GPDD User Guide
User Manual:
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Page Count: 19
1
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The!Global!Population!Dynamics!Database!
(GPDD)!
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User!Guide!
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2
Contents!
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3
Credits!
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Contact!
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Telephone!
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E?mail!
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Citing!the!GPDD!
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Front!cover:!2900!abundance!time?series!from!the!Global!Population!Dynamics!Database¹.!!
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4
Introduction
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!
History!of!the!GPDD!
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6
Data!Sources!
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Minimal!use!of!Nulls!
MG#!+%#!'5!(+,,!<8,+#%!G8%!T##(!?&(&?&%#A!&(!4#[4!5&#,A%!CG#$#<#$!7'%%&T,#]!>(%4#8A=!m('(#n!&%!
+%#A!CG#$#!4G#!A848!%'+$F#!%484#%!4G84!4G#$#!&%!('!&(5'$?84&'(=!!m('4!%7#F&5&#An!CG#$#!4G#!
A848!%'+$F#!58&,%!4'!%484#!4G#!&(5'$?84&'(=!m+(D('C(n!CG#$#!C#!C#$#!+(8T,#!8FF#%%!4G#!5+,,!
A848!%'+$F#!8(A!m('4!877,&F8T,#n!CG#$#!('4!$#,#<8(4]!!>(!(+?#$&F8,!5&#,A%=!+%+8,,-!$#,84&(:!4'!
8!F8,#(A8$!-#8$=!mWWWWn!&(A&F84#%!8!(+,,!<8,+#]!
!
10
Accessing!the!GPDD!
MG#!O6;;!A848!?8-!T#!j+#$&#A!8(A!A'C(,'8A#A!5$'?!4G#!_#T!7'$48,!
G447%\ccCCC]&?7#$&8,]8F]+DcF7Tc:7AA)c:7AA]8%7[]!!
a(F#!,'::#A!&(!4'!<)=!4G#!#(4&$#!A848T8%#!Y#[F,+A&(:!$#%4$&F4#A!%#$&#%Z!F8(!T#!A'C(,'8A#A!8%!8!
X&F$'%'54!EFF#%%!A848T8%#!+%&(:!4G#!,&(D!'(!4G#!,#54RG8(A!%&A#!'5!4G#!78:#!Y5&:!)Z]!
!
!
i&:+$#!/]!;'C(,'8A&(:!4G#!O6;;!8%!8(!XBEFF#%%!A848T8%#]!
!
Restricted!access!series!
;+#!4'!,&F#(%&(:!$#%4$&F4&'(%!SVS!%#$&#%!5$'?!S!%'+$F#%!F8(('4!T#!A&%4$&T+4#A!C&4G'+4!4G#!
7#$?&%%&'(!'5!4G#!'C(#$]!MG#%#!8$#!A848!5$'?!4G#!9$&4&%G!M$+%4!5'$!a$(&4G',':-n%!3'??'(!
9&$A!3#(%+%!YWKZ!8(A!3'(%48(4!155'$4!2#F'$A&(:!BFG#?#!YN)Z=!2'4G8?%4#8A!1[7#$&?#(48,!
B484&'(=!HI!YWZ=!4G#!084&'(8,!?'(&4'$&(:!7$':$8??#!5'$!C&(4#$&(:!C&,A5'C,!&(!0'$C8-!/WV.!
o!WN!YM]!0-:8$A=!)NZ=!Phalacrocorax&carbo!YO$#84!F'$?'$8(4Z!8(A!Somateria&mollissima!
Y3'??'(!#&A#$Z!%#$&#%!%+77,&#A!T-!0]!2'<!Y)Z!8(A!A848!5$'?!&(%#F4!,&:G4!4$877&(:!%+77,&#A!T-!
Q]!_',A8!YJ)NZ]!!
!
11
GPDD!Data!Structure!
MG#!O6;;!&%!8!$#,84&'(8,!A848T8%#!F'?7$&%#A!'5!%&[!48T,#%!Yi&:]!NZ]!
!
!
!
i&:+$#!N]!!O6;;!48T,#%!8(A!$#,84&'(%]!
!
Database!table!fields!and!data!types!
B&^#!s!%&^#!'5!5&#,A=!7!s!7$#F&%&'(]!
XB!EFF#%%!A848!4-7#%!
8A>(4#:#$! ! 5'+$RT-4#!%&:(#A!&(4#:#$!Y;9ML61u>PZ]!
8A"8$_3G8$! ! 0+,,R4#$?&(84#A!H(&F'A#!FG8$8F4#$!%4$&(:]!
8A;'+T,#! ! ;'+T,#R7$#F&%&'(!5,'84&(:R7'&(4!<8,+#!Y;9ML61u2VZ]!
8AB?8,,>(4! ! MC'RT-4#!%&:(#A!&(4#:#$!Y;9ML61u>)Z]!
8A9'',#8(! ! 9'',#8(!<8,+#!Y;9ML61u9aa@Z]!
8A0+?#$&F! ! 1[8F4!(+?#$&F!<8,+#!C&4G!8!5&[#A!7$#F&%&'(!8(A!%F8,#!Y;9ML61u0HX12>3Z]!
8A@'(:"8$_3G8$!! @'(:!(+,,R4#$?&(84#A!H(&F'A#!%4$&(:!<8,+#]!
!
12
MAIN!table!
E!XE>0!$#F'$A!&%!8!m4&?#!%#$&#%n!CG&FG!&%!+(&j+#!M8['(c@'F84&'(c@&5#3-F,#!F'?T&(84&'(]!
B#j+#(4&8,!A848!5'$!?+,4&7,#!,&5#!%48:#%!Y#]:]!#::%=!,8$<#!8(A!8A+,4%Z!8$#!%7,&4!&(4'!A&55#$#(4!
X8&(!$#F'$A%!8(A!?+%4!T#!8?8,:8?84#A!4'!F$#84#!8!%&(:,#!4&?#!%#$&#%]!_G#$#!?'$#!4G8(!
'(#!8A+,4!:#(#$84&'(!'FF+$%!7#$!-#8$!:#(#$84&'(!&%!&A#(4&5&#A!&(!4G#!:#(#$84&'(!F',+?(!'5!
4G#!A848!48T,#]!!!
Name!
Type!
Size!
P!
Description!
X8&(>;!
8A>(4#:#$!!
!
/.!
E+4'?84&F!+(&j+#!>;!
M8['(>;!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
>;!0+?T#$!&(!M8['(!48T,#!
;848B'+$F#>;!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
>;!0+?T#$!&(!;848%'+$F#!48T,#!
9&'4'7#>;!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
>;!0+?T#$!&(!9&'4'7#!48T,#!
@'F84&'(>;!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
>;!0+?T#$!&(!@'F84&'(!48T,#!
B8?7,&(:H(&4%!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
MG#!#(4&4-!'T%#$<#A]!1(4$&#%!&(F,+A#=!m8A+,4%n=!mF#,,%n=!m#::!
?8%%#%n=!8(A!m7#,4%n]!!
B8?7,&(:6$'4'F',!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
Q'C!#(4&4&#%!C#$#!%8?7,#A]!"8,+#%!8$#!m3'+(4n=!m3'+(4!
Y?&,,&'(%Zn=!mQ8$<#%4n=!m>(A#[!'5!8T+(A8(F#n=!m>(A#[!'5!4#$$&4'$&#%n=!
m@#85!8$#8n=!mX#8(!3'+(4n=!m0'4!B7#F&5&#An=!m6#$F#(4!F'<#$n!8(A!
mB8?7,#n]!
B'+$F#;&?#(%&'(!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
MG#!A&?#(%&'(!'5!%'+$F#!48T,#!'$!:$87G]!"8,+#%!8$#!E$#8!
F'<#$8:#=!9&'?8%%=!384FG=!3'+(4=!3'+(4!Y#%4&?84#AZ=!;#(%&4-=!
;#(%&4-!Y#%4&?84#AZ=!>(A#[=!>(A#[!R!36H1=!X#8(!E$#8!3'<#$8:#=!
X#8(!9&'?8%%=!X#8(!F'(F#(4$84&'(=!X#8(!3'+(4=!X#8(!
;#(%&4-=!X#8(!Q8$<#%4=!X&(&?+?!3'+(4=!0'4!B7#F&5&#A=!6#$F#(4!
3'+(4=!2#,84&<#!;#(%&4-=!M$8(%5'$?#A!9&'?8%%=!M$8(%5'$?#A!
3'+(4=!M$8(%5'$?#A!;#(%&4-!8(A!H(D('C(]!
B8?7,&(:155'$4!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
MG#!%8?7,&(:!#55'$4]!H%+8,,-!8!?#8%+$#!'5!4#?7'$8,!#55'$4!T+4!
8,%'!F#(%+%=!A#(%&4-=!G8$<#%4]!!
B784&8,;#(%&4-!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
MG#!%784&8,!+(&4!'5!8!A#(%&4-]!
B'+$F#M$8(%5'$?!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
E(-!4$8(%5'$?84&'(!'5!4G#!A848]!
B'+$F#M$8(%5'$?2#5#$#(F#!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
;#48&,%!'5!4G#!$#5#$#(F#!<8,+#!'5!8(-!A848!4$8(%5'$?84&'(]!
98%#!L#8$=!@':=!0'(#=!0'4!B7#F&5&#A=!6$'7'$4&'(=!H(D('C(=![!
/...!,T%]!
E%%'F&84#A;848B#4%!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
3'??8!%#78$84#A!,&%4!'5!X8&(>;!'5!'4G#$!%#$&#%!5$'?!4G#!%8?#!
%4+A-!'$!4'!CG&FG!4G#!%#$&#%!F8(!T#!A&$#F4,-!F'?78$#A]!
2#,&8T&,&4-!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
B+Th#F4&<#!28(D!/RJ=!/!s!,#8%4!$#,&8T,#=!J!s!?'%4!$#,&8T,#!Y%##!
U+8,&4-!3'(4$',Z]!
B48$4L#8$!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
MG#!-#8$!&(!CG&FG!%8?7,&(:!F'??#(F#A]!
1(AL#8$!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
>(%#$4!4G#!-#8$!&(!CG&FG!%8?7,&(:!#(A#A]!
B8?7,&(:i$#j+#(F-!
8A"8$_3G8$!
J.!
!
E77$'[&?84#!(+?T#$!'5!%8?7,#%!7#$!-#8$]!
;848%#4@#(:4G!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
M'48,!(+?T#$!'5!%8?7,#%]!
0'4#%!
8A@'(:"8$_3G8$!
!
!
0'4#%!
B&T,-i&44#AMG#48!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
38,F+,84#A!8%!7#$!YB&T,-!#4!8,]!)..JZ]!
B&T,-MG#483>@'C#$!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
38,F+,84#A!8%!7#$!YB&T,-!#4!8,]!)..JZ]!
B&T,-MG#483>H77#$!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
38,F+,84#A!8%!7#$!YB&T,-!#4!8,]!)..JZ]!
B&T,-1[4$#?#0155#F4!
8A9'',#8(!
)!
!
38,F+,84#A!8%!7#$!YB&T,-!#4!8,]!)..JZ]!
B&T,-2#4+$(284#!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
38,F+,84#A!8%!7#$!YB&T,-!#4!8,]!)..JZ]!
B&T,-38$$-&(:3878F&4-!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
38,F+,84#A!8%!7#$!YB&T,-!#4!8,]!)..JZ]!
!
13
DATA!table!
MG#!;848!48T,#!%4'$#%!4G#!&(A&<&A+8,!4&?#!%#$&#%!8T+(A8(F#!$#F'$A%]!!!
!
Name!
Type!
Size!
P!
Description!
;848>;!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
E+4'?84&F!+(&j+#!>;!
X8&(>;!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
i'$#&:(!D#-!5$'?!XE>0!
6'7+,84&'(!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
6'7+,84&'(!A848!8%!7+T,&%G#A!
6'7+,84&'(H(4$8(%5'$?#A!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
2#4$'R4$8(%5'$?#A!7'7+,84&'(!A848!
B8?7,#L#8$!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
L#8$!'5!%8?7,#!YWWWW!&5!('4!877,&F8T,#Z!
M&?#6#$&'A>;!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
i'$#&:(!D#-!5$'?!M&?#6#$&'A!:&<&(:!4G#!4&?#!'5!-#8$!'$!%#j+#(F#!
'5!%8?7,&(:]!
O#(#$84&'(!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
O#(#$84&'(!(+?T#$!&5!?'$#!4G8(!/!:#(#$84&'(!7#$!-#8$]!"8,+#%!/=!
)!'$!(+,,]!
B#$&#%B4#7!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
M&?#R%F8,#A!4&?#R%#$&#%!%4#7]!B#$&#%!T#:&(!84!^#$'!8(A!4G#(!
&(F$#?#(4%!T-!4G#!?&(&?+?!4&?#!%4#7!$#j+&$#A!4'!A#5&(#!8,,!
7#$&'A%!T#4C##(!%8?7,#%]!
;#F&?8,L#8$9#:&(!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
;#F&?8,!-#8$!'5!4G#!T#:&((&(:!'5!4G#!%8?7,&(:!7#$&'A!'!
;#F&?8,L#8$1(A!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
;#F&?8,!-#8$!'5!4G#!#(A!'5!4G#!%8?7,&(:!7#$&'A!'!
DATASOURCE!table!
>(5'$?84&'(!'(!CG#$#!4G#!A848!C8%!'T48&(#A!5$'?=!$#,84&(:!4'!4G#!X8&(!48T,#!4G$'+:G!8!
+(&j+#!;848%'+$F#>;]!!B'+$F#%!'5!A848!&(F,+A#!7+T,&%G#A!h'+$(8,%=!T''D%!8(A!+(7+T,&%G#A!
A848%#4%!8(A!4G#!$#5#$#(F#%!A#48&,%!8$#!G#,A!G#$#]!!MG#!48T,#!8,%'!F'(48&(%!&(5'$?84&'(!
$#:8$A&(:!8FF#%%!$#%4$&F4&'(%=!F'(48F4!A#48&,%!8(A!&(!CG84!?#A&+?!4G#!A848!C8%!'T48&(#A]!
!
Name!
Type!
Size!
P!
Description!
;848B'+$F#>;!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
E+4'?84&F!+(&j+#!>;!
E+4G'$!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
E+4G'$Y%Z!
L#8$!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
L#8$!'5!7+T,&F84&'(!
M&4,#!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
M&4,#!
2#5#$#(F#!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
2#5#$#(F#!'$!F&484&'(!
E<8&,8T&,&4-!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
6+T,&F!'$!$#%4$&F4#A!8FF#%%!
3'(48F4EAA$#%%!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
3'(48F4!A#48&,%!
;848X#A&+?!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
i'$?84!'5!A848!8Fj+&$#A!
0'4#%!
8A@'(:"8$_3G8$!
!
!
0'4#%!
!
14
LOCATION!table!
08?#!
M-7#!
B&^#!
6!
;#%F$&74&'(!
@'F84&'(>;!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
E+4'?84&F!+(&j+#!>;!
1[8F408?#!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
08?#!'5!@'F84&'(!
M'C(08?#!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
M'C(!
3'+(4-B484#6$'<&(F#!
8A"8$_3G8$!
V.!
!
3'+(4-!'$!B484#!
3'+(4$-!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
3'+(4$-!
3'(4&(#(4!
8A"8$_3G8$!
J.!
!
3'(4&(#(4!
aF#8(!
8A"8$_3G8$!
J.!
!
aF#8(!
@'(:&4+A#;#:$##%!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
@'(:&4+A#!A#:$##%!'5!,'F84&'(cF#(4$'&A!
@'(:&4+A#X&(+4#%!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
@'(:&4+A#!?&(+4#%!'5!,'F84&'(cF#(4$'&A!
1'$_!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
18%4!'$!_#%4!
@84&4+A#;#:$##%!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
@84&4+A#!A#:$##%!'5!,'F84&'(cF#(4$'&A!
@84&4+A#X&(+4#%!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
@84&4+A#!A#:$##%!'5!,'F84&'(cF#(4$'&A!
0'$B!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
0'$4G!'$!B'+4G!
@'(:;;!
8A;'+T,#!
!
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@'(:&4+A#!8%!8!A#F&?8,!A#:$##%!
@84;;!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
@84&4&4+A#!8%!8!A#F&?8,!A#:$##%!
0'$4G!
8A0+?#$&F!
!
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9'+(A&(:!T'[!('$4G#$(!#[4#(4!
18%4!
8A0+?#$&F!
!
/V!
9'+(A&(:!T'[!#8%4#$(!#[4#(4!
B'+4G!
8A0+?#$&F!
!
/V!
9'+(A&(:!T'[!%'+4G#$(!#[4#(4!
_#%4!
8A0+?#$&F!
!
/V!
9'+(A&(:!T'[!C#%4#$(!#[4#(4!
E,4&4+A#!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
E,4&4+A#!&(!?#4$#%!
E$#8!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
E$#8!&(!G8!
0'4#%!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
0'4#%!
B784&8,EFF+$8F-!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
"8,+#!T#4C##(!.!R!S!&(A&F84&(:!4G#!8FF+$8F-!'5!4G#!,'F84&'(!:&<#(]!.!
s!H(D('C(=!/!s!v/..!D?!$8A&+%=!)!s!/.!R!w/..D?=!N!s!/!R!wWD?=!P!s!
.]/!R!/D?=!J!s!/.!R!/..?=!S!s!8FF+$84#!%+$<#-!Y&(F,]!O6BZ!ws!/.?]!
@'F84&'(1[4#(4!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
E!<8,+#!T#4C##(!/!R!P!&(A&F84&(:!4G#!%&^#!'5!4G#!%4+A-!%&4#]!_G#$#!
8<8&,8T,#!8T%',+4#!%&^#!&%!$#F'$A#A!&(!4G#!E$#8!5&#,A]!/!s!2#:&'(!v/.!
D?!$8A&+%=!)!s!@'F8,!E$#8!/R/.!D?!$8A&+%=!N!s!1[4#(A#A!B&4#!.]/R/!
D?!$8A&+%=!P!s!6$#F&%#!B&4#!w.]/!D?!$8A&+%]!
15
TAXON!table!
MG#!48['(!48T,#!%4'$#%!4G#!48['('?&F!(8?#%!$#,84&(:!4'!X8&(!$#F'$A%]!>4!&%!,&(D%!4'!4G#!XE>0!
48T,#!C&4G!8!+(&j+#!M8['(>;]!!X'%4!%#$&#%!8$#!5'$!%7#F&#%]!!B'?#!#[4$8!&(5'$?84&'(!$#:8$A&(:!
T$##A&(:!G8T&484%!#4F!?8-!T#!5'+(A!&(!4G#!('4#%!F',+?(]!
!!
Name!
Type!
Size!
P!
Description!
TAXON!
!
!
!
!
M8['(>;!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
E+4'?84&F!>;!(+?T#$!Y28(:#!/R/)/J/=!/VWS!$'C%Z!
M8['(08?#!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
08?#!'5!48['(]!X8-!T#!T&('?&8,=!G&:G#$!48['(!$8(D!'$!+%#$RA#5&(#A!
_',A83'A#!
8A"8$_3G8$!
J.!
!
3'A#!+%#A!T-!Q]!_',A8!4'!&A#(4&5-!+((8?#Ac&(A#(4&5&#A!%7#F&#%!
E+4G'$&4-!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
M8['(!A#5&(&4&'(!8+4G'$&4-!Y?8(-!?&%%&(:Z]!
M8['('?&F@#<#,!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
B7#F&#%=!O#(+%=!i8?&,-!#4F]!7,+%!m"&$+%n!
3'??'(08?#!
8A"8$_3G8$!
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!
B&(:,#!F'??'(!(8?#!
M8['('?&F!6G-,+?!
8A"8$_3G8$!
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M8['('?&F!!6G-,+?!
M8['('?&F!3,8%%!
8A"8$_3G8$!
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M8['('?&F!!3,8%%!
M8['('?&Fa$A#$!
8A"8$_3G8$!
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M8['('?&F!a$A#$!
M8['('?&F!i8?&,-!
8A"8$_3G8$!
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M8['('?&F!!i8?&,-!
M8['('?&F!O#(+%!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
M8['('?&F!!O#(+%!
0'4#%!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
0'4#%!
!
TIMEPERIOD!table!
M&?#6#$&'A!&%!8!,''DR+7!48T,#!4G84!7$'<&A#%!4#[4!A#%F$&74&'(%!'5!4G#!4#?7'$8,!7#$&'A!4G#!
%8?7,#!$#,84#%!4'!%+FG!8%!m*8(+8$-n=!mB7$&(:n=!m_##D!/n!8(A!m;8-!/n]!
!
!
!
!
!
Name!
Type!
Size!
P!
Description!
TIMEPERIOD!
!
!
!
!
M&?#6#$&'A>;!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
E+4'?84&F!>;!(+?T#$!Y$8(:#!/RP.V=!P.K!$'C%Z!
M&?#6#$&'A!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
M&?#!7#$&'A!(8?#!
M&?#6#$&'AO$'+7!
8A"8$_3G8$!
)JJ!
!
O$'+7!4&?#!7#$&'A!T#,'(:%!4'=!#]:]!?'(4G=!j+8$4#$=!%#8%'(=!C#4cA$-!
#4F]!
M&?#6#$&'Aa$A#$!
8A>(4#:#$!
!
/.!
a$A#$!'5!4&?#7#$&'A!C&4G&(!4&?#!7#$&'A!:$'+7=!#]:]!*8(+8$-!s!/=!
i#T$+8$-!s!)=!#4F]!C&4G&(!4G#!?'(4G!:$'+7]!B'?#!:$'+7%!A'!('4!
G8<#!'$A#$%!#]:!C#4cA$-]!
9#:&(!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
;#F&?8,!-#8$!'5!4G#!T#:&((&(:!'5!4G#!4&?#!7#$&'A!
1(A!
8A;'+T,#!
!
/J!
;#F&?8,!-#8$!'5!4G#!#(A!'5!4G#!4&?#!7#$&'A!
!
16
Appendix!
&
Detail&of&GPDD&change&between&v1.0&to&v2.0&
!
Main!table!
/Z >;!F',+?(!$#(8?#A!X8&(>;]!
)Z 9&'4'7#>;!F',+?(!A#,#4#A!o!9&'4'7#!48T,#!A#,#4#A]!
NZ ;848M-7#=!B8?7,&(:H(&4%=!B'+$F#H(&4%!o!H(&4!F',+?(%!+7A84#A]!
PZ p#$'%=!0+?T#$a5X&%%&(:"8,+#%=!084&<#=!>(4$'A+F#A=!E<#$8:#=!"8$&8(F#=!X8[&?+?=!
X&(&?+?=!X'A#=!X#A&8(=!E+4'F'$$#,84&'(=!;#(%&4-;#7#(A#(F#=!M$#(A%=!E44$8F4'$%=!
3'#55&F&#(4a5"8$&84&'(!8(A!Q+$%43'(%48(4!F',+?(%!$#?'<#A!o!$#A+(A8(4!5&#,A%!C&4G!
,8$:#!<',+?#%!'5!?&%%&(:!&(5'$?84&'(]!
JZ a,A;848>;!F',+?(!A#,#4#A!o!$#A+(A8(4!A848]!
SZ 0#C!+(&4%!F',+?(%!F$#84#A!R!B8?7,&(:H(&4%=!B8?7,&(:6$'4'F',=!B'+$F#;&?#(%&'(=!
B8?7,&(:155'$4=!B784&8,;#(%&4-=!B'+$F#M$8(%5'$?=!B'+$F#M$8(%5'$?2#5#$#(F#]!
KZ E%%'F&84#A;848!F',+?(!o!#?74-!#(4$&#%!5&,,#A!C&4G!x0'(#y]!
VZ B48$4;848!8(A!1(A;84#!F',+?(%!$#(8?#A!4'!B48$4L#8$!8(A!1(AL#8$!5'$!F,8$&4-]!!
X&%%&(:!<8,+#%!#(4#$#A!&5!5'+(A=!mWWWWn!&5!+(D('C(]!
WZ B8?7,&(:i$#j+#(F-!o!?&%%&(:!<8,+#%!#(4#$#A!&5!5'+(A=!mO#(#$84&'(%n!+%#A!&(%4#8A!'5!
&4#$84&<#!F'+(4!CG#(!F8,#(A8$!A84#%!8$#!('4!877,&F8T,#]!
/.Z ;848%#4@#(:4G!o!?&%%&(:!<8,+#%!#(4#$#A]!
//Z 0'4#%!o!98$$-!9$''Dn%!>;!8AA#A!4'!(#C!A848%#4%]!
/)Z X8&(!>;!WW/)RWW/S!A#,#4#A!o!#$$'(#'+%!A848!C&4G!&(F'$$#F4!8(A!+(4$8F#8T,#!A848!
%'+$F#!&(5'$?84&'(]!
/NZ X8&(!>;!).SK.!8AA#A!o!#$$'(#'+%,-!?&%%#A!5$'?!4G#!7$#<&'+%!<#$%&'(]!
/PZ E,,!%7#,,&(:!8(A!:$8??8$!#$$'$%!F'$$#F4#A]!
!
Data!table!
/Z 6'7+,84&'(H(4$8(%5'$?#A!F',+?(!F$#84#A!o!4G&%!&%!8!F'7-!'5!4G#!6'7+,84&'(!F',+?(!
T+4!C&4G!4$8(%5'$?84&'(%!$#?'<#A!CG#$#!877,&F8T,#!Y%+FG!8%!,':8$&4G?%!8(A!
?+,4&7,&F84&'(Z]!!B#<#$8,!A848%#4%!8$#!#(4#$#A!8%!&(A#[#%!8(A!G8<#!('4!T##(!
+(4$8(%5'$?#A]!!MG&%!F',+?(!?8-!T#!+%#5+,!5'$!%484&%4&F8,!8(8,-%#%]!
)Z M&?#a5B8?7,#!$#(8?#A!4'!B8?7,#L#8$!o!CG#$#!:#(#$84&<#!A848%#4%!877,-!&(%4#8A!'5!
F8,#(A8$!?'(4G%=!4G#!<8,+#%!?&$$'$!4G#!B#$&#%B4#7]!
NZ M&?#6#$&'A!F',+?(!F$#84#A!o!$#5#$%!4'!8!,''D!+7!48T,#!4G84!%7#F&5&#%!
A8-cC##Dc%#8%'(!'5!%8?7,&(:]!
17
PZ O#(#$84&'(!F',+?(!F$#84#A!4'!A&55#$#(4&84#!T#4C##(!:#(#$84&'(%!C&4G&(!4G#!%8?#!
X8&(!>;]!!MG&%!&%!877,&F8T,#!4'!%7#F&#%!%+FG!8%!T+44#$5,&#%!Y#]:]!X8&(!>;!W)VJRSZ]!
JZ B#$&#%B4#7!F',+?(!F$#84#A!o!%#j+#(4&8,!<8,+#%!C&4G&(!#8FG!X8&(>;!4'!&(A&F84#!
FG$'(',':-!&$$#%7#F4&<#!'5!%8?7,&(:!4&?#!$#:&?#]!
SZ i,8:!F',+?(!A#,#4#A!o!#?74-!8(A!$#A+(A8(4!F',+?(]!
!
Datasource!table!
/Z B'+$F#0']!3',+?(!A#,#4#A!o!F'(48&(#A!'(,-!^#$'%]!
)Z i,8:!F',+?(!A#,#4#A!o!#?74-]!
NZ E+4G'$=!L#8$=!M&4,#=!2#5#$#(F#!F',+?(%!o!?&%%&(:!&(5'$?84&'(!#(4#$#A!&5!5'+(A]!
PZ E,,!%7#,,&(:!8(A!:$8??8$!#$$'$%!F'$$#F4#A]!
!
Location!table!
/Z 9&':#':$87G&F8,p'(#!F',+?(!A#,#4#A!o!+(D('C(!%'+$F#]!
)Z i,8:!F',+?(!A#,#4#A!o!#?74-]!
NZ 9'+(A&(:!T'[!F''$A&(84#%!o!P!(#C!F',+?(%!Y0'$4G=!18%4=!B'+4G=!_#%4Z!
PZ B784&8,EFF+$8F-!F',+?(!F$#84#A!o!8!<8,+#!$8(:&(:!.RS!&(A&F84&(:!4G#!,#<#,!'5!8FF+$8F-!
'5!4G#!T'+(A&(:!T'[!4'!4G#!%&4#!'5!%8?7,&(:]!
JZ @'F84&'(1[4#(4!F',+?(!F$#84#A!o!8!<8,+#!$8(:&(:!/RP!&(A&F84&(:!4G#!%&^#!'5!4G#!%&4#!'5!
%8?7,&(:]!
SZ E,,!?&%%&(:!&(5'$?84&'(!#(4#$#A!&5!5'+(A]!
KZ E,,!%7#,,&(:!8(A!:$8??8$!#$$'$%!F'$$#F4#A]!
!
Taxon!table!
/Z 9'A-@#(:4G=!9'A-_#&:G4=!M$'7G&F@#<#,=!i##A&(:X#4G'A=!B#[+8,;&?'$7G&%?=!
68,8#8$F4&F=!0#8$F4&F=!14G&'7&8(=!X8A8:8%F8(=!a$&#(48,=!0#'4$'7&F8,=!0'4':8#8=!
_8,,8F#8=!9&':#':$87G&FB484+%=!3'(%#$<84&'(>(5'$?84&'(=!M8['(FG#FD!8(A!
'+$uF'??#(4%!8,,!A#,#4#A]!
)Z X&%%&(:!&(5'$?84&'(!#(4#$#A!&5!5'+(A]!
NZ E,,!%7#,,&(:!8(A!:$8??8$!#$$'$%!F'$$#F4#A]!
!
Timeperiod!table!
/Z 0#C!48T,#!F$#84#A!F'(48&(&(:!M&?#7#$&'A>;!8(A!M&?#6#$&'A!F',+?(%]!
!
Biotope!table!
!
18
/Z ;#,#4#A!8%!+(RF&4#A!&(5'$?84&'(]!!>4!F'(48&(#A!&(5'$?84&'(!'(!4G#!G8T&484!4G84!4G#!
%#$&#%!'$&:&(84#%=!8(A!&%!A84#A!8(A!C&4G'+4!%'+$F#!&(5'$?84&'(]!@'F8,!G8T&484!
A#%F$&74&'(%!8$#!:$'+7#A!&(4'!)J!mT&'4'7#!4-7#n!F,8%%#%l!E#$&8,=!E:$&F+,4+$8,=!E$&A=!
3'8%48,=!3'(&5#$'+%!5'$#%4=!;#F&A+'+%!5'$#%4=!1<#$:$##(!5'$#%4=!i,+<&8,=!O$8%%,8(A=!
Q#84G!'$!X''$=!>%,8(A=!@8$:#,-!+(<#:#484#A=!@&?(#4&F=!X8$&(#=!X&[#A!G8T&484=!X&[#A!
'$!+(%7#F&5&#A!5'$#%4=!X'(48(#=!6',8$=!B8<8((8=!BF$+T=!B7#F&5&#A!7,8(4%!8%!G8T&484=!
M&A8,c>(4#$4&A8,=!H(%7#F&5&#A!G8T&484!'$!('!&(5'$?84&'(=!H$T8(cB+T+$T8(=!_#4,8(A]!
!
19
References!
9$''D=!9]!_]=!@]!_]!M$8&,,=!8(A!3]!*]!E]!9$8A%G8C]!)..S]!X&(&?+?!<&8T,#!7'7+,84&'(!%&^#%!8(A!:,'T8,!
#[4&(F4&'(!$&%D!8$#!+($#,84#A]!1F',':-!@#44#$%!W\NKJRNV)]!
3',,#(=!9]=!*]!@'G=!B]!Q',T$''D=!@]!XF28#=!2]!E?&(=!8(A!*]!1]!X]!98&,,&#]!)..V]!X'(&4'$&(:!3G8(:#!&(!
"#$4#T$84#!ET+(A8(F#\!4G#!@&<&(:!6,8(#4!>(A#[]!3'(%#$<84&'(!9&',':-!WWWW]!
3'+,%'(=!M]=!8(A!B]!M+,h87+$D8$]!)..V]!MG#!;-(8?&F%!'5!8!U+8(4&484&<#!M$8&4!&(!8(!E:#R%4$+F4+$#A!
6'7+,84&'(!@&<&(:!&(!8!"8$&8T,#!1(<&$'(?#(4]!E?#$&F8(!084+$8,&%4!/K)\JWWRS/)]!
;'(F8%4#$=!3]!6]!)..S]!3'??#(4!'(!za(!4G#!2#:+,84&'(!'5!6'7+,84&'(%!'5!X8??8,%=!9&$A%=!i&%G=!8(A!
>(%#F4%z!>>>=!68:#%!//..FR]!
1T#$G8$A4=!@]!@]=!*]!X]!9$#&C&FD=!8(A!;]!6]!;#?8%4#$]!)..V]!E(8,-^&(:!7'7+,84&'(!:$'C4G!F+$<#%]!a&D'%!
//K\/)P.R/)PS]!
i8:8(=!X]!6]!i]!I]!)../]!3G8$8F4#$&^&(:!7'7+,84&'(!<+,(#$8T&,&4-!5'$!KJV!%7#F&#%]!1F',':-!@#44#$%!
P\/N)R/NV]!
O#4^=!_]!X]=!8(A!*]!a]!@,'-ARB?&4G]!)..S]!3'??#(4!'(!za(!4G#!2#:+,84&'(!'5!6'7+,84&'(%!'5!
X8??8,%=!9&$A%=!i&%G=!8(A!>(%#F4%z!>=!68:#%!//..8R]!
Q8,,#-=!*]!X]=!8(A!I]!>]!B4#$:&'+]!)..J]!MG#!&?7,&F84&'(%!'5!&(F$#8%&(:!<8$&8T&,&4-!'5!5&%G!,8(A&(:%]!i&%G!
8(A!i&%G#$&#%!S\)SSR)KS]!
Q##$&(:=!M]!1]=!8(A!;]!Q]!2##A]!)..J]!X'A#,&(:!1[4&(F4&'(\!;#(%&4-R;#7#(A#(4!3G8(:#%!&(!4G#!
"8$&8(F#!'5!6'7+,84&'(!O$'C4G!284#%]!*'+$(8,!'5!4G#!X&%%&%%&77&!EF8A#?-!'5!BF&#(F#%!
J.\/VNR/WP]!
Q',?#%=!1]!1]=!*]!@]!B8T'=!B]!"]!"&%F&A'=!8(A!_]!i]!i8:8(]!)..K]!E!%484&%4&F8,!877$'8FG!4'!j+8%&R
#[4&(F4&'(!5'$#F8%4&(:]!1F',':&F8,!@#44#$%!/.\//V)R//WV]!
>(FG8+%4&=!6]=!8(A!*]!Q8,,#-]!)../]!>(<#%4&:84&(:!@'(:RM#$?!1F',':&F8,!"8$&8T&,&4-!H%&(:!4G#!O,'T8,!
6'7+,84&'(!;-(8?&F%!;848T8%#]!BF&#(F#!)WN\SJJRSJK]!
*'G(!Q8,,#-=!6]!>]!)..)]!@':('$?8,&4-!&(!#F',':&F8,!4&?#!%#$&#%]!a&D'%!WW\J/VRJN.]!
I#(A8,,=!9]!1]=!*]!6$#(A#$:8%4=!8(A!a]!0]!9h{$(%48A]!/WWV]!MG#!?8F$'#F',':-!'5!7'7+,84&'(!A-(8?&F%\!
48['('?&F!8(A!T&':#':$87G&F!7844#$(%!&(!7'7+,84&'(!F-F,#%]!1F',':&F8,!@#44#$%!/\/S.R/SP]!
@'44%=!I]!3]=!M]!E]!_8&4#=!8(A!*]!E]!"+F#4&FG]!)..P]!2#,&8T&,&4-!'5!ET%',+4#!8(A!2#,84&<#!6$#A&F4&'(%!'5!
6'7+,84&'(!6#$%&%4#(F#!98%#A!'(!M&?#!B#$&#%]!3'(%#$<84&'(!9&',':-!/V\/))PR/)N)]!
6#8F'FD=!1]=!8(A!;]!@]!O8$%G#,&%]!)..S]!3'??#(4!'(!za(!4G#!2#:+,84&'(!'5!6'7+,84&'(%!'5!X8??8,%=!
9&$A%=!i&%G=!8(A!>(%#F4%z!>"=!68:#%!PJ8R]!
2##A=!;]!Q]=!8(A!O]!2]!Q'TT%]!)..P]!MG#!$#,84&'(%G&7!T#4C##(!7'7+,84&'(!%&^#!8(A!4#?7'$8,!
<8$&8T&,&4-!&(!7'7+,84&'(!%&^#]!E(&?8,!3'(%#$<84&'(!K\/RV]!
2##A=!;]!Q]=!*]!*]!akO$8A-=!*]!;]!98,,'+=!8(A!2]!i$8(DG8?]!)..N]!MG#!5$#j+#(F-!8(A!%#<#$&4-!'5!
F848%4$'7G&F!A&#R'55%!&(!<#$4#T$84#%]!E(&?8,!3'(%#$<84&'(!S\/.WR//P]!
2'%%=!*]!"]!)..S]!3'??#(4!'(!za(!4G#!2#:+,84&'(!'5!6'7+,84&'(%!'5!X8??8,%=!9&$A%=!i&%G=!8(A!
>(%#F4%z!>>=!68:#%!//..TR]!
B&T,-=!2]!X]=!;]!98$D#$=!X]!3]!;#(G8?=!*]!Q'(#=!8(A!X]!68:#,]!)..J]!a(!4G#!2#:+,84&'(!'5!6'7+,84&'(%!
'5!X8??8,%=!9&$A%=!i&%G=!8(A!>(%#F4%]!BF&#(F#!N.W\S.KRS/.]!
q]!)..S8]!2#%7'(%#!4'!3'??#(4!'(!za(!4G#!2#:+,84&'(!'5!6'7+,84&'(%!'5!X8??8,%=!9&$A%=!i&%G=!8(A!
>(%#F4%z=!68:#%!PJTR]!
q]!)..ST]!2#%7'(%#!4'!3'??#(4%!'(!za(!4G#!2#:+,84&'(!'5!6'7+,84&'(%!'5!X8??8,%=!9&$A%=!i&%G=!
8(A!>(%#F4%z=!68:#%!//..AR]!
"8,'(#=!M]!*]=!8(A!0]!E]!98$T#$]!)..V]!E(!#?7&$&F8,!#<8,+84&'(!'5!4G#!&(%+$8(F#!G-7'4G#%&%!&(!A&<#$%&4-R
%48T&,&4-!?'A#,%]!1F',':-!VW\J))RJN/]!
