CFIT Checklist CFIT_checklist_FSF FSF
User Manual: CFIT_checklist_FSF
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Flight Safety Foundation CFIT Checklist Evaluate the Risk and Take Action Flight Safety Foundation (FSF) designed this controlled-flight-into-terrain (CFIT) risk-assessment safety tool as part of its international program to reduce CFIT accidents, which present the greatest risks to aircraft, crews and passengers. The FSF CFIT Checklist is likely to undergo further developments, but the Foundation believes that the checklist is sufficiently developed to warrant distribution to the worldwide aviation community. Use the checklist to evaluate specific flight operations and to enhance pilot awareness of the CFIT risk. The checklist is divided into three parts. In each part, numerical values are assigned to a variety of factors that the pilot/operator will use to score his/her own situation and to calculate a numerical total. In Part I: CFIT Risk Assessment, the level of CFIT risk is calculated for each flight, sector or leg. In Part II: CFIT Risk-reduction Factors, Company Culture, Flight Standards, Hazard Awareness and Training, and Aircraft Equipment are factors, which are calculated in separate sections. In Part III: Your CFIT Risk, the totals of the four sections in Part II are combined into a single value (a positive number) and compared with the total (a negative number) in Part I: CFIT Risk Assessment to determine your CFIT Risk Score. To score the checklist, use a nonpermanent marker (do not use a ballpoint pen or pencil) and erase with a soft cloth. Part I: CFIT Risk Assessment Section 1 – Destination CFIT Risk Factors Value Airport and Approach Control Capabilities: ATC approach radar with MSAWS .................................................................................... 0 ATC minimum radar vectoring charts ................................................................................ 0 ATC radar only.................................................................................................................... -10 ATC radar coverage limited by terrain masking ................................................................. -15 No radar coverage available (out of service/not installed) ................................................. -30 No ATC service ................................................................................................................... -30 Expected Approach: Airport located in or near mountainous terrain .................................................................. -20 ILS ...................................................................................................................................... 0 VOR/DME .......................................................................................................................... -15 Nonprecision approach with the approach slope from the FAF to the airport TD shallower than 2 3/4 degrees .................................................................. -20 NDB .................................................................................................................................... -30 Visual night “black-hole” approach .................................................................................... -30 Runway Lighting: Complete approach lighting system ................................................................................... 0 Limited lighting system ...................................................................................................... -30 Controller/Pilot Language Skills: Controllers and pilots speak different primary languages .................................................. -20 Controllers’ spoken English or ICAO phraseology poor .................................................... -20 Pilots’ spoken English poor ................................................................................................ -20 Departure: No published departure procedure ...................................................................................... -10 Score ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ Destination CFIT Risk Factors Total (−) _____ Flight Safety Foundation 11 CFIT Checklist (Rev. 2.3/1,000/r) Section 2 – Risk Multiplier Value Your Company’s Type of Operation (select only one value): Scheduled ............................................................................................................................ 1.0 Nonscheduled ...................................................................................................................... 1.2 Corporate............................................................................................................................. 1.3 Charter ................................................................................................................................ 1.5 Business owner/pilot ........................................................................................................... 2.0 Regional .............................................................................................................................. 2.0 Freight ................................................................................................................................ 2.5 Domestic ............................................................................................................................. 1.0 International ........................................................................................................................ 3.0 Departure/Arrival Airport (select single highest applicable value): Australia/New Zealand ....................................................................................................... 1.0 United States/Canada .......................................................................................................... 1.0 Western Europe ................................................................................................................... 1.3 Middle East ......................................................................................................................... 1.1 Southeast Asia ..................................................................................................................... 3.0 Euro-Asia (Eastern Europe and Commonwealth of Independent States) .......................... 3.0 South America/Caribbean ................................................................................................... 5.0 Africa .................................................................................................................................. 8.0 Weather/Night Conditions (select only one value): Night — no moon ............................................................................................................... 2.0 IMC ..................................................................................................................................... 3.0 Night and IMC .................................................................................................................... 5.0 Crew (select only one value): Single-pilot flight crew ....................................................................................................... 1.5 Flight crew duty day at maximum and ending with a night nonprecision approach ......... 1.2 Flight crew crosses five or more time zones ....................................................................... 1.2 Third day of multiple time-zone crossings ......................................................................... 1.2 Add Multiplier Values to Calculate Risk Multiplier Total Score ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ Destination CFIT Risk Factors Total × Risk Multiplier Total = CFIT Risk Factors Total (−) _____ Part II: CFIT Risk-reduction Factors Section 1 – Company Culture Value Corporate/company management: Places safety before schedule .............................................................................................. 20 CEO signs off on flight operations manual ......................................................................... 20 Maintains a centralized safety function ............................................................................... 20 Fosters reporting of all CFIT incidents without threat of discipline ................................... 20 Fosters communication of hazards to others ....................................................................... 15 Requires standards for IFR currency and CRM training ..................................................... 15 Places no negative connotation on a diversion or missed approach .................................... 20 115-130 points 105-115 points 80-105 points Less than 80 points Flight Safety Foundation Tops in company culture Good, but not the best Improvement needed High CFIT risk Company Culture Total 2 Score ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (+) ____ * Section 2 – Flight Standards Value Specific procedures are written for: Reviewing approach or departure procedures charts ........................................................... 10 Reviewing significant terrain along intended approach or departure course ...................... 20 Maximizing the use of ATC radar monitoring ..................................................................... 10 Ensuring pilot(s) understand that ATC is using radar or radar coverage exists .................. 20 Altitude changes .................................................................................................................. 10 Ensuring checklist is complete before initiation of approach ............................................. 10 Abbreviated checklist for missed approach ......................................................................... 10 Briefing and observing MSA circles on approach charts as part of plate review ............... 10 Checking crossing altitudes at IAF positions ...................................................................... 10 Checking crossing altitudes at FAF and glideslope centering ............................................. 10 Independent verification by PNF of minimum altitude during stepdown DME (VOR/DME or LOC/DME) approach ................................................. 20 Requiring approach/departure procedure charts with terrain in color, shaded contour formats ................................................................................... 20 Radio-altitude setting and light-aural (below MDA) for backup on approach ................... 10 Independent charts for both pilots, with adequate lighting and holders ............................. 10 Use of 500-foot altitude call and other enhanced procedures for NPA ............................... 10 Ensuring a sterile (free from distraction) cockpit, especially during IMC/night approach or departure .................................................................................. 10 Crew rest, duty times and other considerations especially for multiple-time-zone operation .................................................................................. 20 Periodic third-party or independent audit of procedures ..................................................... 10 Route and familiarization checks for new pilots Domestic ........................................................................................................................ 10 International .................................................................................................................. 20 Airport familiarization aids, such as audiovisual aids ......................................................... 10 First officer to fly night or IMC approaches and the captain to monitor the approach ..................................................................................................... 20 Jump-seat pilot (or engineer or mechanic) to help monitor terrain clearance and the approach in IMC or night conditions ............................................................... 20 Insisting that you fly the way that you train ........................................................................ 25 300-335 points 270-300 points 200-270 points Less than 200 Tops in CFIT flight standards Good, but not the best Improvement needed High CFIT risk Flight Standards Total Score ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (+) ____ * Section 3 – Hazard Awareness and Training Value Your company reviews training with the training department or training contractor ......... 10 Your company’s pilots are reviewed annually about the following: Flight standards operating procedures .......................................................................... 20 Reasons for and examples of how the procedures can detect a CFIT “trap” ................ 30 Recent and past CFIT incidents/accidents .................................................................... 50 Audiovisual aids to illustrate CFIT traps ...................................................................... 50 Minimum altitude definitions for MORA, MOCA, MSA, MEA, etc. ......................... 15 You have a trained flight safety officer who rides the jump seat occasionally ................... 25 You have flight safety periodicals that describe and analyze CFIT incidents ..................... 10 You have an incident/exceedance review and reporting program ....................................... 20 Your organization investigates every instance in which minimum terrain clearance has been compromised ...................................................................... 20 Flight Safety Foundation 33 Score ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ Flight Safety Foundation You annually practice recoveries from terrain with GPWS in the simulator ...................... 40 You train the way that you fly.............................................................................................. 25 285-315 points 250-285 points 190-250 points Less than 190 Tops in CFIT training Good, but not the best Improvement needed High CFIT risk Hazard Awareness and Training Total ______ ______ (+) ____ * Section 4 – Aircraft Equipment Value Aircraft includes: Radio altimeter with cockpit display of full 2,500-foot range — captain only ................. 20 Radio altimeter with cockpit display of full 2,500-foot range — copilot .......................... 10 First-generation GPWS ........................................................................................................ 20 Second-generation GPWS or better ..................................................................................... 30 GPWS with all approved modifications, data tables and service bulletins to reduce false warnings ................................................................................. 10 Navigation display and FMS ............................................................................................... 10 Limited number of automated altitude callouts ................................................................... 10 Radio-altitude automated callouts for nonprecision approach (not heard on ILS approach) and procedure .................................................. 10 Preselected radio altitudes to provide automated callouts that would not be heard during normal nonprecision approach ........................................... 10 Barometric altitudes and radio altitudes to give automated “decision” or “minimums” callouts .............................................................................. 10 An automated excessive “bank angle” callout..................................................................... 10 Auto flight/vertical speed mode.......................................................................................... -10 Auto flight/vertical speed mode with no GPWS ................................................................ -20 GPS or other long-range navigation equipment to supplement NDB-only approach ...................................................................................................... 15 Terrain-navigation display ................................................................................................... 20 Ground-mapping radar ......................................................................................................... 10 175-195 points 155-175 points 115-155 points Less than 115 Excellent equipment to minimize CFIT risk Good, but not the best Aircraft Equipment Total Improvement needed High CFIT risk Score ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (+) ____ * Company Culture _________ + Flight Standards _________ + Hazard Awareness and Training _________ + Aircraft Equipment _________ = CFIT Risk-reduction Factors Total (+) ________ * If any section in Part II scores less than “Good,” a thorough review is warranted of that aspect of the company’s operation. Part III: Your CFIT Risk Part I CFIT Risk Factors Total (−) _____ + Part II CFIT Risk-reduction Factors Total (+) _____ = CFIT Risk Score (±) _____ A negative CFIT Risk Score indicates a significant threat; review the sections in Part II and determine what changes and improvements can be made to reduce CFIT risk. In the interest of aviation safety, this checklist may be reprinted in whole or in part, but credit must be given to Flight Safety Foundation. To request more information or to offer comments about the FSF CFIT Checklist, contact James M. Burin, director of technical programs, Flight Safety Foundation, 601 Madison Street, Suite 300, Alexandria, VA 22314 U.S., Telephone: +1 (703) 739-6700 • Fax: +1 (703) 739-6708. FSF CFIT Checklist © 1994 Flight Safety Foundation Flight Safety Foundation 4
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File Type : PDF File Type Extension : pdf MIME Type : application/pdf PDF Version : 1.4 Linearized : Yes Encryption : Standard V1.2 (40-bit) User Access : Print, Fill forms, Extract, Assemble, Print high-res Create Date : 1998:06:19 10:24:23Z Keywords : CFIT, controlled flight into terrain Subject : CFIT Checklist Evaluate the Risk and Take Action Modify Date : 2003:04:10 14:15:08-04:00 Page Count : 4 Page Layout : SinglePage Creation Date : 1998:06:19 10:24:23Z Producer : Acrobat Distiller 3.02 for Power Macintosh Author : Flight Safety Foundation Mod Date : 2003:04:10 14:15:08-04:00 Metadata Date : 2003:04:10 14:15:08-04:00 Description : CFIT Checklist Evaluate the Risk and Take Action Title : CFIT Checklist Creator : Flight Safety FoundationEXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools