TIME
t29668
t29668
t29669
t29669
t29669
t29670
t29670
t29670
t29670
t29670
t29670
t29670
t29670
t29670
t29670
t29670
t29671
t29671
t29671
t29671

1-27

USING COUNTER AS CONDmON

Using the Time Stamp Counter Value as a Condition
The ES 1800 Event Monitor System lets you specify complex program states,
using WHEN-THEN statements:
WHEN conditions THEN actions
You can use the absolute value of the time stamp counter as one condition.
Conditions are defined as logical combinations of address, data and status
comparators. The comparator LSA reads the value of the time stamp counter.
Due to the sequencing of the bit information from the Time Stamp Module, the
count value needs to be converted to the same format used by the ES 1800, using
the CTS (convert time stamp)command.

Sample Situation:
Suppose you want to break 2 seconds after reaching a specified address. If the
pod is set to the 1 millisecond setting, this is 2000 counts. It would make
sense to say 'LSA=#2000' as the Event Monitor System condition, but as
we've explained above, this value must be converted.

Step 1. Set LSA Display Type
SET 9,1

Set display format to absolute time stamp

Step 2. Select Time Stamp Module Switch Setting
Use position 4 to count every millisecond. In this position, the TGR from the
Event Monitor System resets the counter.

1-28

USING COUNTER AS CONDITION

Step 3. Set up the Trigger Input
To measure elapsed ti.1Jle, use the Event System Trigger input.

Step 4. Convert Value
CTS #2000

Convert time stamp value for ES 1800. The
ES 1800 responds with $0438. This is the
value the LSA port actually sees when the pod
has counted 2000 times

Step 5. Set up the Event Monitor System
ACI = address to reset counter

Specify the address at which to reset
the counter

WHEN ACI THEN TGR,GRO 2

Reset counter and switch to group 2
when ACl is reached

LSA.2=$0438

Specify the converted time stamp value
to break at

2 WHEN LSA THEN BRK

Break when counter value is reached.

iMPORTANT
The ES 1800 Event Monitor System samples address, data and status once
every processor bus cycle. If the time base is shorter than the bus cycle,
then a particular LSA value may be missed by the Event Monitor System.
For most processor systems, a time base of 0.01 mS, 0.1 mS or 1 mS is
slow enough to prevent this problem.

Step 6. View Time Stamp Data
from stand-alone mode

DRT

Display the trace

from ES Driver

Trace Menu

Display the trace

1-29

USING COUNTER AS CONDITION

Step 7. Interpret Time Stamp Information
The last column of the last line of the trace display
gives you the number of times the range was accessed.
In the following sample screen, the LSA register was set to break
at #2000 (CTS #2000 is converted to $0438).
Figure 1-12. Sample DRT Screen After Breaking at Time Stamp Counter Value
>DRT
LINE
#20
#19
#18

#17
#16
#15
U4
U3
U2
#11
UO
119
#8
In
#6
#5
H
1'13

#1
#0

1-30

ADDRESS
001016>
001018>
00101A>
001000>
001002>
001004>
001006>
001400>
001008>
00100A>
00100C>
00100E>
001010>
001012>
001500
001014>
001100>
001102>
0016FC
0016FE

BREAK

OATA
4E71
60E6
FFFF
4E71
3038
1400
3200
0005
0641
0402
307C
1500
3081
4EB8
<0407
1100
4E71
3410
<0000
<1016

R/W
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
W

R
R
R
W
W

OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL
OVL

FC
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SO
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SP
SO
SP
SP
SP
SO
SO

B
B
B
B
B
B

IPL
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

ABS TIME
U999
U999
U999
U999
tl999
tl999
tl999
tl999
tl999
tl999
U999
U999
tl999
t2000

nooo
t2000

nooo
nooo

INDEX

- AAbsolute time, 1-2
-B Break emulation, 1-28
-C Count occurrences
A to B, 1-23
code access, 1-2

memory access, 1-1
memory and program activity, 1-23
module linkage activity, 1-2, 1-23
program flow activity, 1-23
range, 1-26
Counter overflow, 1-9

-EElapsed time, 1-1
A to B, 1-14, 1-15
between module time, 1-1
code access, 1-1
in range, 1-14, 1-17
in-module time, 1-1
inter-module, 1-14
memory access, 1-1
memory time, 1-14
out-of-module, 1-14
program time, 1-14
units, 1-12
ESL revisions, 1-5
Event monitor system
setup, 1-11
speed, 1-29
Examples, 1-14

- FFeatures, 1-1
File,
collecting time stamp info, 1-13

Time Stamp Module User's Manual Addendum

- T-

-I Installation, 1-4
hardware, 1-4
software, 1-5
Interrupt latency, 1-20

- LLogic state analysis pod, 1-4

- 0Overflow LED, counter, 1-9

TGR
choose input, 1-11
Event Monitor System, 1-10
external, 1-7, 1-10
Time base
maximum, 1-2
switch, 1-9
Time period
maximum, 1-9
Time stamp module
label, 1-6
Time units, 1-12
reset button, 1-6

- P- UPerformance analysis
collecting data, 1-13
-R Relative time, 1-2
Reset button, 1-6
Run program, 1-12

-SSET command, 1-8
Summary,
switch settings, 1-10
Switch positions, 1-10
Switch setting: ESL, 1-8

Units, 1-12
- VView time stamp information, 1-12

[111111111

Applied
Microsystems
Corporation
5020 148th Ave N. E.
P.O. Box 97002
Redmond, WA 98073-9702
(206) 882-2000
1-800-426-3925
TRT TELEX 185196
FAX (206) 883-3049
Applied Microsystems Corporation marntains a worldwide network
of Direct Sales Offices and Representative Organizations committed
to quality service and support. For the address and phone number
of the Applied Microsystems Corporation Sales Office nearest you,
call 1-800-426-3925 (in WA, call 206-882-2000).
Applied Microsystems' products are available throughout Europe. For the
address and phone number of your nearest distributor, contact: Applied
Microsystems Corporation, Ltd. Chiltern Court, High Street, Wendover,
Aylesbury, Bucks, HP22 6EP, England. Tel 44(0) 296-625462

PIN 923-00010-00
March 1988

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