AD 742_965_Software_Simulation_of_the_Minuteman_D17B_Computer_Mar72 742 965 Software Simulation Of The Minuteman D17B Computer Mar72
AD-742_965_Software_Simulation_of_the_Minuteman_D17B_Computer_Mar72 AD-742_965_Software_Simulation_of_the_Minuteman_D17B_Computer_Mar72
User Manual: AD-742_965_Software_Simulation_of_the_Minuteman_D17B_Computer_Mar72
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AIR UNIVERSITY
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE
L
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
SNATIONAL.
TCHNICLa.
INFORMATiO SERVIC
so
0.w va
-lWUSUrl-PAMISON
=21W
AIR FORCE BASEN
...
4--AL
Oct
4L
AIR UNIVERSITY
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
womduced by
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE
SpringftleM, Va.
WRIGHT-PATTERSON
Best Available Copy,,
22151
AIR FORCE BASE, OHI
,.
l
Unclassified
[
DCtU'1ET CONTROL OATA
Air Force frnstitutc of Tehooj(l
Weight..Patterson AM,~
ioh
-
t&I
)
Unclassified1
45lo
Soft-wae Sioulatilon of thie Xnutezzn P1?3 CoaputerJj
AFIT Shesis
Bruce Chattertom
I1j
ifparmh 19072
64A
T oa
200
T.-ioc~a
r~i.A
iree~or otI
b1;hs be-. zgprowe& for VWi~.c release
its dsiu~'nis
and =1eo
IRL
-ý%n
-z'%
=Llizeited.
F;iTI-
----A sof tiam re ge haz btaen
-wi
-hich slailates t3 fwo-ltiomns of thie r-irntte=--n D17?. C .zpte,' a-S the :-c~istE-r tZMES-1-e level.
Vie sinulation pror~zn is wi~rttem in the FC3b
Extendzd laengwage
to~ be used
system,
on thie Intercom Syctem (teleltype-)
The simulation pr-ogr-a
eighbt subrcutirnes.
of
a CO
"W0
co-qmter
co-s-Ists of a r~ain m'ogras and
A jmfrcjraring luangtag
for the D173 similationI
msc formded ulich contcAns nuambeasPrA ]-cad~ ccdezs wrdtches, an&
uiiscellaneous coimnzis.
£cc
i
r
tmruon the siziualated co2puter have been Includ-ed
D
to shosDU the tpsof
output aval(.ble.
D
4L1-
I
.
-
L'nclasiricd
4.
m
__________________________________________________________
OLC
?
a0.E
-
4
Coaputer 3izulation
Digital Caapater
SimulatioL Lges
FTAM
Pz'ogra,mg
D17B Couputer
*!
-
SOLE
--
-
-
-
-
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1
mm.
a
Unc1.ss1?j
-
A
II
7-
I
IIUm.A-MD173 C(XPUTM
P~sete~to tkle Facul~ty Of t~l
I
Schmf-rzt!1-ainmeizg
of -the Air Force InstItmete o.fP Tecmbology
Air rmdveSit7
in Plx-4-.
Pu,,ifllent of the
Rere.es
c,~nth~re
of
IFASzer o1f Scienice
by
Brc
m~ttertzu, B.S.LE.Z
USA)'
Captain
*~Rm
1
Graduate Electrical 2MgineerIxg
Sthis
Jzaich 1972
doctism-t bas been ap?-oved fowl pubAic
release an& sale:
it&s cdstrib-ritionIs unmliaitd
I
I
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I
GE/EE/72-7
ultS
me contents of this thesis represent-the
of doin a softnre siu=0tion of the Minutemn D1?B
Conputer.
The D_17B compater is a general-purpose computer
which was used in the control of the
iM tema
Nissile.
Mds coppater is baing Iftased out of Air Force lnrventol7,
ani
as a result of being declared excess, It is being nde
The Air Force Lns-t-itute of Technology Electrical
tutions.
Depa
SEnginear.4ig
týý ha
dn.
c
acquired t•w of these
bas be=n started at AnIT to zake the D17B
S~Research
Compute
operational In a leboratory, nt
develop aPrpicsti-.s.
ail
to
"Mie voft-re sin-lation is a part
Of this research e-fort.
The other ar-ea being paure
at
the present tMe are the desiSn and constrction of a hardwar. control c•.sole,
the design and construction of an I/O
Interface for cmtrolling a tape rczder, tape pinch, amd
teletype, and a description of the DIRB conputer az
steps to be folloved In rai
the
it operational.
I vmnt to express zw appreciation to Dr. Frank If.
Bromn and Dr. Gary B. lan-_t for proposing the sMLa•tion
ProVMUas
8
n area of research and for their
advisors for this proJect.
Special a
prse
as
nt1ovl
is due
Bob Hitchell, a Systes vn-ineer from fiemtr Air Force
Station, Ohio, for the Lo ledge an
docu sntatlan
he has i.-rtedl to this research vroject.
11
I an also
hicdh
i
GE/EE/?2-7
-
gmteful to the other fce,
studets who me
In this area for their help in wnderstatii
doiUg research
the opgrati•a
of the D17B commtar.
DBram Chatter-nl
..
It
I
;I
ii
GE/Y4E/72-7
Preface
e
List Of Figures.
*
6
.
AhesiCt
0
.
*.
0404
0
.e .
00
..
.
. *..
. 0.
ej
040
00*0
Gemeral D173 Description
7
--
.. ..
i
Ce0
. . .
2
.
on-Go~ulte "locde Section
CoznteIBode Section
vi
-v -z ;I:
.1. ...
&
Sbrout-Imas~ ~~.*
26
SifuoutineU LW3D
Subroutin.-e ia-Gsro
a**~*
..
Subroutine DISTFIA.
*.
27
28
*
*.*V
0
***2
Sifartoyjti'oa
nraee
31
Awibiem. znd~ Load. Cod"8*...
Sui~teles
a .
&04
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39
606
pwalite
O1ca
nssitch
Cold-Storagee Write Sb-.Itch
S
M~Iiscefl~mamao
.
.126.
.
.njt*e
.
.
.
.
**as15
0...
.
.
"~Cecution specification:
C 'tins
Fipvo
43
6
*,,
iiipvzs anCO3aS
PA
Di~screte
Miode Traclrg
..
0'1
42
Discrete .i-dtch .**..6 . .
flochp*nica I=z-t swuitch ....
*1
4
0
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4?
.9
50
GE/Eg/72am7
S
ftM*l
oga
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Ekrammle PreExa~Pie
ojra-z
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3
Ntber1
Is'-mbar 2
a.
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.
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.
.
. .
Rrcanile ir-r~aa I'iz-bar 5I -o o e. o. o.
66-
66
.
81
a
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93
Rmazle Progr
A
~V1.
Conclusion~f
.a
0
.*a
a
a
o... e-.:&.
Reo~~e~at-1ons for PutI-,e, Study
.
ftl~iogz'ahy
Appendix A:
..
Irrfltont
a
os
of
94a*
aa
.aaaa
Simulatico11 ro
A-ia
ad Codes
B-I
*
Dlscr'et~,
..
C: Pi-
96
0 0
-am
andL DI
P173
ApPendir B: DIP~ I~t-.,t~cn
for Imt-er-araty,
App~~ixC: ? ,as
App=Af
a 0 *
...
Appendix D): Iimatrumtdiom- far-, UZIM- t~he simiaution
VI
aa
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A
0
Op-
9
GE/Eg/72-7
US
.
S.srctos
2
3
4
5-'
*
-i
6
7
8
RE
00
000
00
0s
Veitcha Diagrc-s of~Chame1 Addresses and P~ag
ftoi'e and Lo4ad Codes *
* * *
* * * *
e
1
.
1it
Correlaticm bat~ieen )iiamtellan and F(QIMh
d~eig..
mtIon for Sactor Track and fluti-vord Loops.
~D17? Co~pater Siuulatiou ftmgrm_ Flow
.
.
=ee1n
T~ranslationi Sectca Flowchart
Sm~ch Interpretation Fo~hr-~
....
Ii200llaIeu Inpuat and. Co.-m-n Flowebart
fian-Con-mte flode Section Flowchar't
*
0
*
0
10 P"ýs Co~eho~e
12
Discrete tp
13
B
tpus..
loachart
13
14
...
16
..
1
18
:H3:::::::
sj:9m7
*
0
*
a
21
22
2
6
*
*
1PWe
Outputs***
14'-IeeO t ACI m.....
*.*
C-iL
C-2
-
Abstract
A software program has been uritten wh
-timulates
the functiona of the linutemn Di173 copuater at-he register
transfer level.
PO
%I'
The siulation rmo-raa is written In the
U Extended lapsrage to be used on the Intercom System
(teletype) of a C.W 6600 copter system.
t.
4
The sim:
ation
proram of the D17B computer ims developed at the Air Force
Institute of Technology as pert cf a research effort In
aking a D1)1r oapeaUonal
in a
albor-atory enviro.m
sizulation pmogras has pro-ten itelf
It
2he
useful as a teachig
aid sad can be used for er-ror check1in
run on the D173 computer.
t.
pnra
tapes to be
can also be used as a standard
for the hardvare version of t.e cm--;tepr.
The situlation
Sprogran
contists of a =in po-ram- z=1 eight subroutines.
The min proq--r
consists of a reading and translation section i•hch reads and interprets in-_t data, a nonconpute
mode section -ich iup
1
ts the loading and Interaction
functions, and a coupute Eode section which 1ple~ents the
search, read and write =zxnry, and execute fmotions.
A
pAinv lan-uae for the D1I75 sialatlon program was
formed ihich contains nudbers and load codes, switches, and
miscellaneous cowz.
The rdsceml3ansus conds; include
such functions as register display, ne-ory display, mode
tracing, and setting of flipflops.
Example program rim
on the sinulated computer bave been included to show the
types of output available.
•
Tt1
SOFWARE SIMLATION
fOF
THEUTTMAND17B CMUE
!,
IoIn~.~t•_on
The Purpose of this thesis Is to describe the software
simulation program of the iinutemn Dl7B computer that has
been developed,
Az software siculatior of the D17B computer
was developed as part of a research- effort at the Air Force
Institute of Technology. T-is ras-arch effort was concerned
witth finding useful aplcations foT
the D17B coqputer.
There are several reasons Vhy a simulation of the D17D
computer was written.
(--
T-bils prog•--n can be used In teaching
the operation of the D17B conlrater.
It can also be used
as backup capability for ru-mzug DI?B Programs td= the
actual computer is not available. T.-e most important reason,
hower, is that the simUation program can provide error
checks for the D7
promgmms
hich it executes.
The .iard-
ware version of the D17B co-Iputer has no error checking
caimbllity.
The simulation program was written to si-ulate the
D17B computer at the register ftansfer level.
A register
transfer approach was used because It alowed the D17B
couputcr to be sim-ulated at the intforation and data transfer level.
Thus it was not necessary to sinulate the logic
equations required to clear and set each flipflop. Using
th,.
register transfer approach also allou's for the tracing
1
11 li I•1 -1.. . i.... H I
•".......ii
I . ......
II iII....
•11
l .7
1A
GE/EIE/7-2-7
flow In the simflated computer as data
of the information1
0
Vith this inforatIon
Is loaded and propmus executed.
tracIng capability, the simflatiom program can be used as
i
a teachIMg aid.
Generl PUB DescripIon..
syncbronous,
The D17B coputer is a small,
serial, general-purpose diggital computer.
It
as design•d to be used in airborne catrol applications
and was used In controllizig the guidance and operatic. of
XizLnute=n
Nissil•.
chactrstics
This copiter has severalT
of uhich the ollong are
uderstandin- of the sinulation propa.
1.
Whcm the D173 ocipar is eecut,
operations re controlled by a
or
;in -tant
t to an
(Ref 6:5-6)
all
computer
intcrmny stored program
This stored proo=- can bs entered by eternal iput duvices
(tape reader, teletype, control console switches. etc.).
2.
The word length for this computer Is 27 bits, of
which 24 are used In cowupuatation.
The resianing9 3 bits are
bits and thus we
spare and sys %croizing
simulation progrea.
not needed in the
For this reason the word lengh is
treated as 24 bits throughout the remander of this thesis.
3.
rpm
The uea=7 storage capability consists of a 6000
agn•tic disk with a stoe-nge capacity of 2985 words of
tehich 2728 are addressable.
The contents of nemoy inclde
20 cold-storage channels of 128 sectors (words) each, a hot.storage channel of 128 sectors, four rapid access loops (U,F,
E,H,) of 1, 4, 8, a=d 16 wmords respectively, four 1-word
C:
al-arithoetic loops (A-,L, ,J,),
•
a!A two '-word-
nput buffer
2
CE/EE/72-7
loops (V,R).
Stions
Cold-storage channels are those maeory locam-
which allow data to -e stored only when they are
enabled by an extermal switch.
from Cum at all
tin-es.
However, data can be read
Hot-storage channels can be used
for storing and rweding of data withwut an enabl
switch.
A loop cnsists of a word or group of uords which are coitlnusllY read ana stored on the disk as it
turns.
loop would be read and stored each vordtze.
A 1-word
For a 4-word
loop, each word is read and stored In four wordtiaes, an
8-word loop is read end storea in eight -voidties.---A wordtine is the asount of tlxe require& to serially read and
store the 24 bits oX a word.
All portions of meior
described
here have been imn-eued in the simlation proo-aa.
4.
The D173 computer parlorios ce-puta-tiLons using the
binary mnt,-sr zyste!- •ith nz
-- ative nunberz b•iJr
in two's co-plenent form (Sig
represented
plus two's coaplee-_ant).
5. l-e instruction set for this coaputer consists of
39 instrwctions.
The m
tewnic
and octal coding for each
astruation is given in Appendix B.
instruction set is
Also included with the
the number of wordtims required for the
ezecutimn phase of ezch instaruticn.
6.
The input capability of the DiT73 compter includes
acceptance of detector, discrete, increiemtel, and character
inputs.
The detector input sets the DR (detector reset)
flipflop to "1" whn a true level is put on the detector
Input 11--e.
Discrete inputs are trut or false Levels un
the d1scr~te iup!ut lines.
Increzental inputs a"
3
sampled
GE/EE/72-7
inputs that are incrementally a4dde to the input buffer
C
loops (V,R).
Character inputs are five bit codes generated
by a teletype or tape reaer and transferred to the D17B
on the character input lines.
7.
The out-its that can be realized from the D17B
cmputer am bi.ary, discrete, single character, ilase
register so-,atus, telemeetr7, emd voltsage outputs.
Binay
outputa are coputer generated levels of +1 or -1 available
on Ate binary outpat hlnes.
A discrete output is a true
level which is put on one of 28 discre-e-output lines.only
one discrete output line en be at the true level at a tine.
Single characeter Is a ccm-_vter generated f ive bit code of
the 4 most signiflcant bits of the accaalator plus a parity
bit.
!he character ouleqat Is nade a;•,-,.ble on output lines
for drivlcode
a elet-pe,
out,=.t device.
ate
p
ch,
orsome other character
F-w-se res-ister status Is the condition
of the paeregister flipf lops which is available for mont toring an outpuJt lines.
Telemetry output Is the bit config-
mration of registers or voltage signals availabea
put 1
for trnsmission to telemetry equipment.
ouVoltage
output Is a cosputer generated analog voltage corresponding
to portions of the accuoulator contents which is made available an output lines.
8.
Special featcrs of the D17B coa'mter inillde
flag store, split--word arith=-etic, and zininized access
(
tning.
Flag store provides the capability of storing the
present contents of the accumwlator
thile executing th-
GE/EE/722-7
next Instruction. Split-word arithmetic Is used in perarttbtetio operations on both halves of a split
0forming
word at the same tize.
of 11 bitso
A split word on the D17B consists
K2ninized access tining is the placing of
Instructions and data in awwry so that they are avaliable
with u1inum
delay from the disk
emwry.
In order to have the DI7B coiwter simalation program
simulate the actual co-pu-er as closely as possible, all of
the foregoing characteristics have been Included-
As a
result of this sinilarity, the. siminulaXI&Firon shows
promise for usefulness as a standard for an operational
D17B computer.
By comparing the results of a test program
provided as input to both the 1---auare and softwam versions,
register 2nd ins trtion
execution rlfunetions in the
hardmare ver.icn can b- detected.
The D17B computer can be loaded
frou punched tapes.
uith progra
and data
Ehe proran and data are plmched onto
the tape by a tape punch and a tape reader la used to
enter tYts info-=tion into the D17B computer.
The sIzu-
lation pogra- is extre- ly helpful In the preparation of
these program tapes vhich are to be read into the DITB
computer.
Mie simulation progras has the capability of
reading the sane Pumched tapes for input data as are used
In loading the D17P coaptcr.
The slnnulation program tells
In the prepaation of progrzm tapes by detecting and loca"
ting Invalid symbol.Piunched on the tape and by deusoda
the pro,7an Instructions.
To~e sioulaticri progran
als
s
a
GE/Eg/7Z2w7
the caphbllity to detect addresses
tht,
Infeaz7)
incalw
ame out of raaro of the Present pm'grm bigriM,
These capabilitiez Lhave saimo~
the D173B capputer alauation
-
Prograa to be very useful.
Thesis RN-1-ins.
Chapter II or this thesis owatains a de-s-.
cription of the strucur
aM oirganiiticm ot the sizua~tion
Progmam.
fte funictions per-Po1=id b'y the min proman and
~subroutines are dice =csed and a description of the 7ariables
*
I
used 1n mriting the simlwaaioa pro
III~ contain
a dewcriptioxl
rm 3gi.-PApe
the sulwAstion laingume iutach
0f
Is used as input data for tie s9usto
1rogr=a.
Methods
for crest~ng reogras to bs ran an the sirmlated, compiter
*
ars gi.-va Emd a M~tb%-,* for creat-ing a shortened vwer.ion of
-
the blimi-ation 1-N%-muag
is prescnted., Chapte-r IV conita~32s
~a listing of the error statenents provided by the simulation
-
PrOgram.
CL'pter V acostains exam~ple progmas %Mhch ftve
been ruM an the
I
is'ula ted. coptr
Several proSS=m axe
liUsted which show the types of output that are available from
the sinuuition progran.
ter aund oota~nau re~
Chapte-- VI Is the coamiuluiing chapw
ations for additions to the siuu-
latiou Promrm to enlarge its capabilities,.
Four appendixes are inclizkA with this the,3is to
provide additional inormation and clarification r& the DinB
COM2Nte10 SiLI~uation description. Appendix A contain %
J
I
listing of the simulation progaa.
-
-
Appsndix B "La a can.
Pilation. of the D17-R Ir..tructicai set, and &. liat11t3 =A
description of the D17B load codes.
6
Apppndiz C contaiin
figurea. for.aterprevin2g the simulation prOgrau output
results for bfr.-y, discree, and voltage outputs.
Appezdix
D supplies Information for using the D17B simalation program
at AfIT.
of the
t
Also inoluded in Aunendix D is a c
en-e
listing
l• •iaaticin lnguagge.
The descrint-on of the D1?B con-puter simaulatin progpram
presented in this thesis assumes the reader has a basic Imowling
ledge of the DI7B conputer and the procedures for
lt.---No attempt is
mae to describe the DIB computer or to
describe D1173B p1ogrzasmn
neethods.
FoG-nLermation Voncem-
ing thtse areas, t-he reader should refer to references I and
References 4,
-
-
5, 7, and S are the rm
information u!ze-' in iiia;the
erencc 4 is a tr-xainir
'n-a1
-
sources of
si-mlattion prograz2.
lefý-
for the D1? co=. ter UihIch
describes the i motons and operations of the computer.
Reference 5 is a collection of figures which show pictor!I
•ally the D173 fumnt.ons end operations.
Reference 7 is
an engineering rarial with a function breakdown of the
logic eqmtions end timinog diagrams of the computer
operations.
contairnin
computer.
. 1.
IL
Reference 8 is
all
an Air Force Tecbnical Manual
the logic. equations iplemented on the DIB
GE/FS/72-7
This chapter describes the organzatias•-strcture
of the D17B computer simulation program.
In writing the
simulation yogram, tbhe plan *was to simulate the actual
computer as closely zs possible.
between the actual
makes it
This close correlation
cr-uter and the simulat•
prograu
possible for a user to use both the computer and
simulation program using only one set of progrma
niques.
ng tech-
Hocever, there are several- areas in the siuxzition
progrm
nhers
a quasi-Mimlation approach uas used.
The
quasi.-sm!ulation approach uses the same register Inputs
and generates the sa-e re.sats, bat the methods of obtainr g the results diffcr.
C
In p-e-nr.•.ng to irite
the sl-,laticn program, several
computer sinulation Ig,&,ges were sti-Aied,
the predominant
one being the Cox-•ute.- Design Lanwp.e (CDL) developed at
the University of
•aryln-d.
This lansLuge consists of
coOPUter elem-ets (register,
is
described in the first
•EAory,
coumters, etc.) and
five chapters of reference 2.
Portions of the DI3 coGpiter simiuation program Vere
ten in COL, but becauie of the
xnavailablI.ty of a CDL
cowAler, a transfor.ation to the FVTM
The siw-0ation progran is
rLit-
langug
um mde.
mritten in the FoRTmN
fttended Language to te run on the Intercom System (teletype) of a CDC 6600 Cosputer syst4m.
the simidation prqo~aa at AFI'I
Instruotios for us-rg
are contained in Appe:iUx D.
Appendix A is a listing of the similation procram.
8
GE/EE/72-7
The DIT3 computer has several. codes and addresscs
wbich it decokcs. and uses i.n locdiner Pnd exe.,citthn
a program.
harnatijh 'Napo (icitch diiagrranis) of' the op3ration -codes,
flair store eodle-;, lotcld codc's, anft chs~nnol ad~dreS.Ses are
sho-*m in Fijzc.
1 anOd 2.
'A2hcsc codes and addresses appear
T~ho oparation code is a
in thc com-puteor in bina~ry formi.
f'our bit codo v~oO to db termrine the11.
ex:ccutcd.
1111
instruction to be
flcag- ztoirc code is a three bit code which
dctmad~ncT, .Ihere flerg st-ore wi-li t-.te olace.
codes are five bit codes usea in
co~mptter.
d~a~-itthe
The load.
--
An instru~ction nd1drcss is a Oevean bit code
thic sector location of the next instruc-
whfich
ctr~:
tion.
¶iho instx-uction ch;annel adress can o-nly bc channged
usjin- a `UrCM'c-for
(by
ins'truction.
is a t2.ebit1 ccde i~hicw'
A nvsbor adareoss
consists of' a. five bit channel
des ignatlon, v&ia a neven bit sector location.
1?OrL~~inSt-rUctions
clo not oyperate on bintary data, a cor-
relation bot-.7ean the oper'ation code,
coile,
flag store code, load
instruction nddress, ancl nu-mber address of' the D17B
comput'Cer aned a nu-Irber~ in the FC')Rl'PAA
made.
Because
prog.ram had to be
This rolationship vwas rade by tntking each, codeo or
address Cand oh ingin- the binary representation to its
equivralent doecirIVO. i'eprosanta'ti.on.
The deciimaIl represent-
ation 'vCas thon usocl vts t~ha dcsl griition f'or the code or
acidra:.!,P in tho
in
XAiy
'ow;ram.
Includled, on the cliarranis
'IU,;.-. I aI-'1; P. Mr0 the 1iAMrWy M'cnrostationq the
cjua~.-oc~ ~'c'rc: t~io
ind. the 1-'GRTIC.d
desigmation.
GVE//72-7
Operation Codes
(C.;)
(111
0%
Y-S~~~!
SAD
O9661- octal Cod*
US
FM
JOftTfAi
besigniletm
!
OIl 1::
MP y
W.
MPM
SMIA
ADD
SUE1
SSu
Oi~uol
S
!W
'(
:
04 X-r-Pec
0;A STO
-R
C
X-Special Instructions
iO
U
(ý:: 1
DOC'
0'):j!
(C."
C
0(
0(1t!
%I
($)
riot 01U
()M )
001
BOB
BOA
VOB
VOA
' , '...HPRI
F
Rso
DOA:
voc
12
IIFC
EFC
-
N
I7
I
t
jLPR
LPR1
C0,1
C3,
I C,
*
LPR
LPR
VI1
IA
DID
0101
0CCo
C
Y-Special Instructions
ONco C C,cý:: j. ýOo!
1:t I
tý
I C c0-¶o) 0011:i
ON-.
--
SAL
ALS
I1
C.
~
SIL
SIR
i~r'
t~j
0"iI"tl1
10
SRfl
C..'
4IS,
SAR
1t?
I
GE/ EE/72-7
Channel Addresses
C3
0C Ocro
L, 02
00
1
0:! 0
20
)
110'.'0
(6&)
U
2
" 17
40
I
02
06
2
c.c'o,)
ci10;1 t
22
26
lizcO.01i
(,2)
Ic(66)
A
2-6
1010 1C0,.,"
42
04
4
C.:
24
0
46"
44
•")
tl
00i 00
16
12
10
Oii
N'IItI
34
16
MUlt
(76)
•E
-
PC
I¢l01
0ttO 10111
(1 )
-..,'.)
,
H
2•
o0 0
oo1
32
30
1
!4
I(72)
1t*1 I . (70)
MOO
35
15
(76.)
(6C.).11":0 Vitio
L
27
I110
IOh
I(oCo0
010101
14
ioioC
N
2-
00111,
?7
3
22
10
I
C2 ttjC
0
O
£U.c:1
(52)
F
:2
E'"
2%
"V
-29- 10100
(5.)
.50
•
C2
Flag Store
Idle
|2
E
i
.v (4.-.....
-C13
.
I
•
e•aucede
leCode
OU81 0.4*t~ai1
F
50
JTeienetr,
L
U
H
SBa
Load Codes
C,
SC.,
S(03)
Ha•i
it
QI:•. 00 (c,'/)
Location
ICO
o,'
W~
Comrput
Enter
J' ( 10
o
0
f .'.,
Verif.y
Fill
.)
D00101
Cleor
Cp,
SFig.
2.
~
tVech Di•ra,'*.w of Ciawnal AddrocsseG and Flag
Storo and Load Codes
j
GE/AE/72-7
A quasi-octal representation of the codes and addresses
can be ria-de by
'
cona'--;"'snd°
Waing the binary reprq,eue,,-.ntion.
I
-.
verting to octal.
is necessary to a.ssume pseudo-zero
It
The quasi-octal represenbits in slpecific aoo.ztiona.
tation is discusscd. in the Dl7fl Computer Programning
was a~so:
Manual (Ief 1:8). '2The samo type of corr.tion
'
used in doei natin- a sector location in thq FOI,_YRA1.i program.
Fig.
sheui,
the corrcl.'ation that- wias made between
the -- loop, .- loop, U-loop, B-loop, H-loop and a spctor
location.--
I
I
The concept; usd in writirqg the simulation program was,
Provide: the same Idata to the
to have the person using it
program as he would if
in the lA-.boratory.
using thý actual! computer
he wcr
The switches must bo turnod to thc
loading
proper positions to a,-,,pi•1
anct
con.butgIg.
The
clata must bc error' free to successfully execute a program.
The type of display (register or memory) is speciflqd by
the user.
The D173 computer simulation program consists of a
The .rniil program is 'a
main program and eight subroutines.
comipilation of thrce distincý "sections each of which ýerforms a major function.
These three sectioAs are the
roading atnd translation cction, the nonco:nputo mod• co4 hows the proL
4.,..
tion, and the co:mip'te node v01tion.
,,ran: flow botwoenl rhone -OCt~iou- of thr, iftai• program and,
tho sitbroutines. ....
'J'ho oi
n~rnz.Iioui
'
,
II
,
nd. ,:lAructure of .•)-ch o01
12I
12
tho.C;
.
6w
ne
'1
GE/EE/72..7
..
.1
,V-LOOP
.
L LOOi
SSCTR"
.
'1 0
001
002
003
0
0
I4. TfAN
1
0
1
0
1
2,
1'
2
2
2
3
1
2
4
1
4
3
4
5
6
4
5
5
6
7
6
7
3
3
1.
1-
4
5
ORT AN
3
o04
005,
5
6
9
1
u006
7
2;
007
8
3
010
011
9
10
0
1
1
2
0
1
1
2
10
11i
1012
11
2
3
2
3
12
-11
,12
13
,14.,
3
• 4'
1
2
3
4
5
4
5
16
13
14
15
12
13
15
• 16:
2
3
,6
7
16
15
4
7
17
17
0
18
,19
20'
21
1
;2
3
0
2
0
1
16
1
1
013
014
""(0 '
"016
017
020
021
022
5
1
2,
2
3
4"
,,'1
i . ". ORTRA,•';
1•14.•d FQ•
)
000
-LOOP
E-LOOP
023
o024
1
2.
"3
::6;
7.
7 "
0
V05
'1
"
1:....8-
•
9
10
14
*2
3
4
5
2
3
4
2
3
4
5
3
4
2
3
*4
0
1
0
1
10
9
I
I
.
170
(1,
,121.
171
122
1
2
1
2
11
10
2
3
2
3
12
it
173
11't2
123
1524,
3
1 4
3
13
.12
174
125
0
1
4
5
14
13
,4
175
'126
1
2
5,
6
15
14
176
17
1.7'
'128
2
3
3
1.'
6
7,
7
16
17
15
16
"•'• , .
3t
'
;
fc.,r
~natioin
O
8
3 .; a.,•lo'.',..l
ndl lhAAW.-Word I,0oo1)11
V0,I
13
GE/EE/72-7
00
00
c
-~I-
E
CL
EE
no-
o
10
Ae
oo
0
-J
000
93
4
~
a.
0
I-I
~
0
J2&
.;
11fe
422-0**
0
GE/ES/72-?
of the main progran win be discussed along with the f
Stiouons
p
orzmed by each of the subroutinen..
-
The v•arlables
used in creatfrg the simulaticn program are also listed with
a sbort desciption of how each is
Readinif, azA T
nSeetci
The reading a-ad trazz-
the tr•n•ls-ter
end Interpreter portion
~
lation section is
used.
of the si=0lation Irogran.
All Input data is red,
inter-
iwetedq. and traslated in this portion of the =In program.
A tranf
er of opmtion to the n-oncowate node or one of
the subrout4bies is
vad
to utilize this data.
The pro-
ra~3ing language accepted as valid 6ata by the stmlation
progran is described in detail
chapter III of this
thesis zAd ivill not be discraced. in tha following, descrimtion of the rc-1ndrt
trcrlaio
section.
The reading and translation section is
located at the t
nn•in
of
th
]-ysically
e sion. ateion prstoua.
When
the sin•nation program is lad-ed for execution, execution
begins *-t the start of this section.
The first output
produced by this section is a headikn
containg the
•
name of the simulation progr=,
the dae, and the tine
at
The remainder of the reed-
the begining o,'voexecuticn.
inga•
trand slation section is
Interpreting, and translatin
responsible for the reading.
of input data.
Input data
Is read as alpabetic or ni-eric characters (]bllerith).
This data is
then interpreted as octal or binary data, a
load code, a switch detigration (set-ing), or a niscellaneous
K
S!
~input or oo=-armd.
E15
The miscellanieous inputs or co=;nds ame
•
G~E/RE72..?
I
F
ILI
GEA/EBI2-7
F
a-as,
Mot
OE
LOn
Q-1-
Fe..
Pi.6
Sic
ntep-avo
l
J-cal
GE/if?2-7
I
--
~
L--z
-1
4T
_________
I
I
I
-.--
____
J"
GVU/E72-7
responsible for a variety or timations whiich Incilue the
0
following:
register and rje=1ory display, discrete data,,
IncreentI data,, setting of flipflops, and mode tracing.
If data is interpreteia as oct-al data,, binary data, or
a load code, a tranhslatioA is r=ade from t~he holler-11h
reekesefltatio!1 tc binary integer data c~msistimE or I's
end 0O--.
Thils binary iterdalan
Is then supplied to the
noracorwiite mode of th-- sirlud-tatiol projzren where it is
utilized.
A switch designation re.~uits In a switch varia1 .ie
bein~g loadad with the designation.
8731-fcellareolr
inpait or
conaand data re~buits In either the sto-I-ng- of input data or
the flazzinrs (settin!: to 1 or 0) ar varizblez iuhich control
progreu flow.
F
harlt
the ora~io
Vie readlmL and t
thru 7.
an& ~.sttm-.ýuO
l~~ser-tioa are sh-s;.n in 71irs.5
Fig. 5 s~xwis the interaction amd in'terpretative
ca~blyox" the sinulatian ppraorap-:
extensions of the flowchart. zls-oio
Figs. 6 *An
in Yi.5
? alre
2nd shoir the
results of Interpretation of switch dasi,-atins eaid Ixter.pretatior- ol' niscellavneot=
inputs an-zi co.-ms
No-Con'.orzte 21,01
This SectiOii of Wse siwiiatinn
1aec-tin'i.
program zi=Lada-tese the nt~ncanrpite zzole of the 017B co~putar.
The nonemoipute raode can bp divided into tvuo cate-c'ries each2
performain-s a m-jor functior.
Theos
coapute load and n4.nco=zrut-a nanload.
fimeat ion corqrisze
'snc bit
one
th
11"
tU-o c:-ýter~oriez are non771e non-cormpute nonload
fol Xo.iirr ncakc.:
;sT-c tit
i9
2;rze:.ýre to operate',
cw~tr2,~laia
at
CE/EHg/r2-7
and gprogrsa haltm.
C
control
Iii the prepare-to-orperate mode, mode
Mlpflops ear~ initialized.
i)uringr syna, -bit counter
1 anCi 2 modes, a synchmnoitzlng be'te-een the clock track bit
counter and the bits of a uord Is z.a-de.
Trhe cmuul halt
sol2e is used Ai\r idling, p-zeparing to load, and preparing to
compute.
The proaram halt mode is entered b7 execution
of~ a progran halt 1-siusrution.
Tin
no-nconpute load JOfunction
aIt 2 , eprepeve to
Is nade up of'
ALthe folla~irz modes:
senpe',
samie codew,
8 I~rity
3 and. Oprocxess code'.
check%
.7%e w~ait rwde is used for idlivdata.
kic
-fa-inu
The prerere to sanple mode is centered when data is
detected on the inwt lines.
In thespe
code aode the
Input data is read.
;.:7e par-it7 chcl =ode Is used. for
t-e tC.-e
T.
c~eclinz the hinz,,ut data for ode- pai-
ý Ac-~
node the input data -i: dccded ani proJ-ýzzed zccordinL to
the deciphered code.
Pini-. 8 Is a flow-h-art of Ithe
,eibich
tczae
showj the pro.-r-an flow- betixen t~m~ze r_-des.
This flowcimrt
uass ured In writing this 1-rt of t~he simulation prqZra=.
Kg.8is dre--m as a_ reitch d'Aai3-ar with t-he node control
Mlpflov ztzt~eu as tliu~
trac~~
hroh
var'Lz%-b~cz.
the nonce:;pute Z~Oi5
-P an aS." in
zection of thee sirni-l~ati~rn
progran, tUse modc- control flipflopz hvve been inclu~ied as
bein- set to r 1 l or ',00.
~iplom~e1~ ~iia1yset,
in. 'Ue C-imlIdatlen
Fnrl.-
In the D~?3 cc rt-,ter Ithese
hcn.,evcr, they war
~1
20
not needed
osf the5 rcq1u1ýst!
tl
GR/AE/72-7
w 4w
0
4___
_
'2
cc
I_
&4c
g
a
at
C.
r
II
00
FI.
a.
2.fI
0
20z
*'
Lcd
21
Flowj
-et-o
;
ON/EE/72-.7
H eA~
PREPARE TO COMPUTE
owedI
SUBKODE
ID=Oc
I
104J
I
o
ws~m
maw
I
j
I0I
£
0
C~O
2 OIDE~
mawK
;oBý"ur4.
-REPAR
TO
LOA
I
S-,~v
S~nw
Kal
Nod
9
FniCh
1
IPROCESSI
CODE
I
OCTAL Data
LOATO
vERIFse S
PassRA
HALT~V
DELETE
'ocs
as"
It-re
~
Jcc
E3
~~cir
that occurs in a W4Rrea'lN yaroj-aa.
TWo adltic~iam
f I.ures,
PigS. 9 mA~ 10 havc been included Yaicn give a -further
bremkdo--m of the rroguy-an flm, in the ~Rnual halt* mods
of nonco-Lpute nonicad and In the 0%rocess core* wede of
noncompute load.
go~t Fcde Seqtjioix.
IW-cgraza siwdaite
tvAc sect'.on of the siumilation
thc ca=-it-- mode of the 1)17B ca=- uter.
The com~pute node consists of moles viblc~ perform fivre
major functions:
snum-ber search-,
Int;9er read",g
"Instruetion-sea~rcn', winstruction reaV,
"-l "executem.
The mnriber search, number read,, instruction sea-ir., arad
Instructio~n read nod-e.s are eq7%xivalent to the "etch cyce-r
associated u-ith otr~her cc-puTLc~rs.
ralent
to th~e ex-ecute cycle.
The execut-e 3ode is equivi
-'uber search
2An
Instunction
search 1ox-tz Vie Eiz t-- =ýz in
Uo~
hj le =-~bar read
and instrumction reazi uodth~e locatca word fr03 memory
into a re~ister.
~Rxcute res-u1ts in the execution of one
of the 39 instruct1.ions In the Instructicn set of the D)175oonputer.
Zrea-
The ccmp~itc uroZ. secition of the siclaltion pr~o-
sas usri tteni usluZ ase a~bove functions.
uAhich shthi
tUe
A flowschart
fr~a
l.= in thne eowxite mode section
is given in ?i-. 11.
S~Oit1~~.
ie sub-outines as-seci'--ted with th.e 017B
compputcr sizmulat o1.
g-ram were -,dofor v1iree purposcs:
Thoze fimctioais i
throu7-.h the po
ui~
ere- ieeded several tints
r~i ere craat'd az stforautines.
)up
RUWLER
S EARCHI
j
READ
It
*
Sr7
:1 1MCT
*mKE
-%I
w KALIH
It
waIe
leLscinFoc-r
OREtfj?2-7
£
Subroutines falling into this category are Subzroutine MOAD,
arid Spubroutine DsPIAY.
subroutine liD
-4-
~2.
£
Those functions uhich are only jalle4 from3 one
wht
dich ars or su~ch importanace
place in the ='An progzram,
and imagnitude that a setmarte lo6ation is beneficial in the
o1¶ganiration of the simulation progran.- Subroutines in this
category are SubroutL.ne STORE., SV..outii~e A'AGS703* and
I
1~7~Y
~~:ubroutlne
-3
qn~ently'.
iTose functions 'Which- ~i.not
be u~sed very fre-
Therefore thn'y could bx-reoe
dX4qtw -sbU-t
program If It *.asdeiterziaedý that t~hey :wvre not really needed.
This wculd res-ult. in z~decreazed nmeory core siize needed fbrexecution of the sioliation, pmZranr.
to Utilize
all201
the i
catez-ory ame Suk.imn
A -ftsori!)t~ica
subroutlmor v&i'1
11-o01ever, to be able
iconZeat Of the
M.:ým
Dip,7 c~tiputler a~d
?nd Subrioutine !;--
of the 1Tunetioni _erfored by
be jiven.
t
ft--
The ordier of exuylzamtioc1 is
the
order of appearance on the progream ]listbig located in
(.&TO) inztý,.uctiors rhich L.tares the UonteinLs of the accxu.ilztor i!.: Zh
n_%i-vy a~dr-ess
the in-.7tritetion re:'isc~e'.
;if en !-n "AtS 12 thiru~l of
A rnor--'sl loaiin;: of m&zory ils
pazrfriaeii for till cN-,an-c1 iacrai 7_-.!onz e±icejit the sir-Lie
ut>rdwr=ezC.Ca1CLnpid
Aell
chames
25I
S
GE/E/72.-7
72;R-lop)
o loopus.
Th
stry-instruction cann~ot stolpe in single
Storage, in ch1,Anels- 70 a~nd 72 provides th~e
D1L7B with real tire control.
*
Storage in chnannel 72 results
in a iiho-le vtord addition -of the accum-ulatow' contents. to
the ad~d essed word of tie: u-Ioop if
flipflop
(FO)~Is 101 Set.
takes pla7,ce.
the fine countdoimn
If F~is 01
set, a nnrmzl store
Stopa-:e in~ cbhannel'.72 resullts in a Ppliz word
addition of the acb.,mThtor contlents to t,-he addressed word
of the H-loop i f i C i s ::0 setr,
it
allozzed."
if PC Is 712 set n.a store
T'hi!;s -broutifie ca:n deteat-errneGUS -vrudh
settins r:hich ter.-Ainate
:ibro'i-.
Ae
the,-ýMpanrt~nt
T-his
r)
~in
the main
P rovides the fun "Aon
of lo"4ainv the cbntecnts' o1r t:ia 6.cuna-or in..o addressed
menor.7 locatio-s,
by
'the area-- or;,ýsnryi tlat can bee loaded
Mhe subrautinne a-ra:
20 cold-s tora~e r-ezory emaxmels
(channels 0-0 thmru 4i.
thostrge
e
e.-017 comp-nel (chan-: nel -50)2 clmn-nel 2(!-o)
cihrannel 54i (F;-loop), channel
56 (F.-boop), am-d chznncrl 60 (U-loop).
7'his subroutime can
also datecit erronieo-tz, s-.idtch settin~;;v:iichq will ter-.minate
the progrnm mim. A~ call Is =-dt t~hissurtiefm
both the non-ou-te --de SectLion and the compute mode section
of the m~in ywo~zra-.
*
j~brranltbieoi'7
This s'wrouin
prraform-s Uthe fumc-
iion of unlbnadin:: zn* ad-essed w-rd of mermory In to the
-
S
-re~as ter.
Te innonm~a ion zun~-.2deAd is' th.en- ved either
*
2?
~
,,.4ct~.,&
-
-
-X
GE/Eg/72-7
as an ins hr!ctlor. or an operard number.
This subroutine
can unload data from all z.Adressable memiory chazzinels
*
Data
unload~ed from c~hainels 7C and 72 is incremenotal data used
*for
real time cont11rol.
if the channmel designation is
either 70 (vI-looP) Or 72 C"'-loop), one of tw:o possible actions
can take p'lFace.
Pcr. ti-e I-loop, if VK (incremental iniput
flipriopl is 102 set then nor-nal un-loading- occurs, houever,
if 4K is *I' set thlen the one's co~plezment of the V7-loop
is iloAded.
The same conditions apply to the Il-loop and
the settings of -_1K (5incre-mntal input 4i
oYThib
-sub-
routine cain*detect out, of range co-nait-ions- for thle coldstore-Sc and hot'--s toraý;c z'erory cliannels.
.ubroutiine ?
tion. of decJip)-,ri=n*
2r.This
subroustine pe:!rfornns the11
fn-
flavr sst-ore location~ bit- (bits 17, 1Sq 19)
of the L-tstructicmrc.ittn and. sterinX Ithe contents of thia..cu~ib-at~or in t~he dci-ohir-ed cba-inmel at tkhe sector addre~s
associatcd -An-the excciti-Aon of the present, instructionz.
The fl.ý. store codes pr~
channels:
efor storinS in tVic
uori
hotU-s tora~e raenory c1-±aniicP~l (channel 50), chrannel
52 (-*--loop),, chv'-anel 54 (!i-loor.). cia-_el 56 (E-loop),
channel 60 (V1
.nd chwirral 6'*. (I-regis ier).
i'Mie
-emainrz tz~o flag stoure possibilities are flag store
tele.-kr;-r
sioal an~d _Clag, store idle.
Stih'wt~i.le DiJVi:ýY.
Cubfroutine2 DI.S.PL*Y provides the
simuPlation pro7ram with the cnapability of displa.7ins the
binn-ry co--rAen2Ls ofl all ra-ist~rz nnd loops.
28
Thnis -jubrow'.'11ne
iGE/EE/72-7,
has wo entry points, 111THY RM1 and EiTRY PRM2.
Entry point
liU1 is called from the readiL: and translation'section of
the main program and performs the function of interpreting
the argments given with the register command.
An argrment
consists of a register designation enclosed in parenthesis
iMlediatelyv followbnrg a register coup~hd.
ment exists) the
If
a valid arg-
a-•lable llegistr is set to one.
Registr
being one set allows the min program to denote a register
or loop to be dizplayed.- A call to entry point REG2 is then
Mads to deerveine if
should be displayed.
the contents of -that,,-rA=
jter--or loop
REn-try point Ri-2 checks to see if
the
register or loop was specified in the register command arg-et,
-
-
if not a return_ is made to the
was specifica thuen its
c~rteni.f3 -ill
in
prcfTm.
if
it
be displayed as outz-ut.
SbotL'~
':~.This
subroutine pro'ides the c&eability of dispilaynr'; tl.e contents. of ne-ry (0hann-=!s 0
thr-u 30) ubenever the
cr"ycoz---n
is specified.
Ro
entry into this subroutine a check is mAde of the memory
cov
ar-d
•
t
OCV1l Or biu~ry.
to determine ii
the display should be in
~aienmory co=-n-& argumen-t consists of"
either BI"-.RY or !.'XL balng enalosee in
iately follo-in,
a m•eory coaAnd.
If
,arentt.es., vie-
no argunent %as
spezified, the default condition of OCML is used.
In
dir"playinlg the contents of Denor-y, only those portions of
iemorY
Vlit have been written into since =caory was last
initialized -ill be zsho.n in
the out-ut listing.
i.ezory is
initialized by .m'.itin:; t-n deciml 9's into each word of
29
C-E/EE/72-7
t-emo!y.
Crcontents
'This ccondi tio'n is then ch'-,cked to &eA-ruine If the
have c'han'-ed, and if
they have, the cchtezits of that
location are Printe,& as output.
Žb2;;
)3~3*This
subotn
provdes the cap-
abili tyof ene
ingdi~screte date and storing it for use
in a Proranr uzinr thne discrete input Instructions (DIA or
Dfl3).
uotieDIZSCSM-!Z has two entry points, r"I'TY DISC
and MITRY D-1~
En try po-int DISX is called~ to interpret
and tr~iislate- X-.r-is crete i--u s and -s tore them 1for use
daiap~ro_-r,input.
A ~aimmr
mu:.
19 13its make up each -X-discrete
of- twn X-dilseratee input requests 13 allo-wed,
because t"Im stomrages rea data array in the ?F3~iRIRAU
iz; dizen.ic.'-e-d for 10.
Fntr~y
pi-n±i
;r:;i c-Iled to interpret and tran-s-
late!-ci~c~teinput1s
consis ts of 2, hi ts.
r&ques ts is a-DLO-,
In the
Ti
ZZIr,am~.
the stsrasge are-a C-Pta aarmy
proj;,:crrim izs dinensioned. for 10.
-fhis .ubroutine prLovides the cap-
Ability for ei.t-crin..
lincrerental data into the fotmr wcrdis
r t!he_ four words of the 11.-loop.
I~G-~2~~ icas ti;o en try poxbit
Satr-.
Pol~t- __;
:cach Y-discreta irnvit
m*- uz of ten Y-discreete inpuat
boc0r
~
of the '-lo
program
L~inaT~
Ir.C3
ejd
Subroutime
Z7TT2Y IIX";.
is czJle-1 to Inter~rm-t m%- translate
30
H
GEEE/ 72-7
causes -lord 0 of the R-loop to be loaded with the new data.
I•.)
Additional Inputz fill
!data.
Nord 1.
ot 29
and word: 3 withne
This sequence can cmntinue indefinitely.
Entry IC-1 is called to intnrpret and translate V-Increvental inputs and store in V-loop.
input request is composed of 24 bits.
Each V-incremental
Four V-Increwmtal
input requests f1121 the foiw words of the V-loop and
additloi"ri
input requests cycle through the four words
agpin fillivn
then with-ne-- data silar
31-mu1atio!I Kmr- Vari.ables.
to the R-Ioop.
This section contains a
compIation =1 -descr!iption of the varWables used. In the
D17B ce.-nutr si.nL-ation progr.
A conplete alv1betica1
listr-! is r•-rde of the variables ulth desci-iptions of their
am r-n uses -.IthinV.
te pogra.
Several of the variables bhave
*
been used for nore Utm cue Iimction.
as baying no rizzr
ge.
Fort these
They are described
artticular variables
and several other., the reader should refer to the computer
printout and note the use rm
they lave been uscd.
of them in each Instance
The variables dhat ere in this categor
are distcsced at t,e end of this section.
*
Each of the -ariailes in the simulation prog=an are
Integer variab•les or1 have been declared as such in an
PIT-Br-
stateLemn,
except the variables "Volts' and
"Voltage" t•-3iih are real variables.
The
ast•r.
nd description of the variables Is a•
follous:
-"
A(24)
- Acc-'--l-tor, consists of 24 bits.
3
GE/EE/ 72-7
'borrow flipf lop.
-Carry,
B~li~IY
inaxy=-O represents octal desisnation.
2_n~Iry=1 rep-resents 'bi7]ifijý-esi~gnation.
-
C(5)
-radchannel
CD( 5)
-
regi-ster, c6nbists o-. 5
Cýpammd channel buffer register, consists
o1f 5 flipOflops, copies thie 5 least sigizificznt bits of instraction register,
f~or 71'special
Contains
_C
2
ins t-.Utions.
channel designation.
22iT
Us-v& ranilY for
-
-U
-
rrd iou code
dzsigat-ion.
Cc';;-24~C2,2)
rz~istcrs used for storage and
r-~'~ti~nof inro.-mation in1 Prozra:'.
-Cozacm.
T?5
c~;~lre_-ister, consists
7-Lhs~cion
Di):'crete otutru';%nazistmer, consists of"
D(5)~
5 f Ub
qpz~.
i)i~cate _-Itch.
-
DI:;Z;^-
&t to '? :-uh-n out-pt u7lU be disp~ed
to hia speed printer; set to "lo other-
D2-(eeto-raa
i-loopccnsist
?-Loot&, conz-ists of a. iords*
-
FM
nit
-
-
.lvstomre
-
~~
ot.o:
uords.l
eettor desi--=tor.
z~~a hl
32
rode to F_; or L~
(3B/Ec/72-7
switches to amnual halt mode.
Ci
GO3)
Binary outmat regi!ter, consists of
3 '*Ii--flo
-
*
-O
consists of 16 words., ;
H1(16)
-
H-low,
IH*LTj
-
Data word cantaining, hollerith
charactews rAAALUT.
HC.D3(03)
-
Data array which contains hexidecimal
c~,de 1'or nizaers 8 thru 15.
1(2'J)
-
Inmstr z.'Ion rjteconsists
2-4 nlipr'l-ps.
-.
I~iL. ~
C- tabn.cl-a~
iii
Iii~Z
-Set
t
.-
of
z72L1')!desiZ~aiou
FeCharical in-mat s-.itch.
in
S'nitch, to -miul
maiihl
ode to flag 11N
nlt
Sav%- to Cas-lZmae nemory data to be-
un!,ade into !ns truc t&io'z- re-sister
rather tiL-m m~Z-.ber r~zir
Is ~
-Cont-ins
for
trw-snission lines, caiitcins the
lj bits of imror-s-tion arA a parity bit
which mkae up the input data foa' ctal
ana lead cedes.
Ii~(In-oinut
Conpute mole saiitch..
-
thre-e*%sition
Set to 1 by an UPY! bisracticm,
used in
prox-3an cont-ro-1 after an Hi~ii instructlon
has bz-e.'i e:,eclitA-.
H- I i-
-
"433
calculated e.AiL!-H desi~rition.,
smtr'uic-tionm sector.
.et to I b.7 -- H."-a instruct'on, use~d to
fl~-M:
switch. to zX05mran imlt L-Zd!
GE/EE/72-7
Set to 1 in im.nul halt mode to fliag X
K-Ai~f-
Q
suitch or 7 sigm: to mawial halt mode.
L(24)
_iuztr
onsiTe
-Lo-wer
-
-
o'f 24 bits.
ontains nmb~er of executIoiis specified,.
has a default of 50.
omt±x Uthe mizber of exzecutiomi in
co:.qpt;e6_ ýodaa and cow!mres with t&m
rn'vbg~r specified.
;emory storag;-e arrmy, con:sists of 268-3
;"Ahich inclrdes cold-storage and
~sores
hot-ztoivý--e mzx~ry.
T;(12892!)
--
DIst.a
crrvy ~-aith X'ZISC1-.coda design~ation
for load codes.
to be in
-codv; set- t,- 2 viihn :--SCiI:-code
s~et to 3 ~ithn
raa,6 frt32
coic S.s to be rea~d from Tape_-;
too0 tt en!d of 1-ce
:-et to I1.-IneCn irim.A is
_Ve
44~~
2 ZCII.'
is
to be-
~~
re-set
(;;mz-ntpar7 on
-S-z.;c'Ch
::umber
yt)
ra.-isto', ecnsists, of 24 'bits.
r.iv!%I ew~.
otzdinimr hollerith
-
desivp4ion
Zii~d;;c~lcv"atedi~h
for cj-raiqd chzxrlel.
at ccom
DaThta w;ord
of 73.
c
ii~
S et to 1Lin a -ii-pp
-
~'r~
t~a~~hen Iattal error
rra te.r--ir.-ates rw
h-.- been.~
ujxan ret~rn to t,:zin r~ri
GE/EC/72-7
VIN1ES
Qinitialize
Data vo-id containing 9999999999, used to
-
memory -and detect out of
range conditions.
HLIST,
Nix'aiz2
i~RE(1O)
-
-
-
-
Integers
Data array containng declivuothru 9, used in detecting valijd
avrgumient In execute command.
-
D)ata wiord containing~ hollerith
terr
(2.
CIMM
itra z~rray contahnin- hollerith
ckmracters of the registers and loops,,
In di-splay-Ing the contents of loops
-
-uzed
and regis ters.
Data wordl cor tainiin
.
cracter
MP.7133-
A
1IS3G
---
--
hollerituh
Co-atairas calculatcd,?~3~
~for
desi-f3nation
opera'id sector.
ini saverl dii'remr~t a~iair
V-sUa
Vu*1;-hout
Wi(27)
-kt
~~~)72)
OM
-
a
y f or L-t er pre t I
a~r-. u:s:cd ~in
4r-ta, ma".tch settIng-Ss, and eow-na-jds
A
ara
s-ed to store 72 ciparacters
ofintiut data1 -shich ame to be intervprateil.
Ci r~tion-coc1e -.Wrage regi-ster,, cons~ists
of l4 fliicpslz-'.
Data iz-ord contairnZ7 holl-crith
chF-ncters %
-Data worod conttaullz;: Octza±
i(3)-irer:ier
Ona.
con'sistzs of 3 fii~s
35
GE/WS72-7
thirough prozrazm.
0PR1
Power or-/of f switchl.
-
2-loop, 3ineremental inp~ut loop
P.(4)-
conlsisting o-1 4j to-rds.BEGUiO)
RMEIST
.~ryw-1Aic Is set by register coZrmn21d
to display those reAisters and loops
kiven as arigtmen-ts.
-
-
RI
Va-riable ui'hich contains the code of the
register or loop that has juist changed
Comt-- mrini r ofiremetlios
R2-looP, reset to 1 at coimt of 5
Ri:
RUM
SO(O)
to
incramenta'1 fi ipx' op, can be set
to 1 or 0 by prZ~s input.
-R-loop
~- Data tzr
-
c~ofntgaimn5 hollerith
merrster, corsists of
3'3a- co-dz br~
3 fip~~piued, in cawacatirZ locazticn
to -;±-ich
oeull Ai~ take place.
lsed imirP-1
'ECT~~
to contain FOHr2A43
sector
desi~tallion.
SIGNAL
-.
SIR3La
iaLeset oy s~rsal coiw-,nd, if' set
to 1, inodess of operation will be traced.
D-Data word cont-a-imirr bollrith.
C-hamacters WSfl--IS1.
T
Tii=-nz-,sgnl
TRAS
-Set
TZICý
-
(zonentary on).
to 1 b-y TAinsatrction, used In
controllinm
,ror operation after a
.- A iciar'i
oa has been executed.
et,
I. in *.:,it m~de, used to flaL
36
GE/tE/?2-7
U
lpconsists
--
;--loop,
or 1 word.
bicrermental input loop which
conzists of 4j uords*.
Counits niribei' of incrementaf biputs to
~-lopreset to 1 at count of 5.
71
-Toop
l
increnantal fliptlop,, can be set
tcD 1 or 0 by p~rogram~ input.
oittprat regi~ster., consists of
8
£~2Ons.
!c()
-Voltaire
-
arizable ussed imn calculating
namlog
voltn.- _ desiirnated by ccnent- o
armay -LAich contains nm~berrs iz.ed
-DMitt
i-riable -..hicb is set to the num~ber of
~I2-
t,....r ;se recv -red for e~e='&Ao..
i
Z(1,0).-
-
Xl-
rrv- -L-ichi stores _:.-disCreta
e
C'L
nvut; ;L
Co-mat.Z number of X-discrate inp~uts,
rsaximm of" 10 is a~lloed.
xi
-
CoIMts Pn=be-r of -X-discrete in=-ts -iised
in ror-0-ain rhe
-ater than ;U it
assiz:.* ralue of -,I.
y(Pi4vio)
-
Skri-w
imich Ztoras Y-c-iscrete input, data
to
used in pragram rt m.
Y-1
Y1
~
-
Comits, ninbeer of Y-discretee inpaits,
a;'~iof 10 iro allod.
-
Comulitz: ntz-b.-r. of
Y-dizscrete inq-ts- rzsed
in
GreateOr thsn YI it
prOFI-rms uh-C
3?
GE/JZ/7.a- 7
ZERO-
De!t-
mr0d contalunhi,
o:t&IL zero.
The Liajor portion of the variatles-imcludA'in this
listin~g bave the same neam as ipsed ift the 1)17?Boýditer
literatmw6.
?ort
co.-arison puarposes, tha reader Is referred
to the doci--enitz
-.-rtzULa.g to the D)173 coaputer listed In
the G&Ylicgrsr21y.
Ozer 6:110-Il1;4)
The follavisg variables. some of whick appear In the
above list.Ir-S. have, been =iz2d Ia. several different apiplication3 In the siraulati"on program:
UN~
Ia
a
a
a
yr.
and 11 61
n!ess
;ocie' 9o
W.
Se~tI
.0
-
RC?7',
-
ifKera*3
variables have been pointed out
for those interestea in wadifyiwz; tie alwalation progrew
or for those Intp-restrc4 in ithti~Uo
sim1Iatloa
projram an a diffei-ant c~trsysteis.
A descript;ion. of tbie or Zaization eid structure of the
D173 ~optr
chipter.
~
~
or-mg
h-t
bceen gived In this
Vie naxt iarza to be covered Is the sinulaticn,
language accepted by thie sizmulation Jprqggram.
GEAEE,'72-7
Ill.
ADM~
=,e~2i LJ-S=Ja
QcmuVg!ýr
This chapter describes the sivjation-!3vi-tv~ undere Mr-M-4 coitcr*k
by
stood43 and acceptea&t
sxmUatiort Prop'ua.
"mhsiulaust-on Ung-unge- Is tl1,, input iata to the siprnlaz.&-z
progra~z.
the --imiiated wmm-t sd ar,%
.Fe-t--oi for
disciassed aoIi-.- rdith a smeL~t1 far' ci'estJ!- a sbortene&
verolsn of the gsiEz~d;Lz.m '2=~-3a. Error detectira capIV.
axie prsented in chapter
ro~~
abilities of Me
Chaloter V wil Vr*:se.t so
exrezples of pmrzar~s that
hava becen run almr, uat± the t-pcts of otzt~t that. are availFor parposes of prese-at-ationk, the sir'iitioa progmen
lazig-
a: Is divIdL4 I~nt- tý-.e foloA.In
an&. lozA~ Cv)¶irZ, w3tehfYXv ez1commmrs.
categgorleu:
ibr
±'-o¶ i mputs andJ
A Cssempt-icn of ths cemants ofP Use slundation
22r=-~ein eachl ol- %l!ese cate-Zories wIll be F,-.ven along uliih
gtideli-,ez for uisln! eaich.
ie!_*
Rimbers and 7,2ý
v~oeptsl by t
simizlatiom pro:-,'-a~ ame:
Octal. ac-ibers
-0,
-
It
2, 3P 4,
5S
6, 71
0, 1
Binszyrn2er
Lo--vd Cv-les
Te 3rkbesr sys tes mA~ loat coddes
CeXPiag
RAIM, WLo.TIO2S-2 FMLL V3IER,
A,j C1&I D2!.ST' (L descxrjtric- of
"'h
i/oad. Cocz:: Is givieu !.u Ji-pexndi. h)
nI
'Three differenit representziiZ1lons of Ulm nwubersa~r
OC-TAL, dg Y or
coler can be specia"lic'. By ,ifin
lwU~ ani ootal repz-ýsrntat~on. a %1iLm" -.pr.en1taltiomt or
35F
cd
GE/EE/72'-7
an ASCII representatior. of the numb~ers and load codes Ican
be used.
T'he representat.ion of te
numbers pzi4qG1ca
codies
in the three specifical.1ows are as foUotws:
Octal
-
-ýepre-eritatlwio
R
3
Ruibert-
C
10000
2
00010:
5
101011
6
10110
7
001117
HEid-
Zcdodes-
7-Lw
Binary
sDen!tation-
C-:.
T
ASCII
"ipeetat
on
0
-2
01000
8
11001
9
11010
<
01h11
-.
WhenEz
C-ý!sisL
pecif''ed
Az~Cl :~aret~t1.
4.0
uj-,3
?.z
.qw--bers
and load codees
n
ust
-b
bn
h
ba-eas to ba runi on thne D)173
:~caitr ire in t~he ASCII representation.
The defaul~t
specificaktion 5s CCTAL.
*To
terminante ani octal or !binary representation, aUl
that is i'equireii is to zspiebify. another- representation.
ant A';CII representation renuires that the letter
ter;inat
be supplied after the last
8H
'TO
5C1inputsmbl
Doing
this w~ill cause the pro!;M!.- to rtv.ert to the octal represientatioci or binary representation -Aichit had before
The default srecification is as~d4.a.
in~ pr`Qgrra!Z
ter=r2'mat'_Gn, ,if
or if
Swi
ro'results
the p-azcr swit-a is turned off,
is svecifi ed.
c
8With. th-e sirlulatiolk lngmge in this Category it
is n ossible - to sneciIr
-itohle- and designate a setting, or
p~~.
code_ MeSmuto.
nain
A-ii~i
i-2 accept~s these s-;-itch desig-
and Provides -this i~iforP--vion to prog-am variable:,
associatved '-'ith the sw:itcher.
TIAle form for spe~cifyir
-
sithe
is as followas:
where s-dlitc~h is the desifxated cwritch iLnemonic nane, and. iirr
is the e-.itch settin4 or Lxxe position 'of the switch.
-
Te switth'es ad.1 allc,ýed. sett!YLZs are as follows:
______h
TiigT
Switch
( ON(i'?
'~I'enon1ic Zz Settir=-
-
GE/EE/ 72-7
M aster Reset Switch
0
Cold-Storage Write Switch
&I(OiN),
I
Discrete Switch
DD(01),
Mechanical Input S-Aitch
I:(Q.)
Compute Vrode Switch
gu(hA7), K(SIGLE), K(Rbi)
-Tinbf Siz__l.
W(OFF)
DD(OFP)
The timir-3 signal is produced auto-
matically for the octal and ASCII representations.
There-
fore T(C0N) need be used crly after each binary representation
of a number or Ic•d code.
?c~er L/MOff
teh.
The ti.-mng sigr-al Is-tned
off
The powier switch z•at be turned
on after eacha loadinng of the bina'y deck, end this must
be done before tŽhe rast~r reset switch is
vent an s•mor
is
tlrned on, it
pro,-grar
! pogram terz•--_
tion.
remains on until it
is
turned off or the
default condition for the power -aitch ir
S.r-_tch.
':rc-
Gnce the povar switch
is halted and %ZcZDi
OF 1r2C*RAiiL' is
Initiate L-oadin
turned on tc
printed.
Zhe
CITF.
9"iis switch is
turned on to
initiate loading a-rA vuts the simulation program in the
wait mc.de of nonconpute.
and is
It
is a mommentary on type switch
turned off by the program.
Cold-Ston---e lrite Si'itch.
The cold-storage urite
switch is en on/off type switch that allows writing on the
cold-Stora.e channels (cha-anels 00 thru 46) of memory when
(
turncd on.
ibo-n the suitich is off, no .Tritin; is allowea
142
GE/EE/72.s7
and aniy attempt to write will cause an 3-bnoormia3. PJwo,!am
termkI'ation.
G-nce i(C)has
been specified this condition
will remain until it is 'Aturned off or until the programz is
halted and
2)CY
Y1
is Printed.
Ime default con-
dition for the cod-stor.a;e write, 3witch Is GET7.
r~iser
$Sidtch. The master reset switch is
turned
on to Pin tiv-1-ize cartain flipflops, syvncrhronirze Use bit
counter and sector track, lead Vine instructtion. register with
atran--sfer C-2,1)
noneo=-pte.
jYh
The 7-tps ter rs-:zet switch is a nonmentary on type
ty
ith
(ctane
~allcz
5)
turned on.
SuItch is
i'iscre-'
..
V
to chainel 00, sector 000, and
linstruct-i"
d ~z3n
'ejh-er
;ri
an O'u/off,
niz th-2 hot-s tcra~e chrnnel
allm.- discrete outeus
-e
this swit-chl is o---? no .mriting- is allowed
on c5v-nnel 50 ana any at-tmp
to
i-ri te will, cause an
ab-nor.-al -Droz;r,-v ternia-1a-on. Al~so -0hen Lhis suitch is off
no discrete c!;trsuts c-n- aR*,e-r which will be refliscted in the
outputl.
Once
is tir;
'by the jprintin.- of
Dc:)has
until it
bmenn specified, this ccndition .All rema-in
1s t=u-ný, ofI" or x-int.1
c~i
?~.:
fhollouwinZ; statement:
m'is
Dr-rrtcdi.
the r~a
S'le
is halt-ed ant,
deýault co-ardition of the
i:e~nical In~ut 3.:iý.ich.
71he mechanical Input suitcsh
is used, for vuttl-nt- the com-Dutter Ln the wait moae of nonco-rputa from' the idle s-tboade of mnual halt.
Uhenevei' IiM(oii
is s!Zeckfled ito vus2-t be folio-wed. by an 2(i)to
comuputer in V'q
iFailixe to do tPic causes an
~--ai t ;xe
~eMerain
mr-Ccnanicall input switch
abnorireal pz-oi-rzwill be i:;:ed --;ery infý,avuz.;tly.
is a snomentar-=. on
S'tc;*
position s:a'hthat
Lf-mcwt-ionr
K
h- cG-xz:-zr-e rnodie swiitch is a threa
-i-i tinc
tlhe 51ilae
alt
~h
=nl
is
If th-e
to0 t7e ...-~:,
omput-r goes thrna twhe program
c-.i ty~v-pa
=-Itil -.n i~
tn~
io.-r
C=,nue
the proz.ran returns zhe
the Compu7,te node s-ditch
it--m.~
cet. I.o the ii;JiN pOsi tion, cont
izco~eiio
set to th-z
-he SI:,*,%;*LE Position of' the ccm-prte
is nznentaii'
thce cO~n-,re-A,3 .
;ithis
ha~lt riode to imit for furth~er suitch.
sc~tzt-ni;;s or ccziii
ISwitch
Settin!:;
instructiLon is exe''--Ue iTA the co=-..ý6
r'c&: is st~red in the inctructdcn
rei~zte.- zm
St.i-itc
pasi-ticn # only
or ~U-3ro-iti-ons allw~zs the c-e
zc
'Yhe nexti.
zoe to
!L-1LT
or ii&iŽ
ntrd%-e can- be pe.-fo.rIn.
~i~~stC7,--r2
made
J-iK~2,
-
t.
V1hSsk,-I-Ch set- ate the
to enter thB cc~t
"I
tur-ned of.&Pf by the
c'-- be set at.
~~the s.idt'Ci at Via ~L
rcodle.
'The r-echa!Iical input Cswi:tch
an!e:ic
d is
~2~te ~
Positic'ns.
put the
ousDr oparation occurs in
h~tand- Procced) instructicr.
is abno.-n-lly t-rairatea.
co-dit-1n O
44A
The
"G"qiE/72-7
,:iscellane%.,* Inputs and Con_ _r._
The simulation language
in this category pro ides -,an:I functions that are unrelated
but were not o; sueh
tinortance to warrant being in a category of thei-. cn. The fm-ctians that uill be described
in this catezory area -isted as follows:
Hel.iste-r and rie•ory Diiplay
Incre-:rental in"u-"
Discrete inputs
N-ode
rc-'g
Execution
ecificatons--
----------
-
Settinr- c£ iwlipflops
Ini tialization
[iste.adr--1
ani
'
play_-.
eof tVe ree7isters (iJi,:)
be displayred by use o- t,co•-rA h-zs the £ol
where Ar, is a list
-hi.e bin-aary contents of
or loops (iFiGi,•,)
regis.ter conn.The
can
res-Izte.-
:!rz forn-:
orfhe rZist-ers and/or loops to be
The ra-ister comnd can contain from zero to
ten
specificva-tieos in the ar-urceft listing.
A valid spec-
ification is one of the follo.•in.r, letters which when
:]•
specified w.ill display thqe contents of the loop or reZ-
iter
associ--ýted u:ith it uheneoer the contents of that
register or loop cn-an-e in a proý,aa run:
•# I
5
GE/EE/72-?
Sreciffcaticmi
Re-ser or !L-PDisipl--ed
i
I
ccumdator~
Instruction Zlesister
Dxwer Accpimulator
L
Ii
iwm~ber Riegister
UI- 1 001) (l-word loopD)
F-loop i4-iword loop)
F
S-loopD ([8-vord loop)
H
--
wi-~ord loop)
H&-loop
7-~loop ~1 -od~~tio~
V
R-looz (1 i-wc~rd input loop)
ER
Thýe argu-men-s o" th:3 re--is ter co=-Pnd can be setr-ratedi
by com
__
or ble-riks vr the:,
Exanplez:
ba
re placed one after anctoter.
iT&(.i!.
ildiplay
contcn1cm~s Of
ýp-loopg ;-l-oop and accu--
"ISTg..
be displayed.
The default, con-lition for thie register commnd Is
BEUsT)
.
The default conmiition is assume--d each ti-,
progiran run is tter-mL-ated
a
=adr~re input, data is supplied.
Therefore if register display is iuanted, a re~istcr command
nLSt -0e US-d
eac.
tirS &.ta iS
rentCre-4
T~o display Lt.~e contents of cold-storage and hot-stora!;e
'~n1-(cOni
is Used.
The
P~O
thru SO~) of ;neeory,, a r-emory co=and
~~
ha-zs thbe follctiiin; fora:
1*6
I-I
I
i
,
-.
i
-
-
GE/ER/7-7
whel'f Arg is
the typ, of display requested, either BIM3I
or OCTAL.
If
the ar-g=-unt is not int-7uded or incorrectly specThe memory comIazd
ifled, the 4efault for Ar-g is CACML.
can be used anyzhere bithin the program.
Examples:
hi.-),X(ML!RY)
Hiemory display will be in binary.
Hemory display will be in octal,
Incr.ý-ental lrM-zts.
Ae-cause the sirnilatio-n- -'ograý-
wrot have real time control camability,
provisions were made
fer e-teri-ng eata in the V-lcop a•d i-.'-p.
could then be used in t-he proCri
does
c
•ing
Tni. data
e siated
c0n-
puter as thcu-2i J 6 hp-d bree:z: s-4p!!ied uncren-_ritally durinrSIreal
ti-ze prcs
aSIL.
The frnof
h.i -aru--st
for enterfrg Incremental data
is:
£
Loop(Arj 1
were Loop is either V or Ri a-For Arg to fill
it
Arg is
the whole ,,crd of the "-loop or il-loop,
should ccr•ain 24 or mrz bits.
1inored.
An
24 bits.
Any bits above 24 are
bits less t~han 2-'. results in the least sig-
nificant bits revaiaiT.Lg inchan;ed.
Stovzage starts with bit
24 and continues to~rds bit 1 until data is exhausted.
Invalid bits are assu-ne.
and a ressa!:e is
output to this effect.
tal inazt request sto-r-K
-"
it-loop (D;hic'er
by the pro-ra.
to be zero
T.e first
incremen-
deta in .-.ord 0 of the %i-loorpor
is bin.: fillcd).
4?
The zecond request in
GRlE/W72.-7
word 1, the third request in word 2. the fourtn request in
-_.
moi4' -. 0 and
;dditional requests start over wV-h
..
..
word
.
3.
more dati., the I-ro- _7,
again.
prcgram terminates for
tul, -r.- t
Sa*
repeat the cycle.
is
initialized to start
no data in the ar~um-ent
I t !s possibIt; by ic:b
uif;h.ut c1"_-fljZ the -previously stored data.
to skip numme.-s
For readability tlan.
in the •rxwacnt portion
.nored
a
are
The data can there-.eore- b%- arranged in an-,'
of the re4qu.-st.
r-roupings desired.
B-amlea:
with word 0
-
'MaTls reauest
--AMOO 0131 C•O Oil 100. ''(1 iT"f
fills w-or' G of the 1 -lxLp . ;!tn thia bi•Lm y da-ta
given in ar-went.
70 (,C.-3O01ll,1 03
40) ,11 .1)
. w-z-s
ords 0. 1,, a..
r-uest
,
"
Dascre~
A..
"..
etinputs
Su•I~ly data fcr u
i
,
Z
are
-n
e•cs4er
to
(u)iscrete Input
a
%3
.nructic-ns.
and biscrete intut
The fc rn
.---
-
mi-S
0 11111i)
to
2 of the 7-3o1c
wit"
we
e..13
tf the i-.,,trest f o- enterln= di"crete Input is:
where Type is the tyArc is 19 ba-ts fr
of ci:.crate ir-p.iS, either X or Y, and
X-dlscr-te iap-uts an-. 24 bits for' Y-dis-
crete input.r.
For
4C-:bc v,-ild .it wast c.ont-ain the num-er of bits
to
required for the in--.t type.
It car contain rcre bits thr.n
required, because exccf~i-ve bitLamavoe tho~se zr"U~ired areji-mored.
lrrorxam rill
I1' not entuh bits are szipplidi,
uze
tVm- dat.
L-cyc-na
4s
the
roie.t
how-ever, the
until the proper
77T7-
-
Q-_
->-
-!*E---
CE/Eg/ 2-7
count is reached.
Invalid bits are assu-ied .Ly tCe program to be zero and
a message is output to this effect.
crete init
A mximum of ten X-cis-
requests and ten Y-discrete input reques-ts is
Additional
allowe6 bafor- the stora:e area is filled.
l!
requests are i.-no,•d,
array in
the s tc
s.'ues
t fill
ut r
requeent-a" or-Ger "irox 1 to 10.
ge
Provisions for
refilling the disce'te storage array once all ten storage
areas have bten filled
is
.;i-wen in
th.e initialization
tion of this section.
-
------
por.
"in uslhn- the sto3-ed discrete_ inputs, they are used from
1 to t~he hic-hest ninber stored.
the highest n
er zxesuits in tVhe proZ-ra-
=umber stored an
Uever
-A.ddit-ional requests beyond
--
using the hiZhest
sss-~e is or-ýZtp'A to this ecifects.
:e-
"t arhmoz-gZal terz~lati e1n- 010 th~e ~rr.ram- is 2-de o-r th-e
.poer switch is
inputs is
turni. offs, the counter for using, discrete
init-iali--ad to 1.
1dode tracin-r.
contnts
f a
Eode traclng is
prrar.
operation are listed
deciphering the
in the rinoco~gute n~ode, the m~odes of
as output.
Instruction bein- executed is
store is indicated if it
used in
In
the compate node,
the
lister! as output and a flag
wiaspr
The mode tracing careability i-
ed
requestel by a signal
cowmand with the followin: fore:
-"eneve,e~
is
s'_-:Ified
r=presentatirn of a variasIe fr
49
in a D.c.ra.. , it
flip the
1 to 0 or 0 to 1 depe-ndi:-g
GE/EE/72-7
upon the value it had when the signal co~mrand was given.
C
iiode tracirn- is peerformed ~rfen the sign3al -yariable is 1.
ialtenever a mrovra1_ x-in is
termna
-ted
and more input data Is
supplied, the sim-ial1 variable is initialized to 0.
siZ-alm
The
command used vrith the register coswmard will give
as outuiout a detail_=eu listinr: of the contents of a programi.
Wt~Žiictm
re are numerous oc~casions
iLxeUin
when a mao.7ra--ner will5 inad'ertently ;mrite a progr-ar
which
loops on itself resuij-1 tIMIn ezxecution Soing on -to inf inithm.
To prevent thsfrom' bappeninq In the si-mulated computer,
provisions have been rzade for counttiný the num~ber of execution cycles in Une ccte
pro!rc-r -= wkis
Ch
'-ze
zanzi ter-zinatin- the
rn;::ier Eaceedis a specified z&.ount.
The yrr:.c.~z_
if
t.he nuz~er of eaecutions rslloeed-
by an exec-u~e c....mwi.
Thbe forn
*A,
Cte f~xiecuteawr
is as follows:
where irZ is eany four' digrit" -ecis~al nt-mer from OC-00 to 999-9.
If no execute c~~.is
r'iven, the default -ralue is
"'.hrU7..(C50), lAtch ti~e the prosran termiInates for no-re
data, Vie ezxecu'ticm cycle cowinter Is initialized to zero.
HowvertU1?urbe
of execouto-Dics allowe~d is Initialized to
t~he defavlt valuze only
power s itch turn ofor
napall-inerz-al program termin t-ions,
in4taP~in
Th nero
executions specified is printed out tehen-ever an execute
co-~~~~r:I-:
iaec'
c~
GE/Eg/72-7
Setimn,
ofr iFlitlor~.t
The siwailation language described
here provides the catrabili'tty of settin~g or resetting certain
specified control flipflols uhich can change progrEau flowu
when encountered.
The flipflops that can be set are DA (de-
tector) flipflop,
("-,
(iamrentsl iniput) f lipflops and 7-K
(incremiental input) flipf I op.
Mhe status of stie "] fl-lpflop is used in the execution
of several inistriu-ctions.
it is raser. to 20' by prograrn
control iisin;- tWh, ;-?SD-
eeco-)Ltruction.
insp~
-ToLIP
set the DE. fliz-laps a co~in-ad inwith t#-~i.igfr~i
used:
Vhe ccrmzitior. of tv
-0-
tive'ILY.if .__-_
ti:ý-e~ist. in
an
'nr&al for::.
:J. flipt'icdzta is
Se'
1-f
r
.n
deti'rzina ti.e
irito Vne
j-Aj
vr-.i i
sets th~e
one's co~plen-n-nt s-%-V~e dtais,
iznlcaid in-to the i-re:gist~er.
she form, for zp!ifjyi7' the cor-dition of the * aniR
flipiflops is:
where Fipf1iDlp is eit~wr
Initial~gzition.
orLKSsvd 1rfis
or 1.
lihen the binary dack of the slzwýatiain
prograna is loaded for execution. nemory 1G initialized by
puttinzg ten. d -reinal9's in every
outputi
t-ht
-flizfolos
r
location, the bins-y
are setz to a +1 con.-dition on all three lines,
Oliscretec inutz
requezt col"nters are sell to start caou21t-
in.-: at 19 an-i the Di)
vriA flip.1iops are 101 set.
ihe
GE/EE/ 72-7
P'r`09rer~er can cause the za-Cm Initiaiz~ation to occur by
usingr the initialization
this sact.ifon &-nd t
n.A%-
nie-s
t!ýOd
s1ulti,-
r-iýz
eyar-•1ei
f'or
toz~ram.
i;anral ~iirit~tve
which -has the folj-owing
tc-zi:~e
?or a :
for tCA.e
cuz-sto- af
Cc=ýutz
4ý-*m---ty--%--
uif ebapter V do
-)173 covT~Aerl, but
)raid
the
se-se Grouws
:Ref 1)
C
-
for
--
--
a-m
5'
ar--an-i~t
a 'Lz-výt-z
-:
*
Pprxram for-. fowid. mz'95--
*
~~visualize a brir~a-are
cont c.- u
an ','he ccn--soli,.
e
verszon ni- thIn
rr
for each swi~l~
"T.-OS
arity beetween the sL.!2Thtian
for
oetitasitle
reauire:; that-~
'Mimaatio, 3.Un;U-:e Caa
'iai-lu
to write a
rite, doirn th--
that he .wood P--Sh
b-z:iri~~eamite
c
c1'
the sirdzi-
n- l *Ch- hard-omre
co-=--zt-C--.
vwriLin.- a
Win be
labs the author is 'to
each- elem-ent of the
proemra- ten
fp.- i~h4jc'
r-----i
sma-~e
-~~
L_
co0aPaters the Progrmc~r Is not restricted to emy Inpuzt
fornat. fte in-mut Is format free an&L can be entered 72
dharacterS Pew, line.
*
e~~mtinluous pragr-a
=ds allms the wg
wuith each mrom~ of the siimlation language
soParateft bY r- dzliziit-r.
fi~e
theend.o~'
required. Is
lamgvags.
Drto rite a
sI
i delivit~ar !z a character whiich
i~.
bguage worud.
Mme deji-&ter
me~ blzmk benthreen each Y.-mi~ of the alimuIaion
Mcce-ptio'mi
to the use of a deliniter are that
octa-l data can bo groWuad and. -no deliAin!
is needed for
the ASCII reresent&ioz,,J
Ihere vare tbr-eo wrord-d in thez simiaiblaom language that
nmst beegin Lmi coliui one.
129Th
Miese vo.-3are
&I(-,'
tmt iords i2{OF?) enid GO signify that tUe input data
is Ces:P-1tc a
re--'
Md~tmi boirz t=-ný
to b3 read.- Lnfti
is intcaer-rVts1.
1i'-iVg ý- In cclu-" 1.
characters
im
r
e
off at tbe em-A z. tns rum.
calrses the simiulation pwczrai&% to m'tzn'
wh~en it
C-G,and
by ",, siju-,
Baterlr
GSO
for rare inp.ut data
A coomzet 3.irne is created by sp=c-
7-9 Pmrogm i
ýs the 71 re=1minfg
that line.
Whienever the slimulation
zj~m;-
tion, P3(011) %=ut be spe-.,fiea. be-fc.e
iz *-t~aaed fci cxecu..
the
I(Aionce
pomer switch )'z-s been tumrea ca it remaim1
tuornd off' or --ntLl -4-V- yprogramm is Ll91ed1.
on iuntil it is
zv1(Ga)
am& DD(C-21
wli3- also rez-ain on until t.n-,ed. o4,,f or -;imfl thp pOrftue
Is h&1ted1.
A typica)
jr~to
The rum ncte
53
Aco.-puter
rE,,/72:/
will contain switch designations, octal or binary data and
C>
load codes, and commnds.
and load codes,
To enter octal iw biniary data
the simulated computer -musto be in the wait
mode of noncomputte.
One of several ways that ttis
can be
accomplished is wdit-l the followiAng suitch ~dsignat~ions:
The power switch ta-s now been tuxnkd on, the master
reset switch has been depressed putting the compmu cer throuji
the sprejpire to operatee
node,2'ync bit -cmante--~
mode'
where the ins truiction register I s loaded, with a transfer 62-20
the
instruction to cimrnel 00, sector 000, ana into the
halt node.
The initdate leadihio
the comwter i-o
the iait
storage
oadcodnels Qhe si-ary
in,* progrnn is a sample
octal numhbers (1i4 and 2)
the
resewit
.94
e'm.
. Ton
otanable
n• a•llou
trr-ekry
2i
puttia
on coldto be' filled
17B comsuter pro!t;art to add tbo
n4 outpat a teletehtry signal of
nsoawer:
4M01201 Ei-'ZTE
-
switch was pusheo
1inal
h
C-020202 l-417-fI 4I2:-2200O B.i~E CLE-0. 201
I&rl
CeeAeks
O 2 i,;i-
G!lE/72-7
The addiition tpro--rani arid data have been entered into
memory.
TOO put - te
sirzulated com~puter into the-coripute rode
Aiequiress the followint- switch designations:
-a
iAR.
The eo-naute s~ic.has been set at the .111 pos4t~
and. Une LmastAer reset -switeh Is depressed again puttinz~ the
computer
vw-nul
ha~lt :ce
go t
h
Vite cr7trw
is reached
aMAU
cmue
The conplet-e y-:;a-i woi-ad. loo-r as
The above
f
t~he
hr~o-u~d, the =cces described earlier. .n
sc
-r
C:zrsistz
uDO e-e,3Mn:-
ietý ai
o1L
el:
24*bits (00TO~ C'-- Z Z;OZ0v
010300O).
Ente'-in;
or C-3 Pro-zides a readyr si z.-aI
i=r-(Z2
toý the simult-lic
_To-7an.
the execution of t.Z.-e i~fi
FR41,F
i as
To co'itir--.u'ar-:r
..
A
iT~s
si::r.:u. res-z.tz in.
rea__
datza splidby
th~en. -24 Vhe cn4
--
re~r~~
0o
teuser.1'
of' executW!. an
rc -c2ta
r:
the
- E/B/l?2-7
user to (ENT•T
P11CGa.A1).
At this point the user would
enter more programs or sore data.
If
GO has be-en specified then at
the co.mpletion of the
p•roram run the system would re--iporA with the message to
(CaNTIiiUE PRUC-Ai•.:).
The user can now execute the same
program over again with the sa-me data or new data can be
entered.
The pro-ram written onto the memory will remain
there until ov'eruritten or
mntil initialization
occurs.
To execute the same p-ro•r•m aain would require the
folloiring:
GO
./'o execute the same pzo.-.ora-. a~ain .it!) new data, (20
12) ,would req uire the rollow.-_,:
a(Z;•() N
S(-)
CL3 1; 12 R;iEi
FILL CL:i:-i 201 P '"""
K(A1.)
CLEAR 20 •"2'
":•(Ži)
Go
"Overwritin.ng te
previous prof-ra
with a
rogram to
multiply two numbers (+.0,003000 and. +.30000000) could be
accoi,?lished as follos:
I::(3*i)
,j(Ci, FILL Cl..-,P 1 Lc--
CT.:-•2 20! LC•.TI::" 02000100
"This pro-r-n
!
"not eit•*.cr-
24.020202 U4777E-
Vri•-c
LO00•CCO•DET-
o-.1d prrodce no results because it
into týie con-rata moae.
56
was
-o ezccite it wou'Ld
GR/EE/72-7
require:
iExecultio'
of the an-swer.
of th. r-~rozram j~rodluces a te1eieraetry signal
For -- rzre cop-preiIlrmsive listinag of the
the signal and register
comput~e noa-3 -p-rtieai of tl2)o~
Covsrammds Can be used.
ha
sr
commndns in the co.--ute =--*d
the signal anad, register
for t~he first fewi times, the
mumbar of e~tecuitions afllom:ed. shioult-.b 4oe'
1
- This- is
done to rpreyent lar.-e a7,00rnts air o~i ut-U19 in ca-se the po~e
nal and register co-'-and_ would~
so,
is
re
ros.-ible t-o -Awn a pro-ram endinng with- an
instruction-
(stuch.
k
as Vie mm.:viotus r-iito1L1or -ti
po
grams) several tincs ushif-. t-.;o dir1f~eremnt numnbers each time.
To do Chis requires spe-cifyii,
j
K~li*ff) wheen thle simulated
co-mmuter is in the proý=m lial t mzrle amd to foilow t'his by
C.
~~~
th
V ~)pt
-ciyn
~
~
ana h2
rxc
iy~
lated co-:ntcr ~nth'e
co--m-mi~d
.- I
~ns
br~al
Specified b-afoi-ce
mode zzit'- mil
wcd
-- sitzulatped* commnuter .Ln
he
=;:!ao~.
pxuts the sirrmi-
~ci
If a s iz-:ial or re-rister
rm~()
ould be-
t2zaen -1S>!*".;
nto2ri:S-'
nore
C,, ta.
ic3i
in
this prevents
the rsw e.ata is
GE/EE-/72-7
*
being, loaded into the cOmz_=uter.
The signal and register
ccz=-tnd.o- musto, be resmeeafiei -bef-Ore MROVZOI) s stecifie.d to
allao.z. m~ode tzracimn; and register display in the compute mode.
Tile new data van -be entz.rad b- s-oecif Ins a fil"'l load code
and folloeing this -ri th the ne-data.*Th
cn
mrxi nor.b rou- Imc:: into ~
;;(aUN~)
follm~d by
sbuAztion pro-
computee imde by specifyrin-g
-(*''
nis cy-io can be repeated as
vany tim~es av desirsed.
fTe~
0 oir
this rith t-.-o
sets-of data t.-ould laokz as Vfollows:
-12 z
7-he pxra-zio;ýs
ha-n.ize
results in. a transfear toc
n
00030 LO2COO;R
xencn~t'.red. into the c02:ute
GO)
secto
0
starting
exeCUtion- at' th~at ic-ca4%tio..
rpoggran =r. be execulted at
any st~artoimw
loca-tion b
ieiinq
500-rx
Lr-'J--J:A-.-..
C:..7z-'
izz~s the
zLIA.;-.ss anzd
location of
oect-or
the firzt*bstrictlion. t*:, It-
Jty rho
transfer- insltrmct.1 on ~~:w
Puts tile co:'.e
nt
thee.~
z~-
oeVrcontiiuaous rurz.
shr-Jl
hal
3ar
eit
~~to
en
wtha
GIR/EE/72-7
the computer into the Progra~n halt mode.
If an Hi'Pi instruc-
tion is not used, the prorraim will contirnue in the com~pute
mode until an error occurs w-eich will .,eriainate the run or
the numaber of executions exceeads the nuimber specified.
Shortened Vez'sicn~ of
I
iimualai-jin Laiz~ge
The fol.loiiin:-
descrip'tion of" a rmth-odl for creating shortened versions
of the simulation la.ng:,age dcoes not apyt
ca
aa
switches (exceft, cormpute =ode s,.itch". or flipf loD settins
~
These parts off the languagce h-,%--
:at been inclu.aed in the
discussion.
---
Ashortened version of thie in-pat
--
nguage can be
created byf the -user. To do thnis reauiares - ~ing those
lettterz of a sir-mullatian 3.aY~--.e &-am.1 vlhich are used by the
F~
~
iil~o ~
~ or~ ~ ntni ~~
as the iLput fo~r tkhe .'-Cad.
-
etrscnbade
&-'tiý:l
to build a s-temo-nic for.- of
in;1
L; anE~ using those le*tters
~rd i~c
woe
desired.
The fol-ow-
is a listi~ng of tho~se woro;s i~n the sif~i.lationn lan~-a-e
which can be- shorzened, a list&-inf of the portions of the
wcaNt whicb are used in inter-,re-tinE
a shortened version ofl thae
words W'hich era.- b-_
ftzchorten-'tc
CTLU?
rILT
it,
anta an ez-xazpl~e of
o:
In tverrzretin,-
'!-!
L;MnP-le of- a
2-hortanced -.'ersien'
GE/EFW72-7
CCnPiJI
oENTER
*CLEAR
CO
COil
EN
EN'
CL
CL
DELETE
DEDEL
OC'"PAL
0
OCT
BIMPIHY
B
BIN
S=i~LE
SSI,
BEIS~i(Arg)
MJ CUORIO
BB(Arg)-- --- ='BGAg
AL)
SiGnSML
M(EO)
FEM~O)
S
SXG
EX(Arg)
M~C(Arg)
Mie six= using com~dtions ar-ply to the abbreviated
version of the l.mmanguag
as apply to the fulI-uord version.
iARgaeecp
b3an is needed!ca
as a delimiter
a.
nptaaisetrd
betreen each worl ofit the
free format.
A1. 72 colu~s can be used for enterin-; input
data, however, no lanamgue eleamet can be divided. be-tueen
two linse3.
If a urordJ will not fit on a line, leave the
re~i~erof the line blank ana put the word at the first
of the next lI'm.
A description of the simulztion has been given In this
(
cLapter.
This Ilam.gae cc-,i-.tz
&vsit-c")i,
andi~
ce~n~
axT z!'--ber-.
coir.~s.
60
and load cod1es,
Ahlzo dizctissod wws
GA/ES/f-?
the method for creating progrms to be executed by the stmAlation program. M.e chepter was o
li
ed ith a metbod for
creatiag a shortened version of the simulation 2age.
The folloiungchapt-ers ii
give a listing of the erorr
detection ckpabillty of the
sent examples of
itton
pro
and wi
tro=r&•
a t have been run an the sLam-
Iated compater.
61
pr-
GE/EE/7IV.
Err-or Dcteetina
Error dete--tion is one of the outatand-i-ng- fIsatures of
the D1P,3 computer sir'ation progra2.
With this capa.bility
the prograim ta-.s can be error chnecked by the zinn1 - t.-ed Com-puter before tne--y are rim on the D17B cor-pater.
To succe-es-
on- the D17i3 co-,zrter tn-e
fully load arz-d execute a pro-7-ai
program bas to be error fre~e,
At the present tine t~here &.re
no error r~heaks rade b7 the D)173; --
pt
exceptl. for parity
and verifying- tt:9 contents or rezorY.
The error dete~ticn prciide'i 7-y Ib -siriui31.on pyroý-r;m
goes beyond cb'ecking- ju.?! porp.-Yan tapes.
checked~ for validilty by coroparir. ,
aý7.inst the siz
m
h
y7bl
atfton iarý-.:ae ~yl~.
i=ade, by the sl~jlaiton
i~~~are also
to~ deteat Anra'"I~ t!
:-etAn-s,5 addresses tht are outr
end 3L va'ic-ty
J-l1 Input duta is
of con~tiontso
ol
r'
;
ofA
t-*e-
b
1-ojz
tinst ýPrz nct allocm:e-i by th-e D17B
computer.
A istinz of the error stt~nsthat
z.re -rovw.&'ed by
with each state-,*1.' a'-e possible causes of the- &r-ror or aj
3t~t~/Cz
of E~rrorz.
ztantamct-itz provii'1eiý b'ý the
13
Alistinz 04th'eerror
sdaic
rra
is as clcs
~F'~KJiZ
X-DT-%" IS i~?
r
-i)
62
(Invailc
a-
GE/EE/72-7
"LOAD CODES J1UST BE 12i BINABI WHEN BIMlR
(
IS SPECIFIED
Adifferent representation for a load code was used when
the binary relpresentation was specified.-
ITHE
yoIA•DLN•
P J
!'PUT DAT'.
IS IW.i; -D:
(Invalid Data)
Portions of tin Input ;#-ord were interpreted but an improper
sy•ibol ias encointered disallowing any further interpre-
taticn.
COhTUT_3 IS .'NiT I1 WhI¶C iXDE - DATA CANNOT BE EUTEM
The pro--ram =t
-
be in the wi-t mile of noncompute for data
to ba entered.
-- -----
IN 4AiT ZKDE - D-.;•. IG/N02:_0
Ir Wi(3N) is specifiel-, the only tray to put the co-]puter in
th.e w ait mode is to specify ?S(0.').
i:A::::c::::::o
•
r
::
usda
zl
___--kcn
for the com-
puree s• teh.
Synbol)
Iii
----
Lemn•hJ
2
1Fs been s paified,, i--It data r-ost, be. In the
ASCII repr•esentaticn.
&WMEGi
"-SS"E•)
B;!2
SP~CIFI_ --D 1IC31=231-C-Y
The argaient of Ute execute co
-
DM?.'UL?
rxALmUz
OF 50
rAn muist contain four deciml
digits to be valid.
"0nV Vi 9: or C(IF can be.- used as the settings for the coldstorage memory write sw-itch.
DISCHS SWITCij PZFEiiLDIGZ'L
-4Cny
-1 or ;DjF can bee used as the settir-s for the discrete
switch.
I6
GE/EF/72-7
Pc00Pa ONA/C-?P k7TA IS Ii:CC=-r.T
Only UN Lr OIR can be used, as
~s ettings for the power
CHAC:IL SPE"1IZD CA-;:%': -":?'
3A~ T~IAT
f
Only channels 00 thru e56 can be Iceaded by an enter load
code.
PiO;6) must te S-i-e
t
'(
c%)
An Plmi instruction
tutstŽe Con
r into thfe Prog1n halfo-tbe
-u~T)mst be scij1tot__i--Of
imod-e ar-d
Charm'els 6lt, 70, and 72 can-o, t a us=-d T;itha-,Trnfr
11ot all
-Ossirbilft-es for ;--zliSrto-shave
wired into the cz:tr
:~
iidceOf
beemthese
diagma.
STC~LGZCA~O
T: ?LC3 ~-~-~T~GE C~i2JJSIF C-LD
SC?-?~; 125ZC ~~~~~~~~~a.11
2:IATED
E~i~:m)r~ut be Speci-&icd eoc
rtn
ca-n take Place on
cold-s torasge r~z,-Ory chz-rel s.
The S`T- (So_
ntrci
SW~c::;
13 Cj i'
-i
b;2!'
.. :
cno,
'CH:
.CK
~.,
store in sicr-wor~v01d
5
~DJiT
SUITCHi
GE/EE/ 72-.?
channel 50 (hot-storage ax-emory channel).
CO0W-STOP.AGE B7--IORIY CAINNiOTI BE !LCAD~iD IF COLD-ZTO3AGr
SWITCH is 0FF - F
fl;Afr.-)
WRITE
EEM(01 must be specified before wrltint, can takeo place on.
cold-storage vem-ary chann~els.
H~~TC~L:Gj&iir~ A~7 ~ Wi-Q*Di IF DIS'CREZ7" SWITCHI 15
OFF - MHGRA
1M
~
i
DD(c;:) must be specified beflore wti;centa3e place o:!
chnnel 50 (hot-s torare rry
ca=or)
FIAGS?&0-.2 IS AL
C~t INLY IN- L-Rz '.is; STO"
IS T~~~1 u
,,
-L33-rcaiI::;7
If a ST,- (Storre) instruction is to
56. a M~at store Is aflo;:uu on-1y to chlamlanel
An area of ner-ory has b-:-cnw,
sin
no data has berun loaded tbh-re.
1sTauCTcu--:
i
ziv
de:7-i~rm:.t-el
hao.tever no da~ta has been !iuord.
RMEISTM. DISKiAY ?;.:J121ET I
play Hlequiest)
Register display czaAis
~.
-
c- r
15
IiLIdD
-
operp7ad, -xut
trtir
1 --to' t.--Ja meor
nic.t
(Inalid 2'erister Dis-
missin-z a 'Lf ra-.-ntbh.siz.
(Invalid Symbol) IS ;XF11 A 7MAI)3 Fil"-ISP~a
A
52-- 54,iOor
P
is'3ŽaS",, .2
A mezzuiry word. '.-s '1k**-,n
:~3C~~
D-15PALL
. - 1.
syn-bol other than one of the ter. rei~s'lcr disp-L3a-' sytii-'lz
was used.
Trau cmapter Is con-mem'nd 't~i th Pr
rin on teD1735
-,oputer s-imiulza
TLi
e
these se-.Jen1eals
#.zcý_s in the
t
s-rctzr
t)he coin-se
r~~1yo
>
1_%the 1)173 COEi-A'.ter
st
'ai
~br
I.
In this
,,~,lios the v.87 lon& cod-.
out-.
eOf ot
~e-Ie-
im- -the noiooz.pte, ro-De Jrs ;ýho'n.
puit r£vai3a~ib
li
rctaized.
tem
Fa".le Pro-!'a!m
-
u-~iU It. prezentr.i' wi~ih
s.rj the tymes 1'f O1-t--:uZ ;;2-t z-q,~~;
0ftJ
Seven U:fer
on IPreOI3.
rcid~r~
ent e~iari
e!!-'zm-Ahgx bave beein
ani1. t:hI
e.-e %:e1
ThIA!s exam~ple
do-ta
-.my ini skticr
is loaded in-to za-ay
eitisplay in Vie n1Wc,-cmPujt-
Sigraýl tratin:j and.
af outT_.-t even f'or a sm~l
wioun'it
scm-nec 1'e'rmin- t-a o-
dts]pTLayad b&ý there Uro cc-
*oiutpji
*
L
teach~i-
*1
D'10,7
;cs-
Ulo-.ere:
for'
c=-uutcr thc
15e used as a
Aid,
A ammmury 'lispla, rie:!yst is
exape
proiran.
rtim~ of the
r~
f dae
hC
mae-anbe
ni-d ery-_7-frqwt1, bazusý
m-.ide at the en4 of this
kTe miemor3 duzza Vhat appeaz-7- oni .;he UAsti'ig has
a dslrmml and sectcer dczi-;wtiorx on the leftA.
This address
sthe miem~ory -d&r-ss of tne c-etal -worwi appe.-rinr, in the
first. coLs'k±m al that rtsiTh
scc-and colu:-m in the s&---e
rowf C')Ata?'s tne m-nory -word of tha nex:,t sector location.
fte sane, applics to all razaininý; i*or& in that row~. If a
sector lo=2.
-n in a rc' n-i
tot t-ecn 103dcC- zi"i*
fata M40
GE/EE/72-7
ap~pears on the listing as a iuor~l containming all 71?
mow in which none of the smact
7 he
locations awe lioaed with
data do not ar-i,-zar in the m~ory dmup llstlng.
The flowcbarta fo,- e:,aapie prograa no. 1 Is as foliows:
ST-42T
S2M3T
i.r-ct
:od es
7
DisDI
DDAC!%)
-c
ST-3I
67
-*.--ý-!
GE/EE/72-7
IF 0UTZ'f
1,.
W'SE TYPE~ :
:c- z Z;
1Sr
T.:F~dl
U*rtTZ=
SIM-LJ~fl;2 PR,%a2AA
01/24/-8-9
TIM=
ETPCOI,
r
CC43 '(2)2ZU)
O
i.--
PRM7SE 1- F?7LE ;z*DSSA-VLE :.
PRXES-
C:!-F1LLr
C;,--
j,~~3f
?iTP2Fa
;7ZPES 'WLL BE I!FACED
KALI.~~:~LeL
IAIT
A=~
ycd'jiz SA
g- 0!E3-
D17-1 c-ýpkl7E!
**
*5
'SIG=!. 0:
TYPE
- FILL
ja-:21:PG.
-Z
NA
19.43.00
.
GE/EE/72.JI
SA:f7i C-MEc
-:-
LC4-Izj*;:
3)
~ATZCDE
1
-- R-EARQZ T-;2r
PAP:IL
-
-- -*:Wi
*
*
L--7
*.-~..:
I~~~
zz
~
C2-)
.
-
-
-
-
GE/EE/72-7
C-ES
;D(4) "2):.1)
-T:
z!TE-F
-
-
HALT
JF -AKlk:-ý
MAL
-
LALT
OCFA03
'SECT
033
*5
I,
2123.;5S7
!JC~
Z2Y
~*a
l y;: z
77773777-o
GCRUZI
Z
77117M1
-Z~1.1--"; Fr..:.7 ---e
T
70
TC
VZ
-L
iALI
LISTED C.1-TAI-1
1MALI
*:
GE/EE/72-7
Examle -Pro
C)
Nub-ber 2.
This example consists of an add-
ition ripple progrm that has been written using the three
different representations for input data.
been loaded and execuL--.
seoarately.
Each program has
The addition ripple
program loads 1 into Vhe accumulator and keeps adding 1 to
the contents of the accumulator.
on itself,
the execute co -and,
Because this program loops
s been used to stop the
executions at a count of five.
-- The initialization and !-:enry
each representation.
iLode tracirL
comand-s are used with
and•-rei-i-er-display are
used in the con•ute .zode portion only.
The T1oi:chnrt fer exaimple plra.-om
S;
i ie..i-ory
Drm
-I-
I
Displa
irce
9i splay
(-)
.
71
'
no. 2 is as follows:
~' :."'•Fl:
•(0x)=
GE/El!j'2-7
CIA
A.-1
F-_
'er-- nat
-I
*- &
t
!y
72
-
E/=M
B!
l?
R
pis
S.-74
24/2
-=
-.
-
:c4)
-I
~
c3
;o*z
I
Z rz.
A C2
a-
~F~I~
-
177;7
*
4--
z
*
-ai
I
i-z
7)p
GE/WE72-7
BE!Bil
.
DEcic
LIZ
RIFL
-
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jO
1~
C1i
S I=PE
Blr
Z?
il? C-LT
EM:z;31
.Z:,'
C33i!~C~
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?P
s'sz!!
CZ
Z
PR
?V::,
;.
-
! g;*ý
T
Z;1!
32! -cii1
=2!7 -.
3(Z!:,:
CZ3)
*.!i C.
T!
l
C;U:Izay
7-4
'F.
2.;.Z
---3
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Tl
GE/i-lr/72-7
CLEAR L A~
aiT)
~
-CC.
ji 0*3aaG
C -1;
!=
CO.: a033
0.5
-:.(7
0 tO
1 %::
--
EF*'--.-_;
02
F* ýz
(E~i£R----"'M
rz0a
£?L
C.~-
1
ZEDE-
i-
?SuiIIT
Siv
OF
-i
Z
4iO105 rs
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y.-.
-
J-i
,
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z
z~t"r
rwi,,
777777
is,
GE-/RE/72-7
EE-1-* INS :S7-C; FIi ED
=Y
IT C;~?SI:~
r-M-
CLEAR
-2 l
.
--y
s
-3
A.C24-I)
02
.W
%to
03
::
40
.........
AX) lSTEM72-
S~:A.:-E:P~A~:
IsSc
A4
E:
i--F
--
-
~iPE
IF-iLT
HALT
.2E
GE/E-3/72-7
.gaDl
T.bis examiple is an- arithmetic
Promrram- iHunfer
program thlat uses a COa'- (cha-racter oujupalp) subro'utine to
output the anns-wer as einght oc~tal digits.
2The CQOA subroutine
was developed by the S~yst~es Lalboratory Group at Tulane
"Th-
arit-hmetic tcra
consists of seven arithmetic
routines ',4th starti-ng locationas at, 'the mro5gram address
I
litedbeloii.
Each. routi-ne needs todazt-a- nuebers starting
at the data addr-esses givenn.
Progra~i
j
Chan
secti-
00000ZDDD
040NN
01C.0
-~10
-f
Iwith
Isubroutine
AdressD'ataAdrs
~.1-rn t~-l~
%Azam Se_________ct
routi."em
02
001
S U3 r :-u tiir.e
Co
001
r o ;1 vin 2
12)
0n-
14
coo
20j
ooz
-0
2-11,
000
S~~ru~e26
30
000
iihle io
331 rUtie
001
-ot-e
.i-iý
ro, t:i n e
32
001
Dach routine of the aritlmetic jpro.&ram- caml linik up
the CCA szlbrautine to; Out-DFvt the results.
is loaded in chinnel.3s 1- ard 4-06.
which wzxts thse computer -in, the~ mri-a
-In
00Os1
0-31
inst'rual.ion of~ the GOA. subrouti-ne _s
A
22
used. to ozatmulk the
disply is us-rrl-
mhe last
l'ý?R j ns truectioma
h-al'U jrcide.
this e:-xa-,.Dle a flag store televe-
L
'The GOA
sipgnal is also
Nn~r
o =ede traicincr or reg-is ter
fl~c~r
or examiple progran no. 3is as foliows:
'The
prog-rami
14.
RR
OTI
A
iD
4ee
r
-;
__answer
Use
-
. t
t
_
_
_
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T-his exar-:ole is a- program which
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output llsti.g,
To interpret the discrdst
shoul.d refer to Fig. 12 in Auien-i
the reader
C.
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binary output; capability off the simul-aItion programe
To
interpret tebinary output, listling, bhe reader should refer
to Fig. 13 in Apt-endix C.
One flwiatfor
example progrmm- no.
1:
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pro,--=~ is an example of
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)17Bco-rter imstru=tion -set. '.od-- trmaefg and register
display arm used im- the co-mute mode on-ly.
Mie flIOU021--t- for ex
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WI.,
A sofo'ftar
Computer
Conclusion
ID1
simuilation progrmn ofteDiia
;IaS U.-itten to sim-alate thae fun.tions-:of
e4mputer.
M!he dD~jectives
'the D17.BI
of this siirnlatilon W~ere -;o ha-ve
the sinalationi Pa'eg-r-am siiiiflate th-s aetiml com-ipater as
closely as
Mi~be."~s objective uwa rmea bea~use ir
majoritty of the D1Bfizntions have beem- included In the
Dig?~R
e loair
si1r71axtion
of the mnmn-r~pte =,4
the- -e-armbing,
ax-A intuaractidon fmactioflZ
1hare been wsed.
In the -compue zwonde,
~d~
=~~nra'iting nery-j,
md- instructio
e--ecutioa. are all, par-al of the sirnlplaticn Prograw-v zae114herer
possible, thesas
al.goritk= iiap:Le---nte& on th~e D)173 %asa
used in the simJ..ation
iCIn
soze
bynpote
Me~z 2-s
wwo~c~3rell
rincfienci-es ini the si aa~t-ic~a Proz-gamm, bew a
of uzing t'm- sae lsorit;--= i3 tha the simulaionj
porezam can b-- u.sed. asazab
i-g I for Iearin~g
the opramtioni of tbe 1)173-3 com~uter.
A.-so errmor Ie-teCtica
ums bu~ilt into th-e s3.L-7,.ation- pogvamr esn& has been very
helpfri". in creatimg Xrogmeam tapes for tlie DIB compu_.ter.
Reconm=?dation-S for g-gty
D17B commuter fim-ctlon
irh~cZ
In the simirl Itiou- prE-mi
associate-2iit
There aex
real _-
~
havre not been Inemrparated
of these fu:nctieims are
cantrol, 1rct-essing and Ancluile
the Ckwtibi]itises for i-ne-een'
74/.
ha 1)173 co-m-atr is
someI
caCale
ipn-uts amdl11-e
fdtea-S
ot
y~
-nrmtl
ad
incmremenal
trae
Unv
b!
6:
i--l
or
o
to
addingbits 61 uifolxiQeriest
c-ontol.r ~o~
dhotp'gaicuto;-As
the (enter
EC
fi2
coitd.n
at
finr-.ietc
tin
-ro
comarteros
too
1,-r-to- usede
I
-4'
d
g-rrcionare
Vi]Lore:toZ111cpcp
futonm
theare
iW m'exe~td
Mialto
finetý. count1 o-.w
oitoith
silaisn
t
-me
inot
oxe link
fHuvr
thefirn
.2-~im; n
bYtheoizeri-zA.
por~o-
Ir
zsiufl.
Llop i
theoo
ar-
of
~
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mot iiield
ffvr'
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wod
mithe
hXhea fn
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th
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thgeshe
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63ae thme
o'
iaa-4ee--tiiPro
prga~pathoe
t--
ab3-e re Ure b4ovama
capabilot ines d~e&!.1crbey
o
r,--P
contro o.t-d;licalon
fo
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orfams s-za
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V-lotirrc.;onauo
a-of =crc a t art 0 theDSIB c-,,pt--r. z-,_- assomCe- tdo
Alsr oul
a
beo~tn
for toring ion
byTheasseber wnoulde a-copu
Msilai-eoni
cm
eth2
~as ~iz-*uia
mce
__iZadoa;r.to
aa 660
sjrffl
paa¶mmt o theai
a=a_
j
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-
-
4
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program on th
ne
This mchine
version of the progrbz.
znae
pimchc4 tape couidJ 1 then be supplied as aata
a
co'ter
to both the-
U
-
-
S
a& tba simulation program.
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Bruce ChsaltAterton- sms born on 31 Ilarmh 194t0;in-.Franklin,
Ida-ho.
He graduated froza h~igh school in -Preston, Idalho In
1958 and attenAiea Utah State Ijniversity for five qm-.aters.
He enllsteýd in
es of
LI~
SAP in Decem~ber 196? =-d received 36
riidn- in
ele
rodcs andeoli
to beeome- eligible for education indrthe
iation
qupmn
Airman Education
an;-' Coaission Frograj
mm3?)
He -wxas accep~ted for 1AIRCP
trainbiin in Jume 1965 an-I atiten-4ed Ohflahoza State Uni~versity
V-ere he reoeivwed the. zdegree of Bachelor of Science in
Offie
Trinn
a c~isioain
Scoo
'e
T-c2n
SAin Nove~i2[er 1967.
project officar for the
?s -t and received
He s~eL-'ed asa
PorceeirSatellite Contral Facility
In Los Angelez, Califformda.
.1.1 attemided the Air Force
Institute or Tachnology ifnare 33- received the degree of
IKaster of Science in Electri-cal Rngiveerimg in IRardh 1972,
Perzmaen:11 Addre s:
This txhesis
F.O. 'Dc 177
-rarn:3in,, -adaho V83237
ta
1yped by Bruce Catk
I?
GE/EE/?2.'7
AppwdJX A
Printout of Siiuaxtion Program
GE/.Eg/72-?
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DE MD.
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SEI•
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0-7
-Appemix Dj
__srution-
S~at
for -Usng
AF!T
'5--
-
Forew-or& to Appendixz Dj
A so-Lobiare suiwallion prograni has- bseeixx.ttn wbich
sinulates the functions ofthe Hiiiuteren D!.7B COmPuater.
Mihe structura anid org-aniza~bn~ of this similuation prograMi
is descrilbce- in dhia~ter 11 of tlds t-hesks1-.
lation language is p..resentieii ini ciapteer
The Dl73 siri-a
chapter I1V
contains a U.sting of Vne e=. of st-at~e~snts of the Simu1I12
lation progran, and cbapt~er V is =-de up, of example programs vI~bch were 'rim on the sizi.ated com-outerz- r1his axpend~ix coataians nfrat
for using- the Dl)73
computter s
~ai=
u~a
all APIT.
Froceddures are siven
for accessing' the sim-ulation program froma a teletjype ternThai.
V
Infrmo~tbion c
ard. e7tra
ri-n=ig tbe iuse
of progi~am talpes
iprozxam f~iles is also incluC-A..
A cmrensed
version of the DI's s5.nuiati -- luan ge is given TollowEea
by the Ii1stim-S of a sztr- for crea~ting a thoz-bened version
of the simsulzation 1xanngz~vge.
GE/EE!72-7
Procedlores for Usý the
D173
Go~er Simidation 1-0at
TheP DI 73 commater Sikulaioa,-p
rog
1
b-- used fro~m -=teletype -ter-Li-aa
a teletYpe ternini
erence H~ansa
a
AFIm
van
as - zttont
Procediures for op-eratii~t
are con-tained in teintcrcom 2 Ref-
i
(R~ef 3).
The simul.ationprra
is available on Jthe CD'%f 6,600
%Comvut-r System as a merim nent file.
perm-arent, file nae
-SIuAIiis
thie
Omly ane versioni of- tha
03oram GM4 sts
so a Cycle nmrmber need not&. b,- spacified iihen att -dh
pern-anen-t, ffile.
CY=1.
lio~-aever, the irograO
1rhe sinulation programn reqT
~
io
as
as less thanm- 4902 Of
mem~-y. to e:xecuto on 4thm oo0,60,0ri
~ogr~'s-r", on t7.-s.;--
catljogued
Ca
the
The mraority of
prog~
-aquire less tn&.an~
5 seconds of canitral prozezssertie
Or~era~iont fr~rr a Telet:m-e Tea-mrdal.
-To access the
sisnulati-do
py'ogram from thhe zeletNyve ir-- ~lrequires thle user to
LOS1.1T dl'it
the 6600 co,.mptzcns.
jare contairmeiCnian. 3, P. 3p).
Proc-eadues for doing t:-As
in the -Int-arcc,;. 2 Referimnce Fanua-l (R-ef 3:
te
log-inn has -ce-en successfully completed
the teleltype p~rints aut
Vie user i~ilrezscL-! itil
to cZake the sirA~uatimn
sysll'e-
r-slpnd-L-
aailable
-rora
for his use.
rqet
-A
The
by ty~t~he tinr-e an~d
the a&ttah rejuest. Too1o-'edby
i
T%-_ user -ml2st decide if he tmmts th,-e outputll. to be printed
atthe teletypq or if he- :-ns
tbe batuh term-aa
printed by h
ispo
-s
UiQlne prnter.
eltp
the
uptt
UP output is to be
the user z-*iould respond to Vie
coi~ancl lwith
If output. is to be diswoseZ- to-the highd spe-,-ed printer the
~-
user ehould. rcsvmd vdh--.-~
"I7-
illPS
cG2m3:,FI.i
The systen wiii
mroess t~his request and thle teletype
ium
print the fol-owi~ng:
CQIS22Tme user st±rui-d. rs-vnd uk~ah
Vaich puts One sim-ulat-ion program inio execution.
Dzuring
execution. of his daathe user zehou"Id respond. to any nes sages
that appe.aws at thle taletype.
Hhen Vh
user
iishe
ma
runnipg pro,--ms. he sliould exit Ithe simmi'1ation prog)re-n by
speifr-bu:12OF"a-.& res od to Vie inessage:
by typing
Mnesyse-mrcsDoulds
~-A-U" the nssag'o
D-
GVE/EE72-7
ýand prints the amoumt of execution tiim used.
Mhs- MMfl be
followed by
-CO; YAIDIf output .s to -De disposed to the batcdh termina line
printer, the user shoul~d respznd. with
foloued.&by the ILGGO-- mro'lures containe
in thie Inter-com
2 Reference ivianual (Ref 3:Cih-'aD; 39 P. 3-6).
If outputl Is LotzU to be
stsd
-tb4ierfer
then the user eao-ald fojllcr- th-e Droeedures for LoGoUZ.
'Usiurz Propmram Tazas5 i2rogwam tpe can s kuPply data to the
s- *-'a-4.-Qzticn
Thera.
da-ta- on these tamms is entered. by-
0the
tame reader locateed at e.ach. teletype termini-m.
mhe,
ProgramI tapes can. also be zt--id at :,:. tele-type tsrminal.
Procedures for p---ing- an-r
r.-
of program tapes Is
contained in the in~tercom 2 Reference iRaniý- (Ref 3:Ghap_-:. 2,
P.7-9).
Prograam tape-,s w1iicb wi21 also I,- nm on the D173 bomm*
~Puter Must b-- written usirag the ASCII representation describedj
In chapter InI of this thesis.
BleanRcst line feeds,, arA car-j
ri-16e retturn-s are ignored '&;, the Dl73 compubar tape reader,
so these- syzzOls ca-1n ba p-imch-ed on the tames.
This a~llws
the PrOf.ram taies: walich will be run on the D!7B- cozmlter
to also I>- execasbeil
te sizulationporm
&y
D-3
GE/EE-/72-7
Us~h~
xtern
0
l
s
TV~&
Mies can be establisbed In-the-
cDc 6600 computer vatich will suppWTl
-3
resentatimx
data In the ASCII rer-.
-!
- -to the simuliation progrem. The Mie.- must have
the n~ames of~ TAMiZ or TAPRE3.
T111ey-cau ba created at -the
teletype by eaterimg SMM? rihen the tealetyjpe prints
ýO
LIM_-
IThe-teletyp
The user responds utith
SETU1P.
will process this commav-, avd itr-int tckt
The usef- s3iOUla. iype
MIzM7EtW
or
Mae telctypz: well respond with
The user can pro-ee& to virit-e a pregrzo An 2ASCIII rejw-eseT-tation. Each'1 li~ne of tsbs ypogram-ri be proceeded b.7 a Illm'3
r 'nber. Procedia-re. for cireating prograsi
hugeacn
tained ir- t;-e UY MCCon 2 Reference Ham-iil ("Reff 3: ChaEP. 4).
The last1- srsibol suppmlied mist80 be the letter 1111u.
bol signifies the end of the program.
22is syn-
Also the SAVE direc-
tive should always b-- given- all Ube enI of a pregram.
To use the -urogrmncreated on VAJE2, or MIFAPý3 the- imer
must provide au argwu--ent to the sim-a'ation prog=a
Ji~aI.
EOAH(2
TALF-2.
will result. i.n the read-Imv. of tile da-ta enc
MaH-(3) causes the sirmulAzt.1Io
data from TA=-3.
TOMi
is
coin
progmram to read tbe
An ezarmple in -uhicih d~ata is read from
as follo iS:
(EI-R. M~GMAI)
0
~PR(O21) iMR(O2I) Ei(o-2i) ?S(-C--&)
S~im'1ati
1 a~gue
Bfrary mm-bars
IiPaM.1f2)
is as folaowss:
:L
-0,
Ifil rCT-0.1
t-oaý Codes -HA,
MILUs VE~fl?
Wheen OCCZL is specifiea, iyimb n~ust be in Gatal repraesntation.
Blm-arY rapresen-ttion.
be if--
input. r-past be in
Whllen B-1INAUY is r-;=fif ld,
'13hen MIU, is
I repatesutat5.oi.
-ma-cifiled, tupel, rist
%Delault ISC~~h
Reesntaio~
~e~asetatcn
Ih~brs-0
10000
2
-
3
4
5
00010
2
10011
00100
3
-4
~101015
6
1.0110
700111
Loe.& Codes
ASCII
e-uresantati-On
0
-HALT
PILL
VEMIDOY
caipulý-11100
?
01000
8
11010
ZI
01011
01101
D~-5
6
IE/EE/?-?
CVDAR
'0
IE,
'
Siuitediaes
01110
E11
7!:.%NaM
--
Timin~g Sirgaal
Power £¶MIOff Sni-tch
niltiatre Load Sueitch
ll.aster Reset.-Switch
T(O-H)
FR(w~)z 1'R(OFF)
PS(O5)
MH(O"J)
D~iscret~e Sw~itch
DD(ONi)s DIr(F)
(Dafaullt of thase sw tches is OPT).
Clo-=Ute Fo-62 Suiitch
K(HA~)
X&M.hGS)s
(Dea4u--%At of thiis switohas i s PIALW)
Display
*
-
A bimaz'o output listing of aniy orf the follow-;
~ reziserrs or lopps -a - be given i~ene-jer
i-t-s coiten-ts c~ass iLf itapppsaas as the
airnina~of thle RMISTz comanud:
1--zmOn1Ic
-4
I
L
Rca~ple:
C
Register or LogaD
~A C. u-l a tor
Thslax-action Register
F
Lower Acc-imulator
I~uberRegister
P-loop
R
U
17
H-loot,
U-loop
V-l0oo
lTG-ISTE-R(A3=3,L Z)
010o. of argimaat- c=i varry frrom 0 to 20 anc. izust.
~ba ona of tcegivan
above)
D-6-
-GE/M/?2-7
The cOntents of inemory uMi-- be -glien as out~lp-t
.v~ienever a M~EMORY cormA_ :is given:
RE~0R(0C2L)
?eorncY dum~p will be gi7en in
Octal:-
O3Y(BfLHAilY)
Hemnory d
ilbe
given in
Binary.
(D-efa-o13f; is OCLXL
Discrete xhp'pxts
bit-s as argu-e~nt)I
-x(19
Y(24~ bits as
Examle:
--
r-_
(ilicoo lo;-o -olll1-11lSooo)
Era01ple
00(4,110000
1
frcremental Inputs
-
loo-
V(241 bits as a--romulnet)
RI(24'bits as argiment)
E=xa-le:
SIEa
V(0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 01011
R(OOC001iI112il100001101)
c~h time SIGIULT is
re-resntl",onflo
usc-:
i
0to 1 or
f2
-
sth
to 0
"Si~IL is 0 at the beginii'-1i1,0,Of the
prozr~rim. When Sic-;-"! is 1; lie io
E~ECTExi
E=M70
mm-N.
"heComu
codncyls
Lf t --es
0-11c~ betracd. ed
"o. Ofexection cycesution
050)
2.50 executions
(Defwalt is 50 exeoutions)
E~3j1~(
D-?
GEI/EE/?2-7
k
YK(O)
-
virl f-limflop is
VKl~()
-
'VJK fl.ip.flop is 212 set.
so
set.
--
-
RK(
3Ms- flipflop is NO set.
BK~)
is in Set.
-
-BKflipflop
~Eii~iALZ~
r
-
Shpt"&
"rsono~
-
iemory is initialized, binary output
Tliýpf lops aree set to +1, and disC-rebte irn'-ut counters are set to zero.
iaton
'Tam
-a
Mue f Ooflo1dn
listinc' Contains the sim13ation languase words imhch van. be
-~
shortened, the imt-erpetingltes,
j
~a
d.cxa-I-6
shortened version~:
Simmilat~on- Lanaguage
mords -cidlaic can bIn-Dex-roreting1
ShorteSnedene --Persion
LOCAfi5IOi
FILL
L
F1
LOCFfl.&
CGIMSS.
co
COX4
CI&'Al
DEIETR
OCTAIL
BDLA~B
CL
DE
0
B
CL
DEL
OCT
MI
SUMMGL
RUNI
S
R
SPIAG
RUNl
R
-D-8
-Expapple of a
Pa
-.
'E)ME
(Arg)
REG(Arg)
lOmiX(BC-MALY
iKE(B)
J4EM(o)
SIGNAL
EW- C UEGU-(Arg)
S
sic-
EX(Arg)
U~.r-,
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