ERA 1101 F06 Communication Between_Dec50 Between Dec50

ERA-1101-f06-CommunicationBetween_Dec50 ERA-1101-f06-CommunicationBetween_Dec50

User Manual: ERA-1101-f06-CommunicationBetween_Dec50

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Em INEERINJ RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC.
OPERATIONS DIVISION

TM- 15

Date 12 December 1950

,
TECHnICAL }.{SMORANDUM COVER SHEET

Title of l!emorandum - Communication Between Electronic Circuitry and Mechanical
or Electro-Mechanical Devices
Developed by
Memorandum prepared by
Work Done Under
Classification of Memorandum
Drawing Number of Memorandum
Date of Memorandum

Task 13 Personnel
F. C. Mullaney
3020 - Task 13

None
XAl9142
12 December 1950 .

Description
A discussion of the means of communication used in the Task 13 machine
between the electronic equipment and mechanical or electro-mechanical devices.
Distribution:
St. Paul

BuSh ips (855)
US NCk'L

J. E. Parker
W. C. Norris
Knight Pryor
J. M. Coombs
J. H. Boekhoff
R. K. Patterson
"'~l • F. Winget
R. H. Sorensen
Project Super'(isors
Project Engineers
ERA Library

w.
w.
v.

K.
D.
R.
E.
'vV.

L.
D.

Arli~ton

Aamoth
T. D. Rowan H. T.
C. Rowland
P. Burrell
R. c.
R. F. Thews
L. R.
A. Gill
I. Hinz
T. D. Thomas R. E.
J. E. Thornton
E. Johnson
F. E•.Tidball
C. Johnston
A. Madvig
E. Tomash
A. Nelson
D. H. Toth
Ogden
D. M. Weidenbach
C. Pollock
E. B. Zimmer
H. Raudenbush Technical Writers

Engstrom
Bryant
Steinhardt
Kilham
'-

Unclassified or Restricted techrUcal. memorandum may be ordered directly
from the Ozalid Room by a print requisition countersigned by a project engineer
or a supervisor. A file of unclassified technical memorandums will be maintained
in the ERA Library for general use. Technical memorandums of a classification
higher than Rest~icted will not be issued with. a cover sheet, but may be ordered
by authorized personnel directly from the Ozalid Room on a classified print requisition. These prints are subject to all security regulations including a Quarterly
Inventory and must be returned in the event of employee termination.

,_~_,r..o-"c,\c<

•••

12 December 1950
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM NO.

COM~CATION

BETWEEN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY

AND
MECHANICAL OR ELECTRO-MECHANICAL DEVICES

In the design of electronic computing equipment it is necessar.y
to provide means of communication between the electronic equipment and
mechanical or eleotro-mechanical .devices. In the Task 13 equipment, such
communication includes the followings
1.
2.

4.
5.

Vanua! Start.
\
Operation of relays as a result or pulse occurrence.
Producing relay contact pulses 88 a result of a very
short pulse (O.lusec).
Communioating with the output system.
Generation .of system clock pulses tor use on single
step or "inch" 9peration •

•

The above problems will be t~en up in order. It is recognized
that there are m~ methods' of accomplishing these results. The ones
discussed have proved to be very reliable.
The standard pulses in the arithmetic and control systems vary
between 0.1 and'O.2 US8C in width and from 20 to 35 volts in amplitude.
Pulse widths up to
usec may be tolerated with the standard circuitry.
__ ~j1e o~_~.~!tis fact W88 taken in the development ot thE! circuits discusse
elow.

0.,

Page 1 ot 11

Manual start

This a.pplication calls for the generation of a single pulse as a
result of a mechanical contact closure. This pulse must be coincident with
a standard clock pulse.
,
The first is the productio~
The second is the
synchronizing ot this signal with the standard clock pUlses. For the first
step, a self-extinguishing thyratron circuit was chosen because an output
pulse of V'ery short rise time may be easily obtained. Adjustment of circuit
time constants eliminates spurious pulses due to contact bounce. This circuit'
is shown in Fi~e 1.
This is accomplished in two steps.

of a single sharp pulse initiated by a contact closure.

+ 210

PUSH BUTTON OR
RELAY CONTACT
-Jl-

.003
OlJ'T

.05

12K

33K

R5
470

-10

Figure 1 - Pulse-former

The thyratron is norma.l.ly held off by the -10 volt bias.
charged to +210 volts.
.
'.

"':-..:.;..:~;.~-;.:-

Capacitor C3 is

.. -

Capacitor C1 serves the dual purpose of preventing firing due to
elimi~at1ng DlUoh of the oontact bounce signal.

cross-talk and

Capacitor C2 is initially disoharged (-10 both sides). Closing
the contact oauses the grid to momentarily come to ground potential. The
tube fires,. producing a negative output at@. Firing or the tube discharges
C). The tube will go out when' ~he plate reaches the extinction potential as
C,3 discharges. The tube cannot fire again until C3 charges through 1\ to the
tiring potential. By this time, however, the grid has regained its negative
bi.. and the tube remains ott.
,.

Page 2 ot II

The output pulse is several microseconds wide so must be shaped
into a usable pulse. For this purpose the circuit of Figure 2 was used.

+80

'/2 6AL5
6.8 K

~.7USE~.

470

Figure 2 - Pulse Shaper

-The "6AN5 is normally conduoting.- 'ffirtJtffii-,"rl'fli'tfl~~IIt:r:TOn
circu.1t cuts orf the tube 'thereby' interrupting the flow of current through
the inductance. The potential at
wil.l rise sharply, its limit being
proportional to. L~~. The circuit will attElll1pt to oscillate, but i& pre-

vented from doing so by the damping diode. The output is essentially a
hal.1' -sine wave of about 40 v amplitude and 0.7 usee duration.

Page
,.

3 of II

,One more stage is necessary to produce a pulse approximating the
standard characteristics. Figure 3 shows the pulse amplifier used throughout the equipment.
+80

®
o

+210

270

100 K

-15
F~ure

3 - Pulse Amplifier

When the ~ignal from
ot Figure 2 is applied to the input of
Figure 3, an output will appear across C. Either polar! ty may be used.
'!'he cireui t will. deliver about a 35 ;~. . pul8e into a loo.n.. load. When used
with Figure 2, the width is about O~l{usec.
Since these three circuits will be used throughout the discussion,

it is convenient to assign names and eymbols for them. (See Figure 4). The
symbols from left to right represent the circuits of Figures 1,> 2, and 3
respectively.,
'

-t::l....
0
0

·1

p F

THYRATRON
PULSE .,
FORMER

-,~

p S

----

r.:r

irt-n

Rft5~

P A

SHAPER

t--

PULSE
A MPLIFIE R

Figure 4 - Uanually Initiated Pulse Former
Page

of 11

•
The second step regarding manual start is the synchronizing of the
manually initiated signal with the standard clock pulses.
Figure

The simplest method of accomplishing this would be the circuit of
GATE
CLOCK
PULS£S

L"\..
~~

...

X
I'

FLIP

FLOP

MANUALLY
INITIATED PULSE

Figure

SINGLE
PULSE OUT

CLEAR

Elementar,y Synchronizing Circuit

The gate is biased off by the flip-flop. The manually initiated,
pulse triggers the flip-floPJ-on. clock pulse passes through the gate and
•
returns the flip-flop to the normal. condition.

With this circuit, however, 'there exists a possibility of producing as output a "runt" pulse. The initiating pulse may occur at any
time with respect to the clock pulsesJ the gate may be only partially
enabled when a clock pulse occurs. To eliminate this possibility, the
arrangement of Figure 6 was used.

CLOCK
PULSES
SINGLE
.......- - - - . P,ULSE
OUT •

FFI

FF 2

I U SEC:
DELAY

MANUALLY
INITIATED --~----'
PULSE

Figure 6 - Synchronizing Circuit

Page

5 of

Now i t a ttruntft pulse is emitted from Gate 1 it will either trigger
FF2 or it will not. If it does, FF2 has ample time to completely enable G2
·before the next clock pulse occurs. If it does not, the next one will. The
purpose of the delay in the cleat" line is to avoid the possibility of "confusing" FF2 by pulsing both sides simultaneously with signals of different
amplitudes. (Gl is putting out a pulse simultaneously with that from G2).

The Task 13 standard flip-flop and gate circuits will not be
discussed here as other material is available on the subject. The delay
circuit of Fieure 6 is shown schematically in Figure 7.
+80

.-----ft·----t~

TO F F

--/\!'-~

t.-

I20 V

I U SEC.

R2
10 K

RI
100 K

Figure

1 - Ona Microsecond Delay

The tube is normally conducting. The input puls e is a standard
negative pulse of at least 20 v amplitude. This pulse charges 01 through
diode CRl, cutting off the tube." The charge leaks off through Rl. The
grid signal. is there.fore a "stretched" pulse which keeps the tube cut off
tor about 2 usec. When the plate current cuts otf, an output is" produced
from the plate in the form of a damped sine wave. The signal is R-C coupled
to the FF. The negative portion is used and provides a delay of abQut 1 usee
from the ~nitiating pulse.

2". .Relay

Operation as a Result of Pulse Occurrence
"."~

When certain pulses occur within the computer, it is necessar.y to
operate relays to perform indicating and control functions. For this service
the arrangement ot Figure 8 was used. Considerable' loss of emission can be
tolerated in the" 5681 tube before relay operation fails.

Page 6 of 11

•

. -.

,..

+150

1300

CLARE

SK 5014

OR
SK 10004

220 K

150 K

,INITIATING _ _---'
PULSE

CLEAR

-60

Figure 8 - Flip-flop and Relay Puller

3. Pulsed Relay Operation
Pulsed relays are needed for several control applications. Time
15 MS to 60 IE for different uses.. A cathode
coupled one-shot multivibrator was used combined with the relay puller of
Figure. 8.' (See Figure 9).
.
of nenergy-on" varies from

•

+150

+210

1300..n...
RELAY
R

22 K

ItAU7

.--I1----4~-.........

-20

•
-15

-60

-60
~

Figure 9 - One-Shot Mllltivibrator and Relay Puller

Page 7 of 11

.....

__ .'0"'

The pulse duration is equal to kRC; for this circuit k
within the range used.

4. Providing

= .28

Information to the Output System

It was required to print out a character corresponding t\a sixdigit binary number. The information was read out of storage to a hyratronrelay registor. These relays energize the relay translator which selects the
proper typewriter solenoid. Each element of the register has theAcircuit of
Figure 10.

NEON
INDICATORS

+ 150

THRU CONTROL CONTACTS

33 K

IND.
ON

•
I MEG.

READ TO ____
PPR

....--~+-JL---------~~--+-

-20
ENABLE FROM
READING AMPLIFIER

Figure 10 - Print-Punch Register Element

To initiate" the print cycle I the circuit of Figure 11 was
used.

•
Page 8

.~
N

~
0)
r-
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