Operating Manual TNC 151 A/P, 155 A/P Heidenhain AP Conversational Programming

HEIDENHAIN

Optics and Electronics

Precision Graduations

Operating Manual

HEIDENHAIN TNC 151 A/TNC 151 P

HEIDENHAIN TNC 155 A/TNC 155 P

Contouring Control

This operating manual is valid for all available TNC lSl/TNC 155.versions:

*without 3D-positioning and “transfer biockwisev

HEIDENHAIN is constantly working on further developments of its TNC-controls. It is therefore

possible that details of certain control versions may deviate from the version explained in this

operating manual.

Manufacturer’s certificate

We hereby certify that the above unit is radioshielded in accordance with the West German official

register decree 104611984.

The West German postal authorities have been notified of the issuance of this unit and have been

granted admission for examination of the series regarding compliance with the regulations.

Information:

If the unit is incorporated by the user into an installation then the complete installation must comply

with the above reauirements.

Snap-on

keyboard

Standard ISO-Keys

q

Block number

q

Preparatory function

q

Feed rate/Dwell time with G04/

Scaling factor

q

Auxiliary (Miscellaneous) function

q

Spindle speed

0 Parameter definition

Q Angle for polar co-ordinates/

Rotational angle with G73-cycle

0 X-Co-ordinate of circle centre

q

Y-Co-ordinate of circle centre

q

Z-Co-ordinate of circle centre

0 Set label number with G98/

Jump to label number/

Tool length with G99

0 Radius for polar co-ordinates

Rounding-off radius with G25. G26.

G27/Chamfer with G24/

Tool radius with G99

0 Tool definition with G99/

Tool call

Keyboard

Program management

q

Designation and recall of programs

q Clear program

H Recall of a program within another program

Entry of workpiece contour

q

Line (Linear interpolation)/Chamfers

a Rounding of cornersflangential contour approach and departure

q

Circle tangentially adjoining the previous contour (End position or

q

Circle centre/pole

q

Circle definition (with circle centre and arc end position)

Programming and editing

External data transmission

Touch probe functions

q

Delete block

Actual position data programming

Enter into memory

H FI 0 0 0 Search and editing routines

q

Programmed STOP; Interruption/Discontinuation

q q

Definition and recall of canned cycles

!#! E# Definition and recall of subprograms

q

-No entry” into memory/Dialogue question “Skip-over”

m

q

Definition and recall of tools

q

@ Tool radiusflool path compensation

Graphics

(TNC 155 only)

m Graphics modes

&! Definition of workpiece blank form and reset to blank form

0 Magnify

q

Graphics start

Entry values and axis address

q

a B @ Axis address

0 Clear entry

q

End block entry

Parameter programming

0 Entry of parameter to substitute a numerical value

q

Definition of parameter functions

Operating modes

Ip Manual operation (The control operates as a conventional

digital readout)

q

Positioning with MDI (Manual Data Input) (Block is keyed-in

without entry into memory and immediately positioned)

•I Program run in single block operation (Block-by-block

positioning)

q

Automatic (complete run of program sequence)

q

Programming (Manual program entry or via the data interface)

Electronic handwheel

q

Program test (for checking stored program without machine

movement)

q

Supplementary operating modes (Vacant blocks - mm/inch -

Character height of position display)

Display switchover: Actual/Nominal value/Distance to go/

Trailing error. Baud rate - Safety zones - User parameters -

Code number NC/PLC-software number

With ISO-programming: Block number increment

Polar co-ordinates/Incremental dimensions

l?l Nominal position entry in polar co-ordinates

m Nominal position entry in incremental dimensions

Operating panel

I lkcvboard I

Screen display data

be edited

I Dialogue line

[Preceding block

I Current block I

I Next block I

I Successive block

I Position diplav

1 Brightness

iiorking

DindIe

OOlj

List of contents

Introduction E

Manual operation M

Co-ordinate system and dimensions K

Programming with HEIDENHAIN plain language dialogue P

Program entry in ISO-format (G-codes) D

Touch probe system A

External data transmission via V.24/RS-232-C-interface V

Technical description and specifications, Index T

Brief description

TNC 151/TNC 155 Control

Control type The HEIDENHAIN TNC 151/TNC 155 is a con-

touring control for 4 axes. Axes X. Y and Z are

linear axes and axis IV can be used optionally for

the connection of a rotary table or a further linear

axis. The fourth axis can be switched on or off as

is required.

This 4-axis control permits:

0 linear interpolation in any 3 axes

l

circular interpolation in two linear axes

With the aid of parameter programming, com-

plex contours can be machined.

Program entry Program entry can be either in

0 HEIDENHAIN plain language dialogue

0 in standard format to IS0 6983 (G-codes).

Dialogues. entry values. the machining program.

fault/error messages and position data are dis-

played on the VDU-screen. The program memory

has a capacity for 32 programs with a total of

3100 blocks.

Entry of the machining program is either by

manual key-in or “electronically” via a data inter-

face.

The “transfer blockwise- mode permits transfer

and execution of machining programs from an

external data store.

During execution of a machining program. a fur-

ther program may be manually entered via the

background programming feature.

Magnetic tape The HEIDENHAIN magnetic tape units ME lOl/

cassette units ME 102 are available for external storage of a

program on magnetic tape cassettes. These units

each have two interfaces for connections of a

peripheral unit (e.g. a printer) in addition to the

TNC 151ITNC 155.

EZ

Brief description

TNC 151/TNC 155 Control

Program test In the operating mode “program test”, the

TNC 151/TNC 155 checks a machining program

without machine movement. Program errors are

clearly displayed in plain language. A further

possibility for program checking is provided by

the graphics feature in which program run is

simulated. Machining in the three main axes can

be simulated with a constant tool axis and a

cylindrical milling hob.

Programs which were compiled on the control

models TNC 145 and TNC 150 are fullv comoat-

ible with the TNC 151,‘TNC 155. Entn/ data is

adapted to the TNC 151/TNC 155 by the control.

An existing TNC 145 program library is also

accepted by the TNC 151flNC 155.

Exchange of

buffer batteries The buffer battery is the power source for the

machine parameter store and the program

memory of the control. It is located beneath the

cover on the control panel.

If the error message

= EXCHANGE BUFFER BAmERY =

is displayed, the batteries must be exchanged.

(Upon display of the message. the memory con-

tent is retained for approx. 1 week)

Battery type

Mignon cells, leak proof

IEC-description “LRG”

Recommended: VARTA Type 4006

Control switch-on

Traversing over reference points

Switch-on Switch on power.

MEMORY TEST

The control checks the internal control elec-

trpnics. The display is erased automatically.

POWER INTERRUPTED Cancel

dialogue message.

RELAY WEAGE MlSSlNG ) @

Switch on control voltage.

/

\

PASS OVER Z-REFERENCE MARK

PASS OVER X-REFERENCE MARK

PASS OVER Y-REFERENCE MARK

PASS OVER REFERENCE MARK AXIS 4

MANUAL OPERATION

E4

Control switch-on

Traversing over reference points

PASS OVER Z-REFERENCE MARK

PASS OVER X-REFERENCE MARK

P&S OVER Y-REFERENCE MARK

PASS OVER REFERENCE MARK AXIS 4

El

Select supplementary mode

VACANT BLOCKS = 1664 Select MOD-function “code number-.

CODE NUMBER =

‘Q

Key-in code number 84158.

Enter into memov.

CAUTION: SOFTWARE LIMITS INACTIVE

CODE NUMBER = 84159

PASS OVER Z-REFERENCE MARK

PASS OVER X-REFERENCE MARK

PASS OVER Y-REFERENCE MARK

PASS OVER REFERENCE MARK AXIS 4

Traverse over reference

point of X-axis.

@ T$rsyer~ference

5 Traverse over reference

point of Z-axis.

Traverse over reference

point of IV-axis.

The reference points can be traversed over in

any desired sequence, either via the axis

direction buttons or via the external start button

v

‘MANUAL OPERATION

E5

Operating modes and screen displays

MWllJal

operation

Electronic

handwheel

Positioning with

MDI

I 1

M

IEil

Operating mode, Error massages

Status displays

Operating mode, Error messages

Subdivision factor

foi electronic hand

Operating mode. Error messages

Programmed block

E6

Operating modes and screen displays

Program run,

single block

(HEIDENHAIN-

dialogue)

Program run,

single block

(ISO-Format)

Programming

El

+

3

Operating mode, Error messages

Current program block

Position display

(large characters)

Display: Program running

Status displays

Operating mode, Error messages

Successive blocks

(small characters)

~Display: Program running

Operating mode, Error messages

Current block

Supplementary operating modes

In addition to the main operating modes, the

TNC 151nNC 155 also provides

supplementary

operating modes

i. a. MOD”-functions.

Supplementary operating modes are addressed

with the@-key. After pressing this key. the

dialogue line displays the MOD-function “Vacant

blocks”.

The MOD-menu can be paged both forward and

reverse via the +

cl

q

-keys. Forward paging

is also possible with the MOD

n-key.

Supplementary modes are cancelled with

the m-key.

* MOD = abbreviation for “mode*

With program run in the @ or > -mode, the

UEI

following supplementary modes can be

addressed:

0 Position display enlarged/small

0 Vacant blocks

During display of

= POWER INTERRUPTED =

the following supplementary modes can be add-

ressed:

l

Code number

0 User parameters

0 NC-software number

0 PLC-software number

The supplementary mode “Vacant blocks” indi-

cates the number of vacant blocks which are still

available

When programming in &O-format (G-codes). the

number of vacant characters is displayed.

MOD I

L

Display example:

VACANT BLOCKS = 1178

EB

Supplementary operating modes

Addressing and cancellation of MOD-functions

Addressing Operating mode - -

Dialogue initiation

Cancellation

VACANT BLOCKS = 1974

Select MOD-function via paging keys

or MOD-key

(only forward paging possible).

LIMIT X+ = X+ 350,000

Leave supplementary mode

E9

mm/inch

changeover

Position data

display

Supplementary operating modes

The MOD-function mm/inch enables the operator

to choose between metric and imperial display.

changeover from mm - to - inch

The mm or inch mode can be easily recognised

by observing the number of decimal places:

X 15.789 mm-display

X 0.6216 inch-display

The MOD-function exposition data display”

enables selection of varjous position data:

0 Display of the actual position: ACTL

0 Display of the distance to reference

points: REF

l

Display of displacement between the momen-

tary nominal position and the actual position

(trailing error or lag): LAG

0 Display of the momentary nominal position as

calculated by the control: NOML

0 Display of the *distance to go” to the nominal

position (difference between programmed

nominal position and momentary actual posi-

tion): DIST

Y

t

El0

Supplementary operating modes

Position

data display

Select MOD-function. Nml

CiWUGE MM/INCH

The control displays position data in mm

and is to be chanaed to inch-mode. Switchover.

The changeover from inch-mode to mm-mode is

performed in the sa~me manner.

mm/inch

changeover

Select MOD-function.

I I

c

f

PROGRAM RUN/SINGLE BLOCK

POSITION DATA

---------

NOML X Y

f PROGRAM RUN/SINGLE BLOCK

POSITION DATA

___------

ACTL X Y

The display is to be switched over to *actual

position”:

\

TI

P’

?e display is to be switched wer to “nominal

xition” again:

until NOML is

Switchover to the modes REF.~ LAG and DIST is

performed in the same manner.

El1

Supplementary operating modes

Position display

The character height on the screen display can

enlarged/small

be converted in the operating modes:

q

pro-

gram run single block and 3 automatic pro-

gram run. 0

With display in small characters. four program

blocks are also shown (previous. current. next

and a successive block). With large characters.

only the current block is displayed.

Block number

increment

When programming in ISO-format (G-codes). the

increment from block number-to-block number

can be determined via the MOD-function *Block

number wxrement”.

If the block number increment is e.g. IO. the

blocks are numbered as follows:

NlO

N20

N30

etc.

Entry range: 0 - 99

Baud rate

The MOD-function “Baud rate* indicates the data

transmission rate for the data-interlace (see page

“Baud rate entry’).

El2

Position display

enlarged/small

Block number

increment

Supplementary operating modes

PROGRAM RUN/SINGLE BLOCK

POS. DATA DISPLAY LARGE/

SMALL

17L x.. Y..

18L X... Y...

19cc x... Y...

2oc x.. Y...

_--------

ACTL X Y

Select MOD-function *Position data display

large/small”: )wpj

I

Switchover of position display to large: w

PROGRAM RUN/SINGLE BLOCK

18L X...Y

ACTL X..

Y...

if...

C..

Switchover from large to small is performed in

the same manner.

Select MOD-function “Block number

Increment”

BLOCK NR INCREMENT =

‘3

Key-in increment SW

Enter into memory

El3

Limit

Supplementary operating modes

With the MOD-function “Limit”, traversing ranges

can be provided with safety zones e.g. for pre-

venton of workpiece collisions.

Maximum traversing ranges can be defined by

software limits. The traversing limits of each axis

are set one after the other in the + and - direc-

tions. in relatio~n to the reference point. When

determining the limit positions, the position dis-

play must be switched to REF.

El4

Supplementary operating modes

Setting

safety zones Operating mode

Select MOD-function wLimit”:

LIMIT X+ = + 30000,000

Traverse to limit position via axis jog but-

tons or electronic handwheel.

Program displayed position, e.g. -Ib.OOO: ) 0 Key-in X-value.

5 Enter into memon/

I

LIMIT X+ = - 10,000

Select next MOD-function “Limit”:

LIMIT X- = - 30000,000

Traverse to limit position via axis jog but-

tons or electronic handwheel.

Program displayed position. e.g. - 70.000: ) 0 Key-in X-value.

Enter into memory.

LIMIT X- = - 70,000

The setting of limits in the rernainin$ traversing

ranges is performed in the same manner.

El!3

Supplementary operating modes

- NC-Software

This MOD-function is used for display of the

number software number for the TNC-Control model. Display example:

/ NC: SOFIWARE NUMBER 227 020 08

1

PLC-Sofhware

number This MOD-function is used for display of the

software number of the integral PLC. Display example:

PC: SOFIWAFIE NUMBER 228 601 01

User parameters With this MOD-function. up to 16 machine para-

meters can be made available to the machire

operator. User parameters are allocated by the

machine tool builder. Details should be obtained

from the machine tool builder.

Code number This MOD-function can be used for

.a special routine for “reference mark approach*

via code numbers or

.the cancellation of edit/erase protection for pm

grams (refer to appropriate section)

El6

Supplementary operating modes

User parameters

Select MOD-function “User parameters” bE3rn

I

USER PARAMETERS

Enter MOD-function into memory’

ran

--

Select required user parameter

I

I I

“r

If necessary. change parameter

El

Enter into memory

Leaving the user

parameter mode

MOD-function, *User parameters” is to be

cancelled: )

q

Lwxe MOD-function I

‘If the machine tool builder has not allo-

cated a dialogue text. the display will show

USER PAR. 1

El7

Remarks

Axis jog

Continuous

operation

Feed rate

Spindle speed

Manual operation

Operating mode “Electronic handwheel”

In the manual operating mode ?I the

0

machine axes can be traversed via the axis jog

buttons @ @ @ @ of the machine.

The machine axis is traversed as long as the

external axis jog button is being pressed. The

axis immediately stops when the button is

released. A number of axes can be traversed

simultaneously in jog operation.

If the external

start button

is pressed simulta-

neously with

an axis jog button,

the selected

axis traverses although the button has been

released. The axis is

brought to a stop

by pres-

sing the

external stop button.

The feed rate (traversing speed) can be set

0 with the

internal feed rate override

of the

control or

0 with the

external feed rate override

of the

machine (depending on the entered machine

parameters). The feed rate value which has

been set is displayed on the screen.

The spindle speed can be defined via the

q -

key (see -TOOL CALL”).

With analogue output, the programmed spindle

speed can be altered via the spindle override

during program run.

Auxiliary function

Auxiliary (miscellaneous) functions can be pro-

grammed via the -key (see *Program stop”)

INTERNAL

FEED RATE

(OVERRIDE) KNOB &%+V

AX

EXTERNAL

FEED RATE

(OVERRIDE) KNOB

TOOL

CALL

Interpolation

factor

Manual operation

Operating mode “Electronic handwheel”

The control can be equipped with an electronic

handwheel for assisting set-up operations.

There are three versions available:

l HR 150:

1 Handwheel for incorporation into

the machine operating panel:

0

HR

250: 1 Handwheel in a portable unit;

0

HE 310:

2 Handwheels in B portable unit

with additional axis address keys

and emergency stop button.

Reduction of the traversing distance for each

handwheel revolution is determined by the inter-

polation factor (see adjacent table).

Operation

With

versions HR

150 and

HR 250

the hand-

wheel is allocated to the axis via the

[q m-keys. nlvl

x

The

version HE 310

with dual handwheels also

has additional axis buttons Di In/ m

q . Th’

IS enables one handwheel to be

switched to the X or IV-axis and the other

handwheel to Y or Z.

The moving axis which is being activated by the

handwheel is shown in the display in inverted

characters.

M2

HR 150 HR 250

HE 310

Manual operation

Operating mode “Electronic handwheel”

Operation

HR 1501

HR 250

Operating mode and dialogue initiation ~

INTERPOLATION FACTOR: 3 O ‘g

Key-in required subdivision8 factor.

e.g. 4.

Enter into memory

INTERPOLATION FACTOR: 4

Enter required traversing axis,

The tool can now be moved in the positive or

negative Y-direction with the electronic hand-

wheel.

Operation

HE 310 Operating mode and dialogue initiation ~

INTERPOLATION FACTOR: 4

Enter required interpolation factor,

e.g. 6.

El Enter into memory

INTERPOLATION FACTOR: 6 6 ml

Enter first traversing axis at the

handwheel unit, e.g. 2.

Enter second traversing axis at the

handwheel unit. a. g. X.

The tool can. be moved in the positive or nega-

tive Z-direction with the first handwheel and in

the positive or negative X-direction with the

second handwheel.

M3 !

Co-ordinate system and dimensioning

An NC-machine is only able to machine a work-

piece if all machining operations have been corn-

pletely defined by the NC-program. For complete

machining operation, the nominal positions of the

tool in relationship to the workpiece - must be

defined within the NC-program. A reference sys-

tem i.e. co-ordinate system. is necessary for

defining the nominal position of the tool.

Depending on the job. the TNC permits the use

of either right-angled co-ordinates or polar co-

ordinates.

Right-angled

or

Cartesian*)

co-ordinate

system

A right-angled co-ordinate system is formed

either by two axes in a plane and 3-axes in

space. These axes intersect at one point and are

also perpendicular to each other. The intersecting

point is referred to as the origin or zero-point of

the co-ordinate system. Each axis is designated

with a letter X. Y or Z.

The axes are each allocated with an imaginative

scale, the zero-point of which, coincides with the

origin of the co-ordinate system. The arrows

indicate the positive counting directions of the

scales.

* Named after the french mathematician F&n&

Descartes, lat. Renatus Cartesius (1596-1650)

Example With the aid of the Cartesian co-ordinates sys-

tern, random points of a workpiece can be locat-

ed by stating the appropriate X. Y and Z-co-ordi-

nates:

PI x = 20 abbreviated:

Y= 0 PI (20: 0: 0)

P2 (20; 35; 0)

P3 (40; 35; -10)

P4 (40; 0; -20)

P&W

co-ordinates

Entry range

Angle reference

axis

Co-ordinate system and dimensioning

The Cartesian co-ordinate system is particularly

convenient if the working drawing is dimen-

sioned as per the adjacent example.

Definition of positions on workpieces incorporat-

ing circular elements or angle dimensions is easi-

er with polar co-ordinates.

The polar co-ordinate system is used for defining

points in one plane. System reference is via the

pole (= zero-point of co-ordinate system) and

the direction (= reference axis for the specific

angle).

Points are described as follows:

by specifying the polar co-ordinate radius PR

(= distance between the pole and point PI) and

the angle PA between the reference direction

(+X-axis. in the adjacent drg.) and the connect-

ing line: pole - point Pl.

The polar co-ordinates angle PA is entered in

degrees (O).

Entry range: absolute -360° to +360°

incremental -5400° to +5400°

PA positive: Angle clockwise

PA negative: Angle counter-clockwise

The angle reference axis (0°-axis) is

the +X-axis in the XY-plane.

the +Y-axis in the YZ-plane,

the +Z-axis in the M-plane.

The sign for the angle PA can be determined in

accordance with the adjacent drawing.

K2

Co-ordinate system and dimensioning

Example

The polar co-ordinate system is particularly use-

ful for defining a workpiece if the working draw-

ing contains a number of angle dimensions as

shown in the adjacent example.

Relative tool

movement

When machining a workpiece, it is irrespective

whether the

tool

moves or the

workpiece

moves with the tool remaining~ stationary.

Only the relative movement is considered when

compiling a program.

This means a. g.:

if the milling machine table carrying the work-

piece traverses to the left, the relative movement

of the tool is towards the right.

If table motion is upwards, the relative tool

motion is downwards.

Actual tool motion only takes place if the spindle

head is moving, i. a. machine movement always

corresponds to the relative tool motion.

Correlation of

In order that workpiece co-ordinates within the

machine slide

machining program can be correctly interpreted

movements and

by the control, two factors must be clarified:

co-ordinate

system

0 which slide will traverse parallel to the co-

ordinate axis (correlation of machine axis to

co-ordinate axis)

0 which relationship exists between machine

slide positions and co-ordinate data of the

program.

The three

main axes

The correlation of the three main co-ordinate

axes to the appropriate machine slides is defined

by the standard IS0 841 for various machine

tools. Traversing directions can be easily remem-

bered by applying the “right-hand rule”.

Programmed

relative tool movement

to the right

Table movement

to the left

Co-ordinate system and dimensioning

The fourth axis

The machine tool builder will determine whether

the fourth axis when switched on - is to be

used as a

rotary table or linear axis (e.g. a

controlled quill) and how it is to be designated

on the VDU-screen.

An additional linear axis with a movement paral-

lel to the X, Y or Z-axis is designated with U. V

or w.

When programming rotary table movements. the

rotation angle is entered for A. B or C-values in

degrees (“).

This axis is referred to as an A, B or C-axis, each

rotating about the X. Y or Z-axis.

K4

Co-ordinate- system and dimensioning

Correlation

of

co-ordinate

system

The allocation of the co-ordinate system to the

machine is defined as follows:

The machine slide is traversed over a defined

position - the reference position (also referred to

as the reference point). When crossing this point,

the control receives an electrical signal from the

transducer (reference signal).

On receiving the reference signal, the control

allocates a certain co-ordinate value to the refer

ence point.

This procedure is repeated for all machine slides.

The co-ordinate system is now correlated to the

machine.

The reference points must be traversed over after

every interruption of power supply. otherwise the

correlation between the co-ordinate system and

the machine slides is lost.

Before this procedure, all other functions are inhi-

bited.

On crossing the reference points, the control

then knows where the previous zero datum (refer

to following section) and the software limits were

located.

reference position

Reference signal

to control

Reference point e.g. 425.385 mm

Machine slide traversed to reference

point

K!

5

Co-ordinate system and dimensioning

Setting the workpiece datum

Setting the

workpiece

datum

To save unnecessary calculation work. the work-

piece datum is located at

the point

from which

all dimensiqning is commenced. For safety rea-

sons, the workpiece datum is always located at

the uppermost level of the workpiece in the feed

axis.

Setting the

workpiece

datum in the

working plane

with en optical

edge finder

Traverse to the required location for the work-

piece datum and reset both axes of the working

plane to zero.

Symbol for workpiece datum

With a

centring

device

Traverse to a known position e.g. to a hole

centre with the aid of the centring device. The

co-ordinates of the hole centre are then entered

into the control (e.g. X = 40, Y = 40). The loca-

tion of the workpiece datum is then defined.

K6

Co-ordinate system and dimensioning

Setting the workpiece datum

Wdh

touch probe

or

tool

Traverse machine until the tool makes contact

with the reference edges of the workpiece. When

the tool touches the workpiece edge. preset the

position display to the value of the tool radius

with negative sign (e.g. X = - 5, Y = - 5).

Setting the

workpiece

datum

in the feed

axis by

touching the

workpiece

sulfaface

Wfih

preset tools

Traverse zero-tool to workpiece surface. When

the tdol tip touches the surface, reset position

display of the feed axis to zero.

If touching of the workpiece surface is undesired.

a small metal plate with a known thicknes (e.g.

0.1 mm) may be placed between the tool tip,and

the workpiece. Instead of zero. the thickness of

the plate is entered (e.g. Z = 0.1).

With preset tools. i.e. when the tool length is

already known, the workpiece surface is touched

with a random tool. In order to allocate the work-

piece surface to the value zero. the known length

L of the tool is entered as an actual position

value - with positive sign - for the feed axis.

If the workpiece surface is to have a preset value

differing from zero. the following value is to be

entered:

(Actual value 2) = (Tool length L) + (surface

position)

Example:

Tool length L = 100 mm

Position of workpiece surface = + 50 mm

Actual value Z = 100 mm + 50 mm = 150 mm

-

Co-ordinate system and dimensioning

Setting the workpiece datum

When settina the zero datum of the worki%ce.

definite numerical values (“REF-valuesv) are allo-

cated to the reference points.

The control automatically memorizes these

values. After an interruption of power supply,

simple reproduction of the workpiece datum is

now possible by traversing over the reference

ooints.

t

Reference point e.g. 40.025

I

I ,

0-I *

10 20

3o 4o 40.025

I

Linear t&sducar

Machine slide traversed to reference point

KS

Co-ordinate system and dimensioning

Setting the workpiece datum

Operating mode Es

Dialogue initiation El

DATUM SET X =

Key-in value for X-axis.

Enter into memory.

Dialogue initiation

q

DATUM SETY =

‘G

Key-in value for Y-axis

~@

Enter into memory

Dialogue initiation El

I

DATUM SET Z =

Key-in value for Z-axis.

Enter into memory.

Dialogue initiation ~

DATUM SET C =

Key-in value for 4 axis.

Enter intd memory

Depending on the machine parameters which

have been entered. the 4 axis is designated and

displayed with A, B, C or U. V. W.

K9

Co-ordinate system and dimensioning

Absolute/Incremental dimensions

Dimensioning Dimensions in working drawings are either abso-

lute or incremental dimensions.

Absolute

dimensions Absolute dimensions of a machining program

are referenced to a fixed absolute point e.g.

the zero datum of a co-ordinate system or a

workpiece datum.

Incremental

dimensions Incremental dimensions of a machining program

are referenced to the previous wminal position

of the tool.

KlO

Programming

Introduction

As with manual-operated machine tools. a work-

ing plan is also required for NC-machine tools.

The sequence of operations is the same.

On manually-operated machines, each working

step must be executed by the operator: however,

on an NC-machine, the electronic control per-

forms the calculation for the tool path, the co-

ordination of the feed movements of the machine

slides and the supervision of the spindle speed.

For this. the control receives the information from

a program which has been entered.

Program

The program can be simply regarded as a work-

ing plan which is written in a certain language.

Programming Programming

is the compilation and entry of

such a working plan in a language which is corn

prehensible to the control.

Pmgramming

language

In a machining program

every NC-pmgmm-

ming block

correspond to a working step. A

block consists of

single commands.

Ex&plas

Programmed

working step Meaning 1

TOOL cALL , Call-up of compensation

values for tool number 1

Pl

Programming

Pro&-am

A program which is used for the manufacture of

a workpiece can be subdivided into the following

sections:

0 Approach to tool change position

l Insert t001.

0 Approach to workpiece contour,

0 Machine workpiece contour.

0 Depart from workpiece contour

0 Return to tool change position.

Each program section comprises individual pro-

gram blocks.

Block number

The control automatically allocates a block num-

ber to each block. The

block number

desig-

nates the program block within a machining pro-

gram.

When erasing a block, the block number remains

and the subsequent block then shifts to the allo-

cation of the erased block.

Program

7

L z - 20,000

8

L x - 12,000

9 L

x + 20.000

10

RND R + 5.000

11

L

x + 50.000

12 cc x -

10.000

13 c x + 70,000

DR +

14

cc x+150.000

15 c x + 90.000

DR +

18 L x + 120,000

RO F9999 MO3

Y + 60.000

RO F9999 M

Y + 60.000

RR F40 M

Y + 20.000

RR F40 M

Y + 80.000

Y + 51.715

RR F40 M

Y + 80.000

Y + 20,000

RR F40 M

Y + 20,000

RR F40 M

Dialogue

prompting

Programming is guided by a prompting routine.

i.e. during program entry. the control asks for the

necessary data in plain language.

With every block, a sequence of dialogues is

opened by pressing the dialogue initiation key

I

e.g. DEF (the control subsequently asks for the

q

tool number and then the tool length etc.). First dialoaue

The operator is made aware of entry errors via

the plain language display. incorrect data can be

amended immediately during program entry. - I- I

11 Second dialogue /. 11 1 Respond to 1 1

P2

Responding

to dialogue

questions

Omission of

dialogue

questions

Curtailed

blocks

Programming

Responding to dialogue questions

Every dialogue question must be responded to.

The response is displayed in the inverted charac-

ter line on the screen.

After complete response of the dialogue quas-

tion. the entered data is transferred into the

memory by pressing

q

.

“ENT”: Abbreviation for the word “enter”.

Certain entry data remains identical from block-

to-block, e.g. the feed rate or spindle speed.

Such dialogue questions do not have to be

answered and can be “skipped over” by

pressing

q

.

The data which is already displayed in the in-

verted character line iserased and the next dia-

logue question appears.

When executing the program. the data previously

entered under the appropriate address is valid.

possible to curtail

the programming of positioning blocks, tool calls

or the cycles “datum shift” and “mirror imagev.

Them -key can be pressed for transferring the

data into the memory (as par

access to the subseauent dialoaue auestion ias

When executing the program. the data previously

entered under the appropriate address is valid.

r

NO

ENT

END

cl

P3

Programming

Entry of numerical values

IEntry of

Numerical values are entered on the decimal

numerical values keyboard - with decimal point and arithmetical

sign. Leading zeros before the decimal point may

be neglected. (The decimal point is displayed as

a decimal comma)

Entry of the arithmetical sign is possible prior,

during or after entry of the numerical value.

Incorrect entries can be erased by pressing

the CE -key (clear entry) - before transferring

0

into the memory - and reentered correctly.

P4

Remarks

P5

Erase/Edit The control has the capability of storing up to 32

protection programs with a total of 3100 program blocks.

Protection

against erasing

and editing

Program management

In order to differentiate between programs. each

program is designated with a program number.

A machining program can consist of max. 999

blocks.

Programs may be protected against direct inter

vention (e.g. program editing or erasing).

Program list The dialogue for entry or call-up of a program

number is initiated by pressing

q

The display shows the program directory listing

all the programs which are contained in the pro-

gram memory. The program extent is indicated

behind the program number (total number of

program blocks).

Call-up of an Programs already entered are called-up via the

existing program program number. This can be performed in two

‘W3yS:

0 Programs which are stored in the control

memory are displayed on the screen with the

appropriate program number. The number

last entered or called-up is shown in inverted

characters.

The inverted character cursor can be shifted

within the table of numbers by using the

editing keys Fi pl Fi Ei~

The program within the inverted character

cursor is called-up by pressing

q

0 A program may be called-up by keying-in the

program number and pressing ENT

D.

P6

I

’

I

I I

!

Program management

Entry of a

new program

number

Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

PROGRAM SELECTION

1

PROGRAM NUMBER

MM = ENTIINCH = NO ENT Ma

for

dimensions in mm

for

dimensions in inches

Display example

The program is numbered 12345678:

Selecting an

existing pro-

gram number

Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

PROGRAM SELECTION

PROGRAM NUMBER =

Either select program number using

the reverse video cursor:

Or key-in the program number:

‘Q

Key-in number.

la Enter into memory.

Display example

0 BEGIN PGM 8324 MM

1 L...

The beginning of the selected program

appears on the screen.

Program management

Programs with edit protection

IEraselEdit

lprotection

After program compilation, an entry can be

made for erase/edit protection. Programs having

protection against erasing and editing are

marked with the letter P at the beginning and

end of the program.

A protected program can only be erased if the

erase/edit protection has been cancelled. This

can be done by addressing the program and

entering the code number 86357.

IP8

Entry of erase/

edit protection

Display example

Cancellation of

erase/edit

Program management

Programs with edit protection

Operating mode El

Select block number 0 of program

to be protected.

0 BEGIN PGM 22 MM

El

Press until dialogue question

PGM-Protection is displayed.

PGM-PROTECTION?

0 BEGIN PGM 22MMm

Protection is programmed

0 BEGIN PGM 22 MM P

1 L...

2 L...

Select program which is to have

protection cancelled.

0 BEGIN PGM 22 MM P El

Select supplementary mode.

VkANT BLOCKS 2951

Select MOD-function “Code number”

CODE NUMBER =

‘7

Key-in code number 86357.

Erase/edit protection is cancelled.

PS

Programming of tool compensation

Tool definition

TOOL DEF In order that the control can calculate a tool path

which conforms to an entered workpiece con-

tour. the tool length and radius must be

entered. These data are programmed within the

TOOL DEFINITION.

Tool number Compensation (or offset) values are related to a

certain tool which has a certain tool number.

Entry values for the tool number depend on the

type of machine tool:

with automatic tool changer: 1 - 99,

without automatic tool changer: 1 - 254.

Tool length The offset value for the tool length can be

determined on the machine or on a tool preset-

ter.

If the length offset is to be determined at the

machine, the workpiece zero datum @is to be

defined. The tool with which the workpiece zero

datum was set has the offset value 0 and is

referred to as the “zero-tool”.

Length offset values of the remaining tools cor-

respond to the length difference from the zero-

tool.

Arithmetical sign If a tool is shatter than the zero-tool. the differ-

ence is programmed as a negative offset value.

If a tool is longer than the zero-tool. the differ-

ence is programmed as a positive offset value.

If a tool presetter is being used. all tool lengths

are already known. The offset values are entered

from a list with the cbrrect arithmetical sign.

X

C

Programming the workpiece contour

Tool radius

A tool radius offset is always entered as a posi-

tive value (exception: radius compensation with

playback programming).

For drilling and boring tools. the value 0 can be

entered.

Possible entry range: + 30000.000 mm

Central

tool store

Toolchanger

with random

select facility

~ Ho&wise

transfer

Programming of tool compensation

As of software version 03. TNC 151 and TNC 155

can activate a central tool store via machine

parameters.

The central tool store is addressed via the pro-

gram number 0 and can be amended, output

and input in the 3 “programming”-mode. Up

El

to 99 tools can be stored. Each tool is entered

with a tool number. length. radius and store loca-

tion.

When using a toolchanger with random select.

i.e. variable tool location coding. the control is

responsible for the tool management. Random

tool selection operates as follows: Whilst a cer-

tain tool is being used for machining, the control

is already searching for the next tool to be used.

When a tool change takes place. the tool last

used is exchanged for the new tool. The control

automatically registers the tool number and in

which store location is was last placed. The tool

which is to be searched for is programmed with

the DEF -key. (Caution! This is a new function for

pq

-

the m-key)

Y

Tools which, due to their size, allocate three loca-

tions, can be defined as special purpose tools. A

special purpose tool is always located to a fixed

location. This is programmed by seaing the cur-

sor in response to the dialogue question

SPECIAL TOOL?

and replying with

q

In the ..blockwise transfer”-mode, compensation

values can be called-up from the central tool

store.

Programming of tool compensation

Tool definition

Operating mode

q

Dialogue initiation pEj

TOOL NUMBER?

Key-in tool number.

Enter into memory.

1

TOOL LENGTH L?

Key-in difference value

from zero tool or enter by pressing

actual position data key.

Enter into memory

,

TOOL RADIUS R?

Key-in tool radius.

@

Enter into memory

PI3

Programming of tool compensation

Tool call

ICalling-up

is

tool

‘rooL

CALL

With TOOL CALL, a new tool and the corres~

ponding compensation values for length and

radius are called-up.

In addition to the

tool number,

the control must

also know in which axis the spindle will operate,

in order to apply both-the length compensation

in the correct axis-and the radius compensation

in the correct plane.

After specification of the working spindle axis,

the

spindle speed

must be entered.

If a spindle speed lies outside of the permissible

range for the machine, the followina error mes-

sage is displayed during program &I:

= WRONG RPM =

Tool change

Program

Tool change takes place in a definite

tool

change position.

The control therefore positions

the tool to a position with

non-compensated

nominal values

for execution of tool change.

For this, the compensation data for the tool cur-

rently in operation must be cancelled.

This is done via a

TOOL CALL 0:

The tool is positioned to the required non-com-

pensated nominal position which is programmed

in the following block.

Traverses to the tool change position can be

executed via M91. M92 (Auxiliary functions M) or

via a PLC-positioning command. (Information can

be obtained from the machine tool supplier).

When performing a manual tool change, the pro-

gram must be stopped. A STOP-command is

therefore required before the TOOL CALL-com-

mand. The program remains in a stopped condi-

tion until the external start button is pressed.

If a tool call is only programmed for the purpose

of speed-change, the programmed STOP may be

neglected.

An

automatic tool change

does not require a

programmed STOP. Program run is continued

when the tool change procedure is final&d.

1

TOOL CHANGE

TOOL CALL 0

TOOL CHANGE

IP14

Programming of tool compensation

Tool call/Program run stop

Entry of

a tool Cdl

clommand

Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

TOOL NUMBER? b0

Key-in tool number.

g Enter into memory.

WORKING SPINDLE AXIS x/y/z?

Enter working spindle axis, e.g. Z

SPINDLE SPEED S RPM?

‘f

Key-in spindle speed (refer to

table on next page).

Enter into memoly

Display example

Tool number 5 has been called-up. The working

spindle axis is operating in the Z-direction; the

pri spindle speed is 12: rpm.

Entry of

a programmed

stop

Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

AUXILIARY FUNCTION M?

Auxiliary function required: Key-in auxiliary function

Enter into memory.

Auxiliary fwction not required:

)H

Data entry not required

Display example

Program run is stopped at block No. 18,

71 No auxiliary function.

P15

Tool call

Spindle speeds

Programmable

spindle speeds

(with coded

output)

With coded output, the spindle speeds must lie

within the standard range. If necessary. the con

trol will round-off the value to the next highest

standard value.

spiidle speeds

(with analogue

output)

Programmed spindle speeds do not have to COT-

respond to the values given in the table. Any

desired spindle speed may be programmed pro-

vided it is not below the minimum speed and

does not exceed the maximum speed.

Moreover. the “spindle override- potentiometer

enables the programmed speed to be superim-

posed by a set %-factor.

With TNC 155 as of software version 06 and TNC

151. the max. entry value with analogue output

of spindle speeds has been increased to

30000 rpm.

P16

Programming of workpiece contours

Contour

Workpiece

c’mtour Workpiece contours which are programmed with

the TNC 151/TNC 155 corisist of the contour

elements

straights

and arcs.

Construction

of a workpiece

contour

For construction of a workpiece contour, the

control must receive information regarding the

type and location of individual contour elements.

Since the next machine step is determined in

each program block, it is sufficient

l

to enter the

co-ordinates

of the next target

position and

0 specify with which

type of path

(straight, arc

or spiral) the next target position is to be

reached.

Programming

of

w-ordinates

Co-ordinates can only be programmed when the

path

to the target position has already been spe-

cified.

The type of path is programmed with one of the

contouring keys (see

next page). These keys

simultaneously initiate dialogue programming.

Absolute/

If position co-ordinates are to be entered in

incremental dimensions,

the I

q

-key must

be pressed. The red indicator lamp signals that

the entry has been transferred as an incremental

dimension.

The M-key has an alternating function. By re-

pressing the I -key, programming is reverted

q

to

absolute dimensions

and the red indicator

lamp is then off.

Y

t

PO ACTUAL POSITION

P, NOMINAL POSITION

i

1

I

Programming of workpiece contours

Contouring keys/Cartesian co-ordinates

Contouring

keys pJ’ Linear interpolation L (“Line”):

The tool follows a straight path. The end

position of the straight line is programmed.

bl’

c Cwcular interpolation C (“Circle”):

The tool follows the path of a circular arc.

The end position of the circular arc is pro-

grammed.

q ’

cc Ctrcle centre CC (“Circle Centre”) (also

as pole for polar co-ordinate program-

ming):

For programming the circle centrepoint with

circular interpolation and the pole-position

for program entry in polar co-ordinates.

Rounding of corners RND:

The tool inserts an arc which has a tangen-

tial transition into the subsequent contour.

Only the arc radius has to be programmed.

q

Tangentjal arc CT:

The tool Inserts an arc which tangentially

adjoins the previous contour. Only the end

position of the arc has to be programmed.

Cartesian

co-ordinates

A maximum of three axes (with linear inter-

r

polation) with the corresponding numerical value

can be programmed. If axis IV is to be used for a

rotary table (A. B or C-axis). entry is made in O

(degrees).

PI8

Programming of workpiece contours

Cartesian co-ordinates

E,ntry of

~Cartesian

co-ordinates

Dialogue question:

COORDINATES?

Select axis. e.g. X.

Incremental-Absolute?

u

Key-in numerical value.

0 Enter next co-ordinate, e.g.

Y and if required the third

co-ordinate (max. 3 axes).

When

all co-ordinates are

entered: Enter into memory

Programming of workpiece contours

Polar co-ordinates/Pole

Pole cc

In the polar co-ordinates system, the datum for

the polar co-ordinates is the pole.

Before entry of polar co-ordinates, the pole

must be defined.

There are three ways of defining the pole:

0 The pole is re-defined by using Cartesian

co-ordinates.

A CC-block is programmed with co-ordinates

of the working plane.

0 The last nominal position is utilised as the

pole.

A CC-block is programmed. The co-ordi-

nates last programmed are then used for the

definition of the oole.

0 The pole has the co-ordinates which were

programmed in the last CC-block.

A CC-block need not be programmed.

P20

Pro&-amming of workpiece contours

Polar co-ordinates/Pole

Elntry of the

PIOk Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

COORDINATES? Select first axis. e.g. X

Incremental-Absolute?

Key-in numerical value.

If only one co-ordinate of the last

nominal value is to change. the other

does not have to be entered.

PI Select second axis. a. g. Y

5 Incremental-Absolute?

5 Key-in numerical value.

Enter into memory

Display example 1 The pole has the absolute X-co-ordinate 10

27 CC X -I- 10,000 IV + 45,000 and the incremental Y-co-ordinate 45.

The pole I” block 93 has the co-ordinates

Disp’ay examp’e 2 rr.5Oiand Y 33.000.

Programming of workpiece contours

Polzi- co-ordinates

Polar

co-ordinates

If required, polar co-ordinates can be used for

programming positions (polar co-ordinate radius

PR. polar co-ordinate angle PA).

Polar co-ordinates are always related to a~

pole cc.

Incremental

entry

With incremental entry. the polar co-ordinate

radius is increased by the programmed value.

An incremental polar co-ordinate angle is refe-

renced to the angle last entered.

Example:

Point PI has the polar co-ordinates

PRI (absolute) and PA1 (absolute). Point P2 has

the polar co-cordinates PR2 (incremental) and

PAZ (incremental). When programming point

PRZ. only the

change in radius

and

change in

angle

for PA2 are entered as numerical values.

Point P2 has the absolute values PR = (Pi31 +

PRZ) and PA = (PA1 + PA2).

P22

Programming of workpiece contours

Polar co-ordinates

Ehtry of Dialogue question:

Qolar

c:o-ordinates

POLAR COORDINATES-RADIUS PR? ) fl Incremental-Absolute?

E Key-in polar co-ordinates radius PR to

target point.

Enter into memory

POLAR COORDINATES-ANGLE PA? Incremental-Absolute?

0 Key-in polar co-ordinates angle PA

related to reference axis.

Enter into memory

Tool radius

Path

compensation

Programming

the radius

offset

RO

RR

RL

1’24

Programming of workpiece contours

Radius compensation - Path compensation

For automatic compensation of tool length and

radius - as entered in the TOOL DEF block - the

control must know whether the

tool

is located to

the right of the contour. left of the contour or is

directly on the contour in the feed direction.

If the tool is moving with path compensation, i.e.

the centrepoint of the tool is moving with the

programmed radius being considered, the tool

follows a path which is parallel to the workpiece

contour and which is offset by the tool radius.

Tool radius offset is programmed by pressing

the keys R- and

q

. The red indicator lamp

q

shows which type of tool radius compensation is

being applied.

If the tool is to move along the contour without

consideration of a radius offset, the positioning

block must be programmed without tool radius

compensation.

If the tool is to move on the right-hand side of

the programmed contour with radius offset,

press R5

cl

The red indicator lamp signals that the RZ

function is effective. 0

If the tool is to move on the left-hand side of

the programmed contour with radius offset,

press

R-

PI

The red indicator lamp signals that the R-

function is effective. 0

Programmed contour

Programming of workpiece contours

Radius compensation

Entry of

RL or RR Dialogue question:

TOOL RADIUS COMP. RL/RR/NO COMP.?

) p\ [El select radius compensation.

Enter into memory.

Entry of RO

Dialogue question:

TOOL RADIUS COMP. RL/RR/NO COMP.? )

q

Enter “no compensation” into memob’

Path

compensation

on internal

cornets

Path

Correction

of path

with M97

Programming of workpiece contours

Path compensation

On internal corners, the control automatically

calculates the intersection S of the milling tool

path which is parallel to the workpiece contour.

This prevents workpiece damage through back

cuimg.

When radius compensation has been pro-

grammed, the control applies a transitional arc

which enables the tool to “roll: around the COT-

ner.

In most cases. the tool is guided around the car-

ner at a constant feed rate. If. however. the pro-

grammed feed rate is too high for the transitional

arc. the feed rate is automatically reduced to a

lower value (ensuring contour precision). The

limit value is permanently programmed within the

control.

Automatic feed rate reduction can be cancelled

by programming the auxiliary function M90 (see

“Feed rate”) if required.

If the tool radius is larger than a step within

the contour, the transitional arc can cause

workpiece damage on an external comer.

This is then indicated by the error message

= TOOL RADIUS TOO LARGE = and the cove-

sponding positioning block is not executed.

The auxiliary function PA97 prevents the insertion

of a transitional arc. The control then calculates

a further path intersection S and guides the

tool via this point, thereby preventing damage to

the contour.

Error message:

TOOL RADIUS TOO LARGE

J7

program

contour

withoul

M97

Programming of workpiece contours

Path compensation

Special case

with M97

In special cases. e.g. intersection of a circle and

straight line, the control is unable to make an

intersection with path compensation using M97.

When executing the program. the error

= TOOL RADIUS TOO LARGE =

is displayed.

Remedy

Insertion of an auxiliary positioning block which

extends the end point of the arc by a length

“zero”. The control then performs a linear interpo-

lation which determines the intersecting point S.

16 CC Circle centrepoint

17 C Arc end position

18 L IX 0,OQO IY 0,000

R F M97

19 L straight

A straight contour element with the length zero

has been programmed in block 18

Or:

18 L IXO.001

R F M97

A straight contour has been programmed with a

length of 0.001 mm.

Constant

feed rate on

external

‘corners M90

The feed rate reduction on external comers can

be cancelled with the auxiliary function M90.

This can however lead to a slight contour blem-

ish. Also, excessive acceleration values can

occur, i.e. the maximum acceleration defined in

the machine parameters can be exceeded.

This auxiliary function depends on the machine

parameters which are stored in the memory

(operation with trailing error). The machine tool

builder will indicate if this type of operation is

possible with your control.

4

L 1; 0,000 IY 0,000

1

P

Y

L IX 0,001

i-

I

f

without

M9Q

f \

-

with

M90

P2

7

Termination

of path

compensation

M98

Line-by-line

milling with

I’498

Example

Programming of workpiece contours

Path comper%ation -

The auxiliary function M98 ensures that a con-

tour element is completely executed. If a further

contour has been programmed, as shown in the

adjacent example, the first contour position is

approached with tool radius compensation, as a

result of M98, and is completely executed (see

also “Departure command”).

A further example for application of M98 is line-

by-line milling with downfeed in Z.

Lz -10 R F9999 M

Lx x20 Y-IO RR F20 M

L YIIO R F M98

Lz -20 R F9999 M

L Y-110 RL F20 M

L Y-IO R F M98

without M98 with M98

P28

, ,., .

Programming of workpiece contours

Feed rate F/Auxiliary functions M

Feed rate The feed rate. i.e. tool path speed is pro-

grammed in mm/min. or 0.1 inch/min.

With rotary tables (A. 6 or C-axis) the entry value

is in O/min.

The feed rate override on the control operating

panel can van/ the feed rate from 0 to 150%.

Max. entry values (rapid) for the feed rate are

0 15999 mm/min. or

0 6299/10 inch/min.

The max. feed rate of the individual machine

axes is determined through machine parameters

by the machine tool builder.

F

Auxiliaty

functions For control of special machine functions (e.g.

spindle “on”) and tool path behaviour, auxiliary

(miscellaneous) functions can be programmed.

Auxiliary functions have the address letter M

and a code number.

When programming, it must be noted that cer-

tain M-functions are effective at the beginning of

a block (e.g. MO3 spindle “on”, clockwise) and

others at the block-end (e.g. MO5 Spindle

‘stop”).

A list of all M-functions is given on the following

pages.

P30

Progr&nming of workpiece contours

Entry off feed rate

Entry of auxiliary functions

Entry of

feed rate Dialogue question:

FEED RATE ? F = Key-in code number.

Enter into memory

Entry of a”

auxiliary

function

Dialogue question:

AUXILIARY FUNCTION M ? Key-in code number.

Enter into memory

P31

Auxiliary functions M

M-functions

which affect

program run

P32

I-reely

selectable

iwxiliary

l’unctions

Auxiliary functions M

Freely selectable auxiliary functions are deter

mined by the machine tool builder and are

explained in the machine tool manual.

P33

Programming of workpiece contours

Straight paths

Single axis

movements If the tool moves relative to the workpiece in a

straight path which is parallel to a machine

axis, this is referred to as single axis positioning

or machining.

ZD-Linear

interpolation If the tool moves in a straight path in one of the

main planes (XY, YZ. ZX). this is referred to as

2D-linear interpolation.

z

t

SINGLE AXIS

2

t

ZD-LINEAR INTERPOLATION

3D-Linear

interpolation If the tool moves relative to the workpiece in a

straight path with simultaneous traversing of all

three machine axes, this is referred to as

3D-linear interpolation.

P34

Programming of workpiece contours

Straight paths

Straight

line L

The tqol is to mcwe in a straight line from the

starting position Pl to the target position P2.

The target position P2 (nominal position) is pro-

grammed.

The nominal position P2 can be specified either

in Cartesian or in polar co-ordinates.

Y

t

9”

if

93

l

p2

CD

X

Linear

interpolation

with a linear

axis and angle

axis

When performing linear interpolation with a

linear and an angle axis, the following should be

noted:

software version 01. 02 (TNC 155)

The programmed feed rate applies to the speed

of the anale axis. With rotary ax? movements

through small angles, the lit&r axis must adapt

its feed rate to the rotary axis. This leads to rela-

tively high feed rates of the linear axis and -

since the feed rate of the linear axis is displayed

- a correspondingly high feed rate display on the

VDU-screen.

As of software version 03

(TNC 151flNC 155)

The programmed feed rate F is interpreted as a

contouring feed rate. i.e. broken down into

linear and angle components as follows:

F(L) = F x AL

/(AL)’ + (AW)’

F(W)=FxAW

J(ALj’ + (AW)i’

Designation:

F = programmed feed rate

F (L) = linear component of feed fate

F (W) = angle component

AL = Traversing distance of linear

aXiS

AW = Traversing distance of angle axls

P35

Remarks

lP36

Entry in

Cartesian

co-ordinates

Display example

Programming of workpiece contours

Linear interpolation/Cartesian co-ordinates

Operating mode

q

Dialogue initiation k!

COORDINATES?

Select axis, e.g. X.

El Incremental-Absolute?

I

I u

Key-in numerical value

Key-in next co-ordinate, e.g. Y and

if reqd. a third co-ordinate (max. 3

When keying-in of

all co-ordinates

of

the target position is finalised. Enter into memory

I

TOOL RADIUS COMP. RL/RR/NO COMP.? ) pi pq

R If reqd., key-in radius compensation.

Enter into memory

FEED RATE? F =

I

if reqd.. key-in feed rate.

Enter into memory.

I I

t

AUXILIARY FUNCTlON M?

If reqd., key-in auxiiia@ function.

Enter into memory

The tool moves to position X 20.Dmm (absolute)

and Y 49.8 mm (incremental) with a radius offset

to the left of the contour and with a feed rate of

100 mmlmin.

The coolant is switched on at the beginning and

the spindle rotation is clockwise.

Programming of workpiece contours

Linear interpolation/Polar co-ordinates

EntrY in Operating mode

p&r

co-ordinates Dialogue initiation

I

POLAR COORDINATES RADIUS PR? ) g Incremental Absolute?

0 Key-in polar co-ordinates radius PR fol

end position of straight line.

Enter into memory.

POLAR COORDINATES ANGLE PA? )

q

Incremental - Absolute?

6 Key-in polar co-ordinates angle PA for

z

end position of straight line.

Enter into memory

TOOL RADIUS COMP. TL/RR/NO COMP.? ) pi

q

7 If reqd., key-in radius compensation.

Enter into memory

FEED RATE ? F = If reqd.. key-in feed rate.

Enter into memory

AUXILIARY FUNCTION M ? if reqd., key-in auxiliary function.

q

Enter into memory.

Display example

r

The tool moves to a position which is 35 mm

away from the last defined Pole CC: the polar co-

ordinates angle is 45’ (absolute). Radius cornpen-

sation and feed rate are determined by the values

last programmed. There is no auxiliary function.

P39

Programming of workpiece contours

Circular interpolation

circular

interpolation

Circle

centre cc

Circular

path C

Direction of

rotation

The movements of two axes are simultaneously

controlled such. that the relative movement of

the tool to the workpiece describes a circle or an

arc.

With TNC 155 an arc can be programmed in

three ways:

l via the circle centrepoint and end position

with the keys m and

q

0 by inserting an arc with a tangential

transition at both ends. via the radius only.

with the yk -key.

0

0 by adjoining the arc to the previous contour

tangentially and the arc end position with

the m-key

The circle centre must be defined before com-

mencement of circular interpolation-program-

ming with j’

0

Two types of programming are possible:

0 The circle centre CC is defined with Cartesian

r-

co-ordinates.

0 The circle centre is alreadv defined bv the

co-ordinates of the last CC-block.

Entry dialogue for the circle centre is initiated

with the $

r7 -key (see “Pole*).

The tool is to move on a circular path from the

actual position Pl to the target position PZ.

Only position P2 is programmed.

Position P2 may be specified in Cartesian or

polar co-ordinates.

For circular path movement. the control must

know the direction of rotation. The rotation

direction is either positive DR+ (counter-clock.

wise) or negative DR- (clockwise).

r

P40

Programming of workpiece contours

Direction of rotation

Eintry Dialogue question:

ROTATION CLOCKWISE: DR - ?

If rotation should be clockwise: Key-in (-) rotating direction.

Enter into memory

If rotation should be countwclockwise: Key-in (+) rotating direction

z

(press sign change key twice)

Enter into memory

P41 1

Circular path

:programming

Cartesian

co-ordinates

Programming of workpiece contours

Circular interpolation/Cartesian co-ordinates

When programming in Cartesian co-ordinates

I in

care must be taken that the starting position and

target position (new nominal position) both lie on

the same circular path, i.e. both positions must

have the same distance to the circle centre CC.

If this is not the case. the following error is dis-

played:

= CIRCLE END POS. INCORRECT =

IP42

Programming of workpiece contours

Circular interpolation/Cartesian co-ordinates

Elntry in Operating mode

Cartesian

co-ordinates Dialogue initiation IT

COORDINATES? ‘g

Select axis. e.g. X.

0 Incremental - Absolute ?

Key-in numerical value.

Lg

Key-in next co-ordinate, e.g. Y.

When

all co-ordinates

of the arc

end position are keyed-in: Enter into memory

ROTATlON CLOCKWISE: DR- ? bI%

Key-in rotating direction.

g Enter into memory

TOOL RADIUS COMP. RL/RR/NO COMP. ? ) Fi pi

R If reqd., key-in radius compensation.

E Enter into memory

FEED RATE ? F = Kl

If reqd.. key-in feed rate.

Enter into memory.

AUXILIARY FtiNCTlON M ?

If reqd., key-in auxiliary function.

Enter into memory

Display example

)“““‘“,:.,:*“.

The tool moves to the target position X 30.000

and Y 48.000 in a circular path in the positive

rotating direction (counter-clockwise). with a tool

radius offset to the right of the contour.

The feed rate corresponds to the value last pro-

grammed. There is no auxiliary function.

P43

Circular path

programming

in polar

co-ordinates

Programming of workpiece contours

Circular interpolation/Polar co-ordinates

If the target position on the circular path is pro-

grammed in polar co-ordinates, it is sufficient if

the target position is defined through specific+

tion of the polar co-ordinates angle PA (absolute

or incremental).

The radius is already defined through the posi

tion of the tool and the programmed circle

centre cc.

If the tool is located at the pole or circle centre

before starting circular interpolation, the following

error is displayed:

= ANGLE REFERENCE MISSING =

P44

Programming of workpiece contours

Circular interpolation/Polar co-ordinates

Entry in

p0lar

cwordinates

Operating mode

Dialogue initiation (if reqd.

q

)

q

POLAR COORDINATES ANGLE PA? )

q

Incremental - Absolute

,_i

Key-in polar co-ordinates angle

PA for circle target position.

Enter into memory

COORDINATES?

The question COORDINATES requires an

entry with “Helical interpolationw for explanm

ation, see “Helical interpolation”

ROTATION CLOCKWISE: DR- ? )!%I Key-in rotating direction.

g Enter into memory.

TOOL RADIUS COMP. RL/RR/NO COMP. ?) pi Fi ? If reqd., key-in radius compensation.

Enter into memory

FEED RATE ? F = If reqd., key-in feed rate.

Enter into memory

AUXILIARY FUNCTION M ? If reqd.. key-in auxiliary function.

Display example

The feed rate corresponds to the value last pro-

grammed. There is no auxiliary function.

P45

Programming of workpiece contours

Adjoining arcs

Arc with Programming of a circular path is simplified if the

tangential arc tangentially adjoins the contour. Only the arc

connection end position is entered for defining the arc.

Entry

The contour section. to which the circular path is

to be adjoined. must be entered immediately

before programming the adjoining arc. If the con-

tour section is missing, the following error is dis-

played:

= CIRCLE END POS. INCORRECT =

Two co-ordinates must be programmed in the

positioning block prior to the adjoining arc and

within the block for the arc, otherwise the follow

ing error will Abe displayed:

= ANGLE REFERENCE MISSING =

With a tangential connection to the contour and

an end position of the circular path, an arc is

defined exactly.

This arc has a definite radius, a definite direction

of rotation and a definite centrepoint. It is there-

fore unnecessary to program these items.

Only Cartesian co-ordinates may be pro-

grammed for the arc end position.

Dialogue is initiated by pressing

q

YA

CIRCLE CENTRE

P46

Programming of workpiece Contours

Adjoining arcs

Eintry Operating mode ET

Dialogue initiation

q

COORDINATES?

Select axis. e.g. X.

q

Incremental~Absolute?

5 Key-in numerical value.

9

Key-in next co-ordinate. e.g. Y.

g

Incremental-Absolute?

0 Key-in numerical value.

3 Enter into memory

TOOL RADIUS COMP. RL/RR/NO COMP. ? ) \Ei F

,R If reqd.. key-in radius compensation.

g Enter into memory

FEED RATE ? F = )Z

If reqd.. key-in feed rate.

g Enter into memory

AUXILIARY FUNCTION M ? m

If reqd., key-in auxiliary function.

Enter into memory.

Display example

7

An arc has been tangentially adjoined. I

The co-ordinates of the arc end position

are X 15.8/Y 35.0.

Programming of workpiece contours

Rounding of corners

Rounding

of comers

RND

Contour comers can be rounded-off by applying

comer radii. The comer radius has a tangential

transition into both the previous and subsequent

contour section.

Insertion of a rounding-off radius is possible on

all contour corners. i.e. comers can be formed

by the following contour elements:

0 Straight - Straight

0 Straight - Arc of Arc-Straight

0 Arc - Arc

Programming

hint

Application of a rounding-off radius can only be

performed in a

main plane, XY, Y2 or 2X.

This means that the positioning blocks immedia-

tely before and after the *rounding-w? block

must contain both co-ordinates of the working

plane. If the working plane is not exactly defined

(e.g. positioning blocks with X.. Y.. Z..). the

following error is displayed:

= PLANE WRONGLY DEFINED =

:Q Pi

..j

_,

/

15 Straight line to Pl (X, Y)

Programming

Programming of the rounding-off radius imme-

diately follows the point Pl in which the comer is

located.

16 RND R 15,000

17 Straight line to P2 (X, Y)

The rounding-off radius is entered.

P4

P3

PI

P2

IP48

Entry

Programming of workpiece contours

Rounding of corners

Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

ROUNDING-OFF RADIUS R?

Key-in ‘corner radius

Enter into memory

Display example 1

1 A rounding-off radius R = 5.000 mm has been

78

RND R 5,000

inserted between the contour elements forming a

corner.

P49 I

Programming of workpiece contours

Chamfers

With TNC 151,‘TNC 155. chamfers with the side

-

length L can be applied to workpieces. The H-

key is used for programming.

The angle between points P4Pl and PlP2 is opti-

onal.

Application of a chamfer may only be performed

in one

of the main planes

(XV. YZ. ZX). This

means that the blocks before and after the

*chamfer-block” must contain both co-ordinates

oft the working plane.

If the working plane has not been exactly defined

(e.g. a positioning block with X.. Y.. Z.. .). the

following error is displayed:

= PLANE WRONGLY DEFINED =

26 Straight line to Pl (X, v)

27

L 10,000

28 Straight line to P2 (X v)

P50

Entry

Programming of workpiece contours

Chamfers

Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

COORDINATES ? Key-in chamfer side length L.

Enter into memory

Display example

88 L 7,500

A chamfer with the side length L = 7.5 mm has

been applied between the contour elements form-

1”g a corner.

Programming of workpiece contours

Helix

Helical interpolation -

With circular interpolation, two axes are simulta-

neously traversed such, that a circle is described

in one of the main planes (XY. YZ. 2X).

If the circular interpolation is superimposed with

a linear movement in the third axis (= tool axis),

the tool will follow a helical path.

Helical interpolation can be used for manufacture

of large-diameter, internal and external threads as

well as lubrication grooves.

Entry data A helix can only be programmed in polar co-ordi-

nates. As with circular interpolation, the circle

centre CC must already be defined before-

hand.

The total rotation,al angle of the tool (= number

of thread

turns

2) is entered as the polar co-

ordinates angle PA in degrees:

PA = Number of turns x 360°

For angles greater than 360’. PA must be speci-

fied incrementally. The total height/depth is

entered in response to the dialogue request for

co-ordinates.

This value depends on the required pitch.

H=PxA H = Total height/depth

P = Pitch

A = Number of thread turns

The total height/depth can also be programmed

as an absolute or incremental value.

Radius

compensation The tool radius compensation depends on

l

the direction of rotation,

0 the type of thread (internal/external)

l

milling direction (pos./neg. axis direction):

Z

IV

’ Starting position

I’52

Emtn/

Programming of workpiece contours

Helical interpolation

Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

POLAR COORDINATES ANGLE PA

? )

q

Incremental - Absolute ?

Key-in total rotational angle.

COORDINATES ? m

Select feed axis.

5 Incremental - Absolute ?

‘0 Key-in height or depth.

Enter into memory

ROTATION CLOCKWISE: DR- ?

Key-in rotating direction.

5 Enter. into memory

TOOL RADIUS COMP. RL/RR/NO COMP. ? )Fi pj

Key-in radius compensation.

Enter into memory

If reqd.. key-in feed rate.

Enter into memory

AUXlLkY FUNCTION M ? Kl

If reqd.. key-in auxiliary function.

Enter into memory

Display example

P53

Contour approach and departure

on an arc

Approach and Contour approach and departure on an arc has

departure on arc the advantage of the contour being approached

to and departed from on a tangential “smooth*

path. Programming for smooth tangential

approach and departure is performed with RND!

,r’--‘a.7

/ \

Approach

(run-on)

The tool moves to the starting position PS and

then towards the contour which is to be

machined.

The positioning block to PS must not contain

path compensation (i.e. 130).

The positioning block to the first contour position

Pl contains path compensation (RR or RL).

The control recognizes that a tangential run-on

procedure is required, since an RND-block fol-

lows the positioning block for contour position P.

Departure The tool has reached the last contour position P

(run-offj and then proceeds to the finishing position PE.

The positioning block to P contains path com-

pensation (RR or RL).

The position block to PE must not contain path

compensation (i.e. RO).

The control recognizes that a tangential run-off

procedure is required, since an RND-block fol-

lows the positioning block for the contour posi-

tion P.

1

P54

Contour approach and departure

on an arc

Programming

for approach

(run-on)

20 L x + 100,000 Y + 50,000

RO F15999 M

21 L X + 65,000 Y + 40,000

RR F 50 Ml3

22 FIND R 10,000

23 L X + 65,000 Y + 100,000

R F M

Positioning block to starting position PS with

RO.

Positioning block to first contour position PI with

path compensation

RR.

Specification of

tangential run-on radius.

Positioning block to next contour position P2

Programming

for departure

(run-off)

30 L X + 50,000 Y + 65,000

RR F50 M

Positioning block to last contour position P with

path compensation

RR.

31 RND R 15,000

Specification of

tangential run-off radius.

32 L X + 100,000 Y + 85,000

RO F 15999 MOO

Positioning block to finishing position PE with

RO.

Caution, when entering F15999.

For tangential approach: The starting point PS

must be located within the quadrant I,. II or Ill.

The ~quadrants are formed by the starting direc-

tion in PI’ and the its perpendicular (tangential

direction with arcs) also passing through PI’.

If the starting direction is located within quadrant

IV. a clockwise arc will be formed thus dama-

ging the workpiece.

Pl = First contour position

PI’ = First compensated contour position

PS = Starting position (with radius RO)

RNDl = Rounding-off arc for quadrants I, II

RND2 = Rounding-off arc for quadrants ill, IV

P5!

Contour approach and departure in a

straight path

Introduction

contour

The tool is to move to the position PS and then

approach and

run-on to the contour. After the machining proce-

departure in

due. the tool is to run-off the contour and pro-

a straight path

teed to the position PE.

Path angle a

Run-on and run-off behaviour depends on the

path angle CI. This angle is related to the angle

which is formed between

0 the approach-straight and the first

contour element and

0 the departure-straight and the last

contour element.

There are normally three cases which can be

considered:

0 Path angle (1 = 180”

0 Path angle CI less than 180”

0 Path angle CI greater than 180°

P56

Contour approach and departure in a

straight path

Path angle

a

equal to 180°

Path angle

a = 1800 If the path angle (1 is equal to 180°, the starting

and finishing position is located on the extension

of the last position of a straight contour or the

tangent of the first/last contour position with cir-

cular shaped contours.

The starting and finishing position must be pro-

grammed

with radius compensation

(RL or RR).

Approach

(Run-on) The tool moves in a straight path to the compen-

sated position PSk of contour position PS and

then proceeds to the position Plk on a compen-

sated path.

The tool moves from the compensated position

P5k of contour point P5 in a compensated path

to position PEk.

PSk-

Interpreted by the

control as a

contour element.

PS

I

PEk I

Path angle

With CI greater than 1804 the starting and finish~

13 greater

ing position must be programmed with

radius

than 180° compensation

(RL or RR).

Contour approach and departure in a

straight path

Path angle a greater than 180'

The first and last contour position is assumed as

being an external corner. The control implements

path compensation for an external comer and

inserts a transitional arc.

The control considers the starting position PS as

being the first contour position.

The tool moves to position PSk and then on a

compensated path to position Plk.

Departure

(Run-off)

The control considers the finishing position PE as

being the last contour position.

The tool moves to the finishing position PEk on a

compensated path.

Contour approach and departure in a

straight path

Path angle a less than 180°

Path angle

a less

than 180”

With CI less than 1809 the starting and finishing

position must be programmed

without corn-

pensation,

i.e. with RO.

PS and PE are positioned without path compen-

sation.

Approach

The tool moves from PA in a straight path to the

(Run-on)

position Plk of contour position PI.

Departure

(Run-off) The tool moves from the compensated position

P5k of contour position Pl in a straight path to

the uncompensated position PE.

P59 1

Approach

command M96

Departure

command M99

Termination of

path compen-

sation M96

Contour approach and ~departure

in a straight

path

Approach command M96

Departure command M98

If position PS has been programmed without tool

compensation and the path angle CL for contour

approach is greater than 1809 contour damage

will occur.

With the auxiliary function M96, the starting

position PS is interpreted as a compensated

position PSk.

The tool is positioned to Plk on a compensated

path.

With path

angles c greater than 1604

the auxi-

liary function M96 must be programmed. M96 is

programmed in the block for Pl.

If the finishing position is programmed with com-

pensation and with a

departure angle c less

than 1904

contour machining will be incomplete.

By programming M98 into the block for P, the

tool is positioned directly to position Pk and then

to the compensated position PEk. The direction

PE-PEk corresponds to the radius offset last exe-

cuted: in this example P-Pk.

If further contour positions have been pro-

grammed subsequent to PE, the direction for the

radius offset depends on the direction of the next

contour section.

An M98 within the block for the last contour

position ensures that the contour element is

completely executed and that the first position of

the subsequent contour is approached to with

radius compensation as per the adjacent

example.

P60

Plroblem with

approach angle a

less than 180°

L’ !l

.

Contour approach and departure in a straight

path

Tool in stat-t position

Approach command M95

At the beginning of the program. the tool hap-

pens to be located at the actual position PS

or the position PS has been approached with

compensation (PS = PSk) ,and position Plk can-

not be approached due to the path compensa-

tion.

P:k PI

Approach With auxiliary function M95, path compensation

command M95 for the first positioning block is cancelled. The

tool travels from position PS to the compensated

contour Plk without path compensation.

The auxiliary function M95 is programmed when

the approach angle a is less than 1800 It is pro-

grammed into the block for position PI.

Plk PI I

L!!t

A

!

P61

Subprograms and program part repeats

Program markers (Labels)

Label

When programming, labels with a certain num-

ber can be set to mark a program section as e.g.

a subprogram (sub-routine).

Jumps can be made to such label numbers dur-

ing program run (e.g. for execution of the appro-

priate subprogram).

Setting a label

LSL SET

A label is set by pressing the m-key.

Label number

Label numbers from 0 to 254 may be allocated.

Label numbw0 always signifies the

end of a

subprogram (see

“Subprogram”) and is there-

fore considered as a return jump marker!

If a label number is entered which has already

been allocated somewhere else within the pro-

gram. the following error is displayed:

= NUMBER ALREADY ALLOCATED =.

Calhg;~ a label

Di&guui;~;atac by pressing

q

0 Subprograms

can be retrieved.

0 Program part repeats

can be set.

Label number

Label number 1 - 254 may be called-up,

If the number 0 is entered, the following error is

displayed:

= JUMP TO LABEL 0 NOT PERMITTED =.

q )

o = CALL LBL 27 Eel

0 0

Repetiiion REP

With

program part repeats

the question

-REPEAT REP” is responded to by entering the

required number of repetitions.

The question REP is responded to by pressing

/@ for subprogram calls.

P62

Subprograms and program part repeats

Labels

Betting a label Operating mode LE

Dialogue initiation

LABEL NUMBER?

Key-in label number.

Enter into memory.

Display example

/

Label number 27 has been allocated to block 118.

Label call Operating mode El

Dialogue initiation

REPEAT REP?

If a

program part repeat

is to be entered: Kl Key-in the number of repetitions.

g Enter into memory

If

a subprogram call

is to be entered: Entry not required.

LABEL NUMBER?

Keyin label number to be called-up.

Enter into memory

Display

example 1

The subprogram having label number 27 is called-

up (continuation of machining with block number

Display

example 2

A program part is repeated two times. The “urn- ~

ber after the dash is a countdown indicating the

number of repetitions which are still to be execut-

ed. This number is reduced by 1 after completion ~

of each program part

Subprograms and program part repeats

Program part repeat

Program part

repeat

A program section which has been executed can

be repeated if required. This is referred to as a

program loop or

program part repeat.

The beginning of the program part which is to be

repeated is marked with a

label number.

The end of the program part is formed by

a LBL

CALL

in conjunction with the

number of

repeats REP.

Program run

The control executes the main program (includ-

ing the appropriate program part) until call-up of

the label number.

A jump is then made to th‘e program label and

the program part is repeated.

The display countdown reduces the number of

repetitions by 1 : REP 2/l.

After a new jump. the program part is repeated

agan.

When all programmed repetitions have been exe-

cuted, (display: REP Z/O). the main program is

continued.

-

Y Y

0 -0

0 0

Infinite loop

If no

entry

is made (by pressing I,“,” ) in

El

response to the question concerning the number

of repeats

REP, an

endless loop will take place:

the

call-up

of the label number is

repeated

constantly.

During program run and a test run. an infinite

loop is indicated after 8 iepetitions by the error

message:

= EXCESSIVE SUBPROGRAMMING =.

I

o=

zik+iE

0

O3-E

0

OF LBLll EO

0 0

o=,

0

PROGRAM

PART

.

,D . . .

P64

Subprograms and program part repeats

Subproijram

Subprogram If a program part is required at another location

within the machining program. this program sec-

tion is referred to as a sub-routine or subpro-

gram.

The beginning of the subprogram is labelled

with a label number. The end of subprogram

is always labelled with the label number 0.

The subprogram is retrieved via a LBL CALL

command. LBL CALL can be made at any loca

tion within the program.

After execution of the subprogram, a return jump

is made to the main program.

Program run The control works through the main program

until the subprogram call-up (CALL LBL 27 REP).

A jump is then made to the label called

The subprogram is executed until label number 0

(subprogram end).

Finally, a return jump is made into the main pro-

g’am.

The main program is continued from the block

immediately after the subprogram call.

A subprogram can only be executed once via a

call-up command! When retrieving a subprogram

via LBL CALL, the dialogue question REPEAT

REP? must be responded to by pressing

u ”

0 0

0 c’

0 0

0 cl

” n

LBLO =

0

0 0

I

SUB-

PROGRAM

0s LBL2J z”

o=

~

0

0 0

V

P65

Program run

with repetition

Program run

with

subprograms

P66

Subprograms and program part repeats

Nesting

A further subprogram or program part repeat can

be called-up within an existing subprogram or

program part repeat. This procedure is referred

to as

nesting.

(Illustrative example: set of boxes

or tables etc. fitting one inside another).

Program parts

and

subprograms

can be nest-

ed up to 8 times. i.e. the

nesting

level totals 8.

If the nesting level has been exceeded. the fol-

lowing error is displayed:

= EXCESSIVE SUBPROGRAMMING =.

The main program is executed until a jump is

made to LBL 17.

The program part is repeated twice.

Afterwards, the control continues program exe-

cution until a jump to LBL 15. The program part

is repeated once until CALL LBL 17 REP 2/2 and

the nested program part twice in addition. The

program part last programmed is then continued

to CALL LBL 17.

The main program is executed until the jump

command CALL LBL 17.

Afterwards, the subprogram is executed from

LBL 17 to the next call-up CALL LBL 53 etc. The

last subprogram within the series of nests is exe-

cuted without interruption.

Before the end of the last subprogram (LBL 0). a

return jump is made to each previous subpro-

gram until the main program is reached again.

I

-0g LBL 15 EOI

I 0

0

I

B

oz LBLI7 qo

0 0

o CALL LBL I? REP@O

II

0 0

-O CALL

LBL 15 REPIll

o -

r

1

Subprograms and program part repeats

Nesting

A subprogram

with a

subprogram

A subprogram cannot be programmed into an

existing subprogram. As per the adjacent

example, each of the subprograms is only exe-

cuted to the label number 0.

In this case. the subprogram 20 should be pro-

grammed at the end of the main program.

however separated from the main program by a

STOP M02.

Subprogram 20 is called-up via CALL LBL 20

within subprogram 19.

Repetition

With the aid of nesting, it is possible to repeat

of subprograms

subprograms.

The subprogram is called-up within a program

part repeat. This subprogram call is the only

block of the program part repeat.

During program run, care should be taken that

the subprogram is executed one time more than

the number of repetitions programmed.

P67

Program jum‘p

A jump into

another

main program

Program run

example

/

Program management of the control permits a

jump from one main program to another.

This etiables

0 home-made machining cycles to be com-

piled by using parameter programming (see

cycle “program call”)

0 the storage of tool lists.

Programming of the jump is initiated with the

q -key.

If a program number, to which no program has

been allocated, is entered (e.g. CALL PGM 13).

the error

= PGM 13 UNAVAlL4BLE =

is displayed when selecting the main program

via the jump command.

Max. four nesting levels are permitted for pro.

gram calls, i.e. the nesting level is 4.

The control executes the main program 1 until

the program call command CALL PGM.

A jump is then made into the main program 28.

Program 28 is completely executed from start to

finish.

A return jump is then made into main program 1.

Main program 1 is then continued from the block

subsequent to the program call.

B66

Entry

Program jump

Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

PROGRAM NUMBER?

K

Key-in number of program to be

called-up.

Enter into memory.

Display example

87 CALL PGM 28

Main program 28 has been called-up in block 87

P69 j

Parameters

Within a program, numerical values which are

related to units of measure (co-ordinates or feed

rate) can be substituted by

variable parameters

for numerical values which are either entered at

a later stage or calculated by the control.

When executing the program. the control then

uses the numerical value which the parameter

provides in the parameter definition.

Setting

parameters

Parameters are designated by the letter Cl and a

number between 0 and 99. Parameters may be

entered with a negative sign. Positive signs do

not have to be programmed. The m-key is

used for setting a parameter.

Parameter

definition

Parameter

definition

I!4

P70

The correlation of certain numerical values to the

parameters is either possible directly or via

mathematical and logical functions.

The dialogue for parameter definitions is initiated

with the

q

- key The adjacent

parameter func-

;ysy

FN

can be selected with the [Fi p]

If parameters are entered instead of co-ordinates

within a linear interpolation, contours can be pro-

duced which are based on mathematical func-

tions e.g. ellipses. The contour is then formed by

a large number of individual straight sections.

(see also programming example “Ellipse”)

Q

FN 0: ASSIGN

FN 1: ADDlTlON

FN 2: SUBTRACTlON

FN 3: MULTlPLlCATlON

FN 4: DlVlSlON

FN 5: SQUARE ROOT

FN 6: SINE

FN 7: COSINE

FN 6: ROOT SUM OF SQUARES

FN 9: IFEQUAL, JUMP

FN 10: IF UNEQUAL, JUMP

FN 11: IF GREATER THAN, JUMP

FN 12: IF LESS THAN, JUMP

Q12

Q

45

28

L X+GPl5 yfQ42

R F M

Parameters

Setting Dialogue question e.g.

a parameter

COORDINATES? m ,,

Select axis. e.g. X.

i5 Press parameter-key.

E Key-in parameter number.

$ If reqd., key-in sign _

Enter into memory.

Display example

“‘“*:‘:‘“.

Parameter 013 is an allocation for the numerical

value of the X-co-ordinate.

Parameter 02 is an allocation for the negative

Y-co-ordinate value.

Q13 is for example; assigned with the value

+40.000 and Q2 +19.000. The tool will therefore

move to the position P (X +40.000/Y -19.000).

Addressing

a parameter

function

Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

FNO: ASSIGN NIbfC

t Select reqd. parameter function.

If the reqd. function is in the display.

e.g.

FN 9: IF EQUAL, JUMP

The first dialogue question appears in the display

(see corresponding function for response).

Enter into memory

P71

Parameters

Parameter functions

FN 0:

Assign

FN 1:

Addition

FN 2:

Subtraction

j FN3:

Multiplication

: FN4:

j Division

:! FN 5:

: Square root

I

With function FN 0. a parameter is assigned with

a numerical value or another parameter.

Assignment is designated by a “=” sign.

With function FN 1. a certain parameter is

defined as the sum of two parameters or two

numerical values or a parameter and a numerical

value.

With function FN 2. a certain parameter is

defined as the

difference

between two ~parame-

ters or two numerical values or a parameter and

a numerical value.

With function FN 3. a certain parameter is

defined as the

product

of two parameters or

two numerical values or a parameter and a

numerical value.

With function FN 4. a certain parameter is

defined as the

quotient

of two parameters or

two numerical values or a parameter and a

numerical value.

(DIV:

abbrevation for

division)

With function FN 5. a certain parameter is

defined as the

square root

of a parameter or a

numerical value.

(SORT: abbrevation for

square root)

Display:

05 = 65,432

18 FN 0: Q5 = +65,432

Display:

a17 = Q2 + 5,000

12 FN 1: Q17 = +Q2

+ +5x)00

Qll = 5,000 - 034

Display:

94 FN 2: 011 = +5,000

- +Q34

Q21 = Ql x 60.0

Display:

85 FN 3: Q21 = +Ql

* +60,000

Q12 = Q2/62

Display:

73 FN 4: Q12 = +Q2

DIV +62,000

098 = a

Display:

69 FN 5: 098 = SORT +2

: p72

Parameters

Parameter functions

Programming

example FN 1 Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

FN 1: ADDITION

PAMETER NUMBER FOR RESULT? ) g

Key-in parameter number.

Enter into memory

FIRST VALUE/PARAMETER?

If a numerical value is assigned: Key-in value.

g Enter into memory

If a parameter is assigned: ‘g Press parameter key.

g

Key-in parameter number.

q

Enter into memory.

SECOND VALUE I PARAMETER?

If a numerical value is assigned: K Key-in value.

g Enter into memory.

If a parameter is assigned: bgl Press parameter key.

g

Key-in parameter number.

Enter into memory

P73

Trigonometrical

functions

Definition of

trigonometrical

functions

Parameters

Parameter functions

Sine and cosine functions form a mathematical

relationship between an angle and a side length

of a right-angled triangle. Trigonometrical func-

tions are programmed with

FN 6: sine and

FN 7: cosine

Opposite side a

“” a = Hypothenuse = :

Adjacent side b

c’s = = Hypothenuse = :

Trigonometrical

functions within

a right-angled

triangle

xp = R x cos a

Yp = R x $1” cl

FN 6:

sine

FN7:

cosine

With function FN 6 sine. a certain parameter is

defined as the sine of an angle (in degrees (“)).

The angle can be a numerical value or a para-

meter.

With function FN 7 cosine, a certain parameter is

defined as the cosine of an angle (in degrees

(“)). The angle can be a numerical value or a

parameter.

~, fija = Opposite

b = Adjacent c

X

010 = sin QS

Display:

113 FN 6: QlO = SIN + QS

081 - cos (-a55)

Display:

911FN7:091=cos-a55

P74

Parameters

Parameter functions

Length of a

distance

Parameter function FN 8: root of sum of square.

is used for determining the

length of a dis-

tance within a right-angled triangle.

The Pythagoras theorem states:

FN 8:

Root of sum of

squares

With function FN 8. root of sum of squares. a

certain parameter is defined as the square root

of the sum of the squares of two numerical

values or parameters.

(LEN

= abbreviation for length)

a3 = J302+a452

Display:

56 FN 8: 03 = +30,000

LEN +Q45

1

P75 I

If-jump

FN 9:

If equal, jump

Parameters

Parameter functions

With parameter functions F 9 to F 12. a paramet-

er can be compared with another parameter or

with a numerical value.

Depending on the result of such a comparison, a

jump can be made to a certain program label.

The equations are:

0 First parameter is equal to a value or a

second parameter, e.g.

Ql = 03

0 First parameter is different to a value or a

second parameter. e.g.

01 + 03

0 First parameter is greater than a value or a

second parameter, e.g.

Ql > Q3

0 First parameter is less than a value or a

second parameter, e.g.

Ql < 03

If one of these equations is satisfied,

a jump

is

then made to a certain program label.

If the equation is not satisfied, the program is

continued with the block which follows.

When programming the function FN 9, If equal,

jump-, a jump to a program label is only made if

a certain parameter is

equal to

another para-

meter or a numerical value.

=

equal

=I unequal

> greater than

< less than

132 132 LBL 30 LBL 30 1 1

IF = If or when

EQU

= abbreviation for

equal

GOT0 = “go to”

(proceed to)

L

If: 02 = 360

then jump to LBL 30!

Display:

47 FN 9: IF + QZ

EQU + 360,000 GOT0 LBL 30

Parameters

Parameter functions

Entry

Operating mode la

Example FN 9

Dialogue initiation

FIRST VALUE / PARAMETER Press parameter key.

E Key-in parameter number.

Enter into memory.

FN 9: IF EQUAL, JUMP bE3l Enter funktion into memory

If the parameter set above is to be

compared with a value. Key-in numerical value.

Enter into memory.

If the parameter set above is to be

compared with another parameter. Press parameter key.

5 Key-in parameter number,

Enter into memory

SECOND VALUE I PARAMETER

LABEL NUMBER? Key-in label number for jump.

q

Enter into memory

Display data is shown with the appropriate func-

tion on the following page.

P77

Parameters

Parameter functions

FN 10:

When programming, the function FN 10: If une-

If unequal, jump

qual, jump”, a jump to a label number is only

made if a certain parameter is

unequal to a

numerical value or another parameter.

(NE

= abbreviation for

not equal).

FN 11:

When programming the function FN 11: “If great-

If greater than,

er than, jump”, a jump ‘to a label number is only

b-w made if a certain parameter is

greater

than a

numerical value or another parameter.

(GT

= abbreviation for

greater than)

FN 12:

When programming the function FN 12: ‘If less

If less than, jump

than. jump”, a jump to a label number is only

made if a certain parameter is

less

than. a rune,

rical value or another parameter.

P78

If 03 + 010,

then jump to LBL 2!

Display:

1 38 FN 10: IF + Q3

I

NE + QlO GOT0 LBL 2

If Q8 > 380,

then jump to LBL 17!

(LT

= abbreviation for

less than)

r

Display:

28 FN 11: IF + 08

GT + 380,000 GOT0 LBL 17

IfQ8<Q8,

then jump to LBL 3!

Display:

24 FN 12: IF + Q8

LT + 05 GOT0 LBL 3

Remarks

Parameters

Parameter

definition

Parameter programming

(Example)

Programming with parameters can be explained

in the example of an ellipse.

The

ellipse

is described according to the adjac-

ent formula (math. parameter form of the ellipse).

Even/ angle o has an X and Y-co-ordinate.

Beginning at CI = 0’ and proceeding~to CI = 360’

in small increments. a number of individual

points are obtained forming an ellipse.

These points are adjoined by straight lines to

form a closed contour.

X = a cos a

Y = b sin CI

a, b : semi-axes of the ellipse

The program consists of 4 maln SectIons:

0 Parameter deflnitlon

0 Positioning (linear interpolation) for milling of

ellipse

0 Increase of angular step

0 Parameter comparison and program con-

tinuation until the ellipse is completed.

The following are defined as parameters:

0 Angular step 020:

The angle is to increase

in increments of 2’; 020 = + 2.000

4

Starting

angle 021: The first contour point

has the anale 0°: 021 = 0.000

0 Semi;lxis”in X-direction Q23:

Q23 = + 50.000

0 Semi-axis in Y-direction 022:

X

I L

Q23 J

0 X-co-ordinate 025:

The numerical value of

the C-co-ordinate is assigned to parameter

Q25.

Q22=+30.000 ~ 1

0 Y-co-ordinate

024: The numerical value of

the Y-co-ordinate is assigned to parameter

Q24.

Parameters Q25 and Q24 are defined according

to the above mentionecl formula: Q20 = + 2.000 I

(X=) 025 = Q23 * cm Q21:

(Y=) Q24 = Q22* sin Q21:

Q21 = + 0.000

Q22 = + 30.000

Both equations must be converted. since they

cannot be entered in this way. therefore:

first:

then:

Q14 = sin Q21

Q15 = cos 021

Q24 = Q14 * Q22

Q25 = 015 * Q23

Q14 = SIN + Q21

015 = COS + 021

Q24=+014 * tQ22

P80

Parameters

Parameter programming

(Example)

Positioning block

Milling of the ellipse is programmed within a

block with linear interpolation.

Increase of

New angle Q21 =

angular step

Old angle Q21 + angular step Q20

Parameter

For a repetition, a label must be set prior to the

comparison and

parameter definition for Q25 and Q24: LBL 1.

program repeat

The repetition is governed by the following con-

dition:

If angle Q21 is less than 360.19 (however greater

than 360”. but smaller than 360” plus the angular

step) then jump to LBL 1:

IF + Q21

LT + 360.100 GOT0 LBL 1.

Q14 = SIN + Q21

Q15=COS+Q21

Q24=iQ14 * +Q22

RR FZOO M

Q14 = SIN + 021

015 = COS + Q21

Q24 = t Q14 * + 022

a21 =+a21 ++Q20 I

-

Q20 = + 2,000

Q21 = + 0.000

Q14 = SIN + Q21

Q15=COS+Q21

Q24=+014 * tQ22

Q21 = + Q21 + +~Q20

P8

Canned cycles

Introduction

Canned cycles To simplify and speed-up programming, reoccur-

ring machining routines and certain co-ordinate

transformations are pre-programmed as fixed -

or canned - cycles. E.g. the milling of pockets or

the shifting of a workpiece datum to another

location.

Cycle definition With the cycle definition, the control is informed

of the necessary data for the cycle. e.g. side

length of the pocket. Dialogue for cycle definition

is initiated with the DEF -key. Cycles can be

PI

addressed with the m m -keys.

Breakdown of Cycles 1 to 5 are machining cycles, i.e.

available cycles machining routines are executed on the work-

piece.

With cycle 9, a dwell time can be programmed

and a program can be called-up via cycle 12.

The remaining cycles are used for various types

of co-ordinate transformations.

cycle call The cycle call enables .the cycle and the dwell

time which has been previously defined, to be

executed.

Co-ordinate transformations do not require a

special call-up; they are active immediately after

cycle definition.

There are three programming possibilities for

CYCL DEF 1 Peck drill

CYCL DEF 2 Tapping

CYCL DEF 3 Slot milling I Machining

r\,r,es

C’I (CL DEF 4 Pocket milling

CYCL DEF 5 Circular pocket

CYCL DEF 7 Datum shift

CYCL DEF 8 Mirror imaae

CYCL DEF 10 Co-ordinate

system rotation

CYCL DEF 11 Scaling

Co-ordinate

trans-

formations

CYCL DEF 12 Program call

CYCL DEF 9 Dwell time

0 Call-up with a CYCL CALL-block

0 Call-up via auxiliary function M99

0 Call-up via auxiliary function M89 (depending

on the machine parameters entered)

Call-up M89 is modally effective. this means a

cail~up of the machining cycle last ~programmed

is made with each subsequent positioning block.

M89 is cancelled either by the entry of M99 or a

CYCL CALL-block.

P82

Canned cycles

Cycle definition

Cycle call

Definition

of a cycle Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

CYCL DEF 1 PECKING

1

DIB j Select required machining cycle.

The cycle is displayed e.g

CYCL DEF 4 POCK!3 MILLING bH Enter cycle into memory

The display shows the first dialogue question

of the selected cycle. (See appropriate cycle

definition for response).

Call-up of a cycle Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

AUXILIARY FUNCTlON M? If reqd., key-in auxiliary

function.

Enter into memory

Display example

/ g5 Gym CALL MD3 The cycle last defined is called-up.

I,

The spindle rotates clockwise.

Canned Cycles

Machining cycles

Preparatory measures

Provisions The following must be programmed prior to a

cycle call:

l

Tool call: for definition of the working

spindle axis and spindle speed

0 Auxilian/ function: for specification of the

rotating direction

0 Positioning block to start position:

of machining cycle.

Error messages The absence of a tool call is indicated by

= TOOL CALL MISSING =.

The absence of the spindle rotating direction

is indicated by

= SPINDLE ROTATES MISSING =.

Dimensioning Specification of dimensions within the cycle defi-

nition are always referenced to the starting

position of the tool and are always incremental.

The m-key does not have to be pressed!

t”

Y!!$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .--...* .-- ..,,

P84

Canned cycles

Co-ordinate transformations

Gefle~~l

Co-ordinate transformations alter the co-ordinate

system which was determined with the work-

piece zero. These cycles are effective immediate-

ly after the definition and a cycle call is therefore

unnecessary

Cancellation

of a cycle

Co-ordinate transformations remain active until

they are canceiled. This can be done either with

a new cycle definltlon-with which the original

condition is programmed-or with the auxiliary

function M02. M30 or with the block

END PGM.. MM (depending on the entered

machine parameter 173).

P85 I

Entry data

Advanced stop

P88

Canned cycles

Peck-drilling

Set-up clearance: Distance between tool tip

(starting position) and workpiece surface.

Arithmetical sign:

0 in positive axis direction +

0 in negative axis direction -

Total hole depth: Distance between workpiece

surface and base of hole (tip of drill-taper).

See safety clearance for arithmetical sign.

Pecking depth: Depth of single penetration dur-

ing pecking action.

See safety clearance for arithmetical sign.

Dwell time: Duration of tool standstill time upon

reaching the total hole depth for chip breaking.

Feed rate: Feed speed of tool axis during opera-

tion.

From the starting position, the tool penetrates

the work for the first pecking depth at the pro-

grammed feed rate. After reaching the first

pecking depth, the tool is retracted to the starting

position in rapid and then makes a new plunge

taking the advanced stop distance into account.

The tool makes a further penetration by the

pecking depth and then retracts again etc.

Pecking action is repeated until the programmed

hole depth is reached. At the end of the cycle

and after duration of the dwell time, the tool

returns to the starting position.

The advanced stop distance t is automatically

determined by the control:

0 with a drilling depth of up to 30 mm:

t = 0.6 mm

0 with a drilling depth exceeding 30 mm the

following formula applies:

t = drilling depth/50 whereby the max. dis-

tance is limited to 7 mm:

t

“ax = 7 mm.

Canned cycles

Peck-drilling

Cycle definition Operating mode

q

Dialogue initiation

CYCL DEF.l PECKING

Enter cycle into memory

TOTAL HOLE DEPTH? Kl

Key-in hole depth.

8 Key-in correct sign.

Enter into memory

PECKING DEPTH?

Key-in pecking depth.

8 Key-in correct sign.

Enter into memory.

DWELL TIME IN SECONDS?

Key-in dwell time at hole base.

Enter into memory

‘5 Key-in feed rate for pecking.

Enter into memory

P87

Remarks

Display example

Canned cycles

Peck-drilling

110 CYCL DEF 1.0 PECKING

111 CYCL DEF 1.1 SET-UP -2,000

1 I2 CYCL DEF I.2 DEPTH - 30,000

I I3 CYCL DEF 1.3 PECKG -20,000

I I4 CYCL DEF 1.4 DWELL -0,000

I I5 CYCL DEF I.5 F80

The pecking cycle allocates 6 program blocks

set-up clearance

Total hole depth

Pecking depth

Dwell time

Feed rate

P89 I

The cycle

Entry data

Procedure

P90

Canned cycles

Tapping

The chuck must be able to compensate for the

tolerances between the feed rate and the rotating

speed as well as the deceleration in spindle rota-

tion.

A

chuck with length compensation

is neces-

sary for the tapping cycle.

After

a

cycle call,

the spindle override

becomes ineffective

and

the feed rate

override

is only active within

a limited range.

The limits have been set bv the machine tool

builder via parameters.

Set-up clearance: (see cycle

1)

(approx. value: ca. 4 x thread pitch)

Total hole depth (= .thread length):

Distance

between the workpiece surface and end of the

thread. See set-up clearance for sign.

Dwell time:

Duration between change of

spindle rotation and retraction of tool

Feed rate:

Penetration speed during thread cut.

ting.

The thread is cut in one operation. When the tool

reaches the

total hole depth,

the direction of

spindle rotation is changed after a duration

which has already been programmed within the.

machine parameters. After the programmed

dwell time

has ellapsed, the tool is retracted to

the starting position.

Spindle

rotating

direction

Feed rate

Canned cycles

Tapping

cycle

definition Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

CYCL DEF 2 TAPPING

Enter cycle into memory.

SET-UP? CLEARANCE?

‘C

Key-in set-up clearance.

q

Key-in correct sign.

8 ‘Enter into memory

TOTAL HOLE DEPTH?

Key-in thread depth.

q

Key-in correct sign.

Enter into memory.

Key-in dwell time between spindle

,g

rotation change-over and rotation.

Enter into memory.

FEED RATE? F = K

Enter calculated feed rate.

Enter into memory

Display example

80 CYCL DEF 2.0 TAPPING

81 CYCL DEF 2.1 SET-UP -2,000

82 CYCL DEF 2.2 DEPTH -30,000

83 CYCL DEF 2.3 DWELL 0,000

84 CYCL DEF 2.4 F 180

The cycle definition Yapping” allocates

blocks

Set-up clearance

Total hole depth

Dwell time

5 program ’

Feed rate

Canned cycles

Slot milling

The cycle

“Slot milling” is a combined rough/fine cut cycle.

The slot is parallel to an axis of the current co-

ordinate system which may have to be rotated if

necessary. (see cycle IO. Co-ordinate system

rotationi.

Entry data Set-up clearance: see

cycle 1

Milling depth (= deptlh of slot):

Distance

between workpiece surface and base of slot.

Arithmetical sign - see set-up clearance.

Pecking depth:

Depth of plunge when

penetrating workpiece Arithmetical sign -

see set-up clearance.

Feed rate for pecking:

Feed rate when tool

penetrates workpiece.

First side length:

Finished length of slot.

The programmed sign must correspond to the

milling direction:

If milling is in the positive direction when com-

mencing from the starting position:

positive sign.

If milling is in the negative direction when corn

mencing from the starting position:

negative s,gn.

Second side length:

Finished slot width. The

sign is always positive.

Feed rate:

Feed rate of tool motion in the work-

ing plane.

Second

side

length

Procedure Rough cut cycle:

From the

starting position,

the tool wznetrates the workDiece. The slot is

then milled in the length dir&ion. After the next

peck, the slot is milled in the opposite direction.

The procedure is repeated until the programmed

milling depth

is reached.

P92

Procedure

Canned cycles

Slot milling

Fine cut milling: The control positions the mil-

ling cutter in the transverse direction at the base

of the slot for the final finish cut of the contour in

down-cut milling.

If the number of pecks was odd. the tool returns

to the starting position at the set-up height.

Starting

position The starting position for the slot milling cycle

must be positioned exactly; taking the tool radius

Into account.

Contour approach The slot is approached at right-angles to the

with a linear inter- length direction with tool path offset RL/RR and

polation block auxiliaw function M98.

Approach with The slot is approached in the length direction

a single axis with tool radius compensation R-/R+.

positioning block

Fine cut milling

P9:

Remarks

Canned cycles

Slot milling

cycle

definition Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

CYCL DEF 3 SLOT MILLING

mm

)B

Enter cycle into memory

I

SET-UP CLEARANCE?

Key-in set-up

clearance.

Key-in correct sign.

@

Enter into memory

MILLING DEPTH?

Key-in milling depth.

q

Key-in correct sign.

5 Enter into memory

PECKING DEPTH? Kl

Key-in pecking depth.

E Key-in correct sign.

E Enter into memory

FEED RATE FOR PECKING? b0

Key-in feed rate tool penetration.

Enter into memory.

FIRST SIDE LENGTH?

Key-in slot length.

Key-in correct sign.

@

Enter into memory.

P95

Remarks

P96

Canned cycles

Slot milling

Display example

SECOND SIDE LENGTH?

Specify axis for slot width, e.g. Y.

ij Key-in slot width with positive sign.

Enter into memory

FEED RATE? F =

‘f

Key-in feed rate for milling of slot.

E3 Enter into memory

100 CYCL DEF 3.0 SLOT MILLING

The slot milling cycle allocates 7 program blocks

101 CYCL DEF 3.1 SET-UP -2,000

set-up clearance

102 CYCL DEF 3.2 DEPTH -40,000

Milling depth

103 CYCL DEF 3.3 PECKING -20,000

Pecking depth

F80

Feed rate for pecking

104 CYCL DEF 3.4 X - 120,000

Length of slot

105 CYCL DEF 3.5 Y + 21,000

Width of slot

106 CYCL DEF 3.6 FlOO

Feed rate

P97 ,

Canned cycles

Pocket milling

The cycle

Entry data

Procedure

The pocket milling cycle can be performed as a

rough cut

or

fine cut

cycle. Sides of the pocket

are located parallel to the axes of the current co-

ordinate system. If necessary, the co-ordinate

system is to be rotated (see cycle 10 “co-ordin-

ate system rotationw)

Set-up clearance: see cycle 1

Milling depth:

(= depth of pocket): Distance

between the workpiece surface and the base of

the pocket.

See set-up clearance for sign.

Pecking depth:

Penetration depth of tool.

See set-up clearance for sign.

Feed rate for pecking:

Feed rate when tool

penetrates workpiece.

First side length:

Length of pocket parallel to

the first main axis in the working plane. The sign

is always positive.

Second side length:

Width of pocket. The sign

is also positive.

Feed rate:

Feed rate of tool motion in the work-

ing plane.

Rotation:

Rotation direction of cutter path.

DR+: positive rotation (counter-clockwise):

down-cut milling

DR-: negative rotation (clockwise):

up-cut milling

L

The tool penetrates the work at the

starting

position

(centre of pocket). The milling tool then

follows the path as indicated. The starting direc-

tion of the tool path is the positive axis direction

of the longest side. i.e. if the longest side is

parallel to the X-axis, the tool will move in the

positive X-direction.

Second

side

length ’

First side length -I

Canned tiycles

Pocket milling

When milling rectangular pockets, the tool

always starts in the positive Y-direction. The

rotating direction depends on the

rotation

which

has been programmed (here DR+). The stepover

distance is always k (or less).

The procedure is repeated until the programmed

milling depth is reached. Finally, the tool is

retracted to the starting position.

stepover

The control calculates the stepover k according

to the following formula:

k=Kx R

k: stepover

K: Factor defined by machine tool builder (via

machine parameter)

R: Radius of mill

P99 i

,.,.

Canned cycles

Pocket milling

Cydl?

definition Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

: Q~ljP~~?#Q&rIjQE~; :. :,, :: ~~

Key-in set-up clearance.

5 Key-in correct sign.

Enter into memory.

+/-

8

Key-in correct sign.

@ Enter into memory.

FEED W?J$ FOR~PbCJNG?

Key-in feed rate for tool penetration.

q

Enter into memory

k-l@ST~~:S;D~~~&~NOtCl$

I ’ .~ ~ ) q

Specify axis of first side

5

,ength .,lx,

Key-in first side length with

&

positive sign.

Enter into memory.

~ @#,$fj,,J@~~~~ :&.j@“.j) ~’ ‘:,:- ”

-“~! ’ e

Specify axis of second side

length e.g. Y.

u

Key-in second side length with

positive sign.

El Enter into memory.

-,

PlOl

Remarks

P102

Display example

Canned cycles

Pocket milling

FEED RATE? F = m

Key-in feed rate for milling of pocket.

Enter into memory

ROTATION CLOCKWISE: DR-?

Key-in tool path rotation.

Enter into memory.

250 CVCL DEF 4.0 POCKET MILLING

251 CVCLDEF 4.1 SET-UP-2,000

252 CVCL DEF 4.2 DEPTH -30,000

253 CVCL DEF 4.3 PECKING -10,000

F80

254 CVCL DEF 4.4 X +80,000

255 CVCL DEF 4.5 V +40x)00

258 CVCL DEF 4.8 F 100 DR+

The cycle definition pocket milling

allocates 7 program blocks

Set-up clearance

Milling depth

Pecking depth

Feed rate for pecking

First side length

Second side length,

Feed rate/Path rotation

P103

i

The cycle

Entry data

i

Procedure

Canned cycles

Circular pocket milling

The circular pocket cycle is a rough cut and

fine cut cycle.

Set-up clearance: see cycle 1.

Milling depth: (= depth of pocket): Distance

between workpiece surface and base of pocket.

See set-up clearance for sign.

Pecking depth: Penetration depth of tool.

See set-up clearance for sign.

Feed rate for pecking: Feed rate when tool

penetrates workpiece.

Circle radius: Radius of circular pocket.

Feed rate: Feed rate of tool motion in the work-

ing plane.

Rotation: Rotating direction of cutter path

DR+: positive rotation (countwclockwise):

down-cut milling

DR-: negative rotation (clockwise);

up-cut milling

The tool penetrates the work at the starting

position (centre of pocket). The cutter then folL

lows a spiral-shaped path, the rotation of which,

depends on the oroarammed rotation (here

DPi+).

_

The starting direction of the cutter is

0 the Y+direction for the X. Y-Diane

l

the X+direction for the X. Z-&e

0 the Z+direction for the Y. Z-plane

P104

Canned cycles

Circular pocket milling

Procedure

The stepover distance is max. ‘k” (see cycle

“Pocket milling”)

The orocedure is repeated until the uroarammed

n&g depth

is rexhed.

Finally. the tool is retracted to the starting posi

tion.

P105 /

Remarks

PI06

Canned cycles

Circular pocket milling

Cyde

definition Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

CYbL DEF 5 CIRCULAR POCKET

Enter cycle into memory

SET-UP CLEARANCE?

Key-in set-up clearances

8 Key-in correct sign.

Enter into memory

MILLING DEPTH?

‘P

Key-in milling depth.

g Key-in correct sign.

q

Enter into memory.

I

Key-in pecking depth.

q

Key-in correct sign.

Enter into memory

I

I I

FEED RATE FOR PECKING? Kl

Key-in feed rate for tool penetration.

5 Enter into memory

CIRCLE RADIUS? b0

Key-in radius of pocket.

Enter into memory

FEED RATE? F =

Key-in feed rate for milling.

Enter into memory.

I I

P107

Canned cycles

Circular pocket milling

ROTATION CLOCKWISE: DR-? ‘)B

Key-in rotation for tool path.

Enter into memory

Display example

40 CYCL DEF 5.0 CIRCULAR POCKET

41 CYCL DEF 5.1 SET-UP -2,000

42 CYCL DEF 5.2 DEPTH -60,000

43 CYCL DEF 5.3 PECKING -20,000

F60

44 CYCL DEF 5.4 RADIUS -120,000

45 CYCL DEF 5.5- FlOO DR-

The cycle definition circular pocket

allocates 6 program blocks.

Set-up clearance

Milling depth

Pecking depth

Feed rate for pecking

Radius of pocket

Feed rate/Rotating direction

PI09 j

Canned cylces

Datum shift

The cycle

Datum shift

Incremental/

Absolute

Cancellation of

a datum shift

This cycle is for displacement of the workpiece

datum to another location within the co-ordinate

system. Machining procedures such as slot mil-

ling or pocket milling can be performed at diffe-

rent locations on the job without having to ra-

program.

Datum shift, only requires the entry of the new

co-ordinates for the datum. The co-ordinate

system with its X, Y, i! and

IV-axes

is then re-

located about the new datum. All subsequent co-

ordinate entries are then related to the new

datum.

Co-ordinates can be entered with the cycle defi-

nition as follows:

0

Absolute:

Co-ordinates of the new datum

are referenced to the original datum.

(= workpiece datum originally set @I-

@

Incremental:

Co-ordinates of the new datum

are referenced to the datum which was last

valid. The last datum can also be a shifted

datum.

A datum shift is cancelled as follows:

0 Entry of an absolute datum shift with the

co-ordinates X 0.000/Y 0.00012 O.OOO/

IV 0.000:

0 Entry of auxiliary function MOZ. M30 or the

block END PGM MM (depending on the

machine parameter entered).

Incremental

1

PllO

Canned cycles

Datum shift

cycle

definition Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

DATUM SHIFT?

With datum shift, numerical

values can be allocated to

all axea X, Y, 2. IV.

‘gl

Select axis, e.g. X

El Incremental-Absolute?

5 Key-in co-ordinates of new datum

CYCL DEF 7 DATUM SHIFT

Enter cycle into memory

After keying-in co-ordinates

of new datum: Enter into memory.

Display example

10 CYCL DEF 7.0 DATUM SHIFT

11 CYCL DEF 7.1 X +20,000

12 CYCL DEF 7.2 Y + TO.000

13 CYCL DEF 7.3 i! + 10,000

-14 CYCL DEF 7.4 C +90,000

The cycle definition “datum shift’ allocates

5 program blocks.

Plll /

Canned cycles

Mirror image

The cycle

Mirror

image axis

Machining

direction

Zero datum

Cancellation of

mirror image

When mirror imaging an axis at the zero datum.

the direction of the axis is changed and the arith-

metical signs of all co-ordinates are reversed.

The result is a programmed contour or hole pat-

tern in a mirror (or reflected) image. Mirror

image is only possible in the working plane.

either by reversing one axis or both simulta-

n6YXlSly.

Mirror image programming requires the entry of

the axis or axes to be reversed. The co-ordinates

of the respective axis are then reversed within

the program.

If the tool axis has been inadvertently mirror

imaged, the following error message is dis-

played:

= MIRROR IMAGE ON TOOL AXIS =

Mirror image in one axis:

The machining direc-

tion is also reversed when the signs of the co-

ordinates have been reversed. If a contour was

originally milled in a counter-clockwise direction,

the mirror image will affect clockwise milling.

The machining direction is. however. maintained

for canned cycles.

Mirror image in

two

axes:

The contour which

has been mirror imaged in one axis is subjected

to further mirror imaging in a second axis. The

machining direction is reversed once again, i.e.

the original direction therefore remains.

When programming, care should be taken that

the co-ordinate axis for mirror imaging lies exact-

ly between the mirrored contour and the contour

which is to be mirror imaged. If necessary, a

datum shift should be programmed before the

cycle defmltlon.

The mirror image cycle can be cancelled as fol-

lows:

0 Entry of the mirror image cycle using

q

as the response to the dialogue questIons.

0 Entry of auxiliary function M02. M30,or the

block END PGM.. MM (depending on the

machine parameter entered).

Counter clockwise

f

Clockwise

Clockwise I County clockwise

P112

Canned cycles

Mirror image

Cydl?

definition Operating mode ~

Dialogue initiation

CYCL DEF 8 MIRROR IMAGE Enter cycle into memory

MIRROR IMAGE AXIS?

If mirror imaging is

simultaneous in two axes:

NE Key-in axis to be mirror imaged.

5 Key-in se&d axis, e.g. Y.

Enter axes into memory and

terminate entry routine.

Display example The cycle definition “mirror image” allocates 2

P113

The cycle

Entry range

Co-ordinate

system rotation

and datum shift

~ Cancellation of

co-ordinate

: system rotation

Canned cycles

Co-ordinates system rotation

The co-ordinate system of the working plane can

be rotated about the zero datum within a pro-

gram.

This is convenient e.g. for the milling of repetitive

pockets, the sides of which, are not parallel to

the original co-ordinate axes.

The rotation is entered by programming the

rota-

tion angle ROT.

The rotation angle is always referenced to the

zero datum of the co-ordinate system - the

centre of rotation - and the reference

axis

for

absolute programming is

0 + X-axis

for the X

Y-plane

0 + Y-axis

for the

Y, Z-plane

0 + Z-axis

for the

2, X-plane

All co-ordinate entries which follow the rotation

are then referenced to the datum and the rotated

co-ordinate system.

The rotation angle may also be entered incre-

mentally.

The rotation angle is entered in degrees (“).

Entry range: from 360° to + 360°

The co-ordinate system rotation cycle can be

combined with the datum shift cycle by simply

programming them consecutively. A simultane

ous shift and rotation of the co-ordinate system

is therefore made possible.

The co-ordinate system rotation cycle can be

cancelled as follows:

0 Rotation entn/ with an angle O0 (ROT 0)

0 Entry of auxiliary function MO2 M30 or the

block END PGM MM (depending on the

machine parameter entered).

R114

Canned cycles

Co-ordinate system rotation

Cyde

definition Operating mode

Dialogue initiation -

CYCL DEF 10 ROTATION

Enter cycle into memory

ROTATION?

Key-in rotational angle.

Enter into memory

Display example

184 CYCL DEF 10.0 ROTATION

The cycle definition “co-ordinate system rotation”

allocates 2 program blocks

185 CYCL DEF lO.‘l ROT +45,000

Rotational angle in (O)

PI15 I

Canned cycles

Scaling

The cycle Contours within the working plane can be

increased or decreased in size.

Geometrically similar shapes can be machined

without reprogramming. and the control can

take e.g. shrinkage dimensions into account.

Scaling

factor For increase or decrease in sizes. a scaling factor

SCL has to be programmed. The control multi-

plies all co-ordinates and radii-within the working

plane-which are executed with the cycle.

Entry range: 0 to 99.999999

ILocation of

zero datum With increase or decrease of a contour size, the

position of the co-ordinate system datum

remains the same. If a scaled contour is required

at another location, a datum shift or a co-ordi-

nate system rotation must be programmed befo-

rehand.

Before programming a scaling factor, it is advis-

able to set the datum at the corner-point of a

contour. This saves calculation work.

Cancelling of the The scaling cycle can be cancelled as follows:

scaling factor 0 Entry of a scaling cycle with factor 1.0

0 Entry of auxiliary function MOZ. M30 or the

block END PGM MM (depending on the

machine parameter entered).

Y

t

Example (X, Y-plane)

Decrease by scaling

*D- factor 0.5

Example (X, Y-plane)

Increase size and shift

Y t Scali y,,actor 2.0 ,

PI16

Canned cycles

Scaling

cycle

definition Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

CYCL DEF 11 SCALING

m pj

Enter cycle into memory.

FACTOR?

Display example

12 CYCL DEF 11.0 SCALING

The scaling cycle allocates 2 program blocks

13 CYCL DEF 11.1 SCL 0.750000

By entering the scaling factor 0.75, all subsequent

dimensions are decreased in size by 0.75.

I

The cycle

Entry range

Canned cycles

Dwell time

A dwell time can be used within a program to

pause the feed whilst the spindle is still running

e.g. for chip breaking during internal boring.

The dwell time cycle is performed immediately

after the cycle definition.

The dwell time is entered in seconds.

Entry range: 0.000 s - 19999.999 s

j R118

CyIAe

definition

Display example

Canned cycles

Dwell time

Operating mode iE

Dialogue initiation

CYCL DEF 9 DWELL TIME

Enter cycle into memory

DWELL TIME IN SECS.

‘P

Key-in reqd. dwell time.

Enter into memory.

97 CYCL DEF 9.0 DWELL TIME

98 CYCL DEF 9.1 DWELL 10,000

1

The dwell time cycle allocates

‘2 program blocks.

Canned cycles

Freely programmable cycles (Program call)

The cycle

The “program call” cycle permits simple call-up

of programs (with CYC- CALL M89 and M99)

which have been compiled with the aid of para-

meter functions, e.g. zig-zag milling. These freely

programmable cycles therefore have the same

status as pre-programmed canned cycles.

; P120

Canned cycles

Freely programmable cycles (Program call)

Cycle

definition Operating mode ~

Dialogue initiation -

CYCL DEF 12 PGM: CALL )B

Enter cycle into memory

PROGRAM NUMBER?

Key-in program number

Enter into memory

Display example

5 CYCL DEF 12.0 PGM CALL

6 CYCL DEF 12.1 PGM 23

The cycle which has been called-up is

programmed within program number 23

/

I

P121 :

Programm editing

Editing

Block

Cdl-UP

Program

paging

Block word

editing

Editing deals with the checking, amendment and

extension of a program.

Editing functions permit easy search and correct

tion of program blocks and words via simple

key-in.

A certain block is addressed with the w

q

-key.

Block-to-block paging

a pi -keys.

is performed with the

Jump to next lowest block number

Jump to next highest block number

Then mm keys are used for setting a cursor

in reversed video - withiri the current block.

The cursor is set to the word which is to be

edited.

GOT0

cl

ml

P122

Program editing

Block call-up

Block call-up Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

GOTO: NUMBER =

Key-in block number.

Enter into memory

Editing block Operating mode El

words

A word within the current block

is to be edited: Set cursor to word for editing.

A dialogue question is displayed e.g

COORDINATES?

If editing is final&d:

Enter block into memory

)pFJ (or shift cursor-out of screen-

to the right or left).

If a further word is to be edited: Set cursor to word for editing.

PI2

Cycle definition

or part program

deletion

Inserting a

block

Editing during

programming

PI24

Program editing

Deletion and insertion of blocks

The current block within a program can be

erased by pressingB.

DEL = abbreviation for -delete’

Block deletion is only possible in them-mode.

When erasing single blocks, care should be

taken that only the current block is being erased.

It is advisable to call-up the block by its number.

After deletion. the block with the next-lowest

block number shifts into the location of the

erased block.

Subsequent block numbers are automatically

shifted.

When deleting a cycle definition or a program

part, the last block of the definition or program

part is called-up. Them-key is then pressed

repeatedly until all the blocks of the definition or

program part have been erased.

New blocks can be inserted at any desired loca-

tion within the program. Only the block which

immediately follows the location of insertion is

called-up. Subsequent block numbers are auto-

matically shifted.

If the storage capacity of the program memory is

exceeded, the following error is displayed:

= PROGRAM MEMORY EXCEEDED =

This errcx also appears if it is attempted to insert

a block subsequent to the END-block of the pro-

gram (Program end is shown in the current

block).

Entry errors during programming can be amend-

ed in three ways:

Entry value is erased and 7” appears.

The entry value is completely erased.

DEL

0

Program amendments

Block deletion

Deleting a

block Operating mode

The current program block is to be deleted. )

q

Press for deletion

Program editing

Search routines

Clear program

Searching for Blocks containing certain addresses can be

certain addresses easily found by using the paging keyspi m.

The cursor is set to the word with the search

blocks are displayed which contain the word

address being searched for.

The search routine is only possible in the 9

17

mode.

Clearing a The m-key initiates the dialogue for clearing

complete program the program.

On pressing this key, the program menu IS

displayed in inverted characters. The cursor can

beshiftedwiththemmmm-keys.

Only the program to which the cursor has been

set, can be erased.

~ PI26

Program editing

Search routines

Clear program

Finding certain Operating mode w

search addresses

All blocks containing the address M

are to be displayed:

El

Set cursor to a word

with the search address.

Clearing Operating mode M

a program m

Dialogue initiation

CLEAR PROGRAM = ENTIEND = NOENT

If the program is to be cleared:

Do not clear program

or terminate clear program-routine.

Program

test

Stopping the

test run

PI28

Program Test

Before machining, the program can be subjected

to a test for geometrical errors. without machine

movement. The control calculates the program

sequence as per a normal program run.

The program test is interrupted with an error

message.

the program test.

A test run can be stopped at any point by

pressing@.

Ll

*

3

El

STOP

Program test

Starting a Operating mode

q

program test

TO BLOCK NUMBER =

Test to be executed until a certain

block number:

Test complete program,

Key-in block number..

Enter into memory

P129 ;

Graphics*

Blank form definition

Graphic image Machining programs can be graphically simula

ted on the VDU-screen. For checking the

machining program. the production of a work-

piece can be displayed. The machine remains

stationary during graphics display.

The workpiece blank is always displayed as a

cuboid (if this is not the case. the workpiece-

blank has to be programmed separately).

Definition of To obtain a workpiece image in graphics, the

the “blank form” shape of the blank form must be defined, i.e.

l

its position in relation to the co-ordinate

system

and

l

the programming of its dimensions.

The specification of two corner positions is

sufficient for definition of the cuboid. These are

referred to as the minimum point (PMIN) and

maximum point (PMAX) (points with the mini-

mum and maximum co-ordinates).

PMIN may only be entered in absolute dimen-

sions, whereas PMAX may be entered either

absolute or incremental!

The blank form data is stored within the appro-

priate machining program and is available when

the program is selected.

Definition of the cuboid is advisable at the

beginning of the program. This enables the BLK

FORM-blocks to be found more rapidly when

changing the sizes of the blank.

Dialogue, is initiated with the ELK -key.

w

BLK FORM = abbreviation for BLANK FORM (ini

tial shape of the blank)

The maximum overall dimensions of the

‘blank are 14000 mm x 14000 mm x 14000 mm.

*The graphics feature is only available with the

TNC 155.versions.

~ P130

GraDhics

Cub’oid corner points - BLANK FORM

Entry of Operating mode ~

corner points

Dialogue initiation _

q

WORKING SPINDLE AXIS WY/z?

Key-in spindle axis.

-

Display example

DEF BLK FORM: MIN-CORNER?

5

E

5

E

DEF BLK FORM: MAX-CORNER? ,a

Key-in numerical value for

X-co-ordinate.

Enter into memory

Key-in numerical value for

Y-co-ordinate.

Enter into memory

Key-in numerical value for

Z-co-ordinate.

Enter into memory

Incremental/Absolute?

Key-in numerical value for

X-co-ordinate.

Enter into memory.

Incremental/Absolute?

Key-in numerical value for

Y-co-ordinate.

Enter into memory

Incremental/Absolute?

Key-in numerical value for

Z-co-ordinate.

Enter into memory

1 DEF BLK FORM MIN X+ 0,000

Y + 0,000 2 - 15,000

2 DEF BLK FORM MAX X +BO.OOO

Y +100,000 z + 0,000

The blank is positioned parallel to the main axes.

P~li\l has the co-ordinates X0. YO. Z - 15.

PMAX has the co-ordinates X80. YlOO. ZO.

PI31 ~

Graphics

Image projections

Operating mode

A machining proqram can be graphically dis- I

Gkphics-

played in the’op&ting modes.

‘and

I

+) PROGRAM RUN/FULL SEQUENCE

0

@ PROGRAM RUN/SINGLE BLOCK

Graphics display is only possible if the program

is stored within the memory

A menu showing the types of image projections

which are available is called-up by pressing the

m-key

twice.

Then m-k y e s are used for setting the cursor

to the required projection mode. Press H for

transfer into memory.

GRAPHICS

BLK

FORM

11

MAGN START

Image

projection

These are four types of image projection.

I 3D-View

Program execution is display in a three-dimen-

sional image. The workpiece can be rotated

about the vertical axis by pressing

HoOr

tilted about the horizontal axis by pressing

q - 0

The attitude of the co-ordinate system is indi-

cated by an angle in the top left-hand comer of

the screen (working plane).

View in

three planes

Program execution is displayed with a plan view

and two &oss-sections, similar to a working

drawing. The sectional planes can be shifted with

the H

q q

a-keys.

As of software version 06:

The view in three planes can be switched from

the standard DIN-projection to the U.S.-standard

third angle projection. A symbol to DIN 6 indi-

cates the projection as follows:

DIN-standard w

U.S.-standard w

PI32

Graphics

Image projections

Plan view 1 The program is executed in a plan view with 5

grades of depth shading. The darker - the

deeper.

Plan view 2 As per plan view 1, however with 17 grades of

depth shading. The image resolution in the

other two axes is however. less suwrior.

r

Fast image

generation A finished workpiece can be displayed on the

Screen after fast image data processing.

The control “develops’ the workpiece in accor-

dance with the program without displaying the

various stages of progress.

Only the blobk number is displayed.

PI3

3

Graphics

Operatior

1

start

After selecting the required graphics mode, pro-

gram run is started by pressing H.

stop

Graphics simulation can be stopped at any time

by pressing STOP. The current block is however,

0

cornDIeted.

Reset to

blank form

After stopping graphics program run. the dis-

played workpiece can be reset to the blank form

(original cuboid) by pressing

q .

L

P134

Graphics

Graphics start

Starting of Operating mode ~

graphics r

Select required progmm.

Select graphics mode.

Set cmor to required projection.

e.g. 3D-view

Start graphics sequence.

P135

Remarks

P136

Graphics

Graphics start

Graphics stop/

start

Stop graphics sequence.

Re-start graphics sequence. bEi+

Remarks

P138

Graphics

View in three planes

Shifting the

sectional planes

Shift horizontal section cursor

e.g. upwards:

or move section cursor continuously.

Repeated pressing of the @-key enables

0

faster shifting of the section cursor.

Stop shifting.

-

Shift vertical section cursor e.a. I

towards the right:

Either press El several times or move section

cursor continuously. g

Repeated pressing of the @-key enables faster

q

shifting of the section cursor.

P139

GraDhics

Viei in three planes

Start graphics sequence

P140

Graphics

3D-View

Rotation

and

tilting

L

Stop graphics sequence.

Tilt image, e.g. upwards. bob

Rotate image. e.g. to the right.

Start graphics sequence.

P141.

Graphics

Magnify

Magnifying The magnifying function is used for enlarging any

function desired detail of the workpiece.

q

MAGN

Limitation of A workpiece detail is limited by means of cuboid

workpiece detail frame which appears in the ti&eft-hand comer

Definition of

next limit

Entry of

selected detail

of the screen after pressing WGN

u

The hatched face can be shifted left and right (or

forwards/reverse. upwards/downwards) with the

mm-ken

&%&s shifting is perform&with thea

key and stopped by pressing m

The next limit (right-hand face) is defined with

0.

By doing this, all faces can be selected and shift

ed one at a time.

The 0 + -key enables a return-jump to the

previous face.

After defining the last limiting face (upper face),

the detail can be entered by repressing

and finally H. 0 +

The display then shows an enlarged cuboid

blank of the detail. The magnified detail, com-

plete with contour is obtained with a graphics

run start in any one of the normal graphics

modes.

Graphics

Magnify

Limitation of

detail and

magnification

Stop shifting and enter

I

-

Select next limiting face (right)

P143

Graphics

Magnify

Once the last face. has. been shifted

(upper face):

TRANSFER GRAPHICS DETAIL mlb

I

Workpiece execution is simulated.

The display only shows the detail

which has been defined.

P144

,-

“.

,-

,._

.,.

,-

.

,,..

,-

-

_.I

-

.

-

,-

-

.,.

,..

.

-

,,

-

.

-

.

-

Program run

Modes

Program run/

full sequence

Program run/

Single block

Feed rate

Spindle speed

I P146

In the operating mode “program run/full

-

sequence” 3 the control executes the pro-

u

gram automatically uni:il program end. Program

run is only interrupted if a “stop” has been pro-

grammed. Only in this case. does program run

have to be r-started.

In the operating mode “program run/single

block- @ the contra executes the stored pm

0

gram block by block. After execution of each

block. program run mL#st be re-started.

The programmed feed rate can be altered

0 via the internal feed rate override and/or

0 via the external fead rate override of the

machine.

This depends however. on how the control has

been adapted to the rrlachine by the machine

tool builder.

With analogue output, spindle speeds can be

varied via the spindle override.

INTERNAL

FEED RATE

(OVERRIDE)

SPINDLE

(OVERRIDE)

EXTERNAL

FEED RATE

OVERRIDE

KNOB

Program run

Start

Starting

program run/

Single block

Operating mode Ei

The first program block The first program block

is displayed. is displayed. Execute first block. Execute first block.

The second program block

is displayed. Execute second block.

Starting

program run/

full sequence

Operating mode -

The first program block

is displayed.

Execute full program.

The control executes the program until a pro-

grammed stop or program end.

P147 I

Program

rum

Interruption and Termination

lnterru~tion If the control is in the GA-mode ioroaram run/ i

0

r.1 ” ”

full sequence or HJ -mode (program run/single

block), the program can be interrupted at any

time by pressing the external stop button. Pro-

gram interruption is indicated by a flashing *

character (means control in operation) in the dis-

play.

krmination Before switching over to another mode. program

run must be interrupted and terminated (excep-

tion: program execution with background pro-

gramming.

This is performed with the external stop-button

and the stop-key of the control. With interruption,

the *-character disappears

Upon termination, the following program data are

stored:

l

Tool last called-up

0 Co-ordinate transformations: datum shift,

mirror image. co-ordinate system rotation.

scaling

0 Circle centre/Pole CC last valid

l

Canned cycle last defined

0 Current status of program part repeats

0 Return jump address with subprograms

r

ISTOP

L

OTO

0

P148

Program run

Interruption and termination

Interruption of

program run

Operating mode

The running program is to be

interrupted: Interrupt program run

The display character * flashes (control in Opel

ration).

Termination of Operating mode ~

program run

The running program is to be terminated: Terminate program run

pj Interrupt program run

Display of the * -character ceases.

PI49 :

Program run

Interruption and termination

Emergency stop In an emergency situation, the machine and the

control can be switched off by pressing one of

the emergency stop buttons. This is displayed by

the control with

= EMERGENCY STOP =

For a new switch-on, the emergency stop button

must be turned clockwise. Switch power on

again and cancel display message by pressing

backing-off the tool. operation may

Changeover from If program run/full sequence 3 has been

n

r

“full &quence

to single block” selected, a changeover to single block operation

0,

8> IS possible during program run. After execu-

tion of the current block, program run is ended.

Changeover during subprograms or program part

repeats takes place when the call-up or number

of repetitions has been completed.

~ PI50

Re-entry

Program run

Re-entry after terniination

A program can be re-started after an interruption

or termination. To prevent workpiece damage,

the

following provisions

must be made:

0

the

tool

must

move

to the

position

it was at

prior to interruption:

l

the program must be re-started with the

block

in which interruption took place:

0 if the tool has been changed due to a

tool

break,

the new

tool data

(tool definition)

must be entered and the tool is then re-called

in the MDI-mode. The workpiece must then

be touched again by the tool.

Error messages

If:

0 the program has been paged after interruptlon

- -.

0 no block has been addressed with

q ,

l

the program has not been restarted at the

block which was interrupted.

the following error is displayed:

= SELECTED BLOCK NOT ADDRESSED =

Remedy

The block which was in~terrupted is to be add,

ressed by

0 pressing /@? and enteri ng the block number.

TOOLDEFAL... TO&I.

DEFAL...

R . . . Q...

= SELECTED BLOCK NOT ADDRESSED =

or

PI51

Program run

Re-entry

If. after interruption of program run. a block is

inserted

or

erased, the

cycle definition

last dis-

played is no longer active. With a new start, the

following error is displayed before the cyle call:

= CYCL INCOMPLETE =

The last cycle definition must be executed before

the cycle call. Addressing of the cycle definition

must be made with the mkev!

If program is re-started:

0 with an amended incremental block or

0 with a positioning block with only one co

ordination or

0 within a canned cycle.

the following error is displayed

= PROGRAM START UNDEFINED =

Either the program must be amended correspon-

dingly, or a previous block is to be addressed via

q .

= CYCL INCOMPLETE =

= PROGRAM START UNDEFINED = I

Program run with background programming

SCWX?ll

display

The control permits execution of a programm via

E!

> and simultaneous entry or editing of a

further program in the k&ode.

The program to be executed must be called-up

and started (operating modes 1 ).-Afterwards.

c q

: the program which is to be compiled in the 9

mode (or already stored), is defined and called

see “Program call”.

SCPSll

display

Program entry is shown in the upper half of the

screen and program run is displayed in the lower

half. Contrary to the normal display for program

run, only the program number and the current

block is displayed. Position data and status dis-

plays (active cycles for co-ordinate transforma-

tions, tool. spindle rpm, feed rate and auxiliary

function) are displayed as normal.

r

PI5

,_. -..

Single axis machining

Programming via axis address keys

Dialogue

initiation

Entry of single axis positioning blocks can be

simplified:

Entry dialogue is immediately initiated with the

axis address keys~](yl~~~l.

r

Nominal

position value

The co-ordinate of the appropriate axis is entered

as

the

nominal position.

The numerical value

can be specified either as an absolute value (i.e.

referenced to the workpiece datum) or an incre-

mental value (referenced to the last nominal

position).

In both cases. the tool moves from its momen-

tary actual position to the target position, in a

path which is parallel to ~the selected axis.

Tool radius

When programming, the tool radius compensa-

compensation

tion is to be understood as follows:

0 The traversing distance is

decreased

by the

tool radius, RI -key; display R-.

0

0 The traversing distance is

increased

by the

tool radius.

RT

-key; display R+.

u

l

The tool traversed to the programmed

nominal position: display RO.

If R+/R- is programmed for the position of the

tool axis, no compensation

is considered.

When using the

IV axis as rotary axis,

tool

radius compensation is also neglected.

PI 5!

5

PI 56

Single axis machining

Programming via axis ~address keys

I

16 L X+15,000 Y+ZO,OOO

RR F MO3

17 Y+40,000

R- FICOM

18 L X+50,000 Y+57,000

RR F M

Single axis positioning blocks, which have been

entered via axis keys, may be inserted between

positioning blocks with RO (no compensation)

which have been programmed via contouring

functions. ,

CORRECT

18 L X+15,000 Y+20,000

RO F M

19 L X+lO,OOO Y+10,000

ROF M

20 x+40,000

R+ F M

21 L x+50,000 Y+20,000

RO F M

Single axis machining

Programming via axis address keys

Entry of

single axis

movements

Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

POSITION VALUE?

El

EC or El or El or El

‘gl

Incremental-Absolute?

0 Key-in numerical value.

Enter into memory.

TOOL RADIUS COMP. R+/R-/NO COMP.? ) pi [%I

If reqd. key-in radius compensation.

g Enter into memory.

FEED RATE? F = m

If reqd., key-in feed rate.

g Enter into memory.

AUXILIARY FUNCTlON M?

‘Q

If reqd., key-in auxiliary function.

H Enter into memory.

Display example

In block No. 119 the tool is moved by + 46.0 mm

parallel to the X-axis plus the tool radius. The feed

rate is 60 mm/min. and the spindle rotates clock-

PI57 :

Single axis machining

Playback programming

If the tool has been positioned manually (hand-

wheel or via axis key). the actual position data

can be transferred into the program as a nominal

position. This type of programming is referred to

as playback.

Playback programming is only advisable with

single axis operation. This type of programming

should be avoided on complex contours.

The tool is positioned to the required position

either via the electronic handwheel or the axis

key. In the 3 -mode. the actual position value is

E!

transferred es a nominal position value by pres-

I’

POSITION VALUE?

I9 x+i?ooo

F M

‘Tool radius

compensation The actual position value already contains the

length and radius data for the tool which was

used. Therefore, the compensation values L = 0

and R = 0 must be entered in the too definition.

When programming positioning blocks with play-

back, the correct tool radius compensation Fif or

R- or RO is to be entered. In the event of a tool

break or tool change, the new tool data can be

considered.

I

TOOL DEF L=O

R=O

P158

Single axis machining

Playback programming

TOOI

The new compensation values are determined as

compensation

follows:

R=R NEW - ROLD

R Radius comoensation value for TOOL DEF

RNEW RNEW

RNEW Radius of nek tool

RoLo Radius of original tool

The new compensation values are entered into

the tool definition of the original tool

(R = 0. L = 0).

A compensation value can be

positive or nega-

tive,

depending on the radius of the new tool

being larger (+) or smaller (-).

Length

compensation

The compensation value for the new tool length

is determined as per TOOL DEF. In this case. the

“zero tool” is the original tool.

L

r

R=O R pas. R neg.

TOOL DEF TOOL DEF TOOL DEF

R=O R=+... R=-...

Single axis machining

Playback programming

Entry

Example Operating mode ~

Dialogue initiation

POSITION VALUE?

Traverse tool to required position.

E Transfer position data.

Enter into memory I

TOOL RADIUS COMP. W/R-/NO COMP.? p&?? KY_-

e in radius compensation. if reqd.

Enter into memory.

I

FEED RATE? =

‘f

Key-in feed rate. if reqd.

q

Enter into memory.

I I

AUXILIARY FUNCTION M? K

If reqd.. key-in auxiliary function.

Enter into memory.

PI61

Positioning

Tool call

Feed rate

!

~ Spindle

speed

P162

Single axis machining

Positioning with MDI

The operating mode “positioning with MDl”a

permits entry and execution of single axis posi-

tioning blocks without transfer of data into the

control memory. After entry, the block must be

immediately executed by pressing the external

start button.

If a tool definition TOOL DEF already exists in the

control memory. the appropriate tool may be

called-up via TOOL CAI-L in the @

0 mode.

The new tool data is then effective.

Tool call is executed via the external start button.

The programmed feed rate can be varied via the

l

internal feed rate override and/or

l

the external feed rate override of the

machine, depending on how the control has

been adapted to the machine by the machine

tool builder.

The programmed spindle speed can be varied

via the spindle override (only with analogue

output of spindle speed).

v

0

START

FEED RATE

(OVERRIDE)

KNOB

SPINDLE

(OVERRIDE)

KNOB

EXTERNAL

FEED RATE

Single axis machining

Positioning ,with MDI

Example of

position entrY Operating mode ~

Dialogue initiation _

POSlTlON VALUE?

Incremental/Absolute?

sr Key-in numerical value.

Enter into memory.

TOOL RADIUS COMP. R+/R-/NO COMP.? ) F/ Fi

R If reqd.. key-in radius compensation.

Enter into memory.

FEED BATE? F =

‘5

If reqd.. key-in feed rate.

El Enter into memory.

AUXILIARY FUNCTION M?

If reqd.. key-in auxiliary function.

q

Enter into memory

BLOCK COMPLETE

Start positioning block

P163

Single axis machining

Positioning with MDI

Example of

tool call Operating mode ~

Dialogue initiation

,TOOL NUMBER?

Key-in tool number.

q

Enter into memory

WORKING SPINDLE AXIS WY/Z?

SPINDLE SPEED S RPM =?

Key-in axis, e.g. Z 1

b0

Key-in spindle rpm

Enter into memory

BLOCK COMPLETE

)@ start tooi call

P165

Machine parameters

Machine

parameters

Programming

User-Parameter

Buffer

batteries

In order that the machine can perform the con-

trol commands correctly, the control must be

aware of the specific data of the machine e.g.

traverses. accelerations ztc. These data are

determined by the machine tool builder by using

machine parameters.

Machine parameters are entered during the initial

commissioning procedure of the control. This

can be done via an external data carrier (e.g.

ME-cassette with stored machine parameters) or

by keying-in the values ~nanually.

After an interruption of power with either

empty or missing buffer batteries, the

machine parameters must be reentered. In this

case. they are requested by the control dialogue.

Certain machine parameters are accessible when

using the MOD

cl -mode; e.8~. for switching over from

HEIDENHAIN plain langllage to the ISO-program-

ming language.

The machine user-parameters which are acces-

sible via MOD are determined by the machine

0

tool builder. who can gPve detailed information.

The buffer batteries are the power source for the

machine parameter memory and the program

memory It is located beneath the cover on the

control panel.

If the message

= EXCHANGE BUFFER EATERY =

is displayed. the batteries must be exchanged

(the batteries last for approx. 1 week after display

of the above message).

Battery type

Mignon cells, leak proof

IEC-description “LRG”

Recommended: VARTA Type 4006

.

/

Pl66

Machine parameters

Entry

via

magnetic tape

I

Switch on power.

MEMORY TEST

The control checks the internal

control electronics. This display

message is automatically cleared.

EXCHANGE BUFFER BATTERY b

Insert new buffer battery

Clear message

OPEiATlON PARAMETERS ERASED El

Clear message

MACHINE PARAMETER PROGRAMMING

MACHINE PARAMETER MP O?

MPO: 0

insert magnetic tape containing

parameters

Em UK Select operating mode on ME

Start external data transmission

MACHINE PARAMETER PROGRAMMING

EXTERNAL DATA INPUT

MPO: 0

Machine parameters are

automatically programmed.

PI 67

Machine parameters

When all parameters are entered:

POWER INTERRUPTED

1

NC: PROGRAM MEMORY ERASED Clear message

RELAY EXT. DC VOLTAGE MISSING

Finally, reference points must be traversed over.

The control is now ooerational.

P168

Machine parameters

Manuel entry

L

Switch on mains power

I

MEMORY TEST

The control checks the internal

control electronics.

Display is automatically erased.

EXCHANGE BUFFER BAlTERY b

Insert new batteries.

Clear message.

1 OPERATION PARAMETERS ERASED ) m

Clear message

MACHINE PARAMETER PROGRAMMING

MACHINE PARAMETER MP O?

MPO: 0 ‘F

Key-in machine parameter.

MP 0 according to table.

q

Enter into memory.

After parameter entry. the display automa-

tically shifts to the next parameter.

Press @ after every parameter entry

q

When all machine parameters are entered:

POWER INTERRUPTED

NC: PROGRAM MEMORY ERASED

Clear message.

RELAY EXT. DC VOLTAGE MISSING

Switch on control voltage

I

Fin& the reference points must be traversed over.

The control is then operational.

P169

Machine parameters

PI70

Machine parameters

P171

Snap-on

keyboard

Program entry in GO-format

lntroducti6n

The TNC 151/TNC 155 permits program entry in

either the HEIDENHAIN-conception with operator

prompting via plain language dialogue or to

standard format as per IS0 6983. Programming

in ISO-format is advantageous when program-

ming from an external computer.

An overlay keyboard with standard key-designa-

tions is provided for ISO-programming. The key-

board is simply placed over the existing key-

board. It is secured via small magnets.

The snap-on keyboard is immediately effective

after

switchover

from HEIDENHAIN plain lan-

guage dialogue to standard format.

Block

structure,

Positioning

blocks

Block structure

Canned cycles

Error messages

Program entry in ISO-format is partially dialogue

guided. Entry sequence for single block word

information is optional. The control automatically

arranges these commands into the correct order

at the end of each block entry.

Errors in program entry and program execution

are displayed in plain language.

Positioning blocks

may contain:

0 8 G-functions

of different groups (see G-

functions) and an additional G90 or G91

before each co-ordinate;

0 3 co-ordinates

(X, Y. Z. IV) and an additional

Circle Centre/Pole-co-ordinates (I, J, K):

0 1

Feed rate

(max. 5 digits):

0

1

auxiliary function

M

0

1

spindle rpm S

(max. 4 digits);

0

1

tool number

(max. 3 digits).

Block with canned cycles

may contain

0 all

individual data

for the cycle

(cycle parameter P);

0

1

auxiliary function

M:

0

1

spindle rpm S:

l

1

tool number

(see G-functions) (tool

l 1 positioning block:

0

1

feed rate

F:

0

1

cycle call;

call);

Errors within block structure are indicated durina

block entry. e.g.:

= G-CODE GROUP ALREADY ASSIGNED =

or. after end of block entry, e.g.

= BLOCK FORMAT INCORRECT =

Program entry in GO-format

Control switchover

Switchover from Switchover from HEIDENHAIN-programming lan-

HEIDENHAIN- guage to ISO-format is performed via machine

programming to parameters. These machine parameters can be

IS0 altered via the MOD-function “user parameters”.

“User parameters” are defined by the machine

tool builder who can give you detailed informa-

tion.

j D2

Program ‘entry in ISO-format

Control switchover

Operating mode 0 optional

Dialogue initiation /y

/

VACANT BLOCKS: 1638 Select MOD-function

“User parameters”.

USER PARAMETERS

UC

t t Select required user parameter.

= Dialogue as provided by machine tool

builder =

Program entry in HEIDENHAIN-format: m

or Leave supplementary mode

Program entry in ISO-format:

Leave supplementary mode.

I

POWER INTERRUPTED WE Clear message. I

I I

RELAY EXT. D~MISS,., ) @ Switch on control voltage.

Finally, the reference points must be traversed over

The control is then operational.

When switching over the control. plain language

programs are automatically converted to ISO-format

and vice-versa.

D3

Program entry in GO-format

Operating the control

Entry of Single commands consist of an address and

single commands supplementary data.

A single command is entered by first pressing

the address letter and the supplementary data

via the decimal keyboard.

Single command entry is automatically finalised

with the address letter of the following com-

mand.

If block entry can be curtailed, simply press 0

PI

Editing Program editing can be performed immediately

after a block entry or entry of the complete pro-

used for editing (see “Program editing”).

As opposed to HEIDENHAIN plain language for-

mat. the cursor can be set in ISO-format by

--

pressing M or l_lrl

If the cuwx is located at a single command

within a block, themm-keys may be used

for the search routine. Editing is ended by shift-

key out of the display towards block

towards block end or

Supplementary data which has been inadver-

tently entered can be cleared with the

SINGLE COMMAND

GO1

T

L SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

(code number)

L ADDRESS

x

-10

ll_ SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

(dimension)

ADDRESS

‘N20 GO2 .X*68 Y+$Q Ill

,

El

Erroneously entered address letters or com-

plete commands are deleted with

q ,

DELETE SINGLE

COMMAND

d”FI

DELETE BLOCK

D4

Program

Program entry in ISO-format

Program management

The control can store up to 32 programs with a

total of

3100 program blocks.

Entry of a new program or call-up of an existing

program is performed via the m-key (see “Pro-

gram call”).

Within the program library, the number of alloca

ted characters is indicated after the program

number e.g. 201444.

Block number

A block number comprises the

address N

and

the block number.

It can be set

manually

via the N -key or

auto-

matically

by the control. Cl

The increment between the block numbers can

be determined with the MOD-function (“Block

number increment”.

The control executes the program according to

the block entry sequence. The actual block num-

ber has no influence on the sequence of execu-

tion.

With program

editing,

blocks with any block

number may be inserted between two existing

program blocks.

7

N20 GO2 X+68 Y+90 *

N30; GO1 X+10 Y-IO *

N40/ x-40 Y+5 *

N50 x+50*

!

BLOCK NUMBERS

Program entry in GO-format

G-functions

Categories

Preparatory G-functions normally deal with tdol

path behaviour. They have the address G and a

two-digit code number.

G-functions are split into the following groups:

l G-functions for positioning procedures

Target position in Cartesian co-ordinates

GOO-GO7

Target position in polar co-ordinates

GIO-GE

0 G-functions for cycles

Machining cycles:

Drilling cycles G83-G84

Milling cycles G74-G78

Cycles for co-ordinate transformations

Cycles G28/G54/G72/G73

Cycle, Dwell time GO4

Freely programmable cycles (Program call) G39

l G-functions for selecting the working

plane

G17 Plane XY. Tool axis Z.

Angle reference axis X

G18 Plane ZX, Tool axis Y,

Angle reference axis Z

G19 Plane YZ, Tool axis X.

Angle reference axis Y

G20 Tool axis IV

l G-functions for chamfering, rounding of

darners and tangential contour approach

G24 - G27

l G-functions for path compensation

G40 - G44

L

r

l Remaining G-functions

0 G

Program entry in ISO-format

G-functions

Entry of

G-functions

A program block may only comprise G-functions

from the different groups, e.g.

NlOl GO1 G90...G41

Several G-functions from one group would be

contradictory, e.g.

N105 GO2 G03...

During program entry. the control indicates this

kind of error with the message

= G-CODE GROUP ALREADY ASSIGNED =

If a code number which is unknown to the

control, is allocated to the G-address, the control

will indicate

= ILLEGAL G-CODE =

Program entry in ISO-format

Dimensions in inch/mm

Erase/Edit protection

Dimensions

in inch/mm 670 Dimensions in inch (dialogue-guided) /

671 Dimensions in mm (dialogue-guided)

After dialogue initiation with the NR -key and

•I

response to the dialogue question:

PROGRAM NUMBER

the following dialogue question is displayed:

MM = G71 / INCH = G70

Respond to dialogue question by entering G71 or

G70.

Block structure (example)

% 2 671

% Program beginning

2 Program number

G71 Dimensions in mm

Erase/Edit

protection 650 Erase/Edit protection (dialogue guided)

If the dialogue question PGM PROTECTION? is

selected via the E y- keys with the first

block (e.g. % 2 G71) of a completely entered pro-

gram. protection against erasing and editing can

be provided by entering G50

Block structure (example)

% 2 671650

%

Program beginning

2 Program number

G71 Dimensions in mm

G50 Edit/Erase protection

Edit/Erase protection is cancelled by entering the

code number 86357.

Explanation, see -Erase/Edit protection.-

D8

TOOI

definition

Tool call T

Tool call

Program entry in ISO-format

Tool definition/Tool call

G99

Tool definition (dialogue-guided)

Block structure

(example)

G99 Tl L+O R+ZO

G99 Tool definition

T.. Tool number

L.. Tool length compensation

R.. Tool radius compensation

Explanation see “tool definition”

Program structure

(example)

Tl 617

SlOOO

T.. Tool call and tool number

G17 Working plane XY. Tool axis Z

S Spindle rpm

For explanation see “tool call”.

Next tool With TNC 155 as of software version

.

02

and TNC 151.

G51

Next tool when using a central tool store

Block structure

(example)

651 Tl

G51 next tool

T.. tool numlxx

D9

Program entry in ISO-format

Dimensions -

Cartesian

co-ordinates

Incremental/

Absolute

dimensions

Polar

co-ordinates

Cartesian co-ordinates are programmed via the

tion. max. 3 co-ordinates may be specified for

the target position and 2 co-ordinaies for circular

interpolation.

The G-functions G90 - absolute dimensions and

G91 - incremental dimensions are modally

effective. e.g. they are permanently effective until

they are superseded through another G-function

(G91 or G90).

When specifying co-ordinates in absolute

dimensions the G-function G90 - absolute

must be entered (or made effective) before the

appropriate co-ordinate.

When specifying co-ordinates in incremental

dimensions the G-function G91 - incremental

must be entered (or made effective) prior to the

appropriate co-ordinate. 1

Polar co-ordinates are programmed with the

q -

H

key (polar co-ordinates angle H) and the

o-

R key (polar co-ordinates radius).

The pole must be defined before entry of polar

co-ordinates.

L

Y

_ G91

D

X

G90

t

Y

0

2

+

H

Pole

D

X

L

Programs entry in GO-format

Dimensions

Pole/

Circle centre

The pole/circle centre is always defined by two

Cartesian co-ordinates. The axis designations for

these co-ordinates are

0 I: for the X-axis

0 J: for the Y-axis

0 K: for the Z-axis

The pole/circle centre must be located in the

appropriate working plane:

Co-ordinate ent:ry is via the keyboard,

q mm

Pole

definition 629

If the last nominal position value is to be trans-

ferred as a pole, the entry of the GZO-function is

sufficient.

N30 GO1 G90 X+30 Y+50

N40 629 611 R+50 H-45

I t -1

33

Dll

Target position

in Cartesian

co-ordinates

Single axis

positioning

Program entry in ISO-format

Linear interpolation

GO0 Linear interpolation. Cartesian in rapid.

Block structure (example):

GO0 G90 X+80 Y+50 Z+lO

GO0 Linear interpolation, Cartesian in rapid

G90 Absolute dimensions

X.. X-co-ordinate of target position

Y.. Y-co-ordinate of target position

Z Z-co-ordinate of target position

I

GO1 Linear interpolation. Cartesian

Block structure (example):

Gbl 091 X+80 Y-l-50 2+10 Fl50

GO1 Linear interpolation. Cartesian

G91 Incremental dimensions

X.. X-co-ordinate of target position

Y.. Y-co-ordinate of target position

Z.. Z-co-ordinate of target position

F.. Feed rate

GO7 Single axis movement

Block structure (example):

GO7 090 X-MO Fl90

GO7 Single axis positioning block

G90 Absolute dimensions

X.. Co-ordinate of target position

F Feed rate

Y

i

1

Program entry in ISO-format

Linear interpolation

Target position GlO

Linear interpolation, polar.

in rapid.

in polar

co-ordinates Block structure

(example):

G90 I+20 J+lO GlO R+30 H+45

G90 Absolute dimensions

I.. X-co-ordinate of pole

J Y-co-cordinate of pole

GIO Linear interpolation, polar. in rapid

OR.. Polar co-ordinates radius to target

H Polar co-ordinates radius to target

Gll

Linear interpolation, polar.

Block structure

(example):

G91 I+10 J-30 Gll G90 R+30 H+45 !=l50

G91 Incremental dimensions

I.. X-co-ordinate of pole

J.. Y-co-ordinate of pole

Gl 1 Linear interpolation, polar

G90 Absolute dimensions

Fl.. Polar co-ordinates radius to target

H.. Polar co-ordinates angle to target

F. Feed rate

Program entry in GO-format

Circular interpolation

Target position

in Cartesian

co-ordinates

GO2 Circular interpolation, Cartesian, clock-

wise

Block structure (example):

Previous block: Approach to arc starting point

G90

I+30 Jf30 GO2

X-f-69

Y+23 !=I50

G90 Absolute dimensions

I.. X-co-ordinate of circle centie

J Y-co-ordinate of circle centre

GO2 Circular interpolation. Cartesian. clockwise

X.. X-co-ordinate of target position

Y.. Y-co-ordinate of target position

F. Feed rate

GO3 Circular interpolation, Cartesian,

counter-clockwise

Block structure (example):

Previous block: Approach to arc starting point

G90

I+30 J+28 GO3 X-l 2 Y+32 Fl50

GSO Absolute dimensions

I.. X-co-ordinate of circle centre

J Y-co-ordinate of circle centre

GO3 Circular interpolation, Cartesian, clockwise

X.. X-co-ordinate of target position

Y.. Y-co-ordinate of target position

F.. Feed rate

GO5 Circular interpolation, Cartesian.

without specification of rotation

Block structure (example):

Previous block: Approach to arc starting point

G90

I+22 J+20 GO6 X+5 Y+30 !=l50

G90 Absolute dimensions

I X-co-ordinate of circle centre

J.. Y-co-ordinate of circle centre

GO5 Circular interpolation, Cartesian. without

specification of rotation

X.. X-co-ordinate of target position

Y.. Y-co-ordinate of target position

F.. Feed rate

Y

6

Y

J

CD X

I I -i

D14

Program entry in ISO-format

Circular interpolation

Target position 612 Circular interpolation. polar. clockwise

in polar

co-ordinates Block structure (example):

Previous block: Approach to arc starting point

G90 I+50 J+40 612 H-45 Fl50

G90 Absolute dimensions

I,. X-co-ordinate of pole/circle centre

J Y-co-ordinate of pole/circle centre

G12 Circular interpolation. polar, clockwise

H Polar co-ordinates angle to target

F.. Feed rate

G13 Circular interpolation, polar

counter-clockwise

Block structure (example):

Previous block: Approach to arc startrng point

G90 I-30 J+25 G13 H-180 ,Fl50

G90 Absolute dimensions

I.. X-co-ordinate of pole/circle centre

J,, Y-co-ordinate of pole/circle Centre

G13 Circular interpolation, polar. counter-

clockwise

H., Polar co-ordinates angle to target

F.. Feed rate

615 Circular interpolation. polar. without

specification of rotation (see also

function G05)

Block structure (example):

Previous block: Approach to arc starting point

G90 Ii50 J+40 615 H+120 Fl50

GSO Absolute dimensions

I,, X-co-ordinate of pole/circle centre

J.. Y-co-ordinate of pole/circle centre

G15 Circular interpolation, polar, without

specification of rotation

H Polar co-ordinates angle to target

F.. Feed rate

r

1

Program entry in ISO-format

Helical interpolation

Tangential arcs

Helical

interpolation

Helical interpolation is the combination of circular

interpolation in the working plane and a superim-

posed linear movement in the tool axis. For fur-

ther explanation, see “Helical interpolation”.

612.

..Z Helical interpolation.

clockwise

Gl3...2 Helical interpolation,

counter-

clockwise

Block structure

(example):

090 I+15 J+45 612 GQl H+lOSO 2-5

G90 Absolute dimensions

I,. X-co-ordinate of pole/circle centre

J Y-co-ordinate of pole/circle centre

G12 Circular interpolation. polar, clockwise

G91 Incremental dimensions

fl.. Polar co-ordinates-angle = rotation angle

Z.. Height co-ordinate of helix

I-

Tangential

arc

GO6 Circular interpolation, Cartesian, the

arc tangentially adjoins the previous

contour. A circle centre is not required.

Block structure

(example):

GO6 GQO X+60 Y+lO

GO6 Circular interpolation. Cartesian. tangential

connection to contour

G90 Absolute dimensions

X.. X-co-ordinate of target position

Y.. Y-co-ordinate of target position

I

D16

r

Prograim entry in GO-format

Tool path compensation

Correction of

the tool path With tool path compensation, the tool moves

to either the l&t or the right of the contour in the

feed direction.

The offset corresponds to the tool radius.

A transitional arc K is automatically inserted on

external comers.

With internal corners, the control automatically

calculates a path intersection S so that unwan-

ted recesses are prevented.

Tool path

compensation Tool path compensation is also programmed via

G-functions. These G-functions are modally

effective, i.e. they are active until they are

superseded by another G-function.

Tool path compensation can be entered into

every positioning block

640 The tool traverses exactly on the

programmed contour, (cancellation of

path compensation G41/G42/G43/G44).

641 The tool path is offset to the left of the

contour.

642 The tool path is offset to the right of the

contour.

Tool radius With single axis positioning blocks, the tool path

compensation is either increased or decreased by the tool

with single axis radius.

positioning blocks 643 Tool path is increased

644 Tool path is decreased

Dl: 7

Program entry in ISO-format

Rounding of corners/Chamfers

Chamfers

624 Chamfers

Program structure

N25 GO1 X... Y... (Position Pl)

N26 624 R... (Chamfer)

N27 GO1 X... Y... (Position P2)

G24 may also be programmed into the block for

the comer which is to be chamfered.

Explanation. see “Chamfer”

Rounding of

COr”CXS

635

Rounding of corners

Program structure

N15 GO1 X...Y... (PositionPI)

N16 625 R... (Corner radius)

N17 GO1 X... Y... (Position P2)

G25 may also be programmed into the block

for PI.

Explanation see ‘Rounding of comersw.

G24

Chamfer

G25

Rounding of corners

Program entry in ISO-format

Tangential contour approach and departure

Tangential

approach

(run-on)

626 Contour approach (run-onj on a tangen-

tiai arc to the first contour element

(dialogue-guided).

Program structure

N25 G40 GO1 X... Y... (Position PS)

N26 G41 X... Y... (Position Pl)

N27 626 R...(arc)

Tangential

departure

(run-off)

The G26-function may also be programmed into

the positioning block for the first contour position

PI.

Explanation, see “Contour approach on an arc-.

627

Departure from the contour on an

arc which is tangential to the last contour

element (dialogue-guided).

Program structure

N35 641 GO1 X... Y... (Position P)

N36 G27 R... (arc)

N37 G40 X... Y... (Position PE)

The G27-function may also be programmed into

the positioning block for the last contour position

PI.

Explanation, see “Contour departure on an arc-.

D19

Program entry in ISO-format

Canned cycles

Machining cycles

Categories Canned cycles are grouped into

0 Machining cycles (for workpiece machining)

0 Co-ordinate transformations (cycles for

variations within the co-ordinate system/

0 Dwell time

0 Freely programmable cycles

Machining cycles are defined by G-functions

and must therefore be called-up after cycle defi-

nition with either G79-cycle call - or M99 cycle

call or M89 modal cycle call. This also applies to

the freely programmable cycles.

Co-ordinate transformations

Are immediately effective after the definition via

a G-function and therefore require no call-up.

This also applies to the dwell time cycle.

Programmable machining cycles (dialogue-

guided):

G83 Peck-drilling

G84 Tamw

674 Slot milling

675 Pocket milling, clockwise

676 Pocket milling, counter-clockwse

677 Circular pocket milling. clockwise

678 Circular pocket milling, counter-clockwise

Programmable co-ordinate transformations

(partially dialogue-guided):

G28 Mirror image

G54 Datum shift

G72 Scaling

G73 Co-ordinate system rotation

Further cycles (dialogue-guided)

GO4 Dwell time

G39 Freely programmable cycles (program

call)

D20

Program entry in GO-format

Canned cycles

Machining cycles

Peck-

drilling

683 Peck-drilling (dialogue-guided)

Block structure

(example):

G83 POl-2 PO2-20 PO3-10

PO4 0 PO5 150

G83 Peck-drilling

PO1 set-up clearance

PO2 Total hole depth

PO3 Pecking depth

PO4 Dwell time

PO5 Feed rate

Explanation of cycle parameters and cycle proce-

dure see “Pecking-‘.

Tapping

G84 Tapping (dialogue-guided)

Block structure

(example):

P84 POl-2 PO2-20 PO3 0 PO4 80

G84 Tapping

PO1 Set-up clearance

PO2 Total hole death ithread depth)

PO3 Dwell time

PO4 Feed rate

Explanation of cycle parameters and cycle proce-

dure, see ‘Tapping7

Program entry in ISO-format

Machining cycles

Slot milling

cycle 674

674 Slot milling (dialogue-guided)

Block structure

(example):

674 PO12 PO2-20 PO3-10 PO4 80

PO5 x+50 PO6 Y+lo PO7 150

G74 Slot milling

PO1 set-up clearance

PO2 Milling depth

PO3 Pecking depth

PO4 Feed rate for pecking

PO5 Length-axis and first side length

PO6 Width-axis and second side length

PO7 Feed rate

Explanation of cycle parameters and cycle prow

due. see “Slot milling”.

D22

Pocket

milling

Program entry in GO-format

Machining cycles

675 Pocket milling, clockwise

(dialogue-guided)

676 Pocket milling, counter-ClockWiSe

(dialogue-guided)

Block structure (example G76):

676 POl-2 PO2-20 PO3-10 PO4 80

PO5 X+90 PO6 Y+50 PO7 160

G76 Pocket milling, counter-clockwise

PO1 Set-up clearance

PO2 Milling depth

PO3 Pecking depth

PO4 Feed rate for pecking

PO5 First axis direction and side length

PO6 Second axis direction and side length

PO7 Feed rate

Exulanation of Explanation of cycle parameters and cycle proce-

dure. see -Pocket milling*.

due. see -Pocket mllllng”.

Program entry in ISO-format

Machining cycles

Circular

677 Circular pocket milling,

clockwise

pocket

(dialogue-guided)

678 Circular pocket milling,

counter-

clockwise

(dialogue-guided)

Block structure

(example G78):

678 POl-2 PO2-20 PO3-10 PO4 80

PO5 90 PO8 150

G78 Circular pocket, counter-clockwise

PO1 Set-up clearance

PO2 Milling depth

PO3 Pecking depth

PO4 Feed rate for pecking

PO5 Circle radius

PO6 Feed rate

Explanation of cycle parameters and cycle proce-

dure, see Tircular pocket millingv.

Program entry in ISO-format

Co-ordinate transformations

Mirror image 628 Mirror image

Block structure (example):

629 X

G28 Mirror image

X Mirror image axis

Two axes may be mirror imaged simultaneously:

the mirror imaging of the tool axis is not pos-

sible.

Explanation of cycle, see *Mirror image”.

Datum shift 654 Datum shift

Block structure (example):

654 G90 X+50 G91 Y+15 Z-10

G54 Datum shift

G90 Absolute dimensions

X.. Datum shift, X-axis

G91 Incremental dimensions

Y.. Datum shift, Y-axis

Z.. Datum shift, Z-axis

Explanation of cycle, see “Datum shift?

L

Scaling 672 Scaling (dialogue guided)

Block structure (example):

G72 F 1.7

G72 Scaling cycle

F.. Scaling factor

Explanation of cycle, see “Scaling-

D2!

Co-ordinate

system rotation

Dwell time

Freely

programmable

cycle

(Program call)

Program entry in ISO-format

Co-ordinate transformations

Dwell time, Freely programmable cycle

673 Co-ordinate system rotation

(dialogue-guided)

Block structure (example):

G90 673 H+120 617

G90 Absolute dimensions

G73 Co-ordinate system rotation

H Rotation angle

G17 Plane selection for angle reference axis

Explanation of cycle. see “Co-ordinate system

rotatIm”.

GO4 Dwell time (dialogue-guided)

Block structure (example):

GO4 F5

GO4 Dwell time cycle

F.. Dwell time in sets.

Explanation of cycle, see ,,Dwell time”.

639 Freely programmable cycle

(dialogue guided)

Block structure (example):

639 PO1 12

G39 Freely programmable cycle

(Program call)

PO1 Program number

Explanation of cycle. see *Freely programmable

cycle”.

Program entry in ISO-format

Touch probe functions

With TNC 155

as of software version 06 and with

TNC 151

Workpiece

surface

as datum

G 65 Touch probe function: Workpiece

surface as datum (see uTouch probe

system-)

Block structure (example):

G55 PO1 10 PO2 Z- PO3 G90

x+50.000 Y+50.000 z-20.000

G55 Workpiece surface as datum

PO1 Parameter number for result

PO2 Approach axis and approach direction

PO3 Probing point

Program entry in ISO-format

Subprograms and

program part repeats

A

label number

is programmed with the com-

mand G98 L.. This jump command may be pro-

grammed within any program block which does

not contain a

label call.

Program label:

N35 G98 L15 GOl...

Label number 15

A

jump command

is programmed with the

address Land a label number.

Label call:

Part program

A part program is designated by G98 L.. (label

number) at the beginning.

The end of the program part repeat has a call-up

L.. With

program part repeats,

the number

of repetitions is entered after the label number.

The label number and the repetition number are

separated by a decimal point

e.g. 115.8. call-up label 15. 0

8 repetitions of program part

Subprogram

A subprogram is designated at the beginning by

G98 L.. (label number). It is ended with G98

LO (label number 0).

A

subprogram call-up

is also made with the

address Land the label number.

@

D28

Program part:

N35 698 L15 GOl...

Program part repeat:

N70 L15.8

r

Subprogram:

N75 688 Ll9 GOO...

N90 G98 LO

Subprogram call:

N150 LlS

Program entry in ISO-format

Jump into another main program/STOP-block

Jump into

another main

program

Programming of a jump into another main pro-

gram is performed with the m-key.

The control displays a jump into e.g. PGM 29 as

follows:

N127 % 29

Further explanations, see “Program call”.

For controls with software version 08:

STOP-block 638 corresponds to a STOP-block in

HEIDENHAIN plain language format

Block structure example:

638

D29

Program entry in ISO-format

Parameter programming

Setting

parameters

Parameters are markers fo numerical values

which are related to units of measure. They are

designated by the letter 0 and a numeral. Entry

(= setting) is performed with the

Parameter

definition

The assignment of a certain value or the correla-

tion of a value through mathematical or logical

functions is referred to

as

the

parameter defini-

tion.

A parameter definition consists of an

address D

and a code number (see adjacent

table).

Entry of parameter definitions is dialogue-guided.

Block

structure

A parameter definition requires one program

block.

Individual

block elements

of a parameter defini-

tion comprise the

letter P

and a

number (see

also cycle parameter with canned cycles). The

significance of these elements depends on the

sequence within the block, which also depends

on the entry dialogue. For checking, it is

advisable to shift the cursor fl 17 within the

block. The dialogue question is then displayed

for each block element.

DO0 ^ Assign

DO1 6 Addition

DO2 ” Subtraction

DO3 ^ Multiplication

DO4 1 Division

DO5 ^ Square root

DO6 ^ Sine

DO7 - Cosine

DO8 c Root sum of square

DO9 ^ If equal, jump

DIO A If unequal. jump

Dl 1 A If greater than, jump

D12 ^ If less than, jump

D30

Program entry in ISO-format

Parameter programming

Example 1: Q98 = 16??

DO5 Q68 PO1 +2

DO5 Square root

098 Parameter to which result is assigned

PO1 Parameter or numerical value within the

square root

Example 2: Q12 = Q2x62

DO3 Q12 PO1 +Q2 PO2 +62

DO3 Multiplication

Q12 Parameter to which result is assigned

PO1 First factor (parameter or

numeriCal vahe)

PO2 Second factor (parameter or numerical

VdW)

Example 3: IF 06 < Q5. jump to LBL 3

D12 PO1 +Q6 PO2 +05 PO3 3

D12 If less than. jump

PO1 First comparison value or parameter

PO2 Second comparison value or parameter

PO3 Label number (jump address)

D31

Program entry to GO-format

Graphics-Definition of BLANK FORM

Definition

of blank

A workpiece blank (BLANK FORM) is defined by

the points P,,, and P,,,,Ax (see “Blank form”

(Graphics).

In addition to PMIn, the tool axis must be speci-

fied via G17/G18/G19. If this has been neglected,

the following error is displayed:

= BLK FORM DEFINITON INCORRECT =

630 Definition of PlvllN (entry only in absolute)

Block structure

(example):

630 617 X+5 Y+5 Z-10

G30 Definition PNIIN (entry only in absolute)

G17 Plane definition and tool axis

X.. X-co-ordinate of PiVIIN

Y.. Y-co-ordinate of PNIIN

Z.. Z-co-ordinate of PlvllN

631

Definition of PMm (entry in either

absolute or incremental)

Block structure

(example):

631 G91 X+95 Y+95 Z+lO

G31 Definition P,,,,a

G91 Incremental dimensions

X X-co-cordinate of PMAX

Y Y-co-cordinate of PMulnx

Z.. Z-co-cordinate of PNlax

D32

Touch probe

Introduction

Touch probe

In conjunction with a HEIDENHAIN touch probe

system, the TNC 155 as of software version

06 and TNC 151 control can detect

deviations of workpiece attitude after the work

has been clamped to the machine table. These

deviations are stored and automatically compen-

sated for during workpiece machining.

This dispenses with alignment procedures during

workpiece set-up. A programmable probing func-

tion permits workpiece measurement either

before or during machining. For example, the sw

faces of cast workpieces with different heights

can be probed in order that the correct depths

can be obtained with subsequent machining.

Positional changes due to the temperature inc-

rease of the machine can be compensated at

certain intervals of time.

L

Touch probe systems are available in two ver-

sions:

Touch probe 110 system with cable connection:

Transmission of probe signals and operating

voltage via a connecting cable.

The touch probe system 110 comprises the touch

probe TS 110 and the mating electronics unit

APE 110.

Touch probe 510 system with infra-red trans-

mission and battery-power.

The touch probe system 510 comprises the

touch probe TS 510 and the mating electronics

unit APE 510 (including the transmitter/receiver

unit).

Each version has a standard tool shank enabling

it to be inserted into the tool chuck. The probing

head is interchangeable. Batteries for the TS 510

system with infra-red transmission have a life of

8 h in probing operation and 1 month in standby

--^.^A:--

The touch probe is traversed to a side or the

upper surface of the workpiece. The feed rate for

probing and the max. probing distance has been

set by the machine tool manufacturer via

machine parameters. The probe signals physical

contact with the workpiece to the control. The

control then stores the co-ordinates of the pro-

bed points.

Workpiece surfaces. comers and circle centres

can de easily determined with the touch probe

and set as reference surfaces or datum points.

Touch probe

Dialogue initiation/Error messages

,Dialogue

iinitiation

The touch probe system is operational in the

operating modes

1 zxtct;;ic handwheel

block/automatic program run

Dialogue is opened with the m-key.

mode the adjacent menu

of

touch probe functions

is displayed.

The desired function is selected via then Fi-

keys and transferred by pressing

q

-mode the dialogue for the touch

probe function “workpiece surface = datum”

after dialogue initiation with Es!

Cancellation of

Touch probe functions can be ended at any time

touch probe

ffunctions

by pressing

q

Th e control then returns to the

previous operating mode.

ErrOr

messages

If the touch probe is unable to find a suitable

probing point within the defined travel (via

machine parameters) or if a probing point is

already reached when a touch probe function is

started, the following error is displayed:

= TOUCH POINT INACCESSIBLE =

Touch probe systems with

infra-red transmis-

sion

have to be set such, that the transmitter/

receiver window (i.e. the side with two windows)

is adjusted to the evaluation electronics.

Insufficient adjustment or an interruption of the

transmission range (e.g. splash shield) initiates

the following error message:

= PROBE SYSTEM NOT READY =

If the battery voltage for the infra-red version

drops by a certain value. the following error is

displayed:

= EXCHANGE TOUCH PROBE BATTERY =

r

CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE LENGTH

CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE RADIUS

BASIC ROTATION

SURFACE = DATUM

CORNER = DATUM

CIRCLE CENTRE = DATUM

Touch probe

Calibration of effective length

Introduction The effective length of the probing stylus and the

effective radius of the SWIM tip can be deter-

mined with the aid of the control.

The necessary data are automatically calculated

by the control via the probing functions YXalibra-

tion of effective length” and “Calibration of effec-

tive radius*.

The length and the radius are stored by the con-

trol and are automatically taken into account

during probing operations.

Compensation values can be entered at any time

via the control keyboard.

Ring gauge

Auxiliary

equipment For calibration of the effective radius, a ring

gauge with a known height and internal radius is

required. The ring gauge must be clamped to the

machine table.

Effective

length The effective length is determined by probing a

reference plane. On touching the surface. the

touch probe is withdrawn to its starting position

in rapid traverse.

Display of the effective length is activated upon

selection of the next calibration.

Touch probe

Calibration of effective length

Operating mode -

Dialogue initiation _

CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE LENGTH )I3 Enter touche probe function

CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE LENGTH

DATUM + 0.000

If wd. enter toOI axis.

EFFECT. PROBE RADIUS = 0.000

EFFECTIVE LENGTH = 0.000

CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE LENGTH

Y+

TOOL AXIS = Y

If reqd. select traversing direction

of touch probe, here Y-.

EFFECT. PROBE RADIUS = 0.000

EFFECTIVE LENGTH = 0.000

A4

Touch probe

Calibration of effective length

CALIBRATION EFFECTWE LENGTH

Traverse touch probe in

negative Y-direction.

TOOL AXIS = Y

EFFECT. PROBE RADIUS = 0.000

EFFECTIVE LENGTH = 0.000

After touching the surface, the touch probe is

retracted to its starting position in rapid traverse.

MANUAL OPERATION

The control automatically switches to the display Display of the calibrated length is activated ,aftel

“Manual operation” or Wectronic handwheel- selection of the next calibration.

A5 j

Remarks

Touch probe

Calibration of effective probe radius

Effective

radius

The touch probe tip must be located within the

bore of the ring gauge. Calculation of the effec-

tive radius is performed by touching 4 points of

the bore. The traversing directions are specified

by the control, e.g. X+, X-. Y+. Y- (tool axis =

Z).

After every touch sequence the touch probe is

retracted to its starting position. The control dis-

plays the co-ordinates of all touch points.

The effective radius is displayed after r-selection

of the calibration.

Ring gauge

A7

Touch probe

Calibration of effective probe radius

Entry Operating mode

Dialogue initiation _

CALlBRATlON EFFECTIVE RADIUS

pj m

Enter touch probe function.

CALlBRATlON EFFECTIVE RADIUS

RADIUS RING GAUGE = 0.000

EFFECT. PROBE RADIUS = 0.000

EFFECTWE LENGTH = 8.455

Select Vadius ring gauge”.

EInge;;.0ng;;uge radius.

Enter into memory

If reqd. enter another tool 8x1s

(see -effective length”)

CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE RADIUS boo@ Traverse to approximate

centre of ring gauge.

x-l- x- Y+ ; 5r;l Select traversing direction of

touch probe. e.g. Xf.

TOOL AXIS = 2

;j” .iiii,..“p::::

~*z~z~@$“~~

-.--* ..__...‘..

EFFECT. PROBE RADIUS = D.DDD

EFFECTIVE LENGTH = 8.455

CALIBRATION EFFECTWE RADIUS

x- Y+ Y-

Traverse touch probe in

the positive X-8x1s.

TOOL AXIS = 2

EFFECT. PROSE RADIUS = D.DDD

EFFECTIVE LENGTH = 8.455

A8

Touch probe

Calibration bf effective radius

After touching the ring gauge. the touch probe is

retracted to its starting position in rapid traverse.

,

CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE RADIUS I

Select next traversing direction

of touch probe, e.g. X-. I

X (touch point) Y (touch point)

Z (touch point) C (touch point)

CALIBRATION EFFECTWE RADIUS

x+ i; Y-k Y-

X (touch point) Y (touch point)

Z (touch point) C (touch point)

Traverse touch probe in

negative X-direction.

After touching the ring gange. the touch probe is

retracted to its starting position in rapid traverse.

The control displays the actual values of the

second touch point beneath the values of the

first point.

Finally. the ring gauge is touched in the positive

and negative Y-direction.

After this procedure:

MANUAL OPERATION

The control automatically switches to the display Display of the calibrated probe radius is activated

“Manual operation” or “Electronic handwheel”. after re~selection of the calibration in the appro-

wate line.

A9

Remarks

” A10

Touch probe

Basic rotation

Description

The touch probe function rbasic rotation* is used

for detecting the angular misalignment of the

workpiece attitude after it has been clamped and

non-aligned to the machine table. i

The touch probe traverses to a side face of the

workpiece from two different starting positions.

The traversing directions are pre-determined. e.g.

X+. X-, Y+, Y- (Tool axis = Z).

After touching the side face the touch probe

returns to the appropriate starting position in

rapid traverse.

The control stores the co-ordinates of the touch

points and calculates the angular deviation. For

compensation of this deviation, the control must

know the “nominal angle” of this side face. The

nominal angle is entered into the line after

-ROTATION ANGLE’.

Touch probe

Basic rotation

I

Entry Operating mode

BASIC ROTATION

Enter angle attitude of side faces to be

probed. e.g. Y-axis: + 90”.

Enter into memory.

Dialogue initiation

BASIC ROTATION

mpp

1

bE$j

Enter touch probe function.

BASIC ROTATION

Traverse to first starting position

OF select traversing direction, e.g. X+

. . . . . .

BASIC ROTATION

x- Y+ Y-

Traverse touch probe in positive

X-direction.

After touching the side face. the touch probe is

returned to its starting position in rapid traverse

BASIC ROTATION

) @)g, k/e;ept;;ou;;robe to second

X (touch point) Y (touch point)

Z (touch point) C (touch point)

Touch probe

Basic rotation

BASIC ROTATION

Traverse touch probe in

wsitive X-direction.

X (touch point) Y (touch point)

i! (touch point) C (touch point)

After touching the side face. the touch probe is

returned to the second starting position in rapid

traverse.

MANUAL OPERATION I

The control automatically switches to the display Display of the calibrated rotation angle is activat-

“Manual operation” or “Electronic handwheel? ed after reselection of the basic rotation.

Al3

Touch probe

Surface = Datum

On workpieces which have been clamped paral-

lel to the axes. the upper surface or a side face

can be set as a datum by using the touch probe

function “Surface = Datum”

During machining, the control then references all

subsequent nominal position values to this SW

face.

Procedure The touch probe is traversed to the surface or

face in question.

After touching the surface. the touch probe is

returned to the starting position in rapid traverse.

The control stores the co-ordinates of the touch

point in the traversing axis and displays the value

in the display line “DATUM”.

Any value may be allocated to the touch point by

using the control keyboard.

Al4

Touch probe

Surface = Datum

Entry Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

SURFACE = DATUM

q

)B

Enter touch probe function.

SURFACE = DATUM

x+ x- Y+ Y-

Traverse to starting position

select traversing direction, e.g. Z-.

SURFACE = DATUM

Traverse touch probe in the

negative Z-direction.

x+ x- y+ y- z+

After touching the surface, the touch probe is

returned to its starting position in rapid traverse.

SURFACE = DATUM

X (touch point) Y (touch point)

Z (touch point) C (touch point)

If reqd. enter random datum value.

q

Enter into memory.

Touch probe

Corner = Datum

Description

With the touch probe function uComer = Datum”,

the control calculates the co-ordinates of the

comer point of a clamped workpiece.

The calculated value can be used as a datum

for subsequent machining. All nominal position

values are then referenced to this point.

PrOCedlKe

The control display indicates the co-ordinates of

the comer point. The calculated lines are indicat-

ed beneath by a point of each line and the

appropriate angle PA.

Instead of the calculated comer point. a datum

value may be set via the control keyboard.

If a “Basic rotation* was calculated prior to the

“Corner = Datum”-function. the straight line data

which was defined for the “Basic rotation” may

be utilized for the ~“Corner = Datum”-function.

The touch probe touches two intersecting faces

of a workpiece from two independent starting

points for each face. The traversing directions

are g,ven:

Xf. X-, Y+. Y- (Tool axis = Z).

After touching the side face, the touch probe is

returned to the starting position in rapid traverse.

The control stores the co-ordinates of the touch

points and calculates two straight lines. The

intersection of these lines is the required comer

point.

A

!?--r;

% r

Point 1 /Point 2 ‘.

Touch probe

Corner = Datum

Entry Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

CORNER = DATUM

Elm

~)I@ Enter touch probe function.

CORNER = DATUM

x+ x- y+

bx OOT

!

raverse to first starting position

-El select traversing direction, e.g. X+.

CORNER = DATUM

x- Y+ Y-

b@

Traverse touch probe in the

positive X-direction.

After touching the side face, the touch probe is

returned to its starting position in rapid traverse.

CORNER = DATUM m 0 raverse to next starting position.

X (touch point 1) Y (touch point 1)

Z (touch point 1) C (touch point 1)

CORNER = DATUM Traverse touch probe in positive

) @ X-direction.

X (touch point 1) Y (touch point 1)

2 (touch point 1) C (touch point 1)

After touching the side face the touch probe is

returned to its starting position in rapid traverse.

The control displays the actual values of the

second toilch point beneath the values of the

first point. In addition, the first straight line is

indicated by a random point on the straight line

and direction angle.

Al8

Touch probe

Corner = Datum

Finally. the second side face is to be probed

from two different starting positions.

On completion of this:

CORNER = DATUM

X (corner point) Y (cornar point)

X (first straight 1) Y (first straight 1)

PA (angle of straight 1)

x (second straight 2) Y (second straight 2)

PA (angle of straight 2)

If reqd., enter random comer pant

co-ordinates for X and Y.

DATUM Y (corner point)

Enter into memory

A19

Touch probe

Corner = Datum

Entry Operating mode

immediately

after a

“Basic rotation” Dialogue initiation

CORNER = DATUM

TOUCH POINTS OF BASIC ROTATION?

X (straight 1) Y (straight 1)

PA (angle of straight)

Enter data

No enter

CORNER = DATUM

Enter touch probe function

I

If touch points for the basic

rotation are to be utilized:

if touch points for the basic

rotation are not to be utilized:

Afterwards, probe second side face

as described above.

CORNER = DATUM b

A21

,,. ., ,,,,,I,,, ,, .,/,,,,,,, .I,..,,,,,,> ,.I,,

Touch probe

Circle centre = Datum

The centrepoint co-ordinates of a clamped work-

piece with cylindrical surfaces (bore, circular

pocket or external cylinder) can be determined

by the touch probe function “circle centre =

Datum-.

The calculated centrepoint can be used as a

datum for subsequent machining. All position

values can then be referenced to this position.

-

I

-

Procedure

With internal bores, the touch probe nwst have

access into the bore.

The circle centre is determined by touching 4

independent points on the circumference of the

bore or external cylinder. Traversing directions

are predetermined, e.g. X+. X-. Y+. Y- (tool axis

= Z).

After every touch procedure, the touch probe is

retracted to the starting position in rapid traverse.

The control calculates the co-ordinates of all four 1 I

points and then derives the co-ordinates of the

centrepoint.

The display indicates the co-ordinates of the

circle centre and the radius PR.

Instead of the calculated~centrepoint co-ordi-

nates a random datum may also be set via the

control keyboard.

Entry

Touch probe

Circle centre = Datum

Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

CIRCLE CENTRE = DATUM

Enter touch probe function.

CIRCLE CENTRE = DATUM

x+ x- y+

,900

X Y z Traverse to first starting position.

Select~traversing direction, e.g. X+.

CIRCLE CENTRE = DATUM

x- Y+ Y-

Traverse touch probe in positive

X-direction.

After touching the cylindrical surface, the touch

probe is returned to the starting position in rapid

traverse.

CIRCLE CENTRE = DATUM

x- Y+ Y-

Select next traversing direction.

b Ef El e.g. x-.

X (touch point 1) Y (touch point 1)

Z (touch point 1) C (touch point 1)

CIRCLE CENTRE = DATUM

Y+ Y-

) @ X-direction.

Traverse touch probe in negative

X (touch point 1) Y (touch point 1)

Z (touch point 1) C (touch point 1)

After touching the cylindrical surface, the touch

probe is returned to its starting position in rapid

traverse.

The control displays the actual values of touch

point 2.

Touch probe

Circle centre = Datum

Afterwards. two further points of the cylindrical

surface are traversed to in positive and negative

Y-directions.

When this is completed:

CIRCLE CENTRE = DATUM

X (centrepoint) Y (centrepoint)

PR (circle radius)

DATUM Y (centrepoint)

If reqd. key-in random co-ordinates

for X and Y.

B

Enter into memory.

Touch probe

Programmable touch probe function

“Surface = Datum”

Before or during workpiece machining it is pos-

sible to probe a workpiece surface in controlled

operation. As an example, the surface of cast

workpieces with varying heights can be touched

in order to ensure that the correct depth is

obtained with subsequent machining. Further-

more, positional changes due to temperature

increases of the machine and workpiece can

also be detected and compensated.

Programming Programming is initiated via the R=CS -key. The

FE

control then asks for the parameter number to

which the result of the t&h probe calibration is

to be allocated. After entry of the probing axis

and probing direction, the nominal position value

for execution of the touch probe cycle is to be

entered. The programmed touch probe cycle

allocates two program blocks.

Procedure The touch probe traverses in rapid to the nominal

position (touch point) which has been pro-

grammed in the touch probe cycle, however only

to the safety clearance before the position. The

safety clearance is determined by the machine

tool builder via a machine parameter.

Afterwards, the workpiece is traversed in the

probing axis and probing direction with the feed

rate for measurement until the surface is

touched. After touching, the touch probe returns

to the starting position in rapid traverse.

To compensate deviations of attitude in the

workpiece surface. the zero-datum must be shift-

ed in the probing axis by the stored Q-value via

a datum shift procedure. The measured value

can, e.g. be utilized as a length compensation

value in a tool definition.

A26

Display

%Wllple

Touch probe

Programmable touch probe function

“Surface = Datum”

Operating mode @I

Dialogue initiation FE

PARAMETER NUMBER FOR RESULT? ) 0 Key-in parameter number.

g Enter into memory.

PROBING AXIS/PROBING DIRECTION? ‘@ Key-in probing axis. e.g. Z.

/Q Key-in probing direction.

Enter into memory.

POSITION VALUE? ‘gl Key-in co-ordinates of touch pant:

Select axis, e.g. X.

Fr Incremental-Absolute?

6 Key-in numerical value.

5 Select next axis, e.g. Y.

After entry of all co-ordinates: Enter into memory

32 TCH PROBE 0.0 REF. PLANE

QlOZ-

I------

33 TCH PROBE 0.1 X+ 10.000

Y + 20.000 2 + 0.000

The X-. Y-plane is probed in the negative Z-direc-

tion. The measured value is stored under the para-

meter allocation QIO. The nominal touch point has

the co-ordinates X 10.000/Y 20.000/Z 0.000.

External data transmission

lntetface

V.24/RS-232-C The TNC 151flNC 155 is equipped with a V.24-

data interface (M-232-C) for read-in and

read-out of programs in plain language or ISO-

format.

This means that programs within the TNC 155.

memory can be transferred via this interface to

an external storage unit, e.g. magnetic tape

unit, or another peripheral unit, e.g. a printer.

Data can also be transferred from an external

storage unit into the control.

The interface connection is located at the rear of

the control.

Baud rate The data transmission rate (= Baud rate) for

external storage units is automatically set to

2400 Baud.

Data units with other Baud rates can also be

connected (see adjacent table): but for this, the

Baud rate of the control must be reprogrammed.

I

1 Baud = 1 bit/xc

Transfer

blockwise

The TNC 151,TNC 155 can receive machining

programs from an external station via the V.24

data interface. The external station has the supe

rior function of a host computer governing pro-

gram management, program assignment and the

transmlsslon.

Magnetic

tape unit

Connections

Transmission

rate

External data transmission r

Magnetic tape unit

The magnetic tape unit is used for external pro-

gram storage or transfer of programs which have

been compiled on an off-line programming

statlon.

There are two versions available:

ME 101: Portable unit for use on several

machines

ME 102: Pendant type for permanent installation

on one machine

ME 101 and ME 102 each have two XL&data int-

erfaces with the designations TNC and PRT.

TNC-connection: for connection of magnetic

tape unit-control.

PRT-connection: for connection of magnectic

tape unit to - peripheral

unit

These interfaces permit the connection of a

second unit in addition to the TNC-control.

The data transmission rata between the TNC-

control and the magnetic tape unit has been

sat to 2400 Baud. The transmission rate bet-

ween a peripheral unit and the magnetic tape

unit can be adapted via the selector switch on

the rear of the magnetic tape unit.

Possible Baud rates:

110/150/300/600/1200/2400 Baud

v2

External data transmission

Changing the Baud rate

Entry of

Baud rate Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

optional

q

VACANT BLOCKS = . .

Page supplementary modes until

BAUD RATE is displayed.

BAUD BATE = 2400

Key-in Baud rate according to table.

Enter into memory.

v3 I

Magnetic tape

unit ME 101 -

TNC

Magnetic tape

unit ME 102 -

TNC

Magnetic tape

unit ME 102 -

PRT

External data transmission

Cables and connections

ME 101 Transmission cable

No.22442201 No. 21400101

No.21770701

v4

External data transmission

Cables and connections

Magnetic tape

unit/TNC -

Peripheral unit

(e.g. printer)

TXD

Data

transmission

ME --TNC

Dialogue

initiation

Interruption

of data

transmission

External data transmission

Operation

Program management of the control permits the

transfer of individual programs from tape to

the TNC and vice-versa.

Max. 32 programs can be stored on one side of

a magnetic tape cassette. If a program which

exceeds this capacity is read-in or read-out, the

following message is displayed:

= EXCHANGE CASSETTE - ME START =

After exchanging the cassette and restarting the

magnetic tape unit via STAm the remaining pro-

0

gram blocks are transferred.

Data transmission can only be performed in the

programming mode 3 Dialogue for the Vans-

0

fer direction (tape - l-NC or TNC + tape) is

-key. The display indicates

the adjacent transfer modes for selection.

The cursor can be set to the required mode via

the 4 m-keys. Mode start is activated by

0

Mode cancellation is performed with

q

.

Write-release

Write~release

A-side

Data transmission which has been started can be

interrupted by pressing

q

on the TNC and H

on the ME-unit. After interruption of transmission.

the following error message is displayed:

= ME: PROGRAM INCOMPLETE =

After cancellation of the message via

CE

the

0

menu of data transmission modes is displayed.

V6

External data transmission

External data store -+ TNC

Program

directon/ Operating mode ~

Transmission (keys on ME-unit)

Dialogue initiation

PROGRAM DIRECTORY

b@

Enter mode into memon/

EXTERNAL DATA INPUT

Magnetic tape is stalled

I I

-

END = NOENT

10 15 600

All programs which are stored on the mag-

netic tape are displayed. but not transmitted.

Leave mode if desired:

)a

Leave mode

PROGRAMMING AND EDITING

The control is in the PROGRAMMING AND

EDITING mode.

External data transmission

External data store -+ TNC

Read-in

all programs: Operating mode

Transmission

(keys on ME-unit)

Dialogue initiation

READ-IN ALL PROGRAMS

EXTERNAL DATA INPUT

Magnetic tape is started

PROGRAMMING AND EDITING

0 BEGIN PGM24 MM

1

z...

All programs which are stored on the tape

are within the TNC-memory The program

with the highest program number is dis-

played.

V8

External data transmission

External data store + TNC

Operating mode

Transmission

(keys on ME-unit)

Dialogue initiation

READ-IN PROGRAM OFFERED bm

Enter mode into memory

EXTERNAL DATA INPUT

Magnetic tape is started

ENTRY = ENTIOMRREAD = NOENT

22

If offered program is to be transferred. Enter program into memory

If offered program should

not be

transferred Jump to n&t program

ENTRY=ENT/OVERREAD=NOENT

24

The control displays all programs which

are stored on the tape, one after the other.

After display of the program with the high-

est number, the control jumps automati-

cally back to the PROGRAMMING AND

EDITING mode.

External data transmission

External data store + TNC

Read-in

selected

program

Operating mode -

Transmission

(keys on ME-unit)

Dialogue initiation

READ-IN SELECTED PROGRAM

Enter mode into memoiy.

PROGRAM NUMBER =

Key-in reqd. program number.

Enter into memory.

EXTERNAL DATA INPUT

PROGRAMMING AND EDITING

The program offered is now in the TNC.

memory and being displayed.

VlO

External data transmission

TNC + External data store

Operating mode __

Transmission (keys on ME-unit)

Dialogue initiation

READ-OUT SELECTED PROGRAM

EXTERNAL DATA OUTPUT

Magnetic tape is started and stops after output

of screen message.

CIUTPUT = ENTIEND = NOENT

1 17. 13

14 15 24

Transfer the selected

program to the tape.

EXTERNAL DATA OUTPUT

Magnetic tape is started and stops after transfer

of program.

OUTPUT = ENTIEND = NOENT

1 12 13

14 15 24

The cursor is set to the

next program number.

If the mode is to be cancelled

)@

Cancel mode

PROGRAMMING AND EDITING

The control is now in the

PROGRAMMING AND EDITING mode.

vll /

External data transmission

TNC + External data store

Read-out

all programs Operating mode

Transmission

(keys on ME-unit)

Dialogue initiation _

READ-OUT ALL PROGRAMS bm

Enter mode into memory

EXTERNAL DATA OUTPUT

transmission begins.

After data transmissior, the control is in

the PROGRAMMING AllD EDITING mode.

v12

Execution

from an

external store

Data interface

Starting of

“Transfer

blockwise”

External data transmission

Transfer blockwise

In the “transfer blockwise mode*, machining pro-

grams can be transferred and executed from an

external store via the series data interface V.24.

(R-232-C). It is therefore possible to execute

programs which exceed the storage capacity of

the control.

The data interface is programmable via machine

parameters. A detailed description of the inter-

face signals and necessary software adaptation

of the computer is given in the manual *Interface

description TNC 151flNC 155”.

Data transmission from an external store can be

started with the m-key in the modes:

“Single block/Automatic program run” and ‘Test

run”. The control stores the program blocks in

the memory available and interrupts data trans-

mission if the memory capacity is exceeded.

The display shows no program blocks until either

the available memory is full or the complete pro-

gram has been transferred.

Although program blocks are not being dis-

played, program run can be started by pressing

the external STY

Q -button.

,When operating via an external store. only short

positionings are normally executed. In order to

prevent an unnecessary interruption after starting.

a substantial buffer of program blocks should be

stored. It is therefore advantageous to wait until

the available memory is full.

After starting, the executed blocks are automati-

cally erased and further blocks are called-up

from the external store.

\

v14

External data transmission

Transfer blockwise

Overreading If

q

q .

IS pressed and a block number entered

program blocks prior to the starting of “transfer blockwise*, all

blocks prior to the entered block number are

overread.

Interruption

of program

execution

Interruption of execution is possible:

0 by pressing the external stop button and

internal STOP-key.

The display TRANSFER BLOCKWISE remains

after interruption of execution. It is erased if

0 a new program number is called-up

01

0 a mode changeover is made from single

block/Automatic program run to another

operating mode.

Program

structure In the “transfer blockwise- mode the following

applies for program structure:

0 Program calls, Subprogram calls, Program

part repeats and certain program jumps can-

not be executed.

l

Only the last defined tool can be called-up.

(exception: Operation with a central tool

store).

Block

number

The program which is being transferred may

contain blocks with numbers greater than 999.

The block numbers do not have to be consecu-

tive, but should not exceed the number 65534.

With plain language programs, 4.digit block

numbers are displayed in 2 lines on the screen.

VI5 j

External data transmission

Transfer blockwise

Starting of

“TlWk3fer

blockwise”

Operating mode

Dialogue initiation

PROGRAM NUMBER Key-in reqd. program number

g Enter into memon/

TRANSFER BLOCKWISE

Wait until the screen displays

the first blocks. Execute program

Interruption of

“Transfer

blockwise” TRANSFER BLOCKWlSE

Program run is to be interrupted Interrupt program run

Terminate program run

In the 3 -mode. the program which has been

El

started can be interrupted by switching over to

the, > -mode.

El

W6

External data transmission

Output of TNC 155 gra.phics in hardcopy

This is

possible with

the TNC 155

only

(as of software

version 03)

A machining program of the TNC 155 can be

scrutenised with the aid of the graphics feature.

The graphics image on the VDU-screen can be

output via the V.24 (E-232-C) interface and

printed in hardcopy.

The external printer can be adapted to the TNC

155 via machine parameters 226 to 233. The

printing procedure is started by pressing the

!!!, displayed.

key whilst the required graphics image is

The following entry values are applicable to the

Texas Instruments-Printer OMNI

800lModel 850 for machine parameters 226

to 233:

Following entry values apply to the EPSON

Matrix printer:

v17 /

Remarks

Technical description/Specifications

Control

versions TNC 151

with visual display unit BE 111 (g-inch monochrome) or BE 211 (12.inch monochrome) including PLC for

external machine adaptation

TNC 151 A

without separate PLC-l/D-boards

TNC 151 P

inputs and outputs on 1 or 2 separate PLC-l/O-boards

TNC 155

with visual display unit BE 411 (12.inch monochrome) including PLC for machine adaptation

TNC 155 A

without separate PLC-I/O-boards

TNC 155 P

inputs and outputs on 1 or 2 separate PLC-l/O-boards

Control type Contouring control for 4 axes

Linear interpolation in 3 out of 4 axes, Circular interpolation in 2 out of 4 axes. Helical interpolation

Program entry and display either with HEIDENHAIN-plain language dialogue or to IS0 6983 standard

format (G-codes). mm/inch instant conversion for entry values and displays

Display step 0.005 mm or 0.0002 inch or optionally 0.001 mm or 0.0001 inch

Nominal positions (absolute or incremental) in Cartesian or Polar co-ordinates

Entry step down to 0.001 mm or 0.0001 inch or O.OO1°

Operator-

prompting and

displays

Plain language dialogue and fault/error indication (in various languages).

Display of current program block, previous block and 2 successive blocks

Actual position/Nominal position/Target distance/Trailing error display and status

display for ail important program data

Program memory Buffered semiconductor store for 32 NC-programs: Programmable erase/edit protection:

TNC 151

Optional 1200 or 3100 blocks

TNC 155

3100 blocks

Central

tool store

Up to 99 tools for automatic random select toolchangers with variable tool location coding

Operating

modes Manual/Electronic handwheel: Control operates as a digital readout

Positioning with MDI: Positioning block is keyed-in (without entry into memory) and immediately

positioned

Program run in single block: Block-by-block positioning with individual press of button

Automatic mode: After press of button, complete run of program sequence until *programmed

STOF or program end.

Programming (also during program run)

a) with linear or circular interpolation:

Manually (MDI) to program list or workpiece drawing

or externally via V.Z4/RS-232-C data interface (e.g. Magnetic tape unit ME 101/102 from

HEIDENHAIN or other peripheral unit)

b) with single axis operation: additionally by entering actual position data (playback) during

conventional manual machining.

Transfer blockwise: On line operation with a host computer. Programs which exceed the memon/

capacity of the control can be transferred from the host computer in data blocks and simultaneously

executed.

Additional operating modes: mm/inch, character height for position display, Safety zones. User-

parameters (defined by machine tool builder)

Displays for: Vacant blocks, Actual/Nominal position/Target distance/Trailing error. Baud rate. Block

number increment (with ISO-programming)

Tl

Technical description/Specifications

Programmable

functions Linear chamfer

Circular path by circle centre and end point of circular arc/Circular path with tangential run-on by end

point of circular arc/Circular path with tangential transition on both ends by radius only.

Tangential contour approach and departure

Tool number. tool length and radius compensation

Spindle speed

Rapid traverse

Feed rate

Call-up of programs into other programs (4 x nesting)

Subprograms/Program part repeats (8 x nesting)

Canned cycles for: Peclcing, Tapping, Slot milling, Rectangular pocket milling. Circular pocket

Co-ordinate transformarions:

Datum shift. Co-ordinate system rotation, Mirror image. Scaling

Dwell time

Auxiliary functions M

Program Stop

Parameter Mathematical functions (=, +. -, x. +. sine. cosine. Lm)

programming Parameter comparison (=, +, >. <)

Program test TNC 151iTNC 155: Analytical program test without graphics

without machine TNC 155 only: Graphics simulation of machining program

mO”Hlle”t Display modes: in three planes,

view with depth shading,

3D-view

Program editing Editing of block-words, inseition of program blocks, deletion of program blocks;

Search routines or finding blocks with common criteria within a program.

Program run conti- The control simplifies continuation of program run by storing all important program data.

nuation after inter-

ruption

Touch probe

functions For setting-up operatiorl in the “manual” or “electronic handwheel” mode.

Detection of workpiece attitude on the machine table through point probing.

Definition of a comer pOsition or centrepoint and workpiece rotation.

Programmable: Setting of a workpiece surface as datum.

Data

interface Standard series interface to CCIT-recommendation V.Z4/EIA-standard P&232-C

Programmable Baud rai:es: 110. 150, 300, 600. 1200. 2400. 4800. 9600 Baud

Extended interface with control character and block check character BCC for “transfer blockwise--

mode and “execution of machining programs”.

Monitoring

system The control monitors the functioning of important electronic subassemblies including positioning

systems. position transducers and important machine functions.

If a fault is discovered \lia this monitoring system. it is indicated in plain language on the visual display

unit (VDU) and the machine emergency stop is activated.

Reference After a power failure, automatic re-generation of datum setting by traversing over transducer reference

mark evaluation mark.

Max. traversing + 30 m or 1181 inches

distance

Max. traversing 16 m/min. or 630 incheslmin.

speed

Feed rate

and spindle

override

Two potentiomet&s on the control panel

T2

Technical description/Specifications

Positioti

transducers HEIDENHAIN incremental linear transducers or rotary encoders

Signal cycle 0.02 mm or 0.01 mm or 0.1 mm (with R-Version via EXE)

Limit switches Softwarecontrolled limit switches for axis movements

(X+/X-/Y+/Y-/Z+/Z- and IV+/IV-). Each traversing range is entered as a machine parameter.

Additional programmable safety zones.

Integral PLC

for machine

adaptation

1000 user-markers (without power failure protection)

1000 user-markers (with power failure protection)

1024 fixed allocated markers

16 counters, 32 timers

Inputs/outputs for TNC 151 AITNC 155 A:

23 inputs (24 V =, ca. 10 mA)

24 outputs (24 V =, max. 50 mA)

PLC board for TNC 151 P/TNC 155 P:

63 [+63) inuuts 124 V =, ;a. 10 mAi

PLlOO: 31 (+31) outputs (24 V =, max. 1.2 A)

PLllO: 25 (+25) outputs (24 V =, max. 1.2 A) + 3 (f3) bipolar output pairs (15 V =, 300 mA)

External power supply for PLC: 24 V = + IO%/- 15%

Option: specific macro-commands fwtoolchanger (fixed or variable tool location coding)

Control inputs Transducers X. Y, Z. IV

TNC 15VTNC 155 Electronic handwheel (HR 150 or HR 250) or 2 electronic handwheels (HE 310)

(with standard- Start Stoo. Ravid traverse

bLC-program) Feedback’sign81: “Auxiliary function completed’

Feed rate release

Manual activation (opens positioning loop)

Feedback signal; emergency stop-supervision

Reference end position X. Y. Z, IV

Reference pulse inhibit X. Y. Z. IV

Machine traverse buttons X. Y. Z. IV

External feed rate potentiometer

Control

outputs 1 analogue output each for X, Y. 2, IV (with automatic offset-adjustment)

TNC 15VTNC 155 One analogue output for S

(with standard- Axis release X. Y. Z. IV

PLC-program) -Control in operation-

M-strobe signal

S-strobe signal

T-strobe signal

8 outputs fdr M. S- and ‘T-functions coded

OCoolanr ofr; “Coolant on-

-Spindle counter-clockwise*

“Spindle stop”

“Spindle clockwise”

Spindle lock on

Control in “automatic* operating mode

Emergency stop

Mains power

SUPPlY

Selectable 100/120/140/200/220/240 V + IO%/- 15%. 48.. .62 Hz

PCWSr

consumption

TNC 151

ca. 60 W (with 9 or 12.inch VDU)

TNC 155

Logic and control unit ca. 45 W.

VDU ca. 40 W

Ambient Operation 0.. .45” C (32.. ,113’ F).

temperature Storage m30...70°C (-22...158’F)

T3

Technical description/Specifications

Weight

Control TNC 151,‘TNC 155: 12 kg (26 lb.)

Visual display unit BE ’ 11 (9 inch): 6.8 kg (15 lb.)

Visual display unit BE 211/BE 411 (12 inch): 10 kg (24 lb.),

PLC-board PL lOO/PL 110: 1.2 kg (2.6 lb.) (TNC 151 PflNC 155 P)

T4

With infra-red

transmission

TS 510

SE 510

APE 510

With cable

TS 110

APE 110

Technkal description/Specifications

Triggering 3D-touch probe

Probing reproducibility better than 1 pm

Probing speed max. 3 mjmin.

Stylus with deliberate fracturing point

Ball tip material: ruby

Shank and stylus versions to customer specifications

Infra-red transmission

2 signal transmitters (at 0” and 180”)

1 st&ng signal receiver (at 0”)

Possible signal beam direction to spindle axis (please specify when ordering): 90/60/30”

Distance: 3D-touch probe - transmitter/receiver unit 500.. .2000 mm

Operating voltage:

4 micro-sized Ni-Cd-batteries

Max. operating duration per charge:

Measuring operation 8 hours: standby operation 1 month

Standard supply: Seconcl battery set and external charging unit (220 V. 50 Hz)

Protection: IP 55 DIN 40050/IEC 529

Interface to NC contrail

The interface comprises a transmitter and receiver unit including matching electronics

Transmitter and receiver unit:

Diameter 80 mm; Length 49 mm

Cable length 3 m

Protection: IP 66 - DIN 40050/IEC 529

Matching electronics:

Within aluminium diecas-: housing: LxWxH 175x80~57 mm

Max. cable length 20 m

Protection: IP 64 - DIN 400501lEC 529

Triggering 3D-touch probe

Technical specifications as per 3D-touch probe for infra-red transmission however. without infra-red

transmitter/receiver

Max. cable length 3 m

Matching electronics

Within aluminium diecast housing: LxWxH 175x80~57 mm

Max. cable length 20 m

Protection: IP 64 - DIN 40050/IEC 529

T5

Dimensions

Logic/Operating unit

TNC 151 4/P TNC 151 AR/PR

TNC 151 E/V TNC 151 ER/VR

Dimensions in mm w

T6

Dimensions

Logic/Operating unit

TNC 155 A/P TNC 155 AR/PR

TNC 155 E/V TNC 155 ER/VR

,-

Dimensions in mm @-

Dimensions

Visual display unit BE 111 (9 inches)

DiAznsions in mm *

2‘1

I

TS

Dimensions

Visual display unit BE 211 (12 inches)

Dimensions in mm w

-

A

L

Dimensions

Visual display unit BE 411

Dimensions in mm @($&

T10

Dimensions

PLC-Board PL lOO/PL 110

c

bimensions in mm *

Tl

Dimensions

Touch probe system

7

TS 510

T12

Dimensions

Touch probe system

Dimensions in mm M

Transmitter/Receiver unit

Index

A

Absolute dimensions KIO, P17, P22, DIO

0 IS0 DlO

0 Plain lanauaae PI7

Adjoining arcs _

0 IS0

0 Plain language -

Advanced stop distance t

Angle reference axis _

Approach command M95

Approach command M96

Approach command M98

Arc with tangential connection (see Adjoining arcs)

Auxiliary functions M _

0 freely selectable _

l

which affect program run

B

P46

D16

D47

P86

K2

P61

P60

P46

P30

P33

P32

Basic rotation

- entry

Baud rate

- entry

Blank (Graphics) ~

BLK FORM (Blank form)

Block call-up

Block deletion ~

Block insertion ~

Block number ~

Block number increment

Buffer battery ~

Al 1

Al2

El2

V2

PI30

P130. PI 33

PI22

PI24

P2

E12, D5

VI6

C

C (see Circular interpoiation)

Calibration

- effective length -

-sentry

- effective radius _

entry

Canned cycles

CC (see Circle centre/Pole)

CE-key

Chain dimensions

Chamfers

l IS0

0 Plain language -

Circle centre

l IS0

0 Plain language _

Circle centre = Datum

- entry

Circular interpolation

0 IS0

0 Plain language _

Circular path

l IS0

0 Plain language _

Circular pocket ~

l IS0

0 Plain language

Code number ~

Connecting cable (ME:,

P40

A3

A4

A7

A8

P82

P20, P40

P4

KIO, P17. P22, DIO

P50

D18

P51

P20, P40

D15

P21

A23

A24

P40

D14. D15, D16

P43. P45

P40

D14. D15. D16

P43. P45

PI04

D24

v4

El6

v4

T14

Index

C continued

Contour approach in a straight path P56

0 Path angle ” equal to 180” P57

0 Path angle ” greater than 180” P59

0 Path angle ” less than 180° P58

Contdur approach on a” arc P54

l IS0

D19

0 Plain language P55

Contouring keys ~ P18

Conversion mm/inch _ El0

Cosine (Parameter definition) P74

CT (see Adjoining arcs) P46

Co-ordinates Kl, P17

0 Cartesian Kl. P18

l

Polar (see Polar co-ordinates) K2. P22

0 Programming PI 9, P23

0 Right-angled Kl, PI8

Co-ordinate axes Kl

Co-ordinate system Kl

Co-ordinate system rotation PI14

0 IS0 D26

0 Plain language P115

Co-ordinate transformations P82

Corner = Datum ~ Al7

- entry Al8

QCk

P82

- call P82

cancellation P85

- definition P82

- deletion PI24

- parameters D21

D

D (Address letter)

Data transmission ~

Datum, setting

Datum shift

a IS0

0 Plain language ~

Deletion of block

Departing from a contour in a straight path

0 Path angle equal to 180°

0 Path angle greater than 180”

0 Path angle less tharl 180’

Departing from a contour on an arc

l

IS0

0 Plain language ~

Departure command M98

Dialogue prompting -

Direction of rotation -

0 Angle

l

Circular interpolation

l

Circular pocket milling

0 Pocket milling (rectangular)

DR (see Direction of rotation)

Dwell time

l

IS0

0 Plain language

l

Within a machining cycle

D30

Vl

K9

PI10

D25

Pl 11

P124

P56

P57

P59

P58

P54

D19

P55

P60

P2

P40

K2. PI 14

P40

PI04

P98

P40

PI18

D26

PI19

P86

T15

Index

E

Edit (see Erase/Edit prctection) P6

0 IS0 D8

l

Plain language

Editing of block words,

Electronic handwheel

Ellipse (programming example)

Emergency stop

END-key

Enlargement (Scaling) .

- Graphics

ENT-key

Erase (see Erase/Edit protection)

0 IS0

0 Plain language

Erase/Edit protection -

F

PI 42

P122

M2

P80

PI 50

P3

P117

P142

P3

P6

D8

PI42

P6

F (Address)

F (see Feed rate)

Fast image data processing (Graphics)

Feed rate

0 within a canned cycle

0 override

- constant on external corners M90

FN (see Parameter-function)

Freely programmable cycles (Program call)

l

IS0

0 Plain language -

D25, D26

P30. D12

PI 33

P30. D12

P86

Ml, P146. P162

P27

P70

PI20

D26

P121

G

G (Address)

G-functions

GOT0 (see Block call-up and Jump)

Graphics

0 Start

0 stop

H

D6

P122

P130

P134. P135

P134, PI37

H (Address)

Helical interpolation

l IS0

0 Plain language

I

D13

P52

D16

P53

I (Adbress) D13

If equal. jump P76

If greater than. jump P78

If - jump P76

If less than. jump P78

If unequal. jump P78

Increase (Scaling) _ PI17

Incremental dimensions Kl 0. PI 7. P22. DIO

l

IS0 DlO

0 Plain language PI7

Infinite loop P64

Inserting a block - P124

Interpolation factor (Electronic handwheel) M2

Interruption of power E4

T16

Index

J

J (Address) D13

Jump (conditional) P76

l IS0

0 Plain language

Jump (unconditional) _

l

IS0

0 Plain language

K

D31

P77

P62

D28

P63

K (see Address)

k (see Stepover)

Keyboard

0 for IS0 (Fold-out page)

0 for plain language (Fold-out page)

D13

P99

Dl

L

L (see Linear interpolation)

Label

0 call

0 number

a set

LBL

LBL CALL

LBL SET

Limits (safety zones)

Linear interpolation

0 Three-dimensional (3D)

0 Two-dimensional (2D)

P34

P62

P63

El4

P63

P34

M (Address)

Machine axes

Machining cycles ~

0 IS0

0 Plain language ~

Machine parameters

0 table of

Magnetic tape u,nit

MAGN (see Magnify)

Magnify (Graphics) _

Manual operation

ME (see Magnetic tape unit)

M-function

Milling depth

Mirror image

0 IS0

0 Plain language

Miscellaneous function

mm/inch changeover

MOD-function

MP (see Machine parameters)

P30

K3

P82, P84

D19

P83

V16

PI68

v3

PI42

P142

Ml

v3

P30

P92. P98. PI 04

PI12

D25

PI13

P30

El0

E8

V16

N

N (Address)

NC: Software number

Nesting

NO ENT-key

D5

El6

P66

P3

T17

Index

0

Override Ml, P146, P162

- feed ride Ml, P146, PI62

- spindle speed - Ml, P146, P162

P

P (Address) (see Cycle parameter and Parameter definition)

P (Display and key) (see Polar co-ordinates)

Paging

- within definitions _

- within parameter definition

within cycle program

Parameters

- definition

e IS0

@ Plain language

- function

- Senlng

e IS0

@ Plain language

Path angle

Path/Radius compensation

e IS0

@ Plain language

- Correction of path intersection

- on external ccrners

on internal corners

- Termination M98 -

- with single axis positioning blocks

e IS0

@ Plain language -

Peck-drilling

e ISO

0 Plain language ~

Pecking depth

Peripheral unit ~

Plan view (Graphics) -

Playback

PLC: Software number

Pocket milling ~

e ISO

e Plain language

Polar co-ordinates -

Angle

e ISO

0 Plain language -

- Radius

0 IS0

0 Plain language

Pole

0 IS0

0 Plain language -

Position display ~

Position display enlarged/small

Positioning with MDI -

Power interrupted

Program

- amendments ~

call

- call (cycle)

0 IS0

0 Plain language -

DZI. D30

P23

P122

P83

P71

PI22

P70

D30

P71

P70

D30

P71

P56

P24

D17

P25

P26

P28. P60

PI 55

D17

P157

P86

D21

P87

P86. P98

VI

PI33

PI58

El6

P98

D23

PI01

K2, P22

P22

DIO

P23

P22

DlO

P23

P20

D13, D15

P21

El0

El2

PI 62

E4

PI

P122

P6

PI20

D26

PI 21

Index

P continued

- clearing P126

corrections (see Program editing) P122

- directory v7

- edit protection P6, P8

editing P3. PI22

- entry P6

l IS0 Dl

0 Plain language P7

- erase protection _ P126

- jump P7

0 if (conditional) _ P76

l * IS0 D31

00 Plain language P77

0 into another program P68

em IS0 D29

00 Plain language _ P69

l unconditional _ P62

l o IS0 D28

00 Plain language P63

- label P62

0 IS0 D28

l Plain language _ P63

- length P6

- number P6

- part repeat P64

l IS0 D28

0 Plain language P64

- protection P7

- run P146

0 automatic P146, D150

0 continuation P148. P151, P152

l interruption ~ PI48

0 single block ~ P146. P150

l termination ~ PI48

stop PI5

- supervision (see Program test and Search routines) P128, Pi 26

test P128

Program entry in ISO-format Dl

Program management P6. D5

Program menu ~ P6. V7

Protection (Erase/Edit) _ P6

l IS0 D8

0 Plain language PI42

Q

Q (Address)

0 DEFmkey P70

P70

R

R (Address)

Radius compensation -

- with normal program blocks

- with single axis milling

Rectangular Pocket (see Pocket milling)

Read-in program offerecl

Read-in selected prograin

Read-in tape contents

Read-out all programs

Read-out selected program

Reduction (Scaling) -

Reference mark ~

passing over ~

Pll. P22. P48. DIO. D18

P24

P155

P98

v9

VI0

V8

VI2

VI 1

PI17

K5

E4

Tls

Index

Reference position _

Reference signal ~

Relative tool movement

REP (see Program repeat)

Repetition

RND (see Rounding of comers)

ROT (see Rotation angle)

Rotation angle ROT -

Rounding of comers -

a IS0

0 Plain language -

Rounding-off radius _

Run-off contour

Run-on contour ~

s

K5

K3

P64

P64. P67

P49

‘PI15

PI14

P48

D18

P49

P48

P54. P56

S (Address) PI 5. D9

Scaling D25, P116, PI17

Scaling factor ~ PI16

l

IS0 D25

l

Plain language _ PI17

SCL (see Scaling factor) PI17

Screen display (opposite) El

Screen displays (modes E6

Search routines P126

Set-up clearance ~ P86

Sine (Parameter definition) P74

Single axis machining. PI55

0 IS0 D12

# Plain language - PI57

Slot milling P92

0 IS0 D22

0 Plain language ~ P95

Snap-on keyboard for IS0 Dl

Spindle axis PI4

Spindle override ~ Ml, P146. PI62

Spindle rotation direction (M-function) P32, P84

Square root (Parameter definition) P72

0 root of sum of square (Pythagoras) P75

0 square root ~ P72

Standard format (see Program entry in ISO-format) Dl

Stepover k P99

STOP PI5

Straight paths ~ P34

e IS0 D12, D13

0 Plain language - P37. P39

Subprogram P65

- repetiton P67

Subroutines (see SubpI-ogram) P65

Supplementary operating modes E8

Surface = Datum A14. A26

IS0 D27

- entry D27

- Plain language ~ A14. A26

entry A15. A27

Switch-on (control) - E4

Switchover lSO/Plain language and vice-versa D3

T20

Index

T

T (Address) D9

t (see Advanced stop) P86

Tapping P90

a IS0 D21

0 Plain language P91

Termination of path compensation M98 P60

Three dimensional (3D)+polation (see Linear interpolation) P34

Three dimensional (3D)-view P132

TOOI PlO

- call PI4

l

IS0 DS

0 Plain language P15

- compensation ~ PI0

a IS0 D9

0 Plain language P13, P15

0 with playback PI 59

- change PI4

definition PI0

l

IS0 D9

0 Plain language PI3

- length PI0

l

ISO- DS

0 Plain IangLlage PI3

number PIO. PI4

a IS0 DS

0 Plain language P13. PI5

- radius PI 1

l

IS0 DS

0 Plain language - PI3

TOOL axis PI4

TOOL CALL PI4

TOOL CALL 0 PI4

TOOL DEF _ PI0

Total hole depth (pecking) P86

Touch probe Al

Touch probe function, general A2

TOUCH PROBE-key _ A2

Transducer K5

Transfer blockwise (data) VI

Transmission rate for data (see Baud rate) v2

Two-D, (2D)-linear interpolation (see Linear interpolation) P34

U

Unconditional jump

l IS0

0 Plain language ~

User parameters ~

V

P62

D28

P63

El6

Vacant blocks

View in three planes (Graphics)

E8

PI32

T21

Index

w

Working spindle axis.

Workpiece

- COntOUr

datum (setting)

Write release ~

X

P14

P17

K6. K9

V6

Y

z

Zero tooi PI0

T22

Error messages

ANGLE REFERENCE MISSING P42, P46

BLK FORM DEFINITION INCORRECT D32

BLOCK FORMAT INCORRECT Dl

CIRCLE END POS. INCORRECT P42. P46

CYCL INCOMPLETE PI52

EMERGENCY STOP ~ PI 50

P64. P66

E3. P166

A2

EXCESSIVE SUBPROGRAMMING

EXCHANGE BUFFER BATERY

EXCHANGE TOUCH PROBE BAiTERY

G-CODE GROUP ALREADY ASSIGNED

ILLEGAL G-CODE ~

MIRROR IMAGE ON TOOL. AXIS

Dl. D7

D7

PI12

PATH OFFSET WRONGLY STARTED

PLANE WRONGLY DEFINED

PGM-SECTION CANNOT BE SHOWN

POWER INTERRUPTED

PROBE SYSTEM NOT READY

PROGRAM MEMORY EXCEEDED

PROGRAM START UNDEFINED

P40

P48, P50

P134

D3, E4, E8

A2

PI24

P152. DIO. D14

RELAY EXT. DC VOLTAGE MISSING

ROUNDING RADIUS 7001. LARGE

SELECTED BLOCK NOT ADDRESSED

SPINDLE ROTATES MISSING

TOOL CALL MISSING

TOUCH POINT INACCESSIBLE

WRONG AXIS PROGRAMMED

WRONG RPM

D3. E4

P48

PI 51

P84

A2

PI13

PI4

T23

Auxiliary functions M

Letter addresses (ISO)

Program entry in ISO-format

?rlands

IO 481

l = G-codes which are onlv effective blockwise

HEIDENHAIN

DR. JOHANNES HEIDENHAlN GmbH

D-8225 Traunreut ‘Tel. (08669) 31-O

1

DBnemark Danemark Denmark

W. H. GRIB tt CO. A/S

Bredgade 34

DK-1260 Kmbenhavn K

Tel. (01) 139300, Telex 19300

T&fax (01) 119399

Niederlande Pays-&s Netherlands

HEIDENHAIN NEDERLAND B.“.

Landjuweel 5

I

Post Box 107

NL-3900 AC Veenendaal

Tel. (08385) 16509/16512. Telex30481

T&fax (08385) 17287

,

Operating Manual TNC 151 A/P, 155 A/P Heidenhain AP Conversational Programming

Navigation menu

Versions of this User Manual:

Views

Navigation