DEC 11 OPUGA A D PDL Operator's Guide

DEC-11-OPUGA-A-D PDL Operator's Guide DEC-11-OPUGA-A-D PDL Operator's Guide

User Manual: DEC-11-OPUGA-A-D PDL Operator's Guide

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digital equipment corporation- niQYnar~~,massachu~~tts .

First Printing, June 1975

The. information in this document is subject to change without notice
and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment
Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility
for any errors that may appear in this manual.
The software described in thi.s document is furnished to the purchaser
under a license for use on a single computer system and can be copied
(with inclusion of DIGITAL's copyright notice) only for use in such
system, except as may otherwise be provided in writing by DIGITAL.
Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use
or reliability of its software on equipment that is not supplied by
. DIGITAL.

Copyright

C§)

(

1975, by Digital Equipment Corporation

The.HOW TO OBTAIN SOFTWARE INFORMATION page, located at the back of
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(

PREFACE

The PDL system is primarily a system designed for data acquisition and
analysis.

It will collect, record and process data from 15 instruments

such as Autoanalyzers, SMA's or Coulter model "s" while simultaneously
doing calculations with the data being collected or perform any other
services of BASIC.
,

The PDL operators guide provides the USer with information on system
usage, initialization of instrument parameters, cassette manipulation,
software interfacing, report generating, sample programs, error conditions and error procedures..
BASIC CAPS language.

Also included is an introduction to the

These chapters are structured in the logical

fashion to orient you with the system from installation to daily operation.
The following manuals ·provide the PDL user with additional information.
PDL Programmers Manual DEC-II-OPPMA-A-D
BASIC Language Reference Manual DEC-II-LIBBA-A-D
CAPS 11 Users Guide DEC-II-OTUGA-A-D
CAPS/BASIC Users Manual DEC-l1-LIBCA-A-D

iii

(
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CONTENTS (Cont.)

(
Pa'}e

CHAPTER 6

BASIC LANGUAGE INTRODUCTION

6 •. 1

BASIC CAPABILITIES

6-1

6.2

IMMEDIATE MODE

6-2

6.3
6.3.1

PROGRAMMED MODE
Statements

6-2
6-2

6.4
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.4.3
6.4.4

MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS.
Relational Operation
Evaluation of Expressions
Character Strings
Variable

6-3
6-3
6-3
6-4
6-4

CHAPTER 7

;>

i"''

(
' ..

REPORT GENERATORS

7.1
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.1.3
7.1.4

SUBROUTINES USED
INTL Subroutine
RDBF Subroutine
BFST Subroutine
STAT Subroutine

7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5

7.2

SAMPLE PROGRAM

7-5

APPENDIX A

BASIC STATEMENTS, COMMANDS, FUNCTIONS

A-I

APPENDIX B

BASIC ERROR MESSAGES

B-1

iv

7~2

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~

(

':

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1

OVERVIEW

The PDL Operator's Guide provides an overview of the PDL system, its
function, and its overall operating procedures. The chapters include
information on system usages, initialization, cassette manipulation,
software interfacing, report generating, and error procedures. Also
included is an introduction to the BASIC-CAPS
language •
The
information is set forth in a logical fashion to increase familiarity
with PDL and to simplify system use on a daily basis.

.(

1.2

(

PDL (Programmable Data Logger) has been developed specifically for use
with clinical laboratory instruments. PDL's primary functions are to
aquiredata from such instruments as Autoanalyzers, SMAs, and coulter
model ItS',' counters, to manipulate the data mathematically, and to·
produce formatted repo~ts.
(The reports are printedOti the Console
terminal or any other designated printing device.) PDL may also be
used as a programmable calculator, tailored to allow individual
~odification within the laboratory.

c·

1.2.1

INTENDED USE

The System

PDL is buH t around the PDP-:-ll/lO processor. The .PDL. system includes
such features as dual cassette drives (drives 0 and 1), aconsole
terminal (a DECwriter), and 24K .(lK = 1024 words) of core memory_
Local operator. console terminals are provided for each laboratory
instrument interface..
.
Input/Output (I/O) devices connect local operator terminals, clinical
instruments, and the central processor. For such clinical instruments
as the coulter, the I/O devices are digital~
for autoanalyzers or
SMAs, analog/digital converters are provided.
Clinical instruments must be connected to the computer by cable
screw terminal.

(
1-1

to

a

INTRODUCTION_
1.2.2

The Console

The console contains switches through which information necessary to
the computer operation may be directly inserted to the programs. This
is a convenient manual method of updating and controlling the status
of the operations. A complete explanation of the console switches and
their use will be found in the CAPS-II USERS GUIDE.
However the
running of PDL does not require the uSe of these console switches.

1.3

THE DECWRITER

The DECwriter (LA36) with its printer and keyboard acts as the
computer typewriter. It prints both the input data typed by the USer
and the data output from the computer, at a rate of 30 charactets per
second.
The DECwriter keyboard resembles the keyboard of a typewriter, with
several additional keys that Serve specifically as communications
control keys. The carriage return key (whose use is indicated in this
manual by the notation 

I

(

"

3.2.2

DATE

Next, the system prints:
DATE:
The correct response is in the form dd-mmm-yy,
mmm=mon th, and yy=year. A typical response would be:

where

dd=day,

09-JUN-75
If the date is not typed in this format, the system prints BAD DATE,
and requests the user to try again~ After the correct response, the
system prints:
READY
which indicates that the system is successfully loaded.
PDL is now
awaiting a response in the form of a command, a program line, or a
'name.

(

3-3

PDL INITIALIZATION
NOTE
I f the

computer is turned off while
BASIC is oper

If the respOnse to the question is a number between
prints:

0-15

the

system

THIS IS AN ANALOG CHANNEL.
If the response is 16-31 the system prints:
THIS IS A DIGITAL CHANNEL.

((
3-4

PDL INITIALIZATION
NOTE

(

~hannels are either digital
or analog,
depending
upon
the instrument.
If
analog, they are assigned a
number
between
0-15.
Digital channels are
numbered 16 through 31.
The incorrect
assignment of a channel will result in
an error message.

The next question from the system asks which channel is connected to
the local operator console~ The answer to this is the number of the
physical channel on H322 distribution panel.
Whenever possible it
should be the same as the channel specified for the instrument.
r,

o

(



The system asks that the user check the connection of the H321 LOC
the H322 distribution panel. The message printed is:
CHECK THAT YOU ARE CONNECTED TO LOC DR-II
AND THAT YOU ARE USING TERMINALS

to

(EITHER 0,1, OR 2)

*- i

Next the computer asks for the type of instrument in use.
to this is one of the following:
AA

indicating Autoanalzer

/

SMA

indicating SMA 6/60 or 12/60

(

CS

indicating Coulter Counter Model S

bTHER

indicating instrument type is not one of
the above.

The

answer

I

The next question is:
HOW MANY. TESTS ARE MADE ON EACH SAMPLE.•
The appropriate response to this is the number of results per sample.
For example, on the ,SMA 6/60 there are six results per sample. On the
coulter model S, the proper response is 10. because the data is cycled
twice.
Then:
HOW MANY SAMPLES ARE PROCESSED PER HOUR.
If the user is running at 60 per. hour, the response would be 60.
If the instrument is a coulter the response is:
WHAT DELAY DO YOU WANT IN SECONDS EXPRESSED TO
0.01 SECOND.

THE

NEAREST

The delay specified should be between 40 and 120 miliseconds.We
recommend use of 100· miliseconds for the Coulter "S", so you would
type 0.10.

(

(
3-5

PDL INITIALIZATION
Next from the system:

(

HOW MANY WORDS DO YOU WANT FOR THIS INSTRUMENT'S BUFFER.

'(

(One word is required for each test result.) When running at 60 per
hour and an hour's worth of data must be stored prior to printing, the
response would be 60. Buffer space is allocated in l~WOId increments.
NOTE
When indicating buffer space it
ia
important to .'. allocate only that space
which is available.
To change this
parameter once established, see the PDL
Programmers Manual.

"

The system then informs the useI how many words of buffer space
left after each instrument's requirements have been allocated.

are

After this the system asks:

(

DO YOU HAVE ANOTHER INSTRUMENT.
If the response is YES, the procedure is repeated for the second
instrument.
This process continues for a.1,l the instruments in use.
Theresp6nse of NO causes an exit from this routine.
The computer at this time prints a summary (see example below)' of all
the parameters specified, and asks the user for verification by
printing:
CHECK THE ABOVE

SU~MARY.

'~'

IS IT OK?

The user response is:
Y or YES
N or NO
This is the last chance for corrections. Once Y .. is typed, all the
parameters become part of the .PDL .system in memory and a save file
containing these parameters is stored on the cassette on Unit O.

(~

Computer prints:
MOUNT CASSETTE FOR SAVE ON UNIT ZERO AND PRESS RETURN. KEY
Computer prints:
SYSTEM INITIALIZATION IS COMPLETE.
AN ASCII
PDLSAV.DAT HAS BEEN CREATED WHICH CONTAINS
SYSTEM PARAMETERS. ITS CONTENTS ARE:
A list of the contents is tben printed onto the DECwritet.

3-6

FILE NAMED
ALL OF YOUR

<,

PDL INITIALIZATION
NOTE

(

~hannels are either digital
or analog,
depending
upon
the instrument.
If
analog, they are assigned a
number
between
0-15.
Digital channels are
numbered 16 through 31.
The incorrect
assignment of a channel will result in
an error message.

The next question from the system asks which channel is connected to
the local operator console. The answer to this is the number of the
physical channel on H322 distribution panel.
Whenever possible it
should be the same as the channel specified for the instrument.

o



The system asks that the user check the connection of the H32l LOC
the H322 distribution panel. The message printed is:
CHECK THAT YOU ARE CONNECTED TO LOC DR-ll

to

(EITHER 0,1, OR 2)

AND THAT YOU ARE USING TERMINALS # - #
Next the computer asks for the type of instrument in use.
to this is one of the following:
AA

indicating Autoanalzer

SMA

indicating SMA 6/60 or 12/60

CS

indicating Coulter Counter Model S

OTHER

indicating . instrument type is not one of
the above.

The

answer

The next question is:
HOW MANY TESTS ARE MADE ON EACH SAMPLE.

(

The appropriate response to this is the number of results per sample.
For example, on the SMA 6/60 there are six results per sample. On the
coulter model S, the proper response is 10~ because the data is cycled
twice.
Then:
HOW MANY SAMPLES ARE PROCESSED PER HOUR.
If the user is running at 60 per. hour, the response would be 60.
If the instrument is a coulter the response is:
WHAT DELAY DO YOU WANT IN SECONDS EXPRESSED TO
0.01 SECOND.

THE

NEAREST

The delay specified should be between 40 and 120 miliseconds.
We
recommend use of 100 miliseconds for the Coulter "8", so you would
type 0.10.

3-5

PDL INITIALIZATION
Next from the system:
HOW MANY WORDS DO YOU WANT FOR THIS INSTRUMENT'S BUFFERt
(One word is required for each test result.) When running at 60 per
hour and an hour's worth of data must be stored prior to printing, the
response would be 60. Buffer space is allocated in l~word increments.
NOTE
When indicating buffer space it
is
important to allocate only that space
which is available.
To change this
parameter once established, see the PD'L
Programmers Manual.
The system then informs the USer how many words of buffer space
left after each instrument's requirements have been allocated.

are

After this the system asks:
DO YOU HAVE ANOTHER INSTRUMENT.
If the response is YES, the procedure is repeated for the second
instrument.
This process continues for all the instruments in use.
The response of NO causes an exit from this routine.
The computer at this time prints a summary (see example below) of all
the parameters specified, and asks the user .. for verification by
pr inting:
CHECK THE ABOVE SUMMARY.

IS IT OK?

The user response is:
Y or YES
N or NO
This is the last chance for corrections. OnceY is typed, all the
parameters b~come part of the PDL system in memory and a save file
containing these parameters is stored on the cassette on Unit O.
Computer prints:
MOUNT CASSETTE FOR SAVE ON UNIT ZERO AND PRESS RETURN KEY
Computer pr ints:
AN ASCII FILE- NAMED
SYSTEM INITIALIZATION IS COMPLETE.
PDLSAV.DAT HAS BEEN CREATED WHICH CONTAINS 'ALL OF YOUR
SYSTEM PARAMETERS. ITS CONTENTS ARE:
A list of the contents is then printed onto the DECwriter.

3-6

((
.'-..

-,

PDL INITIA.LIZATTON

(

The computer then prints:
STOP AT LINE 50
READY
NOTE

t·

>,

If initialization parameters. are to be
included on the PDL System cassette,
that cassette should be mounted on unit
o. This cassette will be used on a
daily basis.
It is advisable to copy this system onto another cassette to save
backup. The following is an example dialog of the Setup Routine:

FIRST TIME SYSTEM INITIALIZATION PROGRAM ..
PLEASE SPECIFY IN RESPONSE TO THE QUESTIONS TYPED
HERE THE CONFIGURATION OF YOUR SYSTEM.
YOU WILL HAVE TO KNOW THE PHYSICAL CHANNELS TO WHICH
YOUR INSTRUMENTS AND H321S ARE ATTACHEDr INSTRUMENT ~IMING,
THE NUMBER OF TESTS REPORTED ON A CHANNEL FOR ONE SAMPLE,
AND THE BUFFER SIZE FOR EACH CHANNEL.
.
ARE YOU READY (YES OR NO) 1> YES
PLEASE GIVE THE INFORMATION FOR INSTRUMENT NUMf.fER 1

(
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\

c·

TO WHICH PHYSICAL CHANNEL HAS THE INSTRUMENT BEEN
CONNECTErl? 0
THIS IS AN ANALOG SHANNEL
TO WHICH CHANNEL IS THE LOC CONNECTED? 0
CHECK THAT YOU ARE CONNECTED TO LOC DR...,11 " 0
AND THAT YOU ARE USING TERMINALS 0 - 2
WHAT INSTRUMENT ARE YOU .USING (AA,SMA,CS"OTHER)? SMA
HOW MANY TESTS ARE MADE ON EACH SAMPLE? 6
HOW MANY SAMPLES ARE PROCESSED PER HOUR? 60
HOW MANY WORDS DO YOU WANT FOR THIS INSTRUMENT'S BUFFER
(ONE WORD IS REQUIRErl FOR EACH TEST RESULD? 200
YOU HAVE USED

200 WORDS SO FAR.

DO YOU HAVE ANOTHER INSTRUMENT? Y
PLEASE GIVE THE INFORMATION FOR INSTRUMENT NUMBER 2
TO WHICH PHYSICAL) CHANNEL HAS THE INSTRUMEIitT BEEN
CONNECTED? 1
.
THIS IS AN ANALOG CHANNEL
TO WHI~H CHANNEL IS THE LOC CONNECTED? I
CHECK THAT YOU ARE CONNECTED TO LOC DR-ll :J 0
AND THAT YOU ARE USING TERMINALS 3 _. 5
WHAT INSTRUMENT ARE YOU USlNG (AA,SMA,CS"OTHER)? AA
HOW MANY TESTS ARE MADE ON EACH SAMPLE? 1
HOW MANY SAMPLES ARE PROCESSED PER HOUR? 60
How MANY WORDS DO YOU WANT FOR THIS INSTRUMENT'S BUFFER
(ONE WCJRD IS REQUIRED FOR EACH TEST RESUL n? 60·.
(

/

YOU HAVE USED

260 WORDS SO FAR.

\.

3-7 .

as

PDL INITIALIZATION

DO YOU HAVE ANOTHER INSTRUMENT? Y
PLEASE GIVE THE INFORMATION FOR INSTRUMENT NUMBER 3
TO WHICH PHYSICAL CHANNEL HAS THE INSTRUMENT BEEN
CONNECTED? 16
THIS IS A DIGITAL CHANNEL
TO WHICH CHANNEL IS THE LOC CONNECTED? 3
CHECK THAT YOU ARE CONNECTED TO LOC DR-11 • 0
AND THAT YOU ARE USING TERMINALS 9 - 11
WHAT INSTRUMENT ARE YOU USING (AA,SMA,CS,OTHER)? CS
HOW MANY TESTS ARE MADE ON EACH SAMPLE? 10
. WHAT DELAY DO YOU WANT IN SECONDS EXPRESSED TO THE NEAREST
0.01 SECOND? 0.10
HOW MANY WORDS DO YOU WANT FOR THIS INSTRUMENT'S BUFFER
(ONE WORD IS REQUIRED FOR EACH TEST RESULT)? 200
YOU HAVE USED

460 WORDS SO FAR.

DO YOU HAVE ANOTHER INSTRUMENT? Y
PLEASE GIVE THE INFORMATION FOR INSTRUMENT NUMBER 4
TO WHICH PHYSICAL CHANNEL HAS THE INSTRUMENT BEEN
CONNECTED? 2
THIS IS AN ANALOG CHANNEL
TO WHICH CHANNEL IS THE LOC CONNECTED? 2
CHECK THAT YOU ARE CONNECTED TO LOC DR-l1 :ft: 0
AND THAT YOU ARE. USING TERMINALS 6 - 8
WHAT INSTRUMENT ARE YOU USING (AA,SMA,CS,OTHER)? OTHER
GIVE INSTRUMENT TYPE.
O=SINGLE NUMBER, l=PEAK, 2=PLATEAU, 3=ON DEMAND? 3
GIVE THE DATA TYPE. O=ANALOG, l=BINARY, 2=BCD? 0
HOW MANY TESTS ARE MADE ON EACH SAMPLE? 1
WHAT DELAY DO YOU WANT IN SECONDS EXPRESSED TO THE NEAREST
0.01 SECOND? 0
HOW MANY WORDS DO YOU WANT FOR THIS INSTRUMENT'S BUFFER
(ONE WORD IS REQUIRED FOR EACH TEST RESULT)? 100
YOU HAVE USED

(
(

560 WORDS SO FAR.

DO YOU HAVE ANOTHER INSTRUMENT? N

(

INSTRUMENT NUMBER 1 :
IS ON CHANNEL 0 WITH LOC i 0
INSTRUMENT TYPE IS 2 , DATA TYPE IS 0
THERE ARE 6 TESTS PER SAMPLE AT A RATE OF 10 SECONDS PER TEST.
BUFFER WORDS ALLOCATED= 200
INSTRUMENT NUMBER 2 :
IS ON CHANNEL 1 WITH LOC • 1
INSTRUMENT TYPE IS 1 , DATA TYPE IS 0
NOTE: NUMBER OF TESTS IN SAVE FILE IS 2
THERE ARE 1 TESTS PER SAMPLE AT A RATE OF 60 SECONDS PER TEST.
BUFFER WORDS ALLOCATED= 60
INSTRUMENT NUMBER 3 :
IS ON CHANNEL 16 WITH LOC i 3
INSTRUMENT TYPE IS 0 , DATA TYPE IS 2

3-8

(/
\.

PDL INITIALIZATION

{
(

THERE ARE 10 TESTS PER SAMPLE WITH A DELAY OF .1 SECONDS PER TEST.
BUFFER WORDS ALLOCATED~ 200
INSTRUMENT NUMBER 4 :
IS ON CHANNEL 2 WITH LOC t 2
INSTRUMENT TYPE IS 3 , DATA TYPE IS 0
THERE ARE 1 TESTS PER SAMPLE.
BUFFER WORDS ALLOCATED= 100
CHECK THE ABOVE SUMMAR~.
IS IT ALL RIGHT? Y

(

(

c

3-9

(,'"

CHAPTER 4
USING PDL

-.

Once the installation and initialization of the system are completed,
the system may be run on a daily basis. Each daily procedure requires
the same fixed dialogue.
NOTE
Use the cassette that contains
system and the save files.

the

PDL

To 10adPDL, and the configuration save files, and also to
system, follow the instructions below.

o.

1.

Place PDL system cassette on unit
contain the initialization file.

,This

2.

Hold down the LOCK/UNLOCK switch in the unlock
press the switch marked 1.

start

cassette

the

should

position

and

The tape begins to move ,and copies PDL into memory. When it
completes this ,task, the computer responds wi th the system
identification and version number:
BASIC/CAPS VOl
The computer then prints:

C•·
"

OPT FNS
To which the user replies with a carriage return, unless
other options are to be specified.
Refer to optional
functions in the CAPS/BASIC Users Guide.


This indicates that the terminal is running at 300 baud
1.3.1).

(see

Section

.-

The computer's next request is:
DATE:
The reply is as before,dd-mmm-yy, where dd=the day, mmm=the month and
yy=the year, Example:
l2,...OCT-75
The system is now successfully loaded.

It prints:

READY
The user now types:
PDL 
This response loads the PDL system save file
(the
instrument
parameters), turils on all applicable LOC box lights, and initializes
all instrument channels for the daily run. The comput.er is ready to
accept data from the user's analyzer •. A flashing light oil a local
console box indicates that the associated channel is ready to·· receive
information.
It is good practice to remove thePDL save cassette so
that it cannot be written on.
NOTE
If t.he instrument in use is a peak or
plateau devic~(i~e.~ an autoanaly~er or
an SMA), the recorder must be adj usted .
to
zero
baseline after appropriate
warmup-and calibration procedures.
It
is important that all baselines are at
zero· before the start button on LOC is
pressed.
When the start button is pressed, data acquisition begins at the first
.significant pen rise. The data is transferred to a temporary storage
area. When the buffer area becomes 75% full, the middle light on the
local operator IS· console- (H321) begins to flash. Until the light
starts flashing the user can:
1.

Do calculation in the immediate mode.

4-2

(

USING PDL
2.

Develop new programs in BASIC.

3.

Execute previously written programs.

A previously written user program (a report generator) may be used to
take stored data and write it out in the form of a report. This may
be done at any time and is at the user's discretion.
However, when
the buffer becomes 75% full the middle warning light on the Local
Operator's Console begins to flash.
It is time to empty the buffer.
Failure to do this at this time results in a buffer overflow. A
buffer overflow caus~s the middle light to become steady.
At this
time no further data will be moved into the buffer. Time elapses
between the beginning of the flashing (warning) light and the buffer
overflow and is approximately a quarter of the time required to fill
up the buffer. .Regular use of the Report Generation program prevents
buffer overflow.
.

c

NOTE
If buffer overflow has occurred, it is
necessary to stop the instrument, run
the report generator program and restart
the instruments at baseline.
The procedure to run report generator program or any other previously
written BASIC program is as follows: when the terminal is sitting·
idle and has typed READY, place the cassette containing the desired
program on unit 1.

(
(

Type the RUN command followed by the name of the program which will
report patient data.
Example:
for a program namedRGEN, type the
following:
RUNl:RGEN(CR)
The information in the buffer
(i.e., patient data) will then be
printed on the console terminal. When this has been completed the
terminal responds with READY and another program can be run.
.

(.

NOTES
1.

If the results
produced
during
instrument checkout or calibration
are not to be stored in memory, they
should be perfomed prior to pressing
the start button. Caution: be sure
the instrument is back to baseline
before starting acquisition.

2,

During the
time
that
PDL
is
acquiring
data
from the user's
instruments, the computer c.an be
used for calculating, for quality
control, or to run any other program
wr itten in BASIC.

(
4-3

CHAPTER 5
PDL ERROR MESSAGES

(

An error message is produced whenever PDL encounters a condition which
conflicts with the program's normal functional procedure. The purpose
of an error message is to advise the programmer of a problem and
suggest suitable corrective action.
Under such circumstances, the
execution of the erroneous command or statement is either terminated"
or suspended, depending on the severity of the error. The appropriate
error message is then printed on the console terminal.
Errors fall into two categories:
Fatal errors
Nonfatal errors

(

(

A fatal error cancels all work in progress. The corresponding fatal
error message is printed and PDL then returns to the ready state,
awaiting further instructions. Although a fatal error does not stop
data acquisition it does cause loss of data. Therefore, after the
error has been corrected, the program must be restarted from the
beginning.
"A nonfatal error has less drastic results.
An error message is
printed out while the particular statement or command, which caused
the fault, is merely suspended pending corrective action by the
programmer.
Data is retained during this procedure, PDL continues
with the program as if it had not been interrupted.
Error messages appear" in one of two formats:

(

Format one:

?xxx

(Immediate Mode)

where xxx consists of an abbreviation (for example,
open) denoting the error condition.
Format two:

?FNO:

file

not

message at line nnnn

where nnnn is the line number of the statement causing the error.
The following error conditions apply specifically to PDL.
Any error
condition not found in this section may be considered to be a
BASIC-CAPS-II error condition.
A list of BASIC CAPS-II error conditions, together with
corresponding remedial actions, is contained in Appendix B.
PDL ERROR CONDITIONS:

5-1

their

PDL ERROR MESSAGES
FATAL ERRORS
Message
RSC

Explanation
Reinitialization Size Change.
Tried to
change
channel
buffer
area
after
specified
by
initialization. The channel buffer size can be
changed only by means of the initialization program
(SETUP) •
Remedy
Create new
save
file
by
rerunning
system~
initialization. program or use the original buffer
specified.

NMB

No More Buffer. Insufficierit butfer.
channel combined.

space for all

Remedy
Re-allocate less buffer space per channel.
DTS

Dimension Too Small.
Data or flag array
was
dimensioned with an array to small to hold data~
Remedy
Change dimension statement in BASIC program.

TMD

Too Much
(CKBF).

Data.

More

data

than' specified

with

Remedy
Reinitialiie, or change the argument in CKBF.
CHN

'CHaNnel specifications error. Wrong caNnel or no
caNnel specfied with ROBS t eKBS, BFST, CLBS" STAT,
HLTC,· STRC, LOC.
Remedy

(

Correct the channel or reinitialize.
TIM

TIMing error.

Clock routine is overworked.

Remedy
Remove instrument that has excessively high data
rate, and refer the problem to a programmer for
program an~lysis and correction.
CTO

Clock Table Overflow.
delays requested.

5-2

Too

many

instruments

with

PDL ERROR MESSAGES
Remedy
Remove a delay instrument, and refer the problem to
a programmer for program analysis and correction.
NON-FATAL ERRORS
NDC-#

Interface not connected to computer.
Remedy
One of the interfaces required for operation of this
channel
(AR-ll,
DR-II,
etc.)
is missing or
inoperative.
Fix or insert proper interface.

REINITON CHN#

This channel has been initialized previously.
Remedy

(

warning only.
INSTRUMENT ERRORS

(
(

REMEDY

Flashing light
on H321 LOC
out of Sync.

Buffer overflow.
Too much data acquired
for specified channel buffer.

Re-evaluate buffer
space allocated

Observe error
by noting
erroneous results from instrument.

Instrument and computer
out of sync.

Restart instrument.

INSTRUMENT READING ERROR
SMA 0-7

(
AA

0-7

REMEDY

Noise level. The number
(which will be between
o and 7) shows the deviation
from the means of the
SMA. 1 Deviation = 1.6%

Re-evaluate

Noise level. Indicates
the level of peak and
the number representing
Peak are out of Sync.

Re-evalute.

See PDL Programming manual for instrument errors.

/
(

5-3

CHAPTER 6
BASIC LANGUAGE INTRODUCTION

(

'-,

BASIC is a conversational programming language.
It is one of the
easiest computer languages to learn.
The English-like statements
found in BASIC, together with the familiar mathematical notations,
make BASIC a direct yet simple language that allows intricate problems
to be expressed and performed with ease and efficiency.
BASIC CAPS is an individually tailored BASIC language used in a
cassette-based operating system. BASIC CAPS has been chosen for use
witb PDL because of its simplicity and because the data file structure
helps
in
the
quick understanding, development, and versatile
utilization of PDL.

6.1

(
(

BASIC CAPABILITI~S

BASIC has the capability of operating in either the programmed mode or
the immediate mode. BASIC is in the programmed mode when a computer
program is actually being manipulated within the computer, and the
core memory is being used for storage of data. When the computer is
used as a desk calculator, BASIC is in immediate mode.
In the immediate mode, temporary data such as calcula.tions are handled
quickly. Such data is erased by subsequent calculations.

(

BASIC consists of statements, commands, and functions, each of which
is designed to make BASIC an effective computer tool. A number at the
beginning of a BASIC statement is the criterion by which ,BASIC
determines the mode treatment of that particular statement. The
presence of such a number indicates the programmed mode. The absence
of such a number dictates immediate mode. Thus, the computer easily
distinguishes between the two modes. If a line is preceded by a line
number, the line is stored internally but not executed. If no line
number precedes the statement, the line is executed immediately.
Examples:

10 PRINT "TEST PERIOD IN HOURS"
PRINT "TEST PERIOD IN HOURS"

(programmed mode)

(immediate mode)

The above two statements are shown as representative examples of the
two individual modes.
These modes are not interchangeable within a
given program or calculation.

(

6-1

BASIC LANGUAGE INTRODUCTION
The first statement is treated internally as an integral part of a
given "program.
The second statement is treated as a transitional
statement and is executed immediately. The only Way to save immediate
data is to have the results written onto either a cassette or a
printer.

6.2

(,'(' "',

IMMEDIATE MODE

The immediate mode feature greatly enhances the user's ability to
obtain quick results to immediate problems, while avoiding the time
and nec$ssity for writing a program.
This feature is especially
useful for debugging purposes and is of particular interest where
simple or infrequent calculations are to be performed •.
Example:

immediate calculation of the CREATININE CLEARANCE TEST.
PRINT

The calbu1ated res~l ts of this statement are' wr i tten onto the
immediately. The calculation itself is not retained.

6.3

(

100*1000/(1.1*1440)
printer,'

PROGRAMMED MODE

The number placed at the beginning of each statement in the programmed
mode is an ideal identifier for each statement within a program. The
statement number may be as long as five digits.
All statements are
executed in their numerical sequence regardless, of the orde,r in which
they were originally typed. To allow easy, insertion of additional
statements at a later time, statement numbering should be written in
increments of 10.
'

.

'

Example:

10
20
30

«
~,

statement one
statement two
statement three
etc •••

(
6.3.1

Statements

Each statement (with or without a number) begins with a directive.
This is an English word that specifies the type of operation to be
performed by the part of the statement which follows.
One such
directive is PRINT.
Example:

Immediate mode statement
PRINT

"CREATININE CLEARANCE CALCULATION"

The results on the specified terminal would be:
CREATININE CLEARANCE CALCULATION

6-2

BASIC LANGUAGE INTRODUCTION
BASIC statements are usually written as I-line statements. This is a
recommended procedure for ease of reading, program maintenance, and
d2bugging. When space is limited or when the incremental nature of a
program does not permit additional numeric insertions, multistatement
lines may be used. A multistatement line consists of two or more
statements written on the same line. Each statement is preceded by a
backslash and in the case of programmed mode, all are referenced
collectively by the number placed at the beginning of the line.
Example:

I11ultistatement line programmed mode
20 PRINT X=II\LET X=IO\PRINT X,Y Z

Example:

statement line statement Immediate mode
LET A=7\PRINT A

The immediate results on the specified terminal ~ould be:

(

7

NOTE
Fora list of BASIC statements,
commands and functions refer to
Appendix A of this manual.

6.4

MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS

BASIC performs all the standard mathematical operations:
addition
sUQtraction
multiplication
division
exponentiaion

(

A+B
A-B
A*B
A/B
A~B

BASIC also performs relational operations, evaluates expressions,
processes character strings, and uses variables. All these features
are explained in the following paragraphs.

6.4.1

Relational Operation

Relational operations are alphabetic expressions used to compare
arithmetic values. The usual relational operations are as follows:
equals
less than
.greater than
not equal

6.4.2

A=B
A(B
A)B
A<>B

Evaluation of Expressions

(

(
6-3

BASIC LANGUAGE INTRODUCTION
An expression is a group of numbers, variables, or functions that are
separated by arithmetic or relational operators. Such expressions may
be used individually or in combination.
Example:

(
(

A7*(B+2-1)
6.4.3

Character Strings

A character string is a sequence of characters treated as a single
unit.
A string may consist of letters, numbers, special characters,
or any combination thereo£.
A character string may be
Example:

the

program's

message

to

the

operator.

-,

PRINT "CREATININE CLEARANCE TEST"
All characters between the quotes are considered part of the character
string.

(

A character string enclosed in quotes is known as a string constant.
Example:
"NAME"
A string constant maY'also be used to
variable.

(). 4.4

assign

a

value

to

a

string

Variable

A variable is defined as a single alphabetic character or an
alphabetic character followed by a single numeric character. An
example of an alphanumeric variable is the algebraic symbol A2.
A
variable is used as the name of the storage location for data. This··
allows the user to store, update, and retrieve· data by using the
location name (variable).
Values are usually assigned to variables by indicating the value in
"LET" statement.
Example:
LET X=l.
PRINT
1

Here the value I is

~ssigned

to X and the value is printed.

Variables may be:
singular
subscripted
string variable

A2
A2(2)
A$

A singular variable has the following formats:

6-4

.a

(~

BASIC LANGUAGE INTRODUCTION

(

Example
single character
single character plus
single digit

A or T
B3

It is called a singular variable because it has Ohly. one value
assigned to it at a time. If a new value is assigned to a variable it
replacs the old value.
Unacceptable formats are:
Example
numbers
number plus' letter
two letters

I or 22

2C
RS

Subscripted variables have the following format:
(

Example
Single letter followed
by a number·or
numbers in parenthes&s.

Z(3)

The number in parentheses indicates the element w~thin the
variable group that is being referenced. The above' example
shows that the third element of group 2 is being referepced.
The statement LET Z(3)=5 assigns the value 5 to the example·
above.
A list can be considered a matrix of one di~ension:
and 2-dimensional matrices
(i.e.,
doubly
subscripted
variables)
are often used with data having two parameters.
Example: T(2,5) which references the element of matrix T
that is in row 5, column 2.
String variables a\low the setting up of a group of characters as a
unit Le., a si~~le variable. A string cah be composed of letters,
numbers, spaces, or combinations of any of the~e. Refer to the BASIC
Language Reference Manual.

(.

The following demonstration program introduces the us~r to BASIC.
of the uses of a string variable is to store, compare text.
statement A$=B$ implies that the text strings A$ and B$
alphabetically identical.

One
The
are

EXAMPLE PROGRAM
This program performs the calculation of. Creatinine Clearance.
Each
statement performs the action described to the rig~t of the statement.
For example, the first statement, PRINT "CREATININE CLEARANCE TEST",
directs the computer to print on the term in tal .themessage between the
quotes.

(

(

BASIC LANGUAGE INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT

ACTION OF STATEMENT

10 PRINT "CREATINE CLEARANCE TEST"
print~ on the terminal
.
20 PRINT "TYPE VOLUME OF URINE COLLECTED IN ML";
30 INPUT V
Accepts ur ine vol ume
typed on terminal and
40 PRINT "TEST PERIOD IN HOURS";
Gives V the value
50 PRINT T
60 LET T=T*60
Assigns th~value t*60
to the variable t
70 PRINT "URINE CREATININE CONCENTRATION";
.80 INPUT U
90 PRINT "SERUM CREATININE CONCENTRATION"';
110 INPUT P
120 PRINT "DO YOU WISH BODY AREA CORRECTION";
130 INPUT Y$
. 140 LET A=l 73
150 IF Y$="Y" THEN 160 iF Y$<>"YES" THEN 190
Check answer and direct
program cont.rol to line
160 PRINT "BODY AREA IN SQUARE METERS";
indicated after THEN
170 INPUT A
180 IF A=O THEN 120
190 PRINT "ML OF PLASMA CLEARED PER MINUTE =";
200 PRINT Q*V\(P*T)*(l 73/A)
Per forms the
calculation
210 PRINT "ANOTHER CALCULATION";
220 INPUT Y$
230 IF Y$="Y" THEN 20
240 STOP
Terminates the program
en the I?rogram is runnin9, the following dialog willbe printed on
the term~nal. The underl~ned sections are the operator's response to
the program request for input.

Wh.

RUN
CCTC

BASIC VOl-OS

CREATININE CLEARANCE TEST
TYPE VOLUME OF URINE COLLECTED IN ML?1000
TEST PERIOD IN HOURS?24
URINE CREATININE CONCENTRATION?100
SERUM CREATININE CONCENTRATION?lOO
DO YOU WISH BODY AREA CORRECTION?N
ML OF PLASMA CLEARED PER MINUTE

(

= 69.4444

ANOTHER CALCULATION?N
STOP AT LINE 250
READY

((
6-6

BASIC LANGUAGE INTRODUCTION
NOTE

(

All numbers within BASIC are considered
to be decimal numbers. I f the decimal
point is not shown, it is assumed to
·follow the last digit.

(
(

/

(

\;'

.

6-7

CHAPTER 7
REPORT

GENER~TORS

. '

.

This chapter presents examples of report generation programs, explains
how these programs interact with the POL system, provides an overview
of the associated subroutines, and gives directions for incorporating
report generation into the system.
.

(

Chapters 3 and 5 discussed initialization (SETUP)' and the operation of
POL on a daily basis. It has been stated that POL takes data from the
laboratory instruments and stores it temporarily in specific core
areas (i.e., buffers}. The user needs to access this data to print a
report on the terminal. This is achieved by a BASIC program' called
the
REPORT GENERATOR.
The REPORT GE~ERATOR locates the data,
associates it with a specific laboratory instrument, formats the
results, scales. the clinical units, and then prints the data on a
OECwriter or sends it.to another computer.
.
Report generation programs are user written. To simplify the writing
procedure, a set of subroutines has been provided. These subroutines
perform such functions as reading the data from temporary locations,
initializing channels, and performing the various housekeeping and
checking tasks.
These subroutines are described
in
the
POL
Programming
Manual
under .BASIC subroutines.
A sample program
containing the subroutines is written in Section 7.2 as an example to
provide the user with a general understanding of the relationship
between a program and its subroutines and also to .. show thei~" normal
functions.
A program is merely a list of instructions that direct the computer to
perform a job. The program performs this job in much the same manner
as Laboratory personnel perform their jobs.
In
other
words,
laboratory personnel must go through a set procedure to achieve a
given goal. If the procedure is altered, the results are different.
Similarly, the instructions within a program are perf6rmed in sequence
to achieve the desired result. Changes to the program instruction
will alter the sequence and results of that program.
Just as laboratory personnel find it necessary to break their jobs
into individual tasks (i.e~,test on patients, samp'les,preparationof
reagents, reporting of results, etc.) the program has its job broken
into smaller tasks called subroutines. A subroutine defines a small
number of instructions which have been selected and placed together to
be used for a specific task within the programs. A subroutine may be
an integral part of the program or it may be stored elsewhere in
memory, awaiting a call from the main progr.am. Whichever the case,
all sections of a program (whether they are used or not) are organized
so that when required, they will do their part in producing the
desired results.

(

7-1

REPORT GENERATORS
7.1

SUBROUTINES USED

The subroutines used in the ~xample program are discussed briefly
below. More information on these subroutines will be found in the PDL
Programming Manual under BASIC SUBROUTINES.

7.1.1

(
(

INTL Subroutine

The first subroutine discussed is INTL. The Programmable Data Logger
assigns a 20-word initialization file that describes each channel
(instrument)
that is moni tored.
(See Section 4.1 of the
. PDL
Programmers Manual for complete description.)
The portion of this
initialization file that is specified by th~ user contains seven
items.
Each item is referenced by a capital letter. The seven items
are:
CAPITAL
C

L

I

DESCRIPTION LETTER

ITEM
CHANNEL NUMBER
Channel Number must be a number
between 0-31. Analog Channels
such as M'S and SMA's must be
a number between 0-15. Digital
channels such as the Coulter
Model S, must be a number between
16-31. This allows the computer
to know what type of instrument
it is looking at. The channel
number is never changed. Th~ descriptive file might be"moved to
another channel, but the channel
numbers are constant.
LOC Number. This is
number which designates where
the LOC is physically
connected. The number must
be between 0-15.

This designation tells
the. computer which
instrument to reference
by its physical channel'
number. The computer
associates each
instrument with a
physical channel number.
By physical we mean
where on the computer
the cable is connected •

A number is associated
with the local operator's
console attached to your
instrument. I t is
generally thought best to
LOC
number
make
and
channel number the same
i f possible.

~ •..

(

This designation tells
the computer. the type
of instrument and
the particular program
to use to analyze the
data. Apeak instrument
would be an AA, a plateau
instrument would be an
SMA,
single number
a
would be a Coulter, on
deIlland could be any type
instrument. The data is
when
the
read
user
presses the start button
on the.. LOC box.

Instrument type
Numbers are 0-3
0 = single number
1 = peak instrument
2 = plateau instrument
3 = on demand

/

\'C
7-2

REPORT GENERATORS
D

Data Type
o Analog
2 BCD

Data type tells the computer the format in
which the result is being
presented
and
the
appropriate
action
to
take. All AA's and SMA's
are
analog •
,Coulter
Model S is BCD.

N

Number of Data in each
sample

This ,tells the computer
how many results are to
be taken on a "sample.
Baseline results on the
SMAs are not stored so
that the number of data
is equal to the number of
tests per sample, i.e.,
an SMA 6/60 would have 6
data results per sample.
The one exception is on
the 12/60.
It has 13
data points to optimize
timing. An autoanalyzer
has two because both the
peak and the valley are
read
so ,that' baseline
corrections can be made,
i f desired. The Coul ter
has 10 data per sample.
The data is' cycled twice
but printed only once.

T

Time per test

(

(
(

This
item
tells
the
computer the time between
tests
on
peaks
or
'plateaus,
,etc.
in
intervals of 0.01 sec,
for example, SMA 6/60 has
6 tests per sample which
is 1 test every 10 sec,
or I test every
1000
intervals of .01 sec. To
calculate this
easily ,
multiply
the time per
test (not per sample) by
100.

(

Note:
For ' instrument
type
12/60
T = 462
intervals.
Descriptive items (arguments) allow communication with subroutines.
Some of the arguments hold information used by the subroutine such as
instiument and temporary location of data or they can contain
information returned from the subroutine.

7.1.2

RDBF Subroutine

In RDBF (read buffer) we

have

five

(

(
7-3

descriptive

arguments

'(items).

REPORT GENERATORS
They are:
C

Channel number

S

Sample or Cup number

A

Data Buffer area. If there is more than one result per
sample, then it must be in the form of a dimensioned array.
See BASIC-II Language Reference manual.
(DEC-II -LIBBA-A-D),
Section 2.4.

F

Storage area for flag information. This data storage should
also be an array if more than one result is anticipated. A
flag is a means of displaying error condition information.
For a more complete description of flags,
refer to PDL
Programmers Manual.

N

Optional

argument~

Refer to the PDL Programmers Manual.

Example:

(

C

RDBF (0, S, A, F)

\

This statement tells the program to read the buffer associated with
channel 0 and put sample
(cup)
number in location S and data in
location A,and error condition
(flag)
information in location F,
This information can then be printed by means of a BASIC PRINT
command.
Example:
If S is a single value, the command to print out would be:
PRINT S.
This prints the sequential sample number. To equate cup
number with sequential sample number, subtract the number of first cup
and add result to S in a BASIC program.
Example:
If you begin at cup 100, subtract
variable S. S then represents 100.

7.1.3

I

and

add

99

to

status)

has

the

descriptive

c
(

the

BFST Subroutine

The subroutine
arguments:

called

BFST

(buffer

C Channel number
X number of unused storage words in the buffer for channel C.
The purpose of using this subroutine is to return to the user the
number of unused buffer words. Optional arguments can be used with
this subroutine, refer to the PDL Programmers Manual for description.
Example:
eFST (0, X) PRINT "X

="~X.

This example will print the number of unused words on
value of X.
X
X
X

>

0 means not ready
1 means ready
0 Data partially removed

7-4

chann~l

0 as the

(

REPORT GENERATORS

(

7.1.4

STAT is a subroutine that allows the user to access a buffer area for
the data (result) associated with a sample (cup) number. This allows
the user the availabil i ty of pr inting ou.t STAT results I
without
waiting for all the results to print. Like the RDBF subroutine, STAT
has several arguments, except the user must input the sample number
instead of receiving one.
C
S
A
F
N

i-;

7.2

c

STAT Subroutine

Channel number
Sample number
Data Buffer Area
Flag storage location
Optional, refer to the PDL Programmers Manual

SAMPLE PROGRAM

The previously described subroutines and others are used in report
generation programs to aid the user in accessing the data that is
being collected by PDL. The following short program uses some of the
subroutines mentioned and explains their use.
It is assumed that
SETUP was used for channel descriptions, therefore the INTL subroutine
is not used. The program will generate a report based on data from an
SMA 6/60.
First, assume that the appropriate channel (call it 0)
has
been set up and PDL has been called so that.the computer is ready to
collect data trom the instrument. A RDBF call must be used to bring
the data to BASIC so that the routine can be as follows (review the
REM, DIM, IF, FOR, NEXT, GOTO, and PRINT statements in the BASIC-II
Language Ref~rence ma~ual):

10
20
30
40
50

60
16
80

90
100
110

(

REM SMA 6/60 PROGRAM
DIM A(S)
RDBF (0, S, A)
IF A(O) = -1 GOTO 30
PRINT "SMA 6/60 S=";S
FOR·I = 0 TO S
PRINT A{I);
NEXT I
PRINT
GOTO 30
END

The first statement, 10, is a REMark statement and is not printed when
the program is run.
It is included to remind the programmer why the
program or part of the program was written.
In this case, it serves
to remind the programmer that this is an SMA 6/60 report generation.
The second statement, 20, allocates room for six values to be stored
in an array called A.
The first of these values is referenced by
A(O}, the second by A(l), etc.
The third statement is a call to the PDL subroutine RDBF to get the
results obtained for a given sample from the data buffer area. The
variable S contains (is set equal to) the current sequential sample
number while the array, A, holds the six results for channel O. Line
40 is an IF statement which returns to line 30 if A(O) is equal to -1.
This condition will be true whenever a full sample is not ready in the
data buffer area. Therefore, lines 30 and 40 wait for a full sample
to be processed. Line 50 simply prints a header with the sequential
sample number. The output might look like the:

(

7-5

REPORT GENERATORS
SMA 6/60 S=5

(S

=

5 is the sample number)

Lines 60 through 80 are a FOR loop.
line statement:
70 PRINT A(O);

A(l);

Their effebt is the same as the 1

A(2);

A(3);

A(4);

(-

A(5};

Line 90 forces a new line to be printed. Line 100 returns to waiting
for another sample. This program lacks several obvious and important
features.
It does not provide any way to exit, so it just keeps
running forever.
There are no headings for the data and the va,.lues
printed are not in usual. laboratory units.
Take the last problem first. The actual computer viewpoint number~
corresponding to the laboratory viewpoint results must be known in
order to convert the first to the second.
Normally a simple multiplication by a number known as scale factor for
each test in a sample must be determined.' A routine listed in the PDL
Programmers Manual will do the calculation of the scale factors
automatically.
All that is needed in the example program is to read
these numbers and use them.
The following program reflects these
changes
(review the INPUT and LET statements the BASIC-II Language
Reference manual):
.
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140

(

REM SMA 6/60 PROGRAM
DIM A(5), 0(5)
FOR I = 0 TO 5
INPUT 0 (I)

NEXT I
RDBF (0, 5, A)
IF A(O) = ~l GOTO 60
PRINT "SMA 6/60 S=";S
FOR 1= 0 TO 5
.
PRINT A(l) * Q11);
NEXT t
PRINT
GOTO 60
END

·Note that an additional item in the dimension list has been added for
the scale factors and th*tthe INPUT statement (in a FOR loop) is used
to read these facto·rs as they are typed. The only other change is the
use of these scale factors 6n line 100 to do t6e conversion. .
Next, the program must be altered so -that it is possible to stop it
without losing data and then to start it up again. A special POL
subroutine;CNDX, is needed for this step. CNDX(X) will return with
X=l if a CTRL/V (hold CTRL key down while typing V) has been typed ou.t
since the last call to CNDX.- It will return x=o otherwise. Since it
is a good idea to test for this feature continuously, not just· ~hena
sample has been pr inted,- the following program provides this call
while waitinSl .for a new sample to be complete.
(Review the STOP
statement in the BASIC-II Language Reference manual):
10
20
30
40
50
60

REM SMA 6/60 PROGRAM
DIMA(5),0(S)
PRINT "TYPE-THE SIX SCALE FACTORS"
FOR I = 0 TO 5
INPUT O{I)
NEXT I

7-6

-,'

REPORT GENERATORS

(

70
80
90
100
110
120
130

140
150
160

RDBF (0, S, A)\IF A(O) = -1 GOTO 130
PRINT "SMA 6/60 S=";S
FOR I = 0 TO 5
PRINT A(l) *Q(I);
NEXT I
. PRINT
CNDX (X)\ IF X = 0 GOTO 70
PRINT "EXIT TAKEN"
STOP
END

Since the appearance of a question mark on the terminal with no
explanation can be disconcerting, a message to the user has been
added. Also, where logical groupings make the combination clear,
multistatement lines have been added at lines 70 and 130.
The backslash (\) separates the statements.
Note that waiting now
consists of cycling between lines 70 and 130. The message, EXIT
TAKEN, will· appear if a CTRL/V is typed followed by the BASIC
messages:
STOP AT LINE 150
READY
We have included the following sample report generator programs, Auto
Analyzer Report Generator, Coulter Report Generator, SMA Report
Generator. For an example of a program that combines all three, see
the PDL Programmers Manual.

(
(

10 PF'-l Sr~,p[JF COUI,TF.P COliNTER ;;E'PORT G~NF:RII.TOf<
20 PR INT '·COULTF.P PEPORT GFNEP IITOP"\PP I NT\PRINT
30 DIM A(9) ,F(9) ,HS(9) ,US(.9) .~(9)
40 PRTNT "Til WHICH CHIINNFl IS THF cnllLTFR IITTACHFfl";\TNPUT C
50

C=TNr(Cl\TS="TIT"&~TRS(C)\IF

C>15 GOTO 70

60 PRINT "NflT A f,FGAT. CHANNEL, FOP DIGITAL PJPIJT"\GOTO 40

(

70 CALL "RFST"(C,X,S,N,T,Z)
80 PPINT "CHANNF.L";C:"TNTTIALI7FO FOP":N:"DATII. PEP SA~PT.F"
90 PRINT "WTTH":Z:"I.-IORO fHJFF'EP. "rX:"WOPDS LEFT."
100 PRINT "RI-'FfER I.-IH,L F'It,L AFTFP":INTeX/N) :"MOPE SAMPJ,ES"
110 PRINT "CHt:1RF:N·T SAr·1PLE NIJ~RFP IS":S
120 HS = ""\fS=""

130 FOR 1=0 TO N-2
tAO HS=HS&" >.###~ "\FI=FS&"

"

150 NEXT I
160 II$=HS

170 PRINT "IS FORMATTI~G INORMnTION ON CASSETTE":
180 I~PUT YS\TF ¥5='¥' GOTO 190\IF YS<>'YFS' GOTO 290

lQO OPEN 1'$ FOR TNPIIT
?on FOR 1=0 TO N-?
710

~S

FTl.E~

Itl

PJPUT 1I1:HS(Il,t1s(J),S(l)

220 NF:XT T

I

!.

;no

CLOSE

240
250
7.60
270
280
290

AS= ....

/I 1

FOR T=O TO N-2
GnSHR loon
NEXT r
Gorn 6F.O
PPINT\PPINT "GIVE HFADINGS FOP EACH TF.ST TN ORDER"
300 PRINT "MAXIMUM OF 6 CHARACTFRS EACH"
310 FOP 1=0 Tn N-2
320 PRINT T+l:":";\INPPT HS(I)

7-7

REPORT GENERATORS
330
340
350
360
370
3AO
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
630
640
650
660
670
68'0

NEXT I
PRINT "GIVE THE UNITS FOR FJCH TEST IN ORDER"
FOR 1=0 TO N-2
PRINT I+l:":":\INPUT U$(I)
NEXT I
PRTNT "GIVE THE NUMBER OF DIGITS AFTER THE DECIMAL"
PRINT "POTNT(0-3) FOP EACH TEST IN ORDER."
PRINT "I.E., 3.45 WOULD BE 2, 123 WOULD AF 0"
AS:::""
FOR 1=0 TO N-2
PRINT I+l:":"f\INPUT SCTl
SCI}=JNT(SCI»
GOSUR 1000
S([1=10--5(T)
NEXT I
PRINT "DO YOU WANT THESF: F.IICTORS SAVED ON C.IISSETTF"~\INPtlT YS
IF YS='Y' GOTO 500\11" YS<>'YES' GnTO 660
OPEN TS FOR OUTPUT AS FILE '1
FOR 1=0 TO N-2
PRI~T

~1:HS(I)

PRINT ~l:US(I)
PRINT #1:S(I)
NEXT I
CI,nSE 111
CALL flpnSF"(C,S,A.F)\JF .11(0)<0 THFN 660
PRINT !JSING HS,HS(0),HS(I),HS(2),HS(3),HS(4),~${5)~HS(6),H$(7),H$(B)
PRINT t1SING US,IJSCO) ,USC 1) .lJS(2) ,tlS(3) ,US(4) ,US(5) ,lJS(f;),lJS(7) ,IIS(8)
~90 FOR 1=0 TO N-2
.
.
700 ACI)=A(J)*S(I)
710 NEXT J
7,,)0 PRINT USTNG FS,F(1),F(2),F(3),F(4).F'(S),F(6).,F(7),f'(8)
':U \}- .PR 1 MT - \I f· I'~(;" S i A{1 } ; 11 ( '2) • A. {3 ) , 1>. ( 4- ), t, t5o) , 1:1 ttl ~ ; ~ t1 ) • 1:1 t 8 )
740 PRINT
T50 CAI,L "CNnX"(X)\TF X=O GO TO 660
760 PRINT "RFOllESTED HAI.T"
770 STOP
.. aoo AS=AS&" -"&5EGS("I/U.IIU",S(J)+1,S(J)+4)&" "
1010 RETURN
9999 END
10 RE~ SIMPLE AUTnANALYZFP PEPORT GENERATOR
20 PRIfIlT "AU'WANAI,YZrp REPORT GFNERATnp"\PRINT\PRINT
30 DIM S(20),F(2),st(20)
·40. PH HIT "TO WHICH CHANNFL IS THE AtlTOANAJ,YZER AT'f'ACHFD" .:\INPllT C
50 C=INT(C)\CALL "RFST"(C,X,Sl,Nt)\IF 1'11=2 THF.~ 70
·60 PRINT "THIS CHANNEl; I1\tITTALTZFO FopnNl "DATA PEP SAMPI.F."\STOP
70 PRINT "FOR QUICK REPORT, MOUNT THE fiAVE CASSETTE AND TYPE Y"
90 GOSlIR 2000\ TF' Y$<> I y I THEN 90\Z=1 \GOTn 640
90 Z=o
100 PRINT "THF.RE ARE":N;" WORDS J,EFT IN THE EH1FFFP F'OR.CHANNFI.":C
no PRIN'r "SAMPI,F. ]I)[!~1FIEP IS"S1
120 PRINT "ARE STANDARDS TO BE PUN" :\GOSUR 2000
130 IF YS<>'Y' THEN 730
140 PP1JIIT·IIHOW MaNY StANDARDS j:\PF:THEPF":\INPUT JII\N=INTHJ)
t50 PRINT ""'IHAT IS .THF. SEQUENTIAl. S.IIMPLF. NUMBER OF THE FIRST STl\NDARD":
160 TNPHT S
170 PRINT "PRnGRAM WILL WA IT UNTIL LAST STANDARD TS 1111 AHFFP.R"
180 CALL "STAT"(C,S+N-t,S)
190 IF 5(0)<>-2 THEN 200\PRINT "DATA HAS ALRF.ADY BEEN REMOVF:D"\GOTO 20
200 IF 5(0)=-1 THEN lRO
210 PRINT "LAST DATUM IS IN RUFFER"
220 FOR 1=1. TO N

7-8

(
'(

(

c

(~

REPORT

(

,.

(

~,

(
(

GENE~~TORS

230 CALL "STAT"(C,S+I-l,S)\IP S(O)2 GO Tn 280\IF K'Y' THEN ROO
670 PRINT "PLACE APPROPRIATE CASSETTE ON UNIT 0"
6f!0·PRTNT "TYPE ANY CHARACTER WHEN PEAOY"\GOSUB 2000
690 OPEN FS FOR nUTPUT AS FILE #1
700 PRINT #1:A2,Al,AO\CLOSE #1
710 PRINT "A FII,E NAMED ":ES".OAT HAS 'f\I'EN CRFATED"
720 GOTO 800
730 PRINT "ARE THE COF.PFTCTFNTS ON CASSETTF"\GOStlB 2000
740 If YS='Y' THEN 780
750 PRINT "THEN TYPE THE~ IN ORDEP"
160 INPUT A2\INPllTA1\INPtJT AO
770 GOTO BOO
780 OPEN FS FOR INPlJT AS FILE #1
790 HIPIIT #1:A2,Al,AO\Ct,OSE #1
800 TS="TIT"&STRS(C)\IF Z=l THEN 880
810 PRINT "ARE THE HEADINGS ON CASSETTE";\GOSUB 2~OO
820 IF YS='Y' THEN RBO
830 PRINT "WHAT IS THE HEADING"\INPUT HS
840 PRINT "IINITS"\INPUT US

=
=

=
=

7-9

REPORT

GENE~TORS

850 PRINT "SAVE ON CASSETTE": \GnStlH 2000\ IF !~(»'r~ ,!,~"'h'''''
860 OPEN TS fOR OUTPUT AS FILE #1

870 PRINT #t:HS,US\CLOSE #l\GOTO 900
BBO OPEN TS FOR INPUT AS FILE #1
890 INPUT #l:HS,US\CLOSE#l~~~M
900 PRINT IICURRENT SEQUENT! AL SJlMPLE NUI,I!'Y' THEN 970
930 FOR 1=51 TO S+N-l
940 CALL IIRDBFII(C,X,S)
950 NEXT I

I~QO

-

960 PRINT "NEW SEQUENTIAL SAMPLE' NIJMRER tS"':~.1'1 Cl
970 PRINT "WHAT CUP NUMREP DO YOU WANT FC'? '!'t'llt{ $~.ni"f" ,~io";
,
980 CALL "BFST"(C,X,NI,Sl)

990 Cl ::;: Cl-S1+1 \PEf1 51 IS LASTS/-IP NUM
1000 PRINT\PRINT
1010PRINTHS
1020 PRINT "CHANNEL";C
1030 CA!.IJ "RDRF"(C,S,.c;,F')\IF 5(0)<0 GOTO n~()
1040 PRINT "SAMPJ.E":5+Cl
1045 Sl=S(I)\S(1)=AO+51*(Jll+A2*SI)
1050 S(2)=JNT[SC1))\SC3)=JNT{IOO'(S(I)-S(2)164~)
1060. PRINT STP.S(S(2)):".n:S1'pS(S(3)): .... :1~S:
10.10 IF' f'(O)=O. THEN 1170
..

•

..
\
1080 F(0)=F'Cl}\F(1)=INT(F(b)/B)\F(2)=INT((Ftn)~Frl))'"
1090 F{O)=FCO)-FC11*B-F£1)*4
1100 IF ft1)=0 THfN 1120.

1110 PRINT
1120.. PP'[N"

"*":

1]30 IF 1"(2)=0 THfN 1150
1140 PRINT "TIMING"
1150 IF FC01:0 THEN 1170
1160 PRINT "Non;E LEVEL":INT(1.6*f(0»;"""

1170 PRINT\PPINT
1180 CALL "~NDX»(X)
1190 IF

X=~

GOTn 1030

1200 STOP2000 INPUT Y$\IF YS<>'YES' GOTr-1020

20..10. Y$=' Y'
2020 :RETIIRN
9999 EN))
.
_... ~'If,.t ••nrpOL ("1It.ts
10 REM SMA REPORT GENfRATOR--ASSUMF PRGPr~'· ::. "
20 DTM HS(12j,US(12),S[12),LS[12),A(12)~Fr2:~.~.('·
30 PR I NT "SM A REPORT GP.NER AT()fP'
..
40. PRItJ" "WHICH CHANNP.L":\INP!lT C
50 IF C>15 GOTO 40\11" C-J THEN 8~ _.,._.
70. PRINT "CHANNEL"rC:"TS NOT INTTIALIZfn.·\~·?~ ".~I~TFST~ p~p SAMPLf"
8Q PRINT- "THIS Cf:lANfllEL HAS f\E~N !NITIAL~;;~:- :;'~ ~;n.~rF"p. If
90 PRINT "THERE ARE: ";Z~"~~(wn" RtIolAH'l"lb .i.),.... llf}"
100 PR.INT "AT A.RATE OR":T/Hl\):"SF:rONDS?E<",,"::~~I·jlln~5." ..
110 PRINT "THF. fHJFFF.R WILT. F'tl.t IN" :X*TI~')i'-I~ , tlf~.!"R"'·
120 PRINT "GIVE THE HEAOING:~ n-'p EACH Tt:~t :'i ~\tl
1-30 PRINT" CMAxnmM 5 CtlJI/-IIICTFPSJ It
140 FOR r=01'O N-l
150 PRINT "HF.-ADJNG FOR cnf.lfMN .": 1+ 1
160 TNPUT HSn)
170 NEXT I~;:l'~>'MI,I~1 ". \H~P"CTf.R5)"
180 PRINT "GIVf. THF UNITS F'fW ~'ACHTEST • _ -190 FOR 1::0 TO N-l
~. _ ....... " nl'ur IJsn)
200 PRINT "UNITS FOR":HS(T)I"(,OLIIHII";l-.= . \ I

7-10

•
C

REPORT GENERATORS
210
220
230
240
250
260
770
280
290
300
310
320
330
340

350
360
370
380
3QO
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510

(

(

,~-

NEXT I
PRINT\AS=' I
CALL "RDRF"(C,S.A,F)\IF A(O)TB

PROGRAM TOO BIG

Ttie line just entered caused the
program to exceed the user code
area.
Reduce' program
size
by
eliminating remarks and by using
subroutines,
user-defined
functions,
overlaying,
and
chaining.

?PWF

POWER FAIL

A power fail interrupt occurred
while the specified program line
was executing.
All
files
are
closed.

?RBG

RETURN BEFORE GOSUB A RETURN was encountered before
execution of a GOSUB statemen.t.

a

((
,.'- ...... ,.

B-4

BASIC ERROR l-lESSAGES

/

?RPL

USER REPLACE

?SOB

SUBSCRIPT OUT OF BOUNDS
The subscript computed 'is greater
than
32,167 oi' is outside the
bounds
d~fined
in
the
DIM
statement.

?SSO

STRING STORAGE OVERFLOW
Not enough Demory is availaple' to
store all th~ strings used in the
, program.

?STL

STRING TOO LONG

The maximum length of a string in a
BASIC statemaentis 255 characters.

?SYN

SYNTAX ERROR

The prog.raa has encountered
an
unrecognizable statement.
Common
examples of syntax
errors
are
misspelled
commands I
unmatched
parentheses"
and
other
typographical errors.

"

(
,?TIMING{:t

(

File sa~ed ~lready
existed
on
device. Caused by SAVE command.

Cassette hardware timing error.

?TLT

LINE TOO LONG TO TRANSLATE
Lines are,i:ranslatedasentered and
the line just entered exceeds the
area available for translation.

?UFN

UNDEFINED FUNCTION,
The function called was not defined
py the 'program or was not loaded
wi th BASIC Qr th,ere was, a syntax
error in the first keyword on a
'line and BASIC translated the line
, as an, impl.ied CALL s ta temen t.

?ULN

UNDEFINED LINE NUMBER
The line number specified in an IF,
GO TO or GOSUB statement does not
exist anywhere in the program.

?WLO

WRITE LOCKOUT

(

WRT

"

L~CK}O

?l

'h J

Tried to write on a file opened for
input or tried to open for output a
read~only device.
Nonfatal,
, cassette
on
unit
indicated was write-locked.
Write
enable
cassette
and
continue
(removing ca,ssetteto write enable
it will cause the nonfatal OFFLINE
message) •

o
?WRT LOCK
I
f

Cassette on
write-locked
progress.

(

B-5

unit
while

indicated
I/O
was

was
in

BASIC ERROR NESSAGES
?~ER/A~

ERROR/aThe program tried to compute the value A~B, where
A is less than 0 and B is not an
integer. This produces a complex
number which is not represented in
BASIC.

When the message ?DNR ATLINExxxxx is printed because the device
referred to is not on-line, turn the device on and issue a GO TO XXXXX
statement. Execution of the program resumes at the 11ne (xxxxx)
specified.
This message may also indicate that a program file does
not contain any legal BASIC program lines.
Where the message ?OOD AT LINE xxxxx is printed because the file
referred to by an INPUT' statement is not ready, prepare the file and
issue a GO TO statement to resume execution.
Function Errors
The following errors can occur when a function is called improperly.

(
'~

?ARG

The argument used is the wrong type. For example,
the argument was numeric and the functiow expected
a string expression.

?SYN

The wrong number of arguments was used in a
function., or the wrong character was used to
separate them.
For example,
PRINT
SIN(X,Y)
produces a syntax error.

In addition, the functions give the errors listed below.

(

FNa ( ••• )

(

?UFN

The function a has not been defined (function
cannot be defined by an immediate mode statement).

?SYN

A syntax error has been found in the expression in
the DEF statement which defined the function.
This error message is produced by statements
evaluating user-defined functions, not by the
statement defining the function.

RND or RND(expr)

No errors

SIN (e.l!;pr)

No errors

COS (expr)

No errors

PI

?SYN

An . arg,1J4i!'~n.t was lncI uded

SQR(expr)

?ARG

Expression is negative

ATN(expr)

No errors

EXP (expr)

Expression is greater than 87

LOG{expr)

?ARG

Expression is negative or 0

LOGIC (expr)

?ARG

Expression is negative or 0

(

(

\
B-6

B-7

INDEX
~mmediate

Analog, 3-4
Argument, 7-1

Mode, 6-2
programming, 6-1
Initialization, 3-1
Instrument errors, 5-1

Bootstrap Loader, 2-6
Buffer Status Light, 1-3
Buffer size, 3-6

"

(

C'

Call statement, A-I
Cassette, 1-4, 2-1
bootstrap, 2-5
copy, 2-8
dismounting, 2-4
formatting, 2-2
loader, 2-5
mounting, 2-2
system, 2-5
using, 2-2
zero, 2-7
Character strings, 6-4
Command Summary, A-2
Commands, A-l
Components,
hardware, 1-1, 1-2
software, 2-5
Console, 1-2
elements, 1-2
operation, . 3-1
Control switches, PDP-ll/IO, 1-1
Copying cassettes, 2-8
(CR) Carriage Return, 1-2
Creating a new system cassette,
2-9, 3-8
Data record, 2-2DECwriter (LA36), 1-2
digital" 3-4
Restarting, 2-7, 4-3
Error messages,
BASIC. CAPS error, B-1
fatal - PDL, 5-1 .
instrument, 5-3
nonfatal .~ PDL, 5-1, 5-3
F a tal error messages I· 5-1
File, transfer
PIP, 2-B
Format,
cassette, 2-2

(

Halt key, 2-6
Hardware components, 1-1

LA36 DECwriter, 1-2
Line Feed key, ·1-2
Line numbers, 6-1
Locking bar, 2-4
Local operator console, 1-2
Loading,
CAPS/BASIC, 2-5
CAPS-ll, 2-5
PDL, 3-1, 4-1
Mark button, 1-3
Mathematic operation, 6-3
Mode, 6-1
immediate, 6-2
program, 6-2
Mounting a cassette, 2-2
Hultiple statement lines, 6-3
Non-fatal error, 5-1
BASIC CAPS-II, B-1
PDL, 5-1
Write-Lock errors, 2-1
Numbers representation in BASIC, 6-1
Operation, console, 3-1
Optional functions, 3-2
OVer view, 1-4, 6-1
BASIC, 1-4, 6-1
PDP-ll/IO control switches, 1-2
PDL Daily Run, 4-1
Peripheral Interchange Program
(see PIP)
ptp, 2-B
calling and using, 2-B
Program, 7-1
sample, 7-5
Programmed Hode, 6-2
Programmerts console,
(PDP-ll/IO), 1-2
run ready light, 1-3
Rebooting BASIC, 2-7
Record, 2 .... 2
data, 2-2
gaps, 2-2
header, 2-2

INDEX-I

Record (cant.),
length, 2-2
Relational operation, 6-3
Removing a cassette, 2~4
Report Generator, 7-1
AA; 7-7
Coulter, 7-7
SMA, 7-5
Rewind button, 2-4

Transferring files, PIP, 2-8

(

Variables, 6-4
subscripted, 6-.5
Write-Lock, 2-1
Write..,.Protect tabs, 2-1

Sample program, 7-5
Set up, 3-4
Special characters and commands,
1-2, A-I
CTRL!U, . A-3
rubout, 1-2, A-3
Start button, 1-3
Starting a program, 4-1
STAT r 7-5
Statements, BASIC, 6-3
Strings in BASIC, 6-1
Subroutines, 7-1
general interface, 7-2
Subscripted, 6-1
System cassette, 2-5

Zeroing a cassette, 2-7

.-,

.

(
\,

(J

c....:.

INDEX-2

HOW TO OBTAIN SOFTWARE INFORMATION

I'

(

,/

(

(.
"

(

SOFTWARE NEWSLETTERS, MAILING LIST
The Software Communications Group, located at corporate headquarters in
Maynard, publishes software newsletters for the various DIGITAL products.
Newsletters are published monthly, and keep the user informed about customer software problems and solutions, new software products,documentation corrections, as well as programming notes and techniques.
.
There are two similar levels of service:
The Software Dispatch
The Digital Software News
The Software. Dispatch is part of the Software Maintenance Service. This
service applies to the following software products:
PDP-9/15
RSX-IID
DOS/BATCH
RSTS-E
DECsystem-lO
A Digital Software News for the PDP-II and a Digital Software News far
the PDP.,..8/12 are available to any customer who has. purchased PDP-II or
PDP-8/12 software.
A collection of existing problems and solutions for a given software
system is published periodically. A customer receives this publication
with his initial software kit with the delivery of his system. This·
collection would be either a Software Dispatch Review or Software Performance Summary depending on the system ordered.
A mailing list of users who receive software newsletters is also maintained by Software Communications. Users must sign-up for the news~
l.etter they desire. This can be done by either completing the form supplied with the Revi~w or Summ~y or by writing to:
Software Communications
P.O. Box F
Maynard, Massachusetts 01754·
SOFTWARE PROBLEMS
Questions or problems relating to DIGITAL's software should be reported
as follOWS:
North and South American Submitters:
Upon completion of Software Performance Report (SPR) form remove last
copy and send remainder to:
Software communications
P.O. Box F
Maynard, Massachusetts 01754
The acknowled~ent copy will be returned along with a blank SPR"form
upon receipt. The acknowledgement will contain a DIGITAL assigned SPR
number. The SPR nUmber or the preprinted number should be referenced in
any future correspondence. Additional SPR forms may be obtained from
the above address;.
All International Submitters:
Upon completion of·theSPR form, reserve the last copy and send the remainder to the SPR Center in the nearest DIGITAL office. SPR forms are
.also available from our SPR Centers.
PROGRAMS AND MANUALS
Software and manuals should be ordered by title and order number. In the
United States, send orders to the nearest distribution center.

(
\

Digital Equipment Corporation
Digital Equipment Corporation
Software Distribution Center
Software Distribution Center
146 Main Street
1400 Terra Bella
Maynard, Massachusetts 01754
Mountain View, California 94043
Outside of the united States, orders should be directed to the nearest
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USERS SOCIETY
DECUS, Digital Equipment Computers Users Society, maintains a user exchange center for user~written programs and technical application information. The Library contains approximately 1,900 programs for all
DIGITAL computer lines. Executive routines, editors, debuggers, special
functions,game.s, maintenance and various other classes of programs are
available.
DECUS. Prog.ram Library Catalogs. are routinely updated and contain lists.
and abstracts of all programs according to computer line:
PDP-8, FOCAL-8, .BASIC-8, PDP-12
PDP-7/9, 9, 15
PDP-II, RSTS-II
PDP-6/10, 10
Forms and information on acquiring and submitting programs to the. DEeUS
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In addition to the catalogs, DECUSalso publishes the following:
-The Society's technical newsletter, published bi-monthly,
DECUSCOPE
aimed at facilitating the interchange of technical information among users of DIGITAL. computers and at disseminating news items concerning the Society. Circulation reached 19,000 in May, 1974.
PROCEEDINGS OF
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EQUIPMENT. USERS
SOCIETY
-l\. report of the DECsystem-lO sessions held at the two
MINUTES OF THE
United States DECUS Symposia.
DECsystem-lO
SESSIONS
-A monthly mailed communique among DECsystem-IO users.
COPY-N-Mail
-Mailingo·f Local User Group (LUG) and SpeciaL Interest
LUG/SIG
Group (SIG) communique, aimed at providing closer
communication among users of a specific product or
application.
Further information on the'DECUS Library, publications, and other DECUS
activities is available from the DECUS offices listed below:
DECUSDigital Equipment Corporation
146 Main Street
Maynard, Massachusetts 01754

(

(

DECUS EUROPE
Digital Equipment Corp. International
(Europe)
P.O. Box 340
121lGeneva 26
switzerland

l
~.. (

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
f

(
/

PDL Operator's
Guide
DEC-ll....;OPUGA-A~D

,,
,
,

./

,/

READER'S COMMENTS

I

NOTE:

1

I
I
I

t".

,,

.i'l

This form is for document comments only. Problems
with software should be reported on a Software
Problem Report (SPR) form (see the HOW TO OBTAIN
SOFTWARE INFORMATION page).

Did you· find errors in .this manual?

If so, specify by page.

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Did you find this manual understandable, usable, .and
Please niake suggestions for improvement.

well~organized?

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t.!'!

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16
I ~
Ig

Is there sufficient documentation on associated ~ystemprograms
required for use of the. software described in t:his manual?' If not,
what material is missing and where shoul.d it be pl.aced?
.

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Please indicate the type of user/reader that

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[J
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Name

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most nearly' represent.

Assembly language programmer
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PDF Version                     : 1.6
Linearized                      : Yes
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