AD 742_965_Software_Simulation_of_the_Minuteman_D17B_Computer_Mar72 742 965 Software Simulation Of The Minuteman D17B Computer Mar72
AD-742_965_Software_Simulation_of_the_Minuteman_D17B_Computer_Mar72 AD-742_965_Software_Simulation_of_the_Minuteman_D17B_Computer_Mar72
User Manual: AD-742_965_Software_Simulation_of_the_Minuteman_D17B_Computer_Mar72
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4, , IIl i I I I I 4Ll AIR UNIVERSITY UNITED STATES AIR FORCE L SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING SNATIONAL. TCHNICLa. INFORMATiO SERVIC so 0.w va -lWUSUrl-PAMISON =21W AIR FORCE BASEN ... 4--AL Oct 4L AIR UNIVERSITY UNITED STATES AIR FORCE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING womduced by NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE SpringftleM, Va. WRIGHT-PATTERSON Best Available Copy,, 22151 AIR FORCE BASE, OHI ,. l Unclassified [ DCtU'1ET CONTROL OATA Air Force frnstitutc of Tehooj(l Weight..Patterson AM,~ ioh - t&I ) Unclassified1 45lo Soft-wae Sioulatilon of thie Xnutezzn P1?3 CoaputerJj AFIT Shesis Bruce Chattertom I1j ifparmh 19072 64A T oa 200 T.-ioc~a r~i.A iree~or otI b1;hs be-. zgprowe& for VWi~.c release its dsiu~'nis and =1eo IRL -ý%n -z'% =Llizeited. F;iTI- ----A sof tiam re ge haz btaen -wi -hich slailates t3 fwo-ltiomns of thie r-irntte=--n D17?. C .zpte,' a-S the :-c~istE-r tZMES-1-e level. Vie sinulation pror~zn is wi~rttem in the FC3b Extendzd laengwage to~ be used system, on thie Intercom Syctem (teleltype-) The simulation pr-ogr-a eighbt subrcutirnes. of a CO "W0 co-qmter co-s-Ists of a r~ain m'ogras and A jmfrcjraring luangtag for the D173 similationI msc formded ulich contcAns nuambeasPrA ]-cad~ ccdezs wrdtches, an& uiiscellaneous coimnzis. £cc i r tmruon the siziualated co2puter have been Includ-ed D to shosDU the tpsof output aval(.ble. D 4L1- I . - L'nclasiricd 4. m __________________________________________________________ OLC ? a0.E - 4 Coaputer 3izulation Digital Caapater SimulatioL Lges FTAM Pz'ogra,mg D17B Couputer *! - SOLE -- - - - - - - I I I I i 'liii a 5* I' I- *1 I I - 1* 1 I .1 I. *1 I I II ) I 1I i I I I I I 'I Ii __ 1 mm. a Unc1.ss1?j - A II 7- I IIUm.A-MD173 C(XPUTM P~sete~to tkle Facul~ty Of t~l I Schmf-rzt!1-ainmeizg of -the Air Force InstItmete o.fP Tecmbology Air rmdveSit7 in Plx-4-. Pu,,ifllent of the Rere.es c,~nth~re of IFASzer o1f Scienice by Brc m~ttertzu, B.S.LE.Z USA)' Captain *~Rm 1 Graduate Electrical 2MgineerIxg Sthis Jzaich 1972 doctism-t bas been ap?-oved fowl pubAic release an& sale: it&s cdstrib-ritionIs unmliaitd I I I I GE/EE/72-7 ultS me contents of this thesis represent-the of doin a softnre siu=0tion of the Minutemn D1?B Conputer. The D_17B compater is a general-purpose computer which was used in the control of the iM tema Nissile. Mds coppater is baing Iftased out of Air Force lnrventol7, ani as a result of being declared excess, It is being nde The Air Force Lns-t-itute of Technology Electrical tutions. Depa SEnginear.4ig týý ha dn. c acquired t•w of these bas be=n started at AnIT to zake the D17B S~Research Compute operational In a leboratory, nt develop aPrpicsti-.s. ail to "Mie voft-re sin-lation is a part Of this research e-fort. The other ar-ea being paure at the present tMe are the desiSn and constrction of a hardwar. control c•.sole, the design and construction of an I/O Interface for cmtrolling a tape rczder, tape pinch, amd teletype, and a description of the DIRB conputer az steps to be folloved In rai the it operational. I vmnt to express zw appreciation to Dr. Frank If. Bromn and Dr. Gary B. lan-_t for proposing the sMLa•tion ProVMUas 8 n area of research and for their advisors for this proJect. Special a prse as nt1ovl is due Bob Hitchell, a Systes vn-ineer from fiemtr Air Force Station, Ohio, for the Lo ledge an docu sntatlan he has i.-rtedl to this research vroject. 11 I an also hicdh i GE/EE/?2-7 - gmteful to the other fce, studets who me In this area for their help in wnderstatii doiUg research the opgrati•a of the D17B commtar. DBram Chatter-nl .. It I ;I ii GE/Y4E/72-7 Preface e List Of Figures. * 6 . AhesiCt 0 . *. 0404 0 .e . 00 .. . . *.. . 0. ej 040 00*0 Gemeral D173 Description 7 -- .. .. i Ce0 . . . 2 . on-Go~ulte "locde Section CoznteIBode Section vi -v -z ;I: .1. ... & Sbrout-Imas~ ~~.* 26 SifuoutineU LW3D Subroutin.-e ia-Gsro a**~* .. Subroutine DISTFIA. *. 27 28 * *.*V 0 ***2 Sifartoyjti'oa nraee 31 Awibiem. znd~ Load. Cod"8*... Sui~teles a . &04 0 0 39 606 pwalite O1ca nssitch Cold-Storagee Write Sb-.Itch S M~Iiscefl~mamao . .126. . .njt*e . . . . **as15 0... . . "~Cecution specification: C 'tins Fipvo 43 6 *,, iiipvzs anCO3aS PA Di~screte Miode Traclrg .. 0'1 42 Discrete .i-dtch .**..6 . . flochp*nica I=z-t swuitch .... *1 4 0 . . . . . . . 4? .9 50 GE/Eg/72am7 S ftM*l oga *fibýa 4 Ekrammle PreExa~Pie ojra-z . . . o .. 3 Ntber1 Is'-mbar 2 a. . . * :0 o.. . . . . . Rrcanile ir-r~aa I'iz-bar 5I -o o e. o. o. 66- 66 . 81 a .8 g 93 Rmazle Progr A ~V1. Conclusion~f .a 0 .*a a a o... e-.:&. Reo~~e~at-1ons for PutI-,e, Study . ftl~iogz'ahy Appendix A: .. Irrfltont a os of 94a* aa .aaaa Simulatico11 ro A-ia ad Codes B-I * Dlscr'et~, .. C: Pi- 96 0 0 -am andL DI P173 ApPendir B: DIP~ I~t-.,t~cn for Imt-er-araty, App~~ixC: ? ,as App=Af a 0 * ... Appendix D): Iimatrumtdiom- far-, UZIM- t~he simiaution VI aa a a. 0 0 a a 0 0 A 0 Op- 9 GE/Eg/72-7 US . S.srctos 2 3 4 5-' * -i 6 7 8 RE 00 000 00 0s Veitcha Diagrc-s of~Chame1 Addresses and P~ag ftoi'e and Lo4ad Codes * * * * * * * * e 1 . 1it Correlaticm bat~ieen )iiamtellan and F(QIMh d~eig.. mtIon for Sactor Track and fluti-vord Loops. ~D17? Co~pater Siuulatiou ftmgrm_ Flow . . =ee1n T~ranslationi Sectca Flowchart Sm~ch Interpretation Fo~hr-~ .... Ii200llaIeu Inpuat and. Co.-m-n Flowebart fian-Con-mte flode Section Flowchar't * 0 * 0 10 P"ýs Co~eho~e 12 Discrete tp 13 B tpus.. loachart 13 14 ... 16 .. 1 18 :H3::::::: sj:9m7 * 0 * a 21 22 2 6 * * 1PWe Outputs*** 14'-IeeO t ACI m..... *.* C-iL C-2 - Abstract A software program has been uritten wh -timulates the functiona of the linutemn Di173 copuater at-he register transfer level. PO %I' The siulation rmo-raa is written In the U Extended lapsrage to be used on the Intercom System (teletype) of a C.W 6600 copter system. t. 4 The sim: ation proram of the D17B computer ims developed at the Air Force Institute of Technology as pert cf a research effort In aking a D1)1r oapeaUonal in a albor-atory enviro.m sizulation pmogras has pro-ten itelf It 2he useful as a teachig aid sad can be used for er-ror check1in run on the D173 computer. t. pnra tapes to be can also be used as a standard for the hardvare version of t.e cm--;tepr. The situlation Sprogran contists of a =in po-ram- z=1 eight subroutines. The min proq--r consists of a reading and translation section i•hch reads and interprets in-_t data, a nonconpute mode section -ich iup 1 ts the loading and Interaction functions, and a coupute Eode section which 1ple~ents the search, read and write =zxnry, and execute fmotions. A pAinv lan-uae for the D1I75 sialatlon program was formed ihich contains nudbers and load codes, switches, and miscellaneous cowz. The rdsceml3ansus conds; include such functions as register display, ne-ory display, mode tracing, and setting of flipflops. Example program rim on the sinulated computer bave been included to show the types of output available. • Tt1 SOFWARE SIMLATION fOF THEUTTMAND17B CMUE !, IoIn~.~t•_on The Purpose of this thesis Is to describe the software simulation program of the iinutemn Dl7B computer that has been developed, Az software siculatior of the D17B computer was developed as part of a research- effort at the Air Force Institute of Technology. T-is ras-arch effort was concerned witth finding useful aplcations foT the D17B coqputer. There are several reasons Vhy a simulation of the D17D computer was written. (-- T-bils prog•--n can be used In teaching the operation of the D17B conlrater. It can also be used as backup capability for ru-mzug DI?B Programs td= the actual computer is not available. T.-e most important reason, hower, is that the simUation program can provide error checks for the D7 promgmms hich it executes. The .iard- ware version of the D17B co-Iputer has no error checking caimbllity. The simulation program was written to si-ulate the D17B computer at the register ftansfer level. A register transfer approach was used because It alowed the D17B couputcr to be sim-ulated at the intforation and data transfer level. Thus it was not necessary to sinulate the logic equations required to clear and set each flipflop. Using th,. register transfer approach also allou's for the tracing 1 11 li I•1 -1.. . i.... H I •".......ii I . ...... II iII.... •11 l .7 1A GE/EIE/7-2-7 flow In the simflated computer as data of the information1 0 Vith this inforatIon Is loaded and propmus executed. tracIng capability, the simflatiom program can be used as i a teachIMg aid. Generl PUB DescripIon.. syncbronous, The D17B coputer is a small, serial, general-purpose diggital computer. It as design•d to be used in airborne catrol applications and was used In controllizig the guidance and operatic. of XizLnute=n Nissil•. chactrstics This copiter has severalT of uhich the ollong are uderstandin- of the sinulation propa. 1. Whcm the D173 ocipar is eecut, operations re controlled by a or ;in -tant t to an (Ref 6:5-6) all computer intcrmny stored program This stored proo=- can bs entered by eternal iput duvices (tape reader, teletype, control console switches. etc.). 2. The word length for this computer Is 27 bits, of which 24 are used In cowupuatation. The resianing9 3 bits are bits and thus we spare and sys %croizing simulation progrea. not needed in the For this reason the word lengh is treated as 24 bits throughout the remander of this thesis. 3. rpm The uea=7 storage capability consists of a 6000 agn•tic disk with a stoe-nge capacity of 2985 words of tehich 2728 are addressable. The contents of nemoy inclde 20 cold-storage channels of 128 sectors (words) each, a hot.storage channel of 128 sectors, four rapid access loops (U,F, E,H,) of 1, 4, 8, a=d 16 wmords respectively, four 1-word C: al-arithoetic loops (A-,L, ,J,), • a!A two '-word- nput buffer 2 CE/EE/72-7 loops (V,R). Stions Cold-storage channels are those maeory locam- which allow data to -e stored only when they are enabled by an extermal switch. from Cum at all tin-es. However, data can be read Hot-storage channels can be used for storing and rweding of data withwut an enabl switch. A loop cnsists of a word or group of uords which are coitlnusllY read ana stored on the disk as it turns. loop would be read and stored each vordtze. A 1-word For a 4-word loop, each word is read and stored In four wordtiaes, an 8-word loop is read end storea in eight -voidties.---A wordtine is the asount of tlxe require& to serially read and store the 24 bits oX a word. All portions of meior described here have been imn-eued in the simlation proo-aa. 4. The D173 computer parlorios ce-puta-tiLons using the binary mnt,-sr zyste!- •ith nz -- ative nunberz b•iJr in two's co-plenent form (Sig represented plus two's coaplee-_ant). 5. l-e instruction set for this coaputer consists of 39 instrwctions. The m tewnic and octal coding for each astruation is given in Appendix B. instruction set is Also included with the the number of wordtims required for the ezecutimn phase of ezch instaruticn. 6. The input capability of the DiT73 compter includes acceptance of detector, discrete, increiemtel, and character inputs. The detector input sets the DR (detector reset) flipflop to "1" whn a true level is put on the detector Input 11--e. Discrete inputs are trut or false Levels un the d1scr~te iup!ut lines. Increzental inputs a" 3 sampled GE/EE/72-7 inputs that are incrementally a4dde to the input buffer C loops (V,R). Character inputs are five bit codes generated by a teletype or tape reaer and transferred to the D17B on the character input lines. 7. The out-its that can be realized from the D17B cmputer am bi.ary, discrete, single character, ilase register so-,atus, telemeetr7, emd voltsage outputs. Binay outputa are coputer generated levels of +1 or -1 available on Ate binary outpat hlnes. A discrete output is a true level which is put on one of 28 discre-e-output lines.only one discrete output line en be at the true level at a tine. Single characeter Is a ccm-_vter generated f ive bit code of the 4 most signiflcant bits of the accaalator plus a parity bit. !he character ouleqat Is nade a;•,-,.ble on output lines for drivlcode a elet-pe, out,=.t device. ate p ch, orsome other character F-w-se res-ister status Is the condition of the paeregister flipf lops which is available for mont toring an outpuJt lines. Telemetry output Is the bit config- mration of registers or voltage signals availabea put 1 for trnsmission to telemetry equipment. ouVoltage output Is a cosputer generated analog voltage corresponding to portions of the accuoulator contents which is made available an output lines. 8. Special featcrs of the D17B coa'mter inillde flag store, split--word arith=-etic, and zininized access ( tning. Flag store provides the capability of storing the present contents of the accumwlator thile executing th- GE/EE/722-7 next Instruction. Split-word arithmetic Is used in perarttbtetio operations on both halves of a split 0forming word at the same tize. of 11 bitso A split word on the D17B consists K2ninized access tining is the placing of Instructions and data in awwry so that they are avaliable with u1inum delay from the disk emwry. In order to have the DI7B coiwter simalation program simulate the actual co-pu-er as closely as possible, all of the foregoing characteristics have been Included- As a result of this sinilarity, the. siminulaXI&Firon shows promise for usefulness as a standard for an operational D17B computer. By comparing the results of a test program provided as input to both the 1---auare and softwam versions, register 2nd ins trtion execution rlfunetions in the hardmare ver.icn can b- detected. The D17B computer can be loaded frou punched tapes. uith progra and data Ehe proran and data are plmched onto the tape by a tape punch and a tape reader la used to enter tYts info-=tion into the D17B computer. The sIzu- lation pogra- is extre- ly helpful In the preparation of these program tapes vhich are to be read into the DITB computer. Mie simulation progras has the capability of reading the sane Pumched tapes for input data as are used In loading the D17P coaptcr. The slnnulation program tells In the prepaation of progrzm tapes by detecting and loca" ting Invalid symbol.Piunched on the tape and by deusoda the pro,7an Instructions. To~e sioulaticri progran als s a GE/Eg/7Z2w7 the caphbllity to detect addresses tht, Infeaz7) incalw ame out of raaro of the Present pm'grm bigriM, These capabilitiez Lhave saimo~ the D173B capputer alauation - Prograa to be very useful. Thesis RN-1-ins. Chapter II or this thesis owatains a de-s-. cription of the strucur aM oirganiiticm ot the sizua~tion Progmam. fte funictions per-Po1=id b'y the min proman and ~subroutines are dice =csed and a description of the 7ariables * I used 1n mriting the simlwaaioa pro III~ contain a dewcriptioxl rm 3gi.-PApe the sulwAstion laingume iutach 0f Is used as input data for tie s9usto 1rogr=a. Methods for crest~ng reogras to bs ran an the sirmlated, compiter * ars gi.-va Emd a M~tb%-,* for creat-ing a shortened vwer.ion of - the blimi-ation 1-N%-muag is prescnted., Chapte-r IV conita~32s ~a listing of the error statenents provided by the simulation - PrOgram. CL'pter V acostains exam~ple progmas %Mhch ftve been ruM an the I is'ula ted. coptr Several proSS=m axe liUsted which show the types of output that are available from the sinuuition progran. ter aund oota~nau re~ Chapte-- VI Is the coamiuluiing chapw ations for additions to the siuu- latiou Promrm to enlarge its capabilities,. Four appendixes are inclizkA with this the,3is to provide additional inormation and clarification r& the DinB COM2Nte10 SiLI~uation description. Appendix A contain % J I listing of the simulation progaa. - - Appsndix B "La a can. Pilation. of the D17-R Ir..tructicai set, and &. liat11t3 =A description of the D17B load codes. 6 Apppndiz C contaiin figurea. for.aterprevin2g the simulation prOgrau output results for bfr.-y, discree, and voltage outputs. Appezdix D supplies Information for using the D17B simalation program at AfIT. of the t Also inoluded in Aunendix D is a c en-e listing l• •iaaticin lnguagge. The descrint-on of the D1?B con-puter simaulatin progpram presented in this thesis assumes the reader has a basic Imowling ledge of the DI7B conputer and the procedures for lt.---No attempt is mae to describe the DIB computer or to describe D1173B p1ogrzasmn neethods. FoG-nLermation Voncem- ing thtse areas, t-he reader should refer to references I and References 4, - - 5, 7, and S are the rm information u!ze-' in iiia;the erencc 4 is a tr-xainir 'n-a1 - sources of si-mlattion prograz2. lefý- for the D1? co=. ter UihIch describes the i motons and operations of the computer. Reference 5 is a collection of figures which show pictor!I •ally the D173 fumnt.ons end operations. Reference 7 is an engineering rarial with a function breakdown of the logic eqmtions end timinog diagrams of the computer operations. contairnin computer. . 1. IL Reference 8 is all an Air Force Tecbnical Manual the logic. equations iplemented on the DIB GE/FS/72-7 This chapter describes the organzatias•-strcture of the D17B computer simulation program. In writing the simulation yogram, tbhe plan *was to simulate the actual computer as closely zs possible. between the actual makes it This close correlation cr-uter and the simulat• prograu possible for a user to use both the computer and simulation program using only one set of progrma niques. ng tech- Hocever, there are several- areas in the siuxzition progrm nhers a quasi-Mimlation approach uas used. The quasi.-sm!ulation approach uses the same register Inputs and generates the sa-e re.sats, bat the methods of obtainr g the results diffcr. C In p-e-nr.•.ng to irite the sl-,laticn program, several computer sinulation Ig,&,ges were sti-Aied, the predominant one being the Cox-•ute.- Design Lanwp.e (CDL) developed at the University of •aryln-d. This lansLuge consists of coOPUter elem-ets (register, is described in the first •EAory, coumters, etc.) and five chapters of reference 2. Portions of the DI3 coGpiter simiuation program Vere ten in COL, but becauie of the xnavailablI.ty of a CDL cowAler, a transfor.ation to the FVTM The siw-0ation progran is rLit- langug um mde. mritten in the FoRTmN fttended Language to te run on the Intercom System (teletype) of a CDC 6600 Cosputer syst4m. the simidation prqo~aa at AFI'I Instruotios for us-rg are contained in Appe:iUx D. Appendix A is a listing of the similation procram. 8 GE/EE/72-7 The DIT3 computer has several. codes and addresscs wbich it decokcs. and uses i.n locdiner Pnd exe.,citthn a program. harnatijh 'Napo (icitch diiagrranis) of' the op3ration -codes, flair store eodle-;, lotcld codc's, anft chs~nnol ad~dreS.Ses are sho-*m in Fijzc. 1 anOd 2. 'A2hcsc codes and addresses appear T~ho oparation code is a in thc com-puteor in bina~ry formi. f'our bit codo v~oO to db termrine the11. ex:ccutcd. 1111 instruction to be flcag- ztoirc code is a three bit code which dctmad~ncT, .Ihere flerg st-ore wi-li t-.te olace. codes are five bit codes usea in co~mptter. d~a~-itthe The load. -- An instru~ction nd1drcss is a Oevean bit code thic sector location of the next instruc- whfich ctr~: tion. ¶iho instx-uction ch;annel adress can o-nly bc channged usjin- a `UrCM'c-for (by ins'truction. is a t2.ebit1 ccde i~hicw' A nvsbor adareoss consists of' a. five bit channel des ignatlon, v&ia a neven bit sector location. 1?OrL~~inSt-rUctions clo not oyperate on bintary data, a cor- relation bot-.7ean the oper'ation code, coile, flag store code, load instruction nddress, ancl nu-mber address of' the D17B comput'Cer aned a nu-Irber~ in the FC')Rl'PAA made. Because prog.ram had to be This rolationship vwas rade by tntking each, codeo or address Cand oh ingin- the binary representation to its equivralent doecirIVO. i'eprosanta'ti.on. The deciimaIl represent- ation 'vCas thon usocl vts t~ha dcsl griition f'or the code or acidra:.!,P in tho in XAiy 'ow;ram. Includled, on the cliarranis 'IU,;.-. I aI-'1; P. Mr0 the 1iAMrWy M'cnrostationq the cjua~.-oc~ ~'c'rc: t~io ind. the 1-'GRTIC.d desigmation. GVE//72-7 Operation Codes (C.;) (111 0% Y-S~~~! SAD O9661- octal Cod* US FM JOftTfAi besigniletm ! OIl 1:: MP y W. MPM SMIA ADD SUE1 SSu Oi~uol S !W '( : 04 X-r-Pec 0;A STO -R C X-Special Instructions iO U (ý:: 1 DOC' 0'):j! (C." C 0( 0(1t! %I ($) riot 01U ()M ) 001 BOB BOA VOB VOA ' , '...HPRI F Rso DOA: voc 12 IIFC EFC - N I7 I t jLPR LPR1 C0,1 C3, I C, * LPR LPR VI1 IA DID 0101 0CCo C Y-Special Instructions ONco C C,cý:: j. ýOo! 1:t I tý I C c0-¶o) 0011:i ON-. -- SAL ALS I1 C. ~ SIL SIR i~r' t~j 0"iI"tl1 10 SRfl C..' 4IS, SAR 1t? I GE/ EE/72-7 Channel Addresses C3 0C Ocro L, 02 00 1 0:! 0 20 ) 110'.'0 (6&) U 2 " 17 40 I 02 06 2 c.c'o,) ci10;1 t 22 26 lizcO.01i (,2) Ic(66) A 2-6 1010 1C0,.," 42 04 4 C.: 24 0 46" 44 •") tl 00i 00 16 12 10 Oii N'IItI 34 16 MUlt (76) •E - PC I¢l01 0ttO 10111 (1 ) -..,'.) , H 2• o0 0 oo1 32 30 1 !4 I(72) 1t*1 I . (70) MOO 35 15 (76.) (6C.).11":0 Vitio L 27 I110 IOh I(oCo0 010101 14 ioioC N 2- 00111, ?7 3 22 10 I C2 ttjC 0 O £U.c:1 (52) F :2 E'" 2% "V -29- 10100 (5.) .50 • C2 Flag Store Idle |2 E i .v (4.-..... -C13 . I • e•aucede leCode OU81 0.4*t~ai1 F 50 JTeienetr, L U H SBa Load Codes C, SC., S(03) Ha•i it QI:•. 00 (c,'/) Location ICO o,' W~ Comrput Enter J' ( 10 o 0 f .'., Verif.y Fill .) D00101 Cleor Cp, SFig. 2. ~ tVech Di•ra,'*.w of Ciawnal AddrocsseG and Flag Storo and Load Codes j GE/AE/72-7 A quasi-octal representation of the codes and addresses can be ria-de by ' cona'--;"'snd° Waing the binary reprq,eue,,-.ntion. I -. verting to octal. is necessary to a.ssume pseudo-zero It The quasi-octal represenbits in slpecific aoo.ztiona. tation is discusscd. in the Dl7fl Computer Programning was a~so: Manual (Ief 1:8). '2The samo type of corr.tion ' used in doei natin- a sector location in thq FOI,_YRA1.i program. Fig. sheui, the corrcl.'ation that- wias made between the -- loop, .- loop, U-loop, B-loop, H-loop and a spctor location.-- I I The concept; usd in writirqg the simulation program was, Provide: the same Idata to the to have the person using it program as he would if in the lA-.boratory. using thý actual! computer he wcr The switches must bo turnod to thc loading proper positions to a,-,,pi•1 anct con.butgIg. The clata must bc error' free to successfully execute a program. The type of display (register or memory) is speciflqd by the user. The D173 computer simulation program consists of a The .rniil program is 'a main program and eight subroutines. comipilation of thrce distincý "sections each of which ýerforms a major function. These three sectioAs are the roading atnd translation cction, the nonco:nputo mod• co4 hows the proL 4.,.. tion, and the co:mip'te node v01tion. ,,ran: flow botwoenl rhone -OCt~iou- of thr, iftai• program and, tho sitbroutines. .... 'J'ho oi n~rnz.Iioui ' , II , nd. ,:lAructure of .•)-ch o01 12I 12 tho.C; . 6w ne '1 GE/EE/72..7 .. .1 ,V-LOOP . L LOOi SSCTR" . '1 0 001 002 003 0 0 I4. TfAN 1 0 1 0 1 2, 1' 2 2 2 3 1 2 4 1 4 3 4 5 6 4 5 5 6 7 6 7 3 3 1. 1- 4 5 ORT AN 3 o04 005, 5 6 9 1 u006 7 2; 007 8 3 010 011 9 10 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 2 10 11i 1012 11 2 3 2 3 12 -11 ,12 13 ,14., 3 • 4' 1 2 3 4 5 4 5 16 13 14 15 12 13 15 • 16: 2 3 ,6 7 16 15 4 7 17 17 0 18 ,19 20' 21 1 ;2 3 0 2 0 1 16 1 1 013 014 ""(0 ' "016 017 020 021 022 5 1 2, 2 3 4" ,,'1 i . ". ORTRA,•'; 1•14.•d FQ• ) 000 -LOOP E-LOOP 023 o024 1 2. "3 ::6; 7. 7 " 0 V05 '1 " 1:....8- • 9 10 14 *2 3 4 5 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 3 4 2 3 *4 0 1 0 1 10 9 I I . 170 (1, ,121. 171 122 1 2 1 2 11 10 2 3 2 3 12 it 173 11't2 123 1524, 3 1 4 3 13 .12 174 125 0 1 4 5 14 13 ,4 175 '126 1 2 5, 6 15 14 176 17 1.7' '128 2 3 3 1.' 6 7, 7 16 17 15 16 "•'• , . 3t ' ; fc.,r ~natioin O 8 3 .; a.,•lo'.',..l ndl lhAAW.-Word I,0oo1)11 V0,I 13 GE/EE/72-7 00 00 c -~I- E CL EE no- o 10 Ae oo 0 -J 000 93 4 ~ a. 0 I-I ~ 0 J2& .; 11fe 422-0** 0 GE/ES/72-? of the main progran win be discussed along with the f Stiouons p orzmed by each of the subroutinen.. - The v•arlables used in creatfrg the simulaticn program are also listed with a sbort desciption of how each is Readinif, azA T nSeetci The reading a-ad trazz- the tr•n•ls-ter end Interpreter portion ~ lation section is used. of the si=0lation Irogran. All Input data is red, inter- iwetedq. and traslated in this portion of the =In program. A tranf er of opmtion to the n-oncowate node or one of the subrout4bies is vad to utilize this data. The pro- ra~3ing language accepted as valid 6ata by the stmlation progran is described in detail chapter III of this thesis zAd ivill not be discraced. in tha following, descrimtion of the rc-1ndrt trcrlaio section. The reading and translation section is located at the t nn•in of th ]-ysically e sion. ateion prstoua. When the sin•nation program is lad-ed for execution, execution begins *-t the start of this section. The first output produced by this section is a headikn containg the • name of the simulation progr=, the dae, and the tine at The remainder of the reed- the begining o,'voexecuticn. inga• trand slation section is Interpreting, and translatin responsible for the reading. of input data. Input data Is read as alpabetic or ni-eric characters (]bllerith). This data is then interpreted as octal or binary data, a load code, a switch detigration (set-ing), or a niscellaneous K S! ~input or oo=-armd. E15 The miscellanieous inputs or co=;nds ame • G~E/RE72..? I F ILI GEA/EBI2-7 F a-as, Mot OE LOn Q-1- Fe.. Pi.6 Sic ntep-avo l J-cal GE/if?2-7 I -- ~ L--z -1 4T _________ I I I -.-- ____ J" GVU/E72-7 responsible for a variety or timations whiich Incilue the 0 following: register and rje=1ory display, discrete data,, IncreentI data,, setting of flipflops, and mode tracing. If data is interpreteia as oct-al data,, binary data, or a load code, a tranhslatioA is r=ade from t~he holler-11h reekesefltatio!1 tc binary integer data c~msistimE or I's end 0O--. Thils binary iterdalan Is then supplied to the noracorwiite mode of th-- sirlud-tatiol projzren where it is utilized. A switch designation re.~uits In a switch varia1 .ie bein~g loadad with the designation. 8731-fcellareolr inpait or conaand data re~buits In either the sto-I-ng- of input data or the flazzinrs (settin!: to 1 or 0) ar varizblez iuhich control progreu flow. F harlt the ora~io Vie readlmL and t thru 7. an& ~.sttm-.ýuO l~~ser-tioa are sh-s;.n in 71irs.5 Fig. 5 s~xwis the interaction amd in'terpretative ca~blyox" the sinulatian ppraorap-: extensions of the flowchart. zls-oio Figs. 6 *An in Yi.5 ? alre 2nd shoir the results of Interpretation of switch dasi,-atins eaid Ixter.pretatior- ol' niscellavneot= inputs an-zi co.-ms No-Con'.orzte 21,01 This SectiOii of Wse siwiiatinn 1aec-tin'i. program zi=Lada-tese the nt~ncanrpite zzole of the 017B co~putar. The nonemoipute raode can bp divided into tvuo cate-c'ries each2 performain-s a m-jor functior. Theos coapute load and n4.nco=zrut-a nanload. fimeat ion corqrisze 'snc bit one th 11" tU-o c:-ýter~oriez are non771e non-cormpute nonload fol Xo.iirr ncakc.: ;sT-c tit i9 2;rze:.ýre to operate', cw~tr2,~laia at CE/EHg/r2-7 and gprogrsa haltm. C control Iii the prepare-to-orperate mode, mode Mlpflops ear~ initialized. i)uringr syna, -bit counter 1 anCi 2 modes, a synchmnoitzlng be'te-een the clock track bit counter and the bits of a uord Is z.a-de. Trhe cmuul halt sol2e is used Ai\r idling, p-zeparing to load, and preparing to compute. The proaram halt mode is entered b7 execution of~ a progran halt 1-siusrution. Tin no-nconpute load JOfunction aIt 2 , eprepeve to Is nade up of' ALthe folla~irz modes: senpe', samie codew, 8 I~rity 3 and. Oprocxess code'. check% .7%e w~ait rwde is used for idlivdata. kic -fa-inu The prerere to sanple mode is centered when data is detected on the inwt lines. In thespe code aode the Input data is read. ;.:7e par-it7 chcl =ode Is used. for t-e tC.-e T. c~eclinz the hinz,,ut data for ode- pai- ý Ac-~ node the input data -i: dccded ani proJ-ýzzed zccordinL to the deciphered code. Pini-. 8 Is a flow-h-art of Ithe ,eibich tczae showj the pro.-r-an flow- betixen t~m~ze r_-des. This flowcimrt uass ured In writing this 1-rt of t~he simulation prqZra=. Kg.8is dre--m as a_ reitch d'Aai3-ar with t-he node control Mlpflov ztzt~eu as tliu~ trac~~ hroh var'Lz%-b~cz. the nonce:;pute Z~Oi5 -P an aS." in zection of thee sirni-l~ati~rn progran, tUse modc- control flipflopz hvve been inclu~ied as bein- set to r 1 l or ',00. ~iplom~e1~ ~iia1yset, in. 'Ue C-imlIdatlen Fnrl.- In the D~?3 cc rt-,ter Ithese hcn.,evcr, they war ~1 20 not needed osf the5 rcq1u1ýst! tl GR/AE/72-7 w 4w 0 4___ _ '2 cc I_ &4c g a at C. r II 00 FI. a. 2.fI 0 20z *' Lcd 21 Flowj -et-o ; ON/EE/72-.7 H eA~ PREPARE TO COMPUTE owedI SUBKODE ID=Oc I 104J I o ws~m maw I j I0I £ 0 C~O 2 OIDE~ mawK ;oBý"ur4. -REPAR TO LOA I S-,~v S~nw Kal Nod 9 FniCh 1 IPROCESSI CODE I OCTAL Data LOATO vERIFse S PassRA HALT~V DELETE 'ocs as" It-re ~ Jcc E3 ~~cir that occurs in a W4Rrea'lN yaroj-aa. TWo adltic~iam f I.ures, PigS. 9 mA~ 10 havc been included Yaicn give a -further bremkdo--m of the rroguy-an flm, in the ~Rnual halt* mods of nonco-Lpute nonicad and In the 0%rocess core* wede of noncompute load. go~t Fcde Seqtjioix. IW-cgraza siwdaite tvAc sect'.on of the siumilation thc ca=-it-- mode of the 1)17B ca=- uter. The com~pute node consists of moles viblc~ perform fivre major functions: snum-ber search-, Int;9er read",g "Instruetion-sea~rcn', winstruction reaV, "-l "executem. The mnriber search, number read,, instruction sea-ir., arad Instructio~n read nod-e.s are eq7%xivalent to the "etch cyce-r associated u-ith otr~her cc-puTLc~rs. ralent to th~e ex-ecute cycle. The execut-e 3ode is equivi -'uber search 2An Instunction search 1ox-tz Vie Eiz t-- =ýz in Uo~ hj le =-~bar read and instrumction reazi uodth~e locatca word fr03 memory into a re~ister. ~Rxcute res-u1ts in the execution of one of the 39 instruct1.ions In the Instructicn set of the D)175oonputer. Zrea- The ccmp~itc uroZ. secition of the siclaltion pr~o- sas usri tteni usluZ ase a~bove functions. uAhich shthi tUe A flowschart fr~a l.= in thne eowxite mode section is given in ?i-. 11. S~Oit1~~. ie sub-outines as-seci'--ted with th.e 017B compputcr sizmulat o1. g-ram were -,dofor v1iree purposcs: Thoze fimctioais i throu7-.h the po ui~ ere- ieeded several tints r~i ere craat'd az stforautines. )up RUWLER S EARCHI j READ It * Sr7 :1 1MCT *mKE -%I w KALIH It waIe leLscinFoc-r OREtfj?2-7 £ Subroutines falling into this category are Subzroutine MOAD, arid Spubroutine DsPIAY. subroutine liD -4- ~2. £ Those functions uhich are only jalle4 from3 one wht dich ars or su~ch importanace place in the ='An progzram, and imagnitude that a setmarte lo6ation is beneficial in the o1¶ganiration of the simulation progran.- Subroutines in this category are SubroutL.ne STORE., SV..outii~e A'AGS703* and I 1~7~Y ~~:ubroutlne -3 qn~ently'. iTose functions 'Which- ~i.not be u~sed very fre- Therefore thn'y could bx-reoe dX4qtw -sbU-t program If It *.asdeiterziaedý that t~hey :wvre not really needed. This wculd res-ult. in z~decreazed nmeory core siize needed fbrexecution of the sioliation, pmZranr. to Utilize all201 the i catez-ory ame Suk.imn A -ftsori!)t~ica subroutlmor v&i'1 11-o01ever, to be able iconZeat Of the M.:ým Dip,7 c~tiputler a~d ?nd Subrioutine !;-- of the 1Tunetioni _erfored by be jiven. t ft-- The ordier of exuylzamtioc1 is the order of appearance on the progream ]listbig located in (.&TO) inztý,.uctiors rhich L.tares the UonteinLs of the accxu.ilztor i!.: Zh n_%i-vy a~dr-ess the in-.7tritetion re:'isc~e'. ;if en !-n "AtS 12 thiru~l of A rnor--'sl loaiin;: of m&zory ils pazrfriaeii for till cN-,an-c1 iacrai 7_-.!onz e±icejit the sir-Lie ut>rdwr=ezC.Ca1CLnpid Aell chames 25I S GE/E/72.-7 72;R-lop) o loopus. Th stry-instruction cann~ot stolpe in single Storage, in ch1,Anels- 70 a~nd 72 provides th~e D1L7B with real tire control. * Storage in chnannel 72 results in a iiho-le vtord addition -of the accum-ulatow' contents. to the ad~d essed word of tie: u-Ioop if flipflop (FO)~Is 101 Set. takes pla7,ce. the fine countdoimn If F~is 01 set, a nnrmzl store Stopa-:e in~ cbhannel'.72 resullts in a Ppliz word addition of the acb.,mThtor contlents to t,-he addressed word of the H-loop i f i C i s ::0 setr, it allozzed." if PC Is 712 set n.a store T'hi!;s -broutifie ca:n deteat-errneGUS -vrudh settins r:hich ter.-Ainate :ibro'i-. Ae the,-ýMpanrt~nt T-his r) ~in the main P rovides the fun "Aon of lo"4ainv the cbntecnts' o1r t:ia 6.cuna-or in..o addressed menor.7 locatio-s, by 'the area-- or;,ýsnryi tlat can bee loaded Mhe subrautinne a-ra: 20 cold-s tora~e r-ezory emaxmels (channels 0-0 thmru 4i. thostrge e e.-017 comp-nel (chan-: nel -50)2 clmn-nel 2(!-o) cihrannel 54i (F;-loop), channel 56 (F.-boop), am-d chznncrl 60 (U-loop). 7'his subroutime can also datecit erronieo-tz, s-.idtch settin~;;v:iichq will ter-.minate the progrnm mim. A~ call Is =-dt t~hissurtiefm both the non-ou-te --de SectLion and the compute mode section of the m~in ywo~zra-. * j~brranltbieoi'7 This s'wrouin prraform-s Uthe fumc- iion of unlbnadin:: zn* ad-essed w-rd of mermory In to the - S -re~as ter. Te innonm~a ion zun~-.2deAd is' th.en- ved either * 2? ~ ,,.4ct~.,& - - -X GE/Eg/72-7 as an ins hr!ctlor. or an operard number. This subroutine can unload data from all z.Adressable memiory chazzinels * Data unload~ed from c~hainels 7C and 72 is incremenotal data used *for real time cont11rol. if the channmel designation is either 70 (vI-looP) Or 72 C"'-loop), one of tw:o possible actions can take p'lFace. Pcr. ti-e I-loop, if VK (incremental iniput flipriopl is 102 set then nor-nal un-loading- occurs, houever, if 4K is *I' set thlen the one's co~plezment of the V7-loop is iloAded. The same conditions apply to the Il-loop and the settings of -_1K (5incre-mntal input 4i oYThib -sub- routine cain*detect out, of range co-nait-ions- for thle coldstore-Sc and hot'--s toraý;c z'erory cliannels. .ubroutiine ? tion. of decJip)-,ri=n* 2r.This subroustine pe:!rfornns the11 fn- flavr sst-ore location~ bit- (bits 17, 1Sq 19) of the L-tstructicmrc.ittn and. sterinX Ithe contents of thia..cu~ib-at~or in t~he dci-ohir-ed cba-inmel at tkhe sector addre~s associatcd -An-the excciti-Aon of the present, instructionz. The fl.ý. store codes pr~ channels: efor storinS in tVic uori hotU-s tora~e raenory c1-±aniicP~l (channel 50), chrannel 52 (-*--loop),, chv'-anel 54 (!i-loor.). cia-_el 56 (E-loop), channel 60 (V1 .nd chwirral 6'*. (I-regis ier). i'Mie -emainrz tz~o flag stoure possibilities are flag store tele.-kr;-r sioal an~d _Clag, store idle. Stih'wt~i.le DiJVi:ýY. Cubfroutine2 DI.S.PL*Y provides the simuPlation pro7ram with the cnapability of displa.7ins the binn-ry co--rAen2Ls ofl all ra-ist~rz nnd loops. 28 Thnis -jubrow'.'11ne iGE/EE/72-7, has wo entry points, 111THY RM1 and EiTRY PRM2. Entry point liU1 is called from the readiL: and translation'section of the main program and performs the function of interpreting the argments given with the register command. An argrment consists of a register designation enclosed in parenthesis iMlediatelyv followbnrg a register coup~hd. ment exists) the If a valid arg- a-•lable llegistr is set to one. Registr being one set allows the min program to denote a register or loop to be dizplayed.- A call to entry point REG2 is then Mads to deerveine if should be displayed. the contents of -that,,-rA= jter--or loop REn-try point Ri-2 checks to see if the register or loop was specified in the register command arg-et, - - if not a return_ is made to the was specifica thuen its c~rteni.f3 -ill in prcfTm. if it be displayed as outz-ut. SbotL'~ ':~.This subroutine pro'ides the c&eability of dispilaynr'; tl.e contents. of ne-ry (0hann-=!s 0 thr-u 30) ubenever the cr"ycoz---n is specified. Ro entry into this subroutine a check is mAde of the memory cov ar-d • t OCV1l Or biu~ry. to determine ii the display should be in ~aienmory co=-n-& argumen-t consists of" either BI"-.RY or !.'XL balng enalosee in iately follo-in, a m•eory coaAnd. If ,arentt.es., vie- no argunent %as spezified, the default condition of OCML is used. In dir"playinlg the contents of Denor-y, only those portions of iemorY Vlit have been written into since =caory was last initialized -ill be zsho.n in the out-ut listing. i.ezory is initialized by .m'.itin:; t-n deciml 9's into each word of 29 C-E/EE/72-7 t-emo!y. Crcontents 'This ccondi tio'n is then ch'-,cked to &eA-ruine If the have c'han'-ed, and if they have, the cchtezits of that location are Printe,& as output. Žb2;; )3~3*This subotn provdes the cap- abili tyof ene ingdi~screte date and storing it for use in a Proranr uzinr thne discrete input Instructions (DIA or Dfl3). uotieDIZSCSM-!Z has two entry points, r"I'TY DISC and MITRY D-1~ En try po-int DISX is called~ to interpret and tr~iislate- X-.r-is crete i--u s and -s tore them 1for use daiap~ro_-r,input. A ~aimmr mu:. 19 13its make up each -X-discrete of- twn X-dilseratee input requests 13 allo-wed, because t"Im stomrages rea data array in the ?F3~iRIRAU iz; dizen.ic.'-e-d for 10. Fntr~y pi-n±i ;r:;i c-Iled to interpret and tran-s- late!-ci~c~teinput1s consis ts of 2, hi ts. r&ques ts is a-DLO-, In the Ti ZZIr,am~. the stsrasge are-a C-Pta aarmy proj;,:crrim izs dinensioned. for 10. -fhis .ubroutine prLovides the cap- Ability for ei.t-crin.. lincrerental data into the fotmr wcrdis r t!he_ four words of the 11.-loop. I~G-~2~~ icas ti;o en try poxbit Satr-. Pol~t- __; :cach Y-discreta irnvit m*- uz of ten Y-discreete inpuat boc0r ~ of the '-lo program L~inaT~ Ir.C3 ejd Subroutime Z7TT2Y IIX";. is czJle-1 to Inter~rm-t m%- translate 30 H GEEE/ 72-7 causes -lord 0 of the R-loop to be loaded with the new data. I•.) Additional Inputz fill !data. Nord 1. ot 29 and word: 3 withne This sequence can cmntinue indefinitely. Entry IC-1 is called to intnrpret and translate V-Increvental inputs and store in V-loop. input request is composed of 24 bits. Each V-incremental Four V-Increwmtal input requests f1121 the foiw words of the V-loop and additloi"ri input requests cycle through the four words agpin fillivn then with-ne-- data silar 31-mu1atio!I Kmr- Vari.ables. to the R-Ioop. This section contains a compIation =1 -descr!iption of the varWables used. In the D17B ce.-nutr si.nL-ation progr. A conplete alv1betica1 listr-! is r•-rde of the variables ulth desci-iptions of their am r-n uses -.IthinV. te pogra. Several of the variables bhave * been used for nore Utm cue Iimction. as baying no rizzr ge. Fort these They are described artticular variables and several other., the reader should refer to the computer printout and note the use rm they lave been uscd. of them in each Instance The variables dhat ere in this categor are distcsced at t,e end of this section. * Each of the -ariailes in the simulation prog=an are Integer variab•les or1 have been declared as such in an PIT-Br- stateLemn, except the variables "Volts' and "Voltage" t•-3iih are real variables. The ast•r. nd description of the variables Is a• follous: -" A(24) - Acc-'--l-tor, consists of 24 bits. 3 GE/EE/ 72-7 'borrow flipf lop. -Carry, B~li~IY inaxy=-O represents octal desisnation. 2_n~Iry=1 rep-resents 'bi7]ifijý-esi~gnation. - C(5) -radchannel CD( 5) - regi-ster, c6nbists o-. 5 Cýpammd channel buffer register, consists o1f 5 flipOflops, copies thie 5 least sigizificznt bits of instraction register, f~or 71'special Contains _C 2 ins t-.Utions. channel designation. 22iT Us-v& ranilY for - -U - rrd iou code dzsigat-ion. Cc';;-24~C2,2) rz~istcrs used for storage and r-~'~ti~nof inro.-mation in1 Prozra:'. -Cozacm. T?5 c~;~lre_-ister, consists 7-Lhs~cion Di):'crete otutru';%nazistmer, consists of" D(5)~ 5 f Ub qpz~. i)i~cate _-Itch. - DI:;Z;^- &t to '? :-uh-n out-pt u7lU be disp~ed to hia speed printer; set to "lo other- D2-(eeto-raa i-loopccnsist ?-Loot&, conz-ists of a. iords* - FM nit - - .lvstomre - ~~ ot.o: uords.l eettor desi--=tor. z~~a hl 32 rode to F_; or L~ (3B/Ec/72-7 switches to amnual halt mode. Ci GO3) Binary outmat regi!ter, consists of 3 '*Ii--flo - * -O consists of 16 words., ; H1(16) - H-low, IH*LTj - Data word cantaining, hollerith charactews rAAALUT. HC.D3(03) - Data array which contains hexidecimal c~,de 1'or nizaers 8 thru 15. 1(2'J) - Inmstr z.'Ion rjteconsists 2-4 nlipr'l-ps. -. I~iL. ~ C- tabn.cl-a~ iii Iii~Z -Set t .- of z72L1')!desiZ~aiou FeCharical in-mat s-.itch. in S'nitch, to -miul maiihl ode to flag 11N nlt Sav%- to Cas-lZmae nemory data to be- un!,ade into !ns truc t&io'z- re-sister rather tiL-m m~Z-.ber r~zir Is ~ -Cont-ins for trw-snission lines, caiitcins the lj bits of imror-s-tion arA a parity bit which mkae up the input data foa' ctal ana lead cedes. Ii~(In-oinut Conpute mole saiitch.. - thre-e*%sition Set to 1 by an UPY! bisracticm, used in prox-3an cont-ro-1 after an Hi~ii instructlon has bz-e.'i e:,eclitA-. H- I i- - "433 calculated e.AiL!-H desi~rition., smtr'uic-tionm sector. .et to I b.7 -- H."-a instruct'on, use~d to fl~-M: switch. to zX05mran imlt L-Zd! GE/EE/72-7 Set to 1 in im.nul halt mode to fliag X K-Ai~f- Q suitch or 7 sigm: to mawial halt mode. L(24) _iuztr onsiTe -Lo-wer - - o'f 24 bits. ontains nmb~er of executIoiis specified,. has a default of 50. omt±x Uthe mizber of exzecutiomi in co:.qpt;e6_ ýodaa and cow!mres with t&m rn'vbg~r specified. ;emory storag;-e arrmy, con:sists of 268-3 ;"Ahich inclrdes cold-storage and ~sores hot-ztoivý--e mzx~ry. T;(12892!) -- DIst.a crrvy ~-aith X'ZISC1-.coda design~ation for load codes. to be in -codv; set- t,- 2 viihn :--SCiI:-code s~et to 3 ~ithn raa,6 frt32 coic S.s to be rea~d from Tape_-; too0 tt en!d of 1-ce :-et to I1.-IneCn irim.A is _Ve 44~~ 2 ZCII.' is to be- ~~ re-set (;;mz-ntpar7 on -S-z.;c'Ch ::umber yt) ra.-isto', ecnsists, of 24 'bits. r.iv!%I ew~. otzdinimr hollerith - desivp4ion Zii~d;;c~lcv"atedi~h for cj-raiqd chzxrlel. at ccom DaThta w;ord of 73. c ii~ S et to 1Lin a -ii-pp - ~'r~ t~a~~hen Iattal error rra te.r--ir.-ates rw h-.- been.~ ujxan ret~rn to t,:zin r~ri GE/EC/72-7 VIN1ES Qinitialize Data vo-id containing 9999999999, used to - memory -and detect out of range conditions. HLIST, Nix'aiz2 i~RE(1O) - - - - Integers Data array containng declivuothru 9, used in detecting valijd avrgumient In execute command. - D)ata wiord containing~ hollerith terr (2. CIMM itra z~rray contahnin- hollerith ckmracters of the registers and loops,, In di-splay-Ing the contents of loops - -uzed and regis ters. Data wordl cor tainiin . cracter MP.7133- A 1IS3G --- -- hollerituh Co-atairas calculatcd,?~3~ ~for desi-f3nation opera'id sector. ini saverl dii'remr~t a~iair V-sUa Vu*1;-hout Wi(27) -kt ~~~)72) OM - a y f or L-t er pre t I a~r-. u:s:cd ~in 4r-ta, ma".tch settIng-Ss, and eow-na-jds A ara s-ed to store 72 ciparacters ofintiut data1 -shich ame to be intervprateil. Ci r~tion-coc1e -.Wrage regi-ster,, cons~ists of l4 fliicpslz-'. Data iz-ord contairnZ7 holl-crith chF-ncters % -Data worod conttaullz;: Octza± i(3)-irer:ier Ona. con'sistzs of 3 fii~s 35 GE/WS72-7 thirough prozrazm. 0PR1 Power or-/of f switchl. - 2-loop, 3ineremental inp~ut loop P.(4)- conlsisting o-1 4j to-rds.BEGUiO) RMEIST .~ryw-1Aic Is set by register coZrmn21d to display those reAisters and loops kiven as arigtmen-ts. - - RI Va-riable ui'hich contains the code of the register or loop that has juist changed Comt-- mrini r ofiremetlios R2-looP, reset to 1 at coimt of 5 Ri: RUM SO(O) to incramenta'1 fi ipx' op, can be set to 1 or 0 by prZ~s input. -R-loop ~- Data tzr - c~ofntgaimn5 hollerith merrster, corsists of 3'3a- co-dz br~ 3 fip~~piued, in cawacatirZ locazticn to -;±-ich oeull Ai~ take place. lsed imirP-1 'ECT~~ to contain FOHr2A43 sector desi~tallion. SIGNAL -. SIR3La iaLeset oy s~rsal coiw-,nd, if' set to 1, inodess of operation will be traced. D-Data word cont-a-imirr bollrith. C-hamacters WSfl--IS1. T Tii=-nz-,sgnl TRAS -Set TZICý - (zonentary on). to 1 b-y TAinsatrction, used In controllinm ,ror operation after a .- A iciar'i oa has been executed. et, I. in *.:,it m~de, used to flaL 36 GE/tE/?2-7 U lpconsists -- ;--loop, or 1 word. bicrermental input loop which conzists of 4j uords*. Counits niribei' of incrementaf biputs to ~-lopreset to 1 at count of 5. 71 -Toop l increnantal fliptlop,, can be set tcD 1 or 0 by p~rogram~ input. oittprat regi~ster., consists of 8 £~2Ons. !c() -Voltaire - arizable ussed imn calculating namlog voltn.- _ desiirnated by ccnent- o armay -LAich contains nm~berrs iz.ed -DMitt i-riable -..hicb is set to the num~ber of ~I2- t,....r ;se recv -red for e~e='&Ao.. i Z(1,0).- - Xl- rrv- -L-ichi stores _:.-disCreta e C'L nvut; ;L Co-mat.Z number of X-discrate inp~uts, rsaximm of" 10 is a~lloed. xi - CoIMts Pn=be-r of -X-discrete in=-ts -iised in ror-0-ain rhe -ater than ;U it assiz:.* ralue of -,I. y(Pi4vio) - Skri-w imich Ztoras Y-c-iscrete input, data to used in pragram rt m. Y-1 Y1 ~ - Comits, ninbeer of Y-discretee inpaits, a;'~iof 10 iro allod. - Comulitz: ntz-b.-r. of Y-dizscrete inq-ts- rzsed in GreateOr thsn YI it prOFI-rms uh-C 3? GE/JZ/7.a- 7 ZERO- De!t- mr0d contalunhi, o:t&IL zero. The Liajor portion of the variatles-imcludA'in this listin~g bave the same neam as ipsed ift the 1)17?Boýditer literatmw6. ?ort co.-arison puarposes, tha reader Is referred to the doci--enitz -.-rtzULa.g to the D)173 coaputer listed In the G&Ylicgrsr21y. Ozer 6:110-Il1;4) The follavisg variables. some of whick appear In the above list.Ir-S. have, been =iz2d Ia. several different apiplication3 In the siraulati"on program: UN~ Ia a a a yr. and 11 61 n!ess ;ocie' 9o W. Se~tI .0 - RC?7', - ifKera*3 variables have been pointed out for those interestea in wadifyiwz; tie alwalation progrew or for those Intp-restrc4 in ithti~Uo sim1Iatloa projram an a diffei-ant c~trsysteis. A descript;ion. of tbie or Zaization eid structure of the D173 ~optr chipter. ~ ~ or-mg h-t bceen gived In this Vie naxt iarza to be covered Is the sinulaticn, language accepted by thie sizmulation Jprqggram. GEAEE,'72-7 Ill. ADM~ =,e~2i LJ-S=Ja QcmuVg!ýr This chapter describes the sivjation-!3vi-tv~ undere Mr-M-4 coitcr*k by stood43 and acceptea&t sxmUatiort Prop'ua. "mhsiulaust-on Ung-unge- Is tl1,, input iata to the siprnlaz.&-z progra~z. the --imiiated wmm-t sd ar,% .Fe-t--oi for disciassed aoIi-.- rdith a smeL~t1 far' ci'estJ!- a sbortene& verolsn of the gsiEz~d;Lz.m '2=~-3a. Error detectira capIV. axie prsented in chapter ro~~ abilities of Me Chaloter V wil Vr*:se.t so exrezples of pmrzar~s that hava becen run almr, uat± the t-pcts of otzt~t that. are availFor parposes of prese-at-ationk, the sir'iitioa progmen lazig- a: Is divIdL4 I~nt- tý-.e foloA.In an&. lozA~ Cv)¶irZ, w3tehfYXv ez1commmrs. categgorleu: ibr ±'-o¶ i mputs andJ A Cssempt-icn of ths cemants ofP Use slundation 22r=-~ein eachl ol- %l!ese cate-Zories wIll be F,-.ven along uliih gtideli-,ez for uisln! eaich. ie!_* Rimbers and 7,2ý v~oeptsl by t simizlatiom pro:-,'-a~ ame: Octal. ac-ibers -0, - It 2, 3P 4, 5S 6, 71 0, 1 Binszyrn2er Lo--vd Cv-les Te 3rkbesr sys tes mA~ loat coddes CeXPiag RAIM, WLo.TIO2S-2 FMLL V3IER, A,j C1&I D2!.ST' (L descxrjtric- of "'h i/oad. Cocz:: Is givieu !.u Ji-pexndi. h) nI 'Three differenit representziiZ1lons of Ulm nwubersa~r OC-TAL, dg Y or coler can be specia"lic'. By ,ifin lwU~ ani ootal repz-ýsrntat~on. a %1iLm" -.pr.en1taltiomt or 35F cd GE/EE/72'-7 an ASCII representatior. of the numb~ers and load codes Ican be used. T'he representat.ion of te numbers pzi4qG1ca codies in the three specifical.1ows are as foUotws: Octal - -ýepre-eritatlwio R 3 Ruibert- C 10000 2 00010: 5 101011 6 10110 7 001117 HEid- Zcdodes- 7-Lw Binary sDen!tation- C-:. T ASCII "ipeetat on 0 -2 01000 8 11001 9 11010 < 01h11 -. WhenEz C-ý!sisL pecif''ed Az~Cl :~aret~t1. 4.0 uj-,3 ?.z .qw--bers and load codees n ust -b bn h ba-eas to ba runi on thne D)173 :~caitr ire in t~he ASCII representation. The defaul~t specificaktion 5s CCTAL. *To terminante ani octal or !binary representation, aUl that is i'equireii is to zspiebify. another- representation. ant A';CII representation renuires that the letter ter;inat be supplied after the last 8H 'TO 5C1inputsmbl Doing this w~ill cause the pro!;M!.- to rtv.ert to the octal represientatioci or binary representation -Aichit had before The default srecification is as~d4.a. in~ pr`Qgrra!Z ter=r2'mat'_Gn, ,if or if Swi ro'results the p-azcr swit-a is turned off, is svecifi ed. c 8With. th-e sirlulatiolk lngmge in this Category it is n ossible - to sneciIr -itohle- and designate a setting, or p~~. code_ MeSmuto. nain A-ii~i i-2 accept~s these s-;-itch desig- and Provides -this i~iforP--vion to prog-am variable:, associatved '-'ith the sw:itcher. TIAle form for spe~cifyir - sithe is as followas: where s-dlitc~h is the desifxated cwritch iLnemonic nane, and. iirr is the e-.itch settin4 or Lxxe position 'of the switch. - Te switth'es ad.1 allc,ýed. sett!YLZs are as follows: ______h TiigT Switch ( ON(i'? '~I'enon1ic Zz Settir=- - GE/EE/ 72-7 M aster Reset Switch 0 Cold-Storage Write Switch &I(OiN), I Discrete Switch DD(01), Mechanical Input S-Aitch I:(Q.) Compute Vrode Switch gu(hA7), K(SIGLE), K(Rbi) -Tinbf Siz__l. W(OFF) DD(OFP) The timir-3 signal is produced auto- matically for the octal and ASCII representations. There- fore T(C0N) need be used crly after each binary representation of a number or Ic•d code. ?c~er L/MOff teh. The ti.-mng sigr-al Is-tned off The powier switch z•at be turned on after eacha loadinng of the bina'y deck, end this must be done before tŽhe rast~r reset switch is vent an s•mor is tlrned on, it pro,-grar ! pogram terz•--_ tion. remains on until it is turned off or the default condition for the power -aitch ir S.r-_tch. ':rc- Gnce the povar switch is halted and %ZcZDi OF 1r2C*RAiiL' is Initiate L-oadin turned on tc printed. Zhe CITF. 9"iis switch is turned on to initiate loading a-rA vuts the simulation program in the wait mc.de of nonconpute. and is It is a mommentary on type switch turned off by the program. Cold-Ston---e lrite Si'itch. The cold-storage urite switch is en on/off type switch that allows writing on the cold-Stora.e channels (cha-anels 00 thru 46) of memory when ( turncd on. ibo-n the suitich is off, no .Tritin; is allowea 142 GE/EE/72.s7 and aniy attempt to write will cause an 3-bnoormia3. PJwo,!am termkI'ation. G-nce i(C)has been specified this condition will remain until it is 'Aturned off or until the programz is halted and 2)CY Y1 is Printed. Ime default con- dition for the cod-stor.a;e write, 3witch Is GET7. r~iser $Sidtch. The master reset switch is turned on to Pin tiv-1-ize cartain flipflops, syvncrhronirze Use bit counter and sector track, lead Vine instructtion. register with atran--sfer C-2,1) noneo=-pte. jYh The 7-tps ter rs-:zet switch is a nonmentary on type ty ith (ctane ~allcz 5) turned on. SuItch is i'iscre-' .. V to chainel 00, sector 000, and linstruct-i" d ~z3n 'ejh-er ;ri an O'u/off, niz th-2 hot-s tcra~e chrnnel allm.- discrete outeus -e this swit-chl is o---? no .mriting- is allowed on c5v-nnel 50 ana any at-tmp to i-ri te will, cause an ab-nor.-al -Droz;r,-v ternia-1a-on. Al~so -0hen Lhis suitch is off no discrete c!;trsuts c-n- aR*,e-r which will be refliscted in the outputl. Once is tir; 'by the jprintin.- of Dc:)has until it bmenn specified, this ccndition .All rema-in 1s t=u-ný, ofI" or x-int.1 c~i ?~.: fhollouwinZ; statement: m'is Dr-rrtcdi. the r~a S'le is halt-ed ant, deýault co-ardition of the i:e~nical In~ut 3.:iý.ich. 71he mechanical Input suitcsh is used, for vuttl-nt- the com-Dutter Ln the wait moae of nonco-rputa from' the idle s-tboade of mnual halt. Uhenevei' IiM(oii is s!Zeckfled ito vus2-t be folio-wed. by an 2(i)to comuputer in V'q iFailixe to do tPic causes an ~--ai t ;xe ~eMerain mr-Ccnanicall input switch abnorireal pz-oi-rzwill be i:;:ed --;ery infý,avuz.;tly. is a snomentar-=. on S'tc;* position s:a'hthat Lf-mcwt-ionr K h- cG-xz:-zr-e rnodie swiitch is a threa -i-i tinc tlhe 51ilae alt ~h =nl is If th-e to0 t7e ...-~:, omput-r goes thrna twhe program c-.i ty~v-pa =-Itil -.n i~ tn~ io.-r C=,nue the proz.ran returns zhe the Compu7,te node s-ditch it--m.~ cet. I.o the ii;JiN pOsi tion, cont izco~eiio set to th-z -he SI:,*,%;*LE Position of' the ccm-prte is nznentaii' thce cO~n-,re-A,3 . ;ithis ha~lt riode to imit for furth~er suitch. sc~tzt-ni;;s or ccziii ISwitch Settin!:; instructiLon is exe''--Ue iTA the co=-..ý6 r'c&: is st~red in the inctructdcn rei~zte.- zm St.i-itc pasi-ticn # only or ~U-3ro-iti-ons allw~zs the c-e zc 'Yhe nexti. zoe to !L-1LT or ii&iŽ ntrd%-e can- be pe.-fo.rIn. ~i~~stC7,--r2 made J-iK~2, - t. V1hSsk,-I-Ch set- ate the to enter thB cc~t "I tur-ned of.&Pf by the c'-- be set at. ~~the s.idt'Ci at Via ~L rcodle. 'The r-echa!Iical input Cswi:tch an!e:ic d is ~2~te ~ Positic'ns. put the ousDr oparation occurs in h~tand- Procced) instructicr. is abno.-n-lly t-rairatea. co-dit-1n O 44A The "G"qiE/72-7 ,:iscellane%.,* Inputs and Con_ _r._ The simulation language in this category pro ides -,an:I functions that are unrelated but were not o; sueh tinortance to warrant being in a category of thei-. cn. The fm-ctians that uill be described in this catezory area -isted as follows: Hel.iste-r and rie•ory Diiplay Incre-:rental in"u-" Discrete inputs N-ode rc-'g Execution ecificatons-- ---------- - Settinr- c£ iwlipflops Ini tialization [iste.adr--1 ani ' play_-. eof tVe ree7isters (iJi,:) be displayred by use o- t,co•-rA h-zs the £ol where Ar, is a list -hi.e bin-aary contents of or loops (iFiGi,•,) regis.ter conn.The can res-Izte.- :!rz forn-: orfhe rZist-ers and/or loops to be The ra-ister comnd can contain from zero to ten specificva-tieos in the ar-urceft listing. A valid spec- ification is one of the follo.•in.r, letters which when :]• specified w.ill display thqe contents of the loop or reZ- iter associ--ýted u:ith it uheneoer the contents of that register or loop cn-an-e in a proý,aa run: •# I 5 GE/EE/72-? Sreciffcaticmi Re-ser or !L-PDisipl--ed i I ccumdator~ Instruction Zlesister Dxwer Accpimulator L Ii iwm~ber Riegister UI- 1 001) (l-word loopD) F-loop i4-iword loop) F S-loopD ([8-vord loop) H -- wi-~ord loop) H&-loop 7-~loop ~1 -od~~tio~ V R-looz (1 i-wc~rd input loop) ER Thýe argu-men-s o" th:3 re--is ter co=-Pnd can be setr-ratedi by com __ or ble-riks vr the:, Exanplez: ba re placed one after anctoter. iT&(.i!. ildiplay contcn1cm~s Of ýp-loopg ;-l-oop and accu-- "ISTg.. be displayed. The default, con-lition for thie register commnd Is BEUsT) . The default conmiition is assume--d each ti-, progiran run is tter-mL-ated a =adr~re input, data is supplied. Therefore if register display is iuanted, a re~istcr command nLSt -0e US-d eac. tirS &.ta iS rentCre-4 T~o display Lt.~e contents of cold-storage and hot-stora!;e '~n1-(cOni is Used. The P~O thru SO~) of ;neeory,, a r-emory co=and ~~ ha-zs thbe follctiiin; fora: 1*6 I-I I i , -. i - - GE/ER/7-7 whel'f Arg is the typ, of display requested, either BIM3I or OCTAL. If the ar-g=-unt is not int-7uded or incorrectly specThe memory comIazd ifled, the 4efault for Ar-g is CACML. can be used anyzhere bithin the program. Examples: hi.-),X(ML!RY) Hiemory display will be in binary. Hemory display will be in octal, Incr.ý-ental lrM-zts. Ae-cause the sirnilatio-n- -'ograý- wrot have real time control camability, provisions were made fer e-teri-ng eata in the V-lcop a•d i-.'-p. could then be used in t-he proCri does c •ing Tni. data e siated c0n- puter as thcu-2i J 6 hp-d bree:z: s-4p!!ied uncren-_ritally durinrSIreal ti-ze prcs aSIL. The frnof h.i -aru--st for enterfrg Incremental data is: £ Loop(Arj 1 were Loop is either V or Ri a-For Arg to fill it Arg is the whole ,,crd of the "-loop or il-loop, should ccr•ain 24 or mrz bits. 1inored. An 24 bits. Any bits above 24 are bits less t~han 2-'. results in the least sig- nificant bits revaiaiT.Lg inchan;ed. Stovzage starts with bit 24 and continues to~rds bit 1 until data is exhausted. Invalid bits are assu-ne. and a ressa!:e is output to this effect. tal inazt request sto-r-K -" it-loop (D;hic'er by the pro-ra. to be zero T.e first incremen- deta in .-.ord 0 of the %i-loorpor is bin.: fillcd). 4? The zecond request in GRlE/W72.-7 word 1, the third request in word 2. the fourtn request in -_. moi4' -. 0 and ;dditional requests start over wV-h .. .. word . 3. more dati., the I-ro- _7, again. prcgram terminates for tul, -r.- t Sa* repeat the cycle. is initialized to start no data in the ar~um-ent I t !s possibIt; by ic:b uif;h.ut c1"_-fljZ the -previously stored data. to skip numme.-s For readability tlan. in the •rxwacnt portion .nored a are The data can there-.eore- b%- arranged in an-,' of the re4qu.-st. r-roupings desired. B-amlea: with word 0 - 'MaTls reauest --AMOO 0131 C•O Oil 100. ''(1 iT"f fills w-or' G of the 1 -lxLp . ;!tn thia bi•Lm y da-ta given in ar-went. 70 (,C.-3O01ll,1 03 40) ,11 .1) . w-z-s ords 0. 1,, a.. r-uest , " Dascre~ A.. ".. etinputs Su•I~ly data fcr u i , Z are -n e•cs4er to (u)iscrete Input a %3 .nructic-ns. and biscrete intut The fc rn .--- - mi-S 0 11111i) to 2 of the 7-3o1c wit" we e..13 tf the i-.,,trest f o- enterln= di"crete Input is: where Type is the tyArc is 19 ba-ts fr of ci:.crate ir-p.iS, either X or Y, and X-dlscr-te iap-uts an-. 24 bits for' Y-dis- crete input.r. For 4C-:bc v,-ild .it wast c.ont-ain the num-er of bits to required for the in--.t type. It car contain rcre bits thr.n required, because exccf~i-ve bitLamavoe tho~se zr"U~ired areji-mored. lrrorxam rill I1' not entuh bits are szipplidi, uze tVm- dat. L-cyc-na 4s the roie.t how-ever, the until the proper 77T7- - Q-_ ->- -!*E--- CE/Eg/ 2-7 count is reached. Invalid bits are assu-ied .Ly tCe program to be zero and a message is output to this effect. crete init A mximum of ten X-cis- requests and ten Y-discrete input reques-ts is Additional allowe6 bafor- the stora:e area is filled. l! requests are i.-no,•d, array in the s tc s.'ues t fill ut r requeent-a" or-Ger "irox 1 to 10. ge Provisions for refilling the disce'te storage array once all ten storage areas have bten filled is .;i-wen in th.e initialization tion of this section. - ------ por. "in uslhn- the sto3-ed discrete_ inputs, they are used from 1 to t~he hic-hest ninber stored. the highest n er zxesuits in tVhe proZ-ra- =umber stored an Uever -A.ddit-ional requests beyond -- using the hiZhest sss-~e is or-ýZtp'A to this ecifects. :e- "t arhmoz-gZal terz~lati e1n- 010 th~e ~rr.ram- is 2-de o-r th-e .poer switch is inputs is turni. offs, the counter for using, discrete init-iali--ad to 1. 1dode tracin-r. contnts f a Eode traclng is prrar. operation are listed deciphering the in the rinoco~gute n~ode, the m~odes of as output. Instruction bein- executed is store is indicated if it used in In the compate node, the lister! as output and a flag wiaspr The mode tracing careability i- ed requestel by a signal cowmand with the followin: fore: -"eneve,e~ is s'_-:Ified r=presentatirn of a variasIe fr 49 in a D.c.ra.. , it flip the 1 to 0 or 0 to 1 depe-ndi:-g GE/EE/72-7 upon the value it had when the signal co~mrand was given. C iiode tracirn- is peerformed ~rfen the sign3al -yariable is 1. ialtenever a mrovra1_ x-in is termna -ted and more input data Is supplied, the sim-ial1 variable is initialized to 0. siZ-alm The command used vrith the register coswmard will give as outuiout a detail_=eu listinr: of the contents of a programi. Wt~Žiictm re are numerous oc~casions iLxeUin when a mao.7ra--ner will5 inad'ertently ;mrite a progr-ar which loops on itself resuij-1 tIMIn ezxecution Soing on -to inf inithm. To prevent thsfrom' bappeninq In the si-mulated computer, provisions have been rzade for counttiný the num~ber of execution cycles in Une ccte pro!rc-r -= wkis Ch '-ze zanzi ter-zinatin- the rn;::ier Eaceedis a specified z&.ount. The yrr:.c.~z_ if t.he nuz~er of eaecutions rslloeed- by an exec-u~e c....mwi. Thbe forn *A, Cte f~xiecuteawr is as follows: where irZ is eany four' digrit" -ecis~al nt-mer from OC-00 to 999-9. If no execute c~~.is r'iven, the default -ralue is "'.hrU7..(C50), lAtch ti~e the prosran termiInates for no-re data, Vie ezxecu'ticm cycle cowinter Is initialized to zero. HowvertU1?urbe of execouto-Dics allowe~d is Initialized to t~he defavlt valuze only power s itch turn ofor napall-inerz-al program termin t-ions, in4taP~in Th nero executions specified is printed out tehen-ever an execute co-~~~~r:I-: iaec' c~ GE/Eg/72-7 Setimn, ofr iFlitlor~.t The siwailation language described here provides the catrabili'tty of settin~g or resetting certain specified control flipflols uhich can change progrEau flowu when encountered. The flipflops that can be set are DA (de- tector) flipflop, ("-, (iamrentsl iniput) f lipflops and 7-K (incremiental input) flipf I op. Mhe status of stie "] fl-lpflop is used in the execution of several inistriu-ctions. it is raser. to 20' by prograrn control iisin;- tWh, ;-?SD- eeco-)Ltruction. insp~ -ToLIP set the DE. fliz-laps a co~in-ad inwith t#-~i.igfr~i used: Vhe ccrmzitior. of tv -0- tive'ILY.if .__-_ ti:ý-e~ist. in an 'nr&al for::. :J. flipt'icdzta is Se' 1-f r .n deti'rzina ti.e irito Vne j-Aj vr-.i i sets th~e one's co~plen-n-nt s-%-V~e dtais, iznlcaid in-to the i-re:gist~er. she form, for zp!ifjyi7' the cor-dition of the * aniR flipiflops is: where Fipf1iDlp is eit~wr Initial~gzition. orLKSsvd 1rfis or 1. lihen the binary dack of the slzwýatiain prograna is loaded for execution. nemory 1G initialized by puttinzg ten. d -reinal9's in every outputi t-ht -flizfolos r location, the bins-y are setz to a +1 con.-dition on all three lines, Oliscretec inutz requezt col"nters are sell to start caou21t- in.-: at 19 an-i the Di) vriA flip.1iops are 101 set. ihe GE/EE/ 72-7 P'r`09rer~er can cause the za-Cm Initiaiz~ation to occur by usingr the initialization this sact.ifon &-nd t n.A%- nie-s t!ýOd s1ulti,- r-iýz eyar-•1ei f'or toz~ram. i;anral ~iirit~tve which -has the folj-owing tc-zi:~e ?or a : for tCA.e cuz-sto- af Cc=ýutz 4ý-*m---ty--%-- uif ebapter V do -)173 covT~Aerl, but )raid the se-se Grouws :Ref 1) C - for -- -- a-m 5' ar--an-i~t a 'Lz-výt-z -: * Pprxram for-. fowid. mz'95-- * ~~visualize a brir~a-are cont c.- u an ','he ccn--soli,. e verszon ni- thIn rr for each swi~l~ "T.-OS arity beetween the sL.!2Thtian for oetitasitle reauire:; that-~ 'Mimaatio, 3.Un;U-:e Caa 'iai-lu to write a rite, doirn th-- that he .wood P--Sh b-z:iri~~eamite c c1' the sirdzi- n- l *Ch- hard-omre co-=--zt-C--. vwriLin.- a Win be labs the author is 'to each- elem-ent of the proemra- ten fp.- i~h4jc' r-----i sma-~e -~~ L_ co0aPaters the Progrmc~r Is not restricted to emy Inpuzt fornat. fte in-mut Is format free an&L can be entered 72 dharacterS Pew, line. * e~~mtinluous pragr-a =ds allms the wg wuith each mrom~ of the siimlation language soParateft bY r- dzliziit-r. fi~e theend.o~' required. Is lamgvags. Drto rite a sI i delivit~ar !z a character whiich i~. bguage worud. Mme deji-&ter me~ blzmk benthreen each Y.-mi~ of the alimuIaion Mcce-ptio'mi to the use of a deliniter are that octa-l data can bo groWuad and. -no deliAin! is needed for the ASCII reresent&ioz,,J Ihere vare tbr-eo wrord-d in thez simiaiblaom language that nmst beegin Lmi coliui one. 129Th Miese vo.-3are &I(-,' tmt iords i2{OF?) enid GO signify that tUe input data is Ces:P-1tc a re--' Md~tmi boirz t=-ný to b3 read.- Lnfti is intcaer-rVts1. 1i'-iVg ý- In cclu-" 1. characters im r e off at tbe em-A z. tns rum. calrses the simiulation pwczrai&% to m'tzn' wh~en it C-G,and by ",, siju-, Baterlr GSO for rare inp.ut data A coomzet 3.irne is created by sp=c- 7-9 Pmrogm i ýs the 71 re=1minfg that line. Whienever the slimulation zj~m;- tion, P3(011) %=ut be spe-.,fiea. be-fc.e iz *-t~aaed fci cxecu.. the I(Aionce pomer switch )'z-s been tumrea ca it remaim1 tuornd off' or --ntLl -4-V- yprogramm is Ll91ed1. on iuntil it is zv1(Ga) am& DD(C-21 wli3- also rez-ain on until t.n-,ed. o4,,f or -;imfl thp pOrftue Is h&1ted1. A typica) jr~to The rum ncte 53 Aco.-puter rE,,/72:/ will contain switch designations, octal or binary data and C> load codes, and commnds. and load codes, To enter octal iw biniary data the simulated computer -musto be in the wait mode of noncomputte. One of several ways that ttis can be accomplished is wdit-l the followiAng suitch ~dsignat~ions: The power switch ta-s now been tuxnkd on, the master reset switch has been depressed putting the compmu cer throuji the sprejpire to operatee node,2'ync bit -cmante--~ mode' where the ins truiction register I s loaded, with a transfer 62-20 the instruction to cimrnel 00, sector 000, ana into the halt node. The initdate leadihio the comwter i-o the iait storage oadcodnels Qhe si-ary in,* progrnn is a sample octal numhbers (1i4 and 2) the resewit .94 e'm. . Ton otanable n• a•llou trr-ekry 2i puttia on coldto be' filled 17B comsuter pro!t;art to add tbo n4 outpat a teletehtry signal of nsoawer: 4M01201 Ei-'ZTE - switch was pusheo 1inal h C-020202 l-417-fI 4I2:-2200O B.i~E CLE-0. 201 I&rl CeeAeks O 2 i,;i- G!lE/72-7 The addiition tpro--rani arid data have been entered into memory. TOO put - te sirzulated com~puter into the-coripute rode Aiequiress the followint- switch designations: -a iAR. The eo-naute s~ic.has been set at the .111 pos4t~ and. Une LmastAer reset -switeh Is depressed again puttinz~ the computer vw-nul ha~lt :ce go t h Vite cr7trw is reached aMAU cmue The conplet-e y-:;a-i woi-ad. loo-r as The above f t~he hr~o-u~d, the =cces described earlier. .n sc -r C:zrsistz uDO e-e,3Mn:- ietý ai o1L el: 24*bits (00TO~ C'-- Z Z;OZ0v 010300O). Ente'-in; or C-3 Pro-zides a readyr si z.-aI i=r-(Z2 toý the simult-lic _To-7an. the execution of t.Z.-e i~fi FR41,F i as To co'itir--.u'ar-:r .. A iT~s si::r.:u. res-z.tz in. rea__ datza splidby th~en. -24 Vhe cn4 -- re~r~~ 0o teuser.1' of' executW!. an rc -c2ta r: the - E/B/l?2-7 user to (ENT•T P11CGa.A1). At this point the user would enter more programs or sore data. If GO has be-en specified then at the co.mpletion of the p•roram run the system would re--iporA with the message to (CaNTIiiUE PRUC-Ai•.:). The user can now execute the same program over again with the sa-me data or new data can be entered. The pro-ram written onto the memory will remain there until ov'eruritten or mntil initialization occurs. To execute the same p-ro•r•m aain would require the folloiring: GO ./'o execute the same pzo.-.ora-. a~ain .it!) new data, (20 12) ,would req uire the rollow.-_,: a(Z;•() N S(-) CL3 1; 12 R;iEi FILL CL:i:-i 201 P '""" K(A1.) CLEAR 20 •"2' ":•(Ži) Go "Overwritin.ng te previous prof-ra with a rogram to multiply two numbers (+.0,003000 and. +.30000000) could be accoi,?lished as follos: I::(3*i) ,j(Ci, FILL Cl..-,P 1 Lc-- CT.:-•2 20! LC•.TI::" 02000100 "This pro-r-n ! "not eit•*.cr- 24.020202 U4777E- Vri•-c LO00•CCO•DET- o-.1d prrodce no results because it into týie con-rata moae. 56 was -o ezccite it wou'Ld GR/EE/72-7 require: iExecultio' of the an-swer. of th. r-~rozram j~rodluces a te1eieraetry signal For -- rzre cop-preiIlrmsive listinag of the the signal and register comput~e noa-3 -p-rtieai of tl2)o~ Covsrammds Can be used. ha sr commndns in the co.--ute =--*d the signal anad, register for t~he first fewi times, the mumbar of e~tecuitions afllom:ed. shioult-.b 4oe' 1 - This- is done to rpreyent lar.-e a7,00rnts air o~i ut-U19 in ca-se the po~e nal and register co-'-and_ would~ so, is re ros.-ible t-o -Awn a pro-ram endinng with- an instruction- (stuch. k as Vie mm.:viotus r-iito1L1or -ti po grams) several tincs ushif-. t-.;o dir1f~eremnt numnbers each time. To do Chis requires spe-cifyii, j K~li*ff) wheen thle simulated co-mmuter is in the proý=m lial t mzrle amd to foilow t'his by C. ~~~ th V ~)pt -ciyn ~ ~ ana h2 rxc iy~ lated co-:ntcr ~nth'e co--m-mi~d .- I ~ns br~al Specified b-afoi-ce mode zzit'- mil wcd -- sitzulatped* commnuter .Ln he =;:!ao~. pxuts the sirrmi- ~ci If a s iz-:ial or re-rister rm~() ould be- t2zaen -1S>!*".; nto2ri:S-' nore C,, ta. ic3i in this prevents the rsw e.ata is GE/EE-/72-7 * being, loaded into the cOmz_=uter. The signal and register ccz=-tnd.o- musto, be resmeeafiei -bef-Ore MROVZOI) s stecifie.d to allao.z. m~ode tzracimn; and register display in the compute mode. Tile new data van -be entz.rad b- s-oecif Ins a fil"'l load code and folloeing this -ri th the ne-data.*Th cn mrxi nor.b rou- Imc:: into ~ ;;(aUN~) follm~d by sbuAztion pro- computee imde by specifyrin-g -(*'' nis cy-io can be repeated as vany tim~es av desirsed. fTe~ 0 oir this rith t-.-o sets-of data t.-ould laokz as Vfollows: -12 z 7-he pxra-zio;ýs ha-n.ize results in. a transfear toc n 00030 LO2COO;R xencn~t'.red. into the c02:ute GO) secto 0 starting exeCUtion- at' th~at ic-ca4%tio.. rpoggran =r. be execulted at any st~artoimw loca-tion b ieiinq 500-rx Lr-'J--J:A-.-.. C:..7z-' izz~s the zLIA.;-.ss anzd location of oect-or the firzt*bstrictlion. t*:, It- Jty rho transfer- insltrmct.1 on ~~:w Puts tile co:'.e nt thee.~ z~- oeVrcontiiuaous rurz. shr-Jl hal 3ar eit ~~to en wtha GIR/EE/72-7 the computer into the Progra~n halt mode. If an Hi'Pi instruc- tion is not used, the prorraim will contirnue in the com~pute mode until an error occurs w-eich will .,eriainate the run or the numaber of executions exceeads the nuimber specified. Shortened Vez'sicn~ of I iimualai-jin Laiz~ge The fol.loiiin:- descrip'tion of" a rmth-odl for creating shortened versions of the simulation la.ng:,age dcoes not apyt ca aa switches (exceft, cormpute =ode s,.itch". or flipf loD settins ~ These parts off the languagce h-,%-- :at been inclu.aed in the discussion. --- Ashortened version of thie in-pat -- nguage can be created byf the -user. To do thnis reauiares - ~ing those lettterz of a sir-mullatian 3.aY~--.e &-am.1 vlhich are used by the F~ ~ iil~o ~ ~ or~ ~ ntni ~~ as the iLput fo~r tkhe .'-Cad. - etrscnbade &-'tiý:l to build a s-temo-nic for.- of in;1 L; anE~ using those le*tters ~rd i~c woe desired. The fol-ow- is a listi~ng of tho~se woro;s i~n the sif~i.lationn lan~-a-e which can be- shorzened, a list&-inf of the portions of the wcaNt whicb are used in inter-,re-tinE a shortened version ofl thae words W'hich era.- b-_ ftzchorten-'tc CTLU? rILT it, anta an ez-xazpl~e of o: In tverrzretin,- '!-! L;MnP-le of- a 2-hortanced -.'ersien' GE/EFW72-7 CCnPiJI oENTER *CLEAR CO COil EN EN' CL CL DELETE DEDEL OC'"PAL 0 OCT BIMPIHY B BIN S=i~LE SSI, BEIS~i(Arg) MJ CUORIO BB(Arg)-- --- ='BGAg AL) SiGnSML M(EO) FEM~O) S SXG EX(Arg) M~C(Arg) Mie six= using com~dtions ar-ply to the abbreviated version of the l.mmanguag as apply to the fulI-uord version. iARgaeecp b3an is needed!ca as a delimiter a. nptaaisetrd betreen each worl ofit the free format. A1. 72 colu~s can be used for enterin-; input data, however, no lanamgue eleamet can be divided. be-tueen two linse3. If a urordJ will not fit on a line, leave the re~i~erof the line blank ana put the word at the first of the next lI'm. A description of the simulztion has been given In this ( cLapter. This Ilam.gae cc-,i-.tz &vsit-c")i, andi~ ce~n~ axT z!'--ber-. coir.~s. 60 and load cod1es, Ahlzo dizctissod wws GA/ES/f-? the method for creating progrms to be executed by the stmAlation program. M.e chepter was o li ed ith a metbod for creatiag a shortened version of the simulation 2age. The folloiungchapt-ers ii give a listing of the erorr detection ckpabillty of the sent examples of itton pro and wi tro=r&• a t have been run an the sLam- Iated compater. 61 pr- GE/EE/7IV. Err-or Dcteetina Error dete--tion is one of the outatand-i-ng- fIsatures of the D1P,3 computer sir'ation progra2. With this capa.bility the prograim ta-.s can be error chnecked by the zinn1 - t.-ed Com-puter before tne--y are rim on the D17B cor-pater. To succe-es- on- the D17i3 co-,zrter tn-e fully load arz-d execute a pro-7-ai program bas to be error fre~e, At the present tine t~here &.re no error r~heaks rade b7 the D)173; -- pt exceptl. for parity and verifying- tt:9 contents or rezorY. The error dete~ticn prciide'i 7-y Ib -siriui31.on pyroý-r;m goes beyond cb'ecking- ju.?! porp.-Yan tapes. checked~ for validilty by coroparir. , aý7.inst the siz m h y7bl atfton iarý-.:ae ~yl~. i=ade, by the sl~jlaiton i~~~are also to~ deteat Anra'"I~ t! :-etAn-s,5 addresses tht are outr end 3L va'ic-ty J-l1 Input duta is of con~tiontso ol r' ; ofA t-*e- b 1-ojz tinst ýPrz nct allocm:e-i by th-e D17B computer. A istinz of the error stt~nsthat z.re -rovw.&'ed by with each state-,*1.' a'-e possible causes of the- &r-ror or aj 3t~t~/Cz of E~rrorz. ztantamct-itz provii'1eiý b'ý the 13 Alistinz 04th'eerror sdaic rra is as clcs ~F'~KJiZ X-DT-%" IS i~? r -i) 62 (Invailc a- GE/EE/72-7 "LOAD CODES J1UST BE 12i BINABI WHEN BIMlR ( IS SPECIFIED Adifferent representation for a load code was used when the binary relpresentation was specified.- ITHE yoIA•DLN• P J !'PUT DAT'. IS IW.i; -D: (Invalid Data) Portions of tin Input ;#-ord were interpreted but an improper sy•ibol ias encointered disallowing any further interpre- taticn. COhTUT_3 IS .'NiT I1 WhI¶C iXDE - DATA CANNOT BE EUTEM The pro--ram =t - be in the wi-t mile of noncompute for data to ba entered. -- ----- IN 4AiT ZKDE - D-.;•. IG/N02:_0 Ir Wi(3N) is specifiel-, the only tray to put the co-]puter in th.e w ait mode is to specify ?S(0.'). i:A::::c::::::o • r :: usda zl ___--kcn for the com- puree s• teh. Synbol) Iii ---- Lemn•hJ 2 1Fs been s paified,, i--It data r-ost, be. In the ASCII repr•esentaticn. &WMEGi "-SS"E•) B;!2 SP~CIFI_ --D 1IC31=231-C-Y The argaient of Ute execute co - DM?.'UL? rxALmUz OF 50 rAn muist contain four deciml digits to be valid. "0nV Vi 9: or C(IF can be.- used as the settings for the coldstorage memory write sw-itch. DISCHS SWITCij PZFEiiLDIGZ'L -4Cny -1 or ;DjF can bee used as the settir-s for the discrete switch. I6 GE/EF/72-7 Pc00Pa ONA/C-?P k7TA IS Ii:CC=-r.T Only UN Lr OIR can be used, as ~s ettings for the power CHAC:IL SPE"1IZD CA-;:%': -":?' 3A~ T~IAT f Only channels 00 thru e56 can be Iceaded by an enter load code. PiO;6) must te S-i-e t '( c%) An Plmi instruction tutstŽe Con r into thfe Prog1n halfo-tbe -u~T)mst be scij1tot__i--Of imod-e ar-d Charm'els 6lt, 70, and 72 can-o, t a us=-d T;itha-,Trnfr 11ot all -Ossirbilft-es for ;--zliSrto-shave wired into the cz:tr :~ iidceOf beemthese diagma. STC~LGZCA~O T: ?LC3 ~-~-~T~GE C~i2JJSIF C-LD SC?-?~; 125ZC ~~~~~~~~~a.11 2:IATED E~i~:m)r~ut be Speci-&icd eoc rtn ca-n take Place on cold-s torasge r~z,-Ory chz-rel s. The S`T- (So_ ntrci SW~c::; 13 Cj i' -i b;2!' .. : cno, 'CH: .CK ~., store in sicr-wor~v01d 5 ~DJiT SUITCHi GE/EE/ 72-.? channel 50 (hot-storage ax-emory channel). CO0W-STOP.AGE B7--IORIY CAINNiOTI BE !LCAD~iD IF COLD-ZTO3AGr SWITCH is 0FF - F fl;Afr.-) WRITE EEM(01 must be specified before wrltint, can takeo place on. cold-storage vem-ary chann~els. H~~TC~L:Gj&iir~ A~7 ~ Wi-Q*Di IF DIS'CREZ7" SWITCHI 15 OFF - MHGRA 1M ~ i DD(c;:) must be specified beflore wti;centa3e place o:! chnnel 50 (hot-s torare rry ca=or) FIAGS?&0-.2 IS AL C~t INLY IN- L-Rz '.is; STO" IS T~~~1 u ,, -L33-rcaiI::;7 If a ST,- (Storre) instruction is to 56. a M~at store Is aflo;:uu on-1y to chlamlanel An area of ner-ory has b-:-cnw, sin no data has berun loaded tbh-re. 1sTauCTcu--: i ziv de:7-i~rm:.t-el hao.tever no da~ta has been !iuord. RMEISTM. DISKiAY ?;.:J121ET I play Hlequiest) Register display czaAis ~. - c- r 15 IiLIdD - operp7ad, -xut trtir 1 --to' t.--Ja meor nic.t (Inalid 2'erister Dis- missin-z a 'Lf ra-.-ntbh.siz. (Invalid Symbol) IS ;XF11 A 7MAI)3 Fil"-ISP~a A 52-- 54,iOor P is'3ŽaS",, .2 A mezzuiry word. '.-s '1k**-,n :~3C~~ D-15PALL . - 1. syn-bol other than one of the ter. rei~s'lcr disp-L3a-' sytii-'lz was used. Trau cmapter Is con-mem'nd 't~i th Pr rin on teD1735 -,oputer s-imiulza TLi e these se-.Jen1eals #.zcý_s in the t s-rctzr t)he coin-se r~~1yo > 1_%the 1)173 COEi-A'.ter st 'ai ~br I. In this ,,~,lios the v.87 lon& cod-. out-. eOf ot ~e-Ie- im- -the noiooz.pte, ro-De Jrs ;ýho'n. puit r£vai3a~ib li rctaized. tem Fa".le Pro-!'a!m - u-~iU It. prezentr.i' wi~ih s.rj the tymes 1'f O1-t--:uZ ;;2-t z-q,~~; 0ftJ Seven U:fer on IPreOI3. rcid~r~ ent e~iari e!!-'zm-Ahgx bave beein ani1. t:hI e.-e %:e1 ThIA!s exam~ple do-ta -.my ini skticr is loaded in-to za-ay eitisplay in Vie n1Wc,-cmPujt- Sigraýl tratin:j and. af outT_.-t even f'or a sm~l wioun'it scm-nec 1'e'rmin- t-a o- dts]pTLayad b&ý there Uro cc- *oiutpji * L teach~i- *1 D'10,7 ;cs- Ulo-.ere: for' c=-uutcr thc 15e used as a Aid, A ammmury 'lispla, rie:!yst is exape proiran. rtim~ of the r~ f dae hC mae-anbe ni-d ery-_7-frqwt1, bazusý m-.ide at the en4 of this kTe miemor3 duzza Vhat appeaz-7- oni .;he UAsti'ig has a dslrmml and sectcer dczi-;wtiorx on the leftA. This address sthe miem~ory -d&r-ss of tne c-etal -worwi appe.-rinr, in the first. coLs'k±m al that rtsiTh scc-and colu:-m in the s&---e rowf C')Ata?'s tne m-nory -word of tha nex:,t sector location. fte sane, applics to all razaininý; i*or& in that row~. If a sector lo=2. -n in a rc' n-i tot t-ecn 103dcC- zi"i* fata M40 GE/EE/72-7 ap~pears on the listing as a iuor~l containming all 71? mow in which none of the smact 7 he locations awe lioaed with data do not ar-i,-zar in the m~ory dmup llstlng. The flowcbarta fo,- e:,aapie prograa no. 1 Is as foliows: ST-42T S2M3T i.r-ct :od es 7 DisDI DDAC!%) -c ST-3I 67 -*.--ý-! GE/EE/72-7 IF 0UTZ'f 1,. W'SE TYPE~ : :c- z Z; 1Sr T.:F~dl U*rtTZ= SIM-LJ~fl;2 PR,%a2AA 01/24/-8-9 TIM= ETPCOI, r CC43 '(2)2ZU) O i.-- PRM7SE 1- F?7LE ;z*DSSA-VLE :. PRXES- C:!-F1LLr C;,-- j,~~3f ?iTP2Fa ;7ZPES 'WLL BE I!FACED KALI.~~:~LeL IAIT A=~ ycd'jiz SA g- 0!E3- D17-1 c-ýpkl7E! ** *5 'SIG=!. 0: TYPE - FILL ja-:21:PG. -Z NA 19.43.00 . GE/EE/72.JI SA:f7i C-MEc -:- LC4-Izj*;: 3) ~ATZCDE 1 -- R-EARQZ T-;2r PAP:IL - -- -*:Wi * * L--7 *.-~..: I~~~ zz ~ C2-) . - - - - GE/EE/72-7 C-ES ;D(4) "2):.1) -T: z!TE-F - - HALT JF -AKlk:-ý MAL - LALT OCFA03 'SECT 033 *5 I, 2123.;5S7 !JC~ Z2Y ~*a l y;: z 77773777-o GCRUZI Z 77117M1 -Z~1.1--"; Fr..:.7 ---e T 70 TC VZ -L iALI LISTED C.1-TAI-1 1MALI *: GE/EE/72-7 Examle -Pro C) Nub-ber 2. This example consists of an add- ition ripple progrm that has been written using the three different representations for input data. been loaded and execuL--. seoarately. Each program has The addition ripple program loads 1 into Vhe accumulator and keeps adding 1 to the contents of the accumulator. on itself, the execute co -and, Because this program loops s been used to stop the executions at a count of five. -- The initialization and !-:enry each representation. iLode tracirL comand-s are used with and•-rei-i-er-display are used in the con•ute .zode portion only. The T1oi:chnrt fer exaimple plra.-om S; i ie..i-ory Drm -I- I Displa irce 9i splay (-) . 71 ' no. 2 is as follows: ~' :."'•Fl: •(0x)= GE/El!j'2-7 CIA A.-1 F-_ 'er-- nat -I *- & t !y 72 - E/=M B! l? R pis S.-74 24/2 -= -. - :c4) -I ~ c3 ;o*z I Z rz. A C2 a- ~F~I~ - 177;7 * 4-- z * -ai I i-z 7)p GE/WE72-7 BE!Bil . DEcic LIZ RIFL - ~~K jO 1~ C1i S I=PE Blr Z? il? C-LT EM:z;31 .Z:,' C33i!~C~ Z= .1,i ?P s'sz!! CZ Z PR ?V::, ;. - ! g;*ý T Z;1! 32! -cii1 =2!7 -. 3(Z!:,: CZ3) *.!i C. T! l C;U:Izay 7-4 'F. 2.;.Z ---3 -Z: Tl GE/i-lr/72-7 CLEAR L A~ aiT) ~ -CC. ji 0*3aaG C -1; != CO.: a033 0.5 -:.(7 0 tO 1 %:: -- EF*'--.-_; 02 F* ýz (E~i£R----"'M rz0a £?L C.~- 1 ZEDE- i- ?SuiIIT Siv OF -i Z 4iO105 rs 4 (i: P e ýý y.-. - J-i , :cT 003 *02 z z~t"r rwi,, 777777 is, GE-/RE/72-7 EE-1-* INS :S7-C; FIi ED =Y IT C;~?SI:~ r-M- CLEAR -2 l . --y s -3 A.C24-I) 02 .W %to 03 :: 40 ......... AX) lSTEM72- S~:A.:-E:P~A~: IsSc A4 E: i--F -- - ~iPE IF-iLT HALT .2E GE/E-3/72-7 .gaDl T.bis examiple is an- arithmetic Promrram- iHunfer program thlat uses a COa'- (cha-racter oujupalp) subro'utine to output the anns-wer as einght oc~tal digits. 2The CQOA subroutine was developed by the S~yst~es Lalboratory Group at Tulane "Th- arit-hmetic tcra consists of seven arithmetic routines ',4th starti-ng locationas at, 'the mro5gram address I litedbeloii. Each. routi-ne needs todazt-a- nuebers starting at the data addr-esses givenn. Progra~i j Chan secti- 00000ZDDD 040NN 01C.0 -~10 -f Iwith Isubroutine AdressD'ataAdrs ~.1-rn t~-l~ %Azam Se_________ct routi."em 02 001 S U3 r :-u tiir.e Co 001 r o ;1 vin 2 12) 0n- 14 coo 20j ooz -0 2-11, 000 S~~ru~e26 30 000 iihle io 331 rUtie 001 -ot-e .i-iý ro, t:i n e 32 001 Dach routine of the aritlmetic jpro.&ram- caml linik up the CCA szlbrautine to; Out-DFvt the results. is loaded in chinnel.3s 1- ard 4-06. which wzxts thse computer -in, the~ mri-a -In 00Os1 0-31 inst'rual.ion of~ the GOA. subrouti-ne _s A 22 used. to ozatmulk the disply is us-rrl- mhe last l'ý?R j ns truectioma h-al'U jrcide. this e:-xa-,.Dle a flag store televe- L 'The GOA sipgnal is also Nn~r o =ede traicincr or reg-is ter fl~c~r or examiple progran no. 3is as foliows: 'The prog-rami 14. RR OTI A iD 4ee r -; __answer Use - . t t _ _ _ ;reý _ _ .1 dat F.-2 mu; Go.S .i. G-E/EE/?2.-7 rele-mailry cl' a-, wer Use Surou~tin~e to OutDult - answ~er- 79 *A :)!73 *~ Ss A.?jVhri= rP2,2) f~AT= ;i/Ž42 --c TME= ýacol) Z. G-:) A44c-!; 443-~ 1434--3 -Z - S FILL CL C'- 201 LZ4Z LZ)- CL L .~PUT UC~.- Sf23 ^4 0 000 i -Z ~Z);i 44.11i2:! I43J 440 ** ='- -10233 203 21.03.47 ~-::~ __z: 7. 0 3 10 CUE -S E. 17--474444!4 52..ta0ý3& 5 24 0 52Z,44*0 524-E4-73 - -5!4a-o p7z -Cic~i;Ci:) XC(Z':j ZCFALT L ZN 5-=IZC~a L.Z: CC.;? ECRU"') I U-- 44lS; 4iOM 44455-4340 5403403 G-0 -;934160 -01 ZZ10 -440 52404-03 ; 3~ 77777777 034 777M IG~ 1717P1 I~ S317 44 014 4315AO 44 :?24 4: Ca 7177777?1744 772 lo 740321 7"7171777 is4-10-4606 4~i42Z-746277 - os. _! FL ~~~~qGsaa 1018 Zwý T!R C:L 2Z?; PT 7777 O-2 :: . Ro:Er: PH! QSA 7:1EZOFUý! 2; CH;AR; cI L :~ CUXF~A ~~U7 TT, i I.T CIN=~ C-l!) -. I 7i ER~ S2!"-r .1 E, =IA F ý.Trý CRA F ACli HiU ciES7FF ,v -Z- F1 ZX V.0I z YE Cy~z - 7 t L ER C:ETPiUT: a S_-CR= ; : HI -7 -u!;1:i-7l: FFCIA-E-rul,;i~z IZROVUlJT - 7 LCC 1 Ui L 1ýaý 0 ZIIJ IY? i5FU!?Z=.iTVz Zt Z'!ý !Z7.Z. 1~~~i COj a 00hI ~111 .0A C4.ýF=, ~ 01~2 6! 777777 G 44 -;LCCr p F~ 172 iL E GE/IE/?2-7 Mxap-rae " -o!am Nnber . T-his exar-:ole is a- program which shows the discrete output capabil-ty of" the sim-Waation Program. output llsti.g, To interpret the discrdst shoul.d refer to Fig. 12 in Auien-i the reader C. - The flowirchart for exanrlea Progra- no. 4: is as follows: SMART I *1 - Pl{i.J -- .. •--- .()() t•1o3"1 - -• •-H(o.zi) - .16 •i 'rr IJ tt, DOA, is+ Eixecut. 4 . - yes Terminate 82 ' SINPUI is at I T__ BE ..Th1l?zSD ~ i N4- - S.;-? I- t Zv :; S-.C 2Z StC.- I -a. jT - A .-. ýf -- U ?dTU S E Z- U T LTS*=~.5 LT . a_ DI~~ DI C~-72 I _T ~U w I -15:- ~ p -z I . ~ i Z:2-C K;,f' N, t U i. ZZS.IFZ SH*: u SI~ Z Z ý _SýL 1 ~Z a2.7-: ! -:; ? ~!~Cu.!Z ~I~C'~EX5:ri.Li~ D!FCIZs -0?TL L 1F E?! TS! .31H i A;=A. !M .7"-.~ S' U E U- S1G-Z=L - .5 T ' D t:_A C- Sc%.t -ru 'S _!I:M Fv=A Lv I~ r, ~~L :NJT Ns lr Z - .. B "'INE--_ -4l~Z3 : FZ \. .: T PT: .- . OTHER- GE/EE/72-7 Exca'mne 'Ir -~ a THim-ber Te Vi program for this example uses the binary outmat ins-t-ructions (BQAsBCI~vBQ9)a-p d-shwws the binary output; capability off the simul-aItion programe To interpret tebinary output, listling, bhe reader should refer to Fig. 13 in Apt-endix C. One flwiatfor example progrmm- no. 1: j - ST~ART I Load ¶rzrce MIA Int-utm Reeute 10 1 BOA MR(-i? 5is -as follows: GE/E:E/72a.? IF wiJPT iq ru!- sz-gA p- LasZE TYPE To P?RmfER, TypE -p- A.-D -yc'J'- DRI TER.- - DI73 CCFE?UTER *4 S4 n. TLAfl1 i anp F Gaii* 2* DATE= 01/24/12 TME (Ei.~ER S 31 MTRT OUTPUT 20.10.14 * RM--RA~i GAi---- PR(C": ME00) FS(C.Mi :--ALL 44010201 EN 42000lo Eýý -1=510097 40041000 72 4005;100 En 4W61030 rs 40071i000 V--40101000 Ea4i0311003 z:! 40121COO z.3 ;013icoo E3- zooo220 Es CIL 201 LMC 004601-3 EU ZCFZ.-) SIGZAL ?EC 3 )FRCON) RESUS~LTS CF $IFtILA'J2Ci2* SIlnAL C2 '- ODES TiLL BE 712RACED - EE0UE-R-CF L"AE=- SYNC 317 Cf~uZT=E I ZEva 5TZ SIT C.IJNTER 2 MDEr 0 C4) '-w M 0(C CcEPARZ I DLE S!'-.; C--ýUEO TERsFER I 0MUCTIM MF -,ý-MiL -ALT iirALHL -(IA "(24-1) OC0003 10S 0oa'G 020 003 .300 000 LEAýR & A. 72C1 - COLA) A(24-1) :00 3Z Oa IGO 0-130 03;; 030 C000 000 M!APT z.ljTP-Ui GCLIZE03 ) AC24-13 = 00`W coo 010 000 000 0-30 000 000 FIM-r.T CUUi'UT A IS 3 BIMR-fy %ZiJTEI C:; LICE- G10 w3F+1 A (2,1-1) = 03-3 ^-GO 00a !DO 000 ý'0O000 000 BI:LZ ZUT?V1 B&MAEY t.T'J A(24-1) II A lSMIZZMIN: - GCE4) L3:E GI11'F - I L' M1 1 110 a30 003 SO 00 000 02 85 GE/iEE/72-7I SIMEEY WUTFET Vr :-1-sT x10 a6i-MT CUMPUT -r. 91AZ A2-) +1 -= A - IOCF+ Z%,WT J1UT :M U1=SG~s. 2F 1III 110ajg c aonr C*20 OOZO C.,0 B=I:-T 23I?!fl 0,- IjZ-E 010 j-, $~TCU1TU +1 AJS1m 9 !1 mEnM1 ~'T ric A - !-;;?~I4 -F SM"SEY CUI1PU1 LI=E CD CF *1 A (24-1) =0Ga viq 3 ec- 5~3 03-W FfmSy mJTU In -a !iT SMUTY ZU-IPI1 cs. ZErE Gil :F -1 kc24-1) =I11111- 110 020 03 Mz.. Q~ t3- )- OOco 033 u 202-OC' Bm.. cu-n -AUC~5 T = T~VU77ua= L:-== 0:10 +1 FR1Z%5 iALT uii3E- Ts=Fz'rCiza ?Zizzi.i is-?- 2=5- 5EC 5 E I'- 86 I Exam-mbe uses gam ghm-gr 6. the OutA, -This ez-anDp1 Lntucin fPi-ear ~'~? -tý it:~ xa fotdEC. 4.0 is 20gri P(3-1)=001lS ADD is 87 -e I o nOO no nc an n Tiu~~npor~ o r shoii3.d rzalfie as follow~s: Load 1 rga -alag 10.he Voltage autput c-ityof interw~at, the vo,2-age outpui The is a GE/EE/712-7 0 ~~Ter.-ite -8 --- I Gr-/E-P/72-7 ~ IF OUTPUT IS TO S3E DIS?:-;Sa=D W, PR!HTE?.. VISE TYPE, -; bMIM 4* DATE= * TYPE 'P" -AND 'YOUJR 01THER] -~ R M.PUTER 02107/72 vsTICE 20,40,04 * ~(ENTERP S VOLTAGE C:?PU.PSGRfLhl 400720 FIL 441 - %0 I--- 4~0172~ a 0~4201 EN 40059SO00 EN 64020202 EN~ 50000232 ER~ CL 20! LCC CL EN CL 200000 EN aEC(0302) XCRU&N) IRC(O!) 4* RSU.LTS 13F SIZ3 JLA13100** 1.OF L-KECUTIO-2-S SPEC:L-332-23 PWASE= RESIS~TER P(3,-!)= 001 ~'(S1) Z01000G VITH!, A VOLTAGE OUTPUT 0.7 *VICS-1!): 006030301 'J-h* A O~iG UTPUT CIF VOLTAGE CUTPUT IS ONI LI c'E V3I11 *VI(9-1)= 0003090I3 V!IT A V-1-LAGE OUTiPUT OF ViZLTAGE: OUTPUT IS 20.11 LINE V01 VICS-!)= O03J00011 U11H A V:OLIAG CUTPUT OF VZLTAGE OUTPUT IS CH UINE V.011 V1(S-1I)= OU0000100 VITAr A IVOLTAGE OUTPUT OF WOLTAGE OUTPUT IS ON Uu3alE V0l11 V1(8-1)= 00000101 Vllm A VOILTAGE OUTPUT Or' VOLTAGE OUTPUT IS ONl LIK~E V3I1 VI(S-1)= 00000110 WITH A VOLTAGE OU1PUT OF VOLTAGE OUTPUT IS ON LIZ-!z VWI V1(8-1)= 00000111 Vlh A !JO.LTAP.E 0!UTPUT OF VOLTA GE: OUTPUT 0.00 V~OLTS .16 VOLTS .31 VZILTS .47 VOLTS .63 MILS .78 VOLTS .94 VOLTS 1.09 VOLTS IS ON Li RE V51s Ii 90o OF EXEC'JTIONQ1 HAVjE EXiCEE-EEO W;. SPECIFIED - PROGIRMu TO RUU A1UOTHIER PR~vG::LAii TYPE -rRLl'jf; TO STCP TYPE ýHALT MUM OF CF ROG?.AH2.0.45.04.sTop EXECUTI Ci TInE: .771 TERMIN2ATED ZPALT SEC j GE/EE/72-7 gommtiae Pro~a !~e .Tis pro,--=~ is an example of a progr-am Vhich- uses all the shift instructioiis -- f the )17Bco-rter imstru=tion -set. '.od-- trmaefg and register display arm used im- the co-mute mode on-ly. Mie flIOU021--t- for ex petrozraa no. 7 is as foncus: ZARd !odes M Display A*'-7-6003? Id'S thut AP.s S~L .wo 3 3 3 SAR 3 -JIg 3 3 90 GE/EE/72-7 IF CTPUT Is 73 WISE TYPE-a 3ZE~ ~~ ? D!Z CMUTVER 4' OXoG40 =2~ij Ir I=:T ?~~.03-20 ZS-__;5 -.%Fo2s~ 74f ""E I=I Z3 z IZASF- ivsTz~zIM_" - GBTA) Z324-1) = cc2l -2300 mi .110 0 Coo *I1 III CLEAR 2 ADD !S3_fvCA3 h(±4-1)~~ ea 3?a ~Om aill 111 ACC~UPLAU* LEFT !..i-fl3Sc1 Ats) AM4233=oi Ill 0-'3 00 C,01 Ill I."~ ca ACCLUiLAi.- 33 IT $33-17- ITT3I1) -T =~ 0301 11.1 12.0 000, 003 111 110 AMEZZAT ZZ $3 I ZSFT _T3 Z1J d2411 2 ~ 1M !oD 'W7 73.1 1:1 330 ODD MILT -~ IC24-1) C' : L2 -* R"IGE32T S31 l -;201Ill 137 -M3 Cý1 MI 110 91 C$..L SAR)1 EN 0T.DT_ E-== GE/Es/7 12-7 VULT LEFST UCF3 LE~FT SS AC2-1 =Ca! 12-1 sa ? AC24-12 301 Wis3,3C1 ~~laa AMA-:) EALT I 0,3!13 as 03- inD rF~aALT Am"D :I ?aa O 131 Ito 31 21 ~~ Cý.ft1 Tii:-SLP.3 3.:7 7;2 n-9 i.N1U4 -,J m C5T~~~ mai 123 II -- F22SFAB_ 13.4wa s.-:?Z m:RzR~zr GI/EE/72-7I WI., A sofo'ftar Computer Conclusion ID1 simuilation progrmn ofteDiia ;IaS U.-itten to sim-alate thae fun.tions-:of e4mputer. M!he dD~jectives 'the D17.BI of this siirnlatilon W~ere -;o ha-ve the sinalationi Pa'eg-r-am siiiiflate th-s aetiml com-ipater as closely as Mi~be."~s objective uwa rmea bea~use ir majoritty of the D1Bfizntions have beem- included In the Dig?~R e loair si1r71axtion of the mnmn-r~pte =,4 the- -e-armbing, ax-A intuaractidon fmactioflZ 1hare been wsed. In the -compue zwonde, ~d~ =~~nra'iting nery-j, md- instructio e--ecutioa. are all, par-al of the sirnlplaticn Prograw-v zae114herer possible, thesas al.goritk= iiap:Le---nte& on th~e D)173 %asa used in the simJ..ation iCIn soze bynpote Me~z 2-s wwo~c~3rell rincfienci-es ini the si aa~t-ic~a Proz-gamm, bew a of uzing t'm- sae lsorit;--= i3 tha the simulaionj porezam can b-- u.sed. asazab i-g I for Iearin~g the opramtioni of tbe 1)173-3 com~uter. A.-so errmor Ie-teCtica ums bu~ilt into th-e s3.L-7,.ation- pogvamr esn& has been very helpfri". in creatimg Xrogmeam tapes for tlie DIB compu_.ter. Reconm=?dation-S for g-gty D17B commuter fim-ctlon irh~cZ In the simirl Itiou- prE-mi associate-2iit There aex real _- ~ havre not been Inemrparated of these fu:nctieims are cantrol, 1rct-essing and Ancluile the Ckwtibi]itises for i-ne-een' 74/. ha 1)173 co-m-atr is someI caCale ipn-uts amdl11-e fdtea-S ot y~ -nrmtl ad incmremenal trae Unv b! 6: i--l or o to addingbits 61 uifolxiQeriest c-ontol.r ~o~ dhotp'gaicuto;-As the (enter EC fi2 coitd.n at finr-.ietc tin -ro comarteros too 1,-r-to- usede I -4' d g-rrcionare Vi]Lore:toZ111cpcp futonm theare iW m'exe~td Mialto finetý. count1 o-.w oitoith silaisn t -me inot oxe link fHuvr thefirn .2-~im; n bYtheoizeri-zA. por~o- Ir zsiufl. Llop i theoo ar- of ~ fte mot iiield ffvr' qnsmaciam wod mithe hXhea fn peje,Pz th cutheorigma - the thgeshe bu-atttion. 63ae thme o' iaa-4ee--tiiPro prga~pathoe t-- ab3-e re Ure b4ovama capabilot ines d~e&!.1crbey o r,--P contro o.t-d;licalon fo the orfams s-za adbth V-lotirrc.;onauo a-of =crc a t art 0 theDSIB c-,,pt--r. z-,_- assomCe- tdo Alsr oul a beo~tn for toring ion byTheasseber wnoulde a-copu Msilai-eoni cm eth2 ~as ~iz-*uia mce __iZadoa;r.to aa 660 sjrffl paa¶mmt o theai a=a_ j j~ rRII74.') a -,---.-.I-. - - 4 - I - I 1 program on th ne This mchine version of the progrbz. znae pimchc4 tape couidJ 1 then be supplied as aata a co'ter to both the- U - - S a& tba simulation program. - 4 -- S S I 2 I j - = - - i I! -I I I - I * - : - - I- - - 4 3 I - 1 4 I = I 4 2 0 4, a - - 1 4 __ I * 9s. - -,------ * -S ---____________ I I U fiibeorrrt 1 -- . p r l e a ns- * ,laz=.. czS~rr~t -r, f zb T .at t DerI-a31s, ry -mlcto- -,Z: ia n of p--utz Z _ m ae la -l e rs) l .z cf (r-anzt-i !900 60-306000._CD Flabliati--n t2. C, vn-c1 itiCtiC -tihe --- Data 4~~ ±eebr19,63, -96 17 OP-33 3y -artza~ 6. -o - -- 0-5 S:Lcaa the_ d oc21tobeerv19:. 1~z~12 -n =-a a- 0-:.,~-05---) Bruce ChsaltAterton- sms born on 31 Ilarmh 194t0;in-.Franklin, Ida-ho. He graduated froza h~igh school in -Preston, Idalho In 1958 and attenAiea Utah State Ijniversity for five qm-.aters. He enllsteýd in es of LI~ SAP in Decem~ber 196? =-d received 36 riidn- in ele rodcs andeoli to beeome- eligible for education indrthe iation qupmn Airman Education an;-' Coaission Frograj mm3?) He -wxas accep~ted for 1AIRCP trainbiin in Jume 1965 an-I atiten-4ed Ohflahoza State Uni~versity V-ere he reoeivwed the. zdegree of Bachelor of Science in Offie Trinn a c~isioain Scoo 'e T-c2n SAin Nove~i2[er 1967. project officar for the ?s -t and received He s~eL-'ed asa PorceeirSatellite Contral Facility In Los Angelez, Califformda. .1.1 attemided the Air Force Institute or Tachnology ifnare 33- received the degree of IKaster of Science in Electri-cal Rngiveerimg in IRardh 1972, Perzmaen:11 Addre s: This txhesis F.O. 'Dc 177 -rarn:3in,, -adaho V83237 ta 1yped by Bruce Catk I? GE/EE/?2.'7 AppwdJX A Printout of Siiuaxtion Program GE/.Eg/72-? 9. -~~S11! C' Cc7rE;:_z C: C:D f a SIM 0 SI'w SI'-*ATICN FCC62* I~r~; Cr~c EELS CWLeft acTwlW_ UEc TIIS'EASZC5 'TT"aSIN Sim& c U22 (422 zle casas C2!(53. cris. Sr3,5,FIA-, 3132, cz, V-7, 1"J4 I CMISS C03!.S CC%*EG1Z*.2, T,. Z13, !!3S, Clog) F13) ýV~c...SIe6' fI. TV C-F,, G=S, FS', cS=CT, 94, S-C=-L. ,To Ti "W 22 VwZEff CCES. O'5.12, (?3 C*,t- 3-, ST!caL. Z, VZTT t CM SIS' 31- Z52 * 9CCMSIN3 v SS!G Sir Sir ! Isic, ;lTrsE 7cC (21.), IVS± sill Ey 216s IF* c, INS s? X I0=23,9zV2ISCr Sit £L±. !*, Ico SECTS 1.a V. Vie VC S"19 ==GS61S1' ~t. X19Is. 1,e 11.ISFCWI IIW :i.:-==, czU ?z~i CL-,zw. IMMIS i's, 13-C, ~Sir - .Wqlrp 11'2211%1*9Cz 1. W a1W, -. wxz 33 Sr. Si, 33 ? TrzIl.21 P;1-LM W62 1wS 4941.2 52 ~I11. O5l 10232V:soTEII.25 STE 51. Sir S"P SIR STEW 53 57 55 57 so six SIX six 62 63 61. .'~?!I..?.)sill g'r W~I'TI1.2:153 ~ ~ 2: 3 Si ;I! 1! 23 Sg3 .D~~Sg- 60W`W~iw is 1 26 S11. L!S`Tvvz!1 is sin "1Sg I-wh Z541Ec.nal~: 1 23 ~L1-3 !Z2,2, - 5 ~I1.~11.SSim 11 3w B CO3 is zsin Ca To 3cZZ! VSScXT30 5 *C A-1 72 S,~ T -Sit 71 Si.' $Is SI.' 77 73, 77 SIS' $9 GE/EE/72-7 Ct z -sSi-- S11.5 =0 Ito25 %~~wj,. 3 ;*L 5CC -STO a. 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I~iYJ..wTSIM !FCC M-.6'.7i) afE.t S4 * 2131 SIP SIR SP 31 Sim Sir Ivey fl=VI-1 Sit! -SIM cc To Is wvm. TV-" 219-h 2116 SIP Sim 211? 2118 SIP SILO4131 211S 2129 Sir WGI2SIST26(1C3 2: 17-CvZ!5TMa.E.ex 6c Ul 25 "Cl. 2-5 Sze SClq Sift SS-:963S .25 ZMS zsqsw 2!9F PISir Chi~hT INCO 1McSx.CML*1 IF(4COL.GS..?22 GC101 S "L 15 1121.22. Sze Sze, sST IP CT A VZLIl ~-U2!TAL ILFu1 iss, 1-5 FC&'g*'Wrc ToC S'V*'2. ill!- IMIS 34. REPIACEZ IT ZEROOD ::;w;-: COI19 Sv'W .. 1.e IS =CT 2 TSL13 W-:,!CýEwv-3TAg I35-T. M1 335 :I~z9 4--*L'cEC. ?ý VIOC2 DOSZE A..30 1 t. I. -,g, -S - - 'tr 9. A'ar- - iaxiiz ;:73 stco S Set a. - D17D- Load Codes 'K I A C; - GVE/El72-7 DX?j3 iThstruction SetJ CODE. DIESCRIPTl(X1- islJzMI C C -3OD Add.- IDDI ¶i,'P1ES ,1 AMS Accum~ulator Tef t ShullftZ 00 22s. +1 AIM' L~ogical Anti to Jýccurm-.dator 40o 42.5 1 zARS Accunu-ia-tor ziighVt Shiiifta 00 .312s 5+1 R-aA 4-0 loss 1 40 12.9s1 40 02,,s 1 CIA Simary OatvtuA Birzary C-Ut ut Bimary OUtpai Co Clar Aoii to Ac-±ccuulator 44' c, s I CCGlA clia-racter Oputt.Ut A 00 4os s+1 BOB iiBOC C6O;- Co'nplement DIAL DIIS DI - Discre-te nIren A.-,4 D-iscorete Ihnimt1 B Discraete Outjult A 2-FC Al~U A~~i kc 50 s 40 26,s Pine loo62- anai 40 221,s Pý?_c-a .:aaitd- 4-11442 - RISD l0 46,s- * r ~ 3~ s- 4o 2os SAL SAIR Sbilt SA-ccum-eliator ft- ';fllit Split taccizmulator Rig"; ;, Shill; 00 20,S 00 30,2 S+ SCLE Shl. Sp~lit Compare and Un~it S-blit Lef-t iWord. Lef-t Sh- 04 c 2s2 00 242s Sun Split Le&f-tt S.Mz -a -) lfailtiji 35$? SilL SIM.l SSU I 1 1 I c~s13 Reset. Detector SD11t dd I) I 1 I 60 cys igord. 1 Rqight4 Silift f-iind.4 Split )Yrdtiply Sp:lit;- -i-Eigt Uorld L-Sh-ift DtiitL R i E;.t Ilord Risght Shi-ft Supllt Stfbtract`'00; B3-1 00 30 sI 31--1,s c~s 20 cs 00 S+1. 267 S-~ 00 4)36sSl+ 7 7I 5 N.tD173 mp2 10 T, oni Anius frnIer -TRA ri-nsrer cuui:az VO VQ oltae .10B 0OG Vo1ia~ze crztmi 3 VToltage C.uý-t C i-~~. so0 41t 30i s1 40 32 1 s 140 349;;1 GWE/E/72m.7 D17B Load Coles NALT - This lo•d code causes the 017B t6E-- top dat an. ner th-e program halt xncd6i halt ncde dill be ente-rel if Is the compute switch code causes the con-puter to go to the mnual ,alt m--e of nonco.-iute. entered if This The coepute mo-de vil be the com_-ite s•itch is set-at the Run or Single position. - ThMe ýmmml- set at the HP.aLt position. CO.!W=- - TMis FILU accepting load code - 0" sets the f!I/verify fllpflop (03). WRIFY• -This LJOCATE - load cme --IL sets the filll/verify This c-._e eauses tne contents of the Lo-er A'calmulator to be shiftc CLAR - ia.to the Tnstraction Register. This code clears the Lom.er Accula!utor by fillirg it with. afl zeros. DE MD. - This cede causes no action. SEI• - The action produ-ed by this code depe-ds upon the setting of the £illherify flipflop. code is first I111! r. WTen this deciphered, the contents of the Louer AccIImElator. is S Mlipflop tiranferred into the Acc- Ito 13-3J ()ulator If 0 3 is aOn setj then th~e OontentS, of the Apqyais stored In the meuor7 locatiJon ad4ressea. by the Instruct!ion Reagister. If 0~is '1' set, the-n the contentsofteAc. ultr sc-=Daaed udth -the conltents of-the MXMý1ry location addressed by t~he Ins.trction lRegster, Thme last; action of this load code. is to jb-acreametthe bist:_ucticn 2tegister by one. - - -. --------. GE/EE/72-7 :0 i -- A 'I - Tb B-rj, Figts U :?a!sintericeting - __ 7 '11 I El '-I V ] i: 10. a I GEIFSI?2-? C)~C= CA~ LI93? ILI __I~ij~ Lu se .-- F.2 - 4-~- u - b C-1- S Dsrt --- - en j ILI xx x x Ll C-2i I - " CE*1 - o ": 3.--iI I I " r1 3 - . .. .. "E C > <- - ia --- I 3i fi i! ,. ii.--D - NI i_ -- : lllI" S'.. '\• - ' . I 5- -( , -3 I , . .c- . .. . 0-7 -Appemix Dj __srution- S~at for -Usng AF!T '5-- - Forew-or& to Appendixz Dj A so-Lobiare suiwallion prograni has- bseeixx.ttn wbich sinulates the functions ofthe Hiiiuteren D!.7B COmPuater. Mihe structura anid org-aniza~bn~ of this similuation prograMi is descrilbce- in dhia~ter 11 of tlds t-hesks1-. lation language is p..resentieii ini ciapteer The Dl73 siri-a chapter I1V contains a U.sting of Vne e=. of st-at~e~snts of the Simu1I12 lation progran, and cbapt~er V is =-de up, of example programs vI~bch were 'rim on the sizi.ated com-outerz- r1his axpend~ix coataians nfrat for using- the Dl)73 computter s ~ai= u~a all APIT. Froceddures are siven for accessing' the sim-ulation program froma a teletjype ternThai. V Infrmo~tbion c ard. e7tra ri-n=ig tbe iuse of progi~am talpes iprozxam f~iles is also incluC-A.. A cmrensed version of the DI's s5.nuiati -- luan ge is given TollowEea by the Ii1stim-S of a sztr- for crea~ting a thoz-bened version of the simsulzation 1xanngz~vge. GE/EE!72-7 Procedlores for Usý the D173 Go~er Simidation 1-0at TheP DI 73 commater Sikulaioa,-p rog 1 b-- used fro~m -=teletype -ter-Li-aa a teletYpe ternini erence H~ansa a AFIm van as - zttont Procediures for op-eratii~t are con-tained in teintcrcom 2 Ref- i (R~ef 3). The simul.ationprra is available on Jthe CD'%f 6,600 %Comvut-r System as a merim nent file. perm-arent, file nae -SIuAIiis thie Omly ane versioni of- tha 03oram GM4 sts so a Cycle nmrmber need not&. b,- spacified iihen att -dh pern-anen-t, ffile. CY=1. lio~-aever, the irograO 1rhe sinulation programn reqT ~ io as as less thanm- 4902 Of mem~-y. to e:xecuto on 4thm oo0,60,0ri ~ogr~'s-r", on t7.-s.;-- catljogued Ca the The mraority of prog~ -aquire less tn&.an~ 5 seconds of canitral prozezssertie Or~era~iont fr~rr a Telet:m-e Tea-mrdal. -To access the sisnulati-do py'ogram from thhe zeletNyve ir-- ~lrequires thle user to LOS1.1T dl'it the 6600 co,.mptzcns. jare contairmeiCnian. 3, P. 3p). Proc-eadues for doing t:-As in the -Int-arcc,;. 2 Referimnce Fanua-l (R-ef 3: te log-inn has -ce-en successfully completed the teleltype p~rints aut Vie user i~ilrezscL-! itil to cZake the sirA~uatimn sysll'e- r-slpnd-L- aailable -rora for his use. rqet -A The by ty~t~he tinr-e an~d the a&ttah rejuest. Too1o-'edby i T%-_ user -ml2st decide if he tmmts th,-e outputll. to be printed atthe teletypq or if he- :-ns tbe batuh term-aa printed by h ispo -s UiQlne prnter. eltp the uptt UP output is to be the user z-*iould respond to Vie coi~ancl lwith If output. is to be diswoseZ- to-the highd spe-,-ed printer the ~- user ehould. rcsvmd vdh--.-~ "I7- illPS cG2m3:,FI.i The systen wiii mroess t~his request and thle teletype ium print the fol-owi~ng: CQIS22Tme user st±rui-d. rs-vnd uk~ah Vaich puts One sim-ulat-ion program inio execution. Dzuring execution. of his daathe user zehou"Id respond. to any nes sages that appe.aws at thle taletype. Hhen Vh user iishe ma runnipg pro,--ms. he sliould exit Ithe simmi'1ation prog)re-n by speifr-bu:12OF"a-.& res od to Vie inessage: by typing Mnesyse-mrcsDoulds ~-A-U" the nssag'o D- GVE/EE72-7 ýand prints the amoumt of execution tiim used. Mhs- MMfl be followed by -CO; YAIDIf output .s to -De disposed to the batcdh termina line printer, the user shoul~d respznd. with foloued.&by the ILGGO-- mro'lures containe in thie Inter-com 2 Reference ivianual (Ref 3:Cih-'aD; 39 P. 3-6). If outputl Is LotzU to be stsd -tb4ierfer then the user eao-ald fojllcr- th-e Droeedures for LoGoUZ. 'Usiurz Propmram Tazas5 i2rogwam tpe can s kuPply data to the s- *-'a-4.-Qzticn Thera. da-ta- on these tamms is entered. by- 0the tame reader locateed at e.ach. teletype termini-m. mhe, ProgramI tapes can. also be zt--id at :,:. tele-type tsrminal. Procedures for p---ing- an-r r.- of program tapes Is contained in the in~tercom 2 Reference iRaniý- (Ref 3:Ghap_-:. 2, P.7-9). Prograam tape-,s w1iicb wi21 also I,- nm on the D173 bomm* ~Puter Must b-- written usirag the ASCII representation describedj In chapter InI of this thesis. BleanRcst line feeds,, arA car-j ri-16e retturn-s are ignored '&;, the Dl73 compubar tape reader, so these- syzzOls ca-1n ba p-imch-ed on the tames. This a~llws the PrOf.ram taies: walich will be run on the D!7B- cozmlter to also I>- execasbeil te sizulationporm &y D-3 GE/EE-/72-7 Us~h~ xtern 0 l s TV~& Mies can be establisbed In-the- cDc 6600 computer vatich will suppWTl -3 resentatimx data In the ASCII rer-. -! - -to the simuliation progrem. The Mie.- must have the n~ames of~ TAMiZ or TAPRE3. T111ey-cau ba created at -the teletype by eaterimg SMM? rihen the tealetyjpe prints ýO LIM_- IThe-teletyp The user responds utith SETU1P. will process this commav-, avd itr-int tckt The usef- s3iOUla. iype MIzM7EtW or Mae telctypz: well respond with The user can pro-ee& to virit-e a pregrzo An 2ASCIII rejw-eseT-tation. Each'1 li~ne of tsbs ypogram-ri be proceeded b.7 a Illm'3 r 'nber. Procedia-re. for cireating prograsi hugeacn tained ir- t;-e UY MCCon 2 Reference Ham-iil ("Reff 3: ChaEP. 4). The last1- srsibol suppmlied mist80 be the letter 1111u. bol signifies the end of the program. 22is syn- Also the SAVE direc- tive should always b-- given- all Ube enI of a pregram. To use the -urogrmncreated on VAJE2, or MIFAPý3 the- imer must provide au argwu--ent to the sim-a'ation prog=a Ji~aI. EOAH(2 TALF-2. will result. i.n the read-Imv. of tile da-ta enc MaH-(3) causes the sirmulAzt.1Io data from TA=-3. TOMi is coin progmram to read tbe An ezarmple in -uhicih d~ata is read from as follo iS: (EI-R. M~GMAI) 0 ~PR(O21) iMR(O2I) Ei(o-2i) ?S(-C--&) S~im'1ati 1 a~gue Bfrary mm-bars IiPaM.1f2) is as folaowss: :L -0, Ifil rCT-0.1 t-oaý Codes -HA, MILUs VE~fl? Wheen OCCZL is specifiea, iyimb n~ust be in Gatal repraesntation. Blm-arY rapresen-ttion. be if-- input. r-past be in Whllen B-1INAUY is r-;=fif ld, '13hen MIU, is I repatesutat5.oi. -ma-cifiled, tupel, rist %Delault ISC~~h Reesntaio~ ~e~asetatcn Ih~brs-0 10000 2 - 3 4 5 00010 2 10011 00100 3 -4 ~101015 6 1.0110 700111 Loe.& Codes ASCII e-uresantati-On 0 -HALT PILL VEMIDOY caipulý-11100 ? 01000 8 11010 ZI 01011 01101 D~-5 6 IE/EE/?-? CVDAR '0 IE, ' Siuitediaes 01110 E11 7!:.%NaM -- Timin~g Sirgaal Power £¶MIOff Sni-tch niltiatre Load Sueitch ll.aster Reset.-Switch T(O-H) FR(w~)z 1'R(OFF) PS(O5) MH(O"J) D~iscret~e Sw~itch DD(ONi)s DIr(F) (Dafaullt of thase sw tches is OPT). Clo-=Ute Fo-62 Suiitch K(HA~) X&M.hGS)s (Dea4u--%At of thiis switohas i s PIALW) Display * - A bimaz'o output listing of aniy orf the follow-; ~ reziserrs or lopps -a - be given i~ene-jer i-t-s coiten-ts c~ass iLf itapppsaas as the airnina~of thle RMISTz comanud: 1--zmOn1Ic -4 I L Rca~ple: C Register or LogaD ~A C. u-l a tor Thslax-action Register F Lower Acc-imulator I~uberRegister P-loop R U 17 H-loot, U-loop V-l0oo lTG-ISTE-R(A3=3,L Z) 010o. of argimaat- c=i varry frrom 0 to 20 anc. izust. ~ba ona of tcegivan above) D-6- -GE/M/?2-7 The cOntents of inemory uMi-- be -glien as out~lp-t .v~ienever a M~EMORY cormA_ :is given: RE~0R(0C2L) ?eorncY dum~p will be gi7en in Octal:- O3Y(BfLHAilY) Hemnory d ilbe given in Binary. (D-efa-o13f; is OCLXL Discrete xhp'pxts bit-s as argu-e~nt)I -x(19 Y(24~ bits as Examle: -- r-_ (ilicoo lo;-o -olll1-11lSooo) Era01ple 00(4,110000 1 frcremental Inputs - loo- V(241 bits as a--romulnet) RI(24'bits as argiment) E=xa-le: SIEa V(0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 01011 R(OOC001iI112il100001101) c~h time SIGIULT is re-resntl",onflo usc-: i 0to 1 or f2 - sth to 0 "Si~IL is 0 at the beginii'-1i1,0,Of the prozr~rim. When Sic-;-"! is 1; lie io E~ECTExi E=M70 mm-N. "heComu codncyls Lf t --es 0-11c~ betracd. ed "o. Ofexection cycesution 050) 2.50 executions (Defwalt is 50 exeoutions) E~3j1~( D-? GEI/EE/?2-7 k YK(O) - virl f-limflop is VKl~() - 'VJK fl.ip.flop is 212 set. so set. -- - RK( 3Ms- flipflop is NO set. BK~) is in Set. - -BKflipflop ~Eii~iALZ~ r - Shpt"& "rsono~ - iemory is initialized, binary output Tliýpf lops aree set to +1, and disC-rebte irn'-ut counters are set to zero. iaton 'Tam -a Mue f Ooflo1dn listinc' Contains the sim13ation languase words imhch van. be -~ shortened, the imt-erpetingltes, j ~a d.cxa-I-6 shortened version~: Simmilat~on- Lanaguage mords -cidlaic can bIn-Dex-roreting1 ShorteSnedene --Persion LOCAfi5IOi FILL L F1 LOCFfl.& CGIMSS. co COX4 CI&'Al DEIETR OCTAIL BDLA~B CL DE 0 B CL DEL OCT MI SUMMGL RUNI S R SPIAG RUNl R -D-8 -Expapple of a Pa -. 'E)ME (Arg) REG(Arg) lOmiX(BC-MALY iKE(B) J4EM(o) SIGNAL EW- C UEGU-(Arg) S sic- EX(Arg) U~.r-,
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