AD 742_965_Software_Simulation_of_the_Minuteman_D17B_Computer_Mar72 742 965 Software Simulation Of The Minuteman D17B Computer Mar72

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AIR

UNIVERSITY

UNITED

STATES

AIR

FORCE

L

SCHOOL

OF

ENGINEERING

SNATIONAL. TCHNICLa.

INFORMATiO

SERVIC

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va

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WUSUrl-PAMISON

AIR

FORCE

BASEN

...

4-

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Oct 4L

AIR

UNIVERSITY

UNITED

STATES

AIR

FORCE

SCHOOL

OF

ENGINEERING

womduced

by

NATIONAL

TECHNICAL

INFORMATION

SERVICE

SpringftleM,

Va.

22151

WRIGHT-PATTERSON

AIR

FORCE

BASE,

OHI

Best

Available

Copy,, ,. l

Unclassified

[

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in

the

FC3b

Extendzd

laengwage

to~

be

used

on

thie

Intercom

Syctem

(teleltype-)

of

a

CO

"W0

co-qmter

system,

The

simulation

pr-ogr-a

co-s-Ists

of

a

r~ain

m'ogras

and

eighbt

subrcutirnes.

A

jmfrcjraring

luangtag

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the

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ulich

contcAns

nuambeasPrA

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ccdezs

wrdtches,

an&

uiiscellaneous

coimnzis.

£cc i r tmru

on

the

siziualated

co2-

puter

have

been

Includ-ed

to

shosDU

the

tpsof

output

aval(.ble.

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t~l

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of

-the

Air

Force

InstItmete

o.fP

Tecmbology

Air

rmdveSit7

in

Plx-4-.

Pu,,ifllent

of

the

Rere.es

c,~nth~re

of

IFASzer

o1f

Scienice

by

*~Rm

Brc

m~ttertzu,

B.S.LE.Z

Captain

USA)'

Graduate

Electrical

2MgineerIxg

1

Jzaich

1972

Sthis

doctism-t

bas

been

ap?-oved

fowl

pubAic

release

an&

sale:

it&s

cdstrib-rition

Is

unmliaitd

I I I I

i

GE/EE/72-7

me

contents

of

this

thesis

represent-the

ultS

of

doin

a

softnre

siu=0tion

of

the

Minutemn

D1?B

Conputer.

The

D_17B

compater

is a

general-purpose

computer

which

was

used

in

the

control

of

the

iM

tema

Nissile.

Mds

coppater

is

baing

Iftased

out

of

Air

Force

lnrventol7,

ani

as

a

result

of

being

declared

excess,

It is

being

nde

tutions.

The

Air

Force

Lns-t-itute

of

Technology

Electrical

SEnginear.4ig

Depa

týý

ha

acquired

t•w

of

these

c

dn.

S~Research

bas

be=n

started

at

AnIT

to

zake

the

D17B

Compute

operational

In a

leboratory,

nt ail to

develop

aPrpicsti-.s.

"Mie

voft-re

sin-lation

is a

part

Of

this

research

e-fort.

The

other

ar-ea

being

paure

at

the

present

tMe

are

the

desiSn

and

constrction

of

a

hard-

war.

control c•.sole,

the

design

and

construction

of

an

I/O

Interface

for

cmtrolling

a

tape

rczder,

tape

pinch,

amd

teletype,

and

a

description

of

the

DIRB

conputer

az

the

steps

to

be

folloved

In rai it

operational.

I

vmnt

to

express

zw

appreciation

to

Dr.

Frank

If.

Bromn

and

Dr.

Gary

B.

lan-_t

for

proposing

the

sMLa•tion

ProVMUas

8

n

area

of

research

and

for

their

prse as

advisors

for

this

proJect.

Special

a 1ovl

nt

is

due

Bob

Hitchell,

a

Systes

vn-ineer

from

fiemtr

Air

Force

Station,

Ohio,

for

the

Lo

ledge

an

docu

sntatlan

hicdh

he

has

i.-rtedl

to

this

research

vroject.

I

an

also

11

GE/EE/?2-7

-

gmteful

to

the

other

fce,

studets

who

me

doiUg

research

In

this

area

for

their

help

in

wnderstatii

the

opgrati•a

of

the

D17B

commtar.

DBram

Chatter-nl

..

It I

;I

ii

GE/Y4E/72-7

Preface

e

*

6 0 0404 0 00

--

List

Of

Figures.

..

*.

.e

..

*.

....

0

vi

AhesiCt

00*

0 ej

40

0

Ce0

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Gemeral

D173

Description

..

.. ....2

7

on-Go~ulte

"locde

Section

-v

-z ;I: &

CoznteI

Bode

Section

.1. ...

Sbrout-Imas~

~~.*

26

SifuoutineU

LW3D

a**~*

*.

*

27

Subroutin.-e

ia-Gsro

.. *.*V

28

Subroutine

DISTFIA.

0***2

Sifartoyj

ti'oa

nraee

31

Awibiem.

znd~

Load.

Cod"8*...

39

Sui~teles

a

.

&04

606

0

0 4

S 0'1

pwalite

O1ca

nssitch

42

Cold-Storagee

Write

Sb-.Itch .

.126.

.

Discrete

.i-dtch

.**.

.

.6

6

43

flochp*nica

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"~Cecution

specification:

50

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'tins

Fipvo

GE/Eg/72am7

S

ftM*l

4

oga *fibý

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Ekrammle

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Rmazle

Progr

g

A

~V1.

Conclusion~f

0

.a .*a

a

o...

e-.:&.

93

Reo~~e~at-1ons

for

PutI-,e,

Study

94a*

ftl~iogz'ahy

. ..

os

a

.aaaa a a a 0

*

0 0

96

Appendix

A:

Irrfltont of

Simulatico11

ro -am A-ia

ApPendir

B:

DIP~

I~t-.,t~cn

andL

DI

P173

ad

Codes

* B-I

App~~ixC:

?

,as

for

Imt-er-araty,

Dlscr'et~,

App=Af

C:

Pi- ...

..

Appendix

D):

Iimatrumtdiom-

far-,

UZIM-

t~he

simiaution

VI aa

a

a.

0 0 a a 0 0 A 0

Op-

9

GE/Eg/72-7

US RE

S.srctos

. 00 000

0

00 0s e 1

2

Veitcha

Diagrc-s

of~

Chame1

Addresses

and

P~ag

ftoi'e

and

Lo4ad

Codes

* * * * * * * *

it

.1

3

Correlaticm

bat~ieen

)iiamtellan

and

F(QIMh

d~eig..

mtIon

for

Sactor

Track

and

fluti-vord

Loops.

13

*

4

~D17?

Co~pater

Siuulatiou

ftmgrm_ Flow

..14

5-'

=ee1n

T~ranslationi

Sectca

Flowchart

... 16

6

Sm~ch

Interpretation

Fo~hr--

~

.... 1

-i

7

Ii200llaIeu

Inpuat

and.

Co.-m-n

Flowebart

..

18

8

fian-Con-mte

flode

Section

Flowchar't

0

*

0

* *

a

21

sj:9m7

:H3:::::::

22

10

P"ýs

Co~eho~e

loachart

2

*

12

Discrete

tp

tpus.. 6* * *.*

C-iL

13

B

1PWe Outputs*** C-2

14'-IeeO

t A

CI

m

..

... -

Abstract

A

software

program

has been

uritten

wh

-timulates

the

functiona

of

the

linutemn

Di173

copuater

at-he

register

transfer

level.

The

siulation

rmo-raa

is

written

In

the

PO

U

Extended

lapsrage

to

be

used

on

the

Intercom

System

%I'

t.

(teletype)

of

a

C.W

6600

copter

system.

The

sim:

ation

4

proram

of

the

D17B

computer

ims

developed

at

the

Air

Force

Institute

of

Technology

as

pert

cf

a

research

effort

In

aking

a

D1)1r

oapeaUonal

in

a

albor-atory

enviro.m

t.

2he

sizulation

pmogras

has

pro-ten

itelf

useful

as

a

teachig

aid

sad

can

be

used

for

er-ror

check1in

pnra

tapes

to

be

run

on

the

D173

computer.

It

can

also

be

used

as

a

standard

for

the

hardvare

version

of

t.e

cm--;tepr.

The

situlation

Sprogran

contists

of

a

=in

po-ram-

z=1

eight

subroutines.

The

min

proq--r

consists of

a

reading

and

translation

sec-

tion

i•hch

reads

and

interprets

in-_t

data,

a

nonconpute

mode

section

-ich

iup 1

ts

the

loading

and

Interaction

functions,

and

a

coupute

Eode

section

which

1ple~ents the

search,

read

and

write

=zxnry,

and

execute

fmotions.

A

pAinv

lan-uae

for

the

D1I75

sialatlon

program

was

formed

ihich

contains

nudbers and

load

codes,

switches,

and

miscellaneous

cowz.

The

rdsceml3ansus

conds;

include

such

functions

as

register

display,

ne-ory

display,

mode

tracing,

and

setting

of

flipflops.

Example

program

rim

on

the

sinulated

computer

bave

been

included

to

show

the

types

of

output

available.

• Tt1

SOFWARE

SIMLATION

fOF

THE

UTTMAND17B

CMUE

!

,

Io

In~.~t•_on

The

Purpose

of

this

thesis

Is

to

describe the

software

simulation

program

of

the

iinutemn

Dl7B

computer

that

has

been

developed,

Az

software

siculatior

of the

D17B

computer

was

developed

as

part

of

a

research-

effort

at

the

Air

Force

Institute

of

Technology.

T-is

ras-arch

effort

was

concerned

witth

finding

useful

aplcations

foT

the

D17B

coqputer.

There

are

several

reasons

Vhy

a

simulation

of

the

D17D

computer

was

written.

T-bils

prog•--n

can

be used

In

teaching

(--

the operation

of

the

D17B

conlrater.

It

can

also

be

used

as

backup

capability

for

ru-mzug

DI?B

Programs

td=

the

actual

computer

is

not

available.

T.-e

most

important

reason,

hower,

is

that

the

simUation

program

can

provide

error

checks

for

the

D7

promgmms

hich

it

executes.

The

.iard-

ware

version

of

the

D17B

co-Iputer

has

no

error

checking

caimbllity.

The

simulation

program

was

written

to

si-ulate

the

D17B

computer

at

the

register

ftansfer

level.

A

register

transfer

approach

was

used

because

It

alowed

the

D17B

couputcr

to

be

sim-ulated

at

the

intforation

and

data trans-

fer

level.

Thus

it

was

not

necessary

to

sinulate

the

logic

equations

required

to

clear

and

set

each

flipflop.

Using

th,.

register

transfer

approach

also

allou's

for

the

tracing

1

1A

• 11

I II

I

I i ....

•".......ii

.......

11

li

I•1

-1....

i....

H

I l .7

GE/EIE/7-2-7

of

the

information1

flow

In

the

simflated

computer

as

data

0

Is

loaded

and

propmus executed.

Vith

this

inforatIon

tracIng

capability,

the

simflatiom

program

can

be

used

as

i a teachIMg

aid.

Generl

PUB

DescripIon..

The

D17B

coputer

is a

small,

syncbronous,

serial,

general-purpose

diggital

computer.

It

as

design•d

to

be

used

in

airborne

catrol

applications

and

was

used

In

controllizig

the

guidance

and

operatic.

of

XizLnute=n

Nissil•.

This

copiter

has

severalT

;in

-tant

chactrstics

of

uhich

the

ollong

are

or

t

to

an

uderstandin-

of

the

sinulation

propa.

(Ref

6:5-6)

1.

Whcm

the

D173

ocipar

is eecut, all

computer

operations

re

controlled

by

a

intcrmny

stored

program

This

stored

proo=-

can

bs entered

by

eternal

iput

duvices

(tape

reader,

teletype,

control

console

switches.

etc.).

2.

The

word

length

for

this

computer

Is

27

bits,

of

which

24

are

used

In

cowupuatation.

The

resianing9

3

bits

are

spare

and

sys

%croizing

bits

and

thus

we

not

needed

in

the

simulation

progrea.

For

this

reason

the

word

lengh

is 2

treated

as

24

bits

throughout

the

remander

of

this

thesis.

3.

The

uea=7

storage

capability

consists

of

a

6000

rpm

agn•tic

disk

with

a

stoe-nge

capacity

of

2985

words

of

tehich

2728

are

addressable.

The

contents

of

nemoy

inclde

20

cold-storage

channels

of

128

sectors

(words)

each,

a

hot.-

storage

channel

of

128

sectors,

four

rapid

access

loops

(U,F,

E,H,)

of

1,

4,

8,

a=d

16

wmords

respectively,

four

1-word

C:

al-arithoetic

loops

(A-,L,

,J,),

a!A

two

'-word-

•

nput

buffer

CE/EE/72-7

loops

(V,R).

Cold-storage

channels

are

those

maeory

locam-

Stions

which

allow

data

to

-e

stored

only

when

they

are

enabled

by

an

extermal

switch.

However,

data

can

be

read

from

Cum

at

all

tin-es.

Hot-storage

channels

can

be

used

for

storing

and

rweding

of

data

withwut

an

enabl

switch.

A

loop

cnsists

of

a

word

or

group

of

uords

which

are

coi-

tlnusllY

read

ana

stored

on

the

disk

as

it

turns.

A

1-word

loop

would

be

read

and

stored

each

vordtze.

For

a

4-word

loop,

each

word

is

read

and

stored

In

four

wordtiaes,

an

8-word

loop

is

read

end

storea

in

eight

-voidties.---A

word-

tine

is

the

asount

of

tlxe

require&

to

serially

read

and

store

the

24

bits

oX

a

word.

All

portions

of

meior

described

here

have

been

imn-eued

in

the

simlation

proo-aa.

4.

The

D173

computer

parlorios

ce-puta-tiLons

using

the

binary

mnt,-sr

zyste!-

•ith

nz

--

ative

nunberz

b•iJr

represented

in

two's

co-plenent

form

(Sig

plus

two's

coaplee-_ant).

5.

l-e

instruction

set

for

this

coaputer

consists

of

39

instrwctions.

The

m

tewnic

and

octal

coding

for

each

astruation

is

given

in

Appendix

B.

Also

included

with

the

instruction

set

is

the

number

of

wordtims

required

for

the

ezecutimn

phase

of

ezch

instaruticn.

6.

The

input

capability

of

the

DiT73

compter

includes

acceptance

of

detector,

discrete,

increiemtel,

and

character

inputs.

The

detector

input

sets

the

DR

(detector

reset)

flipflop

to

"1"

whn

a

true

level

is

put

on

the

detector

Input

11--e.

Discrete inputs

are

trut

or

false

Levels

un

the

d1scr~te

iup!ut

lines.

Increzental

inputs

a"

sampled

3

GE/EE/72-7

inputs

that

are

incrementally

a4dde

to

the

input

buffer

C

loops

(V,R).

Character inputs

are

five

bit

codes

generated

by

a

teletype

or

tape

reaer

and

transferred

to

the

D17B

on

the

character input

lines.

7.

The

out-its

that

can

be

realized

from

the

D17B

cmputer

am

bi.ary,

discrete,

single

character,

ilase

register

so-,atus,

telemeetr7,

emd

voltsage

outputs.

Binay

outputa

are

coputer

generated

levels

of

+1

or

-1

available

on

Ate

binary

outpat

hlnes.

A

discrete

output

is a

true

level

which

is

put

on

one

of

28

discre-e-output

lines.only

one

discrete

output

line

en

be

at

the

true

level

at

a

tine.

Single

characeter

Is a

ccm-_vter

generated

f

ive

bit

code

of

the

4

most

signiflcant

bits

of

the

accaalator

plus

a

parity

bit.

!he

character

ouleqat

Is

nade

a;•,-,.ble

on

output

lines

for

drivl-

a

elet-pe,

a

te

p

ch,

or

some

other

character

code

out,=.t

device.

F-w-se

res-ister

status

Is

the

condition

of

the

paeregister

flipf

lops

which

is

available

for

mon-

t

toring

an

outpuJt

lines.

Telemetry

output

Is

the

bit

config-

mration

of

registers

or

voltage

signals

availabea

ou-

put

1

for

trnsmission

to

telemetry

equipment.

Voltage

output

Is

a

cosputer

generated

analog

voltage

corresponding

to

portions

of

the

accuoulator

contents

which

is

made

avail-

able

an

output

lines.

8.

Special

featcrs

of

the

D17B

coa'mter

inillde

flag

store,

split--word

arith=-etic,

and

zininized

access

tning.

Flag

store

provides

the

capability of

storing

the

(

present

contents

of

the

accumwlator

thile

executing

th-

GE/EE/722-7

Split-word

arithmetic

Is

used

in

per-

0forming

arttbtetio

operations

on

both

halves

of

a

split

word

at

the

same

tize.

A

split

word

on

the

D17B

consists

of

11

bitso

K2ninized

access

tining

is

the

placing

of

Instructions

and

data

in

awwry

so

that

they

are

avaliable

with

u1inum

delay

from

the

disk

emwry.

In

order

to

have

the

DI7B

coiwter

simalation

program

simulate

the

actual

co-pu-er

as

closely

as

possible,

all

of

the

foregoing

characteristics

have

been

Included-

As

a

result

of

this

sinilarity,

the.

siminulaXI&Firon

shows

promise

for

usefulness

as

a

standard

for

an

operational

D17B

computer.

By

comparing

the

results

of

a

test

program

provided

as

input

to

both the

1---auare

and

softwam

versions,

register

2nd

ins

trtion

execution

rlfunetions

in

the

hardmare

ver.icn

can

b-

detected.

The

D17B

computer

can

be

loaded

uith

progra

and

data

frou

punched

tapes.

Ehe

proran

and

data

are

plmched

onto

the

tape

by

a

tape

punch

and

a

tape

reader

la

used

to

enter

tYts

info-=tion

into

the

D17B

computer.

The

sIzu-

lation

pogra-

is

extre-

ly

helpful

In

the preparation

of

these

program

tapes

vhich

are

to

be

read

into

the

DITB

computer.

Mie

simulation

progras

has

the

capability

of

reading

the

sane

Pumched

tapes

for

input

data

as

are

used

In

loading

the

D17P

coaptcr.

The

slnnulation

program

tells

In

the

prepaation

of

progrzm

tapes

by

detecting

and

loca-

"

ting

Invalid

symbol.Piunched

on

the

tape

and

by

deusoda

s

the

pro,7an

Instructions.

To~e

sioulaticri

progran

als

a

GE/Eg/7Z2w7

the

caphbllity

to

detect

addresses

incalw

Infeaz7)

tht,

ame

out

of

raaro

of

the Present

pm'grm

bigriM,

These

capabilitiez

Lhave

saimo~

the

D173B

capputer

-

alauation

Prograa

to

be

very

useful.

Thesis

RN-1-ins.

Chapter

II

or

this

thesis

owatains

a

de-s-.

cription

of

the

strucur

aM

oirganiiticm

ot

the

sizua~tion

Progmam.

fte

funictions

per-Po1=id

b'y

the

min

proman

and

*

~subroutines

are

dice

=csed

and

a

description

of

the

7ariables

used

1n

mriting

the

simlwaaioa

pro

rm 3gi.-PApe

I

III~

contain

a

dewcriptioxl

0f

the

sulwAstion

laingume

iutach

Is

used

as input

data

for

tie

s9usto

1rogr=a.

Methods

*

for

crest~ng

reogras

to

bs

ran

an

the

sirmlated,

compiter

-

ars

gi.-va

Emd

a

M~tb%-,*

for

creat-ing

a shortened

vwer.ion

of

the

blimi-ation

1-N%-muag

is

prescnted.,

Chapte-r

IV

conita~32s

-

~a

listing

of

the

error

statenents

provided

by

the simulation

PrOgram.

CL'pter

V

acostains

exam~ple

progmas

%Mhch

ftve

been

ruM

an

the

is'ula

ted.

coptr

Several

proSS=m

axe

I

liUsted

which

show

the

types

of

output

that

are

available

from

the

sinuuition

progran.

Chapte--

VI

Is

the

coamiuluiing

chapw

ter

aund

oota~nau

re~

ations

for

additions

to

the

siuu-

latiou

Promrm

to

enlarge

its

capabilities,.

Four

appendixes

are

inclizkA

with

this

the,3is

to

provide

additional

inormation

and

clarification

r&

the

DinB

I

COM2Nte10

SiLI~uation

description.

Appendix

A

contain

%

J

-

listing

of

the

simulation

progaa.

Appsndix

B

"La

a

can.

-

Pilation.

of

the

D17-R

Ir..tructicai

set,

and

&.

liat11t3

=A

description

of

the

D17B

load

codes.

Apppndiz

C

contaiin

6

figurea.

for.aterprevin2g

the

simulation

prOgrau

output

results

for

bfr.-y,

discree,

and

voltage

outputs.

Appezdix

D

supplies

Information

for

using

the

D17B

simalation

program

at

AfIT.

Also

inoluded

in

Aunendix

D is a

c

en-e

listing

of

the

l•

•iaaticin

lnguagge.

t

The

descrint-on

of

the

D1?B

con-puter

simaulatin

progpram

presented

in

this

thesis

assumes

the

reader

has

a

basic

Imow-

ledge

of

the

DI7B

conputer

and

the

procedures

for

ling

lt.---No

attempt

is

mae

to

describe

the

DIB

computer

or

to

describe

D1173B

p1ogrzasmn

neethods.

FoG-nLermation

Voncem-

ing

thtse

areas,

t-he

reader

should

refer

to

references

I

and

-

References

4,

5, 7,

and

S

are

the

rm

sources

of

-

information

u!ze-'

in iiia;the

si-mlattion

prograz2.

lefý-

erencc

4 is a

tr-xainir

-

'n-a1

for

the

D1?

co=.

ter

UihIch

describes

the

i

motons

and

operations

of

the

computer.

Reference

5

is a

collection

of

figures

which

show

pictor-

!I

•ally

the

D173

fumnt.ons

end

operations.

Reference

7

is

an

engineering

rarial

with

a

function

breakdown

of

the

logic

eqmtions

end

timinog

diagrams

of

the

computer

operations.

Reference

8

is

an

Air

Force

Tecbnical

Manual

contairnin

all

the

logic.

equations

iplemented

on

the

DIB

computer.

.1.

IL

GE/FS/72-7

This

chapter

describes

the

organzatias•-strcture

of

the

D17B

computer

simulation

program.

In

writing

the

simulation

yogram,

tbhe

plan

*was

to

simulate

the

actual

computer

as

closely

zs

possible.

This

close

correlation

between

the

actual

cr-uter

and

the

simulat•

prograu

makes

it

possible

for

a

user

to

use

both

the

computer

and

simulation

program

using

only

one

set

of

progrma

ng

tech-

niques.

Hocever,

there

are

several-

areas

in

the

siuxzition

progrm

nhers a

quasi-Mimlation

approach

uas

used.

The

quasi.-sm!ulation

approach

uses

the

same

register

Inputs

and

generates

the

sa-e

re.sats,

bat

the

methods

of

obtain-

r

g

the

results

diffcr.

C

In

p-e-nr.•.ng

to

irite

the

sl-,laticn

program,

several

computer

sinulation

Ig,&,ges

were

sti-Aied,

the

predominant

one

being

the

Cox-•ute.-

Design

Lanwp.e

(CDL)

developed

at

the

University

of

•aryln-d.

This

lansLuge

consists

of

coOPUter

elem-ets

(register,

•EAory,

coumters,

etc.)

and

is

described

in

the

first

five

chapters

of

reference

2.

Portions

of

the

DI3

coGpiter

simiuation

program

Vere

rLit-

ten

in

COL,

but

becauie

of

the

xnavailablI.ty

of

a

CDL

cowAler,

a

transfor.ation

to

the

FVTM

langug

um

mde.

The

siw-0ation

progran

is

mritten

in

the

FoRTmN

fttended

Language

to

te

run

on

the

Intercom

System

(tele-

type)

of

a

CDC

6600

Cosputer

syst4m.

Instruotios

for

us-rg

the

simidation

prqo~aa

at

AFI'I

are

contained

in

Appe:iUx

D.

Appendix

A

is a

listing

of

the

similation

procram.

8

GE/EE/72-7

The

DIT3

computer

has

several.

codes

and

addresscs

wbich

it

decokcs.

and

uses

i.n

locdiner

Pnd

exe.,citthn

a

program.

harnatijh

'Napo

(icitch

diiagrranis)

of'

the

op3ration

-codes,

flair

store

eodle-;,

lotcld

codc's,

anft

chs~nnol

ad~dreS.Ses

are

sho-*m

in

Fijzc.

1

anOd

2.

'A2hcsc

codes

and

addresses

appear

in

thc

com-puteor

in

bina~ry

formi.

T~ho

oparation

code

is a

f'our

bit

codo

v~oO

to

db

termrine

the11.

instruction

to

be

ex:ccutcd.

1111

flcag-

ztoirc

code

is

a

three

bit

code

which

dctmad~ncT,

.Ihere

flerg

st-ore

wi-li

t-.te

olace.

The

load.

codes

are

five

bit

codes

usea

in --d~a~-itthe

co~mptter.

An

instru~ction

nd1drcss

is

a

Oevean

bit

code

whfich

ctr~:

thic

sector

location

of

the

tion.

¶iho

instx-uction

ch;annel

adress

can

o-nly bc

channged

(by

usjin-

a

`UrCM'c-for

ins'truction.

A

nvsbor

adareoss

is

a

t2.ebit1

ccde

i~hicw'

consists

of'

a.

five

bit

channel

des

ignatlon,

v&ia

a

neven

bit

sector

location.

Because

1?OrL~~inSt-rUctions

clo

not

oyperate

on

bintary

data,

a

cor-

relation

bot-.7ean

the

oper'ation

code,

flag

store

code,

load

coile,

instruction

nddress,

ancl

nu-mber

address

of'

the

D17B

comput'Cer

aned

a

nu-Irber~

in

the

FC')Rl'PAA

prog.ram

had

to

be

made.

This

rolationship

vwas

rade

by

tntking each,

codeo

or

address

Cand

oh

ingin-

the

binary

representation

to

its

equivralent

doecirIVO.

i'eprosanta'ti.on.

The

deciimaIl

represent-

ation

'vCas

thon

usocl

vts

t~ha

dcsl

griition

f'or

the

code

or

acidra:.!,P

in

tho

XAiy

'ow;ram.

Includled,

on

the

cliarranis

in

'IU,;.-.

I

aI-'1;

P.

Mr0

the

1iAMrWy

M'cnrostationq

the

cjua~.-oc~

~'c'rc:

t~io

ind.

the

1-'GRTIC.d

desigmation.

GVE//72-7

Operation

Codes

(C.;)

(1

0%

11

'(

!W

O9661-

octal

Cod*

Y-S~~~! FM

US

JOftTfAi

besigniletm

Oi~u

ol

:

!

OI

1:: l

S W.

MP

y

MPM

SMIA

SAD

ADD

SUE1

SSu

04

X-r-Pec

0;A

STO

-R

X-Special

Instructions

C

U iO

0'):j!

%I

riot

01U

0(1t!

001

(ý::

1

(C."

M

)

0(

C

($)

()

DOC'

BOB

BOA

' ,

'...-

Rso

F

HPRI

DOA:

voc

I

VOB

VOA

12

t

1:t

I

tý *

IIFC

EFC

jLPR

LPR1

LPR LPR

I7

-

N

C0,1

VI1

IA

DID

C3,

Y-Special

Instructions

C

ONco

C cý:

:

C,

j.

ýOo!

I

C,

I C

c0-¶o)

0011:

i

0101

0CCo

I

--

ON

-.

SAL

ALS

I1

SIL

SIR

SRfl

4IS,

SAR

C. 0"iI

~

i~r'

t~j 1

C..'

"tl

1t?

10

GE/

EE/72-7

Channel

Addresses

C3

0C

Ocro

L,

02

I

£U.c:

1 O 0 C2 C I ttj

00111,

010101

00i

00

02 06

04

14 16

1

2

10

1

2

4

3 ? 7

0:!

0

c.

c'o,)

10;1

ci

t

ioi

oC

C.:

0

N'IItI

Oii

o0

0

oo1

20 22 26

24

34

35

32

30

)

10

22

15 16

!4

1

110'.'0

lizcO.01i

Ic

.11":0

Vitio

MUlt

I

1t*1

I

MOO

(6&)

(,2)

(66)

(6C.)

(76.)

(76)

(72)

.

(70)

U

A

N

L

-•E

"

V

2

-

2

6

2-

27

PC

-29-

-

1C0 " IOh

I

110

0

10111

I¢l01

10100

10 10 ,.,

I(oCo0

tl

ttO

-..

,

,'.)

(1

)

(52)

(5.)

"

40

42

46

44

H

E

F

.50

17

2%

"

•")

2•

'"

:2

•

C2

Flag

Store

-C13

.

.v

i

(4.-..... • e•au

cede

I

OU81

0.4*t~ai1

le

Code

Idle

F

50

JTeienetr,

|2

E

L U H

SBa

Load

Codes

C,

SC.,

0

. 00

it

S(03)

QI:•

(c,'/)

f .'.,

Ha•i

Location

Verif.y

Fill

I

CO

J' ~

'

( 1

0

W o, .)

o

Comrput

Enter

D00101

Cleor

Cp,

SFig.

2.

~

tVech

Di•ra,'*.w

of

Ciawnal

AddrocsseG

and

Flag

Storo

and

Load

Codes

j

GE/AE/72-7

A

quasi-octal

representation

of the

codes

and

addresses

I -.

can

be

ria-de

by

Waing

the

binary

reprq,eue,,-.ntion.

a'--;"'snd°

con-

'

verting

to

octal.

It is

necessary

to

a.ssume

pseudo-zero

bits

in

slpecific

aoo.ztiona.

The

quasi-octal

represen-

tation

is

discusscd.

in

the

Dl7fl

Computer

Programning

'

Manual

(Ief

1:8).

'2The

samo

type

of

corr.tion

was

a~so:

used

in

doei

natin-

a

sector

location

in

thq

FOI,_YRA1.i

pro-

gram.

Fig.

sheui,

the

corrcl.'ation

that-

wias

made

between

the

--

loop,

.-

loop,

U-loop,

B-loop,

H-loop

and

a

spctor

location.--

I I

The

concept;

usd

in

writirqg

the

simulation

program

was,

to

have

the

person using

it

Provide:

the

same

data

to

the

I

program

as

he

would

if

he

wcr

using

thý

actual!

computer

in

the

lA-.boratory.

The

switches

must

bo

turnod

to

thc

proper

positions

to

a,-,,pi•1

loading

anct

con.butgIg.

The

clata

must

bc

error'

free

to

successfully

execute

a

program.

The

type

of

display

(register

or

memory)

is

speciflqd

by

the

user.

The

D173

computer

simulation

program

consists

of

a

main

program

and

eight

subroutines.

The

.rniil

program

is 'a

comipilation

of

thrce

distincý

"sections

each

of

which

ýer-

forms

a

major

function.

These

three

sectioAs

are

the

roading

atnd

translation

cction,

the

nonco:nputo

mod•

co-

tion,

and

the

co:mip'te

node

v01tion.

4.,..

4

hows

the

proL

II

,,ran:

flow

botwoenl

rhone

-OCt~iou-

of

thr,

iftai•

program

and,

.

tho

sitbroutines.

.... ' , ,

'J'ho

oi

n~rnz.Iioui

nd.

,:lAructure

of

.•)-ch

o01

tho.C

; ne

6w

12I

12 '1

GE/EE/72..7

.1

..

,V-LOOP

.

SSCTR"

L

LOOi

.

E-LOOP

-LOOP

1 •14 FQ•

.•d

) i . ".

ORTRA,•';

,,'1

I4.

TfAN

4"

ORT

AN

000

'1

0

1

0

1

0

1

001

2

1

2,

1'

2

1

2

002

3

2,

3

2

3

2

3

003

4

3 1.

4

3

4

0 0 1 1-

o04

5

9

1

4

5

4

5

005,

6

1 2.

5

6

5

6

u006

7

2;

"3

::6;

7

6

7

007

8 3 7.

7

" "

1:....8-

010

9

0

1

0

1

10

9

011

10

1

2

1

2

11i 10

1012

11 2 3 2

3

12

-11

013

,12

3

•

4'

3

4

13

12

014

13

0

1

4

5

14

13

""(0 ' V05

,14.,

2

5

16

15

14

"016

15

2

3

,6

7

16

15

017

•

16:

4

7

17

16

020

17

0

'1

0

• 1

5

021

18

1

2

1

*2

1 2

022

,19

;2

3 2 3 2

3

023

20'

3

4

3

4

3

4

o024

21

0

*4

5

4

5

I

.I

170

,121.

0

1

0

1

10

9

171

122

1

2

1

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10

11't2

123

2

3

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it

173

1524,

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125

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14

176

1.7'

2

3

6

7

16

15

(1,

17

'128

3

1.'

7,

8

17

16

"•'•

.3t '

;

O

V0,I

3

.;

,

~natioin

fc.,r

a.,•lo'.',..l

ndl

lhAAW.-Word

I,0oo1)11

13

GE/EE/72-7

00

c

-~I-

E CL

EE

o no-

Ae oo 000

0 10

-J

93

4

~

a.

0

I-I

J2& 422-0**

~

.;

11fe

0 0

GE/ES/72-?

of

the

main

progran

win

be

discussed

along

with

the

f -

Stiouons

p

orzmed

by

each

of

the

subroutinen..

The

v•arlables

used

in

creatfrg

the

simulaticn

program

are

also

listed

with

a

sbort

desciption

of

how

each

is

used.

Readinif,

azA

T

~

nSeetci

The

reading

a-ad

trazz-

lation

section

is

the

tr•n•ls-ter

end

Interpreter

portion

of

the

si=0lation

Irogran.

All

Input

data

is red,

inter-

iwetedq.

and

traslated

in

this

portion

of

the

=In

program.

A

tranf

er

of

opmtion

to

the

n-oncowate

node

or

one

of

the

subrout4bies

is

vad

to

utilize

this

data.

The

pro-

ra~3ing

language

accepted

as

valid

6ata

by

the

stmlation

progran

is

described

in

detail

chapter

III

of

this

thesis

zAd

ivill

not

be

discraced.

in

tha

following,

descrim-

tion

of

the

rc-1ndrt

trcrlaio

section.

The

reading

and

translation

section

is

]-ysically

located

at

the

t

nn•in

of

th

e

sion.

ateion

prstoua.

When

the

sin•nation

program

is

lad-ed

for

execution, execution

begins

*-t

the

start

of

this

section.

The

first

output

produced

by

this

section

is a

headikn

containg

the

• •

name

of

the

simulation

progr=,

the

dae,

and

the

tine

at

the

begining

o,'vo

executicn.

The

remainder

of

the

reed-

inga•

trand

slation

section

is

responsible

for

the

reading.

Interpreting,

and

translatin

of

input

data.

Input

data

Is

read

as

alpabetic

or

ni-eric

characters

(]bllerith).

This

data

is

then

interpreted

as

octal

or

binary

data,

a

load

code,

a

switch

detigration

(set-ing),

or

a

niscellaneous

K

~input

or

oo=-armd.

The

miscellanieous

inputs

or

co=;nds

ame

S! E15

G~E/RE72..?

I F

ILI

GEA/EBI2-7

F

a-as,

Mot

OE

LOn

Q-1-

Fe..

Pi.6

Sic

ntep-avo

l J-cal

GE/if?2-7

I

-1-

--

~

L--z

4T

_________

I I

I ____

-.--

J"

GVU/E72-7

responsible

for

a

variety

or

timations

whiich

Incilue

the

0

following:

register

and

rje=1ory

display,

discrete

data,,

IncreentI

data,,

setting

of

flipflops,

and

mode

tracing.

If

data

is

interpreteia

as

oct-al

data,,

binary

data,

or

a

load

code,

a

tranhslatioA

is

r=ade

from

t~he

holler-11h

reekesefltatio!1

tc

binary

integer

data

c~msistimE

or

I's

end

0O--.

Thils

binary

iterdalan Is

then

supplied

to

the

noracorwiite

mode

of

th--

sirlud-tatiol

projzren

where

it is

utilized.

A

switch

designation

re.~uits

In

a

switch

varia

1

.ie

bein~g

loadad

with

the

designation.

8731-fcellareolr

inpait

or

conaand

data

re~buits

In

either

the

sto-I-ng-

of

input

data

or

the

flazzinrs

(settin!:

to

1

or

0)

ar

varizblez

iuhich

control

progreu

flow.

F

harlt

the

ora~io

an&

~.sttm-.ýuO

Vie

readlmL

and

t

l~~ser-tioa

are

sh-s;.n

in

71irs.5

thru

7.

Fig.

5

s~xwis

the

interaction

amd

in'terpretative

ca~blyox"

the

sinulatian

ppraorap-:

Figs.

6

*An

?

alre

extensions

of

the

flowchart.

zls-oio

in Yi.5

2nd shoir

the

results

of

Interpretation

of

switch

dasi,-atins

eaid

Ixter.-

pretatior-

ol'

niscellavneot=

inputs

an-zi

co.-ms

No-Con'.orzte

21,01

1aec-tin'i.

This

SectiOii

of

Wse

siwiiatinn

program

zi=Lada-tese

the

nt~ncanrpite

zzole

of

the

017B

co~putar.

The

nonemoipute

raode

can

bp

divided

into

tvuo

cate-c'ries

each2

performain-s

a

m-jor

functior.

Theos

tU-o

c:-ýter~oriez

are

non-

coapute

load

and

n4.nco=zrut-a

nanload.

771e

non-cormpute

nonload

fimeat

ion

corqrisze

th

fol

Xo.iirr

ncakc.:

2;rze:.ýre

to

operate',

'snc

bit

one

11"

;sT-c

tit cw~tr2,~laia at

i9

CE/EHg/r2-7

and

gprogrsa haltm.

Iii

the

prepare-to-orperate

mode,

mode

C

control

Mlpflops

ear~

initialized.

i)uringr

syna,

-bit

counter

1

anCi

2

modes,

a

synchmnoitzlng

be'te-een

the

clock

track

bit

counter

and

the

bits

of

a

uord

Is

z.a-de.

Trhe

cmuul

halt

sol2e

is

used

Ai\r

idling,

p-zeparing

to

load,

and

preparing

to

compute.

The

proaram

halt

mode

is

entered

b7

execution

of~

a

progran

halt

1-siusrution.

Tin

no-nconpute

load

JOfunction

Is

nade

up

of' the

folla~irz

modes:

AL

aIt

2,

eprepeve

to

senpe',

samie

codew,

8

I~rity

check%

3

and.

Oprocxess

code'.

.7%e

w~ait

rwde

is

used

for

idliv

-

kic

-fa-inu

data.

The

prerere

to

sanple

mode

is

centered

when

data

is

detected

on

the

inwt

lines.

In

thespe

code aode

the

Input

data

is

read.

;.:7e

par-it7

chcl

=ode

Is

used.

for

c~eclinz

the

hinz,,ut

data

for

ode-

pai-

T.

t-e

tC.-e

ý

Ac-~

node

the

input

data

-i:

dccded

ani

proJ-ýzzed

zccordinL

to

the

deciphered

code.

Pini-.

8

Is

a

flow-h-art

of

Ithe

tczae

,eibich

showj

the

pro.-r-an

flow-

betixen

t~m~ze

r_-des.

This

flowcimrt

uass

ured

In

writing

this

1-rt

of

t~he

simulation

prqZra=.

Kg.8is

dre--m

as

a_

reitch

d'Aai3-ar

with

t-he

node

control

Mlpflov

ztzt~eu

as

tliu~

var'Lz%-b~cz.

-P

an

aS."

in

trac~~

hroh

the

nonce:;pute

Z~Oi5

zection

of

thee

sirni-l~ati~rn

progran,

tUse

modc-

control

flipflopz

hvve

been

inclu~ied

as

bein-

set

to

r1

l

or

',00.

In

the

D~?3

cc

rt-,ter

Ithese

~iplom~e1~

~iia1yset,

hcn.,evcr,

they

war

not

needed

in.

'Ue

C-imlIdatlen

Fnrl.-

~1

osf

the5

rcq1u1ýst!

tl

20

GR/AE/72-7

w 4w

4___

_

'2

cc

0

I_

g &4c

a

at

r

C.

II

00

20z

0

2.fI

FI.

a.

*'

Lcd

-et-o

Flowj ;

21

ON/EE/72-.7

H eA~

PREPARE

TO

COMPUTE

owedI

SUBKODE

I

104J

I

ID=Oc

o

ws~m

I £

I0I

maw j

0

mawK

C~O

2

OIDE~

;oBý"ur4.

-REPAR

TO

LOA

I S-,~v

S~nw Kal

Nod

FniCh

9

1

IPROCESSI

CODE

I

OCTAL

Data

LOATO

vERIFse

S

HALT~V PassRA

It-re

DELETE

'ocs

~

Jcc

~~cir

as" E3

that

occurs

in a

W4Rrea'lN

yaroj-aa.

TWo

adltic~iam

f

I.ures,

PigS.

9

mA~

10

havc

been

included

Yaicn

give

a

-

further

bremkdo--m

of

the

rroguy-an

flm,

in

the

~Rnual

halt*

mods

of

nonco-Lpute

nonicad

and

In

the

0%rocess

core*

wede

of

noncompute

load.

go~t

Fcde Seqtjioix.

tvAc

sect'.on

of

the

siumilation

IW-cgraza

siwdaite

thc

ca=-it--

mode

of

the

1)17B

ca=-

uter.

The

com~pute

node

consists

of

moles

viblc~

perform

fivre

major

functions:

snum-ber

search-,

Int;9er

read",g

"Instruetion-

sea~rcn',

winstruction

reaV,

"-l

"executem.

The

mnriber

search,

number

read,,

instruction

sea-ir.,

arad

Instructio~n

read

nod-e.s

are

eq7%xivalent

to

the

"etch

cyce-r

associated

u-ith

otr~her

cc-puTLc~rs.

The

execut-e 3ode

is

equivi

ralent

to

th~e

ex-ecute

cycle.

-'uber

search

2An

Instunction

search

1ox-tz

Vie

Eiz

t--

=ýz

in Uo~

hj

le

=-~bar

read

and

instrumction

reazi

uodth~e

locatca

word

fr03

memory

into

a

re~ister.

~Rxcute

res-u1ts

in

the

execution

of

one

of

the

39

instruct1.ions

In

the

Instructicn

set

of

the

D)175-

oonputer.

The

ccmp~itc

uroZ.

secition

of

the

siclaltion

pr~o-

Zrea-

sas

usri

tteni

usluZ

ase

a~bove

functions.

A

flowschart

uAhich

shthi

tUe

fr~a

l.=

in

thne

eowxite

mode

section

is

given

in

?i-.

11.

S~Oit1~~.

ie

sub-outines

as-seci'--ted

with

th.e

017B

compputcr

sizmulat

o-

g-ram

were

-,do

for

v1iree

purposcs:

1. Thoze

fimctioais

i

ui~

ere-

ieeded

several

tints

throu7-.h

the

po

r~i

ere

craat'd

az

stforautines.

)up

RUWLER

S

EARCHI

READ

j

* It

Sr7

:1 1MCT

*mKE

-%I

It w

KALIH

waIe leLscinFoc-r

OREtfj?2-7

£

Subroutines

falling

into

this

category

pro

ides

-,an:I

functions

that

are

unrelated

but

were

not

o;

sueh

tinortance

to

warrant

being

in a

cat-

egory

of

thei-.

cn.

The

fm-ctians

that

uill

be

described

in

this

catezory

area

-isted

as

follows:

Hel.iste-r

and rie•ory

Diiplay

Incre-:rental

in"u-"

Discrete

inputs

N-ode

rc-'g

-

Execution

ecificatons--

----------

-

Settinr-

c£

iwlipflops

Ini

tialization

[iste.adr--1

'

play_-.

-hi.e

bin-aary

contents

of

ani

eof

tVe

ree7isters

(iJi,:)

or

loops

(iFiGi,•,)

can

be

displayred

by

use

o-

t,-

regis.ter

conn.The

res-Izte.-

co•-rA

h-zs

the

£ol

:!rz

forn-:

where

Ar,

is a list

or

fhe

rZist-ers

and/or

loops

to

be

The

ra-ister

comnd

can

contain

from

zero

to

ten

specificva-tieos

in

the

ar-urceft

listing.

A

valid

spec-

ification

is

one

of

the

follo.•in.r,

letters

which

when

:]•

specified

w.ill

display

thqe

contents

of

the

loop

or

reZ-

iter

associ--ýted

u:ith

it

uheneoer

the

contents

of

that

register

or

loop

cn-an-e

in

a

proý,aa

run:

•# I 5

GE/EE/72-?

Srecif

fcaticmi

Re-ser

or

!L-PDisipl--ed

i ccumdator~

I

Instruction

Zlesister

L

Dxwer

Accpimulator

Ii

iwm~ber

Riegister

UI-

1

001)

(l-word

loopD)

F

F-loop

i4-iword

loop)

S-loopD

([8-vord

loop)

--

H

H&-loop

wi-~ord

loop)

V

7-~loop

~1-od~~tio~

R

E

R-looz

(1

i-wc~rd

input

loop)

Thýe

argu-men-s

o"

th:3

re--is

ter

co=-Pnd

can

be

setr-ratedi

by

com

__

or

ble-riks

vr

the:,

ba

re

placed

one

after

anctoter.

Exanplez:

iT&(.i!. ildiplay

contcn1cm~s

Of

"ISTg.. ý

p-loopg

;-l-oop

and

accu--

be

displayed.

The

default,

con-lition

for

thie

register

commnd

Is

BEUsT)

.

The

default

conmiition

is

assume--d

each

ti-, a

progiran

run

is

tter-mL-ated

=adr~re

input,

data

is

supplied.

Therefore

if

register

display

is

iuanted,

a

re~istcr

command

nLSt

-0e

US-d

eac.

tirS

&.ta

iS

rentCre-4

T~o

display

Lt.~e

contents

of

cold-storage

and

hot-stora!;e

'~n1-

(cOni P~O

thru

SO~)

of

;neeory,,

a

r-emory

co=and

is

Used.

The ha--

~~

zs

thbe

follctiiin;

fora:

1*6

-. -

I-I I

-

i

, i

GE/ER/7-7

whel'f

Arg

is

the

typ,

of

display

requested,

either

BIM3I

or

OCTAL.

If

the

ar-g=-unt

is

not

int-7uded

or

incorrectly

spec-

ifled,

the

4efault

for

Ar-g

is

CACML.

The

memory

comIazd

can

be

used

anyzhere

bithin

the

program.

Examples:

hi.-),X(ML!RY)

Hiemory

display

will

be

in

binary.

Hemory

display

will

be

in

octal,

Incr.ý-ental lrM-

zts.

Ae-cause

the

sirnilatio-n-

-'ograý-

does

wrot

have

real

time

control

camability,

provisions

were

made

fer

e-teri-ng

eata

in

the

V-lcop

a•d

i-.'-p.

Tni.

data

could

then

be

used

in

t-he

proCri

•ing

c

e siated

c0n-

puter

as

thcu-2i

J

6

hp-d

bree:z:

s-4p!!ied

uncren-_ritally

durinr-

SIreal

ti-ze

prcs aSIL.

The

frnof h.i

-a

ru--st

for

enterfrg

Incremental

data

£

is:

Loop(Arj

1

were

Loop

is

either

V

or

Ri

a--

Arg

is

24

bits.

For

Arg

to

fill

the

whole

,,crd

of

the

"-loop

or

il-loop,

it

should

ccr•ain

24

or

mrz

bits.

Any

bits

above

24

are

1inored.

An

bits

less

t~han

2-'.

results

in

the

least

sig-

nificant

bits

revaiaiT.Lg

inchan;ed.

Stovzage

starts

with

bit

24

and

continues

to~rds

bit

1

until

data

is

exhausted.

Invalid

bits

are

assu-ne.

by

the

pro-ra.

to

be

zero

and

a

ressa!:e

is

output

to

this effect.

T.e

first

incremen-

tal

inazt

request

sto-r-

deta

in .-.

ord

0

of

the

%i-loorp

or

-K

-"

it-loop

(D;hic'er is

bin.:

fillcd).

The

zecond

request

in

4?

GRlE/W72.-7

word

1,

the

third

request

in

word

2.

the

fourtn

request

in

.

word

3.

;dditional

requests

start

over

wV-h

moi4

0

and

-_. .. .. -. '

repeat

the cycle.

Sa*

tul,

-r.-

t

prcgram

terminates for

more

dati.,

the

I-ro-

_7, is

initialized

to

start

with

word

0

again.

I t

!s

possibIt;

by

ic:b

no

data

in

the

ar~um-ent

to

skip

numme.-s

uif;h.ut

c1"_-fljZ

the

-previously

stored data.

For

readability

tlan.

are

a

.nored

in

the

•rxwacnt

portion

of

the

re4qu.-st.

The

data

can

there-.eore-

b%-

arranged

in

an-,'

r-roupings

desired.

-

B-amlea:

--

AMOO

0131

C•O

Oil

100.

''(1

iT"f

'MaTls

reauest

fills

w-or'

G

of

the

1

-lxLp

.

;!tn

thia

bi•Lm

y

da-ta

given

in

ar-went.

40)

,11

.1)

70

(,C.-3O01ll,1

03

0

11111i)

mi-S

r-uest

w-z-s .

ords

0.

1,,

a..

2

of

the

7-3o1c

to

Z

" , -

3 .---

,

e..1

wit"

we

Dascre~

" ..

A

.. etinputs

are

-n

e•cs4er

to

Su•I~ly

data fcr

u i a

(u)

iscrete

Input

and

biscrete

intut

%3

.nructic-ns.

The

fc

rn

tf

the

i-.,,trest

f

o-

enterln=

di"crete

Input

is:

where

Type

is

the

ty-

of

ci:.crate

ir-p.iS,

either

X

or

Y,

and

Arc

is

19

ba-ts

fr

X-dlscr-te

iap-uts

an-.

24

bits

for'

Y-dis-

crete

input.r.

For

4C-:

to

bc

v,-ild

.it

wast

c.ont-ain

the

num-er

of

bits

required

for

the

in--.t

type.

It

car

contain

rcre

bits

thr.n

required,

because

exccf~i-ve

bit

Lamavoe

tho~se

zr"U~ired

are-

ji-mored.

I1'

not

entuh

bits

are

szipplidi,

how-ever,

the

lrrorxam

rill

uze

tVm-

dat.

L-cyc-na

the roie.t

until

the

proper

4s

77T7-

Q-_

-

->- -!*E---

CE/Eg/

2-7

count

is

reached.

Invalid

bits

are

assu-ied

.Ly

tCe

program

to

be

zero

and

a

message

is

output

to

this

effect.

A

mximum

of

ten

X-cis-

crete

init

requests

and

ten

Y-discrete

input

reques-ts

is

allowe6

bafor-

the

stora:e

area

is

filled.

Additional

requests

are

i.-no,•d,

l!

ut

r s.'ues

t

fill

the

s

tc

ge

array

in

requeent-a"

or-Ger

"irox

1

to

10.

Provisions for

refilling

the

disce'te

storage

array

once

all

ten

storage

areas

have

bten

filled is

.;i-wen

in

th.e

initialization

por-

tion

of

this

section.

------

-.

"in

uslhn-

the

sto3-ed

discrete_

inputs,

they

are

used

from

1

to

t~he

hic-hest

ninber

stored.

-A.ddit-ional

requests

beyond

the

highest

n

er

zxesuits

in

tVhe

proZ-ra-

using the

hiZhest

=umber

stored

an

--

sss-~e

is

or-ýZtp'A

to

this

ecifects.

:e-

Uever "t

arhmoz-gZal

terz~lati

e1n-

010

th~e

~rr.ram-

is

2-de

o-r

th-e

.poer

switch

is

turni.

offs,

the

counter

for

using,

discrete

inputs

is

init-iali--ad

to

1.

1dode

tracin-r.

Eode

traclng

is

used

in

deciphering

the

contnts

f

a

prrar.

in

the

rinoco~gute

n~ode,

the

m~odes

of

operation

are

listed

as

output.

In

the

compate

node,

the

Instruction

bein-

executed

is

lister!

as

output

and

a

flag

store

is

indicated

if it

wiaspr

ed

The

mode

tracing

careability

i-

requestel

by

a

signal

cowmand

with

the

followin:

fore:

-"eneve,e~

is

s'_-:Ified

in

a

D.c.ra..

, it

flip

the

r=presentatirn

of

a

variasIe

fr

1

to

0

or

0

to

1

depe-ndi:-g

49

GE/EE/72-7

upon

the

value

it

had

when

the

signal

co~mrand

was

given.

C

iiode

tracirn-

is

peerformed

~rfen

the

sign3al

-yariable

is

1.

ialtenever

a

mrovra1_

x-in

is

termna -ted

and

more

input

data

Is

supplied,

the

sim-ial1

variable

is

initialized

to

0.

The

siZ-alm

command

used

vrith

the

register

coswmard

will

give

as

outuiout

a

detail_=eu

listinr:

of

the

contents

of

a

programi.

iLxeUin

Wt~Žiictm

re

are

numerous

oc~casions

when

a

mao.7ra--ner

will5

inad'ertently

;mrite

a

progr-ar

which

loops

on

itself

resuij-1

tIMIn

ezxecution

Soing

on

-to

inf

inithm.

To

prevent

thsfrom'

bappeninq

In

the

si-mulated

computer,

provisions

have

been

rzade

for

counttiný

the

num~ber

of

exe-

cution

cycles

in

Une

ccte

'-ze

z

anzi

ter-zinatin-

the

pro!rc-r

-=

wkis

Ch

rn;::ier

Eaceedis

a

specified

z&.ount.

The

yrr:.c.~z_

if

t.he

nuz~er

of

eaecutions

rslloeed-

by

an

exec-u~e

c....mwi.

Thbe

forn

*A,

Cte

f~xiecute

awr is

as

follows:

where

irZ

is

eany

four' digrit"

-ecis~al

nt-mer

from

OC-00

to

999-9.

If

no

execute

c~~.is

r'iven,

the

default

-ralue

is

"'.hrU7..(C50),

lAtch

ti~e

the

prosran

termiInates

for

no-re

data,

Vie

ezxecu'ticm

cycle

cowinter

Is

initialized

to

zero.

HowvertU1?urbe

of

execouto-Dics

allowe~d

is

Initialized

to

t~he

defavlt

valuze

only

ap

n

all-inerz-al

program

termin

t-ions,

power

s

itch

turn

ofor in4taP~in

Th

nero

executions

specified

is

printed

out

tehen-ever

an

execute

co-~~~~r:I-:

iaec' c~

GE/Eg/72-7

Setimn,

ofr

iFlitlor~.t

The

siwailation

language

described

here

provides

the

catrabili'tty

of

settin~g

or

resetting certain

specified

control

flipflols

uhich

can change

progrEau

flowu

when

encountered.

The

flipflops

that

can

be

set

are

DA

(de-

tector)

flipflop,

("-,

(iamrentsl

iniput)

f

lipf

lops

and

7-K

(incremiental

input)

flipf

I

op.

Mhe

status

of

stie

"]

fl-lpflop

is

used

in

the

execution

of

several

inistriu-ctions.

it

is

raser.

to

20'

by

prograrn

control

iisin;-

tWh,

;-?SD-

insp~

eeco-)Ltruction.

-To

LIP

set

the

DE.

fliz-laps

a

co~in-ad

inwith

t#-~i.igfr~i

used:

Vhe

ccrmzitior.

of

tv

an

:J.

flipt'ic-

deti'rzina

ti.e

tive'ILY.if

.__-_

-0-

Se'

dzta

is

j-Aj

irito

Vne

ti:ý-e~ist.

in

'nr&al

for::.

1-f

r

.n

vr-.i

i

sets

th~e

one's

co~plen-n-nt

s-%-V~e

dtais,

iznlcaid

in-to

the

i-re:gist~er.

she

form,

for

zp!ifjyi7'

the

cor-dition

of

the

*

aniR

flipiflops

is:

where

Fipf1iDlp

is

eit~wr

or

LKSsvd

1rfis

or

1.

Initial~gzition.

lihen

the binary

dack

of

the

slzwýatiain

prograna

is

loaded

for

execution.

nemory

1G

initialized

by

puttinzg

ten.

d

-reinal

9's

in

every

r

location,

the

bins-y

outputi

-flizfol

os

are

setz

to

a

+1

con.-dition

on

all

three

lines,

t-ht

Oliscretec

inutz

requezt

col"nters

are

sell

to

start

caou21t-

in.-:

at

19

an-i

the

Di)

vriA

flip.1iops

are

101

set.

ihe

GE/EE/

72-7

P'r`09rer~er

can

cause

the

za-Cm

Initiaiz~ation

to

occur

by

usingr

the

initialization

which

-has

the

folj-owing

this

sact.ifon

&-nd

t

r-iýz

eyar-•1ei

uif

ebapter

V

do

n.A%-

nie-s

t!ýOd

f'or

tc-zi:~e

-)173

covT~Aerl,

but

s1ulti,-

toz~ram.

?or

a

:

cuz-sto-

af

)raid

the

i;anral

~iirit~tve

for

tCA.e

4ý-*m---ty--%--

Cc=ýutz

se-se

Grouws

:Ref

1)

C

-

5'

a-m

-- --

for

ar--an-i~t

-:

a

'Lz-výt-z

fp.-

i~h4jc'

Win

be

*

Pprxram

for-.

fowid.

mz'95--

la- bs

the

author

is 'to

*

~~visualize

a

brir~a-are

cont

c.-

u

oetitasitle

for

each-

elem-ent

of

the

'iai-lu

e

to

write

a

proemra-

ten

reauire:;

that-~

rr

rite,

doirn

th--

'Mimaatio,

3.Un;U-:e

Caa

for

each

swi~l~

that

he

.wood

P--Sh

an

','he

ccn--soli,.

"T.-OS

b-z:iri~~eamite

c1'

the

sirdzi-

arity

beetween

the

sL.!2Thtian

c

n-

l

*Ch-

hard-omre

verszon

ni-

th-

co-=--zt-C--.

In

vwriLin.-

a r-----i sma-~e

-~~

co0aPaters

the

Progrmc~r

Is

not

restricted

to

emy

Inpuzt

L_

fornat.

fte

in-mut

Is

format

free

an&L

can

be

entered

72

dharacterS

Pew,

line.

=ds

allms

the

wg

Drto

rite

a

*

e~~mtinluous

pragr-a

wuith

each

mrom~

of

the

siimlation

language

soParateft

bY

r-

dzliziit-r.

i

delivit~ar

!z a

character

whiich

fi~e

theend.o~'

sI

i~.

bguage

worud.

Mme

deji-&ter

required.

Is

me~

blzmk

benthreen

each

Y.-mi~

of

the

alimuIaion

lamgvags.

Mcce-ptio'mi

to

the

use

of

a

deliniter

are

that

octa-l

data

can

bo

groWuad

and.

-no

deli

Ain!

is

needed

for

the

ASCII

reresent&

ioz,,J

Ihere

vare

tbr-eo

wrord-d

in

thez

simiaiblaom

language

that

nmst

beegin

Lmi

coliui

one.

Miese

vo.-3are

&I(-,'

C-G,and

129Th

tmt

iords

i2{OF?)

enid

GO

signify

that

tUe

input

data

is

Ces:P-1tc

a

re--'

to

b3

read.-

Lnfti

r

e

by

",,

siju-,

Md~tmi

boirz

t=-ný

off

at

tbe

em-A

z.

tns

rum.

Baterlr

GSO

calrses

the

simiulation

pwczrai&%

to

m'tzn'

for

rare

inp.ut

data

wh~en

it is

intcaer-rVts1.

A

coomzet

3.irne

is

created

by

sp=c-

1i'-iVg

ý-

In

cclu-"

1.

7-9

Pmrogm

i

ýs

the

71 re=1minfg

characters

im

that

line.

Whienever

the

slimulation

zj~m;-

iz

*-t~aaed

fci

cxecu..

tion,

P3(011)

%=ut

be

spe-.,fiea.

be-fc.e

I(Aionce

the

pomer

switch

)'z-s

been

tumrea

ca

it

remaim1

on

iuntil

it is

tuornd

off'

or

--

ntLl

-4-V-

yprogramm

is

Ll91ed1.

zv1(Ga)

am&

DD(C-21

wli3-

also

rez-ain

on

until

t.n-,ed.

o4,,f

or -;imfl

thp

pOrftue

Is

h&1ted1.

A

typica)

jr~to

The

rum

n

cte

Aco.-puter

53

rE,,/72:/

will

contain

switch

designations,

octal

or

binary

data

and

C>

load

codes,

and

commnds.

To

enter

octal

iw

biniary

data

and

load

codes,

the simulated

computer

-musto

be

in

the

wait

mode

of

noncomputte.

One

of

several

ways

that

ttis

can

be

accomplished

is

wdit-l

the

followiAng

suitch

~dsignat~ions:

The

power

switch

ta-s

now

been

tuxnkd

on,

the

master

reset

switch

has

been

depressed

putting

the

compmu

cer

throuji

the

sprejpire

to

operatee

node,

2'ync

bit

-cmante--~

mode'

where

the

ins

truiction

register

I

s

loaded,

with

a

transfer

62-20

instruction

to

cimrnel

00,

sector

000,

ana

into

the

1inal

halt

node.

The

initdate

leadihio

switch

was

pusheo

puttia

the

comwter

i-o

the

iait

e'm. . Ton

anable

ot

2i

on

cold-

storage

oadcodnels

Qhe

si-ary

n•

a•llou

trr-ekry

to

be'

filled

the

in,*

progrnn

is a

sample

17B

comsuter

pro!t;art

to

add

tbo

octal

numhbers

(1i4

and

2)

n4

outpat

a

teletehtry

signal

of

the

nsoawer:

-

4M01201

Ei-'ZTE

C-020202

l-417-fI

4I2:-2200O

B.i~E

CLE-0.

201

rese

wit

h

I&rl

CeeAeks

O

2

i,;i-

.94

G!l

E/72-7

The

addiition

tpro--rani

arid

data

have

been

entered

into

memory.

TOO

put

-te

sirzulated

com~puter

into

the-coripute

rode

Aiequiress

the

followint-

switch

designations:

iAR.

-a

The

eo-naute

s~ic.has

been

set

at

the

.111

pos4t~

and.

Une

LmastAer

reset

-switeh

Is

depressed

again

puttinz~

the

computer

hr~o-u~d,

the

=cces

described

earlier.

.n

t~he

vw-nul

ha~lt

:ce

is

reached

Vite

cr7trw

go

t

h

cmue

aMAU

The

conplet-e

y-:;a-i

woi-ad.

loo-r

as

el:

The

above

-r sc

ietý

ai

uDO

e-e,3Mn:-

f

C:zrsistz

o1L

24*bits

(00TO~

C'--

Z Z;

OZ0v

010300O).

Ente'-in;

i=r-(Z2

or

C-3

Pro-zides

a

readyr

si

z.-a

I

toý

the

simult-lic

_To-7an.

iT~s

rea__

si::r.:u.

res-z.tz

in.

the

execution

of

t.Z.-e

i~fi

datza

splidby teuser.1'

FR41,F

i

as

th~en.

-24

Vhe

cn4

of'

executW!.

an

th

e

To

co'itir--.u'ar-:r --

re~r~~

0o

rc

-c2ta

r:

A

..

-

E/B/l?2-7

user

to

(ENT•T

P11CGa.A1).

At

this

point

the

user

would

enter

more

programs

or

sore

data.

If

GO

has

be-en

specified

then

at

the

co.mpletion

of

the

p•roram

run

the

system

would

re--iporA

with

the

message

to

(CaNTIiiUE

PRUC-Ai•.:).

The

user

can

now

execute

the

same

program

over

again

with

the

sa-me

data

or

new

data

can

be

entered.

The

pro-ram

written

onto

the

memory

will

remain

there

until

ov'eruritten

or

mntil

initialization

occurs.

To

execute

the

same

p-ro•r•m

aain

would

require the

folloiring:

GO

./

'o

execute

the

same

pzo.-.ora-.

a~ain

.it!)

new

data,

(20

12)

,would

req

uire

the

rollow.-_,:

a(Z;•()

N

S(-)

FILL

CL:i:-i

201

P

'"""

CLEAR

20

•"2'

CL3

1;

12 R;iEi

K(A1.)

":•(Ži)

Go

"Overwritin.ng

te

with

a

rogram

to

multiply

two

numbers

(+.0,003000

and.

+.30000000)

could

be

accoi,?lished

as

follos:

I::(3*i)

,j(Ci,

FILL

Cl..-,P

1

Lc--

24.020202

U4777E-

CT.:-•2

20!

LC•.TI::"

02000100

Vri•-c

LO00•CCO•DET-

"This

pro-r-n

!

o-.1d

prrodce

no

results

because

it

was

"not

eit•*.cr-

into

týie

con-rata

moae.

-o

ezccite

it

wou'Ld

56

GR/EE/72-7

require:

iExecultio'

of

th.

r-~rozram

j~rodluces

a

te1eieraetry

signal

of

the

an-swer.

For

--

rzre

cop-preiIlrmsive

listinag

of

the

comput~e

noa-3

-p-rtieai

of

tl2)o~

the

signal

and

register

Covsrammds

Can

be

used.

ha

sr

the

signal

anad,

register

commndns

in

the

co.--ute

=--*d

for

t~he

first

fewi

times,

the

mumbar

of

e~tecuitions

afllom:ed.

shioult-.b

4oe'

1-

This-

is

done

to

rpreyent

lar.-e

a7,00rnts

air

o~i

ut-U19

in

ca-se

the

po~e

nal

and

register

co-'-and_

would~

re

so,

i s

ros.-ible

t-o

-Awn

a

pro-ram

endinng

with-

an

k

instruction-

(stuch.

as

Vie

mm.:viotus

r-iito1L1or

-ti po

grams)

several

tincs

ushif-.

t-.;o

dir1f~eremnt

numnbers

each time.

To

do

Chis

requires

spe-cifyii,

K~li*ff)

wheen

thle

simulated

co-mmuter

is in

the

proý=m

lial

t

mzrle

amd

to

foilow

t'his

by

j ~~~ ~ ~

V

--

C.

-ciyn

~)pt

he

sitzulatped*

commnuter

.Ln

th

ana

h2

rxc

px

iy~ ~ci

uts

the

sirrmi-

lated

co-:ntcr

~nth'e

=;:!ao~.

If

a

s

iz-:ial

or

re-rister

co--m-mi~d

.- I

br~al

~ns

wcd

t2zaen

-1S>!*".; rm~()

ould

be-

Specified

b-afoi-ce

nto2ri:S-'

nore

C,,

ta. in

this

prevents

mode

zzit'-

ic3i

mil

the

rsw

e.ata

is

GE/EE-/72-7

*

being,

loaded

into

the

cOmz_=uter.

The

signal

and

register

ccz=-tnd.o-

musto,

be

resmeeafiei

-bef-Ore

MROVZOI)

s

stecifie.d

to

allao.z.

m~ode

tzracimn;

and

register

display

in

the

compute

mode.

Tile

new

data

van

-be

entz.rad

b-

s-oecif

Ins

a

fil"'l

load

code

and

folloeing

this

-ri

th

the

ne-data.*Th

sbuAztion

pro-

mrxi

cn

nor.

b

rou-

Imc::

into

~

computee

imde

by

specifyrin-g

;;(aUN~)

follm~d

by

-(*''

nis

cy-io

can

be

repeated

as

vany

tim~es

av

desirsed.

fTe~

0

oir

this

rith

t-.-o

sets-of

data

t.-ould

laokz

as

Vfollows:

-12 z

00030

LO2COO;R

7-he

pxra-zio;ýs

ha-n.-

ize

xencn~t'.red.

into

the

c02:ute

results

in.

a

transfear

toc

n

GO)

secto

0

starting

exeCUtion-

at'

th~at

ic-ca4%tio..

rpoggran

=r.

be

execulted

at

any

st~artoimw

loca-tion

b

ieiinq 500-rx

Lr-'J--J:A-.-..

C:..7z-'

izz~s

the

zLIA.;-.ss

anzd

oect-or

location

of

the

firzt*

bstrictlion.

t*:,

It-

thee.~

transfer-

insltrmct.

1

on

~~:w

Jty

rho

~~to eit

Puts

tile

co:'.e nt

z~-

oeVrcontiiuaous

rurz.

shr-Jl en wtha

hal ar 3

GIR/EE/72-7

the

computer

into

the

Progra~n

halt

mode.

If

an

Hi'Pi

instruc-

tion

is

not

used,

the

prorraim

will

contirnue

in

the

com~pute

mode

until

an

error

occurs

w-eich

will

.,eriainate

the

run

or

the

numaber

of

executions

exceeads

the

nuimber

specified.

Shortened

Vez'sicn~

of

iimualai-jin

Laiz~ge

The

fol.loiiin:-

descrip'tion

of"

a

rmth-odl

for

creating

shortened

versions

of

the

simulation

la.ng:,age

dcoes

not

apyt ca aa

I ~

switches

(exceft,

cormpute

=ode

s,.itch".

or

flipf

loD

settins

These

parts

off

the

languagce

h-,%--

:at

been

inclu.aed

in

the

discussion.

--- --

Ashortened

version

of

thie

in-pat

nguage

can

be

created

byf

the

-user.

To

do

thnis

reauiares

-

~ing

those

lettterz

of

a

sir-mullatian

3.aY~--.e

&-am.1

vlhich

are

used

by

the

F~

~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ -

L;

iil~o

or~

ntni

anE~

using

those

le*tters

as

the iLput

fo~r

tkhe

.'-Cad.

&-'tiý:l etrscnbade

to

build

a

s-temo-nic

for.-

of

woe

~rd

i~c

desired.

The

fol-ow-

in;1

is

a

listi~ng

of

tho~se woro;s

i~n

the

sif~i.lationn

lan~-a-e

which

can

be-

shorzened,

a

list&-inf

of

the

portions

of

the

wcaNt

whicb

are

used

in

inter-,re-tinE

it,

anta

an

ez-xazpl~e

of

a

shortened

version

ofl

thae

o:

words

W'hich

era.-

b-_

In

tverrzretin,-

L;MnP-le

of-

a

ftzchorten-'tc

'!-!

2-hortanced

-.

'ersien'

CT

LU?

rILT

GE/EFW72-7

CCnPiJI

CO

COil

oENTER

EN

EN'

*CLEAR

CL

DELETE

DEDEL

OC'"PAL

0

OCT

BIMPIHY

B

BIN

S=i~LE

SSI,

BEIS~i(Arg)

BB(Arg)--

---

='BGAg

MJ

CUORIO

AL)

M(EO)

FEM~O)

SiGnSML

S

SXG

EX(Arg)

M~C(Arg)

Mie

six=

using

com~dtions

ar-ply

to

the

abbreviated

version

of the

l.mmanguag

as

apply

to

the

fulI-uord

version.

iARgaeecp

ca

a. nptaaisetrd

it

b3an

is

needed!

as

a

delimiter

betreen

each

worl

of

the

free

format.

A1.

72

colu~s

can

be

used

for

enterin-;

input

data,

however,

no

lanamgue

eleamet

can be

divided.

be-tueen

two

linse3.

If

a

urordJ

will

not

fit

on

a

line,

leave

the

re~i~erof

the

line

blank

ana

put

the

word

at

the

first

of

the

A

description

of

the simulztion

has

been

given

In

this

cLapter.

This

Ilam.gae

cc-,i-.tz

axT

z!'--ber-.

and

load

cod1es,

(

&vsit-c")i,

andi~

ce~n~

coir.~s.

Ahlzo

dizctissod

wws

60

GA/ES/f-?

the

method

for

creating

progrms

to

be

executed

by

the

stmA-

lation

program.

M.e

chepter

was

o

li

ed

ith

a

metbod

for

creatiag

a

shortened

version

of

the simulation

2age.

The

folloiungchapt-ers

ii

give

a

listing

of

the

erorr

detection

ckpabillty

of

the

itton

pro

and

wi

pr-

sent

examples

of

tro=r&•

a t

have

been

run

an

the

sLam-

Iated

compater.

61

GE/EE/7-

IV.

Err-or

Dcteetina

Error

dete--tion

is

one

of

the

outatand-i-ng-

fIsatures

of

the

D1P,3

computer

sir'ation

progra2.

With

this

capa.bility

the

prograim

ta-.s

can

be

error

chnecked

by

the

zinn1

-

t.-ed

Com--

puter

before

tne--y

are

rim

on

the

D17B

cor-pater.

To

succe-es-

fully

load

arz-d

execute

a

pro-7-ai

on-

the

D17i3

co-,zrter

tn-e

program

bas

to

be

error

fre~e,

At

the

present

tine

t~here

&.re

no

error

r~heaks

rade

b7

the

D)173

--

;

pt

exceptl.

for

parity

and

verifying-

tt:9

contents

or

rezorY.

The

error

dete~ticn

prciide'i

7-y

Ib

-siriui31.on

pyroý-r;m

goes

beyond

cb'ecking-

ju.?!

porp.-Yan

tapes.

J-l1

Input duta

is

checked~

for

validilty

by

coroparir.

h

m

,

y7bl

aý7.inst

the

siz

atfton

iarý-.:ae

~yl~.

i~~~are

also

i=ade,

by

the

sl~jlaiton

to~

deteat

Anra'"I~

t!

b

:-etAn-s,

5

addresses

tht

are

outr

ol

r'

;

ofA

t-*e-

1-ojz

end

3L

va'ic-ty

of

con~tiontso

tinst

ýPrz

nct

allocm:e-i

by

th-e

D17B

computer.

A

istinz

of

the

error

stt~nsthat

z.re

-rovw.&'ed

by

with

each

state-,*1.'

a'-e

possible

causes

of

the-

&r-ror

or

aj

3t~t~/Cz

of

E~rrorz.

Alistinz

04th'eerror

ztantamct-itz

provii'1eiý

b'ý

the

13

sdaic rra

is

as

clcs

~

F'~KJiZ

X-DT-%"

IS

i~?

r

-i)

(Invailc

a-

62

GE/EE/72-7

"LOAD

CODES

J1UST

BE

12i

BINABI

WHEN

BIMlR

IS

SPECIFIED

(

A

different

representation

for

a

load

code

was

used

when

the

binary

relpresentation

was

specified.-

-

ITH

E

P

J

yoIA•DLN•

!'PUT

DAT'.

IS

IW.i;

-D:

(Invalid

Data)

Portions

of

tin

Input

;#-ord

were

interpreted

but

an

improper

sy•ibol

ias

encointered

disallowing

any

further

interpre-

taticn.

COhTUT_3

IS

.'NiT

I1

WhI¶C

iXDE

-

DATA

CANNOT

BE

EUTEM

-

The

pro--ram

=t

be

in

the

wi-t

mile

of

noncompute

for

data

to

ba

entered.

-- -----

IN

4AiT

ZKDE

-

D-.;•.

IG/N02:_0

Ir

Wi(3N)

is

specifiel-,

the

only

tray

to

put

the

co-]puter

in

th.e

w

ait

mode

is

to

specify

?S(0.').

i:A::::c::::::o r ::

___--kcn

usda zl

for

the

com-

• puree

s•

teh.

Synbol)

----

Lem

n•hJ

2 1

Fs

been

s

paified,,

i--It

data

r-ost,

be.

In

the

ASCII

repr•esentaticn.

Iii

&WMEGi

B;!2

SP~CIFI_

--

D

1IC31=231-C-Y

-

DM?.'UL?

rxALmUz

OF

50

"-SS"E•)

The

argaient

of

Ute

execute

co

rAn

muist

contain

four

deciml

digits

to

be

valid.

"0

nV

Vi

9:

or

C(IF

can

be.-

used

as

the

settings

for

the

cold-

storage

memory

write

sw-itch.

DISCHS

SWITCij

PZFEiiLDIGZ'L

-4Cny

-1

or

;DjF

can

bee

used

as

the

settir-s

for

the

discrete

switch.

I6

GE/EF/72-7

Pc00Pa

ONA/C-?P

k7TA

IS

Ii:CC=-r.T

Only

UN

Lr

OIR

can

be

used,

as

~s

ettings

for

the

power

CHAC:IL

SPE"1IZD

CA-;:%'

:

-":?'

3A~

T~IAT

f

Only

channels

00

thru

e56

can

be

Iceaded

by

an

enter

load

code.

PiO;6)

must

te

S-i-e t '(

c%)

An

Plmi

instruction

tutstŽe

Con

r

into

thfe

Prog1n

half-

imod-e

ar-d

-u~T)mst

be

scij1tot__i--Of

tbe

o--

Charm'els

6lt,

70,

and

72

can-o,

t a

us=-d

T;itha-,Trnfr

11ot

all

-Ossirbilft-es

for

;--zliSrto-shave

beem-

wired

into

the

cz:tr

:~

iidceOf

these

diagma.

STC~LGZCA~O

T:

?LC3

~-~-~T~GE

C~i2JJSIF

C-LD

~~~~~~~~~a.11

125ZC

SC?-?~;

2:IATED

E~i~:m)r~ut

be

Speci-&icd

eoc rtn

ca-n

take

Place

on

cold-s

torasge

r~z,-Ory

chz-rel

s.

The

S`T-

(So_ ntrci cno,

store

in

sicr-wor~v01d

SW~c::;

..

:

'CH:

~.,

5

~DJiT

SUITCHi

13

Cj

i'

-i

b;2!'

.CK

GE/EE/

72-.?

channel

50

(hot-storage

ax-emory

channel).

CO0W-STOP.AGE

B7--IORIY

CAINNiOTI

BE

!LCAD~iD

IF

COLD-ZTO3AGr

WRITE

SWITCH

is

0FF

-

F

fl;Afr.-)

EEM(01

must

be

specified

before

wrltint,

can

takeo

place

on.

cold-storage

vem-ary

chann~els.

H~~TC~L:Gj&iir~

A~7

~

Wi-Q*Di

IF

DIS'CREZ7"

SWITCHI

15

OFF

-

MHGRA

1M

~ i

DD(c;:)

must be

specified

beflore

wti;cen-

ta3e place

o:!

chnnel

50

(hot-s

torare

rry ca=or)

FIAGS?&0-.2

IS

AL

C~t

INLY

IN-

L-Rz

'.is;

STO"

:~3C~~

IS

T~~~1

u

,, -L33-rcaiI::;7

If a

ST,-

(Storre)

instruction

is

to

52--

54,iO

or

56.

a

M~at

store

Is aflo;:uu

on-1y

to

chlamlanel

An

area

of

ner-ory

has

b-:-cnw,

sin

i

zi

v

operp7ad,

-xut

no

data

has

berun

loaded

tbh-re.

1sTauCTcu--:

is'3Ž

aS",,

.2

P

A

mezzuiry

word.

'.-s

'1k**-,n

de:7-i~rm:.t-el

-

~.

nic.t trtir

hao.tever

no

da~ta

has

been

!-

c-

r 1 -

-to'

t.--Ja

meor

iuord.

RMEISTM.

DISKiAY

?;.:J121ET

I 15

IiLIdD

-

(Inalid

2'erister

Dis-

play

Hlequiest)

Register

display

czaAis

missin-z a

'Lf

ra-.-ntbh.siz.

(Invalid

Symbol)

IS

;XF11

A

7MAI)3

Fil"-ISP~a

D-15PALL

. - 1.

A

syn-bol

other

than

one

of

the

ter.

rei~s'lcr

disp-L3a-'

sytii-'lz

was

used.

Trau

cmapter

Is

con-mem'nd

't~i

th

Pr

e!!-'zm-Ahgx

bave

beein

rin

on

teD1735

-,oputer

s-imiulza

on

IPreOI3.

Seven

U:fer

-

ent

e~iari

u-~

rcid~r~

iU

It.

prezentr.i'

wi~ih

s.rj

the

tymes

1'f

O1-t--:uZ

;;2-t

z-q,~~;

rctaized.

li

t)he

coin-se

0ft

J

e

TLi

these

se-.Jen1eals

> r~~1yo

t

#.zcý_s

in

the

s-rctzr

st 1_%

the

1)173

COEi-A'.ter

'ai

tem

out-.

Fa".le

Pro-!'a!m

~br

I.

In

this

~e-Ie-

eOf

ot

puit

r£vai3a~ib

im-

-the

noiooz.pte,

ro-De

Jrs

;ýho'n.

ThIA!s

exam~ple

,,~,lios

the

v.87

lon&

cod-.

e.-e

%:e1

ani1.

t:hI

-.

my

ini

skticr

do-ta

is

loaded

in-to

za-ay

Sigraýl

tratin:j

and.

eit-

isplay

in

Vie

n1Wc,-cmPujt-

mae-anbe

ni-d

ery-_7-frqwt1,

bazusý

f

dae

hC

r~

wioun'it

af

outT_.-t

even

f'or

a

sm~l

proiran.

Ulo-.ere:

for'

scm-nec

1'e'rmin-

t-a

o-

rtim~

of

the

D'10,7

c=-uutcr

thc

*oiutpji

dts]pTLayad

b&ý

there

Uro

cc-

;cs-

15e

used

as

a

* L

teach~i-

Aid,

A

ammmury

'lispla,

rie:!yst

is

m-.ide

at

the

en4

of

this

exape

kTe

miemor3

duzza

Vhat

appeaz-7-

oni

.;he

UAsti'ig

has

a

dslrmml

and

sectcer

dczi-;wtiorx

on

the

leftA.

This

address

*1

s

the

miem~ory

-d&r-ss

of tne

c-etal

-worwi

appe.-rinr,

in

the

first.

coLs'k±m

al

that

rtsiTh

scc-and

colu:-m

in

the

s&---e

rowf

C')Ata?'s

tne

m-nory

-word

of

tha

nex:,t

sector location.

fte

sane,

applics

to

all

razaininý;

i*or& in

that

row~.

If

a

sector

lo=2.

-n

in

a

rc'

n-i

tot

t-ecn

103dcC-

zi"i*

fata

M40

GE/EE/72-7

ap~pears

on

the

listing

as

a

iuor~l

containming

all

71?

7

he

mow

in

which

none

of

the

smact

locations

awe

lioaed

with

data

do

not

ar-i,-zar

in

the

m~ory

dmup

llstlng.

The

flowcbarta

fo,-

e:,aapie

prograa

no.

1 Is

as

foliows:

ST-42T

S2M3T

i.r-ct

:o

d

es

DisDI 7

DDA

C!%)

-c -*.--ý-!

ST-3I

67

GE/EE/72-7

IF

0UTZ'f

1,.

:c

z

1Sr

T.:F~dl

TYPE

A=~

ycd'

jiz

SA

g-

0!E3-

W'SE

TYPE~ : -Z;

**

D17-1

c-ýpkl7E!

*5

SIM-LJ~fl;2

PR,%a2AA

U*rtTZ=

01/24/-8-9

TIM=

19.43.00

.

ETPCOI,

O

?iTP2Fa

'SIG=!.

0:

;7ZPES

'WLL

BE

I!FACED

r

CC43

'(2)2ZU)

i.--

-Z

NA

KALI.~~:~LeL

PRM7SE

1-

F?7LE

;z*DS-

SA-VLE

:.

IAIT

C:!-F1LLr

PRXES-

C;,--

-

FILL

j,~~3f

ja

-:21

:PG.

GE/EE/72.JI

SA:f7i

C-MEc

-:-

LC4-Izj

*;:

3)

1

~ATZCDE

--

R-EARQZ

T-;2r

PAP:- IL -- - - -

--

zz

-*:Wi

* *

*.-~..:

L--7

I~~~

~

C2-)

.

GE/EE/72-7

C-ES

;D(4)

"2):.1)

-T:

JF

-A-

HALT

z!TE-F

Klk:-ý

-

MAL

--

LALT

OCFA-

'SECT

03

033

2123.;5S7

77773777-o

-Z~1.1--

77117M1

*5 !JC~

Z2Y

~*a

GCRUZI

Z

-";

Fr..:.7

---e

LISTED

C.1-TAI-1

*:

I, l

y;:

z

T

VZ

-L

TC

iALI

1-

MALI

70

GE/EE/72-7

Examle

-Pro

Nub-ber

2.

This

example

consists

of

an

add-

C)

ition

ripple

progrm

that

has

been

written

using

the

three

different

representations

for

input

data.

Each

program

has

been

loaded

and

execuL--.

seoarately.

The

addition

ripple

program

loads

1

into

Vhe

accumulator

and

keeps

adding

1

to

the

contents

of

the

accumulator.

Because

this

program

loops

on

itself,

the

execute

co

-and

, s

been

used

to

stop

the

executions

at

a

count

of

five.

--

The

initialization

and

!-:enry

comand-s

are

used

with

each

representation.

iLode

tracirL

and•-rei-i-er-display

are

used

in

the

con•ute

.zode

portion

only.

The

T1oi:chnrt

fer

exaimple

plra.-om

no.

2

is

as

follows:

S;

' ~' :."'•Fl:

•(0x)=

i

ie..i-ory

Drm

-I-

Displa

I irce

9i

splay

(-)

.

71

GE/El!j'2-7

CIA

A.-1

F-_

-I

t*- & -

!y

'er--

nat

72

B!

E/=M

24/2

S.-74

pis

R

l?

--. -=

:c4)

c3

;o*z

177;7

-I ~ *

I z *

I

Z

rz.

A

C2

-

4--

i-z

-ai

a- ~F~I~

7)p

GE/WE72-7

BE!Bil

.

LIZ

DEcic

-;.

C1i

RIFL

?P

S

I=PE

Blr

Z?

il?

C-LT

PR

?V::,

Z

s'sz!!

CZ

EM:z;31

jO 1~ .Z:,'

!

g;*ý

T

3(Z !:,:

CZ3)

2.;.Z ---

3

-~~K Z;1!

C33i!~C~

32!

-cii1

*.!i

C.

Z=

=2!7 -. T! 'F.

-Z:

Tl

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l

7-4

GE/i-lr/72-7

CLEAR

L

A~

aiT)

~

-CC.

ji C

-1;

0*3aaG

CO.:

a033

0

tO

!=

--

1

%::

0.5

02 rz0- C.~- 1

-:.(7 EF*'--.-_; F* ýz

a

£?L

ZEDE-

(E~i£R----"'M

Siv

?SuiIIT

i-

OF

P

-i

Z

4iO105

rs

4e

ý

-.

-,

y.

J-i

(i:

:cT

003

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z

777777

z~t"r rwi,, is,

GE-/RE/72-7

EE-1-*

INS

:S7-C;

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ED

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C;~?SI:~

r-M-

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l

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CLEAR

.-3 s .W

A.C24-I)

02

%to 03

::

40

.........

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IF-iLT

H

ALT

A4

E: -- -

IsSc

.2

E

GE

/E-3/72-7

.gaDl

Promrram-

iHunfer

T.

bis

examiple is

an-

arithmetic

program

thlat

uses

a

COa'-

(cha-racter

oujupalp)

subro'utine

to

output

the

anns-wer

as

einght

oc~tal

digits.

2The

CQOA

subroutine

was

developed

by

the

S~yst~es

Lalboratory

Group

at

Tulane

"Th-

arit-hmetic

tcra

consists

of

seven

arithmetic

routines

',4th

starti-ng

locationas

at,

'the

mro5gram

address

I

litedbeloii.

Each.

routi-ne

needs

todazt-a-

nuebers

starting

at

the

data

addr-esses

givenn.

Progra~i AdressD'ataAdrs

Chan

secti-

~.1-rn t~-l~

%Azam

Se_________ct

j 00000ZDDD

routi."em

02

001

040NN

S

U3

r

:-u

tiir.e

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001

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01C.0

r

o

;1

vin

2

12)

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14

coo

331

rUtie

001

-0

-f

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22

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2-11,

000

S~~ru~e26

0-31

30

000

iihle

io

.

i-iý

ro,

t:i

n e

32

001

D ach

routine

of

the

aritlmetic

jpro.&ram-

caml

linik

up

Iwith

the

CCA

szlbrautine

to;

Out-DFvt

the

results.

'The

GOA

Isubroutine is

loaded

in

chinnel.3s

1-

ard

4-06.

mhe

last

inst'rual.ion

of~

the

GOA.

subrouti-ne

_s

l'

ý?R

j

ns

truectioma

which

wzxts

thse

computer

-in,

the~

mri-a

h-al'U

jrcide.

A

-In

this

e:-xa-,.Dle

a

flag

store

televe-

sipgnal

is

also

used.

to

ozatmulk

the

Nn~r

o

=ede

traicincr

or

reg-is

ter

L

disply

is

us-rrl-

'The

fl~c~r

or

examiple

progran

no.

3is

as

foliows:

prog-rami

14. RR OTI

A i D

4ee

r

-;

__answer

Use

t -t .

;reý

_ _ _ _ _ _

.1

dat

F.-2 Go.S

.i.

mu;

G-E/EE/?2.-7

rele-mailry

cl'

a-,

wer

Use

Surou~tin~e

to

OutDult

-

answ~er-

-

79

*A

:)!73

CUE

*~ f~AT= ;i/Ž42

TME=

21.03.47

i

Ss A.?jVhri= --c __z: 7.

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10

000

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44455-4340

Sf23

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5403403

52404-03

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a

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Zt FFCIA-E-rul,;i~z 172

E

V.0I

z

GE/IE/?2-7

"

Mxap

-rae

-o!am Nnber

T- .

his

exar-:ole

is a-

program

which

shows

the

discrete

output

capabil-ty

of"

the

sim-Waation

Pro-

gram.

To

interpret

the

discrdst

output

llsti.g,

the

reader

shoul.d

refer

to

Fig.

12

in

Auien-i

C.

-

The

flowirchart

for

exanrlea

Progra-

no.

4:

is

as

follows:

SMART

.16

*1

-

I

Pl{i.J

t•1o3"1

.()()

•-H(o.zi)

--

.. •--- -

-•

-

•i 'rr

J

DOA,

I tt,

is+

.

Eixecut.

-

4

yes

Terminate

82

'

at

SINPUI

is

T__

BE

..

Th1l?zSD

i

~

.:

..

B

"'INE--_

OTHER-

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--4l~Z3

:

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S.;-?

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T U-

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t

a.

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E U ?dTU i E Z- -:;

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LTS*=~.5 I ZZ S.

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-z

p

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a_ I Z

DI~~ ~ ~

_SýL

U

?

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D

I

C~-72

w

I

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Z:2-C

K;,

f'

1

Fv=A

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Lv

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N,

a2.7-:

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t

i.

U

!

Z

ý lr -

T

.- .

D!

FCIZs

-0?TL

PT:

GE/EE/72-7

-~

Exca'mne

'Ir a

THim-ber

Vi

Te

program

for

this

example

uses

the

binary

outmat

ins-t-ructions

(BQAsBCI~vBQ9)a-p

d-shwws

the

binary

output;

capability

off

the

simul-aItion

programe

To

interpret

tebinary

output,

listling,

bhe

reader

should

refer

to

Fig.

13

in

Apt-endix

C.

One

flwiatfor

example

progrmm-

no.

5is

-as

follows:

1:

ST~ART

j I

Load

-

¶rzrce

MIA

Reeute

10

BOA

1

Int-utm

MR(-i?

GE/E:E/72a.?

IF

wiJPT

iq

p-

ru!-

sz-gA

To

P?RmfER,

TypE

-p-

A.-D

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DRI

TER.-

LasZE

TYPE

-

DI73

CCFE?UTER

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S4

n.

TLAfl1

i

anp

F

Gaii*

2*

DATE=

01/24/12

TME

20.10.14

*

(Ei.~ER

RM--RA~i

S

31

MTRT

OUTPUT

GAi----

PR(C":

ME00)

FS(C.Mi

:--ALL

44010201

EN

42000lo

Eýý

-1=51009

7

40041000

72

4005;100

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4W61030

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CIL

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EU

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SIGZAL

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5 E

86

Exam-mbe

gam

ghm-gr

6.

-This

ez-anD

1

p

is a rga

nc

uses

the

-alag

OutA, Lntucin an n

10.he

Voltage

autput

c-ityof

-tý

Tiu~~npor~ o

interw~at,

the

vo,2-age

outpui

it:

~

4.0

-e r

shoii3.d

rzalfie

The fPi-ear

fo

~'~?

tdEC.

xa

is

as

follow~s:

Load

20gri

P(3-1)=001lS

ADD

I

1 is nOO ono

87

GE/EE/712-7

0

~~Ter.-ite

---

-8

I

Gr-/E-P/72-7

~

IF

OUTPUT

IS

TO

S3E

DIS?:-;Sa=D

W,

PR!HTE?..

TYPE

'P"

-AND

'YOUJR

0

1THER]

VISE

TYPE,

-;

-~ R

4*

bMIM

M.PUTER

DATE=

02107/72

vsTICE

20,40,04

*

~(ENTERP

S

VOLTAGE

C:?PU.PSGRfLhl

FIL

400720 441 %0

-

I---

4~0172

~ a

0~4201

EN

40059SO00

EN

64020202

EN~

50000232

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CL

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LCC

CL

EN

CL

200000

EN

aEC(0302)

XCRU&N)

IRC(O!)

4*

RSU.LTS

13F

SIZ

3

JLA13100**

1.OF

L-KECUTIO-2-S

SPEC:-

L-33-

2-23

PWASE=

RESIS~TER

P(3,-!)=

001

~'(S1)

Z01000G

VITH!,

A

VOLTAGE

OUTPUT

0.7

0.00

V~OLTS

*VICS-1!):

006030301

'J-h*

A O~iG

UTPUT

CIF

.16

VOLTS

VOLTAGE

CUTPUT

IS

ONI

LI

c'E

V3I11

*VI(9-1)=

0003090I3

V!IT

A

V-1-LAGE

OUTiPUT

OF

.31

VZILTS

ViZLTAGE:

OUTPUT

IS

20.11

LINE

V01

VICS-!)=

O03J00011

U11H

A

V:OLIAG

CUTPUT

OF

.47

VOLTS

VZLTAGE OUTPUT

IS

CH

UINE

V.011

V1(S-1I)=

OU0000100

VITAr

A

IVOLTAGE

OUTPUT

OF

.63

MILS

WOLTAGE

OUTPUT

IS

ON

Uu3alE

V0l11

V1(8-1)=

00000101

Vllm

A

VOILTAGE

OUTPUT

Or'

.78

VOLTS

VOLTAGE

OUTPUT

IS

ONl

LIK~E

V3I1

VI(S-1)= 00000110

WITH

A

VOLTAGE

OU1PUT OF

.94

VOLTS

VOLTAGE

OUTPUT

IS

ON

LIZ-!z

VWI

V1(8-1)=

00000111

Vlh

A

!JO.LTAP.E

0!UTPUT

OF

1.09

VOLTS

VOLTA

GE:

OUTPUT

IS

ON

Li

RE

V51s

I

i

90o

OF

EXEC'JTIONQ1

HAVjE

EXiCEE-EEO

W;.

SPECIFIED

-

PROGIRMu

TERMIN2ATED

TO

RUU

A1UOTHIER

PR~vG::LAii

TYPE

-rRLl'jf;

TO

STCP

TYPE

ýHALT

ZPALT

MUM

OF

CF

ROG?.AH-

EXECUTI

Ci

TInE:

.771

SEC

2.0.45.04.sTop

j

GE/EE/72-7

gommtiae

Pro~a

!~e

.Tis

pro,--=~

is

an

example

of

a

progr-am

Vhich-

uses

all

the

shift

instructioiis

--f

the

)17Bco-rter

imstru=tion

-set.

'.od--

trmaefg

and

register

display

arm

used

im-

the

co-mute

mode

on-ly.

Mie

flIOU021--t-

for

ex

petrozraa

no.

7

is

as

foncus:

ZARd

M

!odes

Display

A*'-7-6003?

thut .wo

Id'S

3

AP.s

3

S~L 3

SAR 3

-JIg

3

90

GE/EE/72-7

IF

CTPUT

Is

73

0T.DT_

3ZE~

?

~~

L2

E-==

WISE

TYPE-a

-*

4'

D!Z

CMUTVER

OXoG40

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GBTA)

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=

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mi

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0

Coo

*I1 III

CLEAR

2

ADD

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CA3

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3?a

m

ai

e

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ca

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110

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12-7

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sa

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GI/EE/72-7I

WI.,

Conclusion

A

sofo'ftar

simuilation

progrmn

ofteDiia I

D1

Computer

;IaS

U.-itten

to

sim-alate

thae

fun.tions-:of

'the

D17.BI

e4mputer.

M!he

dD~jectives

of

this

siirnlatilon

W~ere

-;o

ha-ve

the

sinalationi

Pa'eg-r-am

siiiiflate

th-s

aetiml

com-ipater

as

closely

as

Mi~be."~s

objective

uwa

rmea

bea~use

ir

majoritty

of

the

D1Bfizntions

have

beem-

included

In

the

si1r71axtion

Dig?~R

e

loair

ax-A

intuaractidon

fmactioflZ

of

the

mnmn-r~pte

=,4

1hare

been

wsed.

In

the

-compue

zwonde,

the-

-e-armbing,

=~~n

~d~

ra'iting

nery-j,

md-

instructio

e--ecutioa.

are

all,

par-al

of

the

sirnlplaticn

Prograw-v

zae114herer

possible,

thesas

al.goritk=

iiap:Le---nte&

on

th~e

D)173

%asa

used

in

the

simJ..ation

Me~z

2-s

wwo~c~3rell

iCIn

soze

rincfienci-es

ini

the

si

aa~t-ic~a

Proz-gamm,

bew

a

bynpote

of

uzing

t'm-

sae

lsorit;--=

i3

tha

the

simulaionj

porezam

can

b--

u.sed.

asazab i-g

I

for

Iearin~g

the

opramtioni

of

tbe

1)173-3

com~uter.

A.-so errmor

Ie-teCtica

ums

bu~ilt

into

th-e

s3.L-7,.ation-

pogvamr

esn&

has

been

very

helpfri".

in

creatimg

Xrogmeam

tapes

for

tlie

DIB

compu_.ter.

Reconm=?dation-S

for

g-gty

Th

ere

aex

someI

D17B

commuter

fim-ctlon

irh~cZ

havre

not

been

Inemrparated

In

the

simirl

Itiou-

prE-mi

~

of

these

fu:nctieims

are

associate-2iit

real

_-

cantrol,

1rct-essing

and

Ancluile

the

Ckwtibi]itises

for

i-ne-een'

ipn-uts

amdl11-e

ot

74/.

ha

1)173

co-m-atr

is

caCale

fdtea-S

-nrmtl

y~ ad Unv b! -4' 6: i--l or o to the wod of

incmremenal

adding

bits

61

uifolxi

Qeriest

mithe por~o-

trae

c-ontol.r

~o~ dhotp'gaicuto;-As ~

the EC

(enter

fi2

at

coitd.n

finr-.ietc

iW

m'exe~td

M- t

tin -me -ro d

-

fte ialto

comarteros

too

h

fn

1,-r-to- usede Ir

Xhea

inot

cutheorigma

peje,Pz

th

theoo

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1967.

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eir

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Los

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1952

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1945

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1956

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1952

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1955

sin

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1951

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1963

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code

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the

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top

accepting

dat

an.

ner

th-e

program

halt

xncd6i

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halt

ncde

dill

be

ente-rel

if

the

compute

switch

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set

at

the

HP.aLt

position.

CO.!W=-

-

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code

causes

the

con-puter

to

go

to

the

mnual

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m--e

of

nonco.-iute.

The

coepute

mo-de

vil be

entered

if

the

com_-ite

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the

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or

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position.

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FILU

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load

code

0"

sets

the

f!I/verify

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WRIFY•

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load

cme

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sets

the

filll/verify

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LJOCATE

-

This

c-._e

eauses

tne

contents

of

the Lo-er

A'calm-

ulator

to

be

shiftc

ia.to

the

Tnstraction

Register.

CLAR

-

This

code

clears

the

Lom.er

Accula!utor

by

fillirg

it

with.

afl

zeros.

DE

MD. -

This

cede

causes

no

action.

SEI•

-

The

action

produ-ed

by

this

code

depe-ds

upon

the

setting

of

the

£illherify

flipflop.

WTen

this

code

is first

deciphered,

the

contents

of

the

Louer

AccIImElator.

is

tiranferred into

the

Acc-

S

I111! Ito

r.

13-3J

If 03 is a

On

setj

then

th~e

OontentS,

of

the

Apqya-

()ulator is

stored

In

the

meuor7

locatiJon

ad4ressea.

by

the Instruct!ion

Reagister.

If

0~

is '1'

set,

the-n

the

contentsofteAc.

ultr

sc-=Daaed

udth

-the

conltents

of-the

MXMý1ry

location

addressed

by

t~he

Ins.trction

lRegster,

Thme

last;

action

of

this

load

code.

is

to

jb-acreamet-

the

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by

one.

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Dj

'5--

__srution-

for

-Usng

-

S~at

AF!T

Forew-or&

to

Appendixz

Dj

A

so-Lobiare

suiwallion

prograni

has-

bseeixx.ttn

wbich

sinulates

the

functions

ofthe

Hiiiuteren

D!.7B

COmPuater.

Mihe

structura

anid

org-aniza~bn~

of

this

similuation

prograMi

is

descrilbce-

in

dhia~ter

11

of

tlds

t-hesks1-.

The

Dl73

siri-a

lation

language

is

p..resentieii

ini

ciapteer

1I12

chapter

I1V

contains

a

U.sting

of

Vne

e=.

of

st-at~e~snts

of

the

Simu-

lation

progran,

and

cbapt~er

V is

=-de

up,

of

example

pro-

grams

vI~bch

were

'rim

on

the

sizi.ated

com-outerz-

-

r1his

axpend~ix

coataians

nfrat

for

using-

the

Dl)73

computter

s

~ai= u~a

all

APIT.

Froceddures

are

siven

for

accessing'

the

sim-ulation

program

froma

a

teletjype

tern-

Thai.

Infrmo~tbion

c

ri-n=ig

tbe

iuse

of

progi~am

talpes

ard.

e7tra

iprozxam

f~iles

is

also

incluC-A..

A

cmrensed

V

version

of

the

DI's

s5.nuiati

--

luan

ge

is

given

TollowEea

by

the

Ii1stim-S

of

a

sztr-

for

crea~ting

a

thoz-bened

version

of

the

simsulzation

1xanngz~vge.

GE/EE!72-7

Procedlores

for

Usý

the

D173

Go~er

Simidation

1-0at AFIm

a

TheP

DI

73

commater

Sikulai

oa,

-p

rog

van

as

-

zttont

b--

used

fro~m

-=

teletype

-ter-Li-aa

1

Procediures

f

or

op-eratii~t

a

teletYpe

ternini

i

are

con-tained

in

teintcrcom

2

Ref-

erence

H~ansa

(R~ef

3).

The

simul.ationprra

is

available

on

Jthe

CD'%f

6,600

%Comvut-r

System

as

a

merim

nent

file.

-SIuAIiis

thie

perm-arent,

file

nae

Omly

ane

versioni of-

tha

03oram

GM4

sts

so

a

Cycle

nmrmber

need

not&.

b,-

spacified

iihen

att

--

dh

the

pern-anen-t,

ffile.

lio~-aever,

the

irograO

Ca

catljogued

as

CY=1.

1rhe

sinulation

programn

reqT

as

less

thanm-

4902

Of

mem~-y.

to

e:xecuto

on

4thm

oo0,60,0ri

The

mraority

of

~ogr~'s-r",

on

t7.-s.;--

~

io

prog~

-aquire

less

tn&.an~

5

seconds

of

canitral

prozezssertie

Or~era~iont

fr~rr

a

Telet:m-e

Tea-mrdal.

-To

access

the

sisnulati-do

py'ogram

from

thhe

zeletNyve

ir--

~lrequires

thle

user

to

LOS1.1T

dl'it

the

6600

co,.mptzcns.

Proc-eadues

for

doing

t:-As

jare

contairmei-

in

the

-Int-arcc,;.

2

Referimnce

Fanua-l

(R-ef

3:

Cnian.

3,

P.

3p).

te

log-inn

has

-ce-en

successfully

completed

the

teleltype

p~rints

aut

Vie

user

i~ilrezscL-!

itil

to

cZake

the

sirA~uatimn

-rora

aailable

for

his

use.

The

sysll'e-

r-slpnd-L-

-A

rqet

by

ty~t~he

tinr-e

an~d

the

a&ttah

rejuest.

To

o1o-'edby

i

T%-_

user

-ml2st

decide

if

he

tmmts

th,-e

outputll.

to

be

printed

atthe

teletypq

or

if

he-

:-ns -s

ispo

the

uptt

tbe

batuh term-aa

UiQlne

prnter.

UP

output

is

to

be

printed

by

h eltp

the user

z-*iould

respond

to

Vie

coi~ancl

lwith

If

output.

is

to

be

diswoseZ-

to-the

highd

spe-,-ed

printer

the

user

ehould.

rcsvmd

vdh--.-~ ~-

"I7-

cG2m3

:,FI.i

illPS

The

systen

wiii

mroess

t~his

request

and

thle

teletype

ium

print

the

fol-owi~ng:

CQIS22-

Tme

user

st±rui-d.

rs-vnd

uk~

ah

Vaich

puts

One

sim-ulat-ion

program

inio

execution.

Dzuring

execution.

of

his

daathe

user

zehou"Id

respond.

to

any

nes

sages

that

appe.aws

at

thle

taletype.

Hhen

Vh

user

ma iishe

runnipg

pro,--ms.

he sliould

exit

Ithe

simmi'1ation

prog)re-n

by

speifr-bu:12OF"a-.&

res

od

to

Vie

inessage:

by

typing

Mnesyse-mrcsDoulds

~-A-U"

the

nssag'o

D-

GVE/EE72-7

ýand

prints

the

amoumt

of

execution

tiim

used.

Mhs-

MMfl

be

followed

by

-CO;

YAID-

If

output

.s

to

-De

disposed

to

the

batcdh

termina

line

printer,

the

user

shoul~d

respznd.

with

foloued.&

by

the

ILGGO--

mro'lures

containe

in

thie

Inter-com

2

Reference

ivianual

(Ref

3:Cih-'aD;

39

P.

3-6).

If

outputl

Is

LotzU

to

be

stsd -tb4ierfer

then the

user

eao-ald

fojllcr-

th-e

Droeedures

for

LoGoUZ.

'Usiurz

Propmram

Tazas

5

i2rogwam

tpe

can

s

kuPply

data

to

the

s-

*-'a-4.-Qzticn

Thera.

da-ta-

on

these

tamms

is

entered.

by-

0the

tame

reader

locateed

at

e.ach.

teletype

termini-m.

mhe,

ProgramI

tapes

can.

also

be

zt--id

at

:,:.

tele-type

tsrminal.

Procedures

for

p---ing-

an-r

r.-

of

program

tapes

Is

contained

in

the

in~tercom

2

Reference

iRaniý-

(Ref

3:Ghap_-:.

2,

P.7-9).

Prograam

tape-,s

w1iicb

wi21

also

I,-

nm

on

the

D173

bomm-

*

~Puter

Must

b--

written

usirag

the

ASCII

representation

describedj

In

chapter

InI

of

this

thesis.

BleanRcst

line

feeds,,

arA

car-j

ri-16e

retturn-s

are

ignored

'&;,

the

Dl73

compubar

tape

reader,

so

these-

syzzOls

ca-1n

ba

p-imch-ed

on

the

tames.

This

a~llws

the

PrOf.ram

taies:

walich

will

be

run

on

the

D!7B-

cozmlter

to

also

I>-

execasbeil

&y

te

sizulationporm

D-3

GE/EE-/72-7

Us~h~

xtern

l

s

TV~&

Mies

can

be

establisbed

In-the-

0

cDc

6600

computer

vatich

will

suppWTl

data

In

the

ASCII

rer-.

-3 ---

-!

resentatimx

to

the

simuliation

progrem.

The

Mie.-

must

have

the

n~ames

of~

TAMiZ

or

TAPRE3.

T111ey-cau

ba

created

at

-the

teletype

by

eaterimg

SMM?

rihen

the

tealetyjpe

prints

ýO

LIM_-

The

user

responds

utith

SETU1P.

IThe-teletype

will

process

this

commav-,

avd

itr-int

tckt

The

usef-

s3iOUla.

iype

MIzM7EtW

or

Mae

telctypz:

well

respond

with

The

user

can

pro-ee&

to

virit-e

a

pregrzo

An

2ASCIII

rejw-eseT-ta-

tion.

Each'1

li~ne

of

tsbs

ypogram-ri

be

proceeded

b.7

a

Illm'3

r

'nber.

Procedia-re.

for

cireating

prograsi

hugeacn

tained

ir-

t;-e

UY

MCCon

2

Reference

Ham-iil

("Reff

3:

ChaEP.

4).

The

last1-

srsibol

suppmlied

mist80

be

the

letter

1111u.

22is

syn-

bol

signifies

the

end

of

the

program.

Also

the

SAVE

direc-

tive

should

always

b--

given-

all

Ube

enI

of

a

pregram.

To

use

the

-urogrmn

created

on

VAJE2,

or

MIFAPý3

the-

imer

must

provide au

argwu--ent

to

the

sim-a'ation

prog=a

coin

Ji~aI.

EOAH(2

will

result.

i.n

the

read-Imv.

of

tile

da-ta

enc

TALF-2.

MaH-(3)

causes

the

sirmulAzt.1Io

progmram

to

read tbe

data

from

TA=-3.

An

ezarmple

in

-uhicih

d~ata

is

read

from

TOMi

is

as

follo

iS:

(EI-R.

M~GMAI)

0

~PR(O21)

iMR(O2I)

Ei(o-2i)

?S(-C--&)

IiPaM.1f2)

S~im'1ati

1

a~gue

is

as

folaowss:

Bfrary

mm-

bars

-0,

:L

t-oaý

Codes

-HA,

Ifil

rCT-0.1

MILUs

VE~fl?

Wheen

OCCZL

is

specifiea,

iyimb

n~ust

be

in

Gatal

rep-

raesntation.

Whllen

B-1INAUY

is

r-;=fif

ld,

input.

r-past

be

in

Blm-arY

rapresen-ttion.

'13hen

MIU,

is

-ma-cifiled,

tupel,

rist

be

if--

I

repatesutat5.oi.

%Delault

ISC~~h

ASCII

Reesntaio~

~e~asetatcn

e-uresantati-On

Ih~brs-0

10000

0

2

-

00010

2

3

10011

3

4

00100

-4

5

~101015

6

1.0110

6

700111 ?

Loe.&

Codes

-HALT

01000

8

PILL

11010

ZI

VEMIDOY

01011

caipulý-11100

01101

D~-5

IE/EE/?-?

CVDAR

01110

'0 IE, E11 --

'

7!:.%NaM

Siuitediaes

T

imin~g

Sirgaal

T(O-H)

Power

£¶MIOff

Sni-tch

FR(w~)z

1'R(OFF)

niltiatre

Load

Sueitch

PS(O5)

ll.aster

Reset.-Switch

MH(O"J)

D~iscret~e Sw~itch

DD(ONi)s

DIr(F)

(Dafaullt

of

thase

sw

tches

is

OPT).

Clo-=Ute

Fo-62

Suiitch

K(HA~)

X&M.hGS)s

(Dea4u--%At

of

thiis switohas

i s

PIALW)

Display

-A

bimaz'o

output

listing

of

aniy

orf

the

follow-;

~

reziserrs

or

lopps

-a

-

be

given

i~ene-jer

i-t-s

coiten-ts

c~ass

iLf

itapppsaas

as

the

*

airnina~-

of

thle RMISTz

comanud:

1--zmOn1Ic

Register

or

LogaD

-4 ~A C.

u-l

a

to

r

I

Thslax-action

Register

L

Lower

Acc-imulator

I~uberRegister

F

P-loop

R

H-loot,

U

U-loop

17

V-l0oo

Rca~ple:

lTG-ISTE-R(A3=3,L

Z)

010o.

of

argimaat-

c=i

varry

frrom

0

to

20

anc.

izust.

C

~ba

ona

of

tcegivan

above)

D-6-

-GE/M/?

2-7

The

cOntents

of

inemory

uMi--

be

-glien

as

out~lp-t

.v~ienever

a

M~EMORY

cormA_

:is

given:

RE~0R(0C2L)

?eorncY

dum~p

will

be

gi7en

in

Octal:-

O3Y(BfLHAilY)

Hemnory

d

ilbe

given

in

Binary.

(D-efa-o13f;

is

OCLXL

Discrete

xhp'pxts

-x(19

bit-s

as

argu-e~nt)I

Y(24~

bits

as

r-_

Examle:

(ilicoo

lo;-o

-olll1-11lSooo)

--

Era01ple

00(4,110000

1 loo-

frcremental

Inputs

-

V(241

bits

as

a--romulnet)

RI(24'

bits

as

argiment)

E=xa-le:

V(0000

0001

0010

0011

0100

01011

R(OOC001iI112il100001101)

SIEa

c~h

time

SIGIULT

is

usc-:

i

f2

sth

re-resntl",onflo

0to

1

or

-

to

0

"Si~IL

is

0

at

the

beginii'-1i1,0,Of

the

prozr~rim.

When

Sic-;-"!

is

1;

lie

io

E~ECTExi

mm-N. Lf --

codncyls t

es

"heComu

0-11c~

be

tracd.

ed

E=M-

70

"o.

Ofexection

cycesution

E~3j1~(

050)

2.50

executions

(Defwalt

is

50

exeoutions)

D-?

GEI/EE/?2-7

YK(O)

-

virl

f-limflop

is

so

set.

--

k

VKl~()

-

'VJK

fl.ip.flop

is

212

set.

-

RK(

Ms-

3

flipflop

is

NO

set.

-

BK~)

-BKflipflop is

in

Set.

-

r ~Eii~iALZ~ -

iemory

is

initialized,

binary

output

Tliýpf

lops

aree

set

to

+1,

and

dis-

C-rebte

irn'-ut

counters

are

set

to

zero.

Shpt"&

"rsono~

iaton

'Tam

-a

Mue

f

Ooflo1dn

-~

listinc'

Contains

the

sim13ation languase

words

imhch

van.

be

shortened,

the

imt-erpetingltes,

d.cxa-I-6

j ~a

shortened

version~:

Simmilat~on-

Lanaguage

mords

-cidlaic

can

b-

In-Dex-roreting1

-Expapple

of

a

ShorteSnedene --- Persion

LOCAfi5IOi

L

LOC-

FILL

F1

Ffl.&

CGIMSS.

co

COX4

CI&'Al

CL

DEIETR

DE

DEL

OC

TAIL

0

OCT

BDLA~B

B

MI

SUMMGL

S

SPIAG

RUNI

R

RUNl

R -.

P

a

'E)ME

(Arg)

REG(Arg)

lOmiX(BC-MALY

iKE(B)

J4EM(o)

SIGNAL

S

sic-

W-

C

E

UEGU

-(A

rg)

EX(Arg)

U~.r-,

-D-8

AD 742_965_Software_Simulation_of_the_Minuteman_D17B_Computer_Mar72 742 965 Software Simulation Of The Minuteman D17B Computer Mar72

AD-742_965_Software_Simulation_of_the_Minuteman_D17B_Computer_Mar72 AD-742_965_Software_Simulation_of_the_Minuteman_D17B_Computer_Mar72

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