A26 5988 2_2841_2302_2311_2321_2303_Component_Descriptions_Oct65 2 2841 2302 2311 2321 2303 Component Descriptions Oct65

A26-5988-2_2841_2302_2311_2321_2303_Component_Descriptions_Oct65 A26-5988-2_2841_2302_2311_2321_2303_Component_Descriptions_Oct65

A26-5988-2_2841_2302_2311_2321_2303_Component_Descriptions_Oct65 A26-5988-2_2841_2302_2311_2321_2303_Component_Descriptions_Oct65

User Manual: A26-5988-2_2841_2302_2311_2321_2303_Component_Descriptions_Oct65

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Page Count: 58

Systems
Reference Library
IBM
System/360
Component
Descriptions-
2841
Storage Control Unit
2302
Disk Storage, Models 3 and 4
2311
Disk Storage Drive
2321
Data Cell Drive, Model 1
2303
Drum Storage
This
publication
contains
reference
information
for
the
operation
and
programming
of
storage
devices
which
attach
to
the
IBM 2841
Storage
Control
Unit.
These
storage
devices
include
the
IBM 2311
Disk
Storage
Drive;
the
IBM
2302
Disk
Storage,
Models
3
and
4;
the
IBM 2321
Data
Cell
Drive,
Modell;
and
the
IBM 2303
Drum
Storage.
File
No.
S360-07
Form
A26-5988-2
This
is a
reprint
of
an
earlier
publication
(Form
A26-5988
-1).
The
following
Technical
Newsletter
is
incorporated
in
this
edition:
Form
No.
N26-0131
Pages
iii
and
blank,
1
and
2, 13
and
14,
41
and
42
Date
10/22/65
Copies
of
this
and
other
IBM
publications
can
be
obtained
through
IBM
Branch Offices.
Comments
concerning
the
contents
of
this
publication
may
be
addressed
to:
IBM,
Product
Publications
Department,
San
Jose,
Calif.
95114
ii
Page
IBM
2841
STORAGE
CONTROL
UNIT.
••
1
Introduction.
• •
IBM 2841 F1.Ulctions
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Data
Character
Format
•••
•••••
••••••••••••••••••
Data
Characters
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Data
Checking
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Data
Character
Transfer.
• •
••
2
Track
Format.
••
2
Index
Marker.
••
2
Gaps.
• • • •
••
2
Home
Address.
• • • •
••
3
Track
Descriptor
Record
(RO) • • . •
••
3
Data
Records
(Rl
-
Rn)
••
5
INPUT/OUTPUT
OPERATIONS.
• •
••
7
Instruc
tions
• •
Start
I/O
••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••
Halt
I/O
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Test
I/O
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
T
est
Channel
•••••••••••
• •
ChaIUlel
Operation
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
ChaIUlel
Status
Word
••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Channel
Address
Word
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
ChaIUlel
Command
Word
•••••••••••••••••••••••
Program
Status
Word
••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Channel
Program
Branching
•••••••••••••••••••••
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
10
10
11
12
Control
Commands.
• • • • • • • • • •
••
12
Sense
I/O
Commands
• • • •
••
15
Search
Commands
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
••
18
Read
Commands
• • • • • • • • • • • •
••
22
Write
Commands.
• • • • • •
••
22
End-of-File
••••••••••••••
. •
••
27
Multiple
Track
Operation
• • • • • . •
••
27
Two
-ChaIUlel
Switch
••••
. . • . . • • • •
.•
27
iii
CONTENTS
Page
Record
Overflow
• • • • • •
••
28
IBM 2311
DISK
STORAGE.
• •
••
29
Introduction
••
29
Device
Description.
• • • •
••
29
Data
Storage.
• • • • • •
••
31
Operator
Controls
and
Indicators
••
31
Operating
Procedures
••••••••••••••••••••••••••
32
IBM
2302
DISK
STORAGE,
MODELS 3
AND
4 •
••
34
Introduction
• • • • • • • •
••
34
Device
Description.
• • • • • • • •
••
34
Data
Storage.
• • • • • • • • • •
••
36
Indicators
••••••••••••••••••••
IBM
2321
DATA
CELL DRIVE
••••••••
Introduction
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Device
Description
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Data
Storage
•••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••
Operator
Controls
and
Indicators
•••••••••••••••••••
Operating
Procedures
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••
IBM 2303
DRUM
STORAGE
••••••••••••••••••••••••
Introduction
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Device
Description
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Data
Storage
•••••••••
0
••••••••••••••••••••••
APPENDIX
A.
2841/2311
PROGRAMMING
EXAMPLE
•••••••
APPENDIX
B.
HEXADECIMAL-DECIMAL
CONVERSION
APPENDIX
C.
COMMAND
SUMMARY
36
37
37
37
38
39
40
41
41
41
41
43
46
51
APPENDIX
D.
TRACK
ORIENTATION
•••••••••••.•.••
52
INTRODUCTION
The
IBM 2841
Storage
Control
Unit
provides
for
the
attachment
of
direct
access
storage
devices
to
IBM
System/360.
These
storage
devices
are:
IBM 2311
Disk
Storage
Drive
(standard
feature)
IBM 2302
Disk
Storage,
Models 3 and 4
(special
feature)
IBM 2321
Data
Cell
Drive
(special
feature)
IBM 2303
Drum
Storage
(special
feature)
A
single
2841
Storage
Control
Unit
provides
for
the
attachment
of
any
combination
of the above
stor-
age
devices
up
to
a
maximum
of
eight
access
mech-
anisms.
With
the
2841 Additional
Storage
special
feature,
up
to
eight
access
mechanisms
may
be
added,
bringing
the
total
available
access
mechanisms
to
sixteen.
A
versatile
set
of
instructions
ensures
optimum
data
processing
efficiency.
Direct
access
to
vast
quantities
of
operating
information
enables
the
user
to
locate
specific
data
records
without
sequential
ad-
dress
searching.
Voluminous
master
record
files
can
be
stored
on-line,
ready
for
immediate
reference
or
updating.
Maintenance
of
master
record
files
can
be
im-
mediate
and
direct;
the
most
current
information
can
be
entered
into
the
proper
area
of
the
master
record
file
as
transactions
occur.
Complex
account-
ing
procedures
can
be
Simplified,
because
interme-
diate
manual
operations,
necessary
to
maintain
off-
line
record
files,
are
eliminated.
IBM 2841
Functions
The
2841
performs
the
following functions:
Interprets
and
executes
commands
from
the
channel
attached
to
the
central
processing
unit
(CPU).
Provides
a
path
for
data
between
the
CPU
and
attached
storage
devices.
Translates
data
appropriately
as
it
is
trans-
ferred
between
the
storage
devices
and
the
CPU.
Furnishes
operation
status
information
to
the
CPU.
Performs
checks
to
ensure
accurate
transfer
of
data.
IBM 2841 STORAGE CONTROL UNIT
DATA CHARACTER FORMAT
Data
Characters
The
basic
unit of
data
within
all
components
of
the
IBM
System/360
is
called
a
byte.
A
byte
is
eight
bits
in
length.
A
single
byte
can
represent
one
alphameric
character,
one 8
-bit
binary
number,
or
two
decimal
digits.
The
eight
bits
of
each
byte
can
be
arranged
in any
of
256
combinations.
Decimal
Values
of
Byte Positions
,128
I
64
I
32
I
16
I 8 I 4 I 2
o 4
A Byte
Containing
the
Number
19
I
0 I 0 I 0 I I 0 I 0 I
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
~
A group
of
related
bytes
is
called
a
field.
A
series
of
related
fields
is
called
a
record.
A
series
of
similar
records
is
known
as
a
logical
file.
The
length and
organization
of
records
and
logical
files
is
versatile
and
is
based
on
the
needs
of
the
data
processing
application.
First Record Second
Re
Field
Name: Social Security Name Address Social Security
Bytes
Required:
Number
5*
30 30
*Two Digits
per
Byte
Records and Fields within a
Fi
Ie
Data
Checking
CPU
(Central
Processing
Unit)
-
Parity
Number
5*
To
ensure
data
accuracy,
a
parity
bit
is
associated
with
each
byte
within
the
CPU.
When
the
byte
is
formed,
the
parity
bit
is
set
to
"zero"
or
"one"
to
maintain
an odd
number
of
"one"
bits
within
the
byte.
This
is
called
odd
parity.
N(
1
1
Whenever
data
is
accessed
by
the
CPU,
its
parity
is
checked.
Storage
Units
-
Cyclic
Check
In
2841
controlled
storage
devices,
data
is
stored
and
retrieved
in
Areas,
which
contain
one
or
more
fields.
Storage
capacity
can
be
more
efficiently
used
by
associating
check
bits
with
each
area,
rather
than
with
each
byte.
ov----"
Count Area Key Area
Dota
Area
Count
Areas Within Records
As
data
is
transferred
from
the
CPU
to
an
attached
storage
device,
the
2841
removes
the
parity
bit
from
each
byte.
The
2841
then
computes
two
Cyclic
Check
(cc)
bytes
which
are
added to
the
end
of
each
Data
Area.
The
two
Cyclic
Check
bytes
are
arithmetically
coded
to
represent
the
data
in
the
associated
area.
The
Cyclic
Check
code
detects
the
following
types
of
errors:
1. All
errors
occurring
within a
16-bit
span.
2. All
errors
involving
an
odd
number
of
bits
over
any
span.
3.
Errors
involving
an
even
number
of
bits
over
a
span
greater
than
16-bits,
except
in
certain
cases.
During
a
transfer
from
a
storage
device,
all
areas
read
are
inspected
by
the
2841.
Cyclic
Check
bytes
are
recalculated
for
each
area
and
compared
with
those
retrieved
from
storage.
An unequal
com-
parison
will
set
Data
Check
Error
indicators.
As
the
2841
transmits
data
to the
CPU,
Cyclic
Check
bytes
are
removed
and
parity
bits
are
restored
as
needed
to
maintain
odd
parity
.
Data
Character
Transfer
Information
is
transmitted
between
the
CPU
and
2841
Storage
Control
Unit one
byte
at
a
time.
A
ninth
bit,
the
odd
parity
or
check
bit,
is
added
as
needed
and
is
associated
with
each
byte.
Thus,
nine
bits
are
transferred
simultaneously
(in
parallel)
be-
tween
these
two
units.
This
transfer
method
is
called
parallel-by
-bit.
2
Information
is
transferred
between
attached
storage
devices
and
the
2841
one
bit
at
a
time
(in
serial).
This
transfer
method
is
called
serial-by-
bit.
---
The
2841
converts
data
from
serial-by-bit
to
parallel-by-bit
or
from
parallel-by-bit
to
serial-by-
bit
to
provide
data
movement
between
the
CPU
and
the
attached
storage
devices.
System
360
CPU
Parallel
By
Bit
TRACK FORMAT
o.
1~
2
3
4
5
6
7
C
2841
Storage
Control
Unit
Serial
By
Bit
76543210
Data
Transfer Format
Storage
Device
All
direct
access
st<.>rage
units
associated
with
the
2841
use
the
same
track
format:
Index
Home
Mar
ker Address
Record
R.0
Dato
Record
R 1
Dota
R
T
roc
k
Format
Index
Marker
The Index
Marker
indicates
the
physical
beginning
of
each
track.
There
is
one index
marker
per
record-
ing
medium
(disk
pack,
drum,
strip).
All
tracks
on
a
device
are
synchronized
by the
same
index
marker.
No index
indication
appears
on individual
records.
Gaps
(G)
Gaps
(G)
separate
record
areas
on
recording
tracks.
Gap
lengths
will
vary
depending on
storage
device,
location
within
the
record
and the
record
length.
Home
Address
The
Home
Address
consists
of
seven
bytes
which
define
track
condition and
physical
location
within
the
storage
device.
There
is
one Home
Address
per
track.
Home
Addresses
are
transferred
from
the
CPU
to the
storage
device
only by a
Write
Home
Address
operation,
and
from
the
storage
device
to
the
CPU
only
by
a
Read
Home
Address
operation.
Writing
Home
Addresses
is
usually
accomplished
by
utility
programs.
Index Home
Merker
Address
Home Address
Flag
A
flag
(1 byte)
indicates
track
condition.
It
is
nor-
mally
all
zero
bits
when Home
Addresses
are
first
written.
Bit
significance
is:
Bit FWlction
0 Zero
Zero
2 Zero
3 Zero
Flag
4 Zero
Byte
5 Zero
6
Track
Condition
o indicatE:s
operative
track
1
indicates
defective
track
7
Track
Use o
indicates
primaty
track
1
indicates
alternate
track
Cylinder
Number
The
cylinder
number
(2
bytes)
identifies
the
storage
unit
cylinder
within
which
the
data
is
stored.
Read/Write
Head
Number
The
read/write
head
number
(2
bytes)
identifies
a
read/write
head
w\thin
the
selected
cylinder.
The
combination
of
cylinder
and
read/write
head
numbers
is
used
to
locate
a
specific
track.
A
more
detailed
discussion
of
addressing
schemes
will
be
found
in
the
descriptions
of
the
various
storage
units.
Cyclic
Check
A
Cyclic
Check
is
used
for
error
detection
as
de-
scribed
in
the
section
on
Data
Checking. Two
bytes
are
required
for
this
check.
Gap
This
is
a fixed
gap
generated
by
the
2841
to
separate
the Home
Address
from
the
next
recorded
area.
Track
Descriptor
Record
(RO)
The
first
record
following
the
home
address
on
each
data
track
is
the
Track
Descriptor
Record
(Figure
1),
or
RO.
Although
it
may
be
used
to
store
data,
RO
has
been
designed
to
enable
entire
tracks
to
be
moved
to
alternate
tracks
if
a
portion
of
the
primary
track
becomes
defective.
For
description,
a
pri-
mary
track
is
considered
the
original
track
on
which
data
was
stored,
and
an
alternate
track
contains
data
which
has
been
repositioned
from
a
defective
primary
track.
This
repositioning
is
independent
of
the
file
organization
scheme
in
use.
Count
Area
This
I1-byte
area
describes
the
Data
Area
and Key
Area
which follow.
Flag.
Byte
0 of
the
Count
Area
is
generated
by
the
2841
as
RO
is
written.
It
is
not
sent
from
the
CPU.
Bit
Function
or
Setting
0 Zero
Zero
2 Zero
3 Zero
Flag
4 Zero
Byte
5 Zero
6
Track
Condition
o
indicates
operative
track
1
indicates
defective
track
7
Track
Use o
indicates
primary
track
1
indicates
alternate
track
3
Index
Marker
Home
Address Record
R~
Data Record R 1 Data R
__
--------~A---------~r----------------JA~--------------~----------~
Home
Address
I
CY~liC
Check
5 6
Figure
1.
Track
Descriptor Record
Count Area
Bits
6 and 7
are
transmitted
to
the
flag
bytes
of
all
records
on
the
track
from
the
flag
byte
of
the home
address
of
that
track.
Cylinder
Number.
In a
primary
track,
bytes
1
and 2 of
RO
contain
the
cylinder
number
of
the
primary
track
on which
this
record
was
stored.
If
this
record
has
been
moved
to
an
alternate
track,
the
cylinder
number
of
the
alternate
track
appears
in
the
data
area
of
RO
of
the
defective
primary
track.
Read/Write
Head
Number.
In a
primary
track
bytes
3 and 4 of
RO
contain
the
read/write
head
number
of
the
primary
track
on which
this
record
was
stored.
If
this
area
has
been
moved
to
an
alternate
track,
the
head
number
of the
alternate
track
appears
in
the
data
area
of
RO
of
the
defective
primary
track.
Record
Number.
Byte 5
designates
the
sequential
number
of
the
record
on
the
track.
For
RO,
the
record
number
is
zero.
Key Length. Byte 6
specifies
the
number
of
bytes
in
the Key
Area
of the
record
(excluding
check
bytes).
If
the
record
has
no key,
this
byte
is
zero.
This
byte
can
indicate
a Key Length
from
0
to
255
bytes.
Because
of
its
intended
special
use
with
alternate
track
procedures,
RO
will
normally
have no Key
Area.
Data
Length.
Bytes
7 and 8
specify
the
number
of
bytes
in
the
Data
Area
of
the
record
(excluding
check
4
Key Area Data Area
bytes).
Two
bytes
(16
bits)
can
indicate
Data
Length
from
1 to
65,535
bytes.
Zero
Data
Length
indicates
the
end
of
a
logical
file.
The 2841
sends
special
indicators
to
the
CPU
when
an
End-of-File
record
is
read
or
written.
Cyclic
Check.
Bytes
9 and
10
are
used
for
error
detection
as
discussed
in
the
section
on
Data
Check-
ing.
Key
Area
Although a Key
Area
can
be
written
and
used
in
RO
by
the
commands
used
by
the
2841,
this
use
is
purely
at
the
discretion
of
the
programmer.
Standard
use
of
RO
by IBM
Programming
Systems
does
not
include
a Key
Area.
A
more
detailed
discussion
of Key
Area
may
be
found
in
the
section
of
this
manual
which
describes
Key
Area
within
Data
Records
(R1
-Rn).
Data
Area
The
design
and
use
of
this
area
is
normally
pre-
scribed
by IBM
Programming
Systems.
Because
of
this
special
use
by
the
programming
system,
it
is
recommended
that
this
area
not
be
used
for
applica-
tion
data.
If
the
Data
Length
is
zero,
indicating End
-of-
File,
the
Data
Area
contains one byte
of
zeros
in
addition to the
check
bytes.
No
data
is
transferred
to
the
channel when
this
record
is
read,
but
the
End-
of -
File
indicator
is
set.
Data
Records
(R
1 -Rn)
One
or
more
data
records
may
follow
RO
on a
track.
Count
areas
make
each
record
self-formatting
for
maximum
data
organization
flexibility and
efficiency.
Index
HA
Dcrlal
~
Address
Marker
Address
Marker
* May
Not
be Present
Record R 1 -
Rn
Format
D
Address
Marker
This
2-byte
area
indicates
the
beginning
of
each
record
after
RO
(Figure
2).
Address
markers
are
supplied by
the
2841
as
records
are
written.
They
are
used
by the 2841
to
locate
the beginning of a
record
for
searching,
writing,
and
reading
operations.
Record R 1
Count
Area
This
II-byte
area
describes
the
Key and
Data
Areas
which follow
it.
Bytes
1
through
8
are
created
in
the
CPU by the
program
used
to
write
the
record.
Flag.
Byte 0
of
the
Count
Area
is
generated
by
the
2841
as
each
record
is
written.
It
is
not
sent
from
the CPU.
Flag
Byte
Bit
Function
o o for
even-count
records (RO,
~,
R4, R6)
1 for
odd-count
records
(R
1, R3,
Rs
••
)
Used
by
the
2841
to
ensure
that
all
address
markers
(and
records)
are
present.
The
2841
signals a missing Address
Marker
when
two
consecutive,
identical
bits
are
encountered
(unless
an
Index
Point
intervenes).
Used
with
Record
Overflow
feature.
o for
all
non-overflow
records
and
for
the
last
record
of
an
overflow
chain.
for
each
record
except
the
last
record
of
an
overflow.
r'--------------------------~A~----------------------------~
Data Area
Data Area Address Mar ker
Figure
2.
Address
Marker
and
Count
Area
......
_K_e_Y_~J
J
Area
T
Count
Area
Address Marker
and
Count
Area
~_D_a_ta
_
_JI
~!
__
A_r_ea_~
G
Key
Area
5
~
2
3
4
5
Flag
6
Byte
7
Function
Zero
Zero
Zero
Zero
Track
Condition
0
indicates
operative
track
1
indicates
defective
track
Track
Use
o
indicates
primary
track
1
indicates
alternate
track
Bits 6
and
7
are
transmitted
to
the
flag
bytes
of
all
records
on
the
track
from
the
flag
byte
of
the
Home
Address
of
that
track
by
the
2841.
Cy
linder
Number.
Bytes
1
and
2
contain
the
cylinder
number
of
the
track
on
which
the
data
is
stored.
Read/Write
Head
Number.
Bytes
3 and 4
contain
the
read/write
head
number
of
the
track
on
which
the
data
is
stored.
Record
Number.
Byte
5
designates
the
sequential
number
of
the
record
on
the
track.
Key Length. Byte 6
specifies
the
number
of
bytes
in
the
Key
Area
of
the
record
(excluding
check
bytes).
If
the
record
has
no
key,
this
byte
is
zero.
This
byte
can
indicate
a Key Length
from
zero
to 255
bytes.
Data
Length.
Bytes
7
and
8
specify
the
number
of
bytes
in
the
Data
Area
of
the
record
(excluding
check
bytes).
Two
bytes
(16
bits)
can
indicate
Data
Length
from
1
to
65,535
bytes.
It
should
be
noted
that
maximum
data
length
is
a function
of
the
track
capacity
of
the
specific
storage
device.
See
the
description
of
the
Overflow
Feature
for
records
that
exceed
the
track
size.
6
Zero
Data
Length
indicates
the
end
of
a
logical
file.
Special
indicators
are
sent
to
the
CPU
when
an
End-of-File
record
is
read
or
written.
Cyclic
Check.
Bytes
9 and 10
are
used
for
error
detection
as
discussed
in
the
section
on
Check
Characters.
Key
Area
The Key
Area
concept
has
been
provided
in
storage
units
of the 2841
family
to allow
searching
and
data
accessing
during
a
single
disk,
drum,
or
strip
revolution.
The
Key
Area
can
contain
identifying
information
about
a
record,
such
as
serial
number,
social
security
number,
or
policy
number.
Special
commands
are
provided
to
search
Key
Areas
for
this
identifying
information.
When
the
desired
record
is
found, a
read
or
write
instruction
can
be
issued
and
the
Data
Area
read
or
written
during
the
same
revolution.
Comparison
(during
searching)
is
accomplished
within the 2841.
Thus,
use
of Key
Areas
for
search-
ing
allows
searching
and
comparing
of
keys
and
movement
of
the
desired
Data
Area
to
or
from
the
CPU
during
a
single
disk,
drum,
or
strip
revolu-
tion.
Key
Area
length
ranges
from
1
to
255
bytes.
Two
Cyclic
Check
bytes
are
added
to
the
Key
Area
by
the
2841.
If
Key Length,
in
the
Count
Area,
is
zero,
no Key
Area
will
be
written.
Data
Area
This
area
contains
the
information
identified
by
the
Count and Key
Areas.
Data
information
is
organ-
ized
and
arranged
by
the
programmer.
Two
Cyclic
Check
bytes
are
added
to
the
Data
Area
by
the
2841.
If
Data
Length
was
zero,
indica-
ting
End-of-File,
the
Data
Area
will
contain
one
byte
of
zeros
in
addition to
the
check
bytes,
however
no
data
is
transferred
to
the
channel
when
this
record
is
read.
Input/Output
(I/O)
operations
involve
the
transfer
of
information
to
or
from
CPU
storage.
Within
this
concept,
disk
and
drum
storage
drives
and
data
cell
drives
are
considered
I/O
devices.
The
CPU
program
initiates
I/O
operations
with
the
Start
I/O
instruction.
Bit
positions
24-31
of
this
instruction
identify
the
device.
Start
I/O
causes
the
channel
to
fetch
the
Channel
Address
Word
(CAW)
from
main
storage
location
72.
The
command
ad-
dress
portion
of
the
CAW
designates
the
location
in
main
storage
from
which
the
channel
subsequently
fetches
the
first
Channel
Command
Word
(CCW).
The
CCW
specifies
the
command
to
be
executed
and
the
storage
area
to
be
used.
If
the
channel
is
not
busy,
the
channel
attempts
to
select
the
device
by
sending
the
address
of
the
device
to
all
attached
control
units.
The
control
unit
specified
in
the
address
responds
to
its
selection
and
awaits
further
instructions.
The
command
code
is
sent
to
the
selected
control
unit;
the
control
unit
then
responds
with a
device
status
byte
to
the
CSW.
At
this
time,
the
start
r/o
is
terminated.
The
results
of
the
attempt
to
initiate
the
execution
of
the
command
are
indicated
by
the
condition
code
in
the
Program
Status
Word,
and,
under
certain
conditions,
by
status
bytes
in
the
Channel
Status
Word.
All
data
transfers
from
the
channel
to
the
2841
are
checked
for
parity.
If
a
parity
error
is
detected,
a
unit
check
signal
is
sent
to
the
CSW
by
the
2841
and
the
command
will
not
be
executed.
An
I/O
operation
may
involve
transfer
of
data
to
one
storage
area,
designated
by
a
single
CCW. When
data
chaining
is
specified,
data
is
transferred
to a
number
of
storage
areas.
In
each
case,
a
chain
of
CCWs
is
used,
in
which
each
CCW
designates
an
area
in
main
storage
for
a
part
of
the
operation.
The
program
can
be
notified
of
the
progress
of
chaining
by
specifying
that
the
channel
modify
the
Channel
Status
byte
upon
fetching
a new CCW. When
command
chaining
is
specified,
a
series
of
commands
is
executed.
Termination
of
an
I/O
device
operation
normally
is
indicated
by
two
CSW
conditions:
Channel
End
and
Device
End.
The
channel
end
condition
indicates
that
the
I/O
device
has
received
or
provided
all
informa-
tion
associated
with
the
operation
and no
longer
needs
channel
facilities.
The
device
end
signal
indicates
that
the
I/O
device
has
terminated
execution
of
the
operation.
The
device
end
condition
can
occur
con-
currently
with
the
channel
end
condition
or
later.
If
INPUT/OUTPUT
OPERATIONS
command
chaining
has
been
specified,
the
next
CCW
is
fetched
by
the
channel
and
the
operation
designated
is
commenced.
Unusual
conditions
and
errors
ter-
minate
the
execution
of
a
command
chain.
INSTRUCTIONS
All
I/O
instructions
use
the
following
format:
o
78
1516
1920
31
I/O
Instruction Format
Fields
in
the
instruction
are
allocated
as
follows:
Bit
Position
Field
Designation
0-7
Operation
(Op)
Code
8-15
Not
Used
16-19
20-31
Base Address
Register
Location
(B
1)
Displacement
(D 1 )
Function
Designates
the
operation
to
be
performed.
Designates
the
address
of
a
general
register
in
main
storage.
The
register
is 32
bits
in
length,
but
only
the
low
order
24
bits
are
used.
The
sum
obtained
by
the
addition
of
the
content
of
the
register
at
B1
and
content
of
the
D1
field
identifies
the
channel
and
device
addressed
by
the
instruction.
The
re-
sult
has
the
format:
2021
2324
31
7
Bit Position
Field
DesilEation
Function
0-7
Operation
(Op) Designates
the
operation
to
Code
be
perfonned.
8-20
Not
Used
21-23
Channel
Address
000
-deSignates
multiplexer
channel.
001 -110 -designates
selec-
tor
channel
1-6.
111 -
invalid
combination.
24
Shared
Channel
1
indicates
multiplex
channel
Indicator
or
sub-channel.
On
a
selec-
tor
channel,
this
bit
is
in-
cluded
in
the
control
unit
address.
25-27
Control
Unit
0-7
control
units
per
channel.
28-31
Access
Mechanism
0-7.
Bit
28
will
be
1
only
if
additional
access
feature
is
installed
(indicates
mecha-
nism
8-15).
Bit
positions
24 to 31
of
the
I/O
instruction
specify
a
control
unit
and
access
mechanism.
? I
C~ntrol
~nit
N~.
24
t 2S 26
27
Always 1 for 2841
on
Multiplex
Channel
28 t 29
30
31
Indicates
Numbers
8-15
When Add'i Access
Feature
Installed
Unit
Address Format
A
control
unit
number
is
permanently
assigned
to
each
2841
through
internal
wiring
at
the
time
the
unit
is
installed.
A
maximum
of 16
access
mechanisms
can
be
addressed
by
each
control
unit. A
standard
2841
can
control
eight
mechanisms;
eight
more
can
be
attached
with
the
Additional
Storage
feature~
Start
I/O
All
I/O
operations
are
initiated
by
a
Start
I/O
instruc-
tion.
If
the
channel
facilities
are
free,
Start
I/O
is
accepted
and the CPU continues
its
program.
The
channel
independently
selects
the I/o
device
specified
by
the
instruction.
The
CAW
at
main
storage
location
72
contains
the
protection
key
for
the
sub-channel
and
the
address
of
the
first
CCW. The CCW
so
designated
specifies
the
operation
to
be
performed,
the
main-storage
8
area
to
be
used,
and the
action
to
be
taken
when
the
operation
is
completed.
If
any of the
several
conditions
exist,
Start
I/O
will
cause
the
status
portion,
bit
positions
32-47,
of
the
CSW
at
main
storage
location
64 to
be
replaced
by a new
set
of
status
bits.
The
status
bits
pertain
to the device
addressed
by
the
instruction.
The
con-
tents
of the
other
fields
of
the
CSW
are
not
changed.
Halt
I/O
Halt
I/O
terminates
a channel
operation,
and
the
2841
is
disconnected
from
the
channel.
Halt
I/O
does not
cause
a command
byte
to
be
transferred
to
the
2841.
If the
operation
in
progress
was a
write
command,
the
2841
completes
the
write
operation
by
inserting
valid
zeros
to
the end of
the
field
or
track.
An
erase
command
also
inserts
valid
zeros
to
complete
the
operation.
Test
I/O
Test
I/O
sets
the
condition code in
the
Program
Status Word to
indicate
the
state
of
the
addressed
channel,
sub-channel,
and
I/O
device.
The
Channel
Status Word
is
stored
in
location
64.
Test
Channel
Test
Channel
sets
the
condition code in
the
Program
Status Word to
indicate
the
state
of
the
channel
ad-
dressed
by
the
instruction.
The condition code
then
indicates
channel
available,
interruption
condition
in channel, channel working,
or
channel not
opera-
tional.
The execution of
this
command
does
not
affect the
2841.
CHANNEL OPERATION
The IBM 2841
Storage
Control
is
attached
to the CPU
through
a
set
of
data
paths
called
a channel
(Figure
3).
So
that
the
CPU may
control
a wide
variety
of
input/output
devices
with a
minimum
of
programming
differences,
all
control
units
are
designed
to
re-
spond to a
standard
set
of
commands
from
the
chan-
nel.
The
control
unit
then
translates
these
com-
mands
into
specific
operating
orders
for
the
particu-
1ar
input/output
unit.
This
enables
the
CPU to
oper-
ate
all
input/output
devices
uniformly
with
the
set
of
basic
instructions.
Channel Status Word
(CSW)
The Channel Status Word
informs
the
program
of
the
status
of an
I/O
device
or
the conditions
under
which an
I/O
operation
has
been
terminated.
The
System/360
CPU
Issues
I/o
Instructions
Executes Commands (CCW's)
I
NSTRUCTIO
NS
and
COMMANDS
Figure
3.
Instructions,
Commands
and
Orders
Data
Cell
Drive
CSW
is
formed,
or
parts
of
it
are
replaced,
during
I/O
interruptions
and
during
execution
of
I/O
in-
structions.
The
CSW
is
placed
in
main
storage
at
location
64.
It
is
available
to
the
program
at
this
location
until the
next
I/O
interruption
occurs
or
un-
til
another
I/O
instruction
generates
a new CSW,
whichever
occurs
first.
When the
CSW
is
stored
as
a
result
of
an
I/O
interruption,
the
I/O
device
is
identified
by
the
I/O
address
in
the
old
PSW. The
information
placed
in
the
CSW
by
an
I/O
instruction
pertains
to
the
device
addressed
by
the
instruction.
2841
Storage
Control
The
CSW
has
the
following
format:
I Key I 0000 I Command Address
0 3 4
78
I
Device
St1tus
Channel
I
Count
32
39
40
4748
I
31
I
63
Channel
Status Word
~
F.ields in the
CSW
are
allocated
for
the
following
purposes:
9
CSW
Bit
Position
Field
Designation
0-3
Protection
Key
4-7
Not
Used
Function
Form
the
storage
protection
key
used
in
the
chain
of
operation.
Always zero.
8-31
Command
Address
Form
an
address
eight
positions
32
Attention
33
Status
Modifier
34
Control
Unit
End
35
Busy
36
Channel
End
37
Device
End
38
Unit
Check
39
Unit
Exception
10
higher
than
the
address
of
the
last
CCW
used.
Not
Used.
Set
whenever
a
Search
High,
Search
Equal,
or
a
Search
High
or
Equal
command
has
been
executed
and
the
con-
dition
satisfied.
The
Status
Modifier
is
also
set
whenever
the
2841 is Busy.
This
bit,
in
conjunction
with
the
Busy Bit,
signifies
Control
Unit
Busy.
Set
if
a
Control
Unit
Busy
status
has
been
generated
previously
and
the
busy
condition
has
been
terminated.
Indicates
that
the
selected
device
is
busy.
It
is
set
when
a
new
command
chain
is
initiated
while
the
selected
access
mechanism
is
still
in
motion
due
to
a
previous
Seek
command.
In
conjunction
with
the
Status
Modifier
bit,
indicates
the
con-
trol
unit
is
busy.
It
is
set
when
a
new
command
chain
is
initi-
ated
while
the
2841 is
causing
a
track
to
be
erased
following
a
Format
Write
command.
See
section
on
Two
Channel
Switch.
Set
at
the
end
of
each
channel
command.
Indicates
that
an
access
mechanism
is
free
to
be
used.
Set
whenever
an
unusual
or
error
condition
is
detected
in
the
2841
or
the
selected
file
device.
A
Sense
1/0
Command
may
then
be
used
to
identify
the
condition.
Indicates
an
End-of-File
has
been
detected
during
a
Read
RO
CKD,
Read
KD,
Read
D,
Write
KD,
or
Write
D
operation.
It
results
from
a
Data
Length
of
zero
being
detec-
ted
in
the
Count
Area
of
a
record.
CSW
Bit
Position
Field
Designation
40-47
Channel
Status
48-63
Gount
Function
When
this
condition
is
detected,
no
data
is
transferred.
If
Key
Length
is
not
zero,
the
Key
Area
is
transferred.
Indicate
channel
conditions
as
follows:
Bit
Designation
40
Program-controlled
interruption
41 IncOlTect
length
42
Program
check
43
Protection
check
44
Channel
data
check
45
Channel
control
check
46
Interface
control
check
47
Chaining
check
Form
the
count
of
the
last
CCW
used.
Channel
Address
Word
(CAW)
Successful
execution
of
start
I/O
causes
the
channel
to
fetch
a
channel
address
word
from
main
storage
location
72.
The
CAW
specifies
the
location
in
main
s.torage
where
the
channel
program
begins.
The
CAW
has
the
following
format:
Command Address
o
34
78
31
Channel
Address
Word
CAW
fields
are
allocated
for
the
following
purposes:
CAW Bit
Position·
Field
Designation
0-3
Protection
Key
4-7
Function
Forms
the
Storage
Protection
key
for
all
commands
associated
with
Start
1/0.
This
key
is
matched
with
a
storage
key
whenever
data
is
placed
in
storage.
Always
Zero.
8-31
Command
Address
Designates
the
lacation
of
tIie
first
CCW
in
main
storage.
Channel
Command
Word
(CCW)
The
byte
location
specified
by
the
CAW
is
the
first
of
eight
bytes
of
information
(a
double word)
that
the
channel
fetches
from
main
storage.
These
64
bits
of
information
are
called
a Channel
Command
Word
(CCW). The
address
of
the
leftmost
position
of
the
CCW
must
be
divisible
by
four
(in
binary
notation,
the two
low-order
positions
of
the
address
are
zero).
One
or
more
CCWs
make
up
the
channel
program
that
directs
channel
operations.
The CCW
specifies
the
command
to
be
executed.
For
commands
initiating
I/O
operations,
it
desig-
nates
the
storage
area
associated
with
the
operation
and
the
action
to
be
taken
when
transfer
to
or
from
the
area
is
completed.
CCWs
can
be
located
any-
where
in
main
storage
and
more
than
one
can
be
associated
with a
Start
I/O.
The channel
refers
to
a
CCW
in
main
storage
only
once.
Once obtained,
the
pertinent
information
is
retained
in
the
channel.
The
first
CCW
is
fetched
during
the execution
of
Start
I/O.
Each
additional CCW in the
sequence
is
obtained when
the
operation
has
progressed
to a
point
where
the additional CCW
is
needed.
Fetching
of
CCW
s by the channel
does
not
affect
the contents
of
main
storage.
Fields
in
the
CCW
are
allocated
for
the following
purposes:
CCW Bit
Position
Field
Designation
0-7
Command
Code
8-31
Data
Address
32
33
34
Chain
Data
(CD)
Flag
Chain
Command
(cq
Flag
Suppress
Incorrect
Length
Indicator
(SIU)
Function
Specify
the
operation
to
be
per-
formed.
The
4
high-order
bits
specify
the
function
to
be
per-
formed
by
the
addressed
I/O
device;
the
2
low-order
bits
specify
the
channel
function.
Specify
the
location
of
an
8-bit
byte
in
main
storage.
This is
the
first
location
of
the
area
designated
by
the
CCW.
When
set
to
one,
specifies
chain-
ing
of
data.
It
causes
the
storage
area
designated
by
the
next
CCW
to
be
used
with
the
current
oper-
ation.
The
command
code
of
the
next
CCW
will
be
ignored.
When
bit
32 is zero,
the
current
CCW is
the
last
one
for
the
operation.
When
set
to
one,
and
when
the
CD
flag
is
zero,
specifies
chain-
ing
of
commands.
It
causes
the
operation
specified
by
the
com-
mand
code
in
the
next
CCW
to
be
initiated
on
normal
comple-
tion
of
the
current
operation.
Controls
whether
an
incorrect
length
condition
is
to
be
indi-
cated
to
the
program.
When
this
bit
is
set
to
one
and
the
CCW Bit
Position
Field
Designation
35
Skip
(SKIP)
Flag
36
37-39
40-47
Program-Control-
Interruption
(PC!)
Flag
Transfer-in-
Channel
48-63
Count
Function
CD
flag
is zero
in
the
last
CCW
used,
the
incorrect
length
indication
is suppressed.
When
both
the
CC
and
the
SILl flags
are
set
to
one,
command
chaining
takes
place
regardless
of
the
presence
of
an
incorrect
length
indication.
Absence
of
the
SIll
flag
or
the
presence
of
the
CD
flag
causes
the
pro-
gram
to
be
notified
of
the
in-
correct
length
condition
when
it
occurs.
When
set
to
one,
specifies
sup-
pression
of
a
transfer
of
infor-
mation
to
storage
during
a
read,
read-backward,
or
sense
op-
eration.
When
bit
35 is
zero,
normal
transfer
of
data
takes
place.
When
set
to
one,
causes
the
chan-
nel
to
generate
an
interruption
condition
upon
fetching
the
CCW.
When
bit
36
is
zero,
normal
operation
takes
place.
Bit positions
37-39
of
every
CCW
other
than
one
specifying
transfer
in
channel
must
contain
zeros.
Violation
of
this
restriction
gen-
erates
the
program-check
condi-
tion.
For
additional
information,
see
Control
Commands
-
Transfer-in-Channel.
Not
used.
Specify;
the
llumber
of
8-bit
byte
locations
in
the
storage
area
designated
by
the
CCW.
Program
Status Word (PSW)
A double
word,
the
program
status
word
(PSW)
con-
tains
information
required
for
proper
program
exe-
cution.
In
general,
the
PSW
is
used
to
control
in-
struction
sequencing and to hold and
indicate
the
status
of
the
system
in
relation
to
the
program
being
executed.
The
active
or
controlling
PSW
is
called
the
"current
PSW."
By
storing
the
current
PSW
during
an
interruption,
the
status
of the CPU
can
be
preserved
for
subsequent
inspection.
By loading a
new PSW
or
part
of
a PSW, the
state
of
the
CPU
can
be
initialized
or
changed.
11
The
PSW
has
the
following
format:
Program Status Word
ISystem Mask I
Key
I AMWP\
o 7 8
1112
15
16
32.
3334
35 36
3940
PSW
Bit
Position
Field
Designation
0-7
System
Mask
8-11
Interrupt
Key*
12 ASCII (A)*
13
Machine-Check
Mask (M)*
14
Wait
State
(W)*
15
Problem
State
(P)*
16-31
Interruption
Code*
32-33
Instruction
Length
Code (ILC)*
Interruption Code
31
Instruction Address
63
Function
Associated
with
I/O
channels
and
external
signals. When a
mask
bit
is
one,
the
source
can
inter-
rupt
the
CPU. When a
mask
bit
is zero,
the
corresponding source
cannot
interrupt
the
CPU
and
interruptions
remain
pending.
Identifies
the
cause
of
an
I/O,
program,
supervisor
call,
or
external
interruption.
34-35
Condition
Code (CC)*
36-39
Program
Mask*
40-63
Instruction
Address
*Refer
to
IBM
System/360
Principles
of
Operation,
Form
A22-6821.
Channel
Program
Branching
Normally
the
next
CCW
in
a chain
is
fetched
from
a
core
position
eight
bytes
higher
than
the
current
CCW.
This
sequence
can
be
modified in two ways:
12
1.
If
command
chaining
is
specified
in
the
cur-
rent
CCW
and execution of the
CCW
results
in
a
status
modifier
indication (without
other
unusual
conditions
detected),
the channel
will
fetch
the
next
CCW
from
a
main
storage
location
sixteen
positions
higher
than
the
current
CCW
(one
CCW
is
skipped). Since
all
Search
commands
transmit.a
status
modifier
indication,
this
allows
branching
from
a command
chain
when
the
search
command condition
has
been
satisfied.
2. The
programmer
can
also
modify the
CCW
chain
sequence
by
using
the
Transfer-in-
Channel (TIC)
command.
This
command
directs
the
channel to
fetch
the
next
CCW
from
an
address
specified
within
the
TIC
CCW. See
Control
Commands
-
Transfer-
In -Channel
for
additional
information.
These
methods
of
modifying
the
sequence
of a
chain
of
CCWs
provide
branching
capability
in
the
channel
program.
Control
Commands
Control
operations
on 110
devices
do
not
involve a
transfer
of
data
between a
storage
unit
and
the
CPU.
However,
in
certain
Control
operations,
a few
bytes
or
bits
may
be
transferred
between
the CPU and
2841 to
enable
the
operation
to
take
place.
These
bytes
are
parity
checked
during
transfer.
Erase
This
command
is
used
to
erase
the
end
of a
track
after
a
track
overflow
has
occurred.
It
has
the
same
chaining
requirements
as
a
Write
Count-Key-
Data
command.
The
execution
of
this
command
causes
one's
to
be
written
from
the
end
of the
Data
area
of
the
record
on which the
preceding
search
was
satisfied,
or
the
record
just
written
by
Write
CKD, to the
end
of
the
track.
Channel End and
Device End
signals
are
generated
when Index
Point
is
reached.
Both the channel and the
control
unit
are
busy
during
execution
of
this
command.
Erase Command Code
Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
17
11
0001
0001
No
Operation
(No-Op)
This
command
causes
the
addressed
device
to
re-
spond
with
Channel End and
Device
End.
No
infor-
mation
other
than the
command
itself
is
trans-
ferred
to
the
2841. The
addressed
device
takes
no
action.
Channel
End
and Device
End
are
signalled
simultaneously
to
the
CSW.
No-Operation
Command Code
Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
03 03
00000011
Restore
This
command
is
used
with
the
2321 only,
It
causes
the
2321
to
restore
the
strip
from
the
drum
to
the
cell.
It
causes
Channel End
to
be
generated
upon
initiation
of
the
operation
by
the
Control
Unit and
Device End when
the
strip
is
fully
restored.
The
Restore
command
operates
exactly
like
a
seek
com-
mand
except
that
no
address
is
transferred
to
the
2841.
A
Restore
command
is
not
restricted
by
the
file
protect
mask.
Any
device
other
than
a 2321
performs
a No-op when a
Restore
command
is
given.
Restore Command Code
Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
23
17
00010111
Recalibrate
This
command
is
used
with
the
2311 only.
It
causes
the
2311 to
seek
to
head
zero
and
track
zero.
It
causes
Channel End
to
be
generated
immediately
and Device End to
be
generated
when
the
operation
is
complete.
Any
device
other
than
a 2311
performs
a No-op when a
Recalibrate
command
is
given. A
Recalibrate
command
works
under
the
same
File
Protect
Mask
as
a
Cylinder
Seek
command.
Reca
librate· Command Code
Decimal H exadec i
ma
I Binary
19
13
0001 0011
Seek
Three
seek
commands
are
associated
with
the
2841
Storage
Control
unit:
Seek,
Seek
Cylinder,
and Seek
Head.
After
a
Start
I/O
instruction
has
selected
the
proper
channel,
control
unit,
storage
unit, and
access
mechanism,
the
Seek
CCW
transfers
a
6-byte
Seek
Address
from
main
storage
to
the
2841.
The
CCW
count
(pOSitions 48-63)
should
specify
a
6-byte
count
field.
If
the
count
is
more
than
six,
the
2841
operates
on the
first
six
bytes
transferred
and,
if
the
CCW SILl
(Suppress
Incorrect
Length
Indicator)
bit
is
zero,
a
Wrong
Length
Record
is
signalled
to
the
CSW.
If
the
CCW count
is
less
than
six,
the
CSW
Unit
Check
bit
is
set,
and a
Sense
I/O
CCW
may
be
used
to identify
the
Seek
Check
and
Command
Reject.
The
six
bytes
specified
must
form
a
valid
address.
At
the
completion
of
a
successful
address
transfer
from
main
storage
to
the
2841, a Channel End
indica-
tion
is
sent
to
the
CSW. A
Device
End
indicator
is
set
in
the
CSW
when the
selected
access
mechanism
has
reached
the
addressed
track.
A Seek
command
need
not
be
preceded
by any
other
CCW.
Seek
commands
operate
in
conjunction
with
the
Set
File
Mask
command.
The
6-byte
seek
address
is
arranged
as
follows:
Device Byte 0 Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3
Byte
4 Byte 5
2311
X X X 0-202 X
0-9
cylinder head
2302 X X X 0-249 X 0-45
cylinder head
0-79 X
0-9
2303
X X X cylinder head
2321
X
0-9
0-19
0-9
0-4
0-19
cell sub-cell strip cylinder head
X indicates not used, but all bits
must
be
zero.
Seek.
All
six
seek
address
bytes
referenced
by
the
cCW
are
used
to
determine
seek
address.
Seek
Cylinder.
Only
the
four
low-order
bytes
(bytes 2-5)
referenced
by the CCW
are
used
to
de-
termine
seek
address.
With
the
2321, only
bytes
4
and 5
are
used.
Seek Head. Only the two
low-order
bytes
(bytes 4
and
5)
referenced
by
the
CCW
are
used
to
determine
seek
address.
With
the
2321, only
byte
5
is
used.
Command Seek Command Code
Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
Seek 07
07
00000111
Seek Cylinder
11
OB
00001011
Seek Head
27
1B
00011011
Set
File
Mask
(Figure
4)
A
Set
File
Mask
command
causes
one
byte
of
data
to
be
transferred
from
main
storage
to
the
2841.
At
the
completion
of
the
transfer,
a Channel
End
and
13
Set
File
Mask
BO
0
0
0
7 8
Data
Address
Specifies
CPU
Storage
Location
of
the
Mask
Byte,
At
That
Location
is
Found:
Permit
Write
Commands
All Except
Write
Home Address
and
Write
Record
RO
None
Write
Data
or
Write
Key
&
Data
All
31 32
Count
36
47
48 63
( 0000000000000001)
B3
B4
Permit
Seek
Commands
·0
0 All
0
Seek
Cylinder
or
Seek
Head
0
Seek
Head
None
For
the
2841
Storage
Control,
B2, B5, B6,
and
B7
of
the
mask must
be
zero.
If
these
bits
are
not
zero,
the
mask
is
considered
to
be
invalid
and
a CSW
Unit
Check
signal
is
generated.
A
subsequent
Sense
I/O
command
will
indicate
Command
Reject.
Figure
4.
Set
File
Ma;k
Device
End
signal
are
sent
to
the
CSW.
The
byte
of
data
that
is
sent
to
the
2841
describes
the
Write
and
Seek
functions
that
can
be
performed
in
the
CCW
chain.
Set
File
Mask
can
be
issued
anyplace
within
a CCW
chain.
At
the
completion
of
the
CCW
chain,
the
File
Mask
is
reset
to
all
zeros.
If
a
Seek
or
Write
command
is
issued
which
violates
the
File
Mask,
the
command
is
not
execu-
ted,
and a
Unit
Check
signal
is
generated
in
the
CSVil
Status
Byte.
A
subsequent
Sense
I/O
command
sig-
nals
File
Protect
and
Command
Reject
if
the
gener-
ation
was
a
write.
For
a
seek
operation,
File
Pro-
tect
is
set;
for
a
write
operation,
both
File
Protect
and
Command
Reject
are
set.
A
Set
File
Mask
command
can
be
issued
only
once
within
any
given
CCW
chain.
If
an
attempt
is
made
to
issue
more
than
one
Set
File
Mask
command
with
a
given
CCW
chain,
a Unit
Check
signal
is
generated
in
the
CSW
Status
Byte.
A
14
subsequent
Sense
I/O
command
indicates
Command
Reject
and
Invalid
Sequence.
Space
Record
This
command
enables
the
2841
to
pass
over
the
next
record
on
a
track.
It
allows
the
2841
to
retrieve
subsequent
records
from
a
track
when
the
Count
Area
of
a
preceding
record
is
not
readable.
The
execution
of
the
Space
Record
command
causes
the
2841
to
search
for
the
next
Address
Marker
on
the
track.
Upon
detection
of
the
Address
Marker,
Channel
End
and
Device
End
signals
are
genera~ed.
Thus,
the
following CCW
searches
for
the
Address
Marker
following
the
one
detected
by
the
Space
Record
command.
When a Space
Record
command
follows a
Search
HA
or
Read
HA
CCW
~
the
search
for
an
Address
Marker
is
suspended
and
Channel
End and
Device
End
signals
are
generated
immediately.
The
effect
of
this
sequence
is
to
cause
Record
RO
to
be
passed
over.
The
Space
Record
command
does
not
detect
a
Missing
Address
Marker.
However,
if
an
Address
Marker
is
missing,
it
is
detected
on
all
valid
com-
mands
chained
from
the
Space
Record
command
except
Search
ID
commands.
The
Space
Record
command
must
be
chained
from
either
a
Search
or
a
Read
command.
Space Record Command Code
Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
15
OF
00001111
Transfer
In
Channel (TIC)
The
Transfer
in
Channel
command
provides
chaining
between
CCWs
not
located
in
adjacent
CPU
storage
locations.
The
next
CCW
is
fetched
from
the
loca-
tion
specified
by
the
Data
Address
field
of the TIC
CCW.
TIC
does
not
initiate
any
channel
I/O
operation
and
the
I/O
device
is
not
signalled
that
this
command
is
being
executed.
TIC
may
not
be
the
first
CCW
designated
by a
CAW. One TIC
command
may
not
transfer
directly
to
a
second
TIC
command.
When
either
of
these
errors
is
detected
or
when
an
invalid
address
is
specified
in
Transfer
in
Chan-
nel,
the
program-check
condition
is
generated.
De-
tection
of
these
errors
during
data
chaining
causes
the
operation
of
the
I/O
device
to
be
terminated,
whereas
during
command
chaining
they
cause
an
interruption
condition
to
be
generated.
Bit
positions
0-3
and 32-63
are
ignored.
Bits
29-31
must
be
zero
to
meet
the
boundary
require-
ments
for
double
words.
TIC Command Code
Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
X8
X8
XXXXIOOO
Positions
Marked
"X"
Are
Ignored
Sense
I/O
Commands
Four
bytes
of
sense
condition
information
are
pro-
vided
by
the
2841
to
identify
the
setting
of
the
Unit
Check
bit
in
the
CSW
Status
Byte.
These
Sense
Bytes
are
transferred
to
the
Channel
by
a
Sense
I/O
com-
mand.
The
Data
Address
portion
of
the
CCW
directs
the
bytes
to a
specific
CPU
storage
location.
Sense
I/o Command Code
Decimal H exadec i
ma
I Binary
04 04
0000 0100
The
significance
of
a
"1"
condition
for
each
bit
is:
Byte Bit
Designation
o o
o
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
Command
Reject
Intervention
Required
Bus
Out
Parity
Check
Equipment
Check
Data
Check
Overrun
Significance
of
"1"
Indicates
that
the
2841
has
received
an
invalid
operation
code,
an
in-
valid
sequence
of
commands,
an
invalid
Seek
Address*,
or
a
file
mask
is
violated
on
a
write
com-
mand.
(See
Set
File
Mask.
)
Indicates
that
the
specified
file
is
not
physically
attached
to
the
system
or,
if
physically
attached
to
the
system,
it
is
not
available
for
use
because
the
file
motor
is
not
on,
a
cover
interlock
is
open,
etc.
Indicates
that
the
2841
has
detected
a
parity
error
during
the
transfer
of
a
command
or
data
from
the
chan-
nel
to
the
2841.
A
parity
error
detected
during
command
transfer
signals
a
Parity
Check,
not
a
Com
...
mand
Rej
ect.
Indicates
that
an
unusual
condition
is
detected
in
the
control
or
storage
unit.
Conditions
covered
by
this
bit
are
defined
by
Sense
Byte
2.
Indicates
that
a
data
error
has
been
detected
in
the
information
re-
ceived
by
the
2841
from
the
storage
unit.
Indicates
that
a
chained
CCW
was
issued
but
that
it
was
received
too
late
to
be
properly
executed;
or
that
a
byte
was
received
during
Reading
or
Writing;
or
that
a
byte
was
received
too
late
(during
a
read
or
write
operation)
to
be
executed
properly.
*A
track
condition
interrupt
on
an
overflow
record
occurs
during
a
write
command.
15
Byte Bit
Designation
Significance
of
11111
o 6
o 7
o
2
3
4
16
Track
Condition
Check
Seek
Check
Count
Area
Check
When
Writing,
the
remaining
por-
tion
of
the
record
area
will
be
filled
with
valid
zeros
and
the
Overrun
check
will
be
generated.
When
Reading,
the
remaining
portion
of
the
record
will
continue
to
be
read
into
the
2841
and
the
Overrun
Check
will
be
generated.
Indicates
defective
track.
Indicates
that
the
file
has
been
un-
able
to
complete
a
Seek
because:
1.
Transferred
Seek
address is
out-
side
the
v.!lid address
boundaries
of
the
storage
device.
Unused
seek
address bytes
must
be
a
valid
address for
the
device
selected.
Command
Rej
ect
is
also
set.
2.
Less
than
six
seek
address
bytes
were
sent.
Equipment
failed
which
resulted
in
the
access
mech-
anism
going
to
either
the
inner
or
outer
stop.
In
this
case
Command
Rej
ect
is
not
set.
Indicates
that
a
data
error
has
been
detected
in
a
Count
Area
read
from
the
storage
device.
Data
Check
(bit
4)
in
Byte 0 is
also
tumed
on.
Error
detection
is
the
same
as
described
for
Data
Check.
Track
Overrun
Indicates
that
writing
has
not
been
completed
by
the
time
the
Index
Point
is
detected.
This
type
of
error
is
created
during a
Write
RO
or
Write
Count,
Key,
and
Data
operation.
Cylinder
End
Invalid
Sequence
No
Record
Found
Indicates
that
the CCW
Command
Chain
has
not
been
completed,
and
Cylinder
End has
been
detected.
Indicates
that
an
attempt
has
been
made
to
execute
an
invalid
sequence
of
CCWs
or
that
two
Set
File
Mask
commands
appear
in
the
same
command
chain.
Valid
command
sequences
are
de-
fined
in
the
individual
command
descriptions.
Command
Rej
ect
(Byte 0
bit
0)
is
also
set
when
an
invalid
sequence
is
detected.
Indicates
that
while
executing
a
chain
of
CCWs,
the
2841
has
detected
two
Index
Points
without
completing
an
intervening
command
to
read
or
Byte Bit
Designation
Significance
of
11111
write
the
Data
Area,
Read
Home
Address,
or
Read
RO.
It
is
also
set
in
conjunction
with
Missing Address
Marker
if
there
is
no
data
on
the
track.
No
Record
Found
is
never
set
if
the
Multi-Track
bit
in
the
command
(Bit
0)
is
on.
5
File
Protected
Indicates
that
a
Seek
or
Write
CCW
6
7
was issued
contrary
to
the
file
mask.
The
Command
Reject
bit
is
also
set
by
this
condition,
if
the
operation
is a
write
operation.
Missing
Ad-
A missing Address
Marker,
which
dress
Marker
may
indicate
a missing
record
is
detected
during
the
execution
of
command
or
chain
of
commands
which
operates
on
successive
Count
Areas
on
a
track.
The
con-
dition
detected
is two
successive
records
on
a
track
with
equal
bit
conditions
in
bit
0
of
the
Flag
bytes,
with
no
intervening
Index
Point.
Overflow
Incomplete
A
missing
Address
Marker
is
also
detected
if
two
Index
Points
are
passed
with
no
intervening
Address
Marker
record
on
the
track.
When
a Missing Address
Marker
is
detected,
this
bitand
bit
4
of
Sense
Byte zero
(Data
Check)
will
be
tumed
on
for
all
commands
or
chained
commands
except
Search
ID CCWs.
The
Search
ID
CCW
may
be
used
to
pass
over
the
Mis-
sing
Address
Marker
so
that
the
re-
maining
data
on
the
track
can
be
retrieved.
Missing Address
Marker
is
set
in
conjunction
with
No
Record
Found
if
there
is
no
data
on
the
track.
This
bit
is
used
with
the
Record
Overflow
special
feature.
It
is
set
with
other
indicators
to
signal
conditions
as follows:
Condition
Sets
Overflow
Incomple.te
and
Other
Indicator:
Overflow
to
a
Track
Condition
defective
track
(Byte
0,
bit
6)
Overflow
from
an
alternate
track
Track
Condition
(Byte
0,
bit
6)
Byte Bit
Designation
Significance
of
"1
II
7 Overflow
Overflow
to
File
Protected
Incomplete
File
Protected
(Byte
1,
bit
5)
boundary
Command
Rej
ect
(Byte
0,
bit
0)
Overflow
to
Set
for
write
only.
wrong
track
Seek
Check
(Head
number
(Byte
0,
bit
7).
unequal)
A
Track
Condition
check
is
generated
under
the
following
conditions:
1.
If
an
overflow
record
is
being
read,
written,
or
searched
which
overflows
to a
defective
track.
The
interrupt
occurs
after
the
last
byte
on
the
previous
track
has
been
oper-
ated
on
and
before
the
first
byte
for
the
de-
fective
track
is
requested
from
or
sent
to
the
channel.
In
this
case
Overflow
Complete
is
also
set.
Command
Reject
is
also
set
if
the
operation
was
a
write.
2. A
Search
HA,
Read
HA,
or
Read
RO
causes
a
head
switch
to
a
defective
track
during
a
multiple
track
operation,
when
a
Search
operation
other
than
Search
HA
is
attempted.
The
interruption
occurs
prior
to
transfer
of
any
data
to
or
from
the
channel.
Write
commands
never
set
track
con-
dition
checks.
Sense
Bytes
2 and 3.
These
bytes
are
provided
to
assist
the
Customer
Engineer
when
using
diagnostic
programs
to
locate
equipment
malfunctions.
Device
Reserve
(Two-Channel Switch
Special
Feature)
Without
the
Two-Channel
Switch
feature
installed,
Device
Reserve
is
rejected
by
the
2841 and
the
Unit
Check
bit
in
the
CSW
Status
Byte
is
set.
The
Com-
mand
Reject
bit
in
Sense
Byte
0
is
set
to
indicate
what
caused
the
Unit Check
condition.
With
the
Two-Channel
Switch
feature,
a
Device
Reserve
command
causes
the
addressed
device
to
be
reserved
to
the
channel
issuing
the
command.
The
device
then
remains
reserved
to
the
same
channel
until
that
channel
executes
a
Device
Release
command
addressed
to
the
specific
device,
or
until
the
CPU
is
.reset.
A
Device
Reserve
command
is
rejected
with
a
Busy
indication
in
the
CSW
if
any
normal
Busy
con-
dition
exists.
However,
a
Device
Reserve
command
is
executed
regardless
of
any
abnormal
file
status
condition,
such
as
off-line,
unsafe,
etc.
A
Device
Reserve
command
is
rejected
when a
Set
File
Mask
command
precedes
it
in
the
same
command
chain.
The
Unit Check
bit
in
the
CSW
is
set
when
the
command
is
rejected,
and
the
Command
Reject
and
Invalid
Sequence
bits
are
set
to
indicate
the
conditions
which
caused
the
Unit
Check.
The
Device
Reserve
command
performs
all
of
the
functions of a
Sense
I/O
command
in
addition
to
the
functions
described
in
this
section.
Device
Reserve
Command Code
l>ecimal Hexadecimal Binary
180
54
1011
0100
Device
Release
(Two-Channel Switch
Special
Feature)
Without
the
Two-Channel
Switch
feature
installed,
Device
Release
is
rejected
by
the
2841
and
the
Unit
Check
bit
in
the
CSW
Status
Byte
is
set.
The
Com-
mand
Reject
bit
in
Sense
Byte
0
is
set
to
indicate
what
caused
the
Unit Check
condition.
With
the
Two-Channel
Switch
feature,
a
Device
Release
command
terminates
the
reservation
of
the
addressed
device
to
the
channel.
This
command
is
rej
ected
with
a
Busy
indication
in
the
CSW
if
any
normal
busy
conditions
exists.
However,
a
Device
Release
command
is
executed
regardless
of any
ab-
normal
file
status
condition
such
as
off-line,
unsafe,
etc.
A
device
is
normally
reserved
to
a
particular
channel
whenever
that
channel
exectues
a
Device
Re-
serve
command.
The
device
remains
reserved
to
the
same
channel
until
that
channel
causes
the
2841
to
execute
a
Device
Release
command,
or
until
the
CPU
is
reset.
A
Device
Release
command
is
rejected
when a
Set
File
Mask
command
precedes
it
in
the
same
com-
mand
chain.
The
Unit
Check
bit
in
the
CSW
is
set
when
the
command
is
rejected,
and
the
Command
Reject
and
Invalid
Sequence
bits
in
the
Sense
Bytes
are
set
to
indicate
the
conditions
which
caused
the
Unit
Check.
A
Device
Release
command
performs
all
of
the
functions of a
Sense
I/O
command
in
addition
to
the
functions
described
in
this
section.
See
Two-Channel
Switch
for
additional
informa-
tion.
Device
Release
Command Code
Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
148
94
1001
0100
17
Search
Commands
On
all
Search
operations,
the
Channel
operates
in
the
Write
mode while
the
storage
unit
operates
in
the
Read
mode. The 2841
compares
the
information
coming
from
CPU
storage
and the
information
com-
ing
from
the
storage
unit.
If
the
search
condition
is
satisfied,
a
status
modifier
indication
is
sent
to
the
CSW
and
the
chan-
nel
fetches
the
next
CCW
in
the command
chain
from
a
position
sixteen
positions
higher
than
the
current
(Search) CCW.
This
allows modification
of
a
com-
mand
chain
as
a function of
the
data
recorded
on
the
direct
access
device.
On
all
Search
commands,
Command Code
bit
0
determines
whether
this
is
to
be
a multiple
track
operation;
that
is,
whether
switching
to
the
next
read/write
head
in
the
cylinder
is
to
occur
when the
Index
Point
is
detected.
If
bit
O.
is
not
set
(0),
head
switching
does
not
take
place;
if
bit
0
is
set
(1),
head
switching
does
take
place.
If
head switching
has
occurred,
the
next
track
will
be
used
if
the
Search
Command
is
repeated.
This
allows
for
se-
quential
searching
of
an
entire
cylinder
by
repeating
the
Search
Command once
for
each
record
to
be
searched.
The following command
chain
illustrates
the
procedure
for
reading
a
record
identified by a key
stored
at
location
a
in
the
CPU.
Command
Chain
Search
Key a
TIC
*-8
Read
Data
f3
Function
Compare
Key with
Search
Argument
Transfer
Back
to
Search
Read
Data
Area
if
Status
Modifier
was
Returned
from
Search
The channel
is
busy
during
a
search
operation.
18
Search
Home
Address
Equal
(Search
HA)
This
command
causes
the 2841 to
search
for
the
Index
Point,
then
compare
four
bytes
of
Home
Ad-
dress
data
(CCHH) coming
from
main
storage
with
four
bytes
of Home
Address
data
coming
from
the
storage
device.
The
Flag
byte
is
not
transferred
or
compared
during
this
command.
If
a
logical
comparison
is
equal,
a Channel End,
Device
End,
and
Status
Modifier signal
is
generated
in
the
CSW
status
byte.
If
the
logical
comparison
is
lUlequal,
then
a Channel End and Device End
are
generated.
Search
Home
Address
does
not
generate
a
No
Record
Found
signal
if
.the
specified
Home
Address
is
not
found.
If
the CCW Count
is
greater
than
four
bytes,
the
Search
operation
is
completed when the 2841 count
equals
zero.
The
2841
terminates
the
command
with
a Channel End and Device
End.
The
Status
Modifier
is
generated
if
the
logical
comparison
was
satisfied.
If
the CCW Count
is
less
than
four
bytes,
the
logical
comparison
between the
data
coming
from
CPU
Storage
and the
data
coming
from
the
storage
unit
continues
until
the CCW Count
reaches
zero.
At
the
time
the
2841 count
reaches
zero,
a Channel End
and Device End
are
generated.
A Status
Modifier
is
generated
if
the
search
condition
was
satisfied
on
the
short
field.
If
a
Parity
Check,
Overrun,
or
Data
Check
is
detected,
Unit Check, Channel End, and Device End
signals
are
generated
in the
CSW
at
the
completion of
the
command.
A
Search
Home
Address
command
does
not
have
to
be
preceded
by any
other
CCW
in
order
to
be
exe-
cuted.
Search
Identifier
(Search
ID)
Search
ID
commands
(Figure
5)
cause
a
comparison
to
be
made
between
five
bytes
of
data
from
CPU
storage
and the five byte
record
identifier
portion
of
a count
area
from
the
storage
unit.
Record
Identifier
--------~~------
----
....
---~-----------
Count
Area
~
The ID to
be
searched
is
the
ID
of
the
record
following the
next
Address
Marker
or
Index point,
in
which
case
ij.0
is
searched.
If
the
CCW count
is
greater
than
five
bytes,
the
Search
operation
is
completed when the 2841
count
equals
zero.
The
2841
terminates
the
command
with
a Channel End and Device End. The Status Modifier
is
generated
if
the
logical
comparison
was
satisfied.
If
the
CCW count
is
less
than
five
bytes,
the
logical
comparison
between
the
data
coming
from
core
storage
and
the
data
coming
from
the
file
con-
tinues
until the CCW
COlUlt
reaches
zero.
When the
2841 count
reaches
zero,
a Channel End and Device
End
are
generated.
A
Status
Modifier
is
generated
if
the
Search
condition
was
satisfied
on the
short
field.
Command Search I D Command Code
Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
Search
ID
Equal 49
31
00110001
Search I D
High
81
51
01010001
Search I D Equal
or
High
113
71
01110001
Command Search ID
Multiple
Track Command Code
Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
Search I D
Equa
I
177
B1
10110001
Search
ID
High 209
D1
11010001
Search I D Equal
or
High
241
F 1 11110001
Figure
5.
Search
Command
Codes
If
a
Parity
Check,
Overrun,
or
Data
Check
is
detected
during
a
Search-ID
operation,
Unit
Check,
Channel
End,
and
Device
End
signals
are
generated
at
the
completion
of
the
command.
A
Search
ID
command
does
not
have
to
be
pre-
ceded
by
any
other
CCW
in
order
to
be
executed.
If
Command
Code
bit
°
(multiple
track)
is
0,
the
search
is
confined
to
one
track
and
can
be
re-
peated
until
either
the
Search
Condition
is
satisfied
or
until two
Index
Points
are
sensed;
at
which
time
Unit
Check
(No
Record
Found),
Channel
End,
and
Device
End
signals
are
generated.
If
the
multiple
track
bit
is
a 1,
the
search
can
be
repeated
until
the
Search
Condition
is
satis-
fi~d
or
until
the
End-of-Cylinder
is
detected.
At
this
time
a
Unit
Check
(End-of-Cylinder)
signal
is
generated.
Search
ID
Equal.
If
a
logical
comparison
on
equal
is
encountered,
Channel
End,
Device
End,
and
Status
Modifier
signals
are
generated.
If
the
logical
comparison
is
unequal,
Channel
End
and
Device
End
signals
are
generated.
18. 1
Searcl;t. ID High.
This
command
operates
in a
manner
similar
to
that
of
the
Search
ID Equal
command,
ex-
cept
that
the
comparison
is
made
for
a high condition.
The
high condition
indicates
that
the
ID
on
the
Storage
Unit
is
higher
than
the
ID
in
main
storage.
The
com-
parison
is
made
byte by
byte.
Search
ID
Equal
or
High.
This
command
operates
in
a
manner
similar
to
that
of
the
Search
ID
Equal
com-
mand
except
that
the
comparison
is
made
for
either
an
equal
or
high
condition. The
equal
or
high
con-
dition
indicates
that
the
ID
on
the
storage
device
is
equal
to
or
higher
than
the
ID
in
main
storage.
Search
Key
Execution
of
a
Search
Key
command
causes
a
com-
parison
to
be
made
between
bytes
of
data
from
main
storage
and a Key
from
the
storage
device.
The Key
to
be
searched
is
the
Key of
the
record
following
the
next
Address
Marker.
Search
Key
will
pass
over
RO
unless
chained
from
a
Search
ID
that
has
searched
the
ID
of
RO.
If
the
CCW
countis
greater
than
the
Key length,
the
Search
operation
is
completed
when
the
2841
count
equals
zero.
The
2841
terminates
the
com-
mand
with
a Channel End and Device End. The
Status
Modifier
is
generated
if
the
logical
comparison
was
satisfied.
If
the
CCW count
is
less
than
the
Key
length,
the
logical
comparison
between
data
from
CPU
stor-
age and the
data
from
the
storage
unit
continues
un-
til
the
CCW
count
reaches
zero.
When
the
2841 count
reaches
zero,
a Channel End and
Device
End
are
gen-
erated.
A
Status
Modifier
is
generated
if the
Search
Condition
was
satisfied
on
the
(short)
field.
If a
Parity
Check,
Overrun,
or
Data
Check
is
detected
during
the
Search
-Key
operation,
Unit
Check,
Channel End, and Device End
signals
are
generated
at
the
completion
of
the
command.
A
Search
-Key
command
does
not
have to
be
pre-
ceded
by any
other
CCW in
order
to
be
executed.
If
the
multiple
track
bit
is
0,
the
search
can
be
confined
to
one
track
and
can
be
repeated
until
either
the
search
condition
is
satisfied
or
until
two
Index
Points
are
sensed;
at
which
time
a Unit
Check
(No
Record
Found), Channel End, and Device End
signals
are
generated.
If
the
multiple
track
bit
is
1,
the
search
can
be
repeated
until
either
the
search
condition
is
satisfied
or
until
End-of-Cylinder
is
detected.
If
End-of-Cylinder
is
detected,
an
End-
of-Cylinder
indication
is
generated.
The
Search
Key
command
never
returns
a
Status
Modifier
if
the Key Length of
the
search
record
is
zero.
Search
Key
Equal.
If
a
logical
comparison
on
equal
is
encountered,
Channel End,
Device
End,
and
Status
Modifier
signals
are
generated.
If
the
logical
comparison
is
unequal
or
the
Record
has
no Key
area,
then
Channel End and
Device
End
signals
are
generated.
Search
Key High.
This
command
operates
in a
man-
ner
similar
to
that
of
the
Search-Key
Equal
com-
mand
except
that
the
comparison
is
made
for
a high
condition.
The
high
condition
indicates
that
the
key
in
the
storage
unit
is
higher
than
the
key
in
CPU
storage.
Search
Key
Equal
or
High.
This
command
operates
in a
manner
similar
to
that
of
the
Search
Key
Equal
command
except
that
the
comparison
is
made
for
either
an
equal
or
high condition.
The
equal
or
high
condition
indicates
that
the
key
in
the
storage
unit
is
equal
or
higher
than
the
key
in
CPU
storage.
Command Search Key Command Codes
Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
Search Key Equal
41
29 00101001
Search Key High
73
49 01001001
Search Key Equal
or High
105
69 01101001
Command Search Key Command Codes,
Multiple
Track
Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
Search Key Equal 169
A9
10101001
Search Key High
201
C9
11001001
Search Key Equal
or High 233
E9
11101001
Search
Key and
Data
(File
Scan
Special
Feature)
The
File
Scan
feature
provides
an
automatic
rapid
search
for
a
specific
set
of
conditions.
The
search
is
carried
out
over
both Key
and
Data
areas
of
a
record.
Prior
to
executing
a
File
Scan
operation,
a
"control
mask"
is
set
up
in
main
storage.
The
mask
consists
of
bytes
of
information
on
which
a
comparison
is
or
is
not
to
be
made.
The
bytes
on
which a
comparison
is
not
to
be
made
are
filled
with
l's
prior
to
the
search.
If
an
equal
comparison
is
encountered,
Channel
End,
Device
End,
and
Status
Modifier
signals
are
generated.
If
the
logical
comparison
is
unequal,
only Channel End and
Device
End
signals
are
gener-
ated.
19
If
the
multiple
track
bit
is
off (0), the
search
can
be
confined
to
one
track
until
the condition
is
satisfied
or
until two Index
Points
are
sensed,
at
which
time
Unit
Check
(No
Record
Found), Channel
End,
and Device
End
signals
are
generated.
If
the
multiple-track
bit
is
1,
the
search
can
be
repeated
until
the
specified
condition
is
met
or
until
End-of-
Cylinder
is
encountered,
at
which
time
an
End-of-
Cylinder
signal
is
generated.
No
more
positions
than
the
number
specified
by
the
CCW Count
are
compared.
If
the CCW Count
is
greater
than
Key Length
plus
Data
Length,
the
Search
operation
is
limited
by
the
record
Key and
Data
Lengths.
A
zero
Key Length
causes
comparison
of
data
only.
If
the
channel
count
is
less
than
the
Data
Length
plus
the Key
Length,
a
truncated
search
is
performed.
If
a
Parity
Check,
Overrun,
or
Data
Check
is
detected
during
a
Search
Key and
Data
Operation,
Unit
Check,
Channel End, and Device End
signals
are
generated
at
the
completion
of
the
command.
Search
Key and
Data
Equal.
This
command
causes
the
2841
to
make
a
logical
comparison
on
equal
be-
tween
the
Key and
Data
information
from
the
storage
device
with
the
mask
information
coming
from
main
storage
(Figure
6).
Search
Key and
Data
High.
This
command
operates
in
a
manner
similar
to
that
of
the
Search
Key and
Data
Equal
command
except
that
the
comparison
is
made
for
a high condition. The high condition
indi-
cates
that
the
storage
device
information
is
higher
than
the
mask
information
in
main
storage.
Search
Key and
Data
Equal
or
High.
This
command
operates
in a
manner
similar
to
that
of
the
Search
Key and
Data
Equal
command
except
that
the
com-
parison
is
made
for
an
equal
or
high condition.
The
equal
or
high condition
indicates
that
the
storage
device
information
is
equal
to
or
higher
than
the
mask
information
in
main
storage.
A
File
Scan function
over
an
entire
cylinder
can
be
executed
by
the
sequence
of CCWs given below.
This
sequence
assumes
that
a
Set
File
Mask CCW
was
performed
prior
to
the
Scan
sequence.
20
Command
Remark
1.
Seek
Position Access
*2.
SRCH IDEQ (Previous) find
record
prior
to
beginning
3.
TIC
*-8
*4.
Read
Count
a
*5.
Search
Key
and
Data
EQ
*6.
TIC
*-16
7.
Seek
Head
a
**8.
Search
ID
EQ a
9.
TIC
*-8
**10.
Read
Key
and
Data
*Multiple
Track
Bit
On
**Multiple
Track
Bit
Off
of
scan
area
on
Unequal
Repeat
Search
Read
Count
of
Record
into
a
Scan
Key
and
Data
On
Unequal,
Repeat
steps 4 & 5
Reposition
access
(head
select
only)
Search
for ID
read
in
step
4
On
unequal
repeat
step
8
Read
Key
and
data
Step 4
of
the
sequence
causes
the
Count
infor-
mation
coming
from
the
storage
device
to
be
read
into CPU
storage.
Key and
data
information
from
the
storage
device
are
compared
with
the
mask
in-
formation
from
main
storage
on
step
5. The
com-
paris
on
is
made
based
on
the
condition
specified
by
the
Searcn
Key and
Data
CCW. When
the
specified
condition
is
encountered,
the
program
must
re-
orient
to
the
beginning
of
the
record
with
steps
8 and
9. Then the
desired
key and
data
is
read
in
step
10.
At
each
detection
of Index
Point
in
step
5,
the
head
address
is
incremented
by
one.
As a
result,
step
4
is
done on
the
next
track
if
the
previous
record
searched
was
the
last
one on a
track.
Read
Commands
On
all
Read
commands
the
2841
checks
the
validity
of
each
area
in
a
record
as
the
area
is
transferred
from
the
storage
device.
If
a
Data
Check
or
Overrun
is
detected,
a Unit
Check
signal
is
generated
upon
completion
of the
command
except
when the
error
is
in
the
Count
Area.
The
command
is
terminated
at
the
end
of
the
Count
Area.
At
the
completion
of
the
last
check,
the 2841
sends
Channel End and
Device
End
signals
to
the
channel.
N
....
Search
Key
and
Data Equa I
Search
Key
and
Data High
Search
Key
and
Data Equal or High
Command
Code
Command
Code
Command Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
Search Key & Data Equa I
45
2D
00101101
Search Key & Data High 77 4D 01001101
Search Key & Data Equal 109
6D
01101101
or High
Command
Code
Multiple-Track
Command Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
Search Key & Data Equal 173
AD
10101101
Search Key & Data High 205 CD 11001101
Search Key & Data Equal
237
ED
11101101
or High
Figure
6.
Search
Key
and
Data
Specifies
number of Bytes in
CPU
storage
{including
"Mask
Bytes"
to
be
used as
Search
Argument. If CCW
count
equals
key
length,
command
is
effective-
Count
48
63
Iy
a
"Search
Key."
~
Byte 4
is
not
is
set
to
all
l's
Key
Area
Search
Argument in CPU
Storage
and
8-11
are
not compared
because
of "Mask Bytes" in CPU
storage.
CCW
count
of
20
I
imits search
to
20
position
span.
Data Area
This
example
assumes
CCW
count
20
4 5 6 10
11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Key
and
Data Areas From
Storage
Unit
Read
Home
Address
(Read
HA)
This
command
causes
the
2841 to
search
for
the
Index
Point.
Detection
of
the
Index
Point
causes
the
five
bytes
of Home
Address
information
to
be
trans-
ferred
from
the
storage
device
to CPU
storage.
Exactly
five
bytes
are
transferred
including the flag
byte.
If
the channel
count
is
less
than five, only
that
number
of
bytes
is
transferred.
Chaining
requirement:
None
Read
HA Command Code
Decimal H exadec i
ma
I Binary
26
1A
00011010
Read
HA
Command Code
Multiple
Track
Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
154
9A
10011010
Read
Count
This
command
causes
the
eight
bytes
of
the Count
Area
following the
next
Address
Marker
(AM)
to
be
transferred
from
the
storage
device
to
main
storage.
The
number
of
bytes
of
information
to be
read
is
always
eight.
If
the channel
COlIDt
is
less
than
eight,
only
that
number
of
bytes
is
transferred.
Chaining
requirement:
None. The Count
Area
of
RO
cannot
be
read
by a
Read
Count command.
Read
Count Command Code
Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
18
12
00010010
Read
Count Command Code,
Multiple-Track
Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
146 92 10010010
Read
Track
Descriptor
Record
(Read
RO)
This
command
causes
the
2841 to
search
for
Index
Point.
Detection
of
Index
Point
causes
the
2841 to
"count
off"
to
Home
Address
and the following gap.
When
these
Areas
have
been
traversed,
record
RO
(Count, Key and Data)
is
transferred
from
the
stor-
age
device
to
main
storage.
Chaining
Requirement:
None. A
Read
RO
command
chained
from
a
Search
HA
or
Read
HA
is
22
executed
immediately
and
does
not
cause
a
search
for
Index
Point.
Read
RO
Command Code
Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
22
16
00010110
Read
RO
Command Code,
Multiple-Track
Decimal H exadec i
ma
I Binary
150 96 10010110
Read
Data
(Figure
7)
This
command
causes
the
Data
Area
of a
record
to
be
transferred
from
the
storage
device
to
main
stor-
age.
Read
Key and
Data
This
command
causes
the Key and
Data
areas
of
a
record
to
be
transferred
from
the
storage
device
to
main
storage.
If
Key Length
is
zero,
this
command
operates
like
a
Read
Data
command.
The
record
from
which the
Data
or
Key and
Data
is
read
is
dependent upon
the
previous
oper-
ation.
Read
Count, Key, and
Data
(Figure
8)
This
command
causes
the
entire
record
(Count, Key,
and Data) following the
next
AM
to
be
transferred
from
the
storage
device to
main
storage.
Record
RO
is
bypassed
as
it
is
not
preceded
by
an
address
mark.
Chaining
requirements:
None.
Write
Commands
Write
commands
cause
data
to
be
transferred
from
main
storage
to the
storage
device.
During
the
transfer,
the 2841 adds
appropriate
Cyclic Check
bits
to
each
area
written.
At the completion
of
the
command,
Channel End and Device End
signals
are
sent
to the channel.
Format
Write
Commands
The following
are
Format
Write
commands:
Write
Home
Address
Write
RO
Write
Count, Key and
Data
Read
Data
Read Key
and
Data
Command
Code
o 7 8
Data
Address
Specifies
CPU
storage
locations
to
which
key
or key
and
data
fields
are
to
be
transferred.
After
the
command
is
executed,
CPU
storage
contains:
.
Figure
7.
Read
Data
and
Key
and
Data
Read
Count,
Key
and
Data
Command
Code
o 7 8
Data
Address
Specifies
CPU
storage
location
to
which
count,
key,
and
data
areas
are
to
be
transferred,
after
trans-
fer,
CPU
storage
contains:
Key
Area
Specified
Location
Count
Specifies
number
of
bytes
to
be
transferred.
May
be
less
than
entire
data
or
key
and
data
length.
63
Data
Area
48
Count
63
Specifies
number
of
bytes
to
be
transferred
to
CPU
storage,
may
be
less
than
entire
record
length.
I
~
__
~:
__
~
___
~~o_u_n~~_A_re_~~~
__
~
__
~
__
K_e_y~~
Area
Data
~L.
__
A_re_a
__
..1
Read
Data
Command
Codes
Decimal
Hexadecimal
Binary
Read
Data
06
06
00000110
Read Key &
Data
14
OE
00001110
Read
Count,
Key
&
Data
30
IE
00011110
Read
Data
Command
Codes,
Multiple
Track
Decimal
Hexadecimal
Binary
Read
Data
134
86
10000110
Read Key &
Data
142
8E
10001110
Read
Count,
Key
&
Data
158
9E
10011110
Figure
8.
Read
COWlt, Key,
and
Data
23
These
commands
are
used
to
initiaJize
tracks
or
records.
A
command
chain
which
includes
one
or
more
Format
Write
commands
must
include an
appro-
priate
Set
File
Mask CCW
preceding
it.
After
the
last
Format
Write
command
in
a
chain
has
been
completed,
and Channel End and Device
End
sigrials
generated,
the
2841
causes
the
remain-
ing
portion
of
the
track
to
be
erased.
If
a new
com-
mand
chain
is
initiated
before
the
end
of
the
track
is
reached,
a
Control
Unit
Busy
signal
is
generated
in
the
CSW.
At
the
end
of
the
track,
Control
Unit End
is
signalled
to
the
channel.
If
a
command
other
than
a
Format
Write
is
chained
from
a
Format
Write
command,
the
2841
retains
and
executes
it
after
the
track
has
been
erased
and Index
Point
is
detected.
Detection
of
a
Parity
Check
on
an
Overrun
dur-
ing
a
Format
Write
operation
causes
a
Unit
Check
to
be
signalled
at
the
end
of
the
operation.
The 2841
writes
valid
zeros
from
the
time
the
Overrun
is
de-
tected
to
the
end
of
the
record.
The Cyclic
Check
bits
written
in
this
case
may
not
be
valid.
Write
Home
Address
(Write HA).
This
command
causes
the 2841 to
search
for
the
Index
Point
(Fig-
ure
9). When
the
Index
Point
is
detected,
the
speci-
fied
data
is
transferred
from
main
storage
to
the
storage
device.
The
2841
transfers
five
bytes
of
Write
HA
Command
Code
o
Index
Marker
7 8
Data
Address
Specifies
CPU
storage
location
from
which
five
,bytes
of
home address
are
to
be
transferred.
Cylinder
2Number
Home Address
Head
Number
4
Write
Home Address Command
data
from
the
CPU,
and adds two
bytes
of
Code
Check. At
this
point, Channel End and Device End
signals
are
generated.
If
the
dcw Count
is
less
than
five,
the
2841
records
valid
zeros
until
five
bytes
have
been
writ-
ten.
If
the CCW Count
is
greater
than
five, the 2841
transfers
only
the
first
five
bytes
from
CPU
storage.
A
Write
HA
command
is
normally
used
to
establish
track
identity within a
storage
device.
Each
track
must
be
initialized
with
a Home
Address
before
a
data
operation
which
involves
that
track
can
take
place.
Chaining
Requirements:
Execution
of
this
com-
mand
is
dependent upon a
correct
Set
File
Mask
.
command
preceding
it
in
the
same
command
chain.
Write
Track
Descriptor
Record
(Write
RO).
This
command
causes
specified
data
to
be
transferred
from
main
storage
to
the
storage
device
(Figure
10).
The
first
eight
bytes
transferred
from
core
make
up the Count
Area.
The
Flag
byte
is
gener-
ated
by the 2841.
The
remaining
data
is
written
in
the Key and
Data
Areas
as
specified
by
Key Length
and
Data
Length
in
the
Count
Area.
The 2841
writes
the
correct
Code
Check
at
the
end
of
each
Area.
Channel End and Device
End
signals
are
generated
after
the Code
Check
of
the
Data
Area
has
been
written.
000
48
Cyclic
~heck
Count
Usually
5
(0000000000000101)
63
Decimal I
Hexadecimal
I Binary
25
19
0001
1001
Figure
9.
Write
HA
24
Write
RO
Command
Code
o 7 8
Figure
10.
Write
RO
Data
Address
Specifies
CPU
storage
location
from
wh
i
ch
count,
key,
and
data
bytes
are
to
be
transferred.
Key
and
data
field
lengths
are
specifi
ed
in
the
count
area.
Head
No.
Rec.
Key Dota
No.
Len. Length
Count
Area
The
CCW
Count
Field
specifies
the
number
of
bytes
to
be
transferred
from
main
storage
by
the
channel.
This
is
eight
(bytes)
plus
Key
Length
plus
Data
Length.
If
CCW
Count
is
less
than
this,
the
2841
writes
valid
zeros
so
that
the
Key
and
Data
Areas
conform
to
the
lengths
specified
in
the
record
Count
Area.
Chaining
Requirements:
This
command
causes
an
Invalid
Sequence
signal
to
be
generated,
unless
it
is
chained
from
a
Search
HA
that
was
equal
on
all
five
bytes
of the Home
Address,
or
from
a
Write
HA.
If
the
Write
RO
CCW
is
issued
more
than
60
microseconds
after
the
preceding
Search
HA
or
Write
HA,
an
Overrun
signal
is
generated.
Write
Count, Key, and
Data
(Figure
11).
This
com-
mand
is
the
same
as
the
Write
RO
except
that
the
2841
causes
an
Address
Marker
to
be
written
on
the
track
immediately
before
the Count.
This
command
causes
an
Invalid
Sequence
Signal
to
be
generated
unless
it
is
chained
from
a
Write
RO,
another
Write
Count, Key and
Data,
or
from
a
suc-
cessful
Search
Equal
ill
or
Search
Equal
Key
com-
mand.
This
search
must
not
be
a
truncated
search,
or
one
in
which
the
CCW
count
is
less
than
the
length
of
the
area.
A
Read
Data
or
Read
Key and
Data
CCW
may
be
inserted
between
a
Search
CCW and
Write
Count, Key
and
Data
CCW.
Gap
Key
Area
48
Count
Specifies
total
RO
field
lengths
count
(eight
bytes),
plus
key
length,
plus
data
length.
Write
RO
Command
Code
Hexadecimal
Binary
63
15
0001
0101
Gap
Dota
Area
Write
Special
Count,
Key,
and
Data
(Figure
12).
This
command
functions
like
the
Write
command
except
that
it
causes
a
one-bit
to
be
placed
in
bit-
position
one of
the
Flag
byte
when
the
2841
generates
and
writes
the
Flag
byte.
It
is
used
with
the
Record
Overflow
feature.
Data
Write
Commands
These
commands
are
used
for
normal
record
up-
dating.
Detection
of
a
Parity
Check
or
Overrun
causes
a
Unit
Check
to
be
generated
at
the
comple-
tion
of
the
command.
A
data
check
which
occurs
in
record
areas
which
must
be
passed
over
but
not
written,
terminates
the
command
before
data
is
written.
Write
Data.
This
command
causes
the
specified
data
to
be
transmitted
from
CPU
storage
to
the
storage
device.
Writing
continues
as
specified
by
the
Data
Length
portion
of
the
Count
Area.
At
this
point,
the
2841
causes
the
Code
Check
to be
written
and
then
sets
Channel
End
and
Device
End.
If
the
CCW
Count
is
less
than
the
Data
Length
in
the
Count
Area,
the
2841
causes
valid
zeros
to
be
written
in
the
remaining
portion
of
the
Data
Field.
Chaining
Requirement:
Write
Data
causes
an
Invalid
Sequence
to
be
generated
if
it
is
not
chained
25
Write
Count,
Key
and
Data
Command
Code
o
Address
Marker
7 8
Address
Specifies
CPU
storage location
from
wh
iCh
count, key,
and
data
bytes
are
to
be
transferred.
Key
-cirid
data field lengths
are
specified
in the count
area.
Flag
Cylinder
No.
Head
No.
Rec. Key
No.
Len.
Count
Area
Figure
11.
Write
Count,
Key
and
Data
Write
Special
Count,
Key, and Data
Command
Code
Data Address
o 7 8
Address
Marker
(
Cylinder
No.
'III
Specifies
CPU
storage location
from
wh
ich count, key, and
data
bytes
are
to
be
transferred.
Key
and
data
field lengths
are
specified
in
the
count
area.
I
Fla
g
Cylinder
No.
Head
No.
Count
Area
Figure
12.
Write
Special
Count,
Key,
and
Data
26
Gap
Key
Area
48
Count
Specifies
total
of
all
field
lengths;
count
{eight bytes}, plus key
length,
plus
data
length
63
Write Count Key,
and
Data
Command
Decimal
29
Hexadeci
rna
I Binary
10
00011101
Gap
Data Area
Count
Specifies
total
of
all
field
lengths; count
(eight bytes), plus key
length,
plus
data
length
63
Write
Special
Count,
Key
and
Data Command
Code
Decimal
01
Hexadecimal
01
Binary
00000001
from
a
successful
Search
Equal
ID
or
from
a
Search
Equal
Key
command
which
was
not
truncated.
Write
Key and
Data.
This
command
is
the
same
as
a
Write
Data
command
except
that
the
Key
Area
is
also
written.
If
the
Key
Length
Field
of the
Count
Area
is
zero,
the
Write
Key
and
Data
command
func-
tions
just
like
the
Write
Data
command.
Write Data
Write Key
and
Data
Data Address
~--------~~~--------~
~
Specifies
CPU
storage
location'
I The CCW
count
field
specifie;
from which
data
or key
and
the
number
of
bytes to be
data
fields
are
to
be
transferred.
transferred.
Write Data Command Codes
Decimal Hexadecimal Binary
Write
Data
05
05
00000101
Write Key & Data
13
00
00001101
An
Invalid
Sequence
is
generated
if
Write
Key
and
Data
is
not
chained
from
a
successful
Search
Equal
ID
command,
which
was
not
truncated.
Write
commands
are
never
truncated.
End
of
File
The
end
of
a
logical
file
is
indicated
by
a
record
whose
Count
Area
contains
a
Data
Length
of
two
bytes
of
zeros.
This
may
be
any
record
on a
track.
This
record
is
written
by
a
Write
Count,Key
and
Data
CCW
or
a
Write
RO.
The
indicated
zero
Data
Length
causes
the
2841
to
record
a
Data
Area
of
a
single
zero
byte.
Formation
of
a Key