Operating Manual TNC 151 A/P, 155 A/P Heidenhain AP Conversational Programming

User Manual: Heidenhain-TNC-151-AP-Conversational-Programming Bridgeport == Series II Interact 2

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HEIDENHAIN
Optics and Electronics
Precision Graduations

Operating Manual

HEIDENHAIN TNC 151 A/TNC 151 P
HEIDENHAIN TNC 155 A/TNC 155 P
Contouring Control

This operating

*without

manual is valid for all available TNC lSl/TNC

3D-positioning

and “transfer

155.versions:

biockwisev

HEIDENHAIN is constantly working on further developments of its TNC-controls. It is therefore
possible that details of certain control versions may deviate from the version explained in this
operating manual.

Manufacturer’s
certificate
We hereby certify that the above unit is radioshielded in accordance with the West German official
register decree 104611984.
The West German postal authorities have been notified of the issuance of this unit and have been
granted admission for examination of the series regarding compliance with the regulations.
Information:
If the unit is incorporated by the user into an installation
with the above reauirements.

then the complete

installation

must comply

Snap-on
keyboard

Standard

q
q
q
q
q
0
Q
0

q
q
0

ISO-Keys

Block number
Preparatory function
Feed rate/Dwell time with G04/
Scaling factor
Auxiliary (Miscellaneous) function
Spindle speed
Parameter definition
Angle for polar co-ordinates/
Rotational angle with G73-cycle
X-Co-ordinate of circle centre
Y-Co-ordinate of circle centre
Z-Co-ordinate of circle centre
Set label number with G98/
Jump to label number/
Tool length with G99
Radius for polar co-ordinates
Rounding-off radius with G25. G26.
G27/Chamfer with G24/
Tool radius with G99
Tool definition with G99/
Tool call

Keyboard
Program management

q
q

Designation

Recall of a program

and recall of programs

Clearprogram

Entry of workpiece

q
a

q
q
q

within another program

contour

Line (Linear interpolation)/Chamfers
Rounding of cornersflangential
contour approach and departure
Circle tangentially adjoining the previous contour (End position or
Circle centre/pole
Circle definition (with circle centre and arc end position)

Programming

and editing

External data transmission
Touch probe functions

Delete block
Actual position data programming
Enter into memory
H FI 0 0 0 Search and editing routines
q Programmed STOP; Interruption/Discontinuation
q q Definition and recall of canned cycles
!#! E# Definition and recall of subprograms
q -No entry” into memory/Dialogue question “Skip-over”
m q Definition and recall of tools
q @ Tool radiusflool path compensation

Graphics (TNC 155 only)
m
&!
0

Graphics modes
Definition of workpiece
Magnify
Graphics start

blank form and reset to blank form

Entry values and axis address

q
0

a B @ Axis address
Clear entry
End block entry

Parameter programming
0

Entry of parameter to substitute a numerical
Definition of parameter functions

value

Operating modes
Ip

q
•I

q
q
q
q

Manual operation (The control operates as a conventional
digital readout)
Positioning with MDI (Manual Data Input) (Block is keyed-in
without entry into memory and immediately positioned)
Program run in single block operation (Block-by-block
positioning)
Automatic (complete run of program sequence)
Programming (Manual program entry or via the data interface)
Electronic handwheel
Program test (for checking stored program without machine
movement)
Supplementary operating modes (Vacant blocks - mm/inch Character height of position display)
Display switchover: Actual/Nominal
value/Distance to go/
Trailing error. Baud rate - Safety zones - User parameters Code number
NC/PLC-software
number
With ISO-programming:
Block number increment

Polar co-ordinates/Incremental
l?l
m

dimensions

Nominal position entry in polar co-ordinates
Nominal position entry in incremental dimensions

Operating panel

I lkcvboard
I

Screen display data

be edited

I Dialogue line
[Preceding block
I Current block

I Next block

I Successive

block

I Position diplav

1Brightness

iiorking
DindIe
OOlj

List of contents

Introduction

Manual operation

Co-ordinate

Programming

system and dimensions

with HEIDENHAIN plain language dialogue

Program entry in ISO-format

(G-codes)

Touch probe system

External data transmission

Technical description

via V.24/RS-232-C-interface

and specifications,

Index

Brief description
TNC 151/TNC 155 Control
Control

type

The HEIDENHAIN TNC 151/TNC 155 is a contouring control for 4 axes. Axes X. Y and Z are
linear axes and axis IV can be used optionally for
the connection of a rotary table or a further linear
axis. The fourth axis can be switched on or off as
is required.
This 4-axis control permits:
0 linear interpolation in any 3 axes
l circular interpolation in two linear axes
With the aid of parameter programming, complex contours can be machined.

Program

entry

Program entry can be either in
0 HEIDENHAIN plain language dialogue
0

in standard format to IS0 6983 (G-codes).

Dialogues. entry values. the machining program.
fault/error messages and position data are displayed on the VDU-screen. The program memory
has a capacity for 32 programs with a total of
3100 blocks.
Entry of the machining program is either by
manual key-in or “electronically”
via a data interface.
The “transfer blockwise- mode permits transfer
and execution of machining programs from an
external data store.
During execution of a machining program. a further program may be manually entered via the
background programming feature.

Magnetic
cassette

tape
units

The HEIDENHAIN magnetic tape units ME lOl/
ME 102 are available for external storage of a
program on magnetic tape cassettes. These units
each have two interfaces for connections of a
peripheral unit (e.g. a printer) in addition to the
TNC 151ITNC 155.

Brief description

TNC 151/TNC 155 Control
Program test

In the operating mode “program test”, the
TNC 151/TNC 155 checks a machining program
without machine movement. Program errors are
clearly displayed in plain language. A further
possibility for program checking is provided by
the graphics feature in which program run is
simulated. Machining in the three main axes can
be simulated with a constant tool axis and a
cylindrical milling hob.

Programs which were compiled on the control
models TNC 145 and TNC 150 are fullv comoatible with the TNC 151,‘TNC155. Entn/ data is
adapted to the TNC 151/TNC 155 by the control.
An existing TNC 145 program library is also
accepted by the TNC 151flNC 155.

Exchange of
buffer batteries

The buffer battery is the power source for the
machine parameter store and the program
memory of the control. It is located beneath the
cover on the control panel.
If the error message
= EXCHANGE BUFFER BAmERY =
is displayed, the batteries must be exchanged.
(Upon display of the message. the memory content is retained for approx. 1 week)

Battery type
Mignon cells, leak proof
IEC-description “LRG”
Recommended: VARTA Type 4006

Control switch-on
Traversing over reference points
Switch-on
Switch on power.

MEMORY TEST
The control checks the internal control electrpnics. The display is erased automatically.

Cancel dialogue message.

POWER INTERRUPTED

RELAY WEAGE

MlSSlNG

PASS
PASS
PASS
PASS

OVER
OVER
OVER
OVER

Z-REFERENCE MARK
X-REFERENCE MARK
Y-REFERENCE MARK
REFERENCE MARK AXIS 4

MANUAL OPERATION

)

Switch on control voltage.

Control switch-on
Traversing over reference points

El
PASS
PASS
P&S
PASS

OVER
OVER
OVER
OVER

VACANT

Select supplementary

mode

Select MOD-function

“code number-.

Z-REFERENCE MARK
X-REFERENCE MARK
Y-REFERENCE MARK
REFERENCE MARK AXIS 4

BLOCKS = 1664

CODE NUMBER

Key-in code number 84158.

=
‘Q

Enter into memov.

Traverse over reference
point of X-axis.

CAUTION: SOFTWARE LIMITS INACTIVE
CODE NUMBER = 84159
PASS OVER Z-REFERENCE MARK
PASS OVER X-REFERENCE MARK
PASS OVER Y-REFERENCE MARK
PASS OVER REFERENCE MARK AXIS 4

T$rsyer~ference

Traverse over reference
point of Z-axis.
Traverse over reference
point of IV-axis.

The reference points can be traversed over in
any desired sequence, either via the axis
direction buttons or via the external start button
v
‘MANUAL

OPERATION

Operating modes and screen displays

MWllJal
operation
Operating

mode, Error massages

Status displays

Electronic
handwheel
Operating

mode, Error messages

Subdivision factor
foi electronic hand

Positioning with
MDI
I

IEil
M

Operating

mode. Error messages

Programmed

block

Operating modes and screen displays

Program run,
single block
(HEIDENHAINdialogue)

Operating

mode, Error messages

Current program

block

Position display
(large characters)
Display: Program running

Status displays

Program run,
single block
(ISO-Format)
Operating

Successive

mode, Error messages

blocks

(small characters)
~Display: Program running

Programming

+
El3

Operating

mode, Error messages

Current block

Supplementary operating modes

In addition to the main operating modes, the
TNC 151nNC 155 also provides supplementary
operating modes i. a. MOD”-functions.
Supplementary operating modes are addressed
with the@-key.

After pressing this key. the

dialogue line displays the MOD-function
“Vacant
blocks”.
The MOD-menu can be paged both forward and

MOD

-keys. Forward paging
+
cl
is also possible with the n-key.
MOD
reverse via the

Supplementary

modes are cancelled

with

the m-key.

* MOD = abbreviation

for “mode*

With program

run in the UEI
@ or > -mode, the
supplementary modes can be

following
addressed:
0 Position display enlarged/small
0 Vacant blocks

During display of
= POWER INTERRUPTED =
the following supplementary modes can be addressed:
l Code number
0 User parameters
0 NC-software number
0 PLC-software number

The supplementary mode “Vacant blocks” indicates the number of vacant blocks which are still
available
When programming in &O-format (G-codes). the
number of vacant characters is displayed.

Display example:
VACANT BLOCKS = 1178

Supplementary operating modes
Addressing and cancellation of MOD-functions
Addressing

Operating mode - Dialogue initiation

VACANT BLOCKS = 1974
Select MOD-function
or MOD-key
(only forward

via paging keys

paging possible).

Cancellation
LIMIT X+ = X+ 350,000

Leave supplementary

mode

Supplementary operating modes

mm/inch
changeover

The MOD-function
mm/inch enables the operator
to choose between metric and imperial display.
changeover

from mm - to - inch

The mm or inch mode can be easily recognised
by observing the number of decimal places:
X 15.789
mm-display
X 0.6216
inch-display

Position
display

data

The MOD-function exposition data display”
enables selection of varjous position data:
0 Display of the actual position: ACTL
0 Display of the distance to reference
points: REF
l Display of displacement between the momentary nominal position and the actual position
(trailing error or lag): LAG
0 Display of the momentary nominal position as
calculated by the control: NOML

El0

Display of the *distance to go” to the nominal
position (difference between programmed
nominal position and momentary actual position): DIST

Y
t

Supplementary operating modes

Position
data display

Select MOD-function.

Nml

CiWUGE MM/INCH
The control displays position data in mm
and is to be chanaed to inch-mode.
The changeover from inch-mode
performed in the sa~me manner.

mm/inch
changeover

I
c

to mm-mode

Switchover.

Select MOD-function.

f PROGRAM RUN/SINGLE BLOCK
POSITION DATA

--------NOML X

The display is to be switched
position”:

PROGRAM RUN/SINGLE
POSITION DATA

over to *actual

BLOCK

___-----ACTL X

\
TI?e display is to be switched
P’xition” again:

wer to “nominal

until NOML is

Switchover to the modes REF.~LAG and DIST is
performed in the same manner.

El1

Supplementary operating modes

Position display
enlarged/small

The character
be converted

height on the screen display can
in the operating

modes:

pro-

gram run single block and 3 automatic pro0
gram run.
With display in small characters. four program
blocks are also shown (previous. current. next
and a successive block). With large characters.
only the current block is displayed.

Block number
increment

When programming in ISO-format (G-codes). the
increment from block number-to-block
number
can be determined via the MOD-function
*Block
number wxrement”.
If the block number increment is e.g. IO. the
blocks are numbered as follows:
NlO
N20

N30
etc.
Entry range: 0 - 99

Baud rate

El2

The MOD-function
“Baud rate* indicates the data
transmission rate for the data-interlace (see page
“Baud rate entry’).

Supplementary operating modes

Position display
enlarged/small

Select MOD-function
large/small”:

*Position data display

)wpj

I
PROGRAM RUN/SINGLE BLOCK
POS. DATA DISPLAY LARGE/
SMALL

17L
18L
19cc
2oc

x..
X...
x...
x..

Y..
Y...
Y...
Y...

ACTL

_--------

Switchover

of position display to large:

PROGRAM RUN/SINGLE

18L
ACTL

BLOCK

X...Y
X..

Y...
if...
C..
Switchover from large to small is performed
the same manner.

Block number
increment

Select MOD-function
Increment”

“Block number

Key-in increment

BLOCK NR INCREMENT =

‘3
Enter into memory

El3

Supplementary operating modes

Limit

El4

With the MOD-function
“Limit”, traversing ranges
can be provided with safety zones e.g. for preventon of workpiece collisions.
Maximum traversing ranges can be defined by
software limits. The traversing limits of each axis
are set one after the other in the + and - directions. in relatio~n to the reference point. When
determining the limit positions, the position display must be switched to REF.

Supplementary operating modes

Setting
safety zones

Operating mode

Select MOD-function

wLimit”:

LIMIT X+ = + 30000,000
Traverse to limit position via axis jog buttons or electronic handwheel.
Program displayed

position, e.g. -Ib.OOO:

)

Key-in X-value.

Enter into memon/

Key-in X-value.

LIMIT X+ = - 10,000
Select next MOD-function

“Limit”:

LIMIT X- = - 30000,000
Traverse to limit position via axis jog buttons or electronic handwheel.
Program displayed

position. e.g. - 70.000:

)

Enter into memory.

LIMIT X- = - 70,000

The setting of limits in the rernainin$ traversing
ranges is performed in the same manner.

El!3

Supplementary operating modes

NC-Software
number

This MOD-function
is used for display of the
software number for the TNC-Control model.

Display
/

PLC-Sofhware
number

This MOD-function
is used for display of the
software number of the integral PLC.

NC: SOFIWARE

Display

With this MOD-function.
up to 16 machine parameters can be made available to the machire
operator. User parameters are allocated by the
machine tool builder. Details should be obtained
from the machine tool builder.

Code number

This MOD-function
can be used for
.a special routine for “reference mark approach*
via code numbers or
.the cancellation of edit/erase protection for pm
grams (refer to appropriate section)

El6

NUMBER

227 020 08

NUMBER

228 601 01

example:

PC: SOFIWAFIE

User parameters

example:

Supplementary operating modes

User parameters
Select MOD-function

“User parameters”

bE3rn

Enter MOD-function

USER PARAMETERS

ran
-I
I I

“r
El

I
Leaving the user
parameter mode

MOD-function,
cancelled:

*User parameters”

is to be

)

into memory’

Select required user parameter
If necessary. change parameter
Enter into memory

Lwxe

MOD-function

‘If the machine tool builder has not allocated a dialogue text. the display will show
USER PAR. 1

El7

Remarks

Manual operation
Operating mode “Electronic handwheel”
In the manual operating

?I
the
0
machine axes can be traversed via the axis jog
buttons

mode
@

of the machine.

Axis jog

The machine axis is traversed as long as the
external axis jog button is being pressed. The
axis immediately stops when the button is
released. A number of axes can be traversed
simultaneously in jog operation.

Continuous
operation

If the external start button is pressed simultaneously with an axis jog button, the selected
axis traverses although the button has been
released. The axis is brought to a stop by pressing the external stop button.

Feed rate

The feed rate (traversing speed) can be set
0 with the internal feed rate override of the
control or
0 with the external feed rate override of the
machine (depending on the entered machine
parameters). The feed rate value which has
been set is displayed on the screen.

INTERNAL
FEED RATE
(OVERRIDE) KNOB

&%+V

AX
EXTERNAL
FEED RATE
(OVERRIDE) KNOB

Spindle speed

The spindle speed can be defined via the

key (see -TOOL CALL”).

With analogue output, the programmed spindle
speed can be altered via the spindle override
during program run.

Auxiliary

function

Auxiliary
grammed

(miscellaneous)
via the

functions

can be pro-

-key (see *Program stop”)

TOOL
CALL

Manual operation
Operating mode “Electronic handwheel”
The control can be equipped with an electronic
handwheel for assisting set-up operations.
There are three versions available:

l
0
0

HR 150

HR 250

HR 150: 1 Handwheel

for incorporation into
the machine operating panel:
HR 250: 1 Handwheel in a portable unit;
HE 310: 2 Handwheels in B portable unit
with additional axis address keys
and emergency stop button.

HE 310

Interpolation
factor

Operation

Reduction of the traversing distance for each
handwheel revolution is determined by the interpolation factor (see adjacent table).

With versions HR 150 and HR 250 the handwheel is allocated to the axis via the
[q

m-keys.

x
nlvl

The version HE 310 with dual handwheels
has additional

q .Th’

axis buttons Di

IS enables one handwheel

In/

also

to be

switched to the X or IV-axis and the other
handwheel to Y or Z.
The moving axis which is being activated by the
handwheel is shown in the display in inverted
characters.

Manual operation
Operating mode “Electronic handwheel”
Operation
HR 1501
HR 250

Operating mode and dialogue initiation ~
INTERPOLATION FACTOR: 3

Key-in required subdivision8
e.g. 4.

O ‘g

factor.

Enter into memory

Enter required traversing

INTERPOLATION FACTOR: 4

axis,

The tool can now be moved in the positive or
negative Y-direction with the electronic handwheel.

Operation
HE 310

Operating mode and dialogue initiation ~
Enter required interpolation
e.g. 6.

INTERPOLATION FACTOR: 4
El

INTERPOLATION FACTOR: 6

factor,

Enter into memory

Enter first traversing axis at the
handwheel unit, e.g. 2.
Enter second traversing axis at the
handwheel unit. a. g. X.

The tool can. be moved in the positive or negative Z-direction with the first handwheel and in
the positive or negative X-direction with the
second handwheel.

Co-ordinate system and dimensioning

An NC-machine is only able to machine a workpiece if all machining operations have been cornpletely defined by the NC-program. For complete
machining operation, the nominal positions of the
tool
in relationship to the workpiece - must be
defined within the NC-program. A reference system i.e. co-ordinate system. is necessary for
defining the nominal position of the tool.
Depending on the job. the TNC permits the use
of either right-angled co-ordinates or polar coordinates.

Right-angled
or
Cartesian*)
co-ordinate
system

A right-angled co-ordinate system is formed
either by two axes in a plane and 3-axes in
space. These axes intersect at one point and are
also perpendicular to each other. The intersecting
point is referred to as the origin or zero-point of
the co-ordinate system. Each axis is designated
with a letter X. Y or Z.
The axes are each allocated with an imaginative
scale, the zero-point of which, coincides with the
origin of the co-ordinate system. The arrows
indicate the positive counting directions of the
scales.
* Named after the french mathematician
F&n&
Descartes, lat. Renatus Cartesius (1596-1650)

Example

With the aid of the Cartesian co-ordinates systern, random points of a workpiece can be located by stating the appropriate X. Y and Z-co-ordinates:
PI x = 20
Y=
0

P2 (20; 35; 0)
P3 (40; 35; -10)
P4 (40; 0; -20)

abbreviated:
PI (20: 0: 0)

Co-ordinate system and dimensioning

The Cartesian co-ordinate system is particularly
convenient if the working drawing is dimensioned as per the adjacent example.
Definition of positions on workpieces incorporating circular elements or angle dimensions is easier with polar co-ordinates.

P&W
co-ordinates

The polar co-ordinate system is used for defining
points in one plane. System reference is via the
pole (= zero-point of co-ordinate system) and
the direction (= reference axis for the specific
angle).
Points are described as follows:
by specifying the polar co-ordinate radius PR
(= distance between the pole and point PI) and
the angle PA between the reference direction
(+X-axis. in the adjacent drg.) and the connecting line: pole - point Pl.

Entry

range

The polar co-ordinates angle PA is entered in
degrees (O).
Entry range: absolute -360° to +360°
incremental -5400° to +5400°
PA positive: Angle clockwise
PA negative: Angle counter-clockwise

Angle
axis

reference

The
the
the
the

angle reference axis (0°-axis) is
+X-axis in the XY-plane.
+Y-axis in the YZ-plane,
+Z-axis in the M-plane.

The sign for the angle PA can be determined
accordance with the adjacent drawing.

Co-ordinate system and dimensioning

Example

The polar co-ordinate system is particularly useful for defining a workpiece if the working drawing contains a number of angle dimensions as
shown in the adjacent example.

Relative tool
movement

When machining a workpiece, it is irrespective
whether the tool moves or the workpiece
moves with the tool remaining~ stationary.
Only the relative movement
compiling a program.

is considered

when

Programmed
relative tool movement
to the right

This means a. g.:
if the milling machine table carrying the workpiece traverses to the left, the relative movement
of the tool is towards the right.
If table motion is upwards,
motion is downwards.

the relative tool

Actual tool motion only takes place if the spindle
head is moving, i. a. machine movement always
corresponds to the relative tool motion.

Correlation of
machine slide
movements and
co-ordinate
system

In order that workpiece co-ordinates within the
machining program can be correctly interpreted
by the control, two factors must be clarified:
0 which slide will traverse parallel to the coordinate axis (correlation of machine axis to
co-ordinate axis)
0 which relationship exists between machine
slide positions and co-ordinate data of the
program.

The three
main axes

The correlation of the three main co-ordinate
axes to the appropriate machine slides is defined
by the standard IS0 841 for various machine
tools. Traversing directions can be easily remembered by applying the “right-hand rule”.

Table movement
to the left

Co-ordinate system and dimensioning

The fourth axis

The machine tool builder will determine whether
the fourth axis
when switched on - is to be
used as a rotary table or linear axis (e.g. a
controlled quill) and how it is to be designated
on the VDU-screen.
An additional linear axis with a movement parallel to the X, Y or Z-axis is designated with U. V
or w.

When programming rotary table movements. the
rotation angle is entered for A. B or C-values in
degrees (“).
This axis is referred to as an A, B or C-axis, each
rotating about the X. Y or Z-axis.

Co-ordinate- system and dimensioning

Correlation
of
co-ordinate
system

The allocation of the co-ordinate
machine is defined as follows:

system to the

The machine slide is traversed over a defined
position - the reference position (also referred to
as the reference point). When crossing this point,
the control receives an electrical signal from the
transducer (reference signal).
On receiving the reference signal, the control
allocates a certain co-ordinate value to the refer
ence point.
This procedure
The co-ordinate
machine.

is repeated for all machine slides.
system is now correlated

to the

reference position

Reference signal
to control

The reference points must be traversed over after
every interruption of power supply. otherwise the
correlation between the co-ordinate system and
the machine slides is lost.
Before this procedure, all other functions are inhibited.
On crossing the reference points, the control
then knows where the previous zero datum (refer
to following section) and the software limits were
located.

Reference point e.g. 425.385 mm

Machine slide traversed to reference
point

K!5

Co-ordinate system and dimensioning
Setting the workpiece datum
Setting the
workpiece
datum

To save unnecessary calculation work. the workpiece datum is located at the point from which
all dimensiqning is commenced. For safety reasons, the workpiece datum is always located at
the uppermost level of the workpiece in the feed
axis.

Setting the
workpiece
datum in the
working plane
with en optical
edge finder

Traverse to the required location for the workpiece datum and reset both axes of the working
plane to zero.

Symbol for workpiece

With a
centring
device

Traverse to a known position e.g. to a hole
centre with the aid of the centring device. The
co-ordinates of the hole centre are then entered
into the control (e.g. X = 40, Y = 40). The location of the workpiece datum is then defined.

datum

Co-ordinate system and dimensioning
Setting the workpiece datum
Wdh
touch probe
or tool

Traverse machine until the tool makes contact
with the reference edges of the workpiece. When
the tool touches the workpiece edge. preset the
position display to the value of the tool radius
with negative sign (e.g. X = - 5, Y = - 5).

Setting the
workpiece
datum
in the feed
axis by
touching the
workpiece
sulfaface

Traverse zero-tool to workpiece surface. When
the tdol tip touches the surface, reset position
display of the feed axis to zero.

Wfih
preset tools

If touching of the workpiece surface is undesired.
a small metal plate with a known thicknes (e.g.
0.1 mm) may be placed between the tool tip,and
the workpiece. Instead of zero. the thickness of
the plate is entered (e.g. Z = 0.1).

With preset tools. i.e. when the tool length is
already known, the workpiece surface is touched
with a random tool. In order to allocate the workpiece surface to the value zero. the known length
L of the tool is entered as an actual position
value - with positive sign - for the feed axis.
If the workpiece surface is to have a preset value
differing from zero. the following value is to be
entered:

(Actual value 2) = (Tool length L) + (surface
position)
Example:
Tool length L = 100 mm
Position of workpiece surface = + 50 mm
Actual value Z = 100 mm + 50 mm = 150 mm

Co-ordinate system and dimensioning
Setting the workpiece datum
When settina the zero datum of the worki%ce.
definite numerical values (“REF-valuesv) are allocated to the reference points.
The control automatically memorizes these
values. After an interruption of power supply,
simple reproduction of the workpiece datum is
now possible by traversing over the reference
ooints.

t
Reference point e.g. 40.025

I
0-I

,
10

4o 40.025

Linear t&sducar

Machine slide traversed to reference point

Co-ordinate system and dimensioning
Setting the workpiece datum
Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

DATUM SET X =

Key-in value for X-axis.
Enter into memory.

Dialogue initiation
DATUM SETY =

‘G
~@

Dialogue initiation

DATUM SET Z =

Key-in value for Y-axis
Enter into memory

El
Key-in value for Z-axis.
Enter into memory.

Dialogue initiation ~
DATUM SET C =

Key-in value for 4 axis.
Enter intd memory

Depending on the machine parameters which
have been entered. the 4 axis is designated and
displayed with A, B, C or U. V. W.

Co-ordinate system and dimensioning
Absolute/Incremental dimensions
Dimensioning

Dimensions in working drawings are either absolute or incremental dimensions.

Absolute
dimensions

Absolute dimensions of a machining program
are referenced to a fixed absolute point e.g.
the zero datum of a co-ordinate system or a
workpiece datum.

Incremental
dimensions

Incremental dimensions of a machining program
are referenced to the previous wminal position
of the tool.

KlO

Programming
Introduction
As with manual-operated machine tools. a working plan is also required for NC-machine tools.
The sequence of operations is the same.
On manually-operated machines, each working
step must be executed by the operator: however,
on an NC-machine, the electronic control performs the calculation for the tool path, the coordination of the feed movements of the machine
slides and the supervision of the spindle speed.
For this. the control receives the information from
a program which has been entered.

Program

The program can be simply regarded as a working plan which is written in a certain language.

Programming

is the compilation and entry of
Programming
such a working plan in a language which is corn
prehensible to the control.

Pmgramming
language

In a machining program every NC-pmgmmcorrespond to a working step. A
block consists of single commands.

ming block

Ex&plas
Programmed
working step

TOOL cALL ,

Meaning
1

Call-up of compensation
values for tool number 1

Programming
Pro&-am
A program which is used for the manufacture of
a workpiece can be subdivided into the following

Program

sections:
0

Approach

Insert t001.

0
0
0
0

Approach to workpiece contour,
Machine workpiece contour.
Depart from workpiece contour
Return to tool change position.

Each program
gram blocks.

Block number

to tool change position

section comprises

individual

pro-

The control automatically allocates a block number to each block. The block number designates the program block within a machining program.
When erasing a block, the block number remains
and the subsequent block then shifts to the allocation of the erased block.

7 L

z - 20,000

8 L

x - 12,000

x + 20.000

14 cc

M
M

Y + 20.000
RR F40
Y + 80.000
x - 10.000
x + 70,000 Y + 51.715
DR + RR F40
Y + 80.000
x+150.000
Y + 20,000
x + 90.000
DR + RR F40
Y + 20,000
x + 120,000
RR F40

M
M

Programming is guided by a prompting routine.
i.e. during program entry. the control asks for the
necessary data in plain language.
With every block, a sequence of dialogues is
opened by pressing the dialogue initiation key

e.g. DEF (the control subsequently

asks for the

tool number and then the tool length etc.).
The operator is made aware of entry errors via
the plain language display. incorrect data can be
amended immediately during program entry.

MO3

10 RND R + 5.000
11 L
x + 50.000
12 cc
13 c

Dialogue
prompting

RO F9999
Y + 60.000
RO F9999
Y + 60.000
RR F40

I
First dialoaue

11 Second dialogue

I11

1 Respond to

I
11

Programming
Responding to dialogue questions
Responding
to dialogue
questions

Every dialogue question must be responded to.
The response is displayed in the inverted character line on the screen.
After complete response of the dialogue quastion. the entered data is transferred into the
memory

by pressing

“ENT”: Abbreviation

Omission
dialogue
questions

for the word “enter”.

Certain entry data remains identical from blockto-block, e.g. the feed rate or spindle speed.
Such dialogue questions do not have to be
answered and can be “skipped over” by
pressing

The data which is already displayed in the inverted character line iserased and the next dialogue question appears.
When executing the program. the data previously
entered under the appropriate address is valid.

Curtailed
blocks

NO
ENT

possible to curtail
the programming of positioning blocks, tool calls
or the cycles “datum shift” and “mirror imagev.
Them

-key can be pressed for transferring

data into the memory

the

(as par

access to the subseauent

dialoaue auestion ias

When executing the program. the data previously
entered under the appropriate address is valid.

END
cl
P3

Programming
Entry of numerical values
IEntryof
numerical

values

Numerical values are entered on the decimal
keyboard - with decimal point and arithmetical
sign. Leading zeros before the decimal point may
be neglected. (The decimal point is displayed as
a decimal comma)
Entry of the arithmetical sign is possible prior,
during or after entry of the numerical value.
Incorrect entries can be erased by pressing
the CE -key (clear entry) - before transferring
0
into the memory - and reentered correctly.

Remarks

Program management

Erase/Edit
protection

The control has the capability of storing up to 32
programs with a total of 3100 program blocks.
In order to differentiate between programs. each
program is designated with a program number.
A machining
blocks.

program

can consist of max. 999

Protection
against erasing
and editing

Programs may be protected against direct inter
vention (e.g. program editing or erasing).

Program

The dialogue for entry or call-up of a program

list

number is initiated

by pressing

The display shows the program directory
listing
all the programs which are contained in the program memory. The program extent is indicated
behind the program number (total number of
program blocks).

Call-up
existing

of an
program

Programs already entered are called-up via the
program number. This can be performed in two
‘W3yS:
0

Programs which are stored in the control
memory are displayed on the screen with the
appropriate program number. The number
last entered or called-up is shown in inverted
characters.
The inverted character cursor can be shifted
within the table of numbers by using the
editing keys Fi

I’

Ei~

I I

The program within the inverted character
cursor is called-up

by pressing

0 A program

may be called-up

program

number and pressing

by keying-in
ENT
D.

the

I !

Program management

Entry of a
new program
number

Operating mode
Dialogue initiation

PROGRAM SELECTION
PROGRAM NUMBER

MM = ENTIINCH = NO ENT

Display example

Selecting an
existing program number

for dimensions

in mm

for dimensions

in inches

The program

is numbered

12345678:

Operating mode
Dialogue initiation

PROGRAM SELECTION
PROGRAM NUMBER =
Either select program number using
the reverse video cursor:

Or key-in the program

Key-in number.

number:
‘Q
la

Display example
0 BEGIN PGM 8324
1 L...

Enter into memory.

The beginning of the selected program
appears on the screen.

Program management
Programs with edit protection
IEraselEdit

lprotection

After program compilation, an
made for erase/edit protection.
protection against erasing and
marked with the letter P at the
end of the program.

entry can be
Programs having
editing are
beginning and

A protected program can only be erased if the
erase/edit protection has been cancelled. This
can be done by addressing the program and
entering the code number 86357.

IP8

Program management
Programs with edit protection
Entry of erase/
edit protection

Operating mode

El
Select block number 0 of program
to be protected.

0 BEGIN PGM 22

Press until dialogue question
PGM-Protection is displayed.

PGM-PROTECTION?
0 BEGIN PGM 22MMm

Protection

is programmed

Display example
0 BEGIN PGM 22 MM

1 L...
2 L...

Cancellation
erase/edit

of
Select program which is to have
protection cancelled.

0 BEGIN PGM 22 MM

VkANT

BLOCKS 2951

Select supplementary

mode.

Select MOD-function

“Code number”

Key-in code number 86357.

CODE NUMBER =
‘7

Erase/edit protection

is cancelled.

Programming of tool compensation

Tool definition
TOOL DEF

In order that the control can calculate a tool path
which conforms to an entered workpiece contour. the tool length and radius must be
entered. These data are programmed within the
TOOL DEFINITION.

Tool number

Compensation (or offset) values are related to a
certain tool which has a certain tool number.
Entry values for the tool number depend on the
type of machine tool:
with automatic tool changer: 1 - 99,
without

automatic tool changer: 1 - 254.

The offset value for the tool length can be
determined on the machine or on a tool presetter.

Tool length

If the length offset is to be determined at the
to be
machine, the workpiece zero datum @is
defined. The tool with which the workpiece zero
datum was set has the offset value 0 and is
referred to as the “zero-tool”.
Length offset values of the remaining tools correspond to the length difference from the zerotool.
C

Arithmetical

sign

If a tool is shatter than the zero-tool. the difference is programmed as a negative offset value.
If a tool is longer than the zero-tool. the difference is programmed as a positive offset value.
If a tool presetter is being used. all tool lengths
are already known. The offset values are entered
from a list with the cbrrect arithmetical sign.

Programming the workpiece contour

Tool radius

A tool radius offset is always entered as a positive value (exception: radius compensation with
playback programming).

For drilling and boring tools. the value 0 can be
entered.
Possible entry range: + 30000.000

Programming of tool compensation

Central
tool store

As of software version 03. TNC 151 and TNC 155
can activate a central tool store via machine
parameters.
The central tool store is addressed via the program number 0 and can be amended, output
and input in the 3 “programming”-mode.
Up
El
to 99 tools can be stored. Each tool is entered
with a tool number. length. radius and store location.

Toolchanger
with random
select facility

When using a toolchanger with random select.
i.e. variable tool location coding. the control is
responsible for the tool management. Random
tool selection operates as follows: Whilst a certain tool is being used for machining, the control
is already searching for the next tool to be used.
When a tool change takes place. the tool last
used is exchanged for the new tool. The control
automatically registers the tool number and in
which store location is was last placed. The tool
which is to be searched for is programmed with
pq
the -DEF-key. (Caution! This is a new function for
the m-key)
Y

Tools which, due to their size, allocate three locations, can be defined as special purpose tools. A
special purpose tool is always located to a fixed
location. This is programmed by seaing the cursor in response to the dialogue question

SPECIAL TOOL?
and replying with

~ Ho&wise
transfer

In the ..blockwise transfer”-mode,
compensation
values can be called-up from the central tool
store.

Programming of tool compensation
Tool definition
Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

pEj

TOOL NUMBER?

Key-in tool number.
Enter into memory.

Key-in difference value
from zero tool or enter by pressing
actual position data key.

TOOL LENGTH L?

Enter into memory

TOOL RADIUS R?

Key-in tool radius.

Enter into memory

PI3

Programming of tool compensation
Tool call
ICalling-up
is tool

‘rooL CALL

With TOOL CALL, a new tool and the corres~
ponding compensation values for length and
radius are called-up.
In addition to the tool number, the control must
also know in which axis the spindle will operate,
in order to apply both-the length compensation
in the correct axis-and the radius compensation
in the correct plane.
After specification of the working spindle axis,
the spindle speed must be entered.
If a spindle speed lies outside of the permissible
range for the machine, the followina error message is displayed during program &I:
= WRONG RPM =

Tool change

Tool change takes place in a definite tool
change position. The control therefore positions
the tool to a position with non-compensated
nominal values for execution of tool change.
For this, the compensation data for the tool currently in operation must be cancelled.
This is done via a

TOOL CALL 0:
The tool is positioned to the required non-compensated nominal position which is programmed
in the following block.
Traverses to the tool change position can be
executed via M91. M92 (Auxiliary functions M) or
via a PLC-positioning command. (Information can
be obtained from the machine tool supplier).

Program

When performing a manual tool change, the program must be stopped. A STOP-command
is
therefore required before the TOOL CALL-command. The program remains in a stopped condition until the external start button is pressed.
If a tool call is only programmed for the purpose
of speed-change, the programmed STOP may be
neglected.
An automatic tool change does not require a
programmed STOP. Program run is continued
when the tool change procedure is final&d.

IP14

TOOL CHANGE

TOOL CALL 0
TOOL CHANGE

Programming of tool compensation
Tool call/Program run stop
Entry of
a tool Cdl
clommand

Operating mode
Dialogue initiation
TOOL NUMBER?

Key-in tool number.

b0
g

Enter into memory.

WORKING SPINDLE AXIS x/y/z?

Enter working

SPINDLE SPEED S RPM?

Key-in spindle speed (refer to
table on next page).

spindle axis, e.g. Z

‘f
Enter into memoly

Display example

Tool number 5 has been called-up. The working
spindle axis is operating in the Z-direction; the
spindle speed is 12: rpm.

pri

Entry of
a programmed
stop

Operating mode
Dialogue initiation

AUXILIARY FUNCTION M?
Auxiliary

function

Key-in auxiliary function

required:

Enter into memory.

Auxiliary

fwction

not required:

Data entry not required

Display example
Program run is stopped at block No. 18,
71

No auxiliary function.

P15

Tool call
Spindle speeds
Programmable
spindle speeds
(with coded
output)

With coded output, the spindle speeds must lie
within the standard range. If necessary. the con
trol will round-off the value to the next highest
standard value.

spiidle
speeds
(with analogue
output)

Programmed spindle speeds do not have to COTrespond to the values given in the table. Any
desired spindle speed may be programmed provided it is not below the minimum speed and
does not exceed the maximum speed.
Moreover. the “spindle override- potentiometer
enables the programmed speed to be superimposed by a set %-factor.
With TNC 155 as of software version 06 and TNC
151. the max. entry value with analogue output
of spindle speeds has been increased to
30000 rpm.

P16

Programming of workpiece contours
Contour
Workpiece
c’mtour

Construction
of a workpiece
contour

Workpiece contours which are programmed
the TNC 151/TNC 155 corisist of the contour
elements straights and arcs.

with

For construction of a workpiece contour, the
control must receive information regarding the
type and location of individual contour elements.
Since the next machine step is determined in
each program block, it is sufficient

to enter the co-ordinates
position and

of the next target

Y
t

POACTUAL POSITION
P, NOMINAL POSITION

0 specify with which type of path (straight, arc
or spiral) the next target position is to be
reached.

Programming
of
w-ordinates

Co-ordinates

can only be programmed

when the

path to the target position has already been specified.
The type of path is programmed with one of the
contouring keys (see next page). These keys
simultaneously
initiate dialogue programming.

Absolute/

If position co-ordinates

incremental

are to be entered in

dimensions,

the

q
I

-key must

be pressed. The red indicator lamp signals that
the entry has been transferred as an incremental
dimension.
The M-key
pressing the

has an alternating

q
I

function.

-key, programming

By re-

is reverted

absolute dimensions and the red indicator

lamp is then off.

i
i

1
I

Programming of workpiece contours
Contouring keys/Cartesian co-ordinates
Contouring
keys

pJ’

Linear interpolation

c Cwcular interpolation
bl’

L (“Line”):

The tool follows a straight path. The end
position of the straight line is programmed.

C (“Circle”):

The tool follows the path of a circular arc.
The end position of the circular arc is programmed.

q ’

cc Ctrcle centre CC (“Circle Centre”) (also
as pole for polar co-ordinate programming):
For programming the circle centrepoint with
circular interpolation and the pole-position
for program entry in polar co-ordinates.

Rounding of corners RND:
The tool inserts an arc which has a tangential transition into the subsequent contour.
Only the arc radius has to be programmed.

Cartesian
co-ordinates

PI8

Tangentjal arc CT:
The tool Inserts an arc which tangentially
adjoins the previous contour. Only the end
position of the arc has to be programmed.

A maximum of three axes (with linear interpolation) with the corresponding numerical value
can be programmed. If axis IV is to be used for a
rotary table (A. B or C-axis). entry is made in O
(degrees).

Programming of workpiece contours
Cartesian co-ordinates
E,ntry of
~Cartesian
co-ordinates

Dialogue question:
COORDINATES?

Select axis. e.g. X.
Incremental-Absolute?

When all co-ordinates

are entered:

Key-in numerical

Enter next co-ordinate, e.g.
Y and if required the third
co-ordinate (max. 3 axes).
Enter into memory

value.

Programming of workpiece contours
Polar co-ordinates/Pole
Polecc

In the polar co-ordinates system, the datum for
the polar co-ordinates is the pole.
Before entry of polar co-ordinates,
the pole
must be defined.
There are three ways of defining the pole:
0 The pole is re-defined
co-ordinates.

by using Cartesian

A CC-block is programmed
of the working plane.

with co-ordinates

0 The last nominal position is utilised as the
pole.
A CC-block is programmed. The co-ordinates last programmed are then used for the
definition of the oole.

0 The pole has the co-ordinates which were
programmed in the last CC-block.
A CC-block

P20

need not be programmed.

Pro&-amming of workpiece contours
Polar co-ordinates/Pole
Elntry of the
PIOk

Operating

mode

Dialogue

initiation

COORDINATES?

Select first axis. e.g. X
Incremental-Absolute?
Key-in numerical

If only one co-ordinate of the last
nominal value is to change. the other
does not have to be entered.

value.

Select second axis. a. g. Y

Incremental-Absolute?

Key-in numerical

value.

Enter into memory

Display

example

1
27

Disp’ay

examp’e

CC X -I- 10,000

2 rr.5Oiand

IV + 45,000

The pole has the absolute X-co-ordinate
and the incremental Y-co-ordinate 45.

The pole I” block 93 has the co-ordinates
Y 33.000.

Programming of workpiece contours
Polzi- co-ordinates
Polar
co-ordinates

If required, polar co-ordinates can be used for
programming positions (polar co-ordinate radius
PR. polar co-ordinate angle PA).
Polar co-ordinates

are always related to a~

pole cc.

Incremental
entry

With incremental entry. the polar co-ordinate
radius is increased by the programmed value.
An incremental polar co-ordinate
renced to the angle last entered.

angle is refe-

Example: Point PI has the polar co-ordinates
PRI (absolute) and PA1 (absolute). Point P2 has
the polar co-cordinates PR2 (incremental) and
PAZ (incremental). When programming point
PRZ. only the change in radius and change in
angle for PA2 are entered as numerical values.
Point P2 has the absolute values PR = (Pi31 +
PRZ) and PA = (PA1 + PA2).

P22

Programming of workpiece contours
Polar co-ordinates
Ehtry of
Qolar
c:o-ordinates

Dialogue

question:

POLAR COORDINATES-RADIUS

PR?

)

Incremental-Absolute?

Key-in polar co-ordinates
target point.

radius PR to

Enter into memory

POLAR COORDINATES-ANGLE

Incremental-Absolute?

PA?

Key-in polar co-ordinates angle PA
related to reference axis.
Enter into memory

Programming of workpiece contours
Radius compensation - Path compensation
Tool radius

For automatic compensation of tool length and
radius - as entered in the TOOL DEF block - the
control must know whether the tool is located to
the right of the contour. left of the contour or is
directly on the contour in the feed direction.

Path
compensation

If the tool is moving with path compensation, i.e.
the centrepoint of the tool is moving with the
programmed radius being considered, the tool
follows a path which is parallel to the workpiece
contour and which is offset by the tool radius.

Programming
the radius
offset

Tool radius offset is programmed
the keys

q
R-

and

by pressing

. The red indicator

shows which type of tool radius compensation
being applied.

If the tool is to move along the contour without
consideration of a radius offset, the positioning
block must be programmed without tool radius
compensation.

If the tool is to move on the right-hand
side of
the programmed contour with radius offset,
press R5
cl
The red indicator lamp signals that the RZ
0
function is effective.

If the tool is to move on the left-hand
side of
the programmed contour with radius offset,
press

RPI

The red indicator lamp signals that the R0
function is effective.

1’24

Programmed

lamp
is

contour

Programming of workpiece contours
Radius compensation
Entry of
RL or RR

Dialogue question:
TOOL RADIUS COMP. RL/RR/NO COMP.? )

[El

select radius compensation.

Enter into memory.

Entry of RO

Dialogue question:
TOOL RADIUS COMP. RL/RR/NO COMP.? )

Enter “no compensation”

into memob’

Programming of workpiece contours
Path compensation
Path
compensation
on internal
cornets

On internal corners, the control automatically
calculates the intersection
S of the milling tool
path which is parallel to the workpiece contour.
This prevents workpiece damage through back
cuimg.

Path

When radius compensation has been programmed, the control applies a transitional
arc
which enables the tool to “roll: around the COTner.
In most cases. the tool is guided around the carner at a constant feed rate. If. however. the programmed feed rate is too high for the transitional
arc. the feed rate is automatically reduced to a
lower value (ensuring contour precision). The
limit value is permanently programmed within the
control.
Automatic feed rate reduction can be cancelled
by programming the auxiliary function M90 (see
“Feed rate”) if required.

Correction
of path
with

M97

If the tool radius is larger than a step within
the contour, the transitional arc can cause
workpiece damage on an external comer.
This is then indicated by the error message
= TOOL RADIUS TOO LARGE = and the covesponding positioning block is not executed.
The auxiliary function PA97 prevents the insertion
of a transitional arc. The control then calculates
a further path intersection
S and guides the
tool via this point, thereby preventing damage to
the contour.

Error message:
TOOL RADIUS TOO LARGE
J7
program
contour

withoul
M97

Programming of workpiece contours
Path compensation
Special case
with M97

In special cases. e.g. intersection of a circle and
straight line, the control is unable to make an
intersection with path compensation using M97.
When executing

the program. the error

= TOOL RADIUS TOO LARGE =
is displayed.

Remedy

Insertion of an auxiliary positioning block which
extends the end point of the arc by a length
“zero”. The control then performs a linear interpolation which determines the intersecting point S.

L 1; 0,000

16 CC Circle centrepoint
17
C Arc end position

L IX 0,OQO IY 0,000
R F M97

L straight

IY 0,000

P
1Y

L IX 0,001

A straight contour element with the length zero
has been programmed in block 18
Or:

L IXO.001
R F M97

A straight contour has been programmed
length of 0.001 mm.

Constant
feed rate on
external
‘corners M90

with a

The feed rate reduction on external comers can
be cancelled with the auxiliary function M90.
This can however lead to a slight contour blemish. Also, excessive acceleration values can
occur, i.e. the maximum acceleration defined in
the machine parameters can be exceeded.
This auxiliary function depends on the machine
parameters which are stored in the memory
(operation with trailing error). The machine tool
builder will indicate if this type of operation is
possible with your control.

without
M9Q

f
f

\
-

with
M90

P2 7

Programming of workpiece contours
Path comper%ation
Termination
of path
compensation
M98

The auxiliary function M98 ensures that a contour element is completely executed. If a further
contour has been programmed, as shown in the
adjacent example, the first contour position is
approached with tool radius compensation, as a
result of M98, and is completely executed (see
also “Departure command”).

without

Line-by-line
milling with
I’498

A further example for application of M98 is lineby-line milling with downfeed in Z.

Example

Lz
Lx
L
Lz
L
L

P28

-10
x20
YIIO
-20
Y-110
Y-IO

R F9999
M
Y-IO RR F20 M
R F
M98
M
R F9999
RL F20
M
R F
M98

M98

with M98

,.,

Programming of workpiece contours
Feed rate F/Auxiliary functions M
Feed rate

The feed rate. i.e. tool path speed is programmed in mm/min. or 0.1 inch/min.
With rotary tables (A. 6 or C-axis) the entry value
is in O/min.
The feed rate override on the control operating
panel can van/ the feed rate from 0 to 150%.
Max. entry

values

15999 mm/min.

6299/10

(rapid) for the feed rate are
or

inch/min.

The max. feed rate of the individual machine
axes is determined through machine parameters
by the machine tool builder.

Auxiliaty
functions

For control of special machine functions (e.g.
spindle “on”) and tool path behaviour, auxiliary
(miscellaneous) functions can be programmed.
Auxiliary functions have the address letter M
and a code number.
When programming, it must be noted that certain M-functions are effective at the beginning of
a block (e.g. MO3 spindle “on”, clockwise) and
others at the block-end (e.g. MO5 Spindle
‘stop”).
A list of all M-functions
pages.

P30

is given on the following

Progr&nming of workpiece contours
Entry off feed rate
Entry of auxiliary functions
Entry of
feed rate

Dialogue

question:

FEED RATE ? F =

Key-in code number.
Enter into memory

Entry of a”
auxiliary
function

Dialogue

question:

AUXILIARY

FUNCTION

M ?

Key-in code number.
Enter into memory

P31

Auxiliary functions M

M-functions
which affect
program run

P32

Auxiliary functions M

I-reely

selectable
iwxiliary
l’unctions

Freely selectable auxiliary functions are deter
mined by the machine tool builder and are
explained in the machine tool manual.

P33

Programming of workpiece contours
Straight paths
Single axis
movements

If the tool moves relative to the workpiece in a
straight path which is parallel to a machine
axis, this is referred to as single axis positioning
or machining.

z
SINGLE AXIS

ZD-Linear
interpolation

If the tool moves in a straight path in one of the
main planes (XY, YZ. ZX). this is referred to as
2D-linear interpolation.

2
ZD-LINEAR INTERPOLATION
t

3D-Linear
interpolation

P34

If the tool moves relative to the workpiece in a
straight path with simultaneous traversing of all
three machine axes, this is referred to as
3D-linear interpolation.

Programming of workpiece contours
Straight paths
Straight
line L

The tqol is to mcwe in a straight line from the
starting position Pl to the target position P2.
The target position P2 (nominal position)
grammed.

is pro-

The nominal position P2 can be specified
in Cartesian or in polar co-ordinates.

either

Y
t

9”
93
if

Linear
interpolation
with a linear
axis and angle
axis

l p2

When performing linear interpolation with a
linear and an angle axis, the following should be
noted:
software version 01. 02 (TNC 155)
The programmed feed rate applies to the speed
of the anale axis. With rotary ax? movements
through small angles, the lit&r axis must adapt
its feed rate to the rotary axis. This leads to relatively high feed rates of the linear axis and since the feed rate of the linear axis is displayed
- a correspondingly
high feed rate display on the
VDU-screen.
As of software version
03
(TNC 151flNC 155)
The programmed feed rate F is interpreted as a
contouring feed rate. i.e. broken down into
linear and angle components as follows:
F(L) = F x AL
/(AL)’

+ (AW)’

F(W)=FxAW
J(ALj’

+ (AW)i’

Designation:
= programmed feed rate
F
F (L) = linear component of feed fate
F (W) = angle component
= Traversing distance of linear aXiS
AL
AW
= Traversing distance of angle axls

P35

Remarks

lP36

Programming of workpiece contours
Linear interpolation/Cartesian co-ordinates

Entry in
Cartesian
co-ordinates

Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

COORDINATES?

Select axis, e.g. X.

El
I

Incremental-Absolute?
Key-in numerical

value

Key-in next co-ordinate, e.g. Y and
if reqd. a third co-ordinate (max. 3

When keying-in of all co-ordinates
the target position is finalised.

Enter into memory
I

TOOL RADIUS COMP. RL/RR/NO COMP.? ) pi

pqR If reqd., key-in radius compensation.
Enter into memory

FEED RATE? F =

if reqd.. key-in feed rate.
Enter into memory.

I
t

AUXILIARY FUNCTlON M?

If reqd., key-in auxiiia@ function.
Enter into memory

Display example

The tool moves to position X 20.Dmm (absolute)
and Y 49.8 mm (incremental) with a radius offset
to the left of the contour and with a feed rate of
100 mmlmin.
The coolant is switched on at the beginning
the spindle rotation is clockwise.

and

Programming of workpiece contours
Linear interpolation/Polar co-ordinates

EntrY in
p&r
co-ordinates

Operating

mode

Dialogue

initiation

POLAR COORDINATES

RADIUS

PR?

)

Incremental

Absolute?

Key-in polar co-ordinates radius PR fol
end position of straight line.
Enter into memory.

POLAR COORDINATES

TOOL RADIUS

ANGLE PA?

COMP. TL/RR/NO

COMP.?

)

Incremental

Key-in polar co-ordinates angle PA for
end position of straight line.

Enter into memory

- Absolute?

7 If reqd., key-in radius compensation.
Enter into memory

FEED RATE ? F =

If reqd.. key-in feed rate.
Enter into memory

AUXILIARY

FUNCTION

M ?

if reqd., key-in auxiliary function.

Display

example
r

Enter into memory.

The tool moves to a position which is 35 mm
away from the last defined Pole CC: the polar coordinates angle is 45’ (absolute). Radius cornpensation and feed rate are determined by the values
last programmed. There is no auxiliary function.

P39

Programming of workpiece contours
Circular interpolation
circular
interpolation

The movements of two axes are simultaneously
controlled such. that the relative movement of
the tool to the workpiece describes a circle or an
arc.
With TNC 155 an arc can be programmed in
three ways:
l

via the circle centrepoint and end position
with the keys m

and

0 by inserting an arc with a tangential
transition at both ends. via the radius only.
with the yk -key.
0
0 by adjoining the arc to the previous contour
tangentially and the arc end position with
the m-key

Circle
centre cc

The circle centre must be defined before commencement of circular interpolation-program-

ming with j’
0
Two types of programming are possible:
0 The circle centre CC is defined with Cartesian
co-ordinates.
0 The circle centre is alreadv defined bv the
co-ordinates of the last CC-block.
Entry dialogue for the circle centre is initiated
with the r7$ -key (see “Pole*).

Circular
path C

The tool is to move on a circular path from the
actual position Pl to the target position PZ.
Only position P2 is programmed.
Position P2 may be specified in Cartesian or
polar co-ordinates.

Direction of
rotation

For circular path movement. the control must
know the direction of rotation. The rotation
direction is either positive DR+ (counter-clock.
wise) or negative DR- (clockwise).

P40

Programming of workpiece contours
Direction of rotation
Eintry

Dialogue question:

ROTATION CLOCKWISE: DR - ?
Key-in (-) rotating direction.

If rotation should be clockwise:

Enter into memory

Key-in (+) rotating direction
(press sign change key twice)

If rotation should be countwclockwise:

z
Enter into memory

P41

Programming of workpiece contours
Circular interpolation/Cartesian co-ordinates
Circular path
:programming I in
Cartesian
co-ordinates

When programming in Cartesian co-ordinates
care must be taken that the starting position and
target position (new nominal position) both lie on
the same circular path, i.e. both positions must
have the same distance to the circle centre CC.
If this is not the case. the following
played:
= CIRCLE END POS. INCORRECT =

IP42

error is dis-

Programming of workpiece contours
Circular interpolation/Cartesian co-ordinates

Elntry in
Cartesian
co-ordinates

Operating mode
Dialogue initiation

COORDINATES?

Select axis. e.g. X.

‘g

Incremental

- Absolute

Key-in numerical

Lg
When all co-ordinates of the arc
end position are keyed-in:

ROTATlON CLOCKWISE: DR- ?

value.

Key-in next co-ordinate,

e.g. Y.

Enter into memory

Key-in rotating direction.

bI%
g

Enter into memory

TOOL RADIUS COMP. RL/RR/NO COMP. ? ) Fi

pi R If reqd., key-in radius compensation.
E

FEED RATE ? F =

Enter into memory

If reqd.. key-in feed rate.
Enter into memory.

AUXILIARY FtiNCTlON M ?

If reqd., key-in auxiliary function.
Enter into memory

Display example
)“““‘“,:.,:*“.

The tool moves to the target position X 30.000
and Y 48.000 in a circular path in the positive
rotating direction (counter-clockwise).
with a tool
radius offset to the right of the contour.
The feed rate corresponds to the value last programmed. There is no auxiliary function.

P43

Programming of workpiece contours
Circular interpolation/Polar co-ordinates
Circular path
programming
in polar
co-ordinates

If the target position on the circular path is programmed in polar co-ordinates, it is sufficient if
the target position is defined through specific+
tion of the polar co-ordinates angle PA (absolute
or incremental).
The radius is already defined through the posi
tion of the tool and the programmed circle
centre cc.

If the tool is located at the pole or circle centre
before starting circular interpolation, the following
error is displayed:
= ANGLE REFERENCE MISSING =

P44

Programming of workpiece contours
Circular interpolation/Polar co-ordinates

Entry in
p0lar
cwordinates

Operating

mode

Dialogue

initiation

(if reqd.

POLAR COORDINATES

ANGLE PA?

)

q q
)

Incremental

- Absolute

Key-in polar co-ordinates angle
PA for circle target position.

,_i

Enter into memory

COORDINATES?
The question COORDINATES requires an
entry with “Helical interpolationw for explanm
ation, see “Helical interpolation”

ROTATION

CLOCKWISE:

DR-

Key-in rotating direction.

)!%I
g

TOOL RADIUS

COMP. RL/RR/NO

COMP. ?)

Enter into memory.

Fi ? If reqd., key-in radius compensation.
Enter into memory

If reqd., key-in feed rate.

FEED RATE ? F =

Enter into memory

AUXILIARY

Display

FUNCTION

M ?

If reqd.. key-in auxiliary function.

example

The feed rate corresponds to the value last programmed. There is no auxiliary function.

P45

Programming of workpiece contours
Adjoining arcs
Arc with
tangential
connection

Programming of a circular path is simplified if the
arc tangentially adjoins the contour. Only the arc
end position is entered for defining the arc.

The contour section. to which the circular path is
to be adjoined. must be entered immediately
before programming the adjoining arc. If the contour section is missing, the following error is displayed:

= CIRCLE END POS. INCORRECT =
Two co-ordinates must be programmed in the
positioning block prior to the adjoining arc and
within the block for the arc, otherwise the follow
ing error will Abe displayed:
= ANGLE REFERENCE MISSING =

With a tangential connection to the contour and
an end position of the circular path, an arc is
defined exactly.
This arc has a definite radius, a definite direction
of rotation and a definite centrepoint. It is therefore unnecessary to program these items.

Entry

Only Cartesian co-ordinates
may be programmed for the arc end position.
Dialogue is initiated by pressing

P46

CIRCLE CENTRE

Programming of workpiece Contours
Adjoining arcs
Eintry

Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

COORDINATES?

Select axis. e.g. X.

Incremental~Absolute?
Key-in numerical

value.

Key-in next co-ordinate.

e.g. Y.

9
Incremental-Absolute?
g
Key-in numerical

0
3

Enter into memory

F ,R If reqd.. key-in radius compensation.

TOOL RADIUS COMP. RL/RR/NO COMP. ? ) \Ei
g

FEED RATE ? F =

Enter into memory

If reqd.. key-in feed rate.
g

AUXILIARY FUNCTION M ?

value.

Enter into memory

If reqd., key-in auxiliary function.
Enter into memory.

Display example
7

An arc has been tangentially adjoined.
The co-ordinates of the arc end position
are X 15.8/Y 35.0.

Programming of workpiece contours
Rounding of corners
Rounding
of comers
RND

Contour comers can be rounded-off by applying
comer radii. The comer radius has a tangential
transition into both the previous and subsequent
contour section.
Insertion of a rounding-off radius is possible on
all contour corners. i.e. comers can be formed
by the following contour elements:
0 Straight - Straight
0 Straight - Arc of Arc-Straight
0 Arc - Arc

Programming
hint

Application of a rounding-off radius can only be
performed in a main plane, XY, Y2 or 2X.
This means that the positioning blocks immediately before and after the *rounding-w?
block
must contain both co-ordinates of the working
plane. If the working plane is not exactly defined
(e.g. positioning blocks with X.. Y.. Z..). the
following error is displayed:
= PLANE WRONGLY

:Q Pi
..j
_,

DEFINED =

Programming

Programming of the rounding-off radius immediately follows the point Pl in which the comer is
located.
The rounding-off

IP48

15 Straight line to Pl (X, Y)
16 RND R 15,000
17 Straight line to P2 (X, Y)

radius is entered.

Programming of workpiece contours
Rounding of corners

Entry

Operating mode
Dialogue initiation

ROUNDING-OFF RADIUS R?

Key-in ‘corner radius
Enter into memory

Display example

1
78

RND R 5,000

1 A rounding-off radius R = 5.000 mm has been
inserted between the contour elements forming a
corner.

P49

Programming of workpiece contours
Chamfers
Chamfers

With TNC 151,‘TNC 155. chamfers with the side
length L can be applied to workpieces. The Hkey is used for programming.
The angle between
onal.

points P4Pl and PlP2 is opti-

Application of a chamfer may only be performed
in one of the main planes (XV. YZ. ZX). This
means that the blocks before and after the
*chamfer-block”
must contain both co-ordinates
oft the working plane.
If the working plane has not been exactly defined
(e.g. a positioning block with X.. Y.. Z.. .). the
following error is displayed:
= PLANE WRONGLY

DEFINED =

26 Straight

line to Pl (X, v)

27 L 10,000

28 Straight line to P2 (X v)

P50

Programming of workpiece contours
Chamfers
Entry

Operating

mode

Dialogue

initiation

COORDINATES

Key-in chamfer side length L.
Enter into memory

Display

example
88

L 7,500

A chamfer with the side length L = 7.5 mm has
been applied between the contour elements form1”g a corner.

Programming of workpiece contours
Helical interpolation
Helix

With circular interpolation, two axes are simultaneously traversed such, that a circle is described
in one of the main planes (XY. YZ. 2X).
If the circular interpolation is superimposed with
a linear movement in the third axis (= tool axis),
the tool will follow a helical path.
Helical interpolation can be used for manufacture
of large-diameter, internal and external threads as
well as lubrication grooves.

Entry data

A helix can only be programmed in polar co-ordinates. As with circular interpolation, the circle
centre CC must already be defined beforehand.

The total rotation,al angle of the tool (= number
of thread turns 2) is entered as the polar coordinates
angle PA in degrees:
PA = Number of turns x 360°
For angles greater than 360’. PA must be specified incrementally. The total height/depth is
entered in response to the dialogue request for
co-ordinates.
This value depends on the required pitch.
H=PxA
H = Total height/depth
P = Pitch
A = Number of thread turns
The total height/depth can also be programmed
as an absolute or incremental value.

Radius
compensation

I’52

The tool radius compensation depends on
l the direction of rotation,
0 the type of thread (internal/external)
l milling direction (pos./neg. axis direction):

Starting position

’

Programming of workpiece contours
Helical interpolation

Emtn/

Operating mode
Dialogue initiation
POLAR COORDINATES ANGLE PA ?

)

Incremental

- Absolute

Key-in total rotational

COORDINATES ?

?
angle.

Select feed axis.

m
5

Incremental

- Absolute

‘0

Key-in height or depth.

Enter into memory

Key-in rotating direction.

ROTATION CLOCKWISE: DR- ?
5

TOOL RADIUS COMP. RL/RR/NO COMP. ? )Fi

Enter. into memory

Key-in radius compensation.
Enter into memory

If reqd.. key-in feed rate.
Enter into memory

AUXlLkY

FUNCTION M ?

If reqd.. key-in auxiliary function.
Enter into memory

Display example

P53

Contour approach and departure
on an arc
Approach
departure

Approach
(run-on)

and
on arc

Contour approach and departure on an arc has
the advantage of the contour being approached
to and departed from on a tangential “smooth*
path. Programming for smooth tangential
approach and departure is performed with RND!

,r’--‘a.7
/

The tool moves to the starting position PS and
then towards the contour which is to be
machined.
The positioning block to PS must not contain
path compensation (i.e. 130).
The positioning block to the first contour position
Pl contains path compensation (RR or RL).
The control recognizes that a tangential
run-on
procedure is required, since an RND-block follows the positioning block for contour position P.

Departure
(run-offj

The tool has reached the last contour position P
and then proceeds to the finishing position PE.
The positioning block to P contains path compensation (RR or RL).
The position block to PE must not contain path
compensation (i.e. RO).
The control recognizes that a tangential
run-off
procedure is required, since an RND-block follows the positioning block for the contour position P.

P54

Contour approach and departure
on an arc
Programming
for approach
(run-on)

20 L x + 100,000
RO F15999
21 L X +

65,000

RR F 50

Y + 50,000

Programming
for departure
(run-off)

30 L X +

65,000
F

block to starting position PS with RO.

M
Y + 40,000

Positioning block to first contour
path compensation RR.

position PI with

Ml3

22 FIND R 10,000
23 L X +

Positioning

Specification

Y + 100,000

Positioning

of tangential

run-on radius.

block to next contour position P2

50,000

RR F50

Y + 65,000
M

31 RND R 15,000
32 L X + 100,000
RO F 15999

Positioning block to last contour position P with
path compensation RR.

Y + 85,000
MOO

Specification

of tangential

Positioning

block to finishing

run-off radius.
position PE with RO.

Caution, when entering F15999.

For tangential approach: The starting point PS
must be located within the quadrant I,. II or Ill.
The ~quadrants are formed by the starting direction in PI’ and the its perpendicular (tangential
direction with arcs) also passing through PI’.
If the starting direction is located within quadrant
IV. a clockwise arc will be formed thus damaging the workpiece.
Pl
PI’
PS
RNDl
RND2

=
=
=
=
=

First contour position
First compensated contour position
Starting position (with radius RO)
Rounding-off arc for quadrants I, II
Rounding-off arc for quadrants ill, IV

P5!

Contour approach and departure in a
straight path
Introduction
contour

approach and
departure in
a straight path
Path angle a

The tool is to move to the position PS and then
run-on to the contour. After the machining procedue. the tool is to run-off the contour and proteed to the position PE.
Run-on and run-off behaviour depends on the
path angle CI.This angle is related to the angle
which is formed between
0 the approach-straight
and the first
contour element and
0 the departure-straight
and the last
contour element.
There are normally three cases which can be
considered:
0 Path angle (1 = 180”

Path angle CI less than 180”

0 Path angle CI greater than 180°

P56

Contour approach and departure in a
straight path
Path angle a equal to 180°
Path angle
a = 1800

If the path angle (1 is equal to 180°, the
and finishing position is located on the
of the last position of a straight contour
tangent of the first/last contour position
cular shaped contours.

starting
extension
or the
with cir-

The starting and finishing position must be programmed with radius compensation
(RL or RR).

Approach
(Run-on)

Interpreted by the
control as a
contour element.

The tool moves in a straight path to the compensated position PSk of contour position PS and
then proceeds to the position Plk on a compensated path.

PS
PSk-

The tool moves from the compensated position
P5k of contour point P5 in a compensated path
to position PEk.

PEk

Contour approach and departure in a
straight path
Path angle a greater than 180'
Path angle
13greater
than 180°

With CI greater than 1804 the starting and finish~
ing position must be programmed with radius
compensation (RL or RR).
The first and last contour position is assumed as
being an external corner. The control implements
path compensation for an external comer and
inserts a transitional arc.

The control considers the starting position PS as
being the first contour position.
The tool moves to position PSk and then on a
compensated path to position Plk.

Departure
(Run-off)

The control considers the finishing
being the last contour position.
The tool moves to the finishing
compensated path.

position PE as

position PEk on a

Contour approach and departure in a
straight path
Path angle a less than 180°
Path angle
a less

than 180”

With CI less than 1809 the starting and finishing
position must be programmed without cornpensation, i.e. with RO.
PS and PE are positioned
sation.

without

path compen-

Approach
(Run-on)

The tool moves from PA in a straight path to the
position Plk of contour position PI.

Departure

The tool moves from the compensated position
P5k of contour position Pl in a straight path to
the uncompensated
position PE.

(Run-off)

P59

Contour approach and ~departure in a straight
path
Approach command M96
Departure command M98
Approach
command M96

If position PS has been programmed without tool
compensation and the path angle CLfor contour
approach is greater than 1809 contour damage
will occur.
With the auxiliary function M96, the starting
position PS is interpreted as a compensated
position PSk.
The tool is positioned to Plk on a compensated
path.
With path angles c greater than 1604 the auxiliary function M96 must be programmed. M96 is
programmed in the block for Pl.

Departure
command M99

If the finishing position is programmed with compensation and with a departure angle c less
than 1904 contour machining will be incomplete.
By programming M98 into the block for P, the
tool is positioned directly to position Pk and then
to the compensated position PEk. The direction
PE-PEk corresponds to the radius offset last executed: in this example P-Pk.

Termination of
path compensation M96

If further contour positions have been programmed subsequent to PE, the direction for the
radius offset depends on the direction of the next
contour section.
An M98 within the block for the last contour
position ensures that the contour element is
completely executed and that the first position of
the subsequent contour is approached to with
radius compensation as per the adjacent
example.

P60

Contour approach and departure in a straight
path
Tool in stat-t position
Approach command M95
Plroblem with
approach angle
less than 180°

L’
!l.

At the beginning of the program. the tool happens to be located at the actual position PS
or the position PS has been approached with
compensation (PS = PSk) ,and position Plk cannot be approached due to the path compensation.

P:k

Approach
command

M95

With auxiliary function M95, path compensation
for the first positioning block is cancelled. The
tool travels from position PS to the compensated
contour Plk without path compensation.
The auxiliary function M95 is programmed when
the approach angle a is less than 1800 It is programmed into the block for position PI.

Plk

L!!t
A!

P61

Subprograms and program part repeats
Program markers (Labels)
Label

When programming, labels with a certain number can be set to mark a program section as e.g.
a subprogram (sub-routine).
Jumps can be made to such label numbers during program run (e.g. for execution of the appropriate subprogram).

Setting a label
LSL SET

A label is set by pressing the m-key.

Label number

Label numbers from 0 to 254 may be allocated.
Label numbw0
always signifies the end of a
subprogram (see “Subprogram”) and is therefore considered as a return jump marker!

If a label number is entered which has already
been allocated somewhere else within the program. the following error is displayed:
= NUMBER ALREADY ALLOCATED

Calhg;~

a label

Di&guui;~;atac

by pressing

0 Subprograms can be retrieved.
0 Program part repeats can be set.
Label number

Label number 1 - 254 may be called-up,
If the number 0 is entered, the following
displayed:

error is

= JUMP TO LABEL 0 NOT PERMITTED =.

Repetiiion

REP

With program part repeats the question
-REPEAT REP” is responded to by entering the
required number of repetitions.
The question REP is responded to by pressing
/@

P62

for subprogram

calls.

q )

o =
0

CALL

LBL 27

Eel
0

Subprograms and program part repeats
Labels
Betting a label

Operating mode
Dialogue initiation

LABEL NUMBER?

Key-in label number.
Enter into memory.

Display example

Label number 27 has been allocated to block 118.

Label call

Operating mode
Dialogue initiation
LABEL NUMBER?

Keyin label number to be called-up.
Enter into memory

REPEAT REP?
If a program part repeat is to be entered:

Key-in the number of repetitions.

Kl
g

If a subprogram

call is to be entered:

Enter into memory

Entry not required.

Display
example 1

The subprogram
up (continuation

Display
example 2

A program part is repeated two times. The “urnber after the dash is a countdown indicating the
number of repetitions which are still to be executed. This number is reduced by 1 after completion
of each program part

having label number 27 is calledof machining with block number

~
~

Subprograms and program part repeats
Program part repeat
Program part
repeat

A program section which has been executed can
be repeated if required. This is referred to as a
program loop or program part repeat.
The beginning of the program part which is to be
repeated is marked with a label number.
The end of the program part is formed by a LBL
CALL in conjunction with the number of

repeats REP.

Y
0

-0

PROGRAM
PART

I
Program run

The control executes the main program (including the appropriate program part) until call-up of
the label number.
A jump is then made to th‘e program
the program part is repeated.

The display countdown reduces the number of
repetitions by 1 : REP 2/l.
After a new jump. the program
agan.

label and

part is repeated

zik+iE
OF LBLll

0
0
EO

o=,
O3-E

When all programmed repetitions have been executed, (display: REP Z/O). the main program is
continued.

Infinite loop

If no entry is made (by pressing

I,“,” ) in
El
response to the question concerning the number
of repeats REP, an endless loop will take place:
the call-up of the label number is repeated
constantly.
During program run and a test run. an infinite
loop is indicated after 8 iepetitions by the error
message:
= EXCESSIVE SUBPROGRAMMING

,D ...
P64

Subprograms and program part repeats
Subproijram
Subprogram

If a program part is required at another location
within the machining program. this program section is referred to as a sub-routine or subprogram.
The beginning
of the subprogram is labelled
with a label number. The end of subprogram
is always labelled with the label number 0.

The subprogram is retrieved via a LBL CALL
command. LBL CALL can be made at any loca
tion within the program.
After execution of the subprogram,
is made to the main program.

Program

run

”

c’

”

LBLO

0
0

SUBPROGRAM

a return jump

The control works through the main program
until the subprogram call-up (CALL LBL 27 REP).
A jump is then made to the label called
The subprogram is executed
(subprogram end).

until label number 0

Finally, a return jump is made into the main prog’am.

0s
o=

LBL2J

z”
0

0 ~

The main program is continued from the block
immediately after the subprogram call.

A subprogram can only be executed once via a
call-up command! When retrieving a subprogram
via LBL CALL, the dialogue question REPEAT
REP? must be responded

to by pressing

V
P65

Subprograms and program part repeats
Nesting
A further subprogram or program part repeat can
be called-up within an existing subprogram or
program part repeat. This procedure is referred
to as nesting. (Illustrative example: set of boxes
or tables etc. fitting one inside another).

1
I
-0g
I 0
oz

Program parts and subprograms can be nested up to 8 times. i.e. the nesting level totals 8.

If the nesting level has been exceeded. the following error is displayed:
= EXCESSIVE SUBPROGRAMMING

LBL 15 EOI

-O

The main program
made to LBL 17.
The program

is executed

until a jump is

part is repeated twice.

Afterwards, the control continues program execution until a jump to LBL 15. The program part
is repeated once until CALL LBL 17 REP 2/2 and
the nested program part twice in addition. The
program part last programmed is then continued
to CALL LBL 17.

Program run
with
subprograms

The main program is executed
command CALL LBL 17.

until the jump

Afterwards, the subprogram is executed from
LBL 17 to the next call-up CALL LBL 53 etc. The
last subprogram within the series of nests is executed without interruption.
Before the end of the last subprogram (LBL 0). a
return jump is made to each previous subprogram until the main program is reached again.

P66

B o CALLLBLI? REP@OII

Program run
with repetition

LBLI7

LBL15REPIllo CALL

Subprograms and program part repeats
Nesting
A subprogram
with a
subprogram

A subprogram cannot be programmed into an
existing subprogram. As per the adjacent
example, each of the subprograms is only executed to the label number 0.

In this case. the subprogram 20 should be programmed at the end of the main program.
however separated from the main program by a
STOP M02.
Subprogram 20 is called-up via CALL LBL 20
within subprogram 19.

Repetition
of subprograms

With the aid of nesting, it is possible to repeat
subprograms.
The subprogram is called-up within a program
part repeat. This subprogram call is the only
block of the program part repeat.
During program run, care should be taken that
the subprogram is executed one time more than
the number of repetitions programmed.

P67

Program jum‘p

A jump into
another
main program

Program management of the control permits a
jump from one main program to another.
This etiables
0 home-made machining cycles to be compiled by using parameter programming (see
cycle “program call”)
0

the storage of tool lists.

Programming

of the jump is initiated with the

q -key.

If a program number, to which no program has
been allocated, is entered (e.g. CALL PGM 13).
the error
= PGM 13 UNAVAlL4BLE

is displayed when selecting the main program
via the jump command.
Max. four nesting levels are permitted
gram calls, i.e. the nesting level is 4.

Program
example
/

run

for pro.

The control executes the main program 1 until
the program call command CALL PGM.
A jump is then made into the main program
Program 28 is completely
finish.

28.

executed from start to

A return jump is then made into main program
Main program 1 is then continued
subsequent to the program call.

B66

from the block

Program jump

Entry

Operating mode
Dialogue initiation

PROGRAM NUMBER?

Key-in number of program to be
called-up.
Enter into memory.

Main program

Display example

28 has been called-up

in block 87

87 CALL PGM 28

P69

Parameters

Within a program, numerical values which are
related to units of measure (co-ordinates or feed
rate) can be substituted by variable parameters
for numerical values which are either entered at
a later stage or calculated by the control.
When executing the program. the control then
uses the numerical value which the parameter
provides in the parameter definition.

Setting
parameters

not have to be programmed. The m-key
used for setting a parameter.

Parameter
definition

The correlation of certain numerical values to the
parameters is either possible directly or via
mathematical and logical functions.
The dialogue for parameter
with the
;ysy

Parameter
definition

Parameters are designated by the letter Cl and a
number between 0 and 99. Parameters may be
entered with a negative sign. Positive signs do

definitions

is initiated

- key The adjacent parameter

FN can be selected with the [Fi

func-

If parameters are entered instead of co-ordinates
within a linear interpolation, contours can be produced which are based on mathematical functions e.g. ellipses. The contour is then formed by
a large number of individual straight sections.
(see also programming example “Ellipse”)

FN 0:

ASSIGN

FN 1: ADDlTlON
FN 2: SUBTRACTlON
FN 3:
FN 4:

MULTlPLlCATlON
DlVlSlON

FN 5:

SQUARE ROOT

FN 6:
FN 7:

SINE
COSINE

FN 6:

ROOT SUM OF SQUARES

FN 9:
FN 10:
FN 11:
FN 12:

IFEQUAL, JUMP
IF UNEQUAL, JUMP
IF GREATER THAN, JUMP
IF LESS THAN, JUMP

Q12
Q 45

I!4
28 L X+GPl5 yfQ42

R F M

P70

Parameters

Setting
a parameter

Dialogue question e.g.
COORDINATES?

,, Select axis. e.g. X.

m
i5
E
$

Press parameter-key.
Key-in parameter

number.

If reqd., key-in sign _

Enter into memory.

Display example

Parameter 013 is an allocation for the numerical
value of the X-co-ordinate.
Parameter 02 is an allocation for the negative
Y-co-ordinate value.
Q13 is for example; assigned with the value
+40.000 and Q2 +19.000. The tool will therefore
move to the position P (X +40.000/Y
-19.000).

“‘“*:‘:‘“.

Addressing
a parameter
function

Operating mode
Dialogue initiation

FNO: ASSIGN
If the reqd. function
e.g.

NIbfC

Select reqd. parameter

function.

is in the display.

FN 9: IF EQUAL, JUMP

Enter into memory

The first dialogue question appears in the display
(see corresponding function for response).

P71

Parameters
Parameter functions
FN 0:
Assign

With function

FN 0. a parameter

is assigned with

a numerical value or another parameter.
Assignment

is designated

05 = 65,432

by a “=” sign.

Display:
18 FN 0: Q5 = +65,432

FN 1:
Addition

With function FN 1. a certain parameter is
defined as the sum of two parameters or two
numerical values or a parameter and a numerical
value.

a17 = Q2 + 5,000
Display:
12 FN 1: Q17 = +Q2
+ +5x)00

FN 2:
Subtraction

With function FN 2. a certain parameter is
defined as the difference between two ~parameters or two numerical values or a parameter and
a numerical value.

Qll

= 5,000 -

Display:
94 FN 2: 011 = +5,000
-

FN3:
Multiplication

With function FN 3. a certain parameter is
defined as the product of two parameters or
two numerical values or a parameter and a
numerical value.

+Q34

Q21 = Ql x 60.0
Display:
85 FN 3: Q21 = +Ql
* +60,000

:
j

FN4:
Division

With function FN 4. a certain parameter is
defined as the quotient of two parameters or
two numerical values or a parameter and a
numerical value.
(DIV: abbrevation for division)

Q12 = Q2/62
Display:
73 FN 4: Q12 = +Q2
DIV

:! FN 5:
: Square root
I

With function FN 5. a certain parameter is
defined as the square root of a parameter or a
numerical value.
(SORT: abbrevation for square root)

098

p72

= a

Display:
69 FN 5: 098

+62,000

= SORT +2

034

Parameters
Parameter functions
Programming
example FN 1

Operating mode
Dialogue initiation
FN 1: ADDITION

PAMETER

NUMBER FOR RESULT?

)

Key-in parameter

number.

Enter into memory

FIRST VALUE/PARAMETER?
Key-in value.

If a numerical value is assigned:
g

If a parameter

is assigned:

Enter into memory

Press parameter

‘g

key.

Key-in parameter

number.

Enter into memory.

SECOND VALUE I PARAMETER?
If a numerical

value is assigned:

Key-in value.

K
g

If a parameter

is assigned:

Enter into memory.

Press parameter

bgl

key.

Key-in parameter

number.

g
Enter into memory

P73

Parameters
Parameter functions
Trigonometrical
functions

Sine and cosine functions form a mathematical
relationship between an angle and a side length
of a right-angled triangle. Trigonometrical functions are programmed with
FN 6: sine and
FN 7: cosine

Definition of
trigonometrical
functions

Opposite side a
“” a = Hypothenuse = :

~, fija

Adjacent side b
c’s = = Hypothenuse = :

Trigonometrical
functions within
a right-angled
triangle

= Opposite
b = Adjacent

xp = R x cos a
Yp = R x $1” cl

FN 6:
sine

With function FN 6 sine. a certain parameter is
defined as the sine of an angle (in degrees (“)).
The angle can be a numerical value or a parameter.

010

= sin QS

Display:
113 FN 6: QlO = SIN + QS

FN7:
cosine

With function FN 7 cosine, a certain parameter is
defined as the cosine of an angle (in degrees
(“)). The angle can be a numerical value or a
parameter.

081 Display:
911FN7:091=cos-a55

P74

cos (-a55)

Parameters
Parameter functions
Length of a
distance

Parameter function FN 8: root of sum of square.
is used for determining the length of a distance within a right-angled triangle.
The Pythagoras

FN 8:
Root of sum of
squares

theorem

states:

With function FN 8. root of sum of squares. a
certain parameter is defined as the square root
of the sum of the squares of two numerical
values or parameters.

(LEN = abbreviation

for length)

a3 = J302+a452

Display:
56 FN 8: 03 = +30,000
LEN

+Q45

P75

Parameters
Parameter functions
If-jump

With parameter functions F 9 to F 12. a parameter can be compared with another parameter or
with a numerical value.
Depending on the result of such a comparison, a
jump can be made to a certain program label.
The equations are:
0 First parameter is equal to a value or a
second parameter, e.g. Ql = 03
0

First parameter is different to a value or a
second parameter. e.g. 01 + 03

First parameter is greater than a value or a
second parameter, e.g. Ql > Q3

First parameter is less than a value or a
second parameter, e.g. Ql < 03

equal

unequal

greater than

less than

If one of these equations is satisfied, a jump is
then made to a certain program label.
If the equation is not satisfied, the program is
continued with the block which follows.

132

FN 9:
If equal, jump

When programming the function FN 9, If equal,
jump-, a jump to a program label is only made if
a certain parameter is equal to another parameter or a numerical value.

LBL 30

If: 02 = 360
then jump to LBL 30!

IF
= If or when
EQU = abbreviation for equal
GOT0 = “go to” (proceed to)

Display:
47 FN 9: IF + QZ
EQU + 360,000

GOT0 LBL 30

Parameters
Parameter functions
Entry
Example

Operating

mode

Dialogue

initiation

FN 9

FN 9: IF EQUAL, JUMP

bE3l

FIRST VALUE / PARAMETER

Enter funktion

into memory

Press parameter

key.

Key-in parameter

number.

Enter into memory.

SECOND VALUE I PARAMETER
If the parameter set above is to be
compared with a value.

Key-in numerical value.
Enter into memory.

If the parameter set above is to be
compared with another parameter.

Press parameter

key.

Key-in parameter

number,

Enter into memory

Key-in label number for jump.

LABEL NUMBER?

q
Display data is shown with the appropriate
tion on the following page.

Enter into memory

func-

P77

Parameters
Parameter functions
FN 10:
If unequal, jump

When programming, the function FN 10: If unequal, jump”, a jump to a label number is only
made if a certain parameter is unequal to a
numerical value or another parameter.

(NE = abbreviation

If 03 + 010,
then jump to LBL 2!

for not equal).

Display:
1 38 FN 10: IF + Q3

I
FN 11:
If greater than,
b-w

NE + QlO

When programming the function FN 11: “If greater than, jump”, a jump ‘to a label number is only
made if a certain parameter is greater than a
numerical value or another parameter.

(GT = abbreviation

GOT0 LBL 2

If Q8 > 380,
then jump to LBL 17!

for greater than)

Display:
28 FN 11: IF + 08
GT + 380,000

FN 12:
If less than, jump

When programming the function FN 12: ‘If less
than. jump”, a jump to a label number is only
made if a certain parameter is less than. a rune,
rical value or another parameter.

(LT = abbreviation

GOT0 LBL 17

r
IfQ8 IS possible during program run. After execu0,
tion of the current block, program run is ended.
Changeover during subprograms or program part
repeats takes place when the call-up or number
of repetitions has been completed.

Program run
Re-entry after terniination
Re-entry

A program can be re-started after an interruption
or termination. To prevent workpiece damage,
the following provisions must be made:
0 the tool must move to the position it was at
prior to interruption:
l the program must be re-started with the
block in which interruption took place:
0 if the tool has been changed due to a tool
break, the new tool data (tool definition)
must be entered and the tool is then re-called
in the MDI-mode. The workpiece must then
be touched again by the tool.

TOOLDEFAL...

TO&I. DEFAL...
Q...

R . ..

Error messages

If:
0 the
- program
-.

has been paged after interruptlon

no block has been addressed

with

the program has not been restarted
block which was interrupted.
the following error is displayed:

q ,

at the

= SELECTED BLOCK NOT ADDRESSED

Remedy

= SELECTED BLOCK NOT ADDRESSED

The block which was in~terrupted is to be add,
ressed by
0

pressing

/@? and enteri ng the block number.

PI51

Program run
Re-entry
If. after interruption of program run. a block is
inserted or erased, the cycle definition last displayed is no longer active. With a new start, the
following error is displayed before the cyle call:
= CYCL INCOMPLETE

= CYCL INCOMPLETE

The last cycle definition must be executed before
the cycle call. Addressing of the cycle definition
must

be made with the mkev!

If program is re-started:
0 with an amended incremental block or
0 with a positioning block with only one co
ordination or
0 within a canned cycle.
the following error is displayed
= PROGRAM START UNDEFINED =
Either the program must be amended correspondingly, or a previous block is to be addressed via

= PROGRAM START UNDEFINED =

Program run with background programming

SCWX?ll

display

The control permits execution
>

and simultaneous

further program

of a programm

via

entry or editing of a

in the k&ode.

The program to be executed

must be called-up

and started (operating

modes 1

).-Afterwards.

: the program which is to be compiled

in the 9

mode (or already stored), is defined and called
see “Program call”.

SCPSll

display

Program entry is shown in the upper half of the
screen and program run is displayed in the lower
half. Contrary to the normal display for program
run, only the program number and the current
block is displayed. Position data and status displays (active cycles for co-ordinate transformations, tool. spindle rpm, feed rate and auxiliary
function) are displayed as normal.

PI5

,_.

-..

Single axis machining
Programming via axis address keys
Dialogue
initiation

Entry of single axis positioning blocks can be
simplified:
Entry dialogue is immediately initiated with the

axis address keys~](yl~~~l.

Nominal
position value

The co-ordinate of the appropriate axis is entered
as the nominal position. The numerical value
can be specified either as an absolute value (i.e.
referenced to the workpiece datum) or an incremental value (referenced to the last nominal
position).
In both cases. the tool moves from its momentary actual position to the target position, in a
path which is parallel to ~the selected axis.

Tool radius
compensation

When programming, the tool radius compensation is to be understood as follows:
0 The traversing

distance is decreased

by the

tool radius,

RI -key; display R-.
0
0 The traversing distance is increased by the
tool radius.

RT-key;

display R+.

The tool traversed to the programmed
nominal position: display RO.

If R+/R-

is programmed

for the position of the
is considered.

tool axis, no compensation

When using the IV axis as rotary axis, tool
radius compensation is also neglected.

PI 5!5

Single axis machining
Programming via axis ~address keys

16 L X+15,000 Y+ZO,OOO
RR F
MO3
17

Y+40,000
R- FICOM

18 L X+50,000 Y+57,000
RR F
M

Single axis positioning blocks, which have been
entered via axis keys, may be inserted between
positioning blocks with RO (no compensation)
which have been programmed via contouring
functions.
,

CORRECT

18 L X+15,000 Y+20,000
RO F
M
19 L X+lO,OOOY+10,000
ROF
M
20

x+40,000
R+ F

21 L x+50,000 Y+20,000
RO F
M

PI 56

Single axis machining
Programming via axis address keys
Entry of
single axis
movements

Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

POSITION VALUE?

Incremental-Absolute?

‘gl

Key-in numerical value.

Enter into memory.

TOOL RADIUS COMP. R+/R-/NO

COMP.? ) pi

[%I
g

FEED RATE? F =

If reqd. key-in radius compensation.
Enter into memory.

If reqd., key-in feed rate.

m
g

AUXILIARY FUNCTlON M?

Enter into memory.

If reqd., key-in auxiliary function.

‘Q
H

Display example

Enter into memory.

In block No. 119 the tool is moved by + 46.0 mm
parallel to the X-axis plus the tool radius. The feed
rate is 60 mm/min. and the spindle rotates clock-

PI57

Single axis machining
Playback programming
If the tool has been positioned manually (handwheel or via axis key). the actual position data
can be transferred into the program as a nominal
position. This type of programming is referred to
as playback.
Playback programming is only advisable with
single axis operation. This type of programming
should be avoided on complex contours.

POSITION VALUE?

I’
I9

x+i?ooo

The tool is positioned to the required position
either via the electronic handwheel or the axis
key. In the E!3 -mode. the actual position value is
es a nominal position value by pres-

transferred

‘Tool radius
compensation

The actual position value already contains the
length and radius data for the tool which was
used. Therefore, the compensation values L = 0
and R = 0 must be entered in the too definition.

TOOL DEF L=O
R=O

When programming positioning blocks with playback, the correct tool radius compensation Fif or
R- or RO is to be entered. In the event of a tool
break or tool change, the new tool data can be
considered.

I
P158

Single axis machining
Playback programming
TOOI
compensation

The new compensation
follows:

values are determined

R=R NEW- ROLD
R
Radius comoensation value for TOOL DEF
RNEWRadius of nek tool
RoLo Radius of original tool

R=O

The new compensation values are entered into
the tool definition of the original tool
(R = 0. L = 0).
A compensation value can be positive or negative, depending on the radius of the new tool
being larger (+) or smaller (-).

TOOL DEF
R=O
L

Length
compensation

The compensation value for the new tool length
is determined as per TOOL DEF. In this case. the
“zero tool” is the original tool.

RNEW

R pas.

TOOL DEF
R=+...

R neg.

TOOL DEF
R=-...

Single axis machining
Playback programming
Entry
Example

Operating mode ~
Dialogue initiation

POSITION VALUE?

Traverse tool to required position.

Transfer position data.
Enter into memory
I

TOOL RADIUS COMP. W/R-/NO

COMP.?

p&??

e in radius compensation.
KY_-

if reqd.

Enter into memory.

FEED RATE? =

Key-in feed rate. if reqd.

‘f

Enter into memory.

I
AUXILIARY FUNCTION M?

If reqd.. key-in auxiliary function.
Enter into memory.

PI61

Single axis machining
Positioning with MDI
Positioning

The operating

mode “positioning

with MDl”a

permits entry and execution of single
tioning blocks without transfer of data
control memory. After entry, the block
immediately executed by pressing the
start button.

Tool call

axis posiinto the
must be
external

If a tool definition TOOL DEF already exists in the
control memory. the appropriate tool may be
called-up

via TOOL CAI-L in the @ mode.
0
The new tool data is then effective.
Tool call is executed via the external start button.

v
START

0
Feed rate

The programmed feed rate can be varied via the
internal feed rate override and/or
the external feed rate override of the
machine, depending on how the control has
been adapted to the machine by the machine
tool builder.

l
l

FEED RATE
(OVERRIDE)
KNOB
~ Spindle
speed

The programmed spindle speed can be varied
via the spindle override (only with analogue
output of spindle speed).

SPINDLE
(OVERRIDE)
KNOB
EXTERNAL
FEED RATE

P162

Single axis machining
Positioning ,with MDI
Example of
position entrY

Operating mode ~
Dialogue initiation _

POSlTlON VALUE?

Incremental/Absolute?

Key-in numerical

value.

Enter into memory.

TOOL RADIUS COMP. R+/R-/NO

COMP.? )

Fi R If reqd.. key-in radius compensation.
Enter into memory.

FEED BATE? F =

If reqd.. key-in feed rate.

‘5
El

If reqd.. key-in auxiliary function.

AUXILIARY FUNCTION M?

q
BLOCK COMPLETE

Enter into memory.

Enter into memory

Start positioning

block

P163

Single axis machining
Positioning with MDI
Example of
tool call

Operating mode ~
Dialogue initiation

Key-in tool number.

,TOOL NUMBER?

q
WORKING SPINDLE AXIS WY/Z?

SPINDLE SPEED S RPM =?

Enter into memory

Key-in axis, e.g. Z

Key-in spindle rpm
Enter into memory

BLOCK COMPLETE

starttooicall

P165

Machine parameters

Machine
parameters

In order that the machine can perform the control commands correctly, the control must be
aware of the specific data of the machine e.g.
traverses. accelerations ztc. These data are
determined by the machine tool builder by using
machine parameters.

Programming

Machine parameters are entered during the initial
commissioning
procedure of the control. This
can be done via an external data carrier (e.g.
ME-cassette with stored machine parameters) or
by keying-in the values ~nanually.
After an interruption
of power with either
empty or missing buffer batteries,
the
machine parameters must be reentered. In this
case. they are requested by the control dialogue.

User-Parameter

.
/

Certain machine parameters are accessible when
using the MOD-mode; e.8~. for switching over from
cl
HEIDENHAIN plain langllage to the ISO-programming language.
The machine user-parameters which are accessible via MOD are determined by the machine
0
tool builder. who can gPve detailed information.

Buffer
batteries

The buffer batteries are the power source for the
machine parameter memory and the program
memory It is located beneath the cover on the
control panel.
If the message
= EXCHANGE BUFFER EATERY =
is displayed. the batteries must be exchanged
(the batteries last for approx. 1 week after display
of the above message).

Battery type
Mignon cells, leak proof
IEC-description “LRG”
Recommended:
VARTA Type 4006
Pl66

Machine parameters

Entry via
magnetic tape

Switch on power.

MEMORY TEST
The control checks the internal
control electronics. This display
message is automatically cleared.

EXCHANGE BUFFER BATTERY

Insert new buffer battery

Clear message

OPEiATlON

PARAMETERS ERASED

Clear message

MACHINE PARAMETER PROGRAMMING
MACHINE PARAMETER MP O?
insert magnetic tape containing
parameters

MPO: 0

UK Select operating

mode on ME

Start external data transmission

MACHINE PARAMETER PROGRAMMING
EXTERNAL DATA INPUT
MPO: 0
Machine parameters are
automatically programmed.

PI 67

Machine parameters

When all parameters

are entered:

POWER INTERRUPTED

NC: PROGRAM MEMORY ERASED

RELAY EXT. DC VOLTAGE MISSING

Finally, reference points must be traversed over.
The control is now ooerational.

P168

Clear message

Machine parameters

Manuel

entry
Switch on mains power

I
MEMORY TEST
The control checks the internal
control electronics.
Display is automatically erased.

EXCHANGE BUFFER BAlTERY

Insert new batteries.

Clear message.

OPERATION PARAMETERS ERASED

) m

Clear message

MACHINE PARAMETER PROGRAMMING
MACHINE PARAMETER MP O?
Key-in machine parameter.
MP 0 according to table.

MPO: 0
‘F

Enter into memory.

After parameter entry. the display automatically shifts to the next parameter.

Press @

after every parameter

When all machine parameters

entry

are entered:

POWER INTERRUPTED

NC: PROGRAM MEMORY ERASED

Clear message.

RELAY EXT. DC VOLTAGE MISSING

Switch on control voltage

I
Fin&
the reference points must be traversed over.
The control is then operational.

P169

Machine parameters

PI70

Machine parameters

P171

Program entry in GO-format

lntroducti6n
Snap-on

keyboard

The TNC 151/TNC 155 permits program entry in
either the HEIDENHAIN-conception
with operator
prompting via plain language dialogue or to
standard format as per IS0 6983. Programming
in ISO-format is advantageous when programming from an external computer.
An overlay keyboard with standard key-designations is provided for ISO-programming.
The keyboard is simply placed over the existing keyboard. It is secured via small magnets.
The snap-on keyboard is immediately effective
after switchover from HEIDENHAIN plain language dialogue to standard format.

Program entry in ISO-format is partially dialogue
guided. Entry sequence for single block word
information is optional. The control automatically
arranges these commands into the correct order
at the end of each block entry.
Errors in program entry and program execution
are displayed in plain language.

Block
structure,
Positioning
blocks

Positioning blocks may contain:
0 8 G-functions of different groups (see G0
0

0
0
0

Block structure
Canned cycles

Block with canned cycles may contain
all individual data for the cycle

0
0
l
l
0
0
Error messages

functions) and an additional G90 or G91
before each co-ordinate;
3 co-ordinates (X, Y. Z. IV) and an additional
Circle Centre/Pole-co-ordinates
(I, J, K):
1 Feed rate (max. 5 digits):
1 auxiliary function M
1 spindle rpm S (max. 4 digits);
1 tool number (max. 3 digits).

(cycle parameter P);
1 auxiliary function M:
1 spindle rpm S:
1 tool number (see G-functions)

(tool call);

1 positioning block:
1 feed rate F:
1 cycle call;

Errors within block structure are indicated durina
block entry. e.g.:
= G-CODE GROUP ALREADY ASSIGNED =
or. after end of block entry, e.g.
= BLOCK FORMAT INCORRECT =

Program entry in GO-format
Control switchover
Switchover
from
HEIDENHAINprogramming
to
IS0

Switchover from HEIDENHAIN-programming
language to ISO-format is performed via machine
parameters. These machine parameters can be
altered via the MOD-function
“user parameters”.
“User parameters” are defined by the machine
tool builder who can give you detailed information.

Program ‘entry in ISO-format
Control switchover
Operating

mode

Dialogue

initiation

VACANT

BLOCKS:

optional

Select MOD-function
“User parameters”.

1638

USER PARAMETERS
t
UC

= Dialogue as provided
builder =

Select required user parameter.

by machine tool

Program entry in HEIDENHAIN-format:

Leave supplementary

mode

Leave supplementary

mode.

Program entry in ISO-format:

POWER INTERRUPTED

I
RELAY EXT. D~MISS,.,

Finally, the reference points must be traversed
The control is then operational.

)

Clear message.

Switch on control voltage.

over

When switching over the control. plain language
programs are automatically converted to ISO-format
and vice-versa.

Program entry in GO-format
Operating the control
Entry of
single commands

Single commands consist of an address and
supplementary data.
A single command is entered by first pressing
the address letter and the supplementary data
via the decimal keyboard.
Single command entry is automatically finalised
with the address letter of the following command.
If block entry can be curtailed, simply press 0
PI

SINGLE COMMAND

GO1
L

T
L

SUPPLEMENTARY
(code number)

DATA

SUPPLEMENTARY
(dimension)

DATA

ADDRESS

-10
ll_

ADDRESS

Editing

Program editing can be performed immediately
after a block entry or entry of the complete pro-

used for editing (see “Program editing”).
As opposed to HEIDENHAIN plain language format. the cursor
can be set in ISO-format by
-pressing M

or l_lrl

If the cuwx

is located at a single command

within a block, themm-keys

‘N20 GO2

.X*68
El

may be used

for the search routine. Editing is ended by shiftkey out of the display towards
towards
Supplementary

block

block end or

data which has been inadver-

tently entered can be cleared with the

Erroneously
plete

entered address

commands

letters

are deleted with

DELETE SINGLE
COMMAND

or com-

d”FI
D4

DELETE BLOCK

Y+$Q Ill

Program entry in ISO-format
Program management
Program

The control can store up to 32 programs with a
total of 3100 program blocks.
Entry of a new program or call-up of an existing
program is performed
gram call”).

via the m-key

(see “Pro-

Within the program library, the number of alloca
ted characters is indicated after the program
number e.g. 201444.

Block number

A block number comprises the address N and
the block number.
It can be set manually via the N -key or autoCl
matically by the control.
The increment between the block numbers can
be determined with the MOD-function
(“Block
number increment”.
The control executes the program according to
the block entry sequence. The actual block number has no influence on the sequence of execution.
With program editing, blocks with any block
number may be inserted between two existing
program blocks.

7N20

GO2 X+68 Y+90 *

N30; GO1 X+10 Y-IO *
N40/
N50
!

x-40

Y+5 *
x+50*

BLOCK NUMBERS

Program entry in GO-format
G-functions
Categories

Preparatory G-functions normally deal with tdol
path behaviour. They have the address G and a
two-digit code number.
G-functions are split into the following groups:

G-functions

for positioning

procedures

Target position in Cartesian co-ordinates
GOO-GO7
Target position in polar co-ordinates
GIO-GE

0 G-functions

for cycles

Machining cycles:
Drilling cycles G83-G84
Milling cycles G74-G78
Cycles for co-ordinate transformations
Cycles G28/G54/G72/G73
Cycle, Dwell time GO4
Freely programmable cycles (Program call) G39

G-functions
plane

for selecting the working

G17 Plane XY. Tool axis Z.
Angle reference axis X
G18 Plane ZX, Tool axis Y,
Angle reference axis Z
G19 Plane YZ, Tool axis X.
Angle reference axis Y
G20 Tool axis IV

G-functions for chamfering, rounding of
darners and tangential contour approach
G24 - G27

G-functions

for path compensation

G40 - G44

Remaining G-functions

Program entry in ISO-format
G-functions
Entry of
G-functions

A program block may only comprise
from the different groups, e.g.
NlOl

GO1

G90...G41

Several G-functions
contradictory, e.g.
N105

GO2

G-functions

from one group would be

G03...

During program entry. the control indicates this
kind of error with the message
= G-CODE GROUP ALREADY ASSIGNED =
If a code number which is unknown to the
control, is allocated to the G-address, the control
will indicate
= ILLEGAL G-CODE =

Program entry in ISO-format
Dimensions in inch/mm
Erase/Edit protection
Dimensions
in inch/mm

670

Dimensions

in inch (dialogue-guided)

671

Dimensions

in mm (dialogue-guided)

After dialogue initiation with the •INR -key and
response to the dialogue question:
PROGRAM NUMBER
the following

dialogue question is displayed:

MM = G71 / INCH = G70
Respond to dialogue question by entering G71 or
G70.
Block

structure

(example)

% 2 671
% Program beginning
2
Program number
G71 Dimensions in mm

Erase/Edit
protection

650

Erase/Edit protection

If the dialogue

(dialogue guided)

question PGM PROTECTION? is

selected via the E

keys with the first

block (e.g. % 2 G71) of a completely entered program. protection against erasing and editing can
be provided by entering G50
Block

structure

(example)

% 2 671650

Program beginning
2
Program number
G71 Dimensions in mm
G50 Edit/Erase protection

Edit/Erase protection is cancelled
code number 86357.
Explanation,

see -Erase/Edit

by entering the

protection.-

Program entry in ISO-format
Tool definition/Tool call
TOOI
definition

G99

Tool definition

Block structure

(example)

G99 Tl L+O
G99
T..
L..
R..

Tool call

R+ZO

Tool
Tool
Tool
Tool

definition
number
length compensation
radius compensation

Explanation

see “tool definition”

Tool call

Program structure
Tl
T..
G17
S

617

(example)

SlOOO

Tool call and tool number
Working plane XY. Tool axis Z
Spindle rpm

For explanation

Next tool

(dialogue-guided)

see “tool call”.

With TNC 155 as of software
. 02 and TNC 151.
G51

version

Next tool when using a central tool store

Block structure

(example)

651 Tl
G51 next tool
T..
tool numlxx

Program entry in ISO-format
Dimensions Cartesian
co-ordinates

Cartesian co-ordinates

are programmed

via the

tion. max. 3 co-ordinates may be specified for
the target position and 2 co-ordinaies for circular
interpolation.

Incremental/
Absolute
dimensions

The G-functions G90 - absolute dimensions and
G91 - incremental dimensions are modally
effective. e.g. they are permanently effective until
they are superseded through another G-function
(G91 or G90).

When specifying co-ordinates
in absolute
dimensions
the G-function G90 - absolute
must be entered (or made effective) before the
appropriate co-ordinate.
When specifying co-ordinates
in incremental
dimensions
the G-function G91 - incremental
must be entered (or made effective) prior to the
1
appropriate co-ordinate.
_

G91

G90

Polar
co-ordinates

Polar co-ordinates

qH -

are programmed

key (polar co-ordinates

with the

angle H) and the

R key (polar co-ordinates radius).
oThe pole must be defined before entry of polar
co-ordinates.

0
+
2

Pole

D
X

Programs entry in GO-format
Dimensions
Pole/
Circle centre

The pole/circle centre is always defined by two
Cartesian co-ordinates. The axis designations for
these co-ordinates are
0 I: for the X-axis
0 J: for the Y-axis
0 K: for the Z-axis
The pole/circle centre must be located in the
appropriate working plane:

Co-ordinate

ent:ry is via the keyboard,

q mm
Pole
definition

629

If the last nominal position value is to be transferred as a pole, the entry of the GZO-function is
sufficient.

N30

GO1 G90

X+30

Y+50

N40

629

R+50

H-45

611

-1
33

Dll

Program entry in ISO-format
Linear interpolation
Target position
in Cartesian
co-ordinates

GO0
Block
GO0
GO0
G90
X..
Y..
Z

GO1
Block
Gbl
GO1
G91
X..
Y..
Z..
F..

Single axis
positioning

GO7
Block
GO7
GO7
G90
X..
F

Linear interpolation.
structure
G90

Cartesian in rapid.

(example):
X+80

Y+50

Z+lO

Linear interpolation, Cartesian in rapid
Absolute dimensions
X-co-ordinate of target position
Y-co-ordinate
of target position
Z-co-ordinate of target position

Linear interpolation.
structure
091

Cartesian

(example):

X+80

Y-l-50

2+10

Fl50

Linear interpolation. Cartesian
Incremental dimensions
X-co-ordinate of target position
Y-co-ordinate of target position
Z-co-ordinate of target position
Feed rate

Single axis movement
structure
090

(example):
X-MO

Fl90

Single axis positioning block
Absolute dimensions
Co-ordinate of target position
Feed rate

Program entry in ISO-format
Linear interpolation
Target position
in polar
co-ordinates

GlO

Linear interpolation,

Block structure

polar. in rapid.

(example):

G90 I+20 J+lO GlO R+30 H+45
G90
I..
J
GIO
OR..
H

Gll

Absolute dimensions
X-co-ordinate of pole
Y-co-cordinate
of pole
Linear interpolation, polar. in rapid
Polar co-ordinates radius to target
Polar co-ordinates radius to target

Linear interpolation,

Block structure

polar.

(example):

G91 I+10 J-30 Gll G90 R+30 H+45 !=l50
G91
I..
J..
Gl 1
G90
Fl..
H..
F.

Incremental dimensions
X-co-ordinate of pole
Y-co-ordinate of pole
Linear interpolation, polar
Absolute dimensions
Polar co-ordinates radius to target
Polar co-ordinates angle to target
Feed rate

Program entry in GO-format
Circular interpolation
Target position
in Cartesian
co-ordinates

GO2

Block

Circular interpolation,
wise
structure

block:

(example):
Approach

G90 I+30 Jf30
G90
I..
J
GO2
X..
Y..
F.

to arc starting point

GO2 X-f-69 Y+23 !=I50

Absolute dimensions
X-co-ordinate of circle centie
Y-co-ordinate of circle centre
Circular interpolation. Cartesian. clockwise
X-co-ordinate of target position
Y-co-ordinate
of target position
Feed rate

GO3

Block

Cartesian, clock-

Circular interpolation,
counter-clockwise
structure

block:

Cartesian,

(example):
Approach

to arc starting point

G90 I+30 J+28 GO3 X-l 2 Y+32 Fl50
GSO
I..
J
GO3
X..
Y..
F..

Absolute dimensions
X-co-ordinate of circle centre
Y-co-ordinate
of circle centre
Circular interpolation, Cartesian, clockwise
X-co-ordinate of target position
Y-co-ordinate
of target position
Feed rate

GO5

Block

Circular interpolation,
without
specification
structure

G90
G90
I
J..
GO5
X..
Y..
F..

D14

block:

Cartesian.
of rotation

(example):
Approach

I+22 J+20

to arc starting point

GO6 X+5 Y+30

!=l50

Absolute dimensions
X-co-ordinate of circle centre
Y-co-ordinate
of circle centre
Circular interpolation, Cartesian. without
specification of rotation
X-co-ordinate of target position
Y-co-ordinate
of target position
Feed rate

Y
J

CD
I

X
I
-i

Program entry in ISO-format
Circular interpolation
Target position
in polar
co-ordinates

612
Block

Circular interpolation.
structure

G90
I,.
J
G12
H
F..

I+50

structure

G90

H.,
F..

GSO
I,,
J..
G15
H
F..

H-45

Fl50

centre
centre
clockwise
target

polar

Approach

J+25

G13

to arc startrng point

H-180

Absolute dimensions
X-co-ordinate of pole/circle
Y-co-ordinate of pole/circle
Circular interpolation, polar.
clockwise
Polar co-ordinates angle to
Feed rate

,Fl50

centre
Centre
countertarget

Circular interpolation. polar. without
specification
of rotation (see also
function G05)
structure

G90

612

to arc starting point

(example):

block:

I-30

615

Block

J+40

Circular interpolation,
counter-clockwise

G90
I..
J,,
G13

Approach

Absolute dimensions
X-co-ordinate of pole/circle
Y-co-ordinate
of pole/circle
Circular interpolation. polar,
Polar co-ordinates angle to
Feed rate

G13

Block

(example):

block:

G90

polar. clockwise

block:

Ii50

(example):
Approach

J+40

615

to arc starting point

H+120

Absolute dimensions
X-co-ordinate of pole/circle
Y-co-ordinate of pole/circle
Circular interpolation, polar,
specification of rotation
Polar co-ordinates angle to
Feed rate

Fl50

centre
centre
without
target

Program entry in ISO-format
Helical interpolation
Tangential arcs
Helical
interpolation

Helical interpolation is the combination of circular
interpolation in the working plane and a superimposed linear movement in the tool axis. For further explanation, see “Helical interpolation”.

612. ..Z
Gl3...2

Helical interpolation.

clockwise

Helical interpolation,

counter-

clockwise
Block structure

(example):

090 I+15 J+45 612 GQl H+lOSO 2-5
G90
I,.
J
G12
G91
fl..
Z..

Tangential
arc

GO6

Absolute dimensions
X-co-ordinate of pole/circle
Y-co-ordinate of pole/circle
Circular interpolation. polar,
Incremental dimensions
Polar co-ordinates-angle
=
Height co-ordinate of helix

(example):

GO6 GQO X+60

G90
X..
Y..

I
D16

I-

rotation angle

Circular interpolation, Cartesian, the
arc tangentially adjoins the previous
contour. A circle centre is not required.

Block structure

GO6

centre
centre
clockwise

Y+lO

Circular interpolation. Cartesian. tangential
connection to contour
Absolute dimensions
X-co-ordinate of target position
Y-co-ordinate
of target position

Prograim entry in GO-format
Tool path compensation
Correction
of
the tool path

With tool path compensation,
the tool moves
to either the l&t or the right of the contour in the
feed direction.
The offset corresponds to the tool radius.
A transitional
arc K is automatically inserted on
external comers.
With internal corners, the control automatically
calculates a path intersection
S so that unwanted recesses are prevented.

Tool path
compensation

Tool path compensation is also programmed
G-functions. These G-functions are modally
effective,
i.e. they are active until they are
superseded by another G-function.

via

Tool path compensation can be entered into
every positioning
block
640

641
642

Tool radius
compensation
with single axis
positioning
blocks

The tool traverses exactly on the
programmed contour, (cancellation of
path compensation G41/G42/G43/G44).
The tool path is offset to the left of the
contour.
The tool path is offset to the right of the
contour.

With single axis positioning blocks, the tool path
is either increased or decreased by the tool
radius.
643
644

Tool path is increased
Tool path is decreased

Dl: 7

Program entry in ISO-format
Rounding of corners/Chamfers
Chamfers

624

Chamfers

Program structure
N25 GO1 X...

Y... (Position Pl)

N26 624

(Chamfer)

R...

N27 GO1 X...

G24 Chamfer

Y... (Position P2)

G24 may also be programmed into the block for
the comer which is to be chamfered.
Explanation.

Rounding of

635

see “Chamfer”

Rounding of corners

COr”CXS

Program structure
G25 Rounding of corners
N15

GO1 X...Y...

(PositionPI)

N16

625

N17

GO1 X... Y... (Position P2)

R... (Corner radius)

G25 may also be programmed into the block
for PI.
Explanation see ‘Rounding of comersw.

Program entry in ISO-format
Tangential contour approach and departure
Tangential
approach

626

(run-on)

Contour approach (run-onj on a tangentiai arc to the first contour element
(dialogue-guided).

Program structure
N25

G40

GO1 X... Y... (Position PS)

N26

G41

X... Y... (Position Pl)

N27

626

R...(arc)

The G26-function may also be programmed into
the positioning block for the first contour position
PI.
Explanation, see “Contour approach on an arc-.

Tangential
departure
(run-off)

627

Departure from the contour on an
arc which is tangential to the last contour
element (dialogue-guided).

Program structure
N35

641

GO1 X... Y... (Position P)

N36

G27

R... (arc)

N37

G40

X... Y... (Position PE)

The G27-function may also be programmed into
the positioning block for the last contour position
PI.
Explanation,

see “Contour

departure

on an arc-.

D19

Program entry in ISO-format
Canned cycles
Machining cycles
Categories

Canned cycles are grouped into
0 Machining
cycles (for workpiece machining)
0 Co-ordinate
transformations
(cycles for
variations within the co-ordinate system/
0 Dwell time
0 Freely programmable
cycles
Machining
cycles are defined by G-functions
and must therefore be called-up after cycle definition with either G79-cycle call - or M99 cycle
call or M89 modal cycle call. This also applies to
the freely programmable cycles.
Co-ordinate
transformations
Are immediately effective after the definition via
a G-function and therefore require no call-up.
This also applies to the dwell time cycle.
Programmable
guided):

machining

G83
G84

Peck-drilling
Tamw

674
675
676
677
678

Slot milling
Pocket milling,
Pocket milling,
Circular pocket
Circular pocket

(dialogue-

clockwise
counter-clockwse
milling. clockwise
milling, counter-clockwise

Programmable co-ordinate
(partially dialogue-guided):
G28
G54
G72
G73

cycles

transformations

Mirror image
Datum shift
Scaling
Co-ordinate system rotation

Further cycles (dialogue-guided)
GO4 Dwell time
G39

D20

Freely programmable
call)

cycles (program

Program entry in GO-format
Canned cycles
Machining cycles
Peckdrilling

683

Peck-drilling

Block structure
G83

POl-2

PO4 0
G83
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5

(dialogue-guided)

(example):

PO2-20

PO3-10

PO5 150

Peck-drilling
set-up clearance
Total hole depth
Pecking depth
Dwell time
Feed rate

Explanation of cycle parameters
dure see “Pecking-‘.

Tapping

G84

Tapping

Block structure

and cycle proce-

(dialogue-guided)
(example):

P84 POl-2 PO2-20 PO3 0 PO4 80
G84
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4

Tapping
Set-up clearance
Total hole death ithread depth)
Dwell time
Feed rate

Explanation of cycle parameters
dure, see ‘Tapping7

and cycle proce-

Program entry in ISO-format
Machining cycles
Slot milling
cycle 674

674

Slot milling (dialogue-guided)

Block structure
674

PO12

PO5 x+50
G74
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO6
PO7

(example):

PO2-20

PO3-10

PO6 Y+lo

PO7 150

Slot milling
set-up clearance
Milling depth
Pecking depth
Feed rate for pecking
Length-axis and first side length
Width-axis and second side length
Feed rate

Explanation of cycle parameters
due. see “Slot milling”.

D22

PO4 80

and cycle prow

Program entry in GO-format
Machining cycles
Pocket
milling

675

Pocket milling, clockwise
(dialogue-guided)

676

Pocket milling, counter-ClockWiSe
(dialogue-guided)

Block structure
676

POl-2

PO5 X+90
G76
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO6
PO7

(example G76):
PO2-20

PO3-10 PO4 80

PO6 Y+50

PO7 160

Pocket milling, counter-clockwise
Set-up clearance
Milling depth
Pecking depth
Feed rate for pecking
First axis direction and side length
Second axis direction and side length
Feed rate

Explanation of cycle parameters and cycle proceExulanation
due.
dure. see -Pocket mllllng”.
milling*.

Program entry in ISO-format
Machining cycles
Circular
pocket

677

678

Circular pocket milling, clockwise
(dialogue-guided)
Circular pocket milling, counter(dialogue-guided)

clockwise
Block structure
678

POl-2

PO5 90
G78
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO6

(example G78):

PO2-20

PO3-10

PO4 80

PO8 150

Circular pocket, counter-clockwise
Set-up clearance
Milling depth
Pecking depth
Feed rate for pecking
Circle radius
Feed rate

Explanation of cycle parameters and cycle procedure, see Tircular pocket millingv.

Program entry in ISO-format
Co-ordinate transformations
Mirror

image

628
Block
629

Mirror image
structure

(example):

G28 Mirror image
X
Mirror image axis
Two axes may be mirror imaged simultaneously:
the mirror imaging of the tool axis is not possible.
Explanation of cycle, see *Mirror image”.

Datum

shift

654

Datum shift

Block

structure

654

G90

G54
G90
X..
G91
Y..
Z..

(example):
X+50

G91

Y+15

Z-10

Datum shift
Absolute dimensions
Datum shift, X-axis
Incremental dimensions
Datum shift, Y-axis
Datum shift, Z-axis

Explanation

of cycle, see “Datum shift?

Scaling

672
Block
G72
G72
F..

Scaling (dialogue
structure

guided)

(example):

F 1.7
Scaling cycle
Scaling factor

Explanation

of cycle, see “Scaling-

D2!

Program entry in ISO-format
Co-ordinate transformations
Dwell time, Freely programmable cycle
Co-ordinate
system rotation

673

Block
G90
G90
G73
H
G17

Co-ordinate system rotation
(dialogue-guided)
structure
673

time

GO4
Block
GO4
GO4
F..

639

of cycle. see “Co-ordinate

structure

(example):

Dwell time cycle
Dwell time in sets.
of cycle, see ,,Dwell time”.

Freely programmable
(dialogue guided)
structure

639

PO1 12

PO1

system

Block

G39

617

Dwell time (dialogue-guided)

Explanation

Freely
programmable
cycle
(Program call)

H+120

Absolute dimensions
Co-ordinate system rotation
Rotation angle
Plane selection for angle reference axis

Explanation
rotatIm”.

Dwell

(example):

Freely programmable
(Program call)
Program number

Explanation
cycle”.

cycle

of cycle. see *Freely programmable

Program entry in ISO-format
Touch probe functions
Workpiece
surface
as datum

With TNC 155
as of software
version
TNC 151
G 65

Block
G55

Touch probe function: Workpiece
surface as datum (see uTouch probe
system-)
structure

(example):

PO1 10 PO2 Z-

x+50.000
G55
PO1
PO2
PO3

06 and with

Y+50.000

PO3 G90
z-20.000

Workpiece surface as datum
Parameter number for result
Approach axis and approach direction
Probing point

Program entry in ISO-format
Subprograms and
program part repeats
A label number is programmed with the command G98 L.. This jump command may be programmed within any program block which does
not contain a label call.

Program label:

N35

G98

L15 GOl...

Label number 15

A jump command is programmed
address Land a label number.

Part program

A part program is designated
number) at the beginning.

Label call:

with the

by G98 L..

(label
Program part:

N35

Subprogram

of program

N70

L15.8

part

A subprogram is designated at the beginning by
G98 L.. (label number). It is ended with G98
LO (label number 0).

A subprogram call-up is also made with the
address Land the label number.

r
Subprogram:

N75

688

Ll9

N90

G98

Subprogram

N150

@
D28

L15 GOl...

Program part repeat:

The end of the program part repeat has a call-up
L.. With program part repeats, the number
of repetitions is entered after the label number.
The label number and the repetition number are
separated by a decimal point
0
e.g. 115.8. call-up label 15.
8 repetitions

698

LlS

call:

GOO...

Program entry in ISO-format
Jump into another main program/STOP-block
Jump into
another main
program

Programming

of a jump into another main pro-

gram is performed

with the m-key.

The control displays a jump into e.g. PGM 29 as
follows:
N127 % 29
Further explanations,

For controls
STOP-block

638

Block

with

see “Program

software

call”.

version

08:

corresponds to a STOP-block in
HEIDENHAIN plain language format
structure

example:

638

D29

Program entry in ISO-format
Parameter programming
Setting
parameters

Parameters are markers fo numerical values
which are related to units of measure. They are
designated by the letter 0 and a numeral. Entry
(= setting) is performed

with the

Parameter
definition

The assignment of a certain value or the correlation of a value through mathematical or logical
functions is referred to as the parameter definition. A parameter definition consists of an
address D and a code number (see adjacent
table).
Entry of parameter definitions is dialogue-guided.

Block
structure

A parameter definition requires one program
block.
Individual block elements of a parameter definition comprise the letter P and a number (see
also cycle parameter with canned cycles). The
significance of these elements depends on the
sequence within the block, which also depends
on the entry dialogue. For checking, it is
advisable to shift the cursor fl

within the

block. The dialogue question is then displayed
for each block element.

D30

DO0
DO1
DO2
DO3
DO4
DO5
DO6
DO7
DO8
DO9
DIO
Dl 1
D12

^
6
”
^
1
^
^
c
^
A
A
^

Assign
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
Square root
Sine
Cosine
Root sum of square
If equal, jump
If unequal. jump
If greater than, jump
If less than, jump

Program entry in ISO-format
Parameter programming
Example 1:

Q98

16??

DO5 Q68

PO1 +2

DO5 Square root
098 Parameter to which result is assigned
PO1 Parameter or numerical value within the
square root

Example 2:

Q12

Q2x62

DO3 Q12 PO1 +Q2
DO3
Q12
PO1
PO2

Example 3:

PO2 +62

Multiplication
Parameter to which result is assigned
vahe)
First factor (parameter or numeriCal
Second factor (parameter or numerical
VdW)

IF 06 < Q5. jump to LBL 3
D12 PO1 +Q6
D12
PO1
PO2
PO3

PO2 +05

PO3 3

If less than. jump
First comparison value or parameter
Second comparison value or parameter
Label number (jump address)

D31

Program entry to GO-format
Graphics-Definition of BLANK FORM
Definition
of blank

A workpiece blank (BLANK FORM) is defined by
the points P,,, and P,,,,Ax(see “Blank form”
(Graphics).
In addition to PMIn, the tool axis must be specified via G17/G18/G19. If this has been neglected,
the following error is displayed:
= BLK FORM DEFINITON INCORRECT =

630

Definition

Block structure
630
G30
G17
X..
Y..
Z..

631

617

G31
G91
X
Y
Z..

D32

(example):

X+5

Y+5

Z-10

Definition PNIIN(entry only in absolute)
Plane definition and tool axis
X-co-ordinate of PiVIIN
Y-co-ordinate of PNIIN
Z-co-ordinate of PlvllN

Definition of PMm (entry in either
absolute or incremental)

Block structure
631

of PlvllN (entry only in absolute)

G91

(example):

X+95

Y+95

Definition P,,,,a
Incremental dimensions
X-co-cordinate
of PMAX
Y-co-cordinate
of PMulnx
Z-co-cordinate
of PNlax

Z+lO

Touch probe
Introduction
Touch probe

In conjunction with a HEIDENHAIN touch probe
system, the TNC 155 as of software version
06 and TNC 151 control can detect
deviations of workpiece attitude after the work
has been clamped to the machine table. These
deviations are stored and automatically compensated for during workpiece machining.
This dispenses with alignment procedures during
workpiece set-up. A programmable
probing function permits workpiece measurement either
before or during machining. For example, the sw
faces of cast workpieces with different heights
can be probed in order that the correct depths
can be obtained with subsequent machining.
Positional changes due to the temperature increase of the machine can be compensated at
certain intervals of time.

Touch probe systems are available in two versions:
Touch probe 110 system with cable connection:
Transmission of probe signals and operating
voltage via a connecting cable.
The touch probe system 110 comprises the touch
probe TS 110 and the mating electronics unit
APE 110.
Touch probe 510 system with infra-red transmission and battery-power.
The touch probe system 510 comprises the
touch probe TS 510 and the mating electronics
unit APE 510 (including the transmitter/receiver
unit).
Each version has a standard tool shank enabling
it to be inserted into the tool chuck. The probing
head is interchangeable. Batteries for the TS 510
system with infra-red transmission have a life of
8 h in probing operation and 1 month in standby
--^.^A:--

The touch probe is traversed to a side or the
upper surface of the workpiece. The feed rate for
probing and the max. probing distance has been
set by the machine tool manufacturer via
machine parameters. The probe signals physical
contact with the workpiece to the control. The
control then stores the co-ordinates of the probed points.
Workpiece surfaces. comers and circle centres
can de easily determined with the touch probe
and set as reference surfaces or datum points.

Touch probe
Dialogue initiation/Error messages
r

The touch probe system is operational in the
operating modes

,Dialogue
iinitiation

zxtct;;ic

handwheel

block/automatic program run
Dialogue is opened with the m-key.
of touch

mode the adjacent menu
probe functions
is displayed.

The desired function is selected via then
keys and transferred by pressing

Fi-

-mode the dialogue for the touch
probe function “workpiece surface = datum”
after dialogue initiation with

Cancellation
touch probe
ffunctions

ErrOr
messages

Es!

Touch probe functions can be ended at any time

by pressing
Th e control then returns to the
previous operating mode.

If the touch probe is unable to find a suitable
probing point within the defined travel (via
machine parameters) or if a probing point is
already reached when a touch probe function is
started, the following error is displayed:
= TOUCH POINT INACCESSIBLE =
Touch probe systems with infra-red transmission have to be set such, that the transmitter/
receiver window (i.e. the side with two windows)
is adjusted to the evaluation electronics.
Insufficient adjustment or an interruption of the
transmission range (e.g. splash shield) initiates
the following error message:
= PROBE SYSTEM NOT READY =
If the battery voltage for the infra-red version
drops by a certain value. the following error is
displayed:
= EXCHANGE TOUCH PROBE BATTERY =

CALIBRATION EFFECTIVELENGTH
CALIBRATION EFFECTIVERADIUS
BASIC ROTATION
SURFACE = DATUM
CORNER = DATUM
CIRCLE CENTRE = DATUM

Touch probe
Calibration of effective length
Introduction

The effective length of the probing stylus and the
effective radius of the SWIM tip can be determined with the aid of the control.
The necessary data are automatically calculated
by the control via the probing functions YXalibration of effective length” and “Calibration of effective radius*.
The length and the radius are stored by the control and are automatically taken into account
during probing operations.
Compensation values can be entered at any time
via the control keyboard.

Ring gauge

Auxiliary
equipment

For calibration of the effective radius, a ring
gauge with a known height and internal radius is
required. The ring gauge must be clamped to the
machine table.

Effective
length

The effective length is determined by probing a
reference plane. On touching the surface. the
touch probe is withdrawn to its starting position
in rapid traverse.
Display of the effective length is activated upon
selection of the next calibration.

Touch probe
Calibration of effective length
Operating

mode

Dialogue

initiation

CALIBRATION

EFFECTIVE LENGTH

CALIBRATION

EFFECTIVE LENGTH

)I3

Enter touche probe function

If wd.
DATUM

enter toOI axis.

+ 0.000

EFFECT. PROBE RADIUS = 0.000
EFFECTIVE LENGTH = 0.000

CALIBRATION

EFFECTIVE LENGTH
If reqd. select traversing direction
of touch probe, here Y-.

Y+
TOOL AXIS = Y

EFFECT. PROBE RADIUS

= 0.000

EFFECTIVE LENGTH = 0.000

Touch probe
Calibration of effective length

CALIBRATION EFFECTWE LENGTH

Traverse touch probe in
negative Y-direction.

TOOL AXIS = Y

EFFECT. PROBE RADIUS = 0.000
EFFECTIVE LENGTH = 0.000

After touching the surface, the touch probe is
retracted to its starting position in rapid traverse.

MANUAL OPERATION

The control automatically switches to the display
“Manual operation” or Wectronic handwheel-

Display of the calibrated length is activated ,aftel
selection of the next calibration.

Remarks

Touch probe
Calibration of effective probe radius
Effective
radius

The touch probe tip must be located within the
bore of the ring gauge. Calculation of the effective radius is performed by touching 4 points of
the bore. The traversing directions are specified
by the control, e.g. X+, X-. Y+. Y- (tool axis =
Z).
After every touch sequence the touch probe is
retracted to its starting position. The control displays the co-ordinates of all touch points.
The effective radius is displayed
of the calibration.

Ring gauge

after r-selection

Touch probe
Calibration of effective probe radius
Entry

Operating

mode

Dialogue

initiation

CALlBRATlON

EFFECTIVE RADIUS

Enter touch probe function.

CALlBRATlON

EFFECTIVE RADIUS

Select Vadius

ring gauge”.

EInge;;.0ng;;uge

radius.

Enter into memory
RADIUS

RING GAUGE = 0.000

If reqd. enter another tool 8x1s
(see -effective length”)

EFFECT. PROBE RADIUS = 0.000
EFFECTWE LENGTH = 8.455

CALIBRATION
x-l-

EFFECTIVE RADIUS

Y+

boo@

;

5r;l

Traverse to approximate
centre of ring gauge.
Select traversing direction
touch probe. e.g. Xf.

TOOL AXIS = 2
.iiii,..“p::::
~*z~z~@$“~~
-.--* ..__...‘..

;j”
EFFECT. PROBE RADIUS

= D.DDD

EFFECTIVE LENGTH = 8.455

CALIBRATION
x-

EFFECTWE RADIUS

Y+

Y-

TOOL AXIS = 2

EFFECT. PROSE RADIUS = D.DDD
EFFECTIVE LENGTH = 8.455

Traverse touch probe in
the positive X-8x1s.

Touch probe
Calibration bf effective radius

After touching the ring gauge. the touch probe is
retracted to its starting position in rapid traverse.

,
I

CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE RADIUS
Select next traversing direction
of touch probe, e.g. X-.

I
X (touch point)

Y (touch point)

Z (touch point)

C (touch point)

CALIBRATION EFFECTWE RADIUS
x+

i; Y-k

Traverse touch probe in
negative X-direction.

Y-

X (touch point)

Y (touch point)

Z (touch point)

C (touch point)

After touching the ring gange. the touch probe is
retracted to its starting position in rapid traverse.
The control displays the actual values of the
second touch point beneath the values of the
first point.
Finally. the ring gauge is touched in the positive
and negative Y-direction.

After this procedure:

MANUAL OPERATION
The control automatically switches to the display
“Manual operation” or “Electronic handwheel”.

Display of the calibrated probe radius is activated
after re~selection of the calibration in the approwate line.

Remarks

”

A10

Touch probe
Basic rotation
Description

The touch probe function rbasic rotation* is used
for detecting the angular misalignment of the
workpiece attitude after it has been clamped and
non-aligned to the machine table.

The touch probe traverses to a side face of the
workpiece from two different starting positions.
The traversing directions are pre-determined.
e.g.
X+. X-, Y+, Y- (Tool axis = Z).
After touching the side face the touch probe
returns to the appropriate starting position in
rapid traverse.
The control stores the co-ordinates of the touch
points and calculates the angular deviation. For
compensation of this deviation, the control must
know the “nominal angle” of this side face. The
nominal angle is entered into the line after
-ROTATION ANGLE’.

Touch probe
Basic rotation

Entry

Operating mode
mpp

Dialogue initiation

1
BASIC ROTATION

bE$j

Enter touch probe function.

BASIC ROTATION

Enter angle attitude of side faces to be
probed. e.g. Y-axis: + 90”.
Enter into memory.

BASIC ROTATION

Traverse to first starting position

OF
..

Y+

direction,

e.g. X+

BASIC ROTATION
x-

select traversing

Traverse touch probe in positive
X-direction.

Y-

After touching the side face. the touch probe is
returned to its starting position in rapid traverse

BASIC ROTATION

)

X (touch point)

Y (touch point)

Z (touch point)

C (touch point)

@)g,

k/e;ept;;ou;;robe

to second

Touch probe
Basic rotation

BASIC ROTATION

Traverse touch probe in
wsitive X-direction.

X (touch point)

Y (touch point)

i! (touch point)

C (touch point)

After touching the side face. the touch probe is
returned to the second starting position in rapid
traverse.

MANUAL OPERATION
I
The control automatically switches to the display
“Manual operation” or “Electronic handwheel?

Display of the calibrated rotation angle is activated after reselection of the basic rotation.

Al3

Touch probe
Surface = Datum
On workpieces which have been clamped parallel to the axes. the upper surface or a side face
can be set as a datum by using the touch probe
function “Surface = Datum”
During machining, the control then references all
subsequent nominal position values to this SW
face.

Procedure

Al4

The touch probe is traversed to the surface or
face in question.
After touching the surface. the touch probe is
returned to the starting position in rapid traverse.
The control stores the co-ordinates of the touch
point in the traversing axis and displays the value
in the display line “DATUM”.
Any value may be allocated to the touch point by
using the control keyboard.

Touch probe
Surface = Datum

Entry

Operating mode

Dialogue initiation
SURFACE = DATUM

Enter touch probe function.

SURFACE = DATUM
x+

Y+

Traverse to starting position

Y-

select traversing

e.g. Z-.

Traverse touch probe in the
negative Z-direction.

SURFACE = DATUM
x+

direction,

After touching the surface, the touch probe is
returned to its starting position in rapid traverse.

SURFACE = DATUM
X (touch point)

Y (touch point)

Z (touch point)

C (touch point)
If reqd. enter random datum value.

Enter into memory.

Touch probe
Corner = Datum
Description

With the touch probe function uComer = Datum”,
the control calculates the co-ordinates of the
comer point of a clamped workpiece.
The calculated value can be used as a datum
for subsequent machining. All nominal position
values are then referenced to this point.

PrOCedlKe

The touch probe touches two intersecting faces
of a workpiece from two independent starting
points for each face. The traversing directions
are g,ven:
Xf. X-, Y+. Y- (Tool axis = Z).
After touching the side face, the touch probe is
returned to the starting position in rapid traverse.
The control stores the co-ordinates of the touch
points and calculates two straight lines. The
intersection of these lines is the required comer
point.

The control display indicates the co-ordinates of
the comer point. The calculated lines are indicated beneath by a point of each line and the
appropriate angle PA.
Instead of the calculated comer point. a datum
value may be set via the control keyboard.
If a “Basic rotation* was calculated prior to the
“Corner = Datum”-function.
the straight line data
which was defined for the “Basic rotation” may
be utilized for the ~“Corner = Datum”-function.

A
% r
!?--r;
Point 1

/Point 2

‘.

Touch probe
Corner = Datum
Entry

Operating

mode

Dialogue

initiation

Elm

CORNER = DATUM

~)I@

CORNER = DATUM

Enter touch probe function.

OOT

select traversing

! -El

CORNER = DATUM
x-

Y+

raverse to first starting position
direction,

e.g. X+.

Traverse touch probe in the
positive X-direction.

Y-

After touching the side face, the touch probe is
returned to its starting position in rapid traverse.

CORNER = DATUM

X (touch

point

Y (touch

point

Z (touch

point

C (touch

point

CORNER = DATUM
)

X (touch

point

Y (touch

point

2 (touch

point

C (touch

point

After touching the side face the touch probe is
returned to its starting position in rapid traverse.
The control displays the actual values of the
second toilch point beneath the values of the
first point. In addition, the first straight line is
indicated by a random point on the straight line
and direction angle.

Al8

raverse to next starting position.

Traverse touch probe in positive
X-direction.

Touch probe
Corner = Datum

Finally. the second side face is to be probed
from two different starting positions.

On completion

of this:

CORNER = DATUM
X (corner

Y (cornar

point)

X (first straight

point)

1) Y (first straight

PA (angle

of straight

x (second

straight

PA (angle

of straight

2) Y (second

straight

2)
If reqd., enter random comer pant
co-ordinates for X and Y.

DATUM

Y (corner

point)

Enter into memory

A19

Touch probe
Corner = Datum
Entry
immediately
after a
“Basic rotation”

Operating mode
Dialogue initiation

CORNER = DATUM

Enter touch probe function

CORNER = DATUM
TOUCH POINTS OF BASIC ROTATION?
X (straight 1) Y (straight 1)
PA (angle of straight)
If touch points for the basic
rotation are to be utilized:

Enter data

if touch points for the basic
rotation are not to be utilized:

No enter

Afterwards, probe second side face
as described above.

CORNER = DATUM

A21

,,. ., ,,,,,I,,,

,, .,/,,,,,,,

.I,..,,,,,,>

,.I,,

Touch probe
Circle centre = Datum
The centrepoint co-ordinates of a clamped workpiece with cylindrical surfaces (bore, circular
pocket or external cylinder) can be determined
by the touch probe function “circle centre =
Datum-.
The calculated centrepoint can be used as a
datum for subsequent machining. All position
values can then be referenced to this position.

Procedure

With internal bores, the touch probe nwst have
access into the bore.
The circle centre is determined by touching 4
independent points on the circumference of the
bore or external cylinder. Traversing directions
are predetermined, e.g. X+. X-. Y+. Y- (tool axis
= Z).
After every touch procedure, the touch probe is
retracted to the starting position in rapid traverse.
The control calculates the co-ordinates of all four
points and then derives the co-ordinates of the
centrepoint.
The display indicates the co-ordinates
circle centre and the radius PR.

of the

Instead of the calculated~centrepoint
co-ordinates a random datum may also be set via the
control keyboard.

Touch probe
Circle centre = Datum
Entry

Operating mode
Dialogue initiation

CIRCLE CENTRE = DATUM

CIRCLE CENTRE = DATUM
x+

Enter touch probe function.

,900
X

Y+

Traverse to first starting position.

Select~traversing

CIRCLE CENTRE = DATUM
x-

direction,

e.g. X+.

Traverse touch probe in positive
X-direction.

Y-

After touching the cylindrical surface, the touch
probe is returned to the starting position in rapid
traverse.

CIRCLE CENTRE = DATUM
x-

Y+

Select next traversing

b Ef

direction.

e.g. x-.

Y-

X (touch point 1) Y (touch point 1)
Z (touch point 1) C (touch point 1)

CIRCLE CENTRE = DATUM
Y+

Y-

X (touch point 1) Y (touch point 1)
Z (touch point 1) C (touch point 1)

After touching the cylindrical surface, the touch
probe is returned to its starting position in rapid
traverse.
The control displays the actual values of touch
point 2.

)

Traverse touch probe in negative
X-direction.

Touch probe
Circle centre = Datum

Afterwards. two further points of the cylindrical
surface are traversed to in positive and negative
Y-directions.
When this is completed:

CIRCLE CENTRE = DATUM
X (centrepoint)

Y (centrepoint)

PR (circle radius)

If reqd. key-in random co-ordinates
for X and Y.

DATUM

Y (centrepoint)

B
Enter into memory.

Touch probe
Programmable touch probe function
“Surface = Datum”
Before or during workpiece machining it is possible to probe a workpiece surface in controlled
operation. As an example, the surface of cast
workpieces with varying heights can be touched
in order to ensure that the correct depth is
obtained with subsequent machining. Furthermore, positional changes due to temperature
increases of the machine and workpiece can
also be detected and compensated.

Programming

Programming is initiated via the FE
R=CS
-key. The
control then asks for the parameter number to
which the result of the t&h
probe calibration is
to be allocated. After entry of the probing axis
and probing direction, the nominal position value
for execution of the touch probe cycle is to be
entered. The programmed touch probe cycle
allocates two program blocks.

Procedure

The touch probe traverses in rapid to the nominal
position (touch point) which has been programmed in the touch probe cycle, however only
to the safety clearance before the position. The
safety clearance is determined by the machine
tool builder via a machine parameter.
Afterwards, the workpiece is traversed in the
probing axis and probing direction with the feed
rate for measurement until the surface is
touched. After touching, the touch probe returns
to the starting position in rapid traverse.
To compensate deviations of attitude in the
workpiece surface. the zero-datum must be shifted in the probing axis by the stored Q-value via
a datum shift procedure. The measured value
can, e.g. be utilized as a length compensation
value in a tool definition.

A26

Touch probe
Programmable touch probe function
“Surface = Datum”
Operating

mode

Dialogue

initiation

PARAMETER

PROBING

NUMBER

FOR RESULT?

AXIS/PROBING

DIRECTION?

)

Key-in parameter

Enter into memory.

number.

Key-in probing axis. e.g. Z.

‘@
/Q

Key-in probing direction.
Enter into memory.

POSITION

VALUE?

Key-in co-ordinates
Select axis, e.g. X.

‘gl
Fr
6
5

32 TCH

PROBE

0.0

REF. PLANE
QlOZ-

33 TCH

PROBE

I------

0.1

Y + 20.000

X+

Incremental-Absolute?
Key-in numerical value.
Select next axis, e.g. Y.

Enter into memory

After entry of all co-ordinates:

Display
%Wllple

of touch pant:

10.000

2 + 0.000

The X-. Y-plane is probed in the negative Z-direction. The measured value is stored under the parameter allocation QIO. The nominal touch point has
the co-ordinates X 10.000/Y 20.000/Z 0.000.

External data transmission

lntetface
V.24/RS-232-C

The TNC 151flNC 155 is equipped with a V.24data interface (M-232-C)
for read-in and
read-out of programs in plain language or ISOformat.
This means that programs within the TNC 155.
memory can be transferred via this interface to
an external storage unit, e.g. magnetic tape
unit, or another peripheral
unit, e.g. a printer.
Data can also be transferred from an external
storage unit into the control.
The interface connection
the control.

Baud rate

is located at the rear of

The data transmission
rate (= Baud rate) for
external storage units is automatically set to
2400 Baud.
Data units with other Baud rates can also be
connected (see adjacent table): but for this, the
Baud rate of the control must be reprogrammed.

I
Transfer
blockwise

The TNC 151,TNC 155 can receive machining
programs from an external station via the V.24
data interface. The external station has the supe
rior function of a host computer governing program management, program assignment and the
transmlsslon.

1 Baud = 1 bit/xc

External data transmission
Magnetic tape unit
Magnetic
tape unit

The magnetic tape unit is used for external program storage or transfer of programs which have
been compiled on an off-line programming
statlon.
There are two versions available:
ME 101: Portable unit for use on several
machines
ME 102: Pendant type for permanent
on one machine

Connections

installation

ME 101 and ME 102 each have two XL&data
erfaces with the designations TNC and PRT.
TNC-connection:

for connection of magnetic
tape unit-control.

PRT-connection:

for connection of magnectic
tape unit
to - peripheral
unit

int-

These interfaces permit the connection of a
second unit in addition to the TNC-control.

Transmission
rate

The data transmission rata between the TNCcontrol and the magnetic
tape unit has been
sat to 2400 Baud. The transmission rate between a peripheral
unit and the magnetic tape
unit can be adapted via the selector switch on
the rear of the magnetic tape unit.
Possible Baud rates:
110/150/300/600/1200/2400
Baud

External data transmission
Changing the Baud rate
Entry of
Baud rate

Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

VACANT BLOCKS = .

BAUD BATE = 2400

optional

Page supplementary modes until
BAUD RATE is displayed.

Key-in Baud rate according

to table.

Enter into memory.

External data transmission
Cables and connections
Magnetic
tape
unit ME 101 TNC

ME 101

Transmission
No.22442201

cable

Magnetic
tape
unit ME 102 TNC

Magnetic
tape
unit ME 102 PRT
No.21770701

No. 21400101

External data transmission
Cables and connections
Magnetic
tape
unit/TNC Peripheral
unit
(e.g. printer)

TXD

External data transmission
Operation
Data
transmission
ME --TNC

Program management of the control permits the
transfer of individual
programs from tape to
the TNC and vice-versa.
Max. 32 programs can be stored on one side of
a magnetic tape cassette. If a program which
exceeds this capacity is read-in or read-out, the
following message is displayed:
= EXCHANGE CASSETTE - ME START =
After exchanging

Dialogue
initiation

the cassette and restarting

the

magnetic tape unit via 0STAmthe remaining
gram blocks are transferred.

pro-

Data transmission

in the

programming
fer direction

can only be performed

mode
(tape

3
Dialogue for the Vans0
- l-NC or TNC + tape) is
-key. The display indicates

the adjacent transfer modes for selection.
The cursor can be set to the required mode via
the

Interruption
of data
transmission

4 m-keys.

Mode start is activated

Mode cancellation

is performed

Data transmission

which has been started can be

interrupted

by pressing

with

on the TNC and H

on the ME-unit. After interruption of transmission.
the following error message is displayed:
= ME: PROGRAM INCOMPLETE =
After cancellation of the message via CE the
0
menu of data transmission modes is displayed.

Write~release
A-side
Write-release

External data transmission
External data store -+ TNC
Program
directon/

Operating

mode

Transmission
Dialogue

(keys on ME-unit)

initiation

PROGRAM

Operating Manual TNC 151 A/P, 155 A/P Heidenhain AP Conversational Programming

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