DEC 11 OPUGA A D PDL Operator's Guide

.)

Ci

',

..

. t

~

Order

addi

tiona!

copies

as

directed.

on.

the

Softwa.i;:s

Information

page

at

the

back

of

thi~~pcument.

:

.....

;"';"

:

~

,

digital equipment corporation-

niQYnar~~,massachu~~tts

.

First

Printing,

June

1975

The.

information

in

this

document

is

subject

to

change

without

notice

and

should

not

be

construed

as

a

commitment

by

Digital

Equipment

Corporation.

Digital

Equipment

Corporation

assumes

no

responsibility

for

any

errors

that

may

appear

in

this

manual.

The

software

described

in

thi.s

document

is

furnished

to

the

purchaser

under

a

license

for

use

on

a

single

computer

system

and

can

be

copied

(with

inclusion

of

DIGITAL's

copyright

notice)

only

for

use

in

such

system,

except

as

may

otherwise

be

provided

in

writing

by

DIGITAL.

Digital

Equipment

Corporation

assumes

no

responsibility

for

the

use

or

reliability

of

its

software

on

equipment

that

is

not

supplied

by

.

DIGITAL.

Copyright

C§)

1975,

by

Digital

Equipment

Corporation

The.HOW

TO

OBTAIN

SOFTWARE

INFORMATION

page,

located

at

the

back

of

this

document,

explains

the

various

services

available

to

DIGITAL

software

users.

The

postage

prepaid

READER'S

COMMENTS

form

on

the

last

page

of

this

document

requests

the

user's

critical

evaluation

to

assist

us

in

preparing

future

documentation.

The

following

are

trademarks

of

Digital

Equipment

Corporation:

COP

COMPUTER

LAB

COMSYST

COMTEX

DDT

DEC

DECCOMM

DECTAPE

DIBOL

DIGITAL

DNC

EDGRIN

EDUSYSTEM

FLIP

CHIP

FOCAL

GLC-8

IDAC

IDACS

INDAC

KAIO

LAB-8

LAB-8/e

LAB-K

OMNIBUS

OS/8

PDP

PHA

psiS

QUICKPOINT

RAD-8

RSTS

RSX

RTM

RT-ll

SABR

TYPESET 8

UNIBUS

(

PREFACE

The

PDL

system

is

primarily

a

system

designed

for

data

acquisition

and

analysis.

It

will

collect,

record

and

process

data

from

15

instruments

such

as

Autoanalyzers,

SMA's

or

Coulter

model

"s"

while

simultaneously

doing

calculations

with

the

data

being

collected

or

perform

any

other

services

of

BASIC.

,

The

PDL

operators

guide

provides

the

USer

with

information

on

system

usage,

initialization

of

instrument

parameters,

cassette

manipulation,

software

interfacing,

report

generating,

sample

programs,

error

condi-

tions

and

error

procedures..

Also

included

is

an

introduction

to

the

BASIC CAPS

language.

These

chapters

are

structured

in

the

logical

fashion

to

orient

you

with

the

system

from

installation

to

daily

opera-

tion.

The

following

manuals

·provide

the

PDL

user

with

additional

information.

PDL

Programmers

Manual

DEC-II-OPPMA-A-D

BASIC

Language

Reference

Manual

DEC-II-LIBBA-A-D

CAPS

11

Users

Guide

DEC-II-OTUGA-A-D

CAPS/BASIC

Users

Manual

DEC-l1-LIBCA-A-D

iii

(

\

CONTENTS

(Cont.)

(

Pa'}e

CHAPTER

6 BASIC

LANGUAGE

INTRODUCTION

6

•.

1

BASIC

CAPABILITIES

6-1

;>

6.2

IMMEDIATE

MODE

6-2

6.3

PROGRAMMED

MODE

6-2

i"'''

6.3.1

Statements

6-2

6.4

MATHEMATICAL

OPERATIONS.

6-3

6.4.1

Relational

Operation

6-3

(

6.4.2

Evaluation

of

Expressions

6-3

6.4.3

Character

Strings

6-4

'

..

6.4.4

Variable

6-4

CHAPTER

7

REPORT

GENERATORS

7.1

SUBROUTINES

USED

7~2

7.1.1

INTL

Subroutine

7-2

7.1.2

RDBF

Subroutine

7-3

7.1.3

BFST

Subroutine

7-4

(

7.1.4

STAT

Subroutine

7-5

7.2

SAMPLE

PROGRAM

7-5

~

APPENDIX

A

BASIC

STATEMENTS,

COMMANDS,

FUNCTIONS

A-I

APPENDIX

B

BASIC

ERROR

MESSAGES

B-1

iv

(

':

.(

(

c·

(

CHAPTER

1

INTRODUCTION

1.1

OVERVIEW

The

PDL

Operator's

Guide

provides

an

overview

of

the

PDL

system,

its

function,

and

its

overall

operating

procedures.

The

chapters

include

information

on

system

usages,

initialization,

cassette

manipulation,

software

interfacing,

report

generating,

and

error

procedures.

Also

included

is

an

introduction

to

the

BASIC-CAPS

language

•

The

information

is

set

forth

in

a

logical

fashion

to

increase

familiarity

with

PDL

and

to

simplify

system

use

on

a

daily

basis.

1.2

INTENDED

USE

PDL

(Programmable

Data

Logger)

has

been

developed

specifically

for

use

with

clinical

laboratory

instruments.

PDL's

primary

functions

are

to

aquiredata

from

such

instruments

as

Autoanalyzers,

SMAs,

and

coulter

model

ItS','

counters,

to

manipulate

the

data

mathematically,

and

to·

produce

formatted

repo~ts.

(The

reports

are

printedOti

the

Console

terminal

or

any

other

designated

printing

device.)

PDL

may

also

be

used

as

a

programmable

calculator,

tailored

to

allow

individual

~odification

within

the

laboratory.

1.2.1

The

System

PDL

is

buH

t

around

the

PDP-:-ll/lO

processor.

The

.PDL.

system

includes

such

features

as

dual

cassette

drives

(drives

0

and

1),

aconsole

terminal

(a

DECwriter),

and

24K

.(lK

=

1024

words)

of

core

memory_

Local

operator.

console

terminals

are

provided

for

each

laboratory

instrument

interface..

.

Input/Output

(I/O)

devices

connect

local

operator

terminals,

clinical

instruments,

and

the

central

processor.

For

such

clinical

instruments

as

the

coulter,

the

I/O

devices

are

digital~

for

autoanalyzers

or

SMAs,

analog/digital

converters

are

provided.

Clinical

instruments

must

be

connected

to

the

computer

by

cable

to

a

screw

terminal.

1-1

INTRODUCTION_

1.2.2

The

Console

The

console

contains

switches

through

which

information

necessary

to

the

computer

operation

may

be

directly

inserted

to

the

programs.

This

is

a

convenient

manual

method

of

updating

and

controlling

the

status

of

the

operations.

A

complete

explanation

of

the

console

switches

and

their

use

will

be

found

in

the

CAPS-II

USERS

GUIDE.

However

the

running

of

PDL

does

not

require

the

uSe

of

these

console

switches.

1.3

THE

DECWRITER

The

DECwriter

(LA36)

with

its

printer

and

keyboard

acts

as

the

computer

typewriter.

It

prints

both

the

input

data

typed

by

the

USer

and

the

data

output

from

the

computer,

at

a

rate

of

30

charactets

per

second.

The

DECwriter

keyboard

resembles

the

keyboard

of

a

typewriter,

with

several

additional

keys

that

Serve

specifically

as

communications

control

keys.

The

carriage

return

key

(whose

use

is

indicated

in

this

manual

by

the

notation

<CR»

is

pressed

to

tell

the

computer

that

the

current

line

of

typed

input

is

complete.

This

action

automatically

moves

the

print

head

to

the

left

margin

to

await

further

input.

Cartiage

return

is

pressed

at

the

end

of

each

line

of

operator

dialogue.

The

line

feed

key

(indicated

as

LF

in

this

manual)

returns

the

print

head

to

the

left

margin

but

does

not

tell

the

computer

that

the

current

line

of

inpu~

is

complete.

This

allows

for

continuation

of

a

long

input

line

on

the

line.

The

ALT-MODE

key

(indicated

by

ALT)

may

appear

on

the

keyboard

as

the

ESCape

key.

It

has

many

functions

which

are

not

described

here

because

PDL

does

not

use

this

key.

The

RUBOUT

key

erases

characters,

one

by

one,

in

reverse

order.

Press

the

RUBOUT

key

once

for

each

character

to

be

erased,

then type

the

correct

characters.

To

erase

a

complete

line,

hold

down

the

CTRL

(control)

key

and

type

the

U

key.

Then

resume

typing

the

correct

input.

1.3.1

Special

Switches

on

the

LA36

Terminal

The

baud

switch

controls

the

speed

at

which

the

terminal

can

receive

and

send

characters.

When

PDL

is

being

used,

the

Baud

switch

must

be

set

at

300.

Information

on

all

bf

ihese

fun6tions

and

a

complete

description

of

the

DECwriter

will

be

f6und

in

the

CAPS-II

Users

Guide

(DEC-l~-OTUGA-A-D)

.

1.4

LOCAL

OPERATOR'S

CONSOLE

The

local

operator's

console

looks

like

a

small

black

box.

Such

a

box

is

attached

to

every

laboratory

instrument.

The

local

operator's

console

is

the

means

through

which

the

laboratory

instruments

1-2

(

..

/

communicate

above

which

effectively

buttons

and

INTRODUCTION

with

the

computer.

The box

contains

three

white

buttons,

are

three

small

lights,

(see

Figure

1.-1)

To

run

PDL

it

is

necessary

to

understand

the

functions

of

both

lights.

Figure

1-1

Local

Operator'~

Console

The

button

on

the

left

is

the

START

button.

Pressing

this

button

causes

the

computer

to

begin

taking

data

from

laboratory

instruments.

The

light

.oIl

the

left

(above

the

start

button)

is

the

READY/RUN

light.

The

flashing

of

this

light

indicates

that.

PDL

·is

ready

to

be

started.

When

the

light

remains

on,

PDL

is

taking

data

from

the

instrument.·

The

middle

button

is

not

assigned

an

activity

•.

This

particular

button

may

be

used

to

control

a

function

needed

in

the

user's

program,

possibly

a

halt.

The

light

in

the

middle

is

the

BUFFER

STATUS

. LIGHT.

This

light

flashes

as

a

warning

whenever

buffer

storage

areas

are

almost

fUll.

The

flashing

reminds

the

user

that

report

generation

is

necessary

to

remove

data

from

the

instrument's

buffer.

If

the

light

is

ignored

it

will

eventually

remain

on,

indicating

that

the

buffer

in

question

has

overflowed~

and

that

results

are

being

lost.

The

button

on

the

right

is

the

MARK

BUTTON.

It

is

used

to

set

selective

indicators

on

data

taken

from

the

laboratory

instrument,

so

that

this

particular

data

may

be

treated

by

the

Report

Generating

program

in

a

specific

manner.

The

pressing

of

this

button

once

1-3

INTRODOCTION

initiates

this

action.

A

second

pressing

of

the

button

cancels

the

action.

An

example

of

the

use

of

this

feature

is

to

indicate

the

separation

of

several

samples

of

watet

so

that

they

are

not

..

included

in

a

calculation.

The

right

hand

light

indicates

the

status

of

the

MARK

BUT'rON.

If

the

light

is

on,

the

MARK

function

is

in

use.

The

local

operator's

con,ole

enables

the

user

to

remotely

control

the

computer's

interaction

with

a

particular

laboratory

instrument,

the

transfer

of

data

to

the

computer,

and

the

monitoring

of

the

whole

procedure.

1.5

CASSETTE

SYSTEM

POL

is

tailored

to

the

cassette

system.

The

choice

of

cassettes

for

use

with

this

system

contributes

to

the

ease,

directness,

and

simplicity

of

approach

that

is·

inherent

in

the

system.

Loading,

unloading,

and

general

manipulation

are

greatly

simplified

because

of

this

feature.

The

small,

sturdy

cassette

is

capable

of

carrying

large

quantities

of

data

and

is

easy

to

handle.

Storage

problems

are

nonexistent;

many

cassettes

may

be

stored

in

a

relatively

small

area.

Cassettes

ar~

inexpensive

to

buy.

Therefbre,

their

use

as

backup

storage,

for

important

data,

is

both

efficient

and

economical.

Advantage

should

be

taken

of

the

back-up

storage

feature

in

.

both

the

BASIC

CAPS

system

and

the

POL

system.

Furthl;!r

informatio.n

on

cassettes

will

be

found

in

Chapter

2.

NOTE

Do

not

use

audio

cassettes

on

this

system.

Use

only

computer

cassettes.

1.6

BASIC

LANGUAGE

OVERVIEW

BASIC

is

the

language

chosen

for

use

with

the

POL

system.

BAStC

is

a

high

level,

English-like

language

that

can

be

l~arned

quickly

and

easily.

It

is,

perhaps,

the

simplest

of

all

programming

languages

to

use.

The

small

number

of

powerful

statements

and

commands

that

are

necessary

to

produce

good

results,

together

with

the

ease

of

problem

solving,

make

BASIC

ideal

for

use

with

POL

Although

BASIC

is

similar

to

other

high-level

programming

languages,

its

conversational

nature

makes

it

a

canvenient

language

for

use

with

PDL. A

conversational

language

allows

two-way

communication

between

the

programmer

and

the

language

processor.

The

typing

of

-input

data

onto

the

terminal

invokes

a

reciprocal

response

from

the

computer,

which

results

in

output

data

being

printed

an

the

terminal.

Use

of

BASIC

in

the

cassette

enviranment

is

referred

to.

as

BASIC/CAPS.

BASIC-CAPS

facilitates

the

easy

writing

af

repart

generating

pragrams.

Data

acquisitian

and

processing

actians

cantinue

while

the

user

is

.

writing

ar

testing

pragrams,

ar

atherwise

using

BASIC

as

a

calculatar.

See

Repart

Generatars,

Chapter

7.

1-4

(

l

.1

(

c

':

",

c··

~

<.0.

'

f

'.

CHAPTER

2

THE

COMPU'!'ERCASSETTE

The

computer

cassette

is

a

convenient

magnetic

tape

device

used

simplify

the

manipulation

of

data

within

a

computer

environment.

size,

shape,

and

construction,

the

computer

cassette

is

similar

to

popular

cassette

commonly

used

for

home

tape

recording.

However "

computer

cassette

is

structured

specifically

for'

use

'with

computer.

to

In

the

On

one

edge

of

the

cassette

there

are

two

flexible,

plastic

orange

tabs.

They

are

called

'WRITE

PROTECT

TABS'.

They

are

situated

one

at

each

end

of

the

cassette

where

they

can

govern

the

write

capability

on

the

tape.

Unlike

home

tape

cassettes,'

the

computer

cassette

is

us'ed

to

record

information

in

one

direction

only.

Ther~fore

only

one

orange

tab

(the

one

marked

with

an

arrow

on

the

cassette

label)

need

t)e

used.

(See

Figure

2-1.)

When

the

orange

t,ab

is

pulled

over:

toward

the

middle

of

the

cassette

(i.e.,

the

hole

is

uncovered),

the

tape

is

consid~red

to

be

in

WRITE-LOCK

position.

WRITE-LOCK

means

that

data

cannot

be

written

onto

the

tape.

This

simple

protection

device

ha~

proven

~

very

useful

"

tool.If

an

attempt

i~

made

to

write

onto

a

cassette

which

WRITE-LOCK,

an

error

message

(WRT

LOCK)

will

result.

is

in

Pushing

the

orange

tab

to

the

outside

of

the

cassette

.(i.~.,

co~ering

.the·hole)

makes

the

tape

WRITE-ENABLED.

WRITE-ENABLED

means

that

data

may

be

written

onto

the

tape.

The

orange

tab,

while

controlling

the

cassette's

ability

to

receive

data,

does

not

affect

the

tape's

ability

to

be

read.

Thus,

the

cassette

tape

may

be

read,

regardless

of

the

position

0'£

the

tab.

As a

safeguard

against

abrasion,

both

ends

of

the

tape

consist

of

clear

plastic.

The

~lear

plastic

is

either

leader

(or

trailer

tape).

Magnetic

tape

is

quite

susceptible

to

dust,

grit,

and

fingerprints.

Therefore-

the

clear

plastic

leader

protects

the

tape

during

handling

and

storage.

To

ensure

proper

use

of

this

protect

f~ature

the

tape

should

be

rewoundtb

its

beginning

(plastic

leader)

at

all

times

other

than

when

the

cassette

is

actually

in

use.

2-1

THE

COMPUTER

CASSETTE

2.1

RECORD

FORMATTING

The

computer

cassette

tape

contains

data

in

the

form

of

files

and

records.

A

file

is

defined

as

the

largest

f;elf-contained

unit

of

data

on

the

tape.

A

file

consists

of

one

or

more

records.

A

record

is

defined

as

the

smallest

self-contained

unit

of

data

on

the

tape;

It

is

the

only

type

of

unit

within

a

file.

The

size

of

a

data~file

is

determined

by

the

amount

of

data

it

encompasses.

There

are

no

set·

number

of

files

on

a

cassette

tape.

There

may

be

as

few

as

one

file

or

the~e

may

be

many

files,

each

containing

one

or

more

small

data

records.

A

file

may

not

extend

over

more

than

one

cassette

tape.

Each

file

on

the

cassette

tape

is

separated

from

its

neighbor

by.

an

inter-file

gap.

The

inter~fil~

gap

is

one

quarter

inch

long.

tts

purpose

is

both

to

separate

the

individual

fileS

and

to

serve

as

a

point

of

reference

for

any

program

that

is

seeking

a

given

file.

Therefore,

it

is

important

that

such

a

gap

also

appear

before

the

first

file

on

the

tape.

The

seeking

program

will

ignore

any

data

it

finds

ahead

of

the

first

inter-file

gap.

.

The

data-record

is

~tructured

in

the

Same

manner

as

thefile~

Because

there

are.

often

many

records

within

a

file;

each

record

is

separated

from

the

next,by

an

inter-record

gap.

Within

a

file,

each

record

must

be

in

both

logical

and

physical

sequence.

The

record's

number,

its

position

in

the

file,

and

general

information

controlling

its

fun6ti6ti,

are

present.

together

with

the

file

name,

file

type,

and

file

length,

1n

the

first

record

of

that

partictilar

file.

This

record

is

called

the

header

record.

2.2

USING

THE

CASSETTE

Before

mounting

the

cassette

on

the

cassette

drive,

the

should

be

set

to

the

desired

position

(WRITE~LOCK

or

WRITE

locking-bar

(a

protect

feature

on

the

cassette

drive)

is

pushing

(sliding)

it

to

the

right,

away

from

the

drive

2-1).

2-2

orange

tab

ENABLE

1

The

..

removed

by

(see

Figure

.•.

"

(

((

(

";::,

(

, '

/

THE

COMPUTER

CASSETTE

Figure

2-1

Cassettes

The

cassette

is

then

held,

with

the

open

(tape)

edge

facing

'to

the

left.

In

this

position

the

cassette's

flat

surface,

which

is

facing

the

operator,

has

the

rewound

tape

at

the

top.

The

cassette

is

held

so

that

the

'left

(tape)

edge

is

tilted

inwards

towards

the

computer

and

the

right

(back)

edge

is

outwards

from

the

computer

at,

approxi~ately

a

45-degree

angle.

The

cassette

is

then

insert~d

by

pushing

slightly

upward

as

the

cassette

is

pressed

firmly

home

onto

the

drive

sprockets.

The

cassette

tape

is

now

in

contact

with

the

read/write

heads.

The

cassette

locking-bar

is

then

replaced

(see

Figure

2-2).

'

2-3

THE

COMPUTER

CASSETTE

Figure

2-2

Cassette

Drive

To

remove

a

cassette

from

a

cassette

drive,

the

locking-bar

is

pushed

away

from

thedri-ve

(i.e

to

the

right)

and

the

release

of

pressure

causes

the

cassett.e

to

pop

out.

Each

cassette

drive

has

a

small

black

rewind

button.

located

on

the

right

of

the

particular

drive.

·bufton

causes

the

tape

to

rewind

to

its

beginning.

positioned

at

its

beg.inning

before

work

commences.

This

button

is

One

press

of

this

The

tape

should

be

Newly

shipped

cassettes

should

be

prepared

for

use

in

the

following

manner.

The

cassette

is

first

mounted

on

a

driva

so

that

the

cassette's

DIGITAL

label

faces

inwards

to

the

drive

unit.

This

is

the

opposite

way

to

normal

procedure,

and

is

only

performed

this

way

when

a

new

tape

is

being

used.

The

tape

is

then

rewound

by

pressing

the

rewind

button.

Following

this,

the

cassette

is

re~oved

f~om

the

drive,

turned

over

so

that

the

label

faces

outwards,

then·remounted

on

the

drive.

The

tape

is

rewound

again.

·This

procedure

stacks

the

tape

neat~y

within

th~

cassette

and

proVides

the

adeguate

tension

for

its

regular

use.

When

not

in

use,

cassettes

may

be

conveniently

stored

in

the

small

plastic

boxes

provided

for

this

purpose

by

the

manufacturer.

The

computerfs

facing

panel

has

provision

for

four

of

thes~

plastic

boxes

(including

the

cassettes)

to

be

held

for

easy

access

during

operations.

2-4

. ((

/

(

,',

2.3

THE

COMPUTER

CASSETTE

,

NOTE

As

mentioned

earlier

it

is

a good

practice

to

keep

tapes

in

their

rewound

state

and

in

their

plastic

cases

at

all

times

other

than

when

they

are

actually

in

use.

'

THE

SYSTEMS

CASSETTE

Each programming

system

is

contained

on a

single

cassette.

This

cassette

is

called

the

system

cassette.

It

contains

the

programs

that

govern

the

loading

and

the

running

of

all

of

the

systems

programs.'

NOTE

As

the

systems

cassette

is

not

normally

written

upon,

it

is

advisable

to

make

sure

that

the

orange

protect

tab,

is

always,

in

WRITE-LOCK.

Because

of

its

obvious

importance

to

the

system,

the

information

contained

on

the

systems

cassette

should

be

copied

onto

a

spare

cassette

at

the

earliest

opportunity.

In

the

event"

that

the

system

cassette

information

is

destroyed,

such

a

back-up

saves

time,

money,

anc,1

frustration.

To

make

copies

of

system

cassette,

refer

to

.

the

section

on

copying

cassettes.

2.4

LOADING

PROGRAMS

FROM

A

CASSETTE

'1'0

operate

the

systems

pr09rams,

it

is

necessary

to

have

them

in

the'

c,emputer'

s

memory~·

The'

loading

of

these

program'S

into

memory

is,

effected

by

the

BOOTSTRAP

PI'ogratn.

The

BOOTSTRAP

prog.ram

is

a

self-loading

program:

a

series

of

instructions

(residing

on

the

beginning

of

the

system

tape)

enable

the

system

progrems

to

be

,transferted

into

memory.' Once

loaded,the'

JlOOTSTRAP

program

is

able

to

accept

commands

(from

,the

console

,terminal

keyboard)

directing

it

to

load

the

programs

which

"follow

on

the

systems

tap.,.

'

There

are

three

systems

cassettes

provided

with

the

PDL

system.

are:

CAPS-II System (CAPS-II)

BASIC

CAPS-II

System,

(BASIC)

nOGRAMMAB'LE

DATA

LOGGER

{POL}

They

The

1oadingprocedure

for

any

of

the

above

systems

consists

of

the

following

steps:

1.

Be

sure

both

computer

and

console

terminal

are

on

line.

Turn

power key

ON.

2-5,

THE

COMPUTER

CASSETTE

2.

Place

the

specific

systems

cassette

onto

cassette

drive

O.

3.

Drive

0

must

always

be

used

for

the

system

cassette.

This

drive

is

found

on

the

left-hand

side.

NOTE

There

are

two

cassette

drives

on

the

console:

drive

0

and

drive

1.

It

is

important

to

remember

that

drive

0

is

on

the

left.

There

are

a

number

(see

Figure

2-3).

in

LOCK

position.

upward

into

the

programming

action

wor

k)

.

of

switches

on

the

front

of

the

computer

Make

sure

that

the

power

key

is

Dn

and

not

Press

the

HALT

switch

downward

and

then

ENABLE

position.

(This

cancels

prepares

the

console

for

further

Figure

2-3

Console

There

is

a

panel

on

the

front

of

the

computer.

This

panel

contains

a

number

designation:

H32~.

It

also

contains

switches

numbered

1-4

and

a LOCK/UNLOCK

switch.

Place

the

switch

marked

LOCK/UNLOCK

in

the

downward

position.

(This

action

prepares

for

loading

BOOTSTRAP.)

Hold

it

in

that

position

until

the

has

been

pressed.

Press

the

button

indicated

by

a

number

1.

Release

both

buttons.

2-6

(

'.-

",

(

("

,

.'

(

THE

COMPUTER

CASSETTE

NOTE

At

this

point,

the

run

lamp

is

on

,~hd

the

systems

cassette

tape

begins

to

move.

The

system

is

being

loaded.

The

system

cassette

tape

comes

to

a

halt

when

the

system

has

been

loaded.

If

CAPS-II

system

has

been

used,

proof

of

loading

is

seen

when

the

identification

line

shown

below

is

automatically

printed

on

the

terminal.

CAPS-ll

VOI-02

A

drit

is

also

printed

at

the

terminal's

left

margin.

This

dot

is

the

indication

that

the

system

is

in

the

ready

state

(i.e.,

awaiting

a

command

from

,the

terminal).

NOTE

If

a

loading

error

occurs,

the

systems

cassette

tape

stops

moving

and

the

computer

halts.

This

situation

requires

a

restart

of

the

whole

procedure~

The

system

must

be

REBOOTED

(i.e.,

the

BOOTSTRAP

must

be

reloaded).

If

the

error

reoccurs,

refer

to

the

error

procedures

in

Appendix

C

in

the

CAPS-II

User's

Guide

DEC-II-OTUGA-A-D.

,When

in

the

ready

state,

as

indicated

by

the

dot

printed

at

the

left

margin

of

the

terminal

printer,

the

system

accepts

any

of-the

following

eight

commands:

DATE

ZERO

SENTINAL

DIRECTORY

RUN

LO~O

START

VERSION

A

complete

desc,ription

of

the

cQmmands,

together

with

their

uses,

can

be

found

in

the

CAPS-II

User's

Guide

(DEC-ll-OTUGA-A-D)

Section

3.3.

2.5

ZEROING

A

CASSETTE

One

of

the

most

useful

commands

available

in

the

CAPS

system

is

the

Z.ERO

command.

The

command

deletes

(erases)

any

data

or

files

present

on

a

given

cassette.

ThiS

is

done

by

writing

a

Sentinel

'file

at

beginning

'of

tape.

Refer

to

CAPS-II

Useu

Manual

on

definition

of

Sentinel'

file.

The

purpose

of

this

procedure

is

to

'enable

a

previously

used

cassette

to

be

reused

without

the

possibility

of

and

present

data

inadvertently

being

mixed.

'

2-7

THE

COMPUTER

CASSETTE

The

procedure

for

zeroing

a

cassette

tape

is

shown

below:

1.

Place

cassette

to

be

zeroed

on

drive

1.

2.

In

response

to

the

dot

on

the

terminal

type

the

letters

ZER,

followed

by

the

drive

number,

followed

by

a

colon.

Example:

to

zero

the

tape

on

drive

1

type:

ZERI:<CR)

The

tape

is

now

automatically

zeroed.

NOTE

All

new

cassettes

should

be

zeroed

to

ensure

proper

operati6n.

Unzeroed

cassettes

can

not

be

written

on.

When

zeroing

previously

used

cassettes,

care

should

be

used

so

that

important

data

are

never

accidently

removed.

2.6

COPYING

A CASSETTE

The

copying

of

a

cassette

tape

is

a

function

that

will

often

be

performed.

Copying

a

cassette

is

aided

by

the

.

(PIP)

•

PIP

is

a

useful

utility

deleting,

zeroing,

and

multiple

Information

regarding

each

of

these

Users

~anual.

Peripheral

Interchange

program

which

allows.

copying

of

cassette

features

is

found

in

the

Program

copying,

tapes.

CAPS-ll

PIP

resides

on

the

CAPS-II

systems

cassette.

The

CAPS

system

tape

is

booted.

This

results

in

a

dot

appearing

on

the

left

margin

of

·the

terminal

printer.

In

response

to

the

dot

the

PIP

program

is.

called

by

typing

the

following

statement

on

the

terminal.

R

PIP

<CR)

PIP

is

automatically

loaded

into

memory.

An

asterisk

printed

on

the

left

margin

of

the

tet:minal

printer,

is

PIP's

response.

The

system

is

ready

for

the

which

in

this

case

is

a

string

command

(Leo,

it

contains

several

actions)

in

the

format

shown

below.

CTi:

=

CTi:/OPTION

In

the

above

symbolic

statement

CT.:

number,

and

OPTION

refers

to

the

perform.

refers

to

type

of

the

ca~sette

drive

action

that

PIP

is

to

For

copying,

only

one

input

and

only

one

output

device

are

required.

Therefore

the

command

to

be.

typed

would

be:

. I

:=0:

<CR)

where

1

is

the

output

drive,

0

is

the

input

drive,

and

C

means

copy.

2-8

(

"

(

,

/

(

THE

COMPUTER

CASSETTE

The

output

cassette

(on

drive

1)

is

automatically

zeroed.

The

contents

of

the'cassette

on

drive

0

are

then

copied

onto

the

cassette

on

drive

1.

NOTE

The

protect

tab

should

be

in

WRITE-LOCK

position

on

the

input

tape

(the

tape

being

copied);

the

tab

should

be

in

ENABLE

position

on

the

output

tape

(the.

blank

or

zeroed

tape).

To

copy

the

BASIC-CAPS-ll

systems

tape

or

the

PDL

systems

tape,_

place

the

systems

tape

on

drive

0

and

a

receiving

tape

on

drivel.

In

response

to

the

*,

type:

1:=0:

<CR)

Further

information

on

PIP

may

be

found

in

CAPS-II

User's

Guide

(DEC-ll-OTUGA-A-D)

Section

8-2.

2-9

(

CHAPTER

3

PDL

INITIALIZATION

The

initialization

routine

allows

the

user

to

tailor

the

PDL

software

to

the

unique

characteristics

of

specific

labaratory

instruments.

This

routine

is

a

communication

between

the

user

and

the

computer,

which,

through

a

series

of

questions

and

answers,

allows

individualized

configuration

of

the

system.

Initialization

of

the

system

with

a

particular

instrument

configuration

is

normally

required

only

once.

This

usually

is

when

the

system

is

installed.

From

then

on,

the

specified

instruments

may

be

used

with

the

PDL

system

on

a

daily

basis.

Once

the

desired

parameters

have

been

incorporated

into

the

PDL

system,

reinitialization

is

necessary

only

when a

configuration

change

is

required.

To

proceed

with

the

initialization

routine

it

is

necessary

to

know

the

following:

1.

The

laboratory

instrument

timing

2.

The

number

of

tests

to

be

reported

on

a

given

channel

for

one

sample

3.

The

buffer

size

of

each

channel

4.

The

physical

channels

to

which

the

instruments

are

connected

and

to

which

the

local

operator's

box

is

attached.

NOTE

At

the

end

of

each

user

communication

with

the

computer,

the

carriage

return

key

<CR)

must

be

pressed.

This

signifies

the

end

of

that

particular

dialogue

and

positions

the

printer

for

the

ne~t

communication.

3.1

CONSOLE

PROCEDURES

To

initialize

the

PDL

system

follow

the

procedure

below.

1.

Mount

the

PDL

systems

cassette

on

unit

O~

3-1

PDL

INITIALIZATION

2.

Press

down

the

halt

switch,

then

raise

it

to

the

ENABLE

(up)

position.

3.

Pre~s

the

UNLOCK

LOCK

switch

on

the

BOOT

panel

downward

and

hold

it

there.

4.

Press

switch

number

I

5.

Release

both

switches

A

line

of

text

now

appears

on

the

console

terminal:

BASIC

VOI-Ol

indicating

that

POL

utilizes

BASIC

as

its

base

language.

3.1.1

Option

Routine

NOTE

Asa

documentation

convention

in

this

manual,

the

system

or

computer

or

peripheral

device

"prints"

output

whereas

the

user

"types"

input.

Both

output

and

input

arephysica11yprinted

on

the

'same

device.

The

s~cond

line

of

dialogue

printed

is:

OPT

FNB

OPT FNS

is

an

abbreviation

for

"optional

functions"~

All

available

optional'

functions

have

been

incorporated

into

the

PDL

system"as

a

default.

However,

at

the

appearance

of

the

line

OPT

FNS

the

user

has

the

option

to

accept,

reject,

or

selectively

incorporate

this

feature.

(Refer

to

Appendix

A

fora

list

of

these

functions.)

To

"accept

the

system

with

a11

Press

the

carriage

return

key.

optional

functions

To.

selectively

accept

optional

Type

I

functions

To

accept

an

optional

function

Type

A

or

just

a

carriage

return

To

reject

an

optional

function

Type

N

If

the

user

types

I,

the

system

prints

the

jndividual

optional

functions

for

the

user

to

accept

or

reject.

After

'each

choice

~s

indicated

by

the

user's

typing

an

A

or

an

N,

pressing

the

carriage

return

key

causes

the

syste~.

to

PI"

int

the

function.

NOTE

Elimination

of

optional

functions

increases

program

space.

However,

make

3-2

"

C

,-.

(

\"

"

I

PDL

INITIALIZATION

sure

that

any

function

deleted

is

not

required

in

future

programs.

3.2

USER

FUNCTIONS

The

to

be

printed

is:

USER

FNS

LOADED

USER

FNS

is

an

abbreviation

for

"user

functions".

indicates

that

PDL

routines

have

been

loaded.

3.2.1

TERM

When

the

system

prints:

TERM:

This

message

the

user

types

in

the

number

that

designates

the

type

of

terminal

used.

PDL

uses

a

terminal

which

runs

at

300

baud

and

is

designated

by

a

1.

l<CR>

3.2.2

DATE

Next,

the

system

prints:

DATE:

The

correct

response

mmm=mon

th,

and

yy=year.

09-JUN-75

is

in

the

form

dd-mmm-yy,

A

typical

response

would

be:

where

dd=day,

If

the

date

is

not

typed

in

this

format,

the

system

prints

BAD

DATE,

and

requests

the

user

to

try

again~

After

the

correct

response,

the

system

prints:

READY

which

indicates

that

the

system

is

successfully

loaded.

PDL

is

now

awaiting

a

response

in

the

form

of

a

command,

a

program

line,

or

a

'name.

3-3

The

user

types:

If

the

BASIC

fail)

power

RUN

SETUP

PDL

INITIALIZATION

NOTE

computer

is

turned

off

while

is

oper<l,ting,

the

?PWF.

(power

error

message

is

printed

when

the

is

turned

on

again.

The

initialization

program

is

called

SETUP.

SETUP now

prints

out

the

namer:the

date,

and

the

BASIC.

version

number.

~he

initialization

program

has

begun.

The

computer

at

this

time

prints

first-time-initialization.

The

configuration

of

the

system.

The

system

then

prints:

out

questions

referring

to

user

is

asked

to

provide

the.

the

FIRST

TIME INITIALIZATION

PROGRAM.

PLEASE.

SPECIFY IN

RESPONSE

TO

THE

QUESTIONS

TYPED

HERE

THE

CONFIGURATION.

OF

YOUR

SYSTEM.

YOU

WILL

HAVE

TO

KNOW

THE

PHYSICAL

CHANNELS

TO

WHICH

YOUR

INSTRUMENTS

AND

H321

ARE

ATTACHED,

INSTRUMENT

TIMING,

THE

NUMBER

OF

TESTS

REPORTED

ON

A

CHANNEl.

FOR

ONE

SAMPLE

AND

THE

BUFFER

SIZE

FOR

EACH

CHANNEL.

ARE

YOU

READY

(YES

OR

NO)?

The

reSponse

to

this

is

Y

or

YES

for

yes..

If

NO

is

typed,

the

computer

prints:

THEN

START

ME

WHEN

YOU

ARE

.•

When

you'

are

ready

to

restart

this

sequence,

type

RUN

SETUP.

If

Y

is

typed,

the

system

requests

further

information

about

the

first

instrument

to

be

used.

The

computer

prints:

PLEASE GIVE

THE

INFORMATION

FOR

INSTRUMENT

NUMBER

1

TONHICH

PHYSICAL

CHANNEL

HAS

THE

INSTRUMENT

BEEN

CONNECTED.'

The

system

is

asking

for

the'

channelto

which

the

instrument

has

been

connected.

The

physical

channel

number

is

given

in

response:

o

<CR>

If

the

respOnse

to

the

question

is

a

number

between

0-15

the

system

prints:

THIS

IS

AN

ANALOG

CHANNEL.

If

the

response

is

16-31

the

system

prints:

THIS

IS

A DIGITAL

CHANNEL.

3-4

.,

(

.,

((

(

r,

(

/

I

(

PDL

INITIALIZATION

NOTE

~hannels

are

either

digital

or

analog,

depending

upon

the

instrument.

If

analog,

they

are

assigned

a

number

between

0-15.

Digital

channels

are

numbered

16

through

31.

The

incorrect

assignment

of

a

channel

will

result

in

an

error

message.

The

from

the

system

asks

which

channel

is

connected

to

the

local

operator

console~

The

answer

to

this

is

the

number

of

the

physical

channel

on

H322

distribution

panel.

Whenever

possible

it

should

be

the

same

as

the

channel

specified

for

the

instrument.

o

<CR>

The

system

asks

that

the

user

check

the

connection

of

the

H321

LOC

to

the

H322

distribution

panel.

The

message

printed

is:

CHECK

THAT

YOU

ARE

CONNECTED

TO

LOC

DR-II

(EITHER

0,1,

OR

2)

AND

THAT

YOU

ARE

USING TERMINALS * - i

computer

asks

for

the

type

of

instrument

in

use.

The

answer

to

this

is

one

of

the

following:

AA

indicating

Autoanalzer

SMA

indicating

SMA

6/60

or

12/60

CS

indicating

Coulter

Counter

Model

S

bTHER

indicating

instrument

type

is

not

one

of

the

above.

The

is:

HOW

MANY.

TESTS

ARE

MADE

ON

EACH

SAMPLE

.•

The

appropriate

response

to

this

is

the

number

of

results

per

sample.

For

example,

on

the

,SMA

6/60

there

are

six

results

per

sample.

On

the

coulter

model

S,

the

proper

response

is

10.

because

the

data

is

cycled

twice.

Then:

HOW

MANY

SAMPLES

ARE

PROCESSED PER

HOUR.

If

the

user

is

running

at

60

per.

hour,

the

response

would

be

60.

If

the

instrument

is

a

coulter

the

response

is:

WHAT

DELAY

DO

YOU

WANT

IN

SECONDS

EXPRESSED

TO

THE

NEAREST

0.01

SECOND.

The

delay

specified

should

be

between

40

and

120

miliseconds.We

recommend

use

of

100·

miliseconds

for

the

Coulter

"S",

so

you

would

type

0.10.

3-5

PDL

INITIALIZATION

the

system:

HOW

MANY

WORDS

DO

YOU

WANT

FOR

THIS INSTRUMENT'S BUFFER.

(One

word

is

required

for

each

test

result.)

When

running

at

60

per

hour

and

an

hour's

worth

of

data

must

be

stored

prior

to

printing,

the

response

would

be

60.

Buffer

space

is

allocated

in

l~WOId

increments.

NOTE

When

indicating

buffer

space

it

ia

important

to

.'.

allocate

only

that

space

which

is

available.

To

change

this

parameter

once

established,

see

the

PDL

Programmers

Manual.

The

system

then

informs

the

useI

how

many

words

of

buffer

space

are

left

after

each

instrument's

requirements

have

been

allocated.

After

this

the

system

asks:

DO

YOU

HAVE

ANOTHER

INSTRUMENT.

If

the

response

is

YES,

the

procedure

is

repeated

for

the

second

instrument.

This

process

continues

for

a.1,l

the

instruments

in

use.

Theresp6nse

of

NO

causes

an

exit

from

this

routine.

The

computer

at

this

time

prints

a

summary

(see

example

below)'

of

all

the

parameters

specified,

and

asks

the

user

for

verification

by

printing:

CHECK

THE

ABOVE

SU~MARY.

IS

IT

OK?

The

user

response

is:

Y

or

YES

N

or

NO

This

is

the

last

chance

for

corrections.

Once

Y ..

is

typed,

all

the

parameters

become

part

of

the

.PDL

.system

in

memory

and

a

save

file

containing

these

parameters

is

stored

on

the

cassette

on

Unit

O.

Computer

prints:

MOUNT

CASSETTE

FOR

SAVE

ON

UNIT

ZERO

AND

PRESS

RETURN.

KEY

Computer

prints:

SYSTEM

INITIALIZATION

IS

COMPLETE.

AN

ASCII

FILE

NAMED

PDLSAV.DAT

HAS

BEEN

CREATED

WHICH

CONTAINS

ALL

OF

YOUR

SYSTEM

PARAMETERS.

ITS

CONTENTS

ARE:

A

list

of

the

contents

is

tben

printed

onto

the

DECwritet.

3-6

(

'(

(

'~'

(~

"

<,

(

PDL

INITIALIZATION

NOTE

~hannels

are

either

digital

or

analog,

depending

upon

the

instrument.

If

analog,

they

are

assigned

a

number

between

0-15.

Digital

channels

are

numbered

16

through

31.

The

incorrect

assignment

of

a

channel

will

result

in

an

error

message.

The

from

the

system

asks

which

channel

is

connected

to

the

local

operator

console.

The

answer

to

this

is

the

number

of

the

physical

channel

on

H322

distribution

panel.

Whenever

possible

it

should

be

the

same

as

the

channel

specified

for

the

instrument.

o

<CR>

The

system

asks

that

the

user

check

the

connection

of

the

H32l

LOC

to

the

H322

distribution

panel.

The

message

printed

is:

CHECK

THAT

YOU

ARE

CONNECTED

TO

LOC

DR-ll

(EITHER

0,1,

OR

2)

AND

THAT

YOU

ARE

USING

TERMINALS

# - #

computer

asks

for

the

type

of

instrument

in

use.

The

answer

to

this

is

one

of

the

following:

AA

indicating

Autoanalzer

SMA

indicating

SMA

6/60

or

12/60

CS

indicating

Coulter

Counter

Model

S

OTHER

indicating

..

instrument

type

is

not

one

of

the

above.

The

is:

HOW

MANY

TESTS

ARE

MADE

ON

EACH

SAMPLE.

The

appropriate

response

to

this

is

the

number

of

results

per

sample.

For

example,

on

the

SMA

6/60

there

are

six

results

per

sample.

On

the

coulter

model

S,

the

proper

response

is

10~

because

the

data

is

cycled

twice.

Then:

HOW

MANY

SAMPLES

ARE

PROCESSED PER

HOUR.

If

the

user

is

running

at

60

per.

hour,

the

response

would

be

60.

If

the

instrument

is

a

coulter

the

response

is:

WHAT

DELAY

DO

YOU

WANT

IN

SECONDS

EXPRESSED

TO

THE

NEAREST

0.01

SECOND.

The

delay

specified

should

be

between

40

and

120

recommend

use

of

100

miliseconds

for

the

Coulter

type

0.10.

3-5

miliseconds.

We

"8",

so

you

would

PDL

INITIALIZATION

the

system:

HOW

MANY

WORDS

DO

YOU

WANT

FOR

THIS INSTRUMENT'S BUFFERt

(One

word

is

required

for

each

test

result.)

When

running

at

60

per

hour

and

an

hour's

worth

of

data

must

be

stored

prior

to

printing,

the

response

would

be

60.

Buffer

space

is

allocated

in

l~word

increments.

NOTE

When

indicating

buffer

space

it

is

important

to

allocate

only

that

space

which

is

available.

To

change

this

parameter

once

established,

see

the

PD'L

Programmers

Manual.

The

system

then

informs

the

USer

how

many

words

of

buffer

space

are

left

after

each

instrument's

requirements

have

been

allocated.

After

this

the

system

asks:

DO

YOU

HAVE

ANOTHER

INSTRUMENT.

If

the

response

is

YES,

the

procedure

is

repeated

for

the

second

instrument.

This

process

continues

for

all

the

instruments

in

use.

The

response

of

NO

causes

an

exit

from

this

routine.

The

computer

at

this

time

prints

a

summary

(see

example

below)

of

all

the

parameters

specified,

and

asks

the

user

..

for

verification

by

pr

inting:

CHECK

THE

ABOVE

SUMMARY.

IS

IT

OK?

The

user

response

is:

Y

or

YES

N

or

NO

This

is

the

last

chance

for

corrections.

OnceY

is

typed,

all

the

parameters

b~come

part

of

the

PDL

system

in

memory

and

a

save

file

containing

these

parameters

is

stored

on

the

cassette

on

Unit

O.

Computer

prints:

MOUNT

CASSETTE

FOR

SAVE

ON

UNIT

ZERO

AND

PRESS

RETURN

KEY

Computer

pr

ints:

SYSTEM

INITIALIZATION

IS

COMPLETE.

PDLSAV.DAT

HAS

BEEN

CREATED

WHICH

SYSTEM

PARAMETERS.

ITS

CONTENTS

ARE:

AN

ASCII

FILE-

NAMED

CONTAINS 'ALL

OF

YOUR

A

list

of

the

contents

is

then

printed

onto

the

DECwriter.

3-6

((

.'-..

-,

(

t·

>,

(

\

c·

/

(

\.

PDL

INITIA.LIZATTON

The

computer

then

prints:

STOP

AT

LINE 50

READY

NOTE

If

initialization

parameters.

are

to

be

included

on

the

PDL

System

cassette,

that

cassette

should

be

mounted

on

unit

o.

This

cassette

will

be

used

on

a

daily

basis.

It

is

advisable

to

copy

this

system

onto

another

cassette

to

save

as

backup.

The

following

is

an

example

dialog

of

the

Setup

Routine:

FIRST

TIME

SYSTEM

INITIALIZATION

PROGRAM

..

PLEASE

SPECIFY

IN

RESPONSE

TO

THE

QUESTIONS

TYPED

HERE

THE

CONFIGURATION

OF

YOUR

SYSTEM.

YOU

WILL

HAVE

TO

KNOW

THE

PHYSICAL

CHANNELS

TO

WHICH

YOUR

INSTRUMENTS

AND

H321S

ARE

ATTACHEDr

INSTRUMENT

~IMING,

THE

NUMBER

OF

TESTS

REPORTED

ON

A

CHANNEL

FOR

ONE

SAMPLE,

AND

THE

BUFFER

SIZE

FOR

EACH

CHANNEL.

.

ARE

YOU

READY

(YES

OR

NO)

1>

YES

PLEASE

GIVE

THE

INFORMATION

FOR

INSTRUMENT

NUMf.fER

1

TO

WHICH

PHYSICAL

CHANNEL

HAS

THE

INSTRUMENT

BEEN

CONNECTErl?

0

THIS

IS

AN

ANALOG

SHANNEL

TO

WHICH

CHANNEL

IS

THE

LOC

CONNECTED?

0

CHECK

THAT

YOU

ARE

CONNECTED

TO

LOC

DR...,11

" 0

AND

THAT

YOU

ARE

USING

TERMINALS

0 - 2

WHAT

INSTRUMENT

ARE

YOU

.USING

(AA,SMA,CS"OTHER)?

SMA

HOW

MANY

TESTS

ARE

MADE

ON

EACH

SAMPLE?

6

HOW

MANY

SAMPLES

ARE

PROCESSED

PER

HOUR?

60

HOW

MANY

WORDS

DO

YOU

WANT

FOR

THIS

INSTRUMENT'S

BUFFER

(ONE

WORD

IS

REQUIRErl

FOR

EACH

TEST

RESULD?

200

YOU

HAVE

USED

200

WORDS

SO

FAR.

DO

YOU

HAVE

ANOTHER

INSTRUMENT?

Y

PLEASE

GIVE

THE

INFORMATION

FOR

INSTRUMENT

NUMBER

2

TO

WHICH

PHYSICAL)

CHANNEL

HAS

THE

INSTRUMEIitT

BEEN

CONNECTED?

1 .

THIS

IS

AN

ANALOG

CHANNEL

TO

WHI~H

CHANNEL

IS

THE

LOC

CONNECTED?

I

CHECK

THAT

YOU

ARE

CONNECTED

TO

LOC

DR-ll

:J 0

AND

THAT

YOU

ARE

USING

TERMINALS

3

_.

5

WHAT

INSTRUMENT

ARE

YOU

USlNG

(AA,SMA,CS"OTHER)?

AA

HOW

MANY

TESTS

ARE

MADE

ON

EACH

SAMPLE?

1

HOW

MANY

SAMPLES

ARE

PROCESSED

PER

HOUR?

60

How

MANY

WORDS

DO

YOU

WANT

FOR

THIS

INSTRUMENT'S

BUFFER

(ONE

WCJRD

IS

REQUIRED

FOR

EACH

TEST

RESUL

n?

60·.

YOU

HAVE

USED

260

WORDS

SO

FAR.

3-7

.

PDL

INITIALIZATION

DO

YOU

HAVE

ANOTHER

INSTRUMENT?

Y

PLEASE

GIVE

THE

INFORMATION

FOR

INSTRUMENT

NUMBER

3

TO

WHICH

PHYSICAL

CHANNEL

HAS

THE

INSTRUMENT

BEEN

CONNECTED?

16

THIS

IS

A DIGITAL

CHANNEL

TO

WHICH

CHANNEL

IS

THE

LOC

CONNECTED?

3

CHECK

THAT

YOU

ARE

CONNECTED

TO

LOC

DR-11 • 0

AND

THAT

YOU

ARE

USING

TERMINALS

9 - 11

WHAT

INSTRUMENT

ARE

YOU

USING

(AA,SMA,CS,OTHER)?

CS

HOW

MANY

TESTS

ARE

MADE

ON

EACH

SAMPLE?

10

.

WHAT

DELAY

DO

YOU

WANT

IN

SECONDS

EXPRESSED

TO

THE

NEAREST

0.01

SECOND?

0.10

HOW

MANY

WORDS

DO

YOU

WANT

FOR

THIS

INSTRUMENT'S

BUFFER

(ONE

WORD

IS

REQUIRED

FOR

EACH

TEST

RESULT)?

200

YOU

HAVE

USED

460

WORDS

SO

FAR.

DO

YOU

HAVE

ANOTHER

INSTRUMENT?

Y

PLEASE

GIVE

THE

INFORMATION

FOR

INSTRUMENT

NUMBER

4

TO

WHICH

PHYSICAL

CHANNEL

HAS

THE

INSTRUMENT

BEEN

CONNECTED?

2

THIS

IS

AN

ANALOG

CHANNEL

TO

WHICH

CHANNEL

IS

THE

LOC

CONNECTED?

2

CHECK

THAT

YOU

ARE

CONNECTED

TO

LOC

DR-l1

:ft:

0

AND

THAT

YOU

ARE.

USING

TERMINALS

6 - 8

WHAT

INSTRUMENT

ARE

YOU

USING

(AA,SMA,CS,OTHER)?

OTHER

GIVE

INSTRUMENT

TYPE.

O=SINGLE

NUMBER,

l=PEAK,

2=PLATEAU,

3=ON

DEMAND?

3

GIVE

THE

DATA

TYPE.

O=ANALOG,

l=BINARY,

2=BCD?

0

HOW

MANY

TESTS

ARE

MADE

ON

EACH

SAMPLE?

1

WHAT

DELAY

DO

YOU

WANT

IN

SECONDS

EXPRESSED

TO

THE

NEAREST

0.01

SECOND?

0

HOW

MANY

WORDS

DO

YOU

WANT

FOR

THIS

INSTRUMENT'S

BUFFER

(ONE

WORD

IS

REQUIRED

FOR

EACH

TEST

RESULT)?

100

YOU

HAVE

USED

560

WORDS

SO

FAR.

DO

YOU

HAVE

ANOTHER

INSTRUMENT?

N

INSTRUMENT

NUMBER

1 :

IS

ON

CHANNEL

0

WITH

LOC

i 0

INSTRUMENT

TYPE

IS

2 ,

DATA

TYPE

IS

0

THERE

ARE

6

TESTS

PER

SAMPLE

AT

A

RATE

BUFFER

WORDS

ALLOCATED=

200

OF

10

SECONDS

PER

TEST.

INSTRUMENT

NUMBER

2 :

IS

ON

CHANNEL

1

WITH

LOC

• 1

INSTRUMENT

TYPE

IS

1 ,

DATA

TYPE

IS

0

NOTE:

NUMBER

OF

TESTS

IN

SAVE

FILE

IS

2

THERE

ARE

1

TESTS

PER

SAMPLE

AT

A

RATE

OF

BUFFER

WORDS

ALLOCATED=

60

INSTRUMENT

NUMBER

3 :

IS

ON

CHANNEL

16

WITH

LOC

i 3

INSTRUMENT

TYPE

IS

0 ,

DATA

TYPE

IS

2

3-8

60

SECONDS

PER

TEST.

(

(/

\.

{

(

c

PDL

INITIALIZATION

THERE

ARE

10

TESTS

PER

SAMPLE

WITH

A

DELAY

OF

.1

SECONDS

PER

TEST.

BUFFER

WORDS

ALLOCATED~

200

INSTRUMENT

NUMBER

4 :

IS

ON

CHANNEL

2

WITH

LOC

t 2

INSTRUMENT

TYPE

IS

3 ,

DATA

TYPE

IS

0

THERE

ARE

1

TESTS

PER

SAMPLE.

BUFFER

WORDS

ALLOCATED=

100

CHECK

THE

ABOVE

SUMMAR~.

IS

IT

ALL

RIGHT?

Y

3-9

(,'"

-.

C

•·

"

'.

l

CHAPTER

4

USING

PDL

Once

the

installation

and

initialization

of

the

system

are

completed,

the

system

may

be

run

on

a

daily

basis.

Each

daily

procedure

requires

the

same

fixed

dialogue.

NOTE

Use

the

cassette

that

contains

the

PDL

system

and

the

save

files.

To

10adPDL,

and

the

configuration

save

files,

and

also

to

start

the

system,

follow

the

instructions

below.

1.

Place

PDL

system

cassette

on

unit

o.

,This

cassette

should

contain

the

initialization

file.

2.

Hold

down

the

LOCK/UNLOCK

switch

in

the

unlock

position

and

press

the

switch

marked

1.

The

tape

begins

to

move ,and

copies

PDL

into

memory.

When

it

completes

this

,task,

the

computer

responds

wi

th

the

system

identification

and

version

number:

BASIC/CAPS

VOl

The

computer

then

prints:

OPT

FNS

To

which

the

user

replies

with

a

carriage

return,

unless

other

options

are

to

be

specified.

Refer

to

optional

functions

in

the

CAPS/BASIC

Users

Guide.

<CR)

NOTE

IfNis

"typed,

no

options

are

included

and

the

available

program

space

is

increased

by

approximately

600

words.

'

The

computer

prints:

USR

,FNS

LOADED

4-1

USING

PDL

This

allows

insertion

of

user

functions.

followed

by

a

carriage

return.

The

is

which

terminal:

TERM:

The

answer

to

this

is:

1

<CR>

The

response

to

this

is

This

indicates

that

the

terminal

is

running

at

300

baud

(see

Section

1.3.1).

The

computer's

is:

DATE:

The

reply

is

as

before,dd-mmm-yy,

where

dd=the

day,

mmm=the

month

and

yy=the

year,

Example:

l2,...OCT-75<CR>

The

system

is

now

successfully

loaded.

It

prints:

READY

The

user

now

types:

PDL

<Ca.>

This

response

loads

the

PDL

system

save

file

(the

instrument

parameters),

turils

on

all

applicable

LOC

box

lights,

and

initializes

all

instrument

channels

for

the

daily

run.

The

comput.er

is

ready

to

accept

data

from

the

user's

analyzer

•.

A

flashing

light

oil a

local

console

box

indicates

that

the

associated

channel

is

ready

to··

receive

information.

It

is

good

practice

to

remove

thePDL

save

cassette

so

that

it

cannot

be

written

on.

NOTE

If

t.he

instrument

in

use

is

a

peak

or

plateau

devic~(i~e.~

an

autoanaly~er

or

an

SMA),

the

recorder

must

be

adj

usted

.

to

zero

baseline

after

appropriate

warmup-and

calibration

procedures.

It

is

important

that

all

baselines

are

at

zero·

before

the

start

button

on

LOC

is

pressed.

When

the

start

button

is

pressed,

data

acquisition

begins

at

the

first

.significant

pen

rise.

The

data

is

transferred

to

a

temporary

storage

area.

When

the

buffer

area

becomes

75%

full,

the

middle

light

on

the

local

operator

IS·

console-

(H321)

begins

to

flash.

Until

the

light

starts

flashing

the

user

can:

1.

Do

calculation

in

the

immediate

mode.

4-2

(

.-

(

c

(

(.

(

USING

PDL

2.

Develop

new

programs

in

BASIC.

3.

Execute

previously

written

programs.

A

previously

written

user

program

(a

report

generator)

may

be

used

to

take

stored

data

and

write

it

out

in

the

form

of

a

report.

This

may

be

done

at

any

time

and

is

at

the

user's

discretion.

However,

when

the

buffer

becomes

75%

full

the

middle

warning

light

on

the

Local

Operator's

Console

begins

to

flash.

It

is

time

to

empty

the

buffer.

Failure

to

do

this

at

this

time

results

in

a

buffer

overflow.

A

buffer

overflow

caus~s

the

middle

light

to

become

steady.

At

this

time

no

further

data

will

be

moved

into

the

buffer.

Time

elapses

between

the

beginning

of

the

flashing

(warning)

light

and

the

buffer

overflow

and

is

approximately

a

quarter

of

the

time

required

to

fill

up

the

buffer.

.Regular

use

of

the

Report

Generation

program

prevents

buffer

overflow.

.

NOTE

If

buffer

overflow

has

occurred,

it

is

necessary

to

stop

the

instrument,

run

the

report

generator

program

and

restart

the

instruments

at

baseline.

The

procedure

to

run

report

generator

program

or

any

other

previously

written

BASIC

program

is

as

follows:

when

the

terminal

is

sitting·

idle

and

has

typed

READY,

place

the

cassette

containing

the

desired

program

on

unit

1.

Type

the

RUN

command

followed

by

the

name

of

the

program

which

will

report

patient

data.

Example:

for

a

program

namedRGEN,

type

the

following:

RUNl:RGEN(CR)

The

information

in

the

buffer

(i.e.,

patient

data)

will

then

be

printed

on

the

console

terminal.

When

this

has

been

completed

the

terminal

responds

with

READY

and

another

program

can

be

run.

.

NOTES

1.

If

the

results

produced

during

instrument

checkout

or

calibration

are

not

to

be

stored

in

memory,

they

should

be

perfomed

prior

to

pressing

the

start

button.

Caution:

be

sure

the

instrument

is

back

to

baseline

before

starting

acquisition.

2,

During

the

time

that

PDL

is

acquiring

data

from

the

user's

instruments,

the

computer

c.an

be

used

for

calculating,

for

quality

control,

or

to

run

any

other

program

wr

itten

in

BASIC.

4-3

(

CHAPTER

5

PDL

ERROR

MESSAGES

An

error

message

is

produced

whenever

PDL

encounters

a

condition

which

conflicts

with

the

program's

normal

functional

procedure.

The

purpose

of

an

error

message

is

to

advise

the

programmer

of

a

problem

and

suggest

suitable

corrective

action.

Under

such

circumstances,

the

execution

of

the

erroneous

command

or

statement

is

either

terminated"

or

suspended,

depending

on

the

severity

of

the

error.

The

appropriate

error

message

is

then

printed

on

the

console

terminal.

Errors

fall

into

two

categories:

Fatal

errors

Nonfatal

errors

A

fatal

error

cancels

all

work

in

progress.

The

corresponding

fatal

error

message

is

printed

and

PDL

then

returns

to

the

ready

state,

awaiting

further

instructions.

Although

a

fatal

error

does

not

stop

data

acquisition

it

does

cause

loss

of

data.

Therefore,

after

the

error

has

been

corrected,

the

program

must

be

restarted

from

the

beginning.

"A

nonfatal

error

has

less

drastic

results.

An

error

message

is

printed

out

while

the

particular

statement

or

command,

which

caused

the

fault,

is

merely

suspended

pending

corrective

action

by

the

programmer.

Data

is

retained

during

this

procedure,

PDL

continues

with

the

program

as

if

it

had

not

been

interrupted.

Error

messages

appear"

in

one

of

two

formats:

Format

one:

?xxx

(Immediate

Mode)

where

xxx

consists

of

an

abbreviation

(for

example,

?FNO:

file

not

open)

denoting

the

error

condition.

Format

two:

message

at

line

nnnn

where

nnnn

is

the

line

number

of

the

statement

causing

the

error.

The

following

error

conditions

apply

specifically

to

PDL. Any

error

condition

not

found

in

this

section

may

be

considered

to

be

a

BASIC-CAPS-II

error

condition.

A

list

of

BASIC

CAPS-II

error

conditions,

together

with

their

corresponding

remedial

actions,

is

contained

in

Appendix

B.

PDL

ERROR

CONDITIONS:

5-1

Message

RSC

NMB

DTS

TMD

CHN

TIM

CTO

PDL

ERROR

MESSAGES

FATAL

ERRORS

Explanation

Reinitialization

Size

Change.

Tried

to

change

channel

buffer

area

after

specified

by

initialization.

The

channel

buffer

size

can

be

changed

only

by

means

of

the

initialization

program

(SETUP) •

Remedy

Create

new

save

file

initialization.

program

or

specified.

by

rerunning

system~

use

the

original

buffer

No

More

Buffer.

Insufficierit

butfer.

space

for

all

channel

combined.

Remedy

Re-allocate

less

buffer

space

per

channel.

Dimension

Too

Small.

Data

or

flag

array

was

dimensioned

with

an

array

to

small

to

hold

data~

Remedy

Change

dimension

statement

in

BASIC

program.

Too Much

Data.

(CKBF). More

data

than'

specified

with

Remedy

Reinitialiie,

or

change

the

argument

in

CKBF.

'CHaNnel

specifications

error.

Wrong

caNnel

or

no

caNnel

specfied

with

ROBS

t

eKBS,

BFST, CLBS" STAT,

HLTC,· STRC,

LOC.

Remedy

Correct

the

channel

or

reinitialize.

TIMing

error.

Clock

routine

is

overworked.

Remedy

Remove

instrument

that

has

excessively

high

data

rate,

and

refer

the

problem

to

a

programmer

for

program

an~lysis

and

correction.

Clock

Table

Overflow.

delays

requested.

5-2

Too

many

instruments

with

(

/

(

NDC-#

PDL

ERROR

MESSAGES

Remedy

Remove

a

delay

instrument,

and

refer

the

problem

to

a

programmer

for

program

analysis

and

correction.

NON-FATAL

ERRORS

Interface

not

connected

to

computer.

Remedy

One

of

the

interfaces

required

for

operation

of

this

channel

(AR-ll,

DR-II,

etc.)

is

missing

or

inoperative.

Fix

or

insert

proper

interface.

REINITON

CHN#

This

channel

has

been

initialized

previously.

Flashing

light

on

H321

LOC

out

of

Sync.

Observe

error

by

noting

erroneous

re-

sults

from

ins-

trument.

SMA

0-7

AA

0-7

Remedy

warning

only.

INSTRUMENT ERRORS

Buffer

overflow.

Too

much

data

acquired

for

specified

channel

buffer.

Instrument

and

computer

out

of

sync.

INSTRUMENT READING

ERROR

Noise

level.

The

number

(which

will

be

between

o

and

7)

shows

the

deviation

from

the

means

of

the

SMA. 1

Deviation

=

1.6%

Noise

level.

Indicates

the

level

of

peak

and

the

number

representing

Peak

are

out

of

Sync.

See

PDL

Programming

manual

for

instrument

errors.

5-3

REMEDY

Re-evaluate

buffer

space

allocated

Restart

instrument.

REMEDY

Re-evaluate

Re-evalute.

(

'-,

(

CHAPTER

6

BASIC

LANGUAGE

INTRODUCTION

BASIC

is

a

conversational

programming

language.

It

is

one

of

the

easiest

computer

languages

to

learn.

The

English-like

statements

found

in

BASIC,

together

with

the

familiar

mathematical

notations,

make

BASIC a

direct

yet

simple

language

that

allows

intricate

problems

to

be

expressed

and

performed

with

ease

and

efficiency.

BASIC CAPS

is

an

individually

tailored

BASIC

language

used

in

a

cassette-based

operating

system.

BASIC

CAPS

has

been

chosen

for

use

witb

PDL

because

of

its

simplicity

and

because

the

data

file

structure

helps

in

the

quick

understanding,

development,

and

versatile

utilization

of

PDL.

6.1

BASIC

CAPABILITI~S

BASIC

has

the

capability

of

operating

in

either

the

programmed

mode

or

the

immediate

mode.

BASIC

is

in

the

programmed

mode

when

a

computer

program

is

actually

being

manipulated

within

the

computer,

and

the

core

memory

is

being

used

for

storage

of

data.

When

the

computer

is

used

as

a

desk

calculator,

BASIC

is

in

immediate

mode.

In

the

immediate

mode,

temporary

data

such

as

calcula.tions

are

handled

quickly.

Such

data

is

erased

by

subsequent

calculations.

BASIC

consists

of

statements,

commands,

and

functions,

each

of

which

is

designed

to

make

BASIC

an

effective

computer

tool.

A

number

at

the

beginning

of

a BASIC

statement

is

the

criterion

by

which

,BASIC

determines

the

mode

treatment

of

that

particular

statement.

The

presence

of

such

a

number

indicates

the

programmed

mode.

The

absence

of

such

a

number

dictates

immediate

mode.

Thus,

the

computer

easily

distinguishes

between

the

two

modes.

If

a

line

is

preceded

by

a

line

number,

the

line

is

stored

internally

but

not

executed.

If

no

line

number

precedes

the

statement,

the

line

is

executed

immediately.

Examples:

10

PRINT "TEST PERIOD IN

HOURS"

(programmed

mode)

PRINT "TEST PERIOD IN

HOURS"

(immediate

mode)

The

above

two

statements

are

shown

as

representative

examples

of

the

two

individual

modes.

These

modes

are

not

interchangeable

within

a

given

program

or

calculation.

6-1

. '

BASIC

LANGUAGE

INTRODUCTION

The

first

statement

is

treated

internally

as

an

integral

part

of

a

given

"program.

The

second

statement

is

treated

as

a

transitional

(,'('

"',

statement

and

is

executed

immediately.

The

only

Way

to

save

immediate

data

is

to

have

the

results

written

onto

either

a

cassette

or

a

printer.

6.2

IMMEDIATE

MODE

The

immediate

mode

feature

greatly

enhances

the

user's

ability

to

obtain

quick

results

to

immediate

problems,

while

avoiding

the

time

and

nec$ssity

for

writing

a

program.

This

feature

is

especially

useful

for

debugging

purposes

and

is

of

particular

interest

where

simple

or

infrequent

calculations

are

to

be

performed

•.

Example:

immediate

calculation

of

the

CREATININE

CLEARANCE

TEST.

PRINT

100*1000/(1.1*1440)

The

calbu1ated

res~l

ts

of

this

statement

are'

wr i

tten

onto

the

printer,'

immediately.

The

calculation

itself

is

not

retained.

6.3

PROGRAMMED

MODE

(

The

number

placed

at

the

beginning

of

each

statement

in

the

programmed

mode

is

an

ideal

identifier

for

each

statement

within

a

program.

The

«

statement

number

may

be

as

long

as

five

digits.

All

statements

are

~,

executed

in

their

numerical

sequence

regardless,

of

the

orde,r

in

which

they

were

originally

typed.

To

allow

easy,

insertion

of

additional

statements

at

a

later

time,

statement

numbering

should

be

written

in

increments

of

10.

'

Example:

10

20

30

statement

one

statement

two

statement

three

etc

•••

6.3.1

Statements

Each

statement

(with

or

without

a

number)

begins

with

a

directive.

This

is

an

English

word

that

specifies

the

type

of

operation

to

be

performed

by

the

part

of

the

statement

which

follows.

One

such

directive

is

PRINT.

Example:

Immediate

mode

statement

PRINT "CREATININE

CLEARANCE

CALCULATION"

The

results

on

the

specified

terminal

would

be:

CREATININE

CLEARANCE

CALCULATION

6-2

(

BASIC

LANGUAGE

INTRODUCTION

BASIC

statements

are

usually

written

as

I-line

statements.

This

is

a

recommended

procedure

for

ease

of

reading,

program

maintenance,

and

d2bugging.

When

space

is

limited

or

when

the

incremental

nature

of

a

program

does

not

permit

additional

numeric

insertions,

multistatement

lines

may

be

used.

A

multistatement

line

consists

of

two

or

more

statements

written

on

the

same

line.

Each

statement

is

preceded

by

a

backslash

and

in

the

case

of

programmed

mode,

all

are

referenced

collectively

by

the

number

placed

at

the

beginning

of

the

line.

Example:

I11ultistatement

line

programmed

mode

20

PRINT

X=II\LET

X=IO\PRINT

X,Y Z

Example:

statement

line

statement

Immediate

mode

LET

A=7\PRINT

A

The

immediate

results

on

the

specified

terminal

~ould

be:

7

NOTE

Fora

list

of

BASIC

statements,

commands

and

functions

refer

to

Appendix

A

of

this

manual.

6.4

MATHEMATICAL

OPERATIONS

BASIC

performs

all

the

standard

mathematical

operations:

addition

A+B

sUQtraction

A-B

multiplication

A*B

division

A/B

exponentiaion

A~B

BASIC

also

performs

relational

operations,

evaluates

expressions,

processes

character

strings,

and

uses

variables.

All

these

features

are

explained

in

the

following

paragraphs.

6.4.1

Relational

Operation

Relational

operations

are

alphabetic

expressions

used

to

compare

arithmetic

values.

The

usual

relational

operations

are

as

follows:

equals

less

than

.greater

than

not

equal

A=B

A(B

A)B

A<>B

6.4.2

Evaluation

of

Expressions

6-3

BASIC

LANGUAGE

INTRODUCTION

An

expression

is

a

group

of

numbers,

variables,

or

functions

that

are

separated

by

arithmetic

or

relational

operators.

Such

expressions

may

be

used

individually

or

in

combination.

Example:

A7*(B+2-1)

6.4.3

Character

Strings

A

character

string

is

a

sequence

of

characters

treated

as

a

single

unit.

A

string

may

consist

of

letters,

numbers,

special

characters,

or

any

combination

thereo£.

A

character

string

may

be

the

program's

message

to

the

operator.

Example:

PRINT "CREATININE

CLEARANCE

TEST"

All

characters

between

the

quotes

are

considered

part

of

the

character

string.

A

character

string

enclosed

in

quotes

is

known

as

a

string

constant.

Example:

"NAME"

A

string

constant

maY'also

be

used

to

assign

a

value

to

a

string

variable.

().

4.4

Variable

A

variable

is

defined

as

a

single

alphabetic

character

or

an

alphabetic

character

followed

by

a

single

numeric

character.

An

example

of

an

alphanumeric

variable

is

the

algebraic

symbol

A2.

A

variable

is

used

as

the

name

of

the

storage

location

for

data.

This··

allows

the

user

to

store,

update,

and

retrieve·

data

by

using

the

location

name

(variable).

Values

are

usually

assigned

to

variables

by

indicating

the

value

in

.a

"LET"

statement.

Example:

LET

X=l.

PRINT

1

Here

the

value

I

is

~ssigned

to

X

and

the

value

is

printed.

Variables

may

be:

singular

subscripted

string

variable

A2

A2(2)

A$

A

singular

variable

has

the

following

formats:

6-4

(

(~

-,

(

BASIC

LANGUAGE

INTRODUCTION

single

character

single

character

plus

single

digit

Example

A

or

T

B3

It

is

called

a

singular

assigned

to

it

at

a

time.

replacs

the

old

value.

variable

because

it

has

Ohly.

one

value

If

a

new

value

is

assigned

to

a

variable

it

Unacceptable

formats

are:

numbers

number

plus'

letter

two

letters

Example

I

or

22

2C

RS

Subscripted

variables

have

the

following

format:

(

Example

(.

(

Single

letter

followed

Z(3)

by

a

number·or

numbers

in

parenthes&s.

The

number

in

parentheses

indicates

the

element

w~thin

the

variable

group

that

is

being

referenced.

The

above'

example

shows

that

the

third

element

of

group

2

is

being

referepced.

The

statement

LET

Z(3)=5

assigns

the

value

5

to

the

example·

above.

A

list

can

be

considered

a

matrix

of

one

di~ension:

and

2-dimensional

matrices

(i.e.,

doubly

subscripted

variables)

are

often

used

with

data

having

two

parameters.

Example:

T(2,5)

which

references

the

element

of

matrix

T

that

is

in

row

5,

column

2.

String

variables

a\low

the

setting

up

of

a

group

of

characters

as

a

unit

Le.,

a

si~~le

variable.

A

string

cah

be

composed

of

letters,

numbers,

spaces,

or

combinations

of

any

of

the~e.

Refer

to

the

BASIC

Language

Reference

Manual.

The

following

demonstration

program

introduces

the

us~r

to

BASIC.

of

the

uses

of

a

string

variable

is

to

store,

compare

text.

statement

A$=B$

implies

that

the

text

strings

A$

and

B$

alphabetically

identical.

EXAMPLE

PROGRAM

One

The

are

This

program

performs

the

calculation

of.

Creatinine

Clearance.

Each

statement

performs

the

action

described

to

the

rig~t

of

the

statement.

For

example,

the

first

statement,

PRINT "CREATININE

CLEARANCE

TEST",

directs

the

computer

to

print

on

the

term

in

tal

.themessage

between

the

quotes.

BASIC

LANGUAGE

INTRODUCTION

STATEMENT

ACTION

OF

STATEMENT

10

PRINT

"CREATINE

CLEARANCE

TEST"

print~

on

the

terminal

20 PRINT

"TYPE

VOLUME

OF

URINE

COLLECTED

IN

30

INPUT

V ML"; .

40 PRINT "TEST PERIOD IN

HOURS";

50 PRINT T

60

LET

T=T*60

70 PRINT

"URINE

CREATININE

CONCENTRATION";

.80

INPUT

U

90 PRINT

"SERUM

CREATININE

CONCENTRATION"';

110

INPUT

P

120

PRINT

"DO

YOU

WISH

BODY

AREA

CORRECTION";

130

INPUT

Y$

.

140

LET

A=l 73

150

IF

Y$="Y"

THEN

160

iF

Y$<>"YES"

THEN

190

160

PRINT

"BODY

AREA

IN

SQUARE

METERS";

170

INPUT

A

180

IF

A=O

THEN

120

190

PRINT

"ML

OF

PLASMA

CLEARED

PER

MINUTE

=";

200 PRINT

Q*V\(P*T)*(l

73/A)

210 PRINT

"ANOTHER

CALCULATION";

220

INPUT

Y$

230

IF

Y$="Y"

THEN

20

240

STOP

Accepts

ur

ine

vol

ume

typed

on

terminal

and

Gives

V

the

value

Assigns

th~value

t*60

to

the

variable

t

Check

answer

and

direct

program

cont.rol

to

line

indicated

after

THEN

Per

forms

the

calculation

Terminates

the

program

Wh.

en

the

I?rogram

is

runnin9,

the

following

dialog

willbe

printed

on

the

term~nal.

The

underl~ned

sections

are

the

operator's

response

to

the

program

request

for

input.

RUN

CCTC

BASIC

VOl-OS

CREATININE

CLEARANCE

TEST

TYPE

VOLUME

OF

URINE

COLLECTED

IN ML?1000

TEST

PERIOD

IN

HOURS?24

URINE

CREATININE

CONCENTRATION?100

SERUM

CREATININE

CONCENTRATION?lOO

DO

YOU

WISH

BODY

AREA

CORRECTION?N

ML

OF

PLASMA

CLEARED

PER

MINUTE

=

69.4444

ANOTHER

CALCULATION?N

STOP

AT

LINE 250

READY

6-6

(

((

(

/

(

\;'

..

BASIC

LANGUAGE

INTRODUCTION

NOTE

All

numbers

within

BASIC

to

be

decimal

numbers.

point

is

not

shown,

it

·follow

the

last

digit.

6-7

are

considered

If

the

decimal

is

assumed

to

(

CHAPTER

7

REPORT

GENER~TORS

.'

.

This

chapter

presents

examples

of

report

generation

programs,

explains

how

these

programs

interact

with

the

POL

system,

provides

an

overview

of

the

associated

subroutines,

and

gives

directions

for

incorporating

report

generation

into

the

system.

.

Chapters

3

and

5

discussed

initialization

(SETUP)'

and

the

operation

of

POL

on

a

daily

basis.

It

has

been

stated

that

POL

takes

data

from

the

laboratory

instruments

and

stores

it

temporarily

in

specific

core

areas

(i.e.,

buffers}.

The

user

needs

to

access

this

data

to

print

a

report

on

the

terminal.

This

is

achieved

by

a BASIC

program'

called

the

REPORT

GENERATOR.

The

REPORT

GE~ERATOR

locates

the

data,

associates

it

with

a

specific

laboratory

instrument,

formats

the

results,

scales.

the

clinical

units,

and

then

prints

the

data

on

a

OECwriter

or

sends

it.to

another

computer.

.

Report

generation

programs

are

user

written.

To

simplify

the

writing

procedure,

a

set

of

subroutines

has

been

provided.

These

subroutines

perform

such

functions

as

reading

the

data

from

temporary

locations,

initializing

channels,

and

performing

the

various

housekeeping

and

checking

tasks.

These

subroutines

are

described

in

the

POL

Programming

Manual

under

.BASIC

subroutines.

A

sample

program

containing

the

subroutines

is

written

in

Section

7.2

as

an

example

to

provide

the

user

with

a

general

understanding

of

the

relationship

between

a

program

and

its

subroutines

and

also

to

..

show

thei~"

normal

functions.

A

program

is

merely

a

list

of

instructions

that

direct

the

computer

to

perform

a

job.

The

program

performs

this

job

in

much

the

same

manner

as

Laboratory

personnel

perform

their

jobs.

In

other

words,

laboratory

personnel

must

go

through

a

set

procedure

to

achieve

a

given

goal.

If

the

procedure

is

altered,

the

results

are

different.

Similarly,

the

instructions

within

a

program

are

perf6rmed

in

sequence

to

achieve

the

desired

result.

Changes

to

the

program

instruction

will

alter

the

sequence

and

results

of

that

program.

Just

as

laboratory

personnel

find

it

necessary

to

break

their

jobs

into

individual

tasks

(i.e~,test

on

patients,

samp'les,preparationof

reagents,

reporting

of

results,

etc.)

the

program

has

its

job

broken

into

smaller

tasks

called

subroutines.

A

subroutine

defines

a

small

number

of

instructions

which

have

been

selected

and

placed

together

to

be

used

for

a

specific

task

within

the

programs.

A

subroutine

may

be

an

integral

part

of

the

program

or

it

may

be

stored

elsewhere

in

memory,

awaiting

a

call

from

the

main

progr.am.

Whichever

the

case,

all

sections

of

a

program

(whether

they

are

used

or

not)

are

organized

so

that

when

required,

they

will

do

their

part

in

producing

the

desired

results.

7-1

REPORT

GENERATORS

7.1

SUBROUTINES

USED

The

subroutines

used

in

the

~xample

program

are

discussed

briefly

below.

More

information

on

these

subroutines

will

be

found

in

the

PDL

Programming

Manual

under

BASIC SUBROUTINES.

7.1.1

INTL

Subroutine

The

first

subroutine

discussed

is

INTL.

The

Programmable

Data

Logger

assigns

a

20-word

initialization

file

that

describes

each

channel

(instrument)

that

is

moni

tored.

(See

Section

4.1

of

the

.

PDL

Programmers

Manual

for

complete

description.)

The

portion

of

this

initialization

file

that

is

specified

by

th~

user

contains

seven

items.

Each

item

is

referenced

by

a

capital

letter.

The

seven

items

are:

CAPITAL

C

L

I

ITEM

CHANNEL

NUMBER

Channel

Number

must

be

a

number

between

0-31.

Analog

Channels

such

as

M'S

and

SMA's

must

be

a

number

between

0-15.

Digital

channels

such

as

the

Coulter

Model

S,

must

be

a

number

between

16-31.

This

allows

the

computer

to

know

what

type

of

instrument

it

is

looking

at.

The

channel

number

is

never

changed.

Th~

de-

scriptive

file

might

be"moved

to

another

channel,

but

the

channel

numbers

are

constant.

LOC

Number.

This

is

number

which

designates

where

the

LOC

is

physically

connected.

The

number

must

be

between

0-15.

Instrument

type

Numbers

are

0-3

0 =

single

number

1 =

peak

instrument

2 =

plateau

instrument

3 =

on

demand

7-2

DESCRIPTION LETTER

This

designation

tells

the.

computer

which

instrument

to

reference

by

its

physical

channel'

number.

The

computer

associates

each

instrument

with

a

physical

channel

number.

By

physical

we

mean

where

on

the

computer

the

cable

is

connected

•

A

number

is

associated

with

the

local

operator's

console

attached

to

your

instrument.

It

is

generally

thought

best

to

make

LOC

number

and

channel

number

the

same

if

possible.

This

designation

tells

the

computer.

the

type

of

instrument

and

the

particular

program

to

use

to

analyze

the

data.

Apeak

instrument

would

be

an

AA,

a

plateau

instrument

would

be

an

SMA,

a

single

number

would

be

a

Coulter,

on

deIlland

could

be

any

type

instrument.

The

data

is

read

when

the

user

presses

the

start

button

on

the

..

LOC

box.

(

~

•..

(

/

\'

C

(

D

N

T

Data

Type

o

Analog

2

BCD

REPORT

GENERATORS

Number

of

Data

in

each

sample

Time

per

test

Data

type

tells

the

com-

puter

the

format

in

which

the

result

is

being

presented

and

the

appropriate

action

to

take.

All

AA's

and

SMA's

are

analog

•

,Coulter

Model

S

is

BCD.

This

,tells

the

computer

how

many

results

are

to

be

taken

on

a

"sample.

Baseline

results

on

the

SMAs

are

not

stored

so

that

the

number

of

data

is

equal

to

the

number

of

tests

per

sample,

i.e.,

an

SMA

6/60

would

have

6

data

results

per

sample.

The

one

exception

is

on

the

12/60.

It

has

13

data

points

to

optimize

timing.

An

autoanalyzer

has

two

because

both

the

peak

and

the

valley

are

read

so

,that'

baseline

corrections

can

be

made,

if

desired.

The

Coul

ter

has

10

data

per

sample.

The

data

is'

cycled

twice

but

printed

only

once.

This

item

tells

the

computer

the

time

between

tests

on

peaks

or

'plateaus,

,etc.

in

intervals

of

0.01

sec,

for

example,

SMA

6/60

has

6

tests

per

sample

which

is

1

test

every

10

sec,

or

I

test

every

1000

intervals

of

.01

sec.

To

calculate

this

easily

,

multiply

the

time

per

test

(not

per

sample)

by

100.

Note:

For

'

type

12/60

intervals.

instrument

T =

462

Descriptive

items

(arguments)

allow

communication

with

subroutines.

Some

of

the

arguments

hold

information

used

by

the

subroutine

such

as

instiument

and

temporary

location

of

data

or

they

can

contain

information

returned

from

the

subroutine.

7.1.2

RDBF

Subroutine

In

RDBF

(read

buffer)

we

have

five

descriptive

arguments

'(items).

7-3

\

REPORT

GENERATORS

They

are:

C

Channel

number

S

Sample

or

Cup

number

A

Data

Buffer

area.

If

there

is

more

than

one

result

per

sample,

then

it

must

be

in

the

form

of

a

dimensioned

array.

See

BASIC-II

Language

Reference

manual.

(DEC-II

-LIBBA-A-D),

Section

2.4.

F

Storage

area

for

flag

information.

This

data

storage

should

also

be

an

array

if

more

than

one

result

is

anticipated.

A

flag

is

a

means

of

displaying

error

condition

information.

For

a

more

complete

description

of

flags,

refer

to

PDL

Programmers

Manual.

N

Optional

argument~

Refer

to

the

PDL

Programmers

Manual.

Example:

C

RDBF

(0,

S,

A,

F)

This

statement

tells

the

program

to

read

the

buffer

associated

with

channel

0

and

put

sample

(cup)

number

in

location

S

and

data

in

location

A,and

error

condition

(flag)

information

in

location

F,

This

information

can

then

be

printed

by

means

of

a BASIC PRINT

command.

Example:

If

S

is

a

single

value,

the

command

to

print

out

would

be:

PRINT

S.

This

prints

the

sequential

sample

number.

To

equate

cup

number

with

sequential

sample

number,

subtract

the

number

of

first

cup

and add

result

to

S

in

a BASIC

program.

Example:

If

you

begin

at

cup

100,

subtract

I

and add

99

to

the

variable

S.

S

then

represents

100.

7.1.3

BFST

Subroutine

The

subroutine

called

BFST

(buffer

status)

has

the

descriptive

arguments:

C

Channel

number

X

number

of

unused

storage

words

in

the

buffer

for

channel

C.

The

purpose

of

using

this

subroutine

is

to

return

to

the

user

the

number

of

unused

buffer

words.

Optional

arguments

can

be

used

with

this

subroutine,

refer

to

the

PDL

Programmers

Manual

for

description.

Example:

eFST

(0,

X)

PRINT

"X

="~X.

This

example

will

print

the

number

of

unused

words

on

chann~l

0

as

the

value

of

X.

X 0

means

not

ready

X 1

means

ready

X > 0

Data

partially

removed

7-4

(

c

(

i-;

c

(

REPORT

GENERATORS

7.1.4

STAT

Subroutine

STAT

is

a

subroutine

that

allows

the

user

to

access

a

buffer

area

for

the

data

(result)

associated

with

a

sample

(cup)

number.

This

allows

the

user

the

availabil

i

ty

of

pr

inting

ou.t

STAT

results

I

without

waiting

for

all

the

results

to

print.

Like

the

RDBF

subroutine,

STAT

has

several

arguments,

except

the

user

must

input

the

sample

number

instead

of

receiving

one.

C

Channel

number

S

Sample

number

A

Data

Buffer

Area

F

Flag

storage

location

N

Optional,

refer

to

the

PDL

Programmers

Manual

7.2

SAMPLE

PROGRAM

The

previously

described

subroutines

and

others

are

used

in

report

generation

programs

to

aid

the

user

in

accessing

the

data

that

is

being

collected

by

PDL.

The

following

short

program

uses

some

of

the

subroutines

mentioned

and

explains

their

use.

It

is

assumed

that

SETUP

was

used

for

channel

descriptions,

therefore

the

INTL

subroutine

is

not

used.

The

program

will

generate

a

report

based

on

data

from

an

SMA

6/60.

First,

assume

that

the

appropriate

channel

(call

it

0)

has

been

set

up

and

PDL

has

been

called

so

that.the

computer

is

ready

to

collect

data

trom

the

instrument.

A

RDBF

call

must

be

used

to

bring

the

data

to

BASIC

so

that

the

routine

can

be

as

follows

(review

the

REM,

DIM,

IF,

FOR, NEXT, GOTO,

and

PRINT

statements

in

the

BASIC-II

Language

Ref~rence

ma~ual):

10

20

30

40

50

60

16

80

90

100

110

REM

SMA

6/60

PROGRAM

DIM

A(S)

RDBF

(0,

S,

A)

IF

A(O)

=

-1

GOTO

30

PRINT

"SMA

6/60

S=";S

FOR·I

= 0

TO

S

PRINT

A{I);

PRINT

GOTO

30

END

The

first

statement,

10,

is

a REMark

statement

and

is

not

printed

when

the

program

is

run.

It

is

included

to

remind

the

programmer

why

the

program

or

part

of

the

program

was

written.

In

this

case,

it

serves

to

remind

the

programmer

that

this

is

an

SMA

6/60

report

generation.

The

second

statement,

20,

allocates

room

for

six

values

to

be

stored

in

an

array

called

A.

The

first

of

these

values

is

referenced

by

A(O},

the

second

by

A(l),

etc.

The

third

statement

is

a

call

to

the

PDL

subroutine

RDBF

to

get

the

results

obtained

for

a

given

sample

from

the

data

buffer

area.

The

variable

S

contains

(is

set

equal

to)

the

current

sequential

sample

number

while

the

array,

A,

holds

the

six

results

for

channel

O.

Line

40

is

an

IF

statement

which

returns

to

line

30

if

A(O)

is

equal

to

-1.

This

condition

will

be

true

whenever

a

full

sample

is

not

ready

in

the

data

buffer

area.

Therefore,

lines

30

and

40

wait

for

a

full

sample

to

be

processed.

Line

50

simply

prints

a

header

with

the

sequential

sample

number.

The

output

might

look

like

the:

7-5

REPORT

GENERATORS

SMA

6/60

S=5 (S = 5

is

the

sample

number)

Lines

60

through

80

are

a

FOR

loop.

Their

effebt

is

the

same

as

the

1

line

statement:

70

PRINT

A(O);

A(l);

A(2);

A(3);

A(4);

A(5};

Line

90

forces

a

new

line

to

be

printed.

Line

100

returns

to

waiting

for

another

sample.

This

program

lacks

several

obvious

and

important

features.

It

does

not

provide

any

way

to

exit,

so

it

just

keeps

running

forever.

There

are

no

headings

for

the

data

and

the

va,.lues

printed

are

not

in

usual.

laboratory

units.

Take

the

last

problem

first.

The

actual

computer

viewpoint

number~

corresponding

to

the

laboratory

viewpoint

results

must

be

known

in

order

to

convert

the

first

to

the

second.

Normally

a

simple

multiplication

by

a

number

known

as

scale

factor

for

each

test

in

a

sample

must

be

determined.'

A

routine

listed

in

the

PDL

Programmers

Manual

will

do

the

calculation

of

the

scale

factors

automatically.

All

that

is

needed

in

the

example

program

is

to

read

these

numbers

and

use

them.

The

following

program

reflects

these

changes

(review

the

INPUT

and

LET

statements

the

BASIC-II

Language

Reference

manual):

.

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

REM

SMA

6/60

PROGRAM

DIM

A(5),

0(5)

FOR

I = 0

TO

5

INPUT

0

(I)

RDBF

(0,

5,

A)

IF

A(O) =

~l

GOTO

60

PRINT

"SMA

6/60

S=";S

FOR

1=

0

TO

5 .

PRINT

A(l)

*

Q11);

PRINT

GOTO

60

END

·Note

that

an

additional

item

in

the

dimension

list

has

been

added

for

the

scale

factors

and

th*tthe

INPUT

statement

(in

a

FOR

loop)

is

used

to

read

these

facto·rs

as

they

are

typed.

The

only

other

change

is

the

use

of

these

scale

factors

6n

line

100

to

do

t6e

conversion.

.

Next,

the

program

must

be

altered

so

-

that

it

is

possible

to

stop

it

without

losing

data

and

then

to

start

it

up

again.

A

special

POL

subroutine;CNDX,

is

needed

for

this

step.

CNDX(X)

will

return

with

X=l

if

a CTRL/V

(hold

CTRL

key

down

while

typing

V)

has

been

typed

ou.t

since

the

last

call

to

CNDX.-

It

will

return

x=o

otherwise.

Since

it

is

a

good

idea

to

test

for

this

feature

continuously,

not

just·

~hena

sample

has

been

pr

inted,-

the

following

program

provides

this

call

while

waitinSl

.for

a

new

sample

to

be

complete.

(Review

the

STOP

statement

in

the

BASIC-II

Language

Reference

manual):

10

REM

SMA

6/60

PROGRAM

20

DIMA(5),0(S)

30

PRINT "TYPE-THE

SIX

SCALE

FACTORS"

40

FOR

I = 0

TO

5

50

INPUT

O{I)

60

7-6

(-

(

-,'

(

I

!.

REPORT

GENERATORS

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

RDBF

(0,

S,

A)\IF

A(O)

=

-1

GOTO

130

PRINT

"SMA

6/60

S=";S

FOR

I = 0

TO

5

PRINT

A(l)

*Q(I);

.

PRINT

CNDX

(X)\

IF

X = 0

GOTO

70

PRINT

"EXIT

TAKEN"

STOP

END

Since

the

appearance

of

a

question

mark

on

the

terminal

with

no

explanation

can

be

disconcerting,

a

message

to

the

user

has

been

added.

Also,

where

logical

groupings

make

the

combination

clear,

multistatement

lines

have

been

added

at

lines

70

and

130.

The

backslash

(\)

separates

the

statements.

Note

that

waiting

now

consists

of

cycling

between

lines

70

and

130.

The

message,

EXIT

TAKEN,

will·

appear

if

a CTRL/V

is

typed

followed

by

the

BASIC

messages:

STOP

AT

LINE

150

READY

We

have

included

the

following

sample

report

generator

programs,

Auto

Analyzer

Report

Generator,

Coulter

Report

Generator,

SMA

Report

Generator.

For

an

example

of

a

program

that

combines

all

three,

see

the

PDL

Programmers

Manual.

10

PF'-l

Sr~,p[JF

COUI,TF.P

COliNTER

;;E'PORT

G~NF:RII.TOf<

20

PR

INT

'·COULTF.P

PEPORT

GFNEP

IITOP"\PP

I

NT\PRINT

30

DIM

A(9)

,F(9)

,HS(9)

,US(.9)

.~(9)

40

PRTNT

"Til WHICH CHIINNFl

IS

THF cnllLTFR IITTACHFfl";\TNPUT C

50

C=TNr(Cl\TS="TIT"&~TRS(C)\IF

C>15

GOTO

70

60

PRINT

"NflT

A f,FGAT. CHANNEL, FOP

DIGITAL

PJPIJT"\GOTO

40

70

CALL

"RFST"(C,X,S,N,T,Z)

80

PPINT

"CHANNF.L";C:"TNTTIALI7FO

FOP":N:"DATII.

PEP

SA~PT.F"

90

PRINT

"WTTH":Z:"I.-IORO

fHJFF'EP.

"rX:"WOPDS

LEFT."

100

PRINT

"RI-'FfER

I.-IH,L

F'It,L

AFTFP":INTeX/N)

:"MOPE

SAMPJ,ES"

110

PRINT

"CHt:1RF:N·T

SAr·1PLE

NIJ~RFP

IS":S

120

HS

=

""\fS=""

130

FOR

1=0

TO

N-2

tAO HS=HS&"

>.###~

"\FI=FS&"

"

150

160

II$=HS

170

PRINT

"IS

FORMATTI~G

INORMnTION

ON

CASSETTE":

180

I~PUT

YS\TF

¥5='¥'

GOTO

190\IF

YS<>'YFS'

GOTO

290

lQO

OPEN

1'$

FOR

TNPIIT

~S

FTl.E~

Itl

?on

FOR

1=0

TO

N-?

710

PJPUT

1I1:HS(Il,t1s(J),S(l)

220

NF:XT

T

;no

CLOSE

/I

1

240

AS= ....

250

FOR

T=O

TO

N-2

7.60

GnSHR

loon

270

280

Gorn

6F.O

290

PPINT\PPINT

"GIVE

HFADINGS

FOP

EACH

TF.ST

TN

ORDER"

300

PRINT

"MAXIMUM

OF 6

CHARACTFRS

EACH"

310

FOP

1=0

Tn

N-2

320

PRINT

T+l:":";\INPPT

HS(I)

7-7

REPORT

GENERATORS

330

340

PRINT "GIVE

THE

UNITS

FOR

FJCH TEST

IN

ORDER"

350

FOR

1=0

TO

N-2

360

PRINT

I+l:":":\INPUT

U$(I)

370

3AO

PRTNT

"GIVE

THE

NUMBER

OF

DIGITS

AFTER

THE

DECIMAL"

390

PRINT

"POTNT(0-3)

FOP

EACH

TEST

IN

ORDER."

400

PRINT

"I.E.,

3.45

WOULD

BE

2,

123

WOULD

AF

0"

410

AS:::""

420

FOR

1=0

TO

N-2

430

PRINT

I+l:":"f\INPUT

SCTl

440

SCI}=JNT(SCI»

450

GOSUR

1000

460

S([1=10--5(T)

470

480

PRINT

"DO

YOU

WANT

THESF:

F.IICTORS

SAVED

ON

C.IISSETTF"~\INPtlT

YS

490

IF

YS='Y'

GOTO

500\11"

YS<>'YES'

GnTO

660

500

OPEN

TS

FOR

OUTPUT

AS

FILE

'1

510

FOR

1=0

TO

N-2

520

PRI~T

~1:HS(I)

530

PRINT

~l:US(I)

630

PRINT

#1:S(I)

640

650

CI,nSE

111

660

CALL

flpnSF"(C,S,A.F)\JF

.11(0)<0

THFN

660

670

PRINT !JSING

HS,HS(0),HS(I),HS(2),HS(3),HS(4),~${5)~HS(6),H$(7),H$(B)

68'0 PRINT t1SING US,IJSCO)

,USC

1)

.lJS(2)

,tlS(3)

,US(4)

,US(5)

,lJS(f;),lJS(7)

,IIS(8)

~90

FOR

1=0

TO

N-2 . .

700

ACI)=A(J)*S(I)

710

7,,)0

PRINT

USTNG

FS,F(1),F(2),F(3),F(4).F'(S),F(6).,F(7),f'(8)

':U

\}-

.PR 1 M T -

\I

f·

I'~(;"

S i A

{1

} ;

11

(

'2)

•

A.

{3

) ,

1>.

(

4-

),

t,

t5o)

,

1:1

ttl

~

;

~

t1

) •

1:1

t 8 )

740

PRINT

T50

CAI,L

"CNnX"(X)\TF

X=O

GO

TO

660

760

PRINT "RFOllESTED

HAI.T"

770

STOP

..

aoo

AS=AS&"

-"&5EGS("I/U.IIU",S(J)+1,S(J)+4)&"

"

1010

RETURN

9999

END

10

RE~

SIMPLE

AUTnANALYZFP

PEPORT

GENERATOR

20

PRIfIlT "AU'WANAI,YZrp

REPORT

GFNERATnp"\PRINT\PRINT

30

DIM

S(20),F(2),st(20)

·40.

PH

HIT

"TO

WHICH

CHANNFL

IS

THE

AtlTOANAJ,YZER

AT'f'ACHFD"

.:\INPllT

C

50

C=INT(C)\CALL

"RFST"(C,X,Sl,Nt)\IF

1'11=2

THF.~

70

·60

PRINT

"THIS

CHANNEl;

I1\tITTALTZFO

FopnNl

"DATA

PEP SAMPI.F."\STOP

70

PRINT

"FOR

QUICK

REPORT,

MOUNT

THE

fiAVE

CASSETTE

AND

TYPE

Y"

90

GOSlIR

2000\

TF'

Y$<>

Iy

I

THEN

90\Z=1

\GOTn

640

90

Z=o

100

PRINT

"THF.RE

ARE":N;"

WORDS

J,EFT

IN

THE

EH1FFFP

F'OR.CHANNFI.":C

no

PRIN'r

"SAMPI,F.

]I)[!~1FIEP

IS"S1

120

PRINT

"ARE

STANDARDS

TO

BE

PUN"

:\GOSUR

2000

130

IF

YS<>'Y'

THEN

730

140

PP1JIIT·IIHOW

MaNY

StANDARDS

j:\PF:THEPF":\INPUT JII\N=INTHJ)

t50

PRINT

""'IHAT

IS

.THF.

SEQUENTIAl.

S.IIMPLF.

NUMBER

OF

THE

FIRST STl\NDARD":

160

TNPHT

S

170

PRINT

"PRnGRAM

WILL

WA

IT

UNTIL

LAST

STANDARD

TS

1111

AHFFP.R"

180

CALL

"STAT"(C,S+N-t,S)

190

IF

5(0)<>-2

THEN

200\PRINT

"DATA

HAS

ALRF.ADY

BEEN

REMOVF:D"\GOTO

20

200

IF

5(0)=-1

THEN

lRO

210

PRINT "LAST

DATUM

IS

IN

RUFFER"

220

FOR

1=1.

TO

N

7-8

(

'(

(

c

(~

(

,.

(

~,

(

REPORT

GENE~~TORS

230

CALL

"STAT"(C,S+I-l,S)\IP

S(O)<O

TH~N

190

240

S(T+l)=S(l)\REM

2ND.

DATUM

IS

HEIGHT

250

260

PRINT

"TYPE

THE

STANDARD

VALUES i

270

POR

1=1

TO

N\INPUT

Sl(I)\NEXT

I

280

PRINT

"LINEAR(1),

OR

CURV~D(2)

FI'l''':\INPUT

K\I<=INTCIO

290

IF

1<>2

GO

Tn

280\IF

K<l

GOTD

280

300

Y=0\Yl=0\Y2=0\Xl=D\X2=O\X3=0\X4=0

310

FOR

1=1

TO

N

320

y=Y+SICI)

330

J=I+l\Yl=Yl+S1{I)*S(J)

340

S2=5(J)*S(J)

350

Y2=Y2+S1(1)*52

360

Xl=X1+S(J)

370

X2=X2+S2

380

X3=S3+seJ)*S2

390

X4=X4+S2*S2

400

410

IFK<2

GO

TO

480

420

D=X4*(X2*N-X1*XI)-X3*(X3*N-X2*Xl)+X2*(X3*Xl-X2*X2)

430

IF

(ARS(C))-Cl/6)<.OOOt*Xl/N

THFN

480

440

A2

=

(Y2*(N*X2-Xl*Xl)-Yl*(N*X3~X2*Xl)+Y*(X3*X1-X2*X2))/D

450

At

=

(Y2*(N*X3~X2*Xl)-Yl*(X4*N-X2*X2)+Y*(X4*Xl-X3*X2))/D

460

AD

=

(Y2*(X3*XI-X2*X2)-Yl*(X4*Xl-X3*X2)+Y*(X4*X2-X3*X3))/D

470

GOTO

560

480

A2=0

490

0=N*X2-xt*Xl

500

IF

SQR(ABS(O))<.OOOl*Xl/N

THEN

540

510

Al

=(N*YI-Xl*Yl/D

520

A2

=(X2*Y-Xl*xl1/D

530

GOTO

560

540

Al = 0

550

AO

= YIN

560,PRINT

"TH~

EQUATION

IS:"

570.

IF

A2=OTHEN

590

580

PRINT

A2f"X~2";

590

IF

Al=O

THEN

610

600

PRINT

"+":Al:"X":

610

IF

AO=O

THEN

h30

620

PRINT

"+";AO:

630

PRINT\PRINT

"COFFFICIFNTS:":A2'Al,AO

640-FS%llS'I'-f)"&5'fRS

(C)

\l

F

-Z~l

THPN-

'Hl6·

650

PRINT\PRINT

"~O

YOU

WANT

THESE

COEFFICIENTS

SAVED~

660

GOSUB

200n\JF

YS<>'Y'

THEN

ROO

670

PRINT

"PLACE APPROPRIATE CASSETTE

ON

UNIT

0"

6f!0·PRTNT

"TYPE

ANY

CHARACTER

WHEN

PEAOY"\GOSUB

2000

690

OPEN

FS

FOR

nUTPUT

AS

FILE

#1

700

PRINT

#1:A2,Al,AO\CLOSE

#1

710

PRINT

"A

FII,E

NAMED

":ES".OAT

HAS 'f\I'EN CRFATED"

720

GOTO

800

730

PRINT

"ARE

THE

COF.PFTCTFNTS

ON

CASSETTF"\GOStlB

2000

740

If

YS='Y'

THEN

780

750

PRINT

"THEN TYPE

THE~

IN ORDEP"

160

INPUT

A2\INPllTA1\INPtJT

AO

770

GOTO

BOO

780

OPEN

FS

FOR

INPlJT

AS

FILE

#1

790

HIPIIT

#1:A2,Al,AO\Ct,OSE

#1

800

TS="TIT"&STRS(C)\IF

Z=l

THEN

880

810

PRINT

"ARE

THE

HEADINGS

ON

CASSETTE";\GOSUB

2~OO

820

IF

YS='Y'

THEN

RBO

830

PRINT

"WHAT

IS

THE

HEADING"\INPUT

HS

840

PRINT

"IINITS"\INPUT

US

7-9

REPORT

GENE~TORS

850

PRINT

"SAVE

ON

CASSETTE":

\GnStlH

2000\

IF

!~(»'r~

,!,~"'h'''''

860

OPEN

TS

fOR

OUTPUT

AS

FILE

#1

870

PRINT

#t:HS,US\CLOSE

#l\GOTO

900

BBO

OPEN

TS

FOR

INPUT

AS

FILE

#1

890

INPUT

#l:HS,US\CLOSE#l~~~M

I~QO

900

PRINT

IICURRENT

SEQUENT! AL SJlMPLE

NUI,I!<EP

l""'t-~!"tt

~

.. \ . -

910

PRINT

liDO

YOU

WANT

TO

SKIP

OVER

THE

ST.MrA'~J·'

920

GaSUR

2000\If

YS<>'Y'

THEN

970

930

FOR

1=51

TO

S+N-l

940

CALL IIRDBFII(C,X,S)

950

960

PRINT "NEW

SEQUENTIAL

SAMPLE'

NIJMRER

tS"':~.-

1'1

Cl

970

PRINT

"WHAT

CUP

NUMREP

DO YOU WANT FC'?

'!'t'llt{

$~.ni"f"

,~io";

,

980

CALL

"BFST"(C,X,NI,Sl)

990

Cl

::;:

Cl-S1+1

\PEf1

51

IS

LASTS/-IP

NUM

1000

PRINT\PRINT

1010PRINTHS

1020

PRINT

"CHANNEL";C

1030

CA!.IJ

"RDRF"(C,S,.c;,F')\IF

5(0)<0

GOTO

n~()

1040

PRINT

"SAMPJ.E":5+Cl

1045

Sl=S(I)\S(1)=AO+51*(Jll+A2*SI)

1050

S(2)=JNT[SC1))\SC3)=JNT{IOO'(S(I)-S(2)164~)

1060.

PRINT

STP.S(S(2)):".n:S1'pS(S(3)):

....

:1~S:

10.10 IF'

f'(O)=O.

THEN

1170

..

\

1080

F(0)=F'Cl}\F(1)=INT(F(b)/B)\F(2)=INT((Ftn)~Frl))'"

1090

F{O)=FCO)-FC11*B-F£1)*4

1100

IF

ft1)=0

THfN 1120.

1110

PRINT

"*":

1120..

PP'[N"

1]30

IF

1"(2)=0

THfN

1150

1140

PRINT

"TIMING"

1150

IF

FC01:0

THEN

1170

1160

PRINT

"Non;E

LEVEL":INT(1.6*f(0»;"""

1170

PRINT\PPINT

1180

CALL

"~NDX»(X)

1190

IF

X=~

GOTn

1030

1200

STOP-

2000

INPUT

Y$\IF

YS<>'YES'

GOTr-1020

20..10.

Y$='

Y'

2020

:RETIIRN

9999

EN))

. _

...

~'If,.t

••

nrpOL

("1It.ts

10

REM

SMA

REPORT

GENfRATOR--ASSUMF

PRGPr~'·

::.

"

20

DTM

HS(12j,US(12),S[12),LS[12),A(12)~Fr2:~.~.('·

30

PR

I

NT

"SM

A REPORT

GP.NER

AT()fP'

..

40.

PRItJ"

"WHICH

CHANNP.L":\INP!lT

C

50

IF

C>15

GOTO

40\11"

C<O

Goro

40

60

CALL

"RFST"(C,X,S,N,T)\IF

X>-J

THEN

8~

_.,._.

70.

PRINT

"CHANNEL"rC:"TS

NOT

INTTIALIZfn.·\~·?~

".~I~TFST~

p~p

SAMPLf"

8Q

PRINT-

"THIS

Cf:lANfllEL

HAS

f\E~N

!NITIAL~;;~:-

:;'~

~;n.~rF"p.

If

90

PRINT

"THERE

ARE:

";Z~"~~(wn"

RtIolAH'l"lb

.i.),

....

llf}"

100

PR.INT

"AT

A.RATE

OR":T/Hl\):"SF:rONDS?E<",,"::~~I·jlln~5."

..

110

PRINT

"THF.

fHJFFF.R WILT.

F'tl.t

IN"

:X*TI~')i'-I~

,

tlf~.!"R"'·

120

PRINT

"GIVE

THE

HEAOING:~

n-'p

EACH

Tt:~t

:'i

~\tl

1-30

PRINT"

CMAxnmM

5 CtlJI/-IIICTFPSJ

It

140

FOR

r=01'O

N-l

150

PRINT

"HF.-ADJNG

FOR

cnf.lfMN

.":

1+ 1

160

TNPUT

HSn)

170

".

\H~P"CTf.R5)"

180

PRINT

"GIVf.

THF

UNITS

F'fW

~'ACHTEST

• _

--

190

FOR

1::0

TO

N-l

~.

_ ....... "

nl'ur

IJsn)

200

PRINT

"UNITS

FOR":HS(T)I"(,OLIIHII";l-.=

. \ I

7-10

•

C

(

,~-

-

(

\

(

REPORT

GENERATORS

210

NEXT.

I

220

PRINT

"GIVE

THE

FULL SCALE

VALUE

OF

EACH

TEST."

230

FOR

1=0

TO

N-l

240

PRINT

H$(I);"CCOLUMN";Itl:")

IN UNITS

OF":US(I)

250

PRINT

"MAX

IS--":\INPUT

SCI)

260

S(I)=S(I)/9RO\~RXT

I

770

FOR

1=0

TO

N-l

280

L=6-LEN(HS(1))\GOSUB

2000\LS(I)=LS

290

L=6-LFN(U$(I))\GOSUR

2000\MS(I)=LS

300

NP.XT

I

310

PRINT\PRTNT

320

FOR

1=0

TO

N-l

330

PRINT

LS(I):HS(I);

340

350

PRINT

360

FOR

1=0

TO

N-l

370

PRINT

MS(l);US{I)

380

3QO

PRINT\AS='

I

400

CALL

"RDRF"(C,S.A,F)\IF

A(O)<O

THEN

400

410

PRINT\PRIN1'

"SA~APr.E

NUMRP'P":S

420

FOR

J=O

TO

N-l

430

F=JNT(P(IJ/l&)\Fl:IN1'((FCI)-16*F)/B)\F2=F(J)-lh*Fl-B*F2

440

F$='

'\IF

F=O

THEN

450\FS='M'\GOTO

470

450

IF

Fl=O

THEN

460\FS='T'\GOTO

470

460

IF

F2=O

THEN

470\FS=STRiCF2)

470

ACT)=A(Il*S(1)

480

IF

A(I)<100000

GOTO

500

490

AS='*****

'\GOTO

510

500

AS=SEGS(STR«ACI)),),5)&FS

510

PRINT AS;

520

NF.XT

I

530

CAT,I,

'eNOX'

(X)

540

IF

X=O

GOTO

390

550

PRINT I

REQUESTED

HAT,T

I

560

STnp.

2000

LS= I ,

2010

FnR

1=1

TO

L

2020

r.S=l,$&'

,

2030

9999

P.ND

These

programs

can

be

used

on

any

system

provided

the

user

accepts

the

output

format

of

the

results.

If

the

results

produced

do

not

meet

the

users

needs,

the

programs

will

have

to

be

modified.

To

use

the

programs

as

they

are:

Mount

a

new

cassette

on

unit

one.

The

cassette

should

have

been

previously

zeroed.

If

PDL

is

not

running,

load

PDL

on

cassette

unit

0

and

boot

it.

Follow

through

with

the

normal

dialog

until

the

computer

issues

the

message

READY.

If

PDL

is

already

running

the

CTRL

key

must

be

held

down

while

V

is

typed.

The

message

printed

will

be:

READY

SCR<CR)

is

then

typed.

This

creates

a

clean

memory

SO

that

the

program

will

not

contain

any

errors.

7-11

Next,

RENAME

Example:

REPORT

GENERATORS

(Name

of

Program)

is

typed.,

RENAME

SMA

<CR)

Each

line

of

the

program

must

be

typed

sequentially

(as

you

see

it

written)

•

Example:

10

REM

SIMPLE

AUTO

ANALYZER

REPORT

GENERATOR

<CR)

20

ETC.

NOTE

Remember

to

press

the

<CR)

key

after

each

line.

When

typing

of

the

program

has

been

completed,

type

the

following:

SAVE

1:

<CR)

This

puts

the

above

program

you

have

typed

on

to

c~ssette

unit

t

1.

For

future

use

this

program

may

now

be

called

from

cassette

instead

of

having

to

be

retyped.

If

the

user

wants

to

use

the

other

programs,

simply

repeat

the

procedure

and

save

them

on

cassette

1.

When

PDL

is

already

running,

simply

load

the

cassette

containing

the

report

generator,s,

on

either

unit

0

or

1,

then

call

the

program

which

is

to

be

run

I

by

name.'

Example:

PDL

is

doing

data

acquisition

on

an

SMA

6/60

and

it

is

necessary,

to

have

a_report

pr

inted

when

the

terminal

says

READY.

The

cassette

containing

the

SMA

6/60

report

generator

program

is

loaded

onto

cassette

unit

1.

Type

RUN

SMA6

<CR)

(SMA6

is

the

name

of

the

program)

•

The

program

will

be

loaded

into

memory

and

the

SMA

6

dat,a

wiU

be

printecl

out.

7-12

c-

(

(,

"(

('

(' ,

"

'~'

(

APPENDIX A

BASIC STATEMENTS,

COMMANDS,

FUNCTIONS

A.I

BASIC/CAPS

The

following

summary

of

BASIC

statements

defines

the

general

format

for

each

statement

and

gives

a

brief

~xplanation

of

its

use.

CALL

(function

name,

argument

list)

DATA

v.al

ue

1

is

t

Used

to

reference

assembly

language

user

functions

from

a BASIC

program.

Used

in

conjunction

input

data

into

program.

with

READ

to

an

executing

DEF

function

(argument)=expression

Defines

a

usei

function

to

be

USed

in

the

program.

DIM

variable(n)

,variable(n,m)

,variable$(n)

,variable$(n,m)

Reserves

space

for

lists

and

tables

according

to

subscripts

specified

after

variable

name.

END

Placed

at

the

physical

end

of

the

program

to

terminate

program

execution.

FOR

variable

=

expression

1

TO

expression

2 STEP

expression

3

Sets

up

a

loop

to

be

executed

the

specified

number

of

times.

GOSUS

line

number

GO

TO

line

number

IF

expression

{·~~~~}~ine

number

INPUT

list

Transfers

control

to

the

first

line

of

a

subroutine.

Uncond

i

tionally

to

the

program

the

line

number.

transfers

control

line

specified

by

Conditionally

transfers.

control

to

the

specified

program

line.

Used

to

terminal

reader.

input

data

keyboard

or

from

paper

the

tape

A-I

BASIC STATEMENTS,

COMMANDS,

FUNCTIONS

INPUT

#expression:

list

Inputs

from

a

particular

device.

[LET}

variable

=

expression

Assigns

a

value

to

the

specified

variable(s)

•

PRINT

list

PRINT

expression

PRINT

"string"

Placed

at

the

end

of

a

FOR

loop

to

return

control

to

the

FOR

statement.

Prints

output

data

on

the

terminal

printer.

Prints

result

of

expression.

Prints

a

character

string.

PRINT

#expression:

expression

list

PRINT

TAB(x)

RANDOMIZE

aEAD

variable

list

REMARK

cornmEm

t

RESTORE·

RETURNS

STOP

A.

2

COMMANDS

Outputs

toa

particular

device.

output.

Spaces

the

printing

bead.

to

the

specified

column.

Causes.

the

random

number

generator

to

calculate

different

·random

numbers

every

time

the

program.

is

run.

Assigns

the

values

listed

ih

a

DATA

statement

to

the

specified

variables.

Inserts

explanatory

comments

into

a

BASIC

pro9ram.

Resets

data

block

pointer

so

the

same

data

can

be

used

again.

Returns

program

contiol

to

the

statement

following

the

-last

executed

GOSUB

statement.

Terminates

program.

execution

of

the

The

following

key

commands

halt

program

execution,

erase

characters,

or

delete

lines.

Key

ALTM{)DE

CTRL/C

Explanation

Deletes

the

entire

current

line.

DELETED

message

(s'ame

as

CTRL/U).

terminals

the

ESC

key

must

be

used.

is

not

used

in

POL.

Prints

On

some

This

key

Terminates

program

execution.

READY. BASIC

prints

A-2

(

((

(

r'

(

"

(

""':

C',

BASIC STATEMENTS,

COMMANDS,

FUNCTIONS

CTRLIO

CTRLIU

RUBOUT

Stops

output

to

terminal

and

returns

BASIC

to

READY

message

when

program

or

command

execution

is

completed.

Deletes

the

entire

current

line.

Echoes

DELETED

message

(same

as

ALTMODE).

Deletes

the

last

character

typed

and

echoes

a

backarrow

(same

as

_).

The

following

commands

list,

punch,

erase,

execute,

and

save

the

program

currently

in

core.

Command

CLEAR

LIST

line

number

OLD

in

RUN

SAVE

in

SCRatch

A.3

FUNCTIONS

Explanation

Sets

the

array

and

string

buffers

to

nulls

and

zeroes.

Prints

the

user

program

currently

in

core

on

the

terminal.

Prints

the

program

from

the

line

specified

to

the

end

of

the

program.,

Does

a

SCRatch

and

inputs

the

program

from

the

terminal

(n=O),or

high-speed

paper

tape

reader

(n=l).

Executes

the

program

in

the

buffer

area.

Outputs

the

program

in

core

to

the'

terminal

(n=O),

paper

tape

punch

(n=l)

,

or

line

printer,

(n=2).

Erases

the

entire

storage

area.

The

following

functions

perform

standard

mathematical

BASIC.

operations

in

Name

.ABS(x)

ATN(x)

COS

(x)

EXP(x)

INT(x)

Explanati.on

Returns

the

absolute

value

of

x •

Returns

the

arctangent

of

x

as

an

angle

in

radians

in

the

range

+

or

-

pi/2.

Returns

the

cosine

of

x

radians.

Returns

the

value

ofeAx

where

e=2.71828.

Returns

the

greatest

integer

'less'

than

or

equal

to

x.

A-3

BASIC

STATEMENTS,

COMMANDS,

FUNCTIONS

LOG

(x)

RND(x)

SGN(x)

SIN

(x)

SQR{x)

TAB

(x)

The

string

functions

are:

ASC(x$)

CHR$(x)

LEN(x$)

POS(X$,y$,z)

SEG(X$,y,Z)

STR$(x)

VAL

(X$)

Returns

the

natural

logarithm

of

x.

Returns

a

random

number

between

0

and

1.

Returns

a

value

indicating

the

sign

of

X.

Returns

the

sine

of

x

radians.

Returns

the

square

root

of

x.

Causes

the

terminal

type

head

..

to

tab

to

column

number

x.

Returns

as

a

decimal

number

the

internal

code

for

the

I-character

(x$)

•

7-bit

string

Generates

a

I-character

string

having

the

ASCII

value

of

x.

Returns

the.

number

of

characters

in

the

string

(x$).

Searches

for

and

teturns

the

position

of

the

first

occurrence

of

Y$

in

x$

after

skipping

z

characters.

Retu'rns

the

string

of

characters

in

positions

y

through

z

in

x$.

Returns

the

str

ing

which

r:epresents

the

numeric

value

of

x.

Returns

the

number

represented

by

the

string

(x$)

•

A-4

c_

(

(.

{

(

"

(

('

(

I

\.

APPENDIX

B

BASIC

ERROR

MESSAGES

When

BASIC

encounters

an

error

in

the

execution

of

a,

statement

or

command,

it

halts.

An

error

message

is

then

printed

out

on

the

DECwriter.

BASIC

error

messag~s

are

considered,

either

fatal

or

nonfatal

errors.

A

fatal

erro~

cancel~

all

work

in

progress

and

returns

BASIC

to

the

READY

state.

At

thj.-s

point,

if

the

erroneous

condition

is

removed,

the

program

maybe

restarted

from

the

beginning.

A

nonfatal

error

allows

the

removal

of

the

error

condition,

without

the

need

for

a'

return

to

the

beginning

of

the

procedure.

When

the

error

has

been

removed,

the,

suspended

action

of

BASIC

continues

as

1f

uninterrupted.

All

error

messages

are

pr

in

ted

in

one

of

the

following

formats

messag,e

or

tftessage

AT,

LINE

xxxxx

where

xxxxxis

the

line'number

of

the

statement

containing

the

error.

Error

messages

'produced

in

immediate

mode

statements

or

commands'

will

not

include

AT

LINE

xxxxx.

Nonfatal

error

messages

do

not

include

AT

LINE

xxxxx

and

do

not

return

to

READY.,

Table

a-I,lists

all

BASIC

error

messages.'

The

message

produced

will

be

the

abbreviation

unless

'SASIC-ll

has

been

assembled

from

the

sources

with

longer'error

messages

specified.

All

error

messages

are

fatal

unless

the

explanation

specifies

nonfatal~

Table

B-1

BASIC

Error

Messages

Abbreviation

Longer

Message

?ARGARGUMENT

ERROR

?ATL

ARRA

YS

TOO

LARGE

Explanation

Ar'guments

in

a

function

call

do

not

match,

in

number

or

in

type,

the

arguments

defined

for

the

function.

Not

enough

memory

is

available

for

the

arrays

specified

in

the

DIM

statements.

If

the

arrays

can

not

B-1

B?

BAD

DATE

?BDR

?BOV

?BRT

18S0

?DCE

?DNR

?DVO

?ETC

BASIC

ERROR

MESSAGES

BAD

DATA

READ

BAD

OVERLAY

FILE

be

redimensioned

to

a

smaller

dimension,

then

reduce

the

size

of

the

program

by

eliminating

remarks

or

by

using

subroutines,

user-defined

functions,

chaining,

or

overlaying.

Nonfatal,

BASIC/CAPS

system

overlay

file

not

found

on

cassette

unit

O.

Mount

anew

cassette

and

type

any

character

to

continue.

Occurs

only

in

8K

version.

Nonfatal,

an

illegal

date

was

typed·

during

initial

diaogue.

Retype

to

continue.

Item

input

frbm

data

statement

list

by

READ

statement

is

bad.

Nonfatal,

BASIC/CAPS

system

overlay

file

was

found

but

contained

an

error.

Also

prints

B?

message.

Retry

or

mount

new

cassette

with

overlay

files.

BASIC/CAPS may

also

be

rebooted.

occurs

only

inSK

version.

BAD

DATA-RETYPE

FROM

ERROR

Nonfatal,

item

entered

to

input

statement

was

bad.

Retype

and

program

will

continue

•.

BUFFER

STORAGE

OVERFLOW

Not

enough

room

available

for

buffers

•.

file

DEVICE

CHANNEL

ERROR

DEVICE

NOT

READY

D:(VISION

BY

0

The

device

channel

number,

also

called

the

logical

unit

number,

specified

in

OPEN

statement

has

been

previously

opened

or

is

out

of

range

(1-7).

A

hardware

I/O

device

referred

to

by

·an

OLD, SAVE,

or

PRINT command

is

nbt

on-line

or

the

file

does

not

contain

.

any

legal

BASIC

program

lines.

Program

attempted

to

divide

some

quan

tHy

by

O.

EXPRESSION

TOO

COMPLEX

The

expression

bein~l

evaluated

caused

.the·

stack

to

overflow

usually

because

the

parentheses

are

nested

too

deeply.

The

.degree

of

produces

this

complexity

that

error

varies

B-2

(

/

'(

(

,"

(

f

(

?FIO

?FNF

?FNO

?FRM

?FSE

?FWN

?GND

?IDF

?IDM

?ILN

?ILR

BASIC

ERROR

MESSAGES

FILE

I/O

ERROR

FILE

NOT

FOUND

according

to

the

amount

of

space

available

in

the

stack

at

the

time.

Breaking

the

statement

up

into

several

simpler

ones

eliminates

the

error.

A

hardware

I/O

error

occurred.

All

files

are

automatically

closed.

The

file

requested

was

not

found

on

the

specified

device.

May

be

caused

by

an

OPEN

FOR

INPUT,

OVERLAY,

or

CHAIN

statement

or

an

OLD, APPEND,

RUN

[NH]

file

descriptor,

or

REPLACE

command.

FILE

NOT

OPEN

The

logical

unit

number

specified

is

not

associated

with

an

open

file.

May

be

caused

by

PRINT

#,

INPUT

#,

or

CLOSE

statements.

FORMAT

ERROR

Format

string

error

occurred

in

PRINT USING

statement

or

an

attempt

was

made

to

print

string

in

numeric

field

or

vice

versa.

FILE

SPECIFICATION

ERROR

The

file

descriptor

contained

an

illegal

device

or

character.

Legal

characters

are

A

through

Z

and

0

through

9.

FOR

WITHOUT

program

contains

a

FOR

statement

without

a

corresponding

to

terminate

the

loop.

GOSUBS

NESTED

TOO

DEEPLY

ILLEGAL

DEF

ILLEGAL

DIM

ILLEGAL

NOW

ILLEGAL

READ

program

GOSUB

nested

to

more

than

20

levels.

The

DEFine

function

contains

an

error.

statement

In

either

a DIMENSION

or

a

COMMON

statement,

subscript

is

hot

an

integer

number

or

array

has

been

dimensioned

previously.

Execution

of

INPUT

statement

was

attempted

in

immediate

mode.

A

write-only

device

was

opened

for

input

or

an

attempt

was

made

to

input

from

a

file

opened

for

outpu.t.

B-3

?LTL

?NBF

?NER

?NPR

?NSM

?OFO

?OOD

?OVF

?l>TB

?PWF

?RBG

BASIC

ERROR

MESSAGES

LINE

TOO

LONG

The

line

being

typed

is

longer

than

120

characters;

the

line

buffer

over

flows.

'

FOR

The

corresponding

to

a

FOR

statement

precedes

the

FOR

statement.

NOT

ENOUGH

ROOM

Cassette

is

full

and

there

is

not

.

enough

.

room

to

open

.

file

•

May

be

caused

by

an

OPEN

FOR

OUTPUT

statement

or

a

SAVE

or

REPLACE

command.

NO

PROGRAM

The

RUN

command

has

been

specified,

but

no

program

has

been

typed

in.

NUMBERS

AND

STRINGS

MIXED

String

and

numeric

variables

may

not

appear

in

the

same

expression

T

nor

may

they

be

set

equal

to

each

other;

for

example,

A$=2.

Nonfatal,

cassette

unit

indicated

was

off~line.

Cassette

should

be

mounted

and

operation

will

continue.

Fatal

cassette

error,

occurs

wheri

cassette

becomes

offline

after

I/O

has

started.

OUTPUT

FILE

OVERFLOW

OUT

OF

DATA

OVERFLOW

PROGRAM

TOO

BIG

POWER

FAIL

Reached

end

of

cassette

outputting

to

file.

while

The

data

list

was

exhausted

and

a

READ

requestredadditional

data~

The

result

of

a

computation

is

too

large

for

the

computer

to

handle.

Ttie

line

just

entered

caused

the

program

to

exceed

the

user

code

area.

Reduce'

program

size

by

eliminating

remarks

and

by

using

subroutines,

user-defined

functions,

overlaying,

and

chaining.

A

power

fail

interrupt

occurred

while

the

specified

program

line

was

executing.

All

files

are

closed.

RETURN

BEFORE

GOSUB

A

RETURN

was

encountered

before

execution

of

a

GOSUB

statemen.t.

,.'-

......

,.

B-4

I

~

\

(

.;;

(

\

((

/

"

(

f

(

?RPL

?SOB

?SSO

?STL

?SYN

BASIC

ERROR

l-lESSAGES

USER

REPLACE

SUBSCRIPT

OUT

OF

File

sa~ed

~lready

existed

on

device.

Caused

by

SAVE

command.

BOUNDS

The

subscript

computed

than

32,167

oi'

is

bounds

d~fined

in

statement.

'is

greater

outside

the

DIM

STRING

STORAGE

OVERFLOW

STRING

TOO

LONG

SYNTAX

ERROR

Not

enough

store

all

,

program.

Demory

is

availaple'

to

th~

strings

used

in

the

The

maximum

length

of

a

string

in

a

BASIC

statemaentis

255

characters.

The

prog.raa

has

encountered

an

unrecognizable

statement.

Common

examples

of

syntax

errors

are

misspelled

commands

I

unmatched

parentheses"

and

other

typographical

errors.

,?TIMING{:t

Cassette

hardware

timing

error.

?TLT LINE

TOO

LONG

TO

TRANSLATE

?UFN

UNDEFINED

FUNCTION,

Lines

are,i:ranslatedasentered

and

the

line

just

entered

exceeds

the

area

available

for

translation.

The

function

called

was

not

defined

py

the

'program

or

was

not

loaded

wi

th

BASIC

Qr

th,ere

was,

a

syntax

error

in

the

first

keyword

on

a

'line

and

BASIC

translated

the

line

,

as

an,

impl.ied

CALL

s

ta

temen

t.

?ULN

UNDEFINED

LINE

NUMBER

?WLO

WRITE

LOCKOUT

WRT

L~CK}O

?l

"

'h

J

?WRT

LOCK

o

I

The

line

number

specified

in

an

IF,

GO

TO

or

GOSUB

statement

does

not

exist

anywhere

in

the

program.

Tried

to

write

on

a

file

opened

for

input

or

tried

to

open

for

output

a

read~only

device.

Nonfatal,

,

cassette

on

unit

indicated

was

write-locked.

Write

enable

cassette

and

continue

(removing

ca,ssetteto

write

enable

it

will

cause

the

nonfatal

OFFLINE

message)

•

Cassette

on

unit

indicated

was

write-locked

while

I/O

was

in

progress.

B-5

BASIC

ERROR

NESSAGES

?~ER/A~

ERROR/aThe

program

tried

to

compute

the

value

A~B,

where

A

is

less

than

0

and

B

is

not

an

integer.

This

produces

a

complex

number

which

is

not

represented

in

BASIC.

When

the

message

?DNR

ATLINExxxxx

is

printed

because

the

device

referred

to

is

not

on-line,

turn

the

device

on

and

issue

a

GO

TO

XXXXX

statement.

Execution

of

the

program

resumes

at

the

11ne

(xxxxx)

specified.

This

message

may

also

indicate

that

a

program

file

does

not

contain

any

legal

BASIC

program

lines.

Where

the

message

?OOD

AT

LINE

xxxxx

is

printed

because

the

file

referred

to

by

an

INPUT'

statement

is

not

ready,

prepare

the

file

and

issue

a

GO

TO

statement

to

resume

execution.

Function

Errors

The

following

errors

can

occur

when a

function

is

called

improperly.

?ARG

?SYN

The

argument

used

is

the

wrong

type.

For

example,

the

argument

was

numeric

and

the

functiow

expected

a

string

expression.

The

wrong

number

of

arguments

was

used

in

a

function.,

or

the

wrong

character

was

used

to

separate

them.

For

example,

PRINT

SIN(X,Y)

produces

a

syntax

error.

In

addition,

the

functions

give

the

errors

listed

below.

FNa

(

•••

)

?UFN

?SYN

The

function

a

has

not

been

defined

(function

cannot

be

defined

by

an

immediate

mode

statement).

A

syntax

error

has

been

found

in

the

expression

in

the

DEF

statement

which

defined

the

function.

This

error

message

is

produced

by

statements

evaluating

user-defined

functions,

not

by

the

statement

defining

the

function.

RND

or

RND(expr)

No

errors

SIN (e.l!;pr)

COS

(expr)

PI

SQR(expr)

ATN(expr)

EXP

(expr)

LOG{expr)

LOGIC

(expr)

?SYN

?ARG

No

errors

No

errors

An

.

arg,1J4i!'~n.t

was

lncI

uded

Expression

is

negative

No

errors

Expression

is

greater

than

87

Expression

is

negative

or

0

Expression

is

negative

or

0

B-6

(

'~

(

\

B-7

"

(

C'

(

Analog,

3-4

Argument,

7-1

Bootstrap

Loader,

2-6

Buffer

Status

Light,

1-3

Buffer

size,

3-6

Call

statement,

A-I

Cassette,

1-4,

2-1

bootstrap,

2-5

copy,

2-8

dismounting,

2-4

formatting,

2-2

loader,

2-5

mounting,

2-2

system,

2-5

using,

2-2

zero,

2-7

Character

strings,

6-4

Command

Summary,

A-2

Commands,

A-l

Components,

hardware,

1-1,

1-2

software,

2-5

Console,

1-2

elements,

1-2

operation,

.

3-1

Control

switches,

PDP-ll/IO,

1-1

Copying

cassettes,

2-8

(CR)

Carriage

Return,

1-2

Creating

a

new

system

cassette,

2-9,

3-8

Data

record,

2-2-

DECwriter

(LA36),

1-2

digital"

3-4

Restarting,

2-7,

4-3

Error

messages,

BASIC. CAPS

error,

B-1

fatal

-

PDL,

5-1

.

instrument,

5-3

nonfatal

.~

PDL,

5-1,

5-3

F a

tal

error

messages

I·

5-1

File,

transfer

PIP,

2-B

Format,

cassette,

2-2

Halt

key,

2-6

Hardware

components,

1-1

INDEX

~mmediate

Mode,

6-2

programming,

6-1

Initialization,

3-1

Instrument

errors,

5-1

LA36

DECwriter,

1-2

Line

Feed

key,

·1-2

Line

numbers,

6-1

Locking

bar,

2-4

Local

operator

console,

1-2

Loading,

CAPS/BASIC,

2-5

CAPS-ll,

2-5

PDL,

3-1,

4-1

Mark

button,

1-3

Mathematic

operation,

6-3

Mode,

6-1

immediate,

6-2

program,

6-2

Mounting

a

cassette,

2-2

Hultiple

statement

lines,

6-3

Non-fatal

error,

5-1

BASIC

CAPS-II,

B-1

PDL,

5-1

Write-Lock

errors,

2-1

Numbers

representation

in

BASIC,

6-1

Operation,

console,

3-1

Optional

functions,

3-2

OVer

view,

1-4,

6-1

BASIC,

1-4,

6-1

PDP-ll/IO

control

switches,

1-2

PDL

Daily

Run,

4-1

Peripheral

Interchange

Program

(see

PIP)

ptp,

2-B

calling

and

using,

2-B

Program,

7-1

sample,

7-5

Programmed

Hode,

6-2

Programmerts

console,

(PDP-ll/IO),

1-2

run

ready

light,

1-3

Rebooting

BASIC,

2-7

Record,

2

....

2

data,

2-2

gaps,

2-2

header,

2-2

INDEX-I

Record

(cant.),

length,

2-2

Relational

operation,

6-3

Removing

a

cassette,

2~4

Report

Generator,

7-1

AA;

7-7

Coulter,

7-7

SMA,

7-5

Rewind

button,

2-4

Transferring

files,

PIP,

2-8

Variables,

6-4

subscripted,

6-.5

Write-Lock,

2-1

Write..,.Protect

tabs,

2-1

Sample

program,

7-5

Zeroing

a

cassette,

2-7

Set

up,

3-4

Special

characters

and

commands,

1-2,

A-I

CTRL!U, .

A-3

rubout,

1-2,

A-3

Start

button,

1-3

Starting

a

program,

4-1

STAT r

7-5

Statements,

BASIC,

6-3

Strings

in

BASIC,

6-1

Subroutines,

7-1

general

interface,

7-2

Subscripted,

6-1

System

cassette,

2-5

INDEX-2

(

\,

(

J

c....:.

.

-,

I'

(

,/

(

(.

"

(

HOW

TO

OBTAIN

SOFTWARE

INFORMATION

SOFTWARE

NEWSLETTERS,

MAILING

LIST

The

Software

Communications

Group,

located

at

corporate

headquarters

in

Maynard,

publishes

software

newsletters

for

the

various

DIGITAL

products.

Newsletters

are

published

monthly,

and

keep

the

user

informed

about

cus-

tomer

software

problems

and

solutions,

new

software

products,documenta-

tion

corrections,

as

well

as

programming

notes

and

techniques.

.

There

are

two

similar

levels

of

service:

The

Software

Dispatch

The

Digital

Software

News

The

Software.

Dispatch

is

part

of

the

Software

Maintenance

Service.

This

service

applies

to

the

following

software

products:

PDP-9/15

RSX-IID

DOS/BATCH

RSTS-E

DECsystem-lO

A

Digital

Software

News

for

the

PDP-II

and

a

Digital

Software

News

far

the

PDP.,..8/12

are

available

to

any

customer

who

has.

purchased

PDP-II

or

PDP-8/12

software.

A

collection

of

existing

problems

and

solutions

for

a

given

software

system

is

published

periodically.

A

customer

receives

this

publication

with

his

initial

software

kit

with

the

delivery

of

his

system.

This·

collection

would

be

either

a

Software

Dispatch

Review

or

Software

Per-

formance

Summary

depending

on

the

system

ordered.

A

mailing

list

of

users

who

receive

software

newsletters

is

also

main-

tained

by

Software

Communications.

Users

must

sign-up

for

the

news~

l.etter

they

desire.

This

can

be

done

by

either

completing

the

form

sup-

plied

with

the

Revi~w

or

Summ~y

or

by

writing

to:

SOFTWARE

PROBLEMS

Software

Communications

P.O.

Box F

Maynard,

Massachusetts

01754·

Questions

or

problems

relating

to

DIGITAL's

software

should

be

reported

as

follOWS:

North

and

South

American

Submitters:

Upon

completion

of

Software

Performance

Report

(SPR)

form

remove

last

copy

and

send

remainder

to:

Software

communications

P.O.

Box F

Maynard,

Massachusetts

01754

The

acknowled~ent

copy

will

be

returned

along

with

a

blank

SPR"form

upon

receipt.

The

acknowledgement

will

contain

a DIGITAL

assigned

SPR

number.

The

SPR nUmber

or

the

preprinted

number

should

be

referenced

in

any

future

correspondence.

Additional

SPR

forms

may

be

obtained

from

the

above

address;.

All

International

Submitters:

Upon

completion

of·theSPR

form,

reserve

the

last

copy

and

send

the

re-

mainder

to

the

SPR

Center

in

the

nearest

DIGITAL

office.

SPR

forms

are

.also

available

from

our

SPR

Centers.

PROGRAMS

AND

MANUALS

Software

and

manuals

should

be

ordered

by

title

and

order

number.

In

the

United

States,

send

orders

to

the

nearest

distribution

center.

Digital

Equipment

Corporation

Software

Distribution

Center

146

Main

Street

Digital

Equipment

Corporation

Software

Distribution

Center

1400

Terra

Bella

Maynard,

Massachusetts

01754

Mountain

View,

California

94043

Outside

of

the

united

States,

Digital

Field

Sales

Office

or

orders

should

be

directed

to

the

nearest

representative.

USERS

SOCIETY

DECUS,

Digital

Equipment

Computers

Users

Society,

maintains

a

user

ex-

change

center

for

user~written

programs

and

technical

application

infor-

mation.

The

Library

contains

approximately

1,900

programs

for

all

DIGITAL

computer

lines.

Executive

routines,

editors,

debuggers,

special

functions,game.s,

maintenance

and

various

other

classes

of

programs

are

available.

DECUS.

Prog.ram

Library

Catalogs.

are

routinely

updated

and

contain

lists.

and

abstracts

of

all

programs

according

to

computer

line:

PDP-8,

FOCAL-8, .BASIC-8, PDP-12

PDP-7/9,

9,

15

PDP-II,

RSTS-II

PDP-6/10,

10

Forms

and

information

on

acquiring

and

submitting

programs

to

the.

DEeUS

Library

may

be

obtained

from

the

DECUS

office.

In

addition

to

the

catalogs,

DECUSalso

publishes

the

following:

DECUSCOPE

PROCEEDINGS

OF

TaE DIGITAh.

EQUIPMENT.

USERS

SOCIETY

MINUTES

OF

THE

DECsystem-lO

SESSIONS

COPY-N-Mail

LUG/SIG

-The

Society's

technical

newsletter,

published

bi-monthly,

aimed

at

facilitating

the

interchange

of

technical

in-

formation

among

users

of

DIGITAL.

computers

and

at

dis-

seminating

news

items

concerning

the

Society.

Circula-

tion

reached

19,000

in

May,

1974.

~Contains

technical

papers

presented

at

DECUS

Symposia

held

twice

a

year

in

the

United

States,

once

a

year

in

Europe,

Australia,

and

Canada.

-l\.

report

of

the

DECsystem-lO

sessions

held

at

the

two

United

States

DECUS

Symposia.

-A

monthly

mailed

communique among

DECsystem-IO

users.

-Mailingo·f

Local

User

Group

(LUG)

and

SpeciaL

Interest

Group

(SIG)

communique,

aimed

at

providing

closer

communication

among

users

of

a

specific

product

or

application.

Further

information

on

the'DECUS

Library,

publications,

and

other

DECUS

activities

is

available

from

the

DECUS

offices

listed

below:

DECUS-

Digital

Equipment

Corporation

146

Main

Street

Maynard,

Massachusetts

01754

DECUS

EUROPE

Digital

Equipment

Corp.

International

(Europe)

P.O.

Box

340

121lGeneva

26

switzerland

(

\ (

(

l

~

..

(

/

./

,/

f \

t".

.i'l

c

(

c .

,;

/

\

I

f

,

I

,

1

,

I

,

I

f

I

.•

l~

1=

t.!'!

,-£

Ig>

l~

J~

16

I

~

I g

10::

,

I

. 1

I

I,

I

J

,

I

,

I

,

f

I

I'

I

1

READER'S

COMMENTS

PDL

Operator's

Guide

DEC-ll....;OPUGA-A~D

NOTE:

This

form

is

for

document

comments

only.

Problems

with

software

should

be

reported

on

a

Software

Problem

Report

(SPR)

form

(see

the

HOW

TO

OBTAIN

SOFTWARE

INFORMATION

page).

Did

you·

find

errors

in

.this

manual?

If

so,

specify

by

page.

,

.'

Did

you

find

this

manual

understandable,

usable,

.and

well~organized?

Please

niake

suggestions

for

improvement.

Is

there

sufficient

documentation

on

associated

~ystemprograms

required

for

use

of

the.

software

described

in

t:his

manual?'

If

not,

what

material

is

missing

and

where

shoul.d

it

be

pl.aced?

.

Please

indicate

the

type

of

user/reader

that

YOll

most

nearly'

represent.

o

Assembly

language

programmer

[J

Higher-level

language

programmer

o

Occasional

prog..rammer(experienced)

o

User

with

little

programming

experience

o

Student

pro-grammer

o Non-proCi1rammer

interested

in

computer

concepts

and

capabilities

Name

Date

_______________________ _

Organi2ation

____

~

________________________

--------

__

------------~

__

~--~

Street

__________

------

__

----------~----------

______

--

__

-------------------

City....,...-

____

----------

State

________

Zip

Code

______

_

or

Country

If

you

do

not

require

a

written

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please

check

here.

[]

DEC 11 OPUGA A D PDL Operator's Guide

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