Horis Manual

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Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual
Kanardia d.o.o.
January 2017

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

Contact Information
Publisher and producer:
Kanardia d.o.o.
Lopata 24 a
SI-3000
Slovenia
Tel: +386 40 360 512
Email: info@kanardia.eu
A lot of useful and recent information can be also found on the Internet. See http://www.
kanardia.eu for more details.

Copyright
This document is published under the Creative Commons, Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported licence. Full license is available on http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/
3.0/legalcode web page and a bit more human readable summary is given on http:
//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. In short, the license gives you right to
copy, reproduce and modify this document if:
you cite Kanardia d.o.o. as the author of the original work,
you distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one.

Credits
This document was written using TeTeX (LATEX) based document creation system using Kile
running on Linux operating system. Most of figures were drawn using Libre Office Draw,
Inkscape and Bricscad applications. Photos and scanned material was processed using Gimp.
Sam2p was used to convert pictures into eps format. All document sources are freely available
on request under the license mentioned above and can be obtained by email. Please send
requests to info@kanardia.eu.

Revision History
The following table shows the revision history of this document.
Rev.
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3

Date
July 2015
November 2015
June 2016
January 2017

Description
Initial release
RS-232 pin desciption and NMEA out.
Horis 80 mm.
Compass, direction indicator, white line.

Acknowledgement
We thank Mr. John Delafield from LX Avionics UK for revising the manual.

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

CONTENTS

Contents
1 Introduction

1.1

General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2

Technical Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 Installation & Maintenance

2.1

Mounting Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2

Space Behind the Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3

Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3.1

Static - Pst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3.2

Total Pressure - Ptot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3.3

CAN Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3.4

Power - PWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3.5

GPS Antenna - GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3.6

Outside Air Temperature - OAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3.7

RS-232 Port (NMEA Out) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.4

Levelling AHRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.5

Compass Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.6

Maintenance

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.7

Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 AD-AHRS and Direction Indicator Screens

3.1

The AD-AHRS Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2

The Directional Indicator Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 Operations

4.1

Adjusting QNH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.2

Adjusting Direction Indicator Bug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.3

Setting the Neutral Pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.4

Diminishing the Brightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5

Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5.1

Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5.2

Airspeed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5.3

Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5.4

AHRS Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5.5

Direction Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5.6

Pitostatic Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5.7

Compass Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5.8

Compass Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5.9

NMEA Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5.10 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5.11 About . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

CONTENTS

5 Limited Conditions

5.1

Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.2

TSO Information — Limited Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

1. Introduction

Introduction

First of all we would like to thank you for purchasing our Horis device. Horis AD-AHRS is
an electronic device, which includes several state of the art sensors and combines them into
a small PFD display. It fits into a standard 57 mm (2 14 ”) / 80 mm (3 18 ”) panel hole. It can
serve as a standalone PFD display and it may be used as primary instrument or as a perfect
backup.
This manual describes the technical description of the unit, installation and operation.

CAUTION: Horis is not TSO approved as a flight instrument.

1.1

General Description

Horis is an electronic device. It consists of a set of sensors and an LCD display. Majority
of sensors are built into its compact housing: static pressure, dynamic pressure, 3 axis accelerometer, 3 axis angular rate and GPS receiver. Only GPS antenna and OAT sensor are
externally mounted. All sensors are solid state - there are no moving parts, which means less
problems with fatigue and aging.
Horis has two processors: sensor processor and display processor. The sensor processor reads
sensors and calculates airdata, attitude, GPS and other values using special sensor fusion
algorithms. These values are passed to CAN bus where other CAN devices may use also
them. The display processor monitors the CAN bus and it displays the information on LCD
display.
One push/rotate knob is used for the operations. User interface is optimized so only minimal
interaction is required to operate the instrument.

1.2

Technical Specification

Table 1 on page 6 lists basic specifications of Horis.

Installation & Maintenance

Horis requires a standard size 57/80 mm hole in the instrument panel. Position of the hole
must ensure good access for knob operations and it must always be visible from the pilot’s
perspective.

2.1

Mounting Procedure

The mounting screw holes are located on a circle of 66/89 mm diameter. The instrument is
mounted using three screws type M4 and one M6 insert1 . To prevent internal stresses, please
make sure that the instrument panel is flat. The fourth hole is used for the knob axle. Figure
1 illustrates the mounting hole.
Remove the mounting screws from the instrument and then remove the knob. Use finger nail
or sharp knife to remove the cap from the knob, but be careful not to cut the cup away. Once
the cap is removed, use flat screwdriver and loosen the screw. Slide the knob from its axle.
1

Only Horis 80 mm.

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

Description
Weight
Size
Operational voltage
Power consumption
Current
Operating temperature
Humidity
Panel hole
Barometric sensor
QNH range
Airspeed sensor
Acceleration
Angular rate
GPS
OAT
Communication
Sensor processor
Display processor
Display
Start-up time

2.2

Space Behind the Panel

Value
57 mm: 176 g (cca 230 g with GPS antenna and OAT cable)
80 mm: 245 g (cca 300 g with GPS antenna and OAT cable)
57 mm: 62.5 x 62.5 x 45 (64 with connectors) mm
80 mm: 82 x 82 x 45 (64 with connectors) mm
5 to 32 V
57 mm: 1.98 W
80 mm: 3.18 W
57 mm: 165 mA at 12 V
80 mm: 265 mA at 12 V
-30 ◦ C to +85 ◦ C
30 % to 90 %, non condensing
57 mm (2.25 inch) diameter, standard fit
80 mm (3.125 inch) diameter, standard fit
24 bit, 10 to 1200 hPa, 20 cm resolution
590 to 1080 hPa, (17.42 to 31.89 inHg)
12 bit, 0 to 50 hPa, 325 km/h, resolution less than 0.1 km/h
Option: 0 to 100 hPa, 460 km/h
16 bit, 3D, dynamic range 0 to 16 g, typ. resolution 0.12 mg
16 bit, 3D, 250◦ /s, resolution 0.009◦ /s
10 Hz, 66 channel, hot start 1 s, cold 35 s, sensitivity -165 dBm
12 bit, range -55 to 125◦ C, 0.5◦ C accuracy
CAN bus, 29 bit header, 500 kbit, Kanardia protocol
RS 232, NMEA out only, 9600 baud (default)
32 bit, ARM Cortex M3, 80 Mhz
32 bit, ARM Cortex M3 - LCD, 120 Mhz
57 mm: 320 x 240 pix, diagonal 2.55”, 16 bit full colour, super bright
80 mm: 320 x 240 pix, diagonal 3.45”, 16 bit full colour, super bright
System less than 1 s, AHRS about 5 s.

Table 1: Technical specifications of Horis instrument.
Insert the instrument from the back side of the instrument panel. Fix three mounting screws
and insert the knob back to the axle. Tighten the knob and make sure it does not rub the
panel and ensure that it can be pushed in and out for the system operation. Put the cap
back.

2.2

Space Behind the Panel

Horis requires only minimal space behind the instrument panel. Depth of housing is 40 mm,
connectors require additional 19 mm and cables and tubing require about 20 mm as shown
on Figure 2.

2.3

Connections

Figure 3 illustrates all connections at the back side of the instrument.

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

2.3

Connections

(a) 57 mm
(b) 80 mm

Figure 1: Instrument panel cutout and mounting holes. Some tolerance has been incorporated. Warning: Figure may not be in scale.

Figure 2: Side view of Horis. Only minimal space is required behind the panel. Figure shows
57 mm version, but 80 mm dimensions are the same.

Horis must be connected to the pitostatic system.
AHRS will not work properly when pitostatic is not connected.

2.3.1

Static - Pst

The instrument must be connected to the static pressure source. Static source is usually
obtained from pressure sources located on fuselage side surfaces or from the static port on
pitot tube.

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

2.3

Connections

Figure 3: Back view of the instrument with connections. 57 mm version is shown.
Locate the existing tube, cut it at an appropriate place and insert a T junction. Install a
new tube from junction to the instrument.
It is highly recommended to keep the static tubing as short as possible. The tubing must
avoid sharp bends and twists. The tubing must be airtight. Water must not be allowed to
enter the tubing.
We strongly recommend labelling each tube before connecting to Horis or any other instrument. If you ever have to remove Horis from the instrument panel, this will help a lot during
re-installation.
Two standard plastic T junctions are included in the Horis package.
2.3.2

Total Pressure - Ptot

Total pressure connection comes from the pitot tube. Same principles as with static connection apply.
2.3.3

CAN Bus

Connection to the CAN bus is optional and is not required for normal operation.
When Horis is not connected to the bus, you need to insert the terminator plug into one
CAN connector. The terminator plug is a plain RJ45 plug with 120 Ω resistor.
When connected to the bus, Horis will transmit a large amount of information: attitude,
altitude, position, temperature, baro-settings, health status etc. Slave units connected on
the bus (round altimeter, airspeed indicator, etc.) are capable of using this information.
Use standard RJ45 ethernet cable to connect Horis with other Kanardia equipment.
2.3.4

Power - PWR

Connect supplied power cable at the back of the instrument. Power connector has a notch
on one side, which protects against wrong polarity.
Connect blue lead to negative (ground) terminal and red lead to positive (+12-24 V) terminal.
A 1 A slow fuse or similar shall be used on the positive lead.

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

2.3.5

2.3

Connections

GPS Antenna - GPS

Please consider mounting GPS antenna, as follows:
Find a good spot in a cabin where the antenna is able to see blue sky during most of the
aircraft movement. Such a good spot can be usually found on the top of the instrument
panel cover, just below the canopy.
Mounting surface should be flat, clean and rigid.
Avoid close proximity to any transmitting antennas like radio stations, transponders or
any other active GPS antennas (GPS antennas may interfere each other).
Antenna must not be covered or obstructed by metals (metals sheets, rods) or any other
conductive material (like carbon fibres).
The triangle/GPS text must point upwards, to the sky. For the installation use selfadhesive tape and fix the antenna on a rigid and clean surface. Supplied antenna is not
intended to be installed on the aircraft exterior. If you need to install the antenna on
the external surface, search a suitable antenna in your local avionics shop. Any 3.3 V
active antenna with SMA male connector can be used.

The antenna is used as an additional stabilization of artificial horizon and as a source for the
tracking azimuth. In general, it is not required and artificial horizon works well even without
it.
2.3.6

Outside Air Temperature - OAT

Outside air temperature (OAT) probe is shipped with Horis. This is a digital temperature
sensor inserted into a threaded aluminium tube. Default OAT cable length is 1.5 meters but
other lengths are available on request.
OAT information is required to calculate true airspeed from indicated airspeed and altitude,
as well as to provide you with the outside temperature information.
In order to provide accurate measurements, OAT probe must be installed on a proper place
where the probe is not exposed to the disturbing sources of heat:
engine heat and exhaust heat,
direct sunlight,
heated air exited from cabin.

We also do not recommend installing the probe in the heated cabin area, since the elevated
temperature in the cabin may influence the back side of the probe, though such influence is
usually small.
Please follow these steps to install the OAT probe:
1. Locate a spot in the aircraft taking into account the considerations from above and
drill a φ 8 mm hole.
2. Remove the external nut from the probe but keep the washer, internal nut and plastic
insulation tube on the probe.
9

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

2.3

Connections

3. Install the probe into the hole from the interior. Guide the cable to the Horis back
panel.
4. Apply some lock-tight and thread the external nut to the probe. The lock-tight is
necessary to avoid losing the cap due to vibrations.
5. Tighten the internal nut so that the probe sits firmly and apply lock-tight on the nut.
Do not over tight it.
6. Slide the plastic insulation tube over the exposed threads of the probe and cover as
much threads as possible. Shrink the tube using hot air blower. Do not use open flame.
Plastic insulation (shrink) tube also serves as thermal insulation for the sensor located
in the tip.
2.3.7

RS-232 Port (NMEA Out)

Important: Instruments produced before 1.7.2016 may not have this port active.
The RS-232 port is used for communication with other instruments. You need a standard
RJ12 (6P6C) connector to connect to the port. The table 2 defines the pinout and figure 4
illustrates pin ordering and connector position.

Figure 4: Illustration of the pin out of the RS-232 port.

Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6

Description
GND – ground.
RX – receive data.
TX – transmit data.
GND – ground.
Not used.
+12V out – used to power some device.

Table 2: Description of pins for the serial RS-232 communication.
In most cases you only to connect two or three pins – pins 1-3. Pins 4 and 6 are used only
when you use Horis as a power source.
By default Horis transmits NMEA GGA and RMC sentences on pin 3. In order to listen to
these sentences, you need to connect pin 1 (GND) with GND on the listening device and pin
3 (TX) with the RX pin on the listening device. Default settings are 9600 baud, 8 bit data
size, no parity and one stop bit a.k.a. 9600 8N1. You can choose different baud rate, but you
can’t change parity or stop bit.

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

2.4

Levelling AHRS

During assembly of the AHRS unit into the Horis and during installation of Horis into the
instrument panel, a small misalignment may appear. This means that internal axes of the
AHRS unit are not parallel to the aircraft axes – the AHRS unit is slightly rotated. Such
misalignment can be perfectly adjusted without loss of precision using the procedure described
next.
Place aircraft on flat surface and put it into cruise attitude. Use supports and lift tail
or nose if necessary.
Please make sure that aircraft is level for both, roll and pitch. Make also sure that
Horis is turned on for at least five minutes – this warms up the internal electronics and
stabilizes numerical filters.
Once the aircraft is level and steady, select the AHRS level option from the settings
menu to start the automatic calibration procedure. See also Section 4.5.4 on page 17.
Wait for the progress bar to finish and observe the roll and pitch numerical values. At
the end they should stabilize. These values tell the misalignment angles and Horis will
use them for the compensation. Window closes automatically.

Figure 5: Illustration of automatic AHRS leveling procedure.
Horis can easily compensate misalignements in roll and pitch up to 20◦ or even more. However
it can’t compensate for heading misalignment. Thus, please make sure that the part of
instrument panel where Horis is mounted is perpendicular to the flight direction. If this
is not the case, Horis will not function properly, even if roll and pitch compensations were
perfectly made.

2.5

Compass Calibration

If Magu magnetic compass is connected to Horis, then it is essential to perform the compass
calibration procedure. Please refer to the Magu manual (not included here) for the compass
installation and calibration procedure. The latest versions of manuals can be always found
on our web site www.kanardia.eu.

2.6

Maintenance

No special maintenance is required. A static leak test should be performed annually and
calibration check biannually. In case of small deviation use the procedure described in Section
4.5.6.

2.7

Repair

Horis has no repairable parts inside. In case of malfunction it must be sent to factory for
repair.
11

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual 3. AD-AHRS and Direction Indicator Screens

AD-AHRS and Direction Indicator Screens

Horis can show two different screens: AD-AHRS and Direction Indicator. The Direction
Indicator screen is not enabled by default. You have to enable it in settings.
With both screens enabled, simply push the knob to change between them.

3.1

The AD-AHRS Screen

Typically, the AD-AHRS screen appears as soon as Horis is powered on. The screen layout
has been optimised. Figure 6 shows the screen.

Figure 6: Horis AD-AHRS screen with the markings.
The following parameters are shown on the screen:
1. Indicated airspeed indicator shows airspeed obtained from the differential pressure sensor and the speed tape.
2. GPS status signal. Three green bars indicate normal operation (3D fix), one yellow bar
indicates marginal 2D fix and and a red cross of the gray bars indicates loss of signal.
Note that GPS reception is not mandatory for AHRS – AHRS will function properly
without it.
3. Azimuth (direction) indication. Dashes represent that azimuth was not yet established
(You need to move for GPS receiver to calculate the azimuth.) Once established tracking
from GPS will be shown.
4. Azimuth markings. The left letter tells which azimuth reference is used. It can be
either:
T ... true azimuth.
M ... magnetic azimuth.

The right letter tells the source for the azimuth. It can be either:
T ... tracking taken from the GPS receiver.

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

3.2

The Directional Indicator Screen

H ... heading taken from AHRS coupled with electronic magnetic compass2 . By
heading we mean direction into which nose is pointed. In case of strong wind this
can be significantly different from tracking.

Default combination is TT. This means true azimuth and tracking obtained from GPS.
5. Altitude indicator is composed of altitude value and altitude tape moving in the background.
6. Rate of climb a.k.a. vario. Small bar shows climb or descent and a value on the bottom
expresses it in numbers.
7. Baro correction a.k.a. QNH.
8. Outside air temperature a.k.a. OAT. Numerical value is displayed.
9. True air speed a.k.a. TAS is derived information obtained from indicated airspeed,
outside air temperature and static pressure.
10. The inclinometer (slip-skid) indicator.
11. Artificial horizon with a reference line, roll arc and pitch lines. Reference line can be
used for 45◦ turns, short roll arc dashes define 15◦ and 30◦ marks and longer dash defines
45◦ mark. In pitch, long line defines 10◦ , medium 5◦ and short 2.5◦ markings.
12. The turning rate scale. Yellow horizontal bar is used to show turning rate. Inner black
points indicate one minute turn (6◦ per second) while outer black points indicate 30
seconds turn (12◦ per second).
Main screen is highly configurable. Please refer to Section 4.5 starting on page 15 for more
details.

3.2

The Directional Indicator Screen

Directional Indicator screen is optional and it is NOT enabled by default. You have to enable
it in settings. Please see section 4.5.5 on page 18 for the details.
Typically direction indicator is used as a second screen, but it can be also first.
Figure 7 shows the screen with several important points marked.
1. The yellow line as an extension of aeroplane symbol points to current azimuth (direction). The azimuth is also shown in numeric value, followed by two letters. Their
meaning is identical to description of item 4 on page 12. Below the azimuth number is
also written source of the data. This can be:
Compass when Magu is direction source or
GPS track when GPS track is used as direction source.

2. Heading bug is used as reference marker. Simply turn the knob to move the reference
marker.
2

Electronic magnetic compass (Magu) is an external device and is not a part of Horis system. With Magu
connected and properly calibrated, the AD-AHRS unit in Horis can determine heading and it can calculate
wind direction and speed.

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

4. Operations

Figure 7: Horis Direction Indicator screen with the markings.
3. Heading bug value is shown next to the knob. It tells current value/position of the bug.
4. Ground speed is shown here for your convenience.
5. GPS status in graphical form as is described in item 2 on page 12.

Operations

Horis is operated using a single push knob. You can do the following actions with the knob:
Rotate the knob to change something.
Push the knob to confirm something.
Push the knob for a few seconds to enter a main menu3 .

Horis does not have a close button. When a window is opened and editing mode is not active,
a white bar appears across the window caption. This bar indicates the timeout. When the
bar is full, window closes automatically.
There are only three flight operations: adjusting the QNH value, setting the neutral pitch
and changing the brightness. There are more settings, but they are not accessed frequently.

Figure 8: Illustration of Horis main menu. The Pitch Reset option is the default one.
3

We opt for this approach to avoid accidental activation of the main menu during flight.

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

4.1

Adjusting QNH

QNH is adjusted by turning the knob when you are on AD-AHRS page. As QNH changes,
the indicated altitude changes accordingly. All changes are visible on the screen.

4.2

Adjusting Direction Indicator Bug

When the Direction Indicator page is visible, the bug is set by turning the knob. Slow turning
changes the bug position for one degree while quick turning moves the bug in larger steps.
All changes are visible on the screen.

4.3

Setting the Neutral Pitch

Neutral pitch – zero pitch indication line changes with the aeroplane gross weight and flight
regime. Horis allows resetting neutral pitch for the current flight regime.
Open the main menu by pushing the knob for a few seconds. The Pitch Reset option
is selected by default. See Figure 8.
Push the knob once again in order to activate the option.

Horis needs a few seconds to adjust for new neutral pitch value. Do not use this function in
a turbulence or in an unstable flight regime.

4.4

Diminishing the Brightness

Horis always starts with maximal, 100% brightness. If the screen becomes too bright, you
can diminish it using procedure below:
Open the main menu by pushing the knob for a few seconds.
Rotate the knob to select the Brightness option and push it to start the change.
Rotate the knob to adjust the brightness to an appropriate level.
Push the knob again to accept new value.
Wait for the main menu to close automatically.

4.5

Settings

Horis can be configured with several options described next. The settings screen is accessed
via the main menu. Figure 9 illustrates the settings menu and some of the options.
4.5.1

Units

This option allows fine tuning of units for almost any parameter of the main screen. Figure
10 shows the window where units may be changed. Table 3 lists all possible options.

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

4.5

Settings

Figure 9: Horis settings menu and major options.
Unit Type
Heading
Speed
Vario (rate of climb)
Wind
Altitude
QNH
Temperature

Options
True, Magnetic
kts, km/h, mph
m/s, ft/min, kts
m/s, km/h, kts
meter, feet
hPa, inHg
◦ C, ◦ F

Table 3: Unit options.

Figure 10: Tuning the units.
4.5.2

Airspeed

This option is used to define the speed tape colours of the airspeed indicator. Figure 12
illustrates the window and figure 11 defines meanings of individual values on the speed tape.
The following values are used:
Start defines the bottom of the speed tape. At this speed the tape starts. Typically,
this is the stall speed.
Yellow end defines the end of the low speed part of the yellow range. Put into another
words, speeds between Start and Yellow end define the bottom yellow part of the
speed tape.

If you do not want to have yellow range on the bottom part, set Yellow end to the
same value as Start.
Green end defines the end of the green range on the speed tape.

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

4.5

Settings

VNE defines VNE (velocity never exceeded) airspeed. At this speed the yellow upper
range ends and the red range begins. The red range never ends. Yellow upper range is
defined automatically between Green end and VNE.

You can also mark valid extended flap position region on the speed tape. In this case you
also set:
White start defines the start of the white part.
White end defines the end of the white part.

Figure 11: Definition of the speed tape colours.

Figure 12: Illustration of the airspeed window used to define the speed tape.

4.5.3

Response Time

This option defines sensitivity of individual parameters of artificial horizon, Figure 13. Each
parameter may be set to one of the following:
Lazy – pretty slow response.
Slow – slow response.
Normal – normal response, default.
Vivid – vivid response.
Wild – very fast response.

4.5.4

AHRS Level

After the installation of Horis into an instrument panel, Horis internal axes must be aligned
to the aircraft axes. The AHRS Level procedure is used to do this.
Selecting the AHRS Level option from the settings menu starts the procedure. The procedure
is automatic and can’t be cancelled after it has been started.
See Section 2.4 on page 11 for more details.
17

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

4.5

Settings

Figure 13: Illustration of the response time options window.
4.5.5

Direction Indicator

Two parameters can be set for direction indicator.
Start page – tells the position of the direction indicator page. It has three different
possibilities:

– Disabled – This means that the direction indicator page will not be displayed at
all. In this case AD-AHRS page will be the sole page displayed.
– First – The direction indicator page is the first one – Horis will show this page on
start.
– Second – The direction indicator page is the second one – AD-AHRS page will be
shown as the start page and the directional indicator page comes next.
Data source – tells which data is taken for the direction indication.

– MAGU – when Magu electronic compass is direction source or
– GPS track – when GPS track is used as direction source.
If you select MAGU as data source and Magu is not present, this selection will be
ignored and Horis will take GPS track instead.
4.5.6

Pitostatic Offset

Modern digital sensors used for IAS and altitude measurements may drift a little bit over
time, especially after beeing exposed to a prolonged period of severe cold. Selecting the
Pitostatic Offset option from the settings menu opens a window illustrated on Figure 14.
This window allows you to change altitude and velocity (airspeed) offset.

Figure 14: Illustration of the sensor offset window.

4.5.7

Compass Calibration

This option is available only when Magu magnetic compass is connected to the CAN bus.
Please refer to the Magu manual for the details.
18

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

4.5.8

4.5

Settings

Compass Offset

This option is available only when Magu magnetic compass is connected to the CAN bus.
Please refer to the Magu manual for the details.
4.5.9

NMEA Out

Here you can select the baudrate for the RS232 output port. 9600 baud is the default value.
Altitude
In order to set the altitude offset you need a reference altimeter. Set the QNH on Horis and
reference altimeter to the same value, say 1013 hPa.
Use the knob to select the altitude offset frame. This is already selected when the
window is opened.
Push the knob to start the offset.
Rotate the knob in order to match the altitude shown below the frame with the altitude
shown by the reference altimeter. Horis shows two values: Pst is the static pressure
and is shown in hPa and Alt is the altitude shown in metres. These metric units are
used regardless the units selected by user.
Push the knob to finish editing and wait for timer to close the window.

Velocity
Rotate the knob and highlight the velocity (airspeed) frame.
Push the knob to start editing.
Rotate the knob and observe the differential pressure value below. The differential
pressure value shall read zero (or almost zero).
Push the knob to finish editing and wait for the timer to close the window.

4.5.10

Security

Access to the settings option of the main menu can be protected by PIN (personal identification number). By default, there is no protection and Horis does not ask for PIN.
In order to set your own PIN, select the Security option and enter new PIN. You have to
confirm the PIN and if they match, a new PIN is set. This means that the next time you
enter the Settings menu, Horis will ask for this PIN.
If you forgot the PIN, enter 75213 and you will get access to the Settings menu.
You can also set an empty PIN. In this case Horis does not ask for password.

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

4.5

Settings

Figure 15: You can specify your own PIN to limit access to the Settings menu.
4.5.11

About

The About window shows some relevant information about Horis:
S/N – serial number of Horis.
SW. ver. – version of the software in Horis.
SW. date – release date of the software in Horis.
Airu – Software version of the AD-AHRS unit.
Magu – Software version of magnetic compass unit, when such unit is connected to the
CAN bus.

Figure 16: An example of the about window.

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual

5. Limited Conditions

Limited Conditions

Although a great care was taken during the design, production, storage and handling, it may
happen that the Product will be defective in some way. Please read the following sections
about the warranty and the limited operation to get more information about the subject.

5.1

Warranty

Kanardia d.o.o. warrants the Product manufactured by it against defects in material and
workmanship for a period of twenty-four (24) months from retail purchase.
Warranty Coverage
Kanardia’s warranty obligations are limited to the terms set forth below:
Kanardia d.o.o. warrants the Kanardia-branded hardware product will conform to the published specification when under normal use for a period of twenty-four months (24) from the
date of retail purchase by the original end-user purchaser (”Warranty Period”). If a hardware
defect arises and a valid claim is received within the Warranty Period, at its option and as the
sole and exclusive remedy available to Purchaser, Kanardia will either (1) repair the hardware
defect at no charge, using new or refurbished replacement parts, or (2) exchange the product
with a product that is new or which has been manufactured from new or serviceable used
parts and is at least functionally equivalent to the original product, or, at its option, if (1) or
(2) is not possible (as determined by Kanarida in its sole discretion), (3) refund the purchase
price of the product. When a refund is given, the product for which the refund is provided
must be returned to Kanardia and becomes Kanardia’s property.
Exclusions and Limitations
This Limited Warranty applies only to hardware products manufactured by or for Kanardia
that have the ”Kanardia” trademark, trade name, or logo affixed to them at the time of manufacture by Kanardia. The Limited Warranty does not apply to any non-Kanardia hardware
products or any software, even if packaged or sold with Kanardia hardware. Manufacturers,
suppliers, or publishers, other than Kanardia, may provide their own warranties to the Purchaser, but Kanarida and its distributors provide their products AS IS, without warranty of
any kind.
Software distributed by Kanardia (with or without the Kanardia’s brand name including,
but not limited to system software) is not covered under this Limited Warranty. Refer to the
licensing agreement accompanying such software for details of your rights with respect to its
use.
This warranty does not apply: (a) to damage caused by use with non-Kanardia products;
(b) to damage caused by accident, abuse, misuse, flood, fire, earthquake or other external
causes; (c) to damage caused by operating the product outside the permitted or intended uses
described by Kanardia; (d) to damage caused by service (including upgrades and expansions)
performed by anyone who is not a representative of Kanardia or an Kanarida Authorized
Reseller; (e) to a product or part that has been modified to significantly alter functionality
or capability without the written permission of Kanardia; (f) to consumable parts, such as
batteries, unless damage has occurred due to a defect in materials or workmanship; or (g) if
any Kanardia serial number has been removed, altered or defaced.

Horis PFD — Installation and User’s Manual 5.2

TSO Information — Limited Operation

To the extent permitted by applicable law, this warranty and remedies set forth above are
exclusive and in lieu of all other warranties, remedies and conditions, whether oral or written,
statutory, express or implied, including, without limitation, warranties of merchantability,
fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, and any warranties against hidden or
latent defects. If Kanardia cannot lawfully disclaim statutory or implied warranties then to
the extent permitted by law, all such warranties shall be limited in duration to the duration
of this express warranty and to repair or replacement service as determined by Kanardia
in its sole discretion. Kanardia does not warrant that the operation of the product will be
uninterrupted or error-free. Kanardia is not responsible for damage arising from failure to
follow instructions relating to the product’s use. No Kanardia reseller, agent, or employee is
authorized to make any modification, extension, or addition to this warranty, and if any of
the foregoing are made, they are void with respect to Kanardia.
Limitation of Liability
To the extent permitted by applicable law, Kanardia is not responsible for indirect, special,
incidental or consequential damages resulting from any breach of warranty or condition, or
under any other legal theory, including but not limited to loss of use; loss of revenue; loss of
actual or anticipated profits (including loss of profits on contracts); loss of the use of money;
loss of anticipated savings; loss of business; loss of opportunity; loss of goodwill; loss of reputation; loss of, damage to or corruption of data; or any other loss or damage howsoever caused
including the replacement of equipment and property, any costs of recovering, programming,
or reproducing any program or data stored or used with Kanardia products and any failure
to maintain the confidentiality of data stored on the product. Under no circumstances will
Kanardia be liable for the provision of substitute goods or services. Kanardia disclaims any
representation that it will be able to repair any product under this warranty or make a product exchange without risk to or loss of the programs or data. Some jurisdictions do not allow
for the limitation of liability for personal injury, or of incidental or consequential damages,
so this limitation may not apply to you.

5.2

TSO Information — Limited Operation

This product is not TSO approved as a flight instrument. Therefore, the manufacturer will
not be held responsible for any damage caused by its use. The Kanardia is not responsible for
any possible damage or destruction of any part on the airplane caused by default operation
of instrument.

Horis Manual

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