Interviewer Manual PH 2016
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Federal Republic of Nigeria
National Bureau of Statistics Abuja, Nigeria
GENERAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY - PANEL
POST HARVEST (3rd WAVE, February, 2016)
INTERVIEWER
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
FEBRUARY, 2016
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 5
OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................................................ 5
COVERAGE ............................................................................................................................................................. 5
SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 2: SAMPLE DESIGN AND ORGANIZATION OF FIELD ACTIVITIES ......................................................... 7
SAMPLE DESIGN...................................................................................................................................................... 7
Conflict Oversampling .................................................................................................................................... 8
THE MAIN SURVEY .................................................................................................................................................. 8
Survey Instruments ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Training for Fieldwork .................................................................................................................................. 8
1st Level Training for Trainers (TOT) ............................................................................................................ 9
2nd level training will take place in six (6) training centres ........................................................................... 9
Fieldwork Arrangement for Data Collection ............................................................................................... 10
Monitoring of Fieldwork .............................................................................................................................. 12
Coordination ................................................................................................................................................ 12
Retrieval ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Data Cleaning, Processing and Finalization ............................................................................................... 12
Report Writing ............................................................................................................................................. 13
Documentation/Dissemination/Archiving .................................................................................................... 13
Work Plan .................................................................................................................................................... 13
THE INTERVIEWER’S TASK: SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITIES .................................................................................................. 13
MATERIAL FOR THE INTERVIEWS ............................................................................................................................... 14
Maps ............................................................................................................................................................ 15
Flow of Material and Reports ...................................................................................................................... 15
CHAPTER 3: GENERAL SURVEY PROCEDURES ................................................................................................. 16
INTERVIEWS OF THE HOUSEHOLD ............................................................................................................................. 16
CONCURRENT DATA ENTRY OF QUESTIONNAIRES ........................................................................................................ 16
EDITING OF QUESTIONNAIRES .................................................................................................................................. 16
HOW TO USE THE FLAPS ......................................................................................................................................... 16
HOW TO READ THE QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................................... 17
UPPER AND LOWER CASE TEXTS (CAPITAL LETTERS AND SMALL LETTERS) ......................................................................... 17
DATA COLLECTION STRATEGY .................................................................................................................................. 18
HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE .................................................................................................................................. 22
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE.................................................................................................................. 24
HOW TO USE THE FLAPS ......................................................................................................................................... 28
UPPER AND LOWER CASE TEXTS (CAPITAL LETTERS AND SMALL LETTERS) ..................................................................... 29
PRE-FILLING QUESTIONNAIRE .................................................................................................................................. 33
CHAPTER 4: HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE .................................................................................................... 38
COVER ................................................................................................................................................................ 38
SECTION 1: ROSTER .......................................................................................................................................... 39
SECTION 2: EDUCATION FOR MEMBERS IN THE HOUSEHOLD .......................................................................... 45
SECTION 3A: LABOUR ....................................................................................................................................... 48
SECTION 4: HEALTH .......................................................................................................................................... 53
SECTION 4B: CHILD DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................................................. 62
SECTION 6: REMITTANCES ................................................................................................................................ 65
SECTION 6A: BEHAVIOUR ................................................................................................................................. 66
SECTION 6B: ATTITUDE ..................................................................................................................................... 67
SECTION 9: NON-FARM ENTERPRISES .............................................................................................................. 67
SECTION 10A: MEALS OUTSIDE THE HOUSEHOLD ............................................................................................ 71
SECTION 10B: FOOD CONSUMPTION AND EXPENDITURES .............................................................................. 72
SECTION 10C: AGGREGATE FOOD CONSUMPTION ........................................................................................... 74
SECTION 12: FOOD SECURITY ........................................................................................................................... 76
SECTION 13: OTHER INCOME ........................................................................................................................... 77
SECTION 15A: ECONOMIC SHOCKS ................................................................................................................... 80
SECTION 15B: DEATHS ...................................................................................................................................... 81
SECTION 15C: CONFLICT ................................................................................................................................... 82
CONTACT INFORMATION ................................................................................................................................. 83
CHAPTER 5: THE AGRICULTURAL QUESTIONNAIRE........................................................................................ 86
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 86
COVER PAGE ..................................................................................................................................................... 87
SECTION A1: LAND ............................................................................................................................................ 87
SECTION A2: LABOUR ....................................................................................................................................... 91
SECTION 11C2: INPUT COSTS ............................................................................................................................ 94
SECTION 11D: FERTILIZER ACQUISITION ........................................................................................................... 98
SECTION A3I: CROP HARVEST ......................................................................................................................... 102
SECTION A3II: CROP DISPOSITION ................................................................................................................... 104
SECTION A4: AGRICULTURAL CAPITAL ............................................................................................................ 106
SECTION A5A: EXTENSION SERVICES (TOPICS) ................................................................................................ 107
SECTION A5B: EXTENSION SERVICES (SOURCES) ............................................................................................. 108
SECTION A9A: FISHING .................................................................................................................................... 110
SECTION A9B: FISHING CAPITAL & REVENUES ................................................................................................ 113
SECTION A10: NETWORK ROSTER................................................................................................................... 115
USE OF GPS DEVICE: NAVIGATION OF GPSMAP62 ....................................................................................... 117
3
THE NAVIGATION OF GPSMAP62 ................................................................................................................... 117
TRACKING OF HOUSEHOLDS ........................................................................................................................ 119
ADMINISTERING THE TRACKING QUESTIONNAIRE ....................................................................................................... 119
THE TRACKING FORM........................................................................................................................................... 120
Section 1: Household Identification ........................................................................................................... 120
Section 3: Informant Information .............................................................................................................. 121
APPENDIX 1: OCCUPATION CODES ............................................................................................................... 122
APPENDIX 2: INDUSTRY CODES .................................................................................................................... 128
APPENDIX 3: SAMPLING CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE CONFLICT MODULE OF THE PANEL SURVEY ............... 132
APPENDIX 4: CONFLICT OVERSAMPLE STATES AND EAS .............................................................................. 134
APPENDIX 5: TRACKING FORM T1 ................................................................................................................. 137
APPENDIX 6: FIELD WORK FORM ................................................................................................................. 142
4
Chapter 1: Introduction
Over the last few decades, Nigeria has experienced substantial gaps in producing adequate and timely
data to inform policy making. In particular, the country is lagging behind in the production of sufficient
and accurate agricultural production statistics. Except for the Harmonized National Living Standard
Survey (HNLSS), which covers multiple topics in a single survey, all other household and farm surveys
conducted by the NBS, which also cover a wide range of sectors do so in separate surveys; none of
which is conducted as a panel. As part of the efforts to continue to improve data collection and usability,
the NBS plans to streamline two of its current surveys into one panel survey that covers multiple sectors
with a focus to improve data from the agriculture sector. In 2010, the NBS implemented the postplanting round of the first wave of the Nigerian General Household Panel Survey (NGHPS). The postharvest round of the first wave of the survey was conducted between February and April 2011. The
post-planting round of the second wave was conducted between September and November 2012; and
the post-harvest round between February and April 2013. The post-planting round of the third wave
was conducted between September and November 2015; and the post-harvest round is planned for
February to April 2016. By design, this survey is integrated fully into the current General Household
Survey (GHS).
Focused on the goal of improving agricultural statistics, the World Bank, through funding from the Bill
and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), will support seven countries in Sub-Saharan Africa in
strengthening the production of household-level data on agriculture. The over-arching objective of the
LSMS-ISA program is to improve our understanding of agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa –
specifically, its role in poverty reduction and how innovation and efficiency can be fostered in the
sector. This goal will be achieved by developing and implementing an innovative model for collecting
agricultural data in the region.
Objectives
To allow welfare levels to be produced at the state level using small area estimation techniques
resulting in state-level poverty figures
To create opportunities to conduct more comprehensive analysis of poverty indicators and
socio-economic characteristics by integrating the longitudinal panel survey with GHS
To support the development and implementation of a Computer Assisted Personal Interview
(CAPI) application for the paperless collection of GHS
To develop an innovating model for collecting agricultural data
To build capacity and develop sustainable systems for producing accurate and timely
information on agricultural households in Nigeria.
To actively disseminate agriculture statistics
Coverage
The survey will cover all the 36 states and Federal Capital Territory (FCT)
Both urban and rural enumeration areas (EAs) will be canvassed
Scope
The survey will cover a wide range of socio-economic topics which are highlighted in three different
questionnaires to be used for data collection. These are Household Questionnaire, Agricultural
Questionnaire and Community/Prices Questionnaire.
1. The post-harvest household questionnaire will be used to collect information on:
5
Household Identification
Household Member Roster, Demographic and Migration
Education Status
Labour (Adults and Children 5yrs+)
Health and Child Development
Remittances
Behavior and Attitudes
Non-Farm Enterprises and Income Generating Activities
Consumption of Food (Recall)
Non-Food Consumption Expenditure
Food Security
Other Household Income
Safety Nets, Economic Shocks and Deaths
Conflict
2. The post-harvest agriculture questionnaire will be used to collect information on:
Productivity of main crops, with emphasis on improved measures of:
Land Holdings
Family and Hired Labour
Input Costs
Fertilizer Acquisition
Quantification of Crop Production and Disposition
Agricultural Capital
Agricultural Extension Services
Other Agricultural Income Including Income from Agricultural By-Products
Fishing Capital and Revenue
3. The community questionnaire will be used to collect information on:
Assess to Community Characteristics Including Infrastructure
Access to Public Services, Social Networks, Governance, Investment Projects and Necessary
Community Empowerment etc.
Communal Resource Management
Changes in the Community and Key Events Leading to Changes
Community Needs, Actions and Achievements over the Past Years
Prices of Food Items at the Community Level
Conflict at the Community Level
6
Chapter 2: Sample Design and Organization of Field Activities
Sample Design
The 2006 Housing and Population Census conducted by National Population Commission (NpopC) was
used in preparation of the National Integrated Survey of Households (NISH) – 2007 – 2012 Master
Sample Frame (MSF). The NISH sample frame was used to select the sample of EAs from which the
Panel households were selected in 2010.
Specifically, the Panel sample design derives from the sample frames which were selected as explained
below.
1. Selection of the NISH Master Sample Frame:
-
30 master sample EAs in each LGA for that state are selected and pooled together
-
Hence, the total number of EAs in each state is equal to 30 times the number of the LGAs
in the state except in FCT, Abuja where 40 EAs per LGA was selected.
-
A systematic sample of 200EAs were selected with equal probability in each state
-
The NISH EAs in each state were then divided into 20 replicates of 10 EAs each
2. Selection of the GHS Sample:
-
The sample EAs for the GHS are based on a subsample of the NISH master sample, selected
as a combination of replicates from the NISH frame.
-
A total of six (6) NISH replicates with 60 EAs for each state are identified in the frame with
NISH RIC 10 to 15
-
At the second sampling stage, 10 households were systematically selected in each sample
EA for the GHS panel
-
The GHS is designed to have a 50% rotation of the replicates of sample EAs each year,
providing a 50% overlap in the sample from one year to the next.
This sample rotation scheme serves to improve the estimates of trend over time when comparing the
GHS results from one year to the next. However, there is no overlap in the sample EAs for GHS rounds
of two (2) years apart.
GHS-Panel households were selected using the following methodology:
o
Selection of a subsample of EAs and households that are included in GHS 2010/2011 by:
selecting GHS 500 EAs nationwide with the following allocation per zone
ZONE
Number of EAs
North-Central
80
North-East
80
North-West
90
South-East
80
South-South
80
South-West
90
TOTAL
500
Distribution of EAs (at the state level) within each zone based on probability
proportional to size
Selection of 10 GHS households from each EA.
7
Conflict Oversampling
Given the negative impact of the violent conflicts in some parts of Nigeria, it is important to measure
the effect of these conflicts on the socioeconomic characteristics of the population, including education,
health and poverty. Therefore the World Bank and NBS team working on the national Panel Survey are
developing a new conflict module for the Panel Survey.
In this post-harvest assignment, additional 360 households will be scientifically selected and
interviewed in states identified as conflict states. See appendix 3 for a technical document on the
sampling strategy for the conflict household selection.
One limitation of the panel sample of households is that it suffers from attrition over time as some
households move, split or cease to exist. There is, however, a household tracking system that has been
put in place to follow the households that move or split in order to reduce the level of attrition and
measure the characteristics of these households.
The Main Survey
500 EAs will be canvassed throughout the Federation and FCT, Abuja
Ten (10) HHs will be studied in each EA, making a total of 5000 HHs to be interviewed
nationally
Number of EAs and HHs to be covered varies from state to state
Survey Instruments
The survey instruments to be used are:
Household Questionnaire
Agricultural Questionnaire
Community/Prices Questionnaire
Interviewer and Supervisor Instruction Manuals
EA Line Maps and Selected HH Lists
Handheld GPS Navigator
Measuring Boards
Digital Scales
Laptop and Printer
Training for Fieldwork
Two levels of training will be mounted
1. 1st level of training at the NBS Headquarters, Abuja (TOT)
2. 2nd level training at the three (3) zonal centers, and Nasarawa State:
South-West and North-Central zones–Ibadan (Oyo State)
South-East and South-South zones – Enugu (Enugu State)
North-East Zone, and North-West zones – (Nasarawa State)
8
1st Level Training for Trainers (TOT)
1. Participants to be trained will include:
30 senior staff of NBS, FMA&RD, FMWR & NFRA from headquarters
9 coordinators comprising directorate staff members of the NBS
Among the participants:
o 19 senior staff of NBS, 3 for each zonal centre will serve as trainers for the main
survey
o 9 directorate members of NBS will serve as coordinators for six (6) centres
o World Bank Officials
2. Training will last for five (5) days
2nd level training will take place in six (6) training centres
1. Participants to be trained will include:
Zonal Controllers
State Officers
Supervisors
Interviewers, and
Data Entry Operators
2. Training will last for 7 days for theory, one (1) day for field practice, one (1) day for pre-filling
and two (2) day for data cleaning. Data cleaning will be undertaken by interviewers, data entry
staff, supervisors, and HQ IT trainers only.
9
Distribution of Training Participants by States (Training Center)
S/N
1
Training
Centres
South West
(Ibadan)
2
South-South
(Calabar)
3
South East
(Enugu)
4
North Central
(Ibadan)
5
North East
(Nasarawa)
6
North West
(Nasarawa)
States
No of
Participants
Oyo, Osun, Ogun, Lagos, Ekiti,
Ondo
71
Cross-River, Akwa- Ibom, Rivers,
Bayelsa, Edo , Delta
53
Enugu, Anambra, Ebonyi, Abia &
Imo
54
Plateau, Kwara, Niger, Kogi,
Benue, Nasarawa, FCT Abuja
63
Borno, Yobe, Bauchi, Gombe,
Taraba, Adamawa
63
Jigawa, Katsina, Kano, Kaduna,
Kebbi, Sokoto, Zamfara
67
Fieldwork Arrangement for Data Collection
A team comprising supervisor, interviewer(s) and data entry operator will be used per state and FCT,
Abuja, although number of team(s) will differ from state to state (see Table 2 below). The teams will
move in roving manner and data collection using concurrent data entry is expected to last for 26 – 41
days, depending on the workload per team.
Distribution of sample size, Allocation of EAs, HHs to be covered, Field Personnel, and Number of
Days for fieldwork by Zone and State for the GHS Post Harvest Main Survey 2016:
10
New Distribution of Workload and New Number of Days for Fieldwork By State
S/N
State
No of
Teams
No of
HHs
covered
before
No of
HHs to be
covered
Now
Extra
HHs to
be
covered
No of
Days for
fieldwork
before
Extra
Days
Additional
days for
transportation
Total No.
of Days
Now for
fieldwork
1
Abia
1
96
101
5
25
2
2
Adamawa*
1
114
135
21
25
5
3
Akwa-ibom
1
139
146
7
32
2
34
4
Anambra
2
196
204
8
25
2
27
5
Bauchi*
2
167
197
30
25
4
3
32
6
Bayelsa*
1
52
88
36
32
6
3
41
7
Benue*
2
152
181
29
25
4
3
32
8
Borno*
2
86
284
198
23
7
3
33
9
Cross River*
1
118
129
11
30
3
3
36
10
Delta*
2
123
157
34
22
5
3
30
11
Ebonyi
1
139
142
3
32
2
34
12
Edo
1
93
95
2
25
2
27
13
Ekiti
1
60
69
9
24
3
27
14
Enugu
1
125
128
3
32
3
35
15
FCT
1
35
37
2
27
1
28
16
Gombe
1
76
77
1
27
2
29
17
Imo
2
180
184
4
29
2
31
18
Jigawa
1
125
127
2
27
2
29
19
Kaduna*
1
102
144
42
27
4
20
Kano
2
192
194
2
23
2
25
21
Katsina
2
177
177
-
29
1
30
22
Kebbi
1
98
99
1
27
2
29
23
Kogi
1
119
124
5
27
2
29
24
Kwara*
1
113
130
17
27
3
25
Lagos
2
136
153
17
27
3
26
Nasarawa*
1
66
83
17
32
2
27
Niger
2
181
182
1
25
2
27
28
Ogun
1
85
101
16
27
3
30
29
Ondo
1
94
115
21
32
3
35
30
Osun
2
154
155
1
29
2
31
31
Oyo
2
165
185
20
25
6
31
32
Plateau*
1
110
141
31
27
4
3
34
33
Rivers*
2
185
238
53
22
6
3
31
34
Sokoto
1
81
81
-
32
1
33
35
Taraba
1
84
92
8
27
2
29
36
Yobe*
1
105
142
37
30
4
37
Zamfara
1
91
91
-
22
4
* Conflict States
11
27
3
3
3
33
34
33
30
3
3
37
37
26
Monitoring of Fieldwork
Senior staff from NBS, FMA&RD and NFRA will be involved in the monitoring and supervision
exercises. The monitoring officers will ensure proper compliance with the laid down procedures as
contained in the manual.
All states and FCT Abuja will be monitored
There will be 3 levels of monitoring
o
The first and third levels will be carried out by the technical staff from NBS
headquarters and staff from FMA&RD and NFRA headquarters.
o
The second level will be carried out at the state level by the State Officers and Zonal
Controllers.
o
One Headquarter monitoring officer will be assigned to 2states
The monitoring exercise will be arranged such that the first level will take off
during the commencement of the fieldwork
The third, not later than a week to the end of the data collection exercise
In between the 1st and 3rd levels of monitoring, the state officers and zonal controllers will
monitor throughout their respective states.
o
The state officer will monitor in his/her own state
o
The zonal controller will monitor in at least 2 states (the zonal headquarters state and
one other state of the same zone)
1st and 3rd round of monitoring exercise will last for eight (6) days each while the 2nd round will
last for ten (10) days for state officers and seven (7) days for zonal controllers
Monitoring instruments will be developed and discussed during training of trainers
Coordination
Directorate members of staff of NBS will coordinate the survey. Activities to be coordinated will
include:
Zonal Training
Field Work
Data Processing/Analysis/Report Writing
Coordination will last for six (6) days
Retrieval
All completed and edited questionnaires by each team will remain in the custody of the field supervisor
even after the data has been captured by data entry operators.
The supervisor will submit the completed and edited questionnaires to the NBS state officer. He /she
will coordinate the forwarding of all completed questionnaires, softcopy records, laptops and printers
to the NBS Headquarters in Abuja.
Data Cleaning, Processing and Finalization
Data cleaning and processing will be an ongoing operation while the data is being collected in the field
and after. Field staff and data entry operators will be required to respond to data quality enquires from
HQ. There will also be a joint review of the data by HQ and field staff to ensure that the data collected
is of the highest quality. The work of field staff (including data entry operators) will be completed only
when the data has been signed-off as being satisfactory by the HQ and the World Bank.
Report Writing
Senior and experienced report writers from NBS and the collaborating agencies will write the report.
Report will be written in such a way to make it useful to:
Users
Policy Makers
Planners
Researchers
Documentation/Dissemination/Archiving
Data management toolkit will be used to:
1. Document
2. Disseminate Data
The results will also be published and written on CD and hosted on NBS website and other collaborative
agencies websites for further dissemination
Work Plan
S/n
Activity
Duration/ Period
1
Planning and Preparation
Nov. 2015 – Jan. 2016
2
Training of Trainers
1st – 5thFeb. 2016
3
Zonal Training
8th – 19th Feb. 2016
4
1st Visit: Fieldwork – Post-Harvest
22nd Feb. – April 2016
5
1st Monitoring (HQs Technical Team)
22nd – 28th Feb. 2016
6
2nd Monitoring (State Officers/Zonal Controllers)
22nd Feb. – April 2016
7
3rd Monitoring (HQs Technical Team)
31st March – 5th April 2016
8
Tracking
15th April – 20th May 2016
9
Second data entry
10th April – 30th May 2016
10
Data Cleaning
April – June 2016
11
Data Processing and Analysis
June – August 2016
12
Wave 4
August 2017
The Interviewer’s Task: Specific Responsibilities
To participate actively in and to complete training course.
To study this manual and other instructions carefully in order to understand them fully.
To comply with instructions and recommendations contained in the manual and any instruction
given by persons responsible for the survey, including the supervisor and survey management
team.
13
To carry out interviews through personal visits to households so as to interview each individual
as specified in certain modules; and by that way, collecting the information directly. Do not
forget that interviewer’s task cannot be delegated or transferred to anybody else.
To complete interview with all household members. To visit household as many times as
necessary, in order to find the direct respondent, to correct inaccurate information or to
complete incomplete information.
Remember: The interviewer is obliged to make him/herself fully available for work in the
Panel Survey, thus he/she must be available for carrying out the survey tasks at any time the
respondent specifies as the most convenient for him/her: weekend, holidays, evenings, etc.
During the interview, to behave professionally and formally in accordance with the important
work he/she performs.
To visit households in decent and professional outfit, bearing in mind that this is an important
aspect of ensuring cooperation from the household and good quality data.
To come to work on time according to the supervisor’s instructions.
To make him/herself available at the times he/she is needed during the survey implementation.
To insert occupation and other codes after the interview, as instructed in this manual
To complete given assignment on a daily basis and to hand over to the supervisor all filled
questionnaires with information obtained properly recorded, every day.
To perform all scheduled interviews at the time they are planned. Where it is not possible to
interview any of the selected households, the interviewer should inform his/her supervisor, who
will take the decision on necessary changes in accordance with appropriate procedures.
Remember that the interviewer is not allowed to select the replacement household for interview.
Activities that are NOT Allowed
The work of the interviewer cannot be transferred to anybody else. In other words, no one else
can do the interviewer’s work.
No one involved in the survey (interviewer, supervisor, data entry operator) can be engaged in
any other job during the survey. Work on the survey is a full-time job throughout the duration
of the survey.
The interviewer is not allowed to amend any information obtained from the respondent.
The interviewer must not disclose, repeat or comment on any information obtained from the
respondent, nor show complete questionnaire to any other person but his /her supervisor or
other project staff. Remember that information given by the respondent is confidential.
Do not bring anybody who is not a work team member to any interviews with respondents.
Do not pressure respondents nor entice them to answer by making false promises or offers.
All collected information must be handed over to the supervisor without any amendments such
as changing, adding (except in the case of occupation and other codes) or erasing information.
Material for the Interviews
Documents and materials, which the interviewer needs for his/her work, is given to him/her by the
supervisor at the beginning of the field work.
It includes:
ID card provided by the National Bureau of Statistics
A map of the area where interviews will take place.
List and addresses of households to be interviewed.
14
GHS Panel Survey questionnaires
Interviewer Instruction Manual
Auxiliary forms
Stationary needed for work.
Maps
Before starting household interviews, the interviewer should, together with his/her supervisor,
familiarize themselves with selected enumeration areas and exact location of the selected
households. To that end, the interviewer should study the maps of all enumeration areas together
with the list of households.
The interviewer should understand the distribution of the sample (selected households), how they
are located in relation to each other and the roads and paths that will have to be used. This will help
plan his/her field work appropriately.
Flow of Material and Reports
The interviewer will hand over to his/her supervisor properly filled questionnaires and detailed
report in the required format, on completed field work, which would include:
1. Summary results of conducted interviews: number of completed questionnaires, list of
households which could not be located, or which have partly or completely refused (and at
which stage) cooperation.
2. Any issue or problem faced in the field, e.g. in terms of maps, household identification,
incomplete questionnaires, respondents’ behavior and opinion, scheduled subsequent visits,
absent household members, etc. in order to resolve problems in the field.
3. Any other observation that the interviewer thinks the supervisor should be informed about
for the sake of successful work.
15
Chapter 3: General Survey Procedures
Interviews of the Household
The interviewer must follow all the instructions as laid out in this manual
Concurrent Data Entry of Questionnaires
The data entry operation will be part of the general field work activities. The field team in each state
will be made up a field supervisor, interviewers and a data entry operator. The data entry person will
be provided with a laptop computer and printer, and will be available to enter the questionnaires each
day as they are returned. Ideally, the data entry person will be located at a place where it will be
convenient for the delivery of most of the questionnaires as the interviewers move across the state. This
might include being based at the state NBS office at some stage of the field work operations.
In the concurrent data entry method, whenever data is received from a household, complete or not, the
questionnaire involved should be submitted to the data entry person for entry. The data entry program
will be designed to provide an error report based on the entered questionnaire. This report will include
discrepancies such as inconsistencies, incomplete households or sections and out-of-range values. The
data entry system will also produce a report which will show where there is satisfactory completion of
a questionnaire.
Interviewers will receive a report along with the questionnaires that have been entered and returned
each day and this will be used to guide the interviewer action for that day. The error reports will be
given to the team supervisor who will review and approve the work that has to be done before passing
it on to the interviewer. The supervisor will have the facility to override errors indicated on the report
where these have been examined and certified as valid entries by the supervisor.
Editing of Questionnaires
This model of concurrent data entry does not include a person dedicated to the responsibilities of editing
and coding of questionnaires. Several questions will need to be coded by the interviewer before handing
the questionnaire to the supervisor. For example, in Section 3 of the Household Questionnaire,
questions 13 and 25 require that occupation information be given in descriptive terms. These
descriptions will need to be coded into the standard occupation classification codes before the
questionnaire is delivered to the data entry operator for entry. This coding must be done by the
interviewer. At the time of the interview, the interviewer will write-in the description of the respondent’s
occupation and immediately after the interview, insert the appropriate code for that occupation from a
listing that will be provided to each interviewer. The supervisor double-checks the code entry made by
the interviewer and will generally include the occupation code as a check, when reviewing the error
report with the questionnaire.
How to Use the Flaps
There is one flap in the Household Questionnaire. After the cover has been completed, the next step is
to open Flap A. All the information on this flap should be completed for the household. The row where
a person’s name is placed on the flap will be the row in which all the information about that person will
be given in sections 1 to 6. The flap is kept open so that the row that corresponds to the person will
always be visible.
16
Figure 1
1.
I
N
D
I
V
I
D
U
A
L
I
D
1
2
3
4
NAME
LIST HOUSEHOLD
HEAD ON LINE 1.
MAKE A COMPLETE
LIST OF ALL
INDIVIDUALS WHO
NORMALLY LIVE AND
EAT THEIR MEALS
TOGETHER IN THIS
HOUSEHOLD,
STARTING WITH THE
HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD.
(CONFIRM THAT
HOUSEHOLD HEAD
HERE IS SAME AS
HOUSEHOLD HEAD
EMMA EZE
MARY EZE
OCHE EZE
AKI EZE
2.
What is the
sex of
[NAME]?
3.
What is [NAME]'s
relationship to the
head of household?
MALE....1
FEMALE..2
HEAD............1
SPOUSE..........2
OWN CHILD.......3
STEP CHILD......4
ADOPTED CHILD...5
GRANDCHILD......6
BROTHER/SISTER..7
NIECE/NEPHEW....8
BROTHER/
SISTER-IN-LAW..9
PARENT.........10
PARENT-IN-LAW..11
DOMESTIC HELP
(RESIDENT).....12
DOMESTIC HELP
(NON RESIDENT).13
4.
How old is
[NAME] (IN
COMPLETED
YEARS)?
5.
IS THIS PERSON
A NEW
MEMBER OF
THE
HOUSEHOLD
IF RESPONDENT (ADDED ON
DOESN'T KNOW, THIS VISIT)?
USE YEAR OF
BIRTH TO
CALCULATE AGE
OR USE MAJOR
EVENTS LISTED
IN ENUMERATOR
MANUAL TO
YES.1
PROMPT
NO..2 (►Q7)
RESPONDENT.
I
N
D
I
V
I
D
U
A
L
1
2
3
3
40
38
8
5
7.
8.
What is [NAME]'s INTERVIEWE
marital status?
R: IS THIS
PERSON A
WRITE "99" FOR MONTHS AND
MALE IN A
DAYS IF RESPONDENT DOES
POLYGAMOU
Married
NOT KNOW. IF THE AGE IS
S MARRIAGE?
(monogamous)..1
GIVEN THE YEAR IS NOT
Married
KNOWN, THE YEAR SHOULD BE (polygamous)..2
Informal
ESTIMATED FROM THE AGE IN Union.........3
Divorced......4
Q4.
( Q13)
I CHECK THAT AGE IN QUESTION
D 4 AND YEAR OF BIRTH IN THIS
QUESTION ARE CONSISTENT.
YEARS
1
2
1
1
6.
In what day, month and year
was [NAME] born?
DAY
2
2
2
2
1
2
3
4
MONTH
1
5
1
4
Seperated.....5
( Q13)
Widowed.......6
( Q13)
YES.1
NO..2
(►Q11)
YEAR
1970
1972
1
How to Read the Questions
Each question should be read clearly and exactly as presented in the questionnaire. You should make
sure that the way the question is read preserves the sense of the English question, rather than a word by
word translation. If you have questions about how to phrase a question, you should ask your supervisor
and refer to your notes from the training, where the phrasing of questions in local language will be
discussed in detail. After reading the question, time should be allowed for the respondent to answer. If
it appears the respondent did not hear the question, it should be read again and time allowed for a
response. In cases where there has to be translation, the question should be translated as literally as
possible.
Upper and Lower Case Texts (Capital Letters and Small Letters)
Text written in upper case (capital) letters are instructions to the interviewer and should not be read to
the respondent. Other texts that you will see written with upper case letters are lists and codes. These
also should NOT be read to the respondent.
Text written in lower case (small) letters SHOULD be read directly to the respondent.
For example, in Question 9 (see Figure 2 below), you should read: “In what year did you get married
to your current spouse?”. You should not read the text below that because it is written with upper case
(capital) letters. The text in upper case letters is an instruction to you.
17
2
Figure 3
Data Collection Strategy
Different Number of Visits: The questionnaire modules can be filled during one or more visits,
depending on the level of cooperation from the household, household size, time and availability of direct
respondent at the time of interview.
Where certain household members are not at home, the interviewer should schedule another visit to the
same household when that person is expected to be at home and available for interview. That other visit
should be scheduled during the period when it is envisaged that the interviewer would be in that area.
Direct Respondent Interviews: In this survey, unlike many other surveys, we collect data directly
from the respondents. This is in contrast to surveys where the head of household or his/her spouse is
the only respondent, who answers on behalf of all household members. Instead, in the GHS Panel
Survey, each person 5 years and above should respond directly to the interviewer for him/herself. For
children under 5, a parent or care giver is respondent. The only exception to the age limit rule is where
there are other respondent age restrictions as indicated in the various sections of the questionnaire.
In some cases a household member may be away from home during the whole period when the
interviewer is in that area or the member might be in poor health/disability and cannot answer the
questions for him/herself. It might also be that the individual is not allowed to answer. In such cases,
the interviewer can ask the most knowledgeable person to answer instead of household member that is
unavailable.
In order to collect information directly from each household member, interviewers should visit the
household as many times as necessary to get information from each individual member. Compliance
with these procedures would ensure quality, reliability and accuracy of collected and entered
questionnaire data.
1. Data Entry and Correction of Inconsistencies: Immediately after each visit, data will be
entered and checked for consistency and completeness. Information would be revealed on
any inconsistency, error or omissions, and the supervisor would inform the interviewer on
all such corrections which are to be made on a return visit. This system enables data
correction by the ones who are most competent to do it: the respondents who gave the
original answers themselves.
2. Organization of Work: In order to enable implementation of this methodology, workload
by interviewer per certain period of time is to be defined. The interviewer is responsible to
complete such work during the given time.
18
Keep in mind that the households to be interviewed could have different cultural background and
different reactions, attitudes and behavior in terms of the survey. The interviewer would have to interact
with households of different structure, social and economic status, different level of education,
employment status, habits, religion, etc. It means that the interviewer should have to develop significant
capability of understanding and communication in order to be able to establish good relation with
different persons, and that way to achieve success in different situations which he/she could face during
the survey, particularly difficult ones. Besides the above mentioned, the interviewer must establish
confidence with the respondent, which would enable him/her to get reliable and positive survey results.
1. Access to Information: The moment when the interviewer and respondent meet for the first time
is crucial for interview success. Thus, first impression is important, interviewer’s appearance;
his/her attitude at the very beginning and what he/she says are crucial for further work. Interviewers
should be properly and professionally dressed for their work.
Once selected households are located, the interviewer should ask to talk to the head of the household
or his/her spouse. He/she should kindly and in a friendly manner greet the person and introduce
him/herself. Then the interviewer should explain briefly and concisely the purpose of the survey,
importance of the project and the need for cooperation by all household members in carrying out
the GHS Panel Survey in Nigeria.
An example of how the interviewer could introduce him/herself is as follows:
“Good morning/afternoon, I work for National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), which is
implementing General Household Panel Survey. Your cooperation and answers would be
extremely important since they reflect status of many of our citizens who live in similar
conditions. I would appreciate if you and your household members participated in this survey,
answering to a group of questions on different topics. We would ask for your cooperation in
providing information about your household and services you receive, as well as about
individual members of your household. We would also like information about your expenditures
on food, as well as your family’s enterprise and agricultural activity.
It is important that the interviewer has a friendly attitude towards the respondent with self-confidence.
If the interviewer gives the impression of nervousness or insecurity, he/she would not provide enough
confidence to the respondent in order to obtain the necessary cooperation, participation and attention.
The interviewer should always try to maintain the same mood throughout the interview - if the
respondent for any reason gets tired or disturbed, allow a few minutes break or offer to return the
following day or the next most convenient time.
2. Communication: Communication is to be established after the interviewer introduces him/herself,
explains that this survey is being implemented throughout the country and informs the respondent
of the value of cooperation for those who would analyze options for addressing existing problems
in the country, until the interviewer becomes ready to start filling the questionnaire. During this
short period, the interviewer must explain the purposes of the survey, and emphasize that collected
data are confidential. The latter is crucial to avoid any fear of misuse of the answers given. All
data would be used for statistical purposes, and the data which identify in any way any person or
any household would not be used.
Keep in mind that at the beginning of the interview, level of attention, communication, confidence,
participation and data provision is low. Interviewer’s task is to gradually increase the respondent’s
attention and interest and to maintain it at the highest possible level throughout the interview.
Rhythm of the survey, tone of questions, adequate speed in question formulation, dynamics of the
interview itself, knowledge about the questions and their order are all factors that determine success
of the interview. If the interviewer reads questions with monotonous or nervous voice, or without
any rhythm, the obtained information is likely to be of poor quality and the respondent would not
be interested to answer.
The interviewer should not give the impression that he/she considers him/herself an important
person because of the assignment he/she performs on behalf of the government institution. He/she
should be open, friendly and decisive and show that he/she is an experienced professional person.
19
He/she should not be authoritative or aggressive. Best communication can be established when the
respondent sees that the interviewer is honest and up to his/her task.
3. The Interview: When the interview starts, try to comply continuously with the following
instructions:
Plan sufficient time for the interview
Behave appropriately throughout the interview
Do not give any information about which we are not sure, it is better to seem uninformed, but
honest. To avoid any conversation or attitude, which could lead to a discussion or argument
with the respondent, limit the conversation to the survey topics only
Give neither promises nor offer anything as an incentive for the respondent to participate in the
survey
To the extent possible, try to avoid conducting the interview in the presence of a person, who
is not a household member; the respondent could give different answers in the presence of
another person
Do not show surprise by any answer given by the respondent, either by the tone of your voice
or action
Comply strictly with the order and format in asking questions from the questionnaire. In other
words, comply strictly with instructions given. Any modification could jeopardize the integrity
of the information
Read questions without applying any pressure on the respondent in any way. Never say
something like: "You worked last week, right?”. Never assume that you know the answer in
advance
In terms of the rhythm of the interview, keep in mind that the interview consists of questions,
answers, moment of silence and breaks. Read questions, trying to keep the same rhythm all the
time, giving the respondent time to think about the answer. The interviewer must assess the
level of respondent’s understanding: question reading speed would depend on this. Besides, the
interviewer must pronounce every single word he/she reads clearly
Read obligatory questions literarily as they are written in the questionnaire (without any
modification). In the case that the respondent does not understand it, read it again. If the
respondent does not understand it after the second reading, explain carefully to him/her the
purpose of the question, taking care not to amend in any way the original meaning of the
question and without any influence on the answer
Allow the respondent enough time to answer the question. Try to ensure that respondent does
not amend the meaning of the question. Do it in a friendly way - experience will show which
are best ways to achieve this
To complete the interview, express thanks for the information received - be kind. Try to make
good impression during the first visit to the household. Keep in mind that you would have to
come again to the same household
Do not offer copies of the questionnaire or any other material or anything else that the
interviewer is not authorized to distribute
When leaving the household, thank all the respondents for their cooperation in the survey, time
they spent and the efforts they invested
4. Concepts and Main Definitions: In order to manage the survey properly, a list of key terms have
been established, which should help interviewers in carrying out their work. Detailed definitions
are provided in relevant chapters on individual modules.
20
Population: Set of elements which make the whole. That could be all the people in a
country or an entity, all households, etc.
Sample: A part of population representing the whole population. Sample selection is a
subject of statistical methods that take into account characteristics of both the population
and individual members of the population
Direct Interview: Procedure by which information on certain person is collected directly
from the person. The person giving information on him/herself is a “direct respondent”
Reference Period: Period about which the respondent is asked questions. The survey uses
different reference periods depending on the type of required information, respondent’s
ability to remember and objectives of each topic to be analyzed
Household: Social unit consisting of one or more persons, who use joint accommodation
and food. In other words, a household is a group of persons, who normally live in the same
household unit (“live under the same roof”), who are or are not related and who eat together
(“eat from the same pot”)
Head of the Household: A person defined as such for the purpose of the survey,
irrespective of reason (the oldest by age, decision maker in the household, a person who
earns the most income, based on tradition, etc.)
Guest: A person, who uses joint accommodation and food free of charge together with
household members. A guest, who stays longer than six months is considered a household
member
Tenant of the Household: A person, who pays for accommodation in a part of a household.
This person is not a member of the household whether they eat on their own or prepare food
separately. Such tenant is considered a separate household
Students Who Study in Another Town: If supported by the household, are treated as
household members even though they are more than six months absent
Household Members: Anybody, who meets the following criteria:
Members
Non-members
A household member is present at the
moment of interview, if that is the place
where he/she spent at least 6 months of the
previous 12 months. The household head
should be listed as a member even if they did
not spend 6 of the previous 12 months in the
household.
Person absent from the household longer
than 6 months (including ones serving
military service, in prison, religious
service, etc.)
Person absent at the moment of interview, if
he/she is absent less than six months during
the previous 12 months.
Those who live elsewhere, visitors or
tourists who are in the household less than
six months.
Guests or other persons, who live in the
household longer than six months during the
previous 12 months.
Tenants, who eat and who do not eat with
the household.
Newborn babies irrespective of the duration
of their stay in the household, as well as the
head of the household.
Those, who eat in the household but live
elsewhere or live in the household but eat
elsewhere.
21
Students, who are absent longer than six
months but are supported by household
members.
Similar to tenants – students who pay for
accommodation and food to the household.
5. Organization of the Questionnaire. In order to maintain respondents’ attention to achieve good
rhythm of the interview, get information in such form that facilitates questionnaire filling. The
questionnaire is designed with specific structure and order by which the topic on which questions
are asked, are organized.
The questions in the questionnaires are organized into sections, which are ordered in sequences one
after another; and each is on one of the surveyed topics.
The interview must be carried out in exactly the same order defined in the questionnaire. The
following tables provide a list of sections and the topics covered. Detailed information on each
section can be found in subsequent chapters of this manual.
Household Questionnaire
Section
Topic
Respondent
Cover
Cover
To be completed by the field staff
1
Roster
To be filled by the
HOUSEHOLD or spouse.
2
Education
All individuals for themselves unless
under age 12; then collect the information
from parent or guardian
3
Labour
All individuals for themselves unless
under age 12; then collect the information
from parent or guardian
4A
Health
All individuals
4B
Child Development
Children 2 –18 years
Remittance
All individuals 10 years and above
6A
Behavior
All individuals 10 years and above
6B
Attitude
All individuals 10 years and above
Non-Farm Enterprises and Income
Generating Activities
Owner or manager of enterprise
6
9
head
of
10A
Meals Away from Home
Female in the household responsible for
food preparation and/or food purchases
10B
Food Consumption and Expenditure
Female in the household responsible for
food preparation and/or food purchases
10C
Aggregate Food Consumption
Female in the household responsible for
food preparation and/or food purchases
11
Non-Food Expenditures
Most knowledgeable person or person,
who is responsible for household
purchases
12
Food Security
HOUSEHOLD head or eligible adult
13
Other Household Income
HOUSEHOLD head or eligible adult
14
Safety Nets
HOUSEHOLD head or eligible adult
Economic Shocks and Death
HOUSEHOLD head or eligible adult
15A
22
Section
15B
15C
16
Topic
Death in the Household
Respondent
HOUSEHOLD head or eligible adult
Conflict
HOUSEHOLD head or eligible adult
Contact Information
HOUSEHOLD head or eligible adult
23
Agricultural Activity Questionnaire
Section
Topic
Respondent
Cover
Cover
To be completed by field Staff.
HOUSEHOLD ID must be copied from
HOUSEHOLD
to
Agriculture
Questionnaire.
A1
Land
Farmer, owner or manager of plot
A2
Labor
Farmer, owner or manager of plot
11C1
Input Cost
Farmer, owner or manager of plot
11D
Fertilizer Acquisition
Farmer, owner or manager of plot
A3i. & ii.
Agricultural Production Harvest of
Field and Tree Crops and Crop
Disposition
Farmer, owner or manager of plot
A4
Agricultural Capital
Farmer, owner or manager of plot
A5
Extension Services
Farmer, owner or manager of plot
A8
Other
Agricultural
Agricultural By-Product
A9
(A and B)
Fishing Capital and Revenue
A10
Network Roster
Income:
Farmer or caretaker of animals
Owner of fishing operations
Farmer, owner or manager of plot
6. Type of Information: The GHS Panel questionnaire requires different types of information
depending on the topic, which is to be analyzed, age, and level of details and accuracy of required
information.
7. Direct Response
In case of persons older than 12, such person is the direct respondent.
Besides, in sections on specific topic, such as consumption, agriculture and family business, direct
respondent is person who is most knowledgeable about this subject (enterprise owner, person who
does farming, person in the household in charge of supply, etc.).
See previous Table for information on the most suitable respondent for each module of the
questionnaire.
8. Questionnaire Filling: The questionnaire includes different elements:
Question: It is to be literarily read to the respondent based on which information required in
the survey is obtained. Each question is numbered
Answer Modality or Core: These are possible answers where the interviewer selects an answer
code, which is closest to the respondent’s answer. (Pay attention that in many questions, there
are no offered modalities but measured units to be used in the answer (year, KM, kg, etc.)
Answer Box: It is a place envisaged to enter given answer
Instruction for Interviewer: These are printed in CAPITAL letters, which facilitates survey
implementation
Skip Patterns: Questions are normally asked in order; one after another. However, in some
cases, given answer defines which question to ask next or which question is to be skipped.
Questionnaire uses certain marks, which show which question is to be skipped
24
9. Question Types: There are two types of questions used in the GHS Panel questionnaire:
Closed Questions a) Both question text and question code are read: For this type of question, the
interviewer must literally read both questions and slowly, one-by-one, list of offered codes. In such
questions both question and code are printed in small letters.
b) Only Question Text is Read: For this type of question, the interviewer reads only the text of
the question, waits for the answer and then selects corresponding code and enters it. In this type
of question, question text is printed in small letters and question codes are printed in CAPITAL
letters.
Open Questions: For this type of question, the interviewer reads only question text and then
enters answer exactly as given by the respondent. For such questions there are no offered
answers, and the interviewer enters either words or numbers depending on the question and
answer. “Respondent’s name” is an example of open question where the interviewer enters
words.
10. Note for the Interviewer
Anything printed in CAPITAL letters presents instruction for the interviewer and should not be read
loudly. CAPITAL letters are used in three cases:
Instructions for Interviewer: These are instructions for the interviewer on how to ask question,
how to enter data, what to do after the answer is given.
25
Example: As it could be seen in the question 15 from the Education Section below, whole
question is printed in small letters. It means that the interviewer reads whole question exactly
as it is written.
15.
What was the amount of the scholarship you
received in the 2011-2012 school year?
Example: Unlike the question 15, whole text taken from the Assets Section is printed in
CAPITAL letters. This question should not be read loudly – this is an instruction for the
interviewer and the interviewer has to do what he/she is requested and then move to the next
question, which requires information from the respondent.
I
T
E
M
LIST ALL THE ITEMS IN QUESTION 1 AND THE OWNER OF THE
ASSET IN QUESTION 2. IF MORE THAN ONE ITEM, WRITE A
DESCRIPTION OF THE ITEM BELOW, OTHERWISE WRITE ONLY
THE CODE OF THE ITEM.
I
T
DESCRIPTION
E
M
C
O
D
E
1
2
Brackets and Capital Letters: It means that the interviewer has to replace the word in the
brackets by another word, when he/she asks the question. In certain sections of the
questionnaire, the word “name” is often written in brackets [NAME]. In such cases this work
should be replaced by actual name of the person interviewed at that moment.
Figure 3 below shows Flap A open with a part of Section 1 – Roster, shown.
If Mrs. Onyido is the respondent on this section of the questionnaire, then following the rules of
filling-out the questionnaire, you would seek answers for the person in the first row of the section;
in this case, Mr. Onyido.
In asking the question, you should replace [Name] with the name of the person on the Flap. You
would read question 12 as follows:
26
“What is Mr. Onyido’s main religion?”
Example: As it is shown in question 1 (see Figure 4 below), the word animal is written in capital
letters in brackets. It means that the word ‘animal’ should be replaced by the name of specific animal
from the list below that question. Which means, when this question is asked first time, it would
read: “Since the New Year, have you or any member of your household raised or owned any Calf
Female?”, when asked for the first line.
Figure 4
1.
Since the new year, have you or any member of your household raised or
owned any [ANIMAL]?
ASK FOR EACH ANIMAL AND THEN ASK Q. 2-23 FOR EACH. IF
NONE, (►SECTION 11k)
YES………1
NO.………2(►NEXT ANIMAL)
101
CALF FEMALE
102
CALF MALE
103
HEIFER
104
STEER
Preventing Influence on the Answer: In questions where an opinion is requested, answer
modalities are often written in capital letters (that is the other type of closed question). It means
that the interviewer does not read answer modalities and waits for the respondent to answer
him/herself. (In other questions, modalities are written in small letters and interviewer should
read them loudly)
Example: In this case we want to make sure that respondent gives the reason why he/she is not
currently in school. If the interviewer started reading answer modalities, the respondent might
27
agree with some other modality. But the reason 12 might be the reason why he/she is not
currently in school.
10.
Why are you not currently in
school?
HAD
ENOUGH
SCHOOLING...1
AWAITING ADMISSION.....2
NO
SCHOOL/LACK
OF
TEACHERS ..............3 NO
TIME/NO INTEREST....4 LACK
OF MONEY..........5 MARITAL
OBLIGATION
....6
SICKNESS...............7
DISABILITY.............8
SEPARATION
OF
DEATH
PARENTS......10
TOO
OF
OLD
DOMESTIC
TO
PARENTS..9
ATTEND
OBLIGATION
OTHERS
....11
..12
(SPECIFY)
______________........13
(► 24)
11. Order of Asking Questions and Skip Pattern.
In order to maintain logical sequence of filling questionnaire, a system of skip patterns, which enables
interviewer to follow course of the interview depending on received answers from the respondent, has
been developed. Depending on the answer given by the respondent, some questions would be asked,
another would be skipped. In order to ensure this, the questionnaire is to be filled in order, moving from
left to right. It helps interviewer to carry out interview without going back and forth and checking
previous answers.
The questionnaires are to be filled in order, question by question, except in cases of special instruction.
Everybody is to be asked question 1, then question 2, 3 etc, see Figure 5.
For example, in section where a flap is used, you should record the data one row (or person) at a time.
At the end of the section, or where you are instructed to go to the next person, you should record
information for the next person in the row below. This should be done until you have completed all
persons for that section.
How to Use the Flaps
There are two flaps in the Household Questionnaire – flap A and B. After the cover has been completed,
the next step is to open Flap A on page 34 of the panel household questionnaire. All the information on
this flap should be completed for the household. The row where a person’s name is placed on the flap
will be the row in which all the information about that person will be given in sections 1 to 4. The flap
is kept open so that the row that corresponds to the person will always be visible.
28
Flap B is to be used for the non-farm enterprises section (9) of the household questionnaire. This flap
should be prefilled before going to the field. Open flap B before commencing the interview on the nonfarm household enterprise section. Make sure that all non-farm household enterprises captured in wave
2 post-harvest are prefilled. In addition, new non-farm household enterprises should be documented in
this flap and the necessary questions asked for this new enterprise in the rest of the section.
UPPER and Lower Case Texts (CAPITAL Letters and Small Letters)
Texts written in upper case (capital) letters are instructions to the interviewer and should not be read to
the respondent. Other texts that you will see written with upper case letters are lists and codes. These
also should NOT be read to the respondent.
Text written in lower case (small) letters SHOULD be read directly to the respondent.
For example, in Question 10 (see Figure 2 below), you should read: “In what year did you get married
to each of your wives respectively?” You should not read the text below that because it is written with
upper case (capital) letters. The text in upper case letters is an instruction to you.
10.
11.
12.
In what year, did you get married to
each of your wives respectively?
Does [NAME]'s spouse/ partner
live in this household now?
[ASK ABOUT FIRST THE
WIFE FOR REPSPONDENTS
WITH MULTIPLE WIVES].
WRITE ID CODE OF
CURRENT SPOUSE (OR IN
THE CASE OF A
POLYGOMOUS MARIAGE,
FIRST WIFE AMONG
THOSE) WHO LIVE(S) IN
THE HOUSEHOLD.
LIST THE YEAR FOR YOUR FIRST
WIFE AND THEN THE YEAR OF
MARRIAGE FOR UP TO 3 OTHER
MOST RECENT WIVES.
YES.1
COPY SPOUSE ID
FROM ROSTER
NO.2 (►Q13)
WIFE 1
WIFE
2
WIFE
3
WIFE
4
ID CODE
1963
1
2
But, not all respondents should answer all the questions. For example, if person is not employed, he/she
should not be asked about his/her job- such questions would be inappropriate. Besides, it would make
interview longer and annoy the respondent. For these reasons, the questionnaire includes clear skip
patterns, which indicate to the interviewer, which person should not be asked which questions,
depending on the answer to previous question.
There are numerous instructions for skipping questions and moving to another part of the questionnaire
in the most efficient and logical way. Examples of such questions are given below: since they present
key component of the questionnaire, their proper understanding would have significant impact on the
quality of the answers and duration of the interview.
The following signs are used to identify skip patterns: If there is not any sign, then all the respondents
are asked the next question, irrespective of their answer to the previous question.
29
Example: If there is no skip pattern, irrespective of ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer to this question, the respondent
should be asked the following question 4.
3.
Do you have health insurance?
YES.......1
NO......,2
If there is arrow ► followed by ‘Q’ and a number ► Q18, it means that the interviewer should move
directly to the question with the number, in this particular case question number 18.
Example: If person answers question 8 that he/she has taken steps to find a job in the past 7 days, the
skip pattern indicates that he/she should not answer question 9, but instead should skip to and answer
question 10. After posing question 10 to the respondent, s/he replies that they were available for work.
This means the enumerator should skip to question 12. The enumerator then asks question 12 and
records the month and year that the person did work for pay. If the worker has never done any work
for pay, then the enumerator should skip to question 39. If the worker did not work in the past 12
months, then the enumerator should skip to question 50.
30
8.
9.
Have you taken What is the main reason you did
any steps within not look for a job in the past 7
the past 7 days days?
to look for
work?
MOST IMPORTANT
10.
Were you
available
for work
during the
last 7
days?
11.
Why were you not available
for work during the last 7
days?
12.
When was the last
time you did work
for pay, profit or
gain (if any)?
REASON
STUDENT...........1
IN SCHOOL ............1
HOUSEWIFE/CHILDCARE...2
BUSY WITH HOUSEHOLD
TOO OLD/RETIRED.......3
DUTIES ...............2
SICKNESS/ILLNESS......4
TOO YOUNG TO WORK.....3
DISABILITY............5
TOO OLD TO WORK.......4
WAITING FOR REPLY FROM
TOO SICK TO WORK......5
EMPLOYER..............6
DISABLED..............6
WAITING
OTHER (SPECIFY)
FOR
RECALL
BY
IF NEVER, LEAVE
BLANK (►Q37)
________________......7
EMPLOYER..............7
ON LEAVE..............8
YES..1 (►10)
NO...2
WAITING
FOR
BUSY
SEASON................9
(►Q12)
OTHER(SPECIFY)
YES..1
(►12)
NO...2
_________________....10
IF YOU HAVE
NOT WORKED IN
THE LAST 12
MONTHS (►Q37)
MONTH YEAR
Sometimes all persons asked certain question skip to another question, Section or
Person. In that case instruction in the box is printed in capital letters.
Example: Question 22, everybody who answers this question has no further questions in this
section and the interviewer goes to the next person irrespective of the answer.
31
22.
What is/was [NAME]'s
biological mother's main
industry of occupation?
AGRICULTURE.........1
MINING..............2
MANUFACTURING.......3
PROFESSIONAL/
SCIENTIFIC/TECHNICAL
ACTIVITIES..........4
ELECTRICITY.........5
CONSTRUCTION........6
TRANSPORTATION......7
BUYING AND SELLING….8
FINANCIAL SERVICES..9
PERSONAL SERVICES..10
EDUCATION..........11
HEALTH.............12
PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION.....13
OTHER, SPECIFY
(►NEXT PERSON)
__________________.14
12.
Types of Data to be entered: There are two types of data to be recorded based on the
information direct and transcript.
Direct: Direct is when the interviewer needs to enter verbatim what the respondent says. It
could be numerical data (quantity or price) or textual data (respondent’s name, employment sector).
Transcript: It is when there are predetermined codes for expected different answers. The
interviewer should identify corresponding code and enter it in the relevant box.
In order to avoid errors in transcription, the interviewer must be
particularly careful, taking due care to enter data in the box envisaged for
the interviewed person. Since answer box envisaged for interviewed
person is distant from individual's ID and distant from the place where
question text and modality are loaded, the interviewer must take care to
make proper entry.
The purpose of shadowed rows is to facilitate this and to separate rows
belonging to different household members which are interviewed.
32
13. Measurement Units
For all questions where the respondent is asked to specify certain quantity, amount, frequency, etc.,
different measure units are offered (e.g. kilogram-sack, month-year, meter-kilometer, etc.). The
respondent can choose the most suitable measure unit that is easiest for him/her to give answers to
required questions. The respondent can choose, within the same section, to give answers for
different items in different measure units (e.g. seed use for different crops could be expressed in
different measure units).
Households or individuals should first choose the unit of measure in which they want to respond
in, and then give answer on quantity, amount or frequency. The interviewer enters measure unit
code in the corresponding column, followed by the amount, quantity or frequency.
The interviewer enters data on such measure unit as the respondent says and does not do any
conversion. All necessary conversions would be done by computers during data entry or survey
analysis process. Questions would be answered either by whole numbers or by decimal numbers.
Decimal is to be separated from the whole number by dot (.).
14. Lack of Information
When the respondent, for any reason, gives no answer to the asked question, the interviewer should
record 9999 if the respondent does not know or cannot remember the answer or refuses to answer
in the relevant box.
15. Entering “0” as an Answer
If the question is about quantity (e.g. number of days, hectares, value, KM, etc.) zero is correct
answer and should always be entered if the respondent gives such an answer.
If the question contains categories, rather than value, zero is not valid answer. The interviewer
should enter number, or in case of no answer 9999.
In case there are more answers offered for asked question, and the respondent gives only one
answer, the interviewer should enter hyphen (-) in the other columns, to indicate that only one
answer was given.
16. Correcting Errors in the Questionnaire
The questionnaire is to be filled by pen. In case of error, the interviewer should strikethrough the data
so that one is still able to see the original and enter correct answer in the same box.
The following chapters provide instruction for filling-out the questionnaires and their sections.
Pre-Filling Questionnaire
The role of an interviewer in completing questionnaires for post-harvest panel survey is crucial. Some
sections in the post-harvest panel questionnaires should be pre-filled by the field staff from the post
planting questionnaires. The essence is to aid in the development of tracking policy, which will:
Ensure that same households/respondents interviewed during Post- Planting (1st Visit) period
responded during Post Harvesting (2nd Visit) period
To explore relationship between Post-Planting and Post Harvesting in Panel Survey
To confirm and validate the inconsistencies in the data collected
33
To track changes over time in behaviour and activities of households/individuals
To provide means to gather additional information on households including changes in
household composition
General Households Questionnaire
The following sections should be pre-filled using the already completed HHs Post Planting
questionnaires for individual HHs concerned:
Cover page
Household Identification Section 1
Roster-Panel Households (All household members) Section 1
Non-Farm Enterprises and Income Generating Activities Section 9
Section A-1: Household Identification
The interviewer should pre-fill the HH identification section using the already filled pre-filling sheet,
filled from the Post planting (1st) visit information. The pre-filling sheet will contain the same
information from the post planting cover pages and the necessary household roster flap information.
The pre-filling sheet contains both the cover page as well as the flap A household individual information
on the same page. In situations where the household is more than 12, we will have two (household size
of up to 24) or three pre-filling sheets (household size above 24 but less than 36) – in that order. The
interviewer should ensure that the information entered on the cover page of the post-harvest
questionnaires and flaps correspond with the information contained in the pre-filling sheets given them
for the respective household. A sample pre-filling sheet is presented below.
34
State: Abia, HHID: 010001
SECTION
A-1:
IDENTIFICATION
HOUSEHOLD
HHID
010001
SOUTH EAST
4
Abia
1
UMUAHIA NORTH
115
2. STATE:
3. LGA
1
Code
Name
1. Zone
1
4. SECTOR (Urban=1, Rural=2)
5. EA
VERSION
670
SIR G.N.NWAGBARA
1309
6. RIC
30
7. HOUSEHOLD NO.
9. NAME OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD:
MR UJA AGBAEZE
10. ADDRESS OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD:
D41 EHIMIRI HOUSING ESTATE
FLAP A
1.
INDIV
2.
3.
3b.
4.
PERSON
What is
the sex of
[NAME]?
What is
[NAME]'s
relationsh
ip to the
head of
household
?
OTHER
RELATIONSH
IP
How old is
[NAME] (IN
COMPLETE
D YEARS)?
REPORTE
D DEAD
NAME
1
U AGBAEZE
1
1
2
EUNICE
2
2
3
GRACE
2
3
4
MARY
2
12
5
UJA
1
7
6
OLUCHI
2
8
7
AHAMEFULA
1
7
8
EMMANUEL
1
3
9
10
11
12
35
Procedure for Pre-Filling the Cover Page
Copy from the already completed pre-filling sheet unto the
Name and code of the zones
Name and code of states
EA name/code, RIC code, HH number and Name of the Household Head, and all other
information required on the cover page of the questionnaire for that particular HH
Procedure for Pre-Filling Flap A of the Household Roster
One new thing that appears in flap A is individual ID appearing on both extreme columns of this flap.
The last column is especially useful to ensure that we don’t ask questions about individuals reported as
dead in the household from post planting.
Beneath the cover page information for the household is the household roster prefilled data for the
flap A.
Information on the name, sex, relationship to head, and person reported dead in post planting visit
of individual members of the household will be contained in the pre-filling sheet.
The interviewer should copy these information exactly as they appear in the pre-filling sheet(s). It
must be noted that for households with more than 12 members – the pre-filling sheets will be 2, 3,
4 etc. depending on the actual size of the household as described above. In that case, the number of
pre-filled household questionnaires should correspond with the household size.
For household members reported dead in post planting, an asterisk should be put on the line
corresponding to that individual’s line in the pre-filled flap A so that care is taken not to ask the
household about this individual anymore.
If any person(s) joined the HH, he/she should be regarded as new member(s) of the HH and will be
entered or recorded below as the original members of the HH. This is normally done in the field
during the interview process. Interviewers should ask if new members have joined the household
since the interview (post planting visit)
Procedure for Pre-Filling Non-Farm Enterprises and Income Generating Activities – Flap B
o
The procedure for pre-filling the flap B is the same as that of flap A, just that here we are dealing
with enterprise ID instead of individual ID. Similarly, pre-filling sheets of enterprises operated
by the household, captured in wave 2 post-harvest will be pre-filled. The industry code of the
specific enterprise will be pre-filled as well.
o
Any new enterprise should be recorded below as an addition
Agricultural Questionnaire
The following sections should be pre-filled using the already completed Agriculture Post-Planting
questionnaires for individual HHs concerned
Household Identification Section (A-1)
Flap C (Plot)
Flap D (Plot-Crop)
Flap E (Crop)
Flaps C (Plot), D (Plot-Crop) and E (CROP)
In pre-filling the flaps, the following steps should be taken
In flap C, list all the plots recorded in the already completed post planting questionnaire for
that household
36
Any additional plot acquired but not recorded should be included and tagged ‘new’
Similarly, flap D will be treated as flap C but should be related to crops instead of plots
In flap E, list all the crops recorded in flap D (list each crop only once regardless of the
number of plots on which it is grown) along with their respective codes.
37
Chapter 4: Household Questionnaire
Cover
Household Identification (HOUSEHOLD ID): Six (6) Cells Provided
The first two cells are for the state code and next cells are for serial number of the questionnaire used
in the particular state. Let us use Abia State as an example. The State Code for Abia state is 01. If this
is the 1st questionnaire, then it will have code 0001. You should enter the information as 010001. If you
use more than 1 questionnaire in a particular household then you must copy the HOUSEHOLDID of
the HOUSEHOLD questionnaire to all other questionnaire in that particular HOUSEHOLD.
Questionnaire of Total: This refers to number of questionnaires administered in each selected
household. E.g. one questionnaire in a household should be filled in as 1 of 1, while two questionnaires
in a household should be filled in as 1 of 2 for the household questionnaire and 2 of 2 for the other
questionnaire, etc.
The information for filling out the Questions below should be copied from the EA Line Map and
Selection Sheet
Zone: The name and code of the zone where the interview was conducted should be recorded in the
space and box provided.
State: The name and code of the state, where the interview was conducted should be recorded in the
space and box provided.
L.G.A: This is the Local Government Area (LGA): the name and code of the LGA where the interview
is being conducted should be written in the space and box provided.
Sector: A sector can be either Urban or Rural; one box is provided for entry of 1 for Urban and 2, Rural.
E.A Code: The E.A. name should be written first, followed by the code E.A. The EA code is make up
of four digits and if it less than four digits, there should be leading zero.
RIC: This is the replicate identification code number of the E.A.
Household Number:
The household number is also represented by three digit code. This is the serial number obtained from
the listing form in each selected EA and can be copied from the listing form or selection sheet.
Name and Address of the Household Head
This can be confirmed from the selection sheet and should be printed boldly in the space provided.
Supervisor/Interviewer Name:
The interviewer/supervisor will write his/her own name and the code assigned to him/her during training
as a form of control to ensure the quality of data collected.
There is a large box on the right hand side of the cover page of the questionnaire. In the box we have
questions AG1 to AG3. The questions AG1-AG3 are used to determine if the Agriculture questionnaire
should be administered to the household. Questions AG1 and AG2 should be completed by Interviewer,
based on responses from the HOUSEHOLD head.
38
Questions AG3: PLEASE PAY ATTENTION TO THIS PARTICULAR QUESTION. If response
to questions AG1 and AG2 is “NO”, then make sure the household has no other agriculture activity
including any livestock or fishery activities. Recall that the definition of an agricultural activity is:
Agriculture is the system of cultivating soil for production of crops, horticulture, livestock/poultry,
fishing, forestry and in varying degrees. If the response of AG1 and AG2 is “2” AND THE
HOUSEHOLD HAS NO OTHER AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY, place “2” as response to this
question. In the case of all other responses to AG1 and AG2, response to AG3 must be “1”.
Date of Interviews (First, Second and Third)
This is a six digit number to represent the Day, Month, and Year that the first, the second and the third
interviews were carried out. This is applicable when you visit a household multiple times in order to
complete the questionnaire.
Time of Interview (First, Second and Third): These questions seek to determine the time spent
conducting the interview. The starting and ending time must only include the period the interview is
being conducted. Note: the times should be recorded in GMT (24 hours) e.g. if the time is 1pm, the
correct recording will be 13: 00.
Questions 15a, 18a and 21a: These questions serve as a check list for the sections of the questionnaire;
yet to be completed at the first visit, second visit and the third visit. At the end of the first day of
interview in a household, the interviewer should mark the sections yet to be completed. At the second
or third visit, the check list will guide the interviewer to know the sections to concentrate upon in order
to complete all the sections of the questionnaire required in that household.
Cover Page 3: There are two questions. These questions should be answered when the field work for
the HOUSEHOLD has been completed.
QUESTION 1: This gives the status of the interview process with the household. That is, it relates to
all questionnaires for that particular household.
QUESTION 2: This gives the status of data entry for all questionnaires from that particular household.
SECTION 1: ROSTER
Main objective of this section is to identify all the persons who are household members and collect
general demographic information on them, such as age, gender, marital status, etc.
The first step in completing the Roster is to open FLAP A. FLAP A is on page 34 of the panel
questionnaire and contains Question 1 to Question 5.
Respondent: Each individual in the household should respond for him/herself. In the case of children that
cannot respond for themselves, a parent/caregiver of responsible adult age in the household can respond on
their behalf.
Household: In this survey, a household will be defined as a person or group of people, who usually sleep
in the same dwelling and with a recognized head; and, who share common eating arrangement for more
than 6 months preceding the interview.
The following are examples of a household:
A household consisting of a man and his wife/wives and children, father/mother, nephew and other
relatives.
A household consisting of a single person
A household consisting of a couple or several couples with or without their children.
39
All listed persons who have been away from the household for more than six months are not considered to
be household members except: Person identified as the head of household even if he or she has not been with the household for 6
months
Newly born children (or newly adopted)
Students and seasonal workers who have not been living in or as part of another household
Head of Household: Usually, the head of the household is the person, who provides most of the needs of
the household and is familiar with all the activities and occupations of the household members. He/she will
be the person named when you ask the question, "Who is the head of this household?"
INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING-OUT THE ROSTER
The household roster must be filled out with the greatest care. The following steps must be followed:
Completion of FLAP A
This flap must be completely filled-out before answering any other question in the Roster. That is,
questions 1, 2 3, and 4 will be pre-filled and questions 4a will be completed when the interviewer visits
the household. The interviewer should enquire if new persons have joined the household since the last
interview. All persons that have joined the household since the last interview should be written
immediately below the list of persons already entered in the roster. Question 1 to 5 should then be
completed for these new persons that have been added.
In filling Flap A, the respondent should preferably be the head of the household. If the head is absent,
then a responsible and knowledgeable adult, preferably the spouse of the household head should be
interviewed.
Provision is made for 12 household members. If there are more than 12 household members, a second
household questionnaire should be used and the first person on the added questionnaire should be number
13 and so on. The interviewer should confirm that household head here is the same as household head
listed on the cover page.
QUESTION 3: Against each of the names listed, indicate the relationship to the head of household by
printing the appropriate code. For instance, Cletus and Helen are members of the household and they are
children of the head of the household. In this case, the interviewer should write code 3 in question 3 against
the names of these two persons. Mabel is the sister of the head of household, so code 7 should be entered
in her case; while Justina, who is Lawrence’s mother, will have code 10 as the entry for this question.
Definition of Relationships
1- Household Head: The member, who makes key decisions in the household and whose authority is
acknowledged by other members. It should be borne in mind that the key decision maker may not
necessarily be the oldest. Other factors within the household can determine who the head is; such as what
proportion of income is member’s to total household income.
2 - Spouse is the married or partner by mutual consent of the head.
3 - Own Child refers to biological child.
4 - Stepchild: The biological child of a spouse in a previous union (marriage).
5 - Adopted Child: A child acquired from orphanage
6 - Grandchildren Children from your son(s) or daughter(s)
7 - Brother/Sister: A male/female children born of the same parent
8 – Niece/Nephew: The daughter/Son of the brother/sister of the head of the household.
40
10 - Brother/Sister in –Law: Brother/sister of the spouse of the household head.
11 - Parent in-law: Parent of the spouse of the household head.
12 - Domestic Help (Resident): (Servant, guard, cook and baby-sitter among others) refers to a person who
lives with the household and who is paid for services rendered in the household either in cash or kind.
13 - Domestic Help (Non-Resident): (Servant, guard, cook, baby-sitter among others) refers to a person
who DOES NOT live with the household and who is paid for services rendered in the household either in
cash or kind.
14 – Other Relation: Other relatives of the head of the household.
15 – Other Non-Relation: Other non-relatives.
QUESTION 4a: In this question, we are interested in knowing whether the person is still a member of
the household. If the person is no longer a member of the household, code 2 and mark with X the
individual ID next to this question. Crossing out the individual ID to the right will ensure that once the
relevant questions in section 1 have been asked about the individual, no other individual level questions
are solicited of this person.
QUESTION 5: A "YES" response should be given for all persons added on this visit to the list of
household members that were pre-filled. A "YES" should also be given for all persons with less than
seven years as recorded in question 4.
QUESTION 6: Age is an important variable for most socio-economic analysis and must be established as
accurately as possible. This is the age of the person at their last birthday. The age of each person will be
recorded in completed years. If someone will be 25 years old in two weeks after the date of interview, the
recorded age would be 24. Ages of nine years or less will be recorded with a leading zero – for example
‘03’; infants less than one year old will be recorded ‘00’. For older individuals, who may have problem
determining their exact age, the interviewer will probe to obtain an estimate. Try to make the best possible
estimate. Please make use of the national calendar of events to assist in determining the ages of such
individuals. The Field Supervisor should also be of great help in determining the age of the elderly.
Information supplied in QUESTION 4 above should be a guide here. Note also that for children aged 5
years and less, the age is very important in interpreting child malnutrition. The age of persons 100 years
and older should be recorded as 98.
How to use the historical calendar:
Ask of any historical event (national or local) which occurred around the time of birth or
childhood
Ask how old respondent was when that event occurred or how many years elapsed before
his/her birth
Then use the information obtained to calculate the age. For example, if respondent was 15
when Nigeria obtained independence, this person should be 15 + 55 (i.e. 1stOctober 1960 to
23rdOctober 2016) = 70 years. If still this methodology fails, try the next approach
Simply estimate how old the respondent may be based on some district historical events, or
some other events which occurred
Note: The date of birth MUST be recorded for all children six years old or less. In all such cases, the
interviewer should ask to see the child's birth certificate in order to confirm the information provided.
QUESTION 7: Present marital status refers to the respondent's marital status on the day of interview. Note
also that marital status to be recorded is the most recent. For example, if a respondent was a widow and
now has remarried, the current status is "Married".
Definition of Marital Status
1 - Married (Monogamy): Includes all types of marriages e.g. civil, traditional and common law
to only one woman. It is also a state of having only one sexual partner at any one time. The word,
41
monogamy comes from the Greek word called “Mono”, which means one or alone and the Greek
word, “Gamos”, which means marriage or union.
2 - Married (Polygamy): Includes all types of marriages e.g. civil, traditional and common law to
more than one woman. It is also defined as having more than one wife or husband at the same time,
usually a man with several wives.
3 - Informal/Loose Union: Refers to a relationship contracted by two adults living together
without civil or traditional recognition. Such people may report that they are married, so probe
carefully and sensitively to find out the actual marriage contract.
4 - Divorce: When a marriage is legally dissolved
5 - Separation: Living apart without legal backing
6 - Widowed: A situation where one of the couple is dead.
7 - Never Married: A situation where the respondent is single and has never been married before.
QUESTION 8: This question seeks to know if this person is a male in a polygamous marriage. If No, the
interviewer should skip to question 12.
QUESTION 9: The objective of this question is to know how many wives are currently living with the man
who is currently in a polygamous marriage at the time of interview. Only men who are currently in a
polygamous marriage should answer this question. E.g. if the respondent has two wife the interviewer will
write 2 in the space provided and if more 2 than wife the interviewer will the appropriate number in the
space provided.
QUESTION 10: DROPPED
QUESTION 11: This question seeks to determine if the household member’s spouse is currently a
member of the household. In the case of a male in a polygamous relationship, the interviewer should
enquire of the first wife only. If answer is “No”, record 2 and SKIP to Question 12a.
QUESTION 12: This is most senior wife in terms of marriage that lives in the Household. The
interviewer should copy the ID Code of the spouse from the Household Roster.
QUESTION 12a: All members of the household should answer this question. Record the primary
language spoken within the home by the individual other than English. Record language code of the
most commonly spoken language if more than 1.
QUESTION 12b: All members of the household should answer this question. Record mobile phone
ownership. If response to this question is “NO” then skip to Question 13.
QUESTION 12c: All members of the household who own a mobile phone should answer this question.
Ask if respondent can access the internet using his/her cell phone.
QUESTION 13: These questions seek to know if the respondent has been interviewed (or information
has been collected on this individual) in the previous round of the survey.
QUESTION 14: MOVED TO SECTION 4a
QUESTIONS ON MEMBERS JOINING THE HOUSEHOLD SINCE THE LAST
INTERVIEW: QUESTIONS 15 TO 27
42
QUESTION 15: This information is useful as a guide to whether or not the person qualifies as a
household member using the time rule. The CODE for the date should be recorded and not the date
itself.
QUESTION 15: This question is for people that have not been captured in the last time the interviewer
visited the household. Thus, we want to know when the person joined the household. The interviewer
should write only the month code in the space provided for month and the year in which the person joined
the household. The CODE for the date should be recorded and not the date itself.
QUESTION 16: This question seeks to know why the respondent joined this household. Write the code
that is applicable to the response. The option 11 – fled problem area or internally displaced persons (IDPs)
– refer to persons who relocated to this household as a result of conflicts, military insurgence, or problems
in their previous location. A possible problem or conflicts might be terrorist attack in previous community.
QUESTION 17: This question should be answered by all persons in the household. The religion of the
household member is required. As there are countless large and small religions, many of which cannot be
verified to be real or legitimate, do not try and query what denomination as this creates friction and may
result in non-response to the rest of the interview. Note that the religion of small children should also be
recorded although this is normally the same as their parents.
QUESTIONS 18 to 22: These questions are about the biological father of the respondent. If the
biological father is a member of the household then the household Individual Code should be written in
Question 19. Carefully identify the respondent's father on FLAP A before writing the code.
QUESTION 18: Asks if the household member’s biological father lives in the household. This information
is useful for determining whether the child’s (natural) father is alive and to measure the prevalence of
orphan-hood and child fostering in the population. The response is either Yes or No; if No skip to question
20.
ALL respondents that are asked question 27 should not be asked any subsequent questions in the roster
and should be skipped to SECTION 2A, as instructed.
QUESTIONS ON MEMBERS THAT HAVE LEFT THE HOUSEHOLD SINCE THE LAST
INTERVIEW: QUESTIONS 28 TO 41
These questions should be answered by the head of the household or the spouse of the head of
household, or some other responsible adult in the household.
QUESTION 28: This question concerns those members, who had left the household from question 4a. We
are interested in knowing the main reason why the person left the household. There are possible options
offered with codes. Please probe for the main reason why the person left the household and print the
appropriate code for the given reason.
QUESTION 29: This question seeks to know the month and year in which the person left the household.
The code of the month and year should be written instead.
QUESTION 30: This question seeks to know if the person resides in Nigeria or outside Nigeria at the
time of the interview. If the person leaves outside Nigeria, the interviewer should skip to question 32.
43
QUESTION 31: The interviewer should write the name of the State, the Code as well as the name and
code of the LGA that the relocated person lives. The list of the LGA code and state code will be given
to each interviewer for proper coding and the supervisors will check what the interviewer has written.
The LGA code should be only the last two digits.
QUESTION 32: This question is for those relocated household members, who migrated outside of
Nigeria. We want to know the country that the individual migrated to. If the respondent does not know
the country that the former household member has moved to, then 98 should be recorded as the response.
QUESTION 33: This question asks how many months the respondent has been out of Nigeria. The
interviewer should record only in months. This is the number of months with leading zeros for single
months. E.g. One month should be recorded as 01 and ten months should record as 10. The interviewer
should know that the question is asking from date of the last visit; if less than one month, the
interviewer should write 01.
QUESTION 34: There could be more than one reason that the former household member migrated but
this question requires only one response. The single response should be the most important reason for
the migration.
QUESTION 35: This question seeks to know if the former household member is currently in a job.
QUESTION 36 to 38: These questions are about the former household member's current job. A
complete description of the job must be provided in question 36 and the appropriate economic activity
of the job provided in Question 37. Note that this job that has been written must not be coded in the
interview. The one who provided information to the migrated household member on how to find job
should be written in question 38.
QUESTION 39 to 41: These questions seek to determine the former household member's sources of
financial assistance to migrate and to settle abroad.
Answers to these questions must conclude with a skip to the NEXT PERSON because no further
questions should be asked about the former household member.
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SECTION 2: EDUCATION FOR MEMBERS IN THE HOUSEHOLD
All household members 5 years old and older must have a response.
The objective of this section is to measure the level of education or formal schooling of all household
members. The key educational indicators that are of interest are enrolment rates and dropout rates.
Dropouts are persons of primary or secondary school age that are not currently attending school. Additional
educational indicators include the highest grade completed and the type of school attended (private or
public). This section also collects information on literacy levels and education expenditure
Respondents: Ideally, all household members should respond for themselves. Proxy answers are allowed
as parents/guardians can answer for their children who are under 12 years old. In other case where it is not
possible for individual response, the head of household or the spouse of the head of household should
respond on behalf of the household members that are not available for the interview.
In this section, the term ‘school’ includes primary, secondary and post-secondary schooling, as well
as any other intermediate levels of schooling in the formal school system. It also includes technical
or vocational training beyond the primary-school level, such as long-term courses in mechanics or
secretarial work.
Schools that carry out non-formal education are also included here. Ensure that respondents
understand what is meant by ‘non-formal education’. A non-formal education includes religious
schools, such as Quranic schools, that do not teach a full, standard school curriculum. If a school
teaches religious courses but also includes the standard curriculum – such as many Catholic schools
– it would be coded as a standard school.
Pre-school is listed for children, who do not attend grade 1 at age 5 but do attend some form of
organized learning or early childhood education programme, whether or not such a programme is
considered part of the school system. The definition of organized early learning programme does
not refer to programme offering only babysitting or child-minding.
FLAP A on page 34 should be used with this section.
QUESTION 1 (DROPPED) and 2: These questions are for the interviewer and are designed to provide
guidance as to the next section to be answered by the respondent. A response must be written before any
skip action is taken. If the person is less than 5 years, then the interviewer should skip to section 4, health.
QUESTION 3 and 4: These questions are to identify the respondent. If the individual is answering for
him/her self, then 1 should be written in question 3 and skip to question 5, otherwise, code 2 and provide
the ID of the person responding from the household roster.
QUESTION 5: The response to this question is "YES" if the respondent can BOTH read and write in any
language. If the respondent can read but cannot write, or write but cannot read, or can neither read nor write,
then the correct response is "NO".
QUESTION 6: This question is designed to separate the respondents into persons that have attended school
and those that have not. Attendance does not mean that any level was completed. It should also be noted
that the term "school” includes Quaranic schools. If the individual has never attended school, skip to Q8.
QUESTION 7: This question is for individual members that have never been to school. We are interested
in knowing the main reason why the individual has never been to school. Although this question can have
more than one valid response, it is a single response question and only the MAIN reason is required.
45
Responses such as "NONE" and "DON'T KNOW" should be recorded under Other Specify. Once you code
the response here, skip to the next person or section for this individual.
QUESTIONS 8 to 27: These questions are for persons that have attended school.
QUESTION 8: The interviewer should ask the respondent at what age did him/her start schooling. The
interviewer is expected to probe further using stories, events and illustrations that happened for the
elderly ones to assist them to recall from memory the age.
QUESTION 9: This is the highest level that was SUCCESSFULY completed by the individual. Refer
to the Q21 of the household roster for the description of levels of education in the country.
QUESTION 10: Qualification means certification at the respective level. That is, the respondent has
passed all necessary qualifying examinations and coursework at that level.
Definition of Qualification Codes:
NONE: The respondent has not been certified to have completed any level.
FSLC: First School Leaving Certificate is attained after spending six (6) years in primary school.
MSLC: Modern School Leaving Certificate is attained after spending six (6) years in the primary
school and three years of Modern school.
VOC/COMM.: Vocational/Commercial is a certificate obtained after going through artisan/art
craft training e.g. Mechanic, Tailoring etc.
JSS: Junior Secondary School is a certificate obtained after completion of the first three (3) years
in secondary school.
SSS (O’ Level): Senior Secondary School is a certificate obtained after completion of six (6) years
in secondary school.
A Level: Advance Level is a certificate obtained after two (2) years completion of higher secondary
school (HSC).
NCE/OND: (NCE) National Certificate of Education is a certificate obtained after completion of
three (3) years in college of education.
(OND) Ordinary National Diploma is the certificate obtained after completion of first two (2) years
in the Polytechnic.
School of Nursing: This is a certificate obtained after spending three (3) years in the school of
nursing.
BA/BSc./HND: Bachelor of Arts/Bachelor of Science/Higher National Diploma are obtained after
three (3), four (4), five (5) or six (6) years of university or polytechnic education.
Technical or Professional Diploma: It refers to a Diploma Certificate obtained from any
polytechnic or university.
Masters: Refers to any Masters degree. It is the second degree obtained in the university after
Bachelors (first degree). Examples include Master of Science (MSc), Masters of Business
Administration (MBA).
Doctorate: Refers to PhD: Doctor of Philosophy is the third level degree obtainable in the
university after Masters.
QUESTION 11: DROPPED
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QUESTION 12: DROPPED
QUESTION 13: This question asks about the respondent's enrolment in school in the current school year,
2015 - 2016. The school can be any of those with the levels listed in question 15 below.
QUESTION 14: This is a single response question, so only the main reason should be given. For
persons that are elderly or who do not consider further education necessary, option 1 should be recorded,
i.e. "HAD ENOUGH/COMPLETED SCHOOLING". Once the code for the main reason has been
written, skip to Q23 for this individual.
QUESTIONS 15 TO 24: These questions are only for persons enrolled in school in the current
school year, 2015 - 2016.
QUESTION 15: This question is for enrolment in the current school year: 2015 to 2016. Even if the
respondent is not presently attending but has been registered in a class at the school, the code level in
which the person is enrolled (or registered) should be recorded.
QUESTION 16: This question seeks to know institution that operates the school that the individual is
enrolled in the current school year. A school in Nigeria can be run by the federal government, state,
local government, or some religious body. The right code of the school should be written.
QUESTION 17: This question sought to find out the means by which the individual attends school. Some
individuals might mainly walk to school; others might use the bus or some commercial means of
transportation. This is a single response method so the main method is required. The method is considered
"main" if that is the method used for most/all of the journey on most days.
QUESTION 18: We want to know how long it takes the individual to reach school using the main means
coded in question 17. This is the time usually taken on a typical day. Note that the times which have been
coded, are in minutes. The interviewer should record the CODE for the time and not the time itself.
QUESTION 19: The question seeks to determine if the individual is currently on scholarship, i.e. is
registered for a scholarship for this current school year: 2015 to 2016. If the individual has no scholarship
for the current school year, then code “2” and skip to question 23.
QUESTION 20 to 22: These questions seek to determine the amount of money to be received this current
year under the scholarship, the period over which the scholarship is to be received, and what the benefit
covers. The interviewer should ask for an official document (if any) and copy out the amount, otherwise
ask the respondents for the actual amount. The value of the scholarship for 2015 - 2016 may include one
or two school years. However, the amount to be entered is the value for the current year only. If during the
current school year the person has two scholarships of different amounts, the sum of the amounts received
must be calculated and entered.
The number of years over which the scholarship has been granted should be recorded in question 21 and
the source of the scholarship in question 22.
The organization that granted the scholarship should be given in question 22 by printing the appropriate
code.
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QUESTION 23: This set of questions is intended to determine education expenses for each household
member that was or is in school at any time during the school year in the past 12 months. These expenditures
may be in cash or kind, and include all amounts since the beginning of the academic year 2015 to 2016.
When the individual is unsure of the amount, you should probe and, if possible, ask for an approximate
value and enter in the appropriate COLUMN. In most cases, the authorities of the school will send the
parent/guardian a fee schedule, so you can ask for it and copy out the expenses under each category. But
make sure that this fee schedule is for the whole academic session up to the present time and not for one
school term. The amount should be recorded in absolute value. IF THERE WAS NO EXPENDITURE,
WRITE 0. IF THERE WAS EXPENDITURE BUT THE RESPONDENT DOES NOT KNOW
HOW MUCH, THE INTERVIEWER SHOULD PUT A DASH "-".
Note
Categories A-G: If expenditure for this student can be fully given in the Sections A-G and the
values are known for all of these categories, then the amounts should be recorded in the appropriate
column. If there was no expenditure in any category, then 0 should be entered in that category.
Category H: This category is used in order to report:
i.
ii.
Education expenses that are not one of those identified in categories A-G.
Total of expenditure in SOME of the categories A-G for which the respondent does
have the exact figures.
Category I: This category should be used when the respondent cannot individually identify the
areas of education expenditure. That is, the respondent only knows the expenditure as a lump sum
value. The lump sum value should be placed in category I. A dash should be placed in all the
categories (A-G) that makes up the lump sum value placed in category I. If the individual provides
expenditure in the individual categories, then the aggregate is not necessary.
QUESTIONS 24 to 27: These questions are about REPEATING LEVELS IN PRIMARY AND/OR
SECONDARY SCHOOL and are for persons currently attending school or who have attended
either or both of these school levels in the past.
QUESTION 24: This question sorts those that repeated at the primary and/or secondary level, or did not
repeat at all. If the individual never repeated any school level, then skip to the next section for this person.
QUESTION 25 to 27: These questions collect information on the last level in the list that was repeated
(Question 25); the reason for repeating the level (Question 26); and how many times the level indicated in
Question 25 was repeated (Question 27).
QUESTION 28: DROPPED
After completing this section, all respondents are routed to SECTION 3A
SECTION 3A: LABOUR
In this section, we collect information on the labor activities of men, women and children in the
household. It is important not to confuse labor activities with a person’s main activity. These are not
the same. A person’s main activity may be a housewife or a student, but they may have other labor
activities that should be recorded in this section. For example, a wife who has her own plots or her own
small business should not be excluded from this section, even if she primarily works in domestic
activities. Domestic activities are not included in this section of the questionnaire, but her other
activities would be included, even though she may consider being a housewife her “job”. A child who
is a student may consider themselves to be primarily a student without a job, but they may help their
parents as unpaid family labor with their businesses or agricultural activities. For example, if a child
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works on his parent’s farm or in their carpentry shop, the child’s farming or carpentry activities should
be included, even if the child does not receive payment directly for the work. We are concerned with
labour activities of members in the past 7 days only.
Respondent: This section concerns all household members aged 5 and above. You should confirm
eligibility of the household members to respond to the questions. For children under 12, the parents or adult
member of the household could answer on their behalf. Where some household members are absent,
proceed with the interview for all those present but make the necessary arrangements to call back and
continue the interview with absentee members after ascertaining the appropriate time that they would be
available. If it is not possible to interview the person directly, a proxy response is possible.
Terms and Definition
Some definitions and terminology used in the questionnaire include: Main Occupation: This is the work to which most time is devoted when a respondent has more than one
job. For instance, the main occupation for the past 7 days of a respondent who farms mostly and also goes
fishing during the dry season is farming.
The Last 12 Months: This refers to the period of 12 consecutive months just before and including the
interview day. During the interview, you should be specific. For example, if the interview takes place
on March 10, 2016, then we refer to all the preceding months down to March 9, 2015.
Secondary Occupation: This is the work to which much of the respondent's time is devoted after the main
occupation. In the example given above, fishing would be the secondary occupation of the farmer in the 7
days. However a respondent may have more than one secondary occupation.
Reference Period: The reference periods used in this section are the last seven days and the last twelve
months. When conducting the interview, the interviewer should direct the respondent to consider the seven
days and the last 12 months prior to the day and month of the interview. For example, if the interview is
taking place on a Wednesday, the interviewer should ask the respondent to consider the seven days from
last week Tuesday.
QUESTION 1: This is a filter question to confirm eligibility of the household member to provide
information in this section. Only household members 5 years and older are allowed to answer the rest of
the questions in this section.
QUESTION 2: This question is to confirm whether information is being provided in proxy or by the
household member himself/herself.
QUESTION 3: If response is given by proxy, then the ID of the respondent should be written in this
column.
QUESTIONS 4 – 6c: These questions seek to capture information on the various types of work that each
eligible member of the household was engaged in for the past 7 days. The respondent should answer each
question. While Question 4 asks about engagement in paid work, Question 5 seeks information about
engagement in farming activity owned or rented by a member of the household and Question 6 asks if there
was engagement in own account work or business in enterprise belonging to him or someone in the
household e.g. trader, carpenter, etc. Question 4b, 5b and 6b ask for the number of HOURS worked in each
employment in the last 7 days. For question 5c and 6c, indicate the main use of the product from this
employment by printing the appropriate code. Take note of the skips in question 4, 5, and 6.
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QUESTION 7: Interviewer should check if there is any “Yes” response in Questions 4 or 5 or 6. If there
is a ‘Yes’ response, the interviewer should skip to question 12b. Otherwise, he should continue to Question
8.
QUESTIONS 8: Those who were not engaged in any economic activities (wage/salaried, non-farm
enterprise, and agricultural employment) in the last 7 days should indicate whether they took any steps to
look for job. And for those who did, the interviewer should skip to Q10.
QUESTIONS 9: This question seeks to find out the main reason (constraints to job search) why the
individual did not work (constraints to job search) in the last 7 days. The household members, who did not
look for work in the last 7 days will give the main reason why they did not look for job and the interviewer
should thereafter skip to Q38.
QUESTIONS 10: Those who took steps to look for job should again indicate whether they were available
for work in the last 7 days. For those members who were available for work, the interviewer should skip to
Q38.
QUESTIONS 11: Those who were not available for work should indicate the main reason why they were
not available. The interviewer should then print the appropriate code. Once the reason for the individual’s
non-availability for work has been coded, the interviewer should skip to question 38.
QUESTIONS 12b: This question makes reference to question 4. Everybody who was engaged in any
economic activity in the last 7 days should indicate whether they have ever done any wage/salaried work
for pay in the last 7 days. This question refers strictly to wage/salaried work owned by non-members of the
household including company, or other employers outside of the household. If the response is a no, the
interviewer should skip to Q38.
QUESTIONS 13: Those, who have ever done any wage/salaried work in Q12b, the description of the
primary activity in the main job should be given by the respondent. The interviewer should thereafter code
the activities using the occupation codes provided at the end of this manual.
QUESTIONS 14 - 15: In these questions, we want to know the sector of occupation of the respondent’s
main wage/salaried work described in question 13. The economic activities in the main job, and the
employers should be indicated by the respondents by printing the appropriate sector and employer codes.
QUESTION 15b: This question asks for whether the employment that the member was engaged in is an
apprenticeship job. This is meant to separate paid apprenticeship from unpaid apprenticeship employments.
QUESTION 15c: Here we are interested in capturing the size of the enterprise that the individual is
engaged in as well as learning the person’s knowledge about where he works. The appropriate code should
be written for the number of employees in this enterprise.
QUESTION 15d: We are interested in knowing whether the individual employee is enrolled a pension
scheme for this job. The focus here is this job. The individual might have enrolled in pension plans for
different jobs but we are interested in the job under investigation. The interviewer should probe to ensure
he/she gets the right answer. A “Yes” or “No” answer is required for this question.
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QUESTION 15e: This question seeks to separate contract works or casual works from permanent works.
This asks if the individual has a letter of appointment or agreement for this very job. A letter of appointment
here refers to any written document that qualifies the individual to be an employee of that entity. A “Yes”
or “No” answer is required for this question.
QUESTION 15f: This question is interested in uncovering employer-provided health insurance for the
individual employee, either fully or partially. This is not the same as the individual being personally
enrolled in a health insurance scheme with employer contribution. A “Yes” or “No” answer is required for
this question.
QUESTIONS 16 - 18: The number of months in the last 12 months and the number of weeks during these
months as well as the number of Days in the last 7 days did the employed respondent actually work?. Note
that Q16 requires not more than 12 months. Similarly, question 17 should be less than or equal to 52 weeks,
and
QUESTIONS 19 – 20: DROPPED
QUESTIONS 21: The respondents are required to provide information on the payment they have received.
The first part requires the last payment amount in Naira while the second part seeks the time unit in which
the payment was honoured. If the individual has not yet received the payment, please as for how much
he/she expects to receive.
QUESTION 22: This question seeks to know the major decision maker in terms of the disposition of the
earnings from this main employment. The respondent is to indicate the people in the household who, decide
how the payments received from this employment should be used. Interviewer can ask for up to two people
and write the individual IDs of these members.
QUESTION 23 – 24: Besides regular salary/wage, did the individual employee receive any in-kind
payment or allowance for this employment? If Yes, the interviewer should write code 1 for question 23 and
proceed to question 24 to answer the amount and time unit of payment.
Secondary Occupation: This is the work to which much of the respondent's time is devoted after the main
occupation. In the example given above, fishing would be the secondary occupation of the farmer in the
last 7 days.
QUESTIONS 25 – 37: Details about the status of the respondent’s second job are asked in these questions.
These questions are the same as that of the main job but with reference to the second job for somebody,
who says yes in questions 4, 5 or 6.
QUESTIONS 38: Eligible members of the household are required to confirm whether they contribute to
the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS).
QUESTIONS 38a: This is a filter question to verify whether the individual respondent did collect/ chop
firewood the previous day. A “Yes” or “No” answer is required for this question. A “No” answer skips to
question 39a.
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QUESTIONS 39: The individual is required to state the number of minutes spent during the previous day
of the interview to collect or chop firewood or other fuel materials for the household use. Option codes are
given and the interviewer is supposed to print the appropriate code for the response.
QUESTIONS 39a: This is a filter question to verify whether the individual respondent did collect/ fetched
water the previous day. A “Yes” or “No” answer is required for this question. A “No” answer skips to next
section of the questionnaire.
QUESTIONS 40: The respondent is required to state the number of minutes spent during the previous day
of the interview to collect or fetch water for the household use. Option codes are given and the interviewer
is supposed to print the appropriate code for this question.
QUESTION 41 – 49: These questions are for those household members who did no salaried/wage work
in the last 7 days. If a household member worked in the last 7 days, then a “NO” response to question 41
should skip him/her to the next section.
NOTE: ALL PERSONS THAT WORKED IN THE PAST 7 DAYS (SEE QUESTION 4 IN
SECTION 3A) MUST HAVE WORKED IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS.
QUESTION 41: This is a filter question to know if the individual worked in the last 7 days. For those
households, who did not work in the last 7 days, this question will allow us to proceed to ask them about
their employment in the last 12 months. If there is a ”YES” response in question 12b, then that indicates
that the household member was working in the last 7 days, which automatically means that he/she worked
in the past 12 months and the response to this question should be "YES". If the response is "YES", the
interviewer should skip to the next section. If the response is "NO", the interviewer should continue with
the rest of the questions in this section.
QUESTION 42: Asks about being engaged in paid work (i.e. as an employee) in the last 12 months for
those households, who did no wage/salaried work in the last 7 days.
QUESTION 43: A description of the respondent’s main occupation in the past 12 months should be written
clearly and completely. This description should be written in such a way that there will be no confusion in
identifying the correct occupation code. All occupation codes should be written outside the interview time.
The occupation codes are given in Appendix 1 of this manual.
QUESTION 44: A description of the type of business (or industry), where the respondent did the job
recorded in question 43, should be written clearly and completely. This description should be written in
such a way that there will be no confusion in identifying the correct industry code. All industry codes should
be written outside the interview time. The industry codes are given in Appendix 2 of this manual.
QUESTIONS 45 - 47: These questions are designed to determine how much time the worker spent doing
this main job. The term "employment" includes working in one's own business.
QUESTION 45: The time period is the last 12 months and the question asks, “Of these 12 months, how
many were spent in this job?” This time does not have to be consecutive months but is number of months
in total. For example if the respondent worked all of February, April and June and two weeks in September
then the number of months are 3.5.
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QUESTION 46: The reference period is the months that was spent in this job, i.e. the months that
correspond with the number given in question 45. The value given in this question should be less than or
equal to the value given in question 45 multiplied by 4, except when the value given in question 45 is zero.
QUESTION 47: This is an average value for this job over the past 12 months. A typical work week is
made up of 8 hours per day or a total of 40 hours for the week. The value given can be much more or much
less than this. The maximum could be as much as 80 hours per week or even more - but not too much more.
QUESTION 48: The employer in this main occupation should be identified and the code written as the
response. If the respondent is working in their own business, then the response should be "SELFEMPLOYED".
QUESTION 49: This question has two parts: the amount received and the period that that payment covers.
The interviewer should take care that the amount and time code properly match.
SECTION 4: HEALTH
A key aspect of household welfare is the ability to seek and have access to medical care when required.
This section contains health condition(s), activities of daily living, pre-natal care, immunization and
nutrition.
Respondent: This part should be administered to each member of the household. Parents or guardians
can, however, answer for younger children, while respondent 12 years and older should respond for
themselves.
QUESTIONS 1– 14 REFERENCE PERIOD IS FOUR WEEKS AND
QUESTIONS 15 – 21 REFERENCE PERIOD IS 12 MONTHS.
Several skip instructions were introduced and Interviewer should STRICTHLY FOLLOW THE SKIP
INSTRUCTIONS
GENERAL HEALTH CONDITION
QUESTION 1: This is a filter to know whether the individual consulted any medical practitioner or dentist
or traditional healer in the last 4 weeks. The visit does not have to be because the individual has a health or
dental problem. If the individual responds No, then skip to Question 3, otherwise, continue to question 2.
QUESTION 2: In this question, we are interested in knowing the reason(s) why the individual consulted
a health practitioner list in Q1. The reasons are for all the visits in the past 4 weeks. The question allows
for up to three reasons. If there are more than three reasons, only the three most important ones should be
taken.
QUESTION 3: This question is for all household members, whether or not they consulted any health
practitioner, traditional healer or dentist, etc. in the last 4 weeks. A “Yes” response takes us to the next
question, while a “No” answer, skips to question 13.
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QUESTION 3b: If the individual suffered either injury or illness within the reference period, the
interviewer should probe to get the most serious one from the individual and record the appropriate code.
QUESTION 4: Asks if the illness/injury made household member stop or was unable to undertake his/her
usual activities in question 4 (refer to the injury or illness mentioned in Q3). NOTE: Usual activities refer
to the activities or activity that the respondent spends most of his/her time doing. This could be work on
the job, attending school, doing housework, etc. A “Yes” response continues to Q5, while a “No” answer,
skips to Q6.
QUESTION 5: In asking Question 5, the interviewer should probe to get the number of work or school
(or housework etc.) days missed in the previous four weeks because of the condition given in question 3.
QUESTION 6 – 8: These questions are for those persons, who suffered an illness or injury in the past 4
weeks.
QUESTION 6: This question seeks to find out which category of health practitioner was visited, if any.
The question provides for up to two different categories of health practitioners. If the respondent did not
visit a health practitioner, i.e. code "12", the interviewer should record the code and skip to question13.
"Consult" in this question means to be examined by a Doctor, Medical Assistant, Nurse, Pharmacist,
Midwife, Traditional healer or other health practitioners for diagnosis and/or treatment of the illness or
injury. Explanation of some of the categories of health practitioners is given below:
Traditional Healer refers to one who uses medicinal herbs and plants to treat patients. In some
cases a traditional healer may also use signs, prayers or folk remedies. Traditional healers are
concerned with treating the whole person, focusing on family and social relationships. The
traditional healer's approach is a holistic one, with the mind, body and spirit being regarded as
special elements in the healing process.
A doctor is physician, who examines, diagnoses, and treats patients.
A nurse can be synonymous to a physician assistant, who examines, diagnoses, and treats patients
under the supervision of a physician. A person educated and licensed to practice nursing and one,
who is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health
problems.
Medical assistants are referred here are licensed health care workers, who perform the
administrative and clinical tasks that keep the offices of health practitioners running smoothly.
A midwife is a person; usually a woman but can be a man, who is trained to assist women in
childbirth, i.e. the person serves as an attendant at childbirth but is not a physician.
A pharmacist is a person trained to formulate and dispense drugs or medications. The pharmacist
has formal training through completion of an accredited university program in pharmacology.
Licensure is required upon completion of the program and prior to serving as a pharmacist.
Patent Medicine Vendor (PMV) supplies a large portion of the drugs used by the public in
African countries to treat illnesses. They are similar to pharmacist but with no formal training and
are more like sales people selling medicine to people. They are in fact similar to kiosk medicine
vendors.
A Traditional Birth Attendant (TBA) is one, who assists the mother during childbirth. She may
have acquired skills by delivering babies herself, or through apprenticeship from other TBAs.
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QUESTION 7: This question asks the place where the consultation took place. Provision has been made
for up to two locations. These should be the most or main locations and should match with the
consultation(s) in question 7.
Definitions of some of the locations listed are given below.
Dispensary, Health Centre or Health Post is typically the lowest level of care, or first point of
entry into the health system.
Pharmacy is a retail shop where the predominant product sold is mainly medicine but at times
other articles are sold and a pharmacist is in sight. This does not include kiosks where a pharmacist
is not available. One may have a prescription or ask the pharmacist to prescribe medication.
MCH Post is a Maternal and Child Health post. Main function concerns health status of mother
and children.
Consultant Home refers to medical practitioner’s home.
Faith Base Home is a health facility that is being run by religious body e.g Hamadiyah health
centre, catholic hospital, etc.
Other refers to any other classification not stated above and includes over-the-counter purchases
in kiosks through self-prescription.
QUESTION 8: This is the authority under which the location given in question 7 falls. For example, if the
person consults a doctor in a hospital, the interviewer will need to determine whether it is a federal, state,
or local government hospital, etc. The first and second type of establishment in this question must match
with the first and second place of consultation in question 7.
Definitions of some of the types of establishments are given below.
Federal Govt is a union comprising a number of partially self-governing states united by a central
("federal") government.
State Govt is the self-governing status of the state and is a component of the federal government.
It is the second hierarchy of the government in Nigeria.
Local Govt is the political administration of the smallest subdivisions of a country's territory and
population. It is the third level of the government in Nigeria.
Community based run health facility may be public or private as they are managed by the
community. However, most community run facilities are public institutions.
Religious Body is a facility managed and supported by a church (religious) organisation. The
question does not ask denomination or sect so interviewer must be very careful when probing for
a response.
Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) is said to include a wide range of local organizations
that are recipients of both local and foreign assistance. It is a voluntary non-profit grouping of
individuals with a purpose of enhancing the legitimate economic, social and/or cultural
development of a group of people or an organization e.g. Society for Family Health.
Private refers both to Group Partnership (group of people or entities that come together to open
and manage a health facility jointly) or Individual (sole) – health facility owned by one person.
QUESTION 9: This question refers to the FIRST consultation fee, i.e. the money just to see the doctor
which is usually paid in advance and includes payment made for the card. The amount here does not include
money for drugs, or any medical supplies.
QUESTION 10: The amount in this question refers to only the FIRST consultation, same as in question
9, and is for transportation costs two-ways, i.e. going for the consultation and returning home.
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QUESTION 11 and 12: These questions seek to determine how long it takes to travel to, and see the health
practitioner. Both the travel time (question 11), and the waiting time (question 12), must be given in hours
and minutes.
Note: The waiting time in question 12, is how long it took after the respondent was registered.
Examples of how to record travel and waiting times:
If time taken is less than 60 minutes e.g. 55 minutes, enter 0 in the HOURS column and 55 in
the MINUTE column.
If 1 hr 20 min, then enter 1 under the HOUR column and 20 under the MINUTE column.
QUESTION 13 and 14: These questions are about medicines and drugs purchased over the counter, from
a kiosk or from Patent Medicine Vendors (PMV) in the past 4 weeks. Question 14 asks the total amount
spent. Note that these are purchases of ALL medicines and drugs, not just those related to the consultation
with the health worker. All amounts should be written as a whole number without commas.
QUESTIONS 15-21: Reference period is 12 months preceding date of interview.
QUESTION 15-16: To be Admitted (hospitalised) in a health facility means to stay in a health facility or
centre (hospital, clinic, dispensary, or traditional healing center etc.) for at least a period of one night on the
recommendation of a consulted health practitioner. This does not include healthy people staying or sleeping
in the hospital/premises to attend to sick relatives or a woman who went to deliver a baby. However, a
pregnant woman that was admitted due to illness, should be included. If “Yes” in Question 15 then ask
Question 16 how many nights he/she stayed e.g. if five nights, it should be as recorded as "5".
QUESTION 17: This amount includes all costs incurred due to the admission, excluding consultation fees
and cost of medicines. That is consultation cost and medicines are NOT included in the admission charges.
QUESTION 18: Medicine and medical supplies includes bandages, plaster, medical blade, cotton and any
item used for the purpose of treatment in the last 12 months. If response to Question 18 is “No”, skip to
Question 22A or else ask Question 19 to know the total cost.
QUESTION 20: Ask the respondent for the person, who paid for most of the expenses incurred. This
includes consultation, admission, treatment, purchase of medicine and medical supplies in the last 12
months if any; but if none, that is, you paid yourself, then code appropriately.
QUESTION 21: Ask the respondent apart from what was paid from others how much did you pay yourself
(own pocket) for medical expenses. Note this does not include any medicines or medical supplies or drug
over the counter. Also if all expenses are paid by the respondent then the amount spent by him/her should
be recorded OR ELSE LEAVE SPACE BLANK.
ACTIVITIES AND FUNCTIONING
Developmental disabilities are a diverse group of severe chronic conditions that are due to mental and/or
physical impairments. This question includes both physical and mental disabilities and is meant to
capture conditions, which are permanent. Physical and mental disabilities to be considered here are
those which prevent the person from maintaining a significant activity or schooling. This may be some
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physical impairment of limbs, a physical disease, or mental illness, which renders the person incapable
of pursuing a significant activity.
Note: Someone, who is temporarily disabled due to a broken leg would not be considered disabled
– their impairment is temporary.
Respondent: This part should be administered to each member of the household but parents or
guardians can answer for young children.
Some people have difficulty in doing certain activities. The term “difficulty” has broad applicability.
This term may cover components of quality, quantity, time required and assistance required performing
the tasks or actions mentioned. Persons with very mild limitations are sometimes unsure as to where to
draw the line between a “real difficulty” and normal change associated with aging. However, as the
severity of the difficulty increases, the uncertainty diminishes.
This asks general questions on daily activities. It asks if household member has difficulty in performing
his day to day tasks. Probe and code appropriately.
QUESTIONS 22A - 22D: These are affirmative questions and interviewer is not expected to leave any of
the questions blank (i.e. No skip instruction to be observed). The response is either YES=1 or NO=2 and
you are not expected to record both options.
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is defined as a constellation of behaviors indicating social,
communicative and behavioral impairment or abnormalities. The essential features of ASD are
(a) impaired reciprocal social interactions, (b) delayed or unusual communication styles and (c)
restricted or repetitive behavior patterns. A child is included as a confirmed case of ASD if he
or she displays behaviors as described by a qualified professional. A qualified professional is
defined as an educational, psychological or medical professional with specialized training in
the observation of children with developmental disabilities (e.g. special education teacher,
clinical/developmental/school psychologist, speech/language pathologist, learning specialist,
social worker, developmental pediatrician, child psychiatrist, and pediatric neurologist).
Cerebral Palsy refers to a group of disorders that affect a person's ability to move and to
maintain balance and posture. It is due to a non-progressive brain abnormality, which means
that it does not get worse over time, though the exact symptoms can change over a person's
lifetime. The impairment of motor function may result in paresis, involuntary movement, or in
coordination and does not include motor disorders that are transient, that result from progressive
disease of the brain, or that are due to spinal cord abnormalities/injuries. Children with cerebral
palsy are known by being (a) diagnosed as having cerebral palsy by a qualified physician or (b)
identified by other qualified professionals as having this disability on the basis of physical
findings noted in source records. A qualified professional is defined as a physician, physical
therapist, occupational therapist, nurse practitioner, or physician's assistant, who specializes in
developmental disabilities, neurology, orthopedics or pediatrics. A determination is made by
medical staff that the physical findings are consistent with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy.
Mental Retardation is defined as a condition marked by an intelligence quotient (IQ) of <=70
on the most recently administered psychometric test. In the absence of an IQ score, a written
statement by a psychometrics that a child's intellectual functioning falls within the range for
mental retardation is acceptable. The severity of mental retardation is defined according to some
standards and this question does not ask or require the degree of retardation/illness.
Vision Impairment means that a person's eyesight cannot be corrected to a "normal" level and
is measured visual acuity of 20/70 or worse, with correction, in the better eye. Vision
impairment may be caused by a loss of visual acuity, where the eye does not see objects as
clearly as usual. It may also be caused by a loss of visual field, where the eye cannot see as
wide an area as usual without moving the eyes or turning the head. In the absence of a measured
visual acuity, a child is considered a case if a source record includes (a) a functional description
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by a qualified physician or vision professional, of visual acuity of 20/70 or worse (e.g. light
perception only) or (b) a statement by a qualified physician or vision professional that the child
has low vision or blindness.
Hearing Loss is defined as a measured, bilateral, pure-tone hearing loss at frequencies of 500,
1000 and 2000 hertz; averaging 40 decibels (dB) or more, unaided in the better ear. In the
absence of a measured, bilateral hearing loss, children meet the case definition if their source
records include a description, by a licensed or certified audiologist or qualified physician, of a
hearing loss of 40 dB or more in the better ear.
Intellectual Disability is characterized both by a significantly below-average score on a test of
mental ability or intelligence and by limitations in the ability to function in areas of daily life,
such as communication, self-care, and getting along in social situations and school activities.
Intellectual disability is sometimes referred to as a cognitive disability or mental
retardation. Children with intellectual disability can and do learn new skills, but develop more
slowly than children with average intelligence and adaptive skills. There are different degrees
of intellectual disability, ranging from mild to profound and can be defined by their intelligence
quotient (IQ), or by the types and amount of support they need.
QUESTIONS 23: Ask – does the person have difficulty in doing certain activities – such as, seeing
even with glasses. Three options are provided here, and only one should be chosen. If option 1 is
chosen, then the interviewer should skip to question 37.
NOTE: For babies, the response should be taken as no difficulty unless the disability is so glaring.
If the difficulty started from birth or not up to a year the interviewer should record (0).
QUESTIONS 24-34: DROPPED
QUESTION 35: This question sorts to examine the impact of the vision disability on the amount of
work that the individual can undertake on a daily basis. If the individual has some difficulty, ask if the
difficulty reduces the amount of work he/she can do at home, at work, or at school. Check the options
and select the appropriate one for each of the sub-questions.
QUESTION 36: DROPPED
QUESTION 37 – 39
TREATED BED NETS MODULE
It is recognized that consistent use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITN) decreases the incidence
of clinical malaria and malaria-related deaths, especially in very young children and pregnant women.
Consequently, many countries are now instituting programmes that promote the use of ITNs. There are
various types and brands of mosquito nets. Some require regular treatment with insecticide. Others are
factory-treated and do not require re-treatment for 6 to 12 months (pre-treated) or 36 months (permanent
type).
The information in question 37 requires the individual net information in the household. This seeks to
find out the types of bed nets that household use to sleep yesterday; if the response is NO=4 skip to
Q51.
If the response is YES=1,2, OR 3 you should proceed to the next Question and ask how the informant
obtains the bed net if given for free. – the interviewer should skip to Question 51; but if the bed net was
purchased, the interviewer should ask in Q39 to know the cost. The price should be written in absolute
value.
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NOTE: If the respondent is not sure of the types of bed net the interviewer should probe to get
the correct response, try to observe the net, if possible. All bed nets should be considered,
including the ones used by the little babies.
QUESTION 40 -50: DROPPED
ANTHROPOMETARY
QUESTION 51: This is for the interviewer – check the age of the entire household member from the FLAP
and record 1 for children 0–7 years (0 – 84 months) and 2 for persons aged above 7 years. Note that 0-7
means 0 to one day before the 8th birthday.
Weights and heights of all eligible children under seven in the household will be measured. After, all
the modules for children under 8 must be completed. However,if the child will not be around please
take time to measure the child before the mother or caregiver leave the households.
Measurement of heights and weights will be the responsibility of the supervisor, to be assisted by the
interviewer. Each team will have one set of measuring boards and weighing scales. Therefore, once you
have completed question 51, if you have a child between 0– 84 months in the household, be ready to
start anthropometric measurements. You should call your supervisor to join you in the household,
together with the equipment.
In some cases, the entrance of supervisor to the household may not be possible; in such cases the team
is to measure the child outside.If allowed in, the interviewer may perform the measurements inside the
household, with the assistance of the mother.
Each child will be weighed and measured and the results will be recorded in his/her column. Ensure
that the weight for each child is recorded on the correct column.
Procedures for Weight and Height Measurements and how to Record
Weight Measurement Method
Always explain the weighing procedure to the mother. The child should be weighed completely
nude. Ask for the mother’s authorization and help to undress the child.
Always set the scale on a flat solid surface. If the ground is sand or the scale is unstable for
other reasons, place the scale on a flat piece of wood to ensure proper function.
The digital scale can be used to weigh children in two different ways:
1. Children who can stand on their own can be weighed by stepping on the scale and standing
unsupported.
2. Babies and young children can be weighed in the arms of an assistant or of the mother. This
second way is called, “weighing with adjusted calibration”.
Preparation for the Use of the Scale
1. Remove all packaging material from the underside of the scale.
2. Put the batteries into the scale.
3. Place the scale on a hard and flat surface (board, concrete or solid ground). Soft or irregular surfaces
would cause errors in the weight measure.
4. The scale will not function if it is too hot. It is best to place it in the shade out of direct sunlight. If
the scale becomes overheated, place it in a cooler space and wait for 15 minutes before reusing it.
5. Handle the scale carefully:
Do not drop or let the scale fall.
Do not weigh people over 150 kg.
Do not store the scale in a hot place or expose it to sun for long periods.
Protect the scale from excessive humidity.
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The battery scale has an on/off button in the battery compartment under the machine. Turn it off when
not in use. Remove the batteries from the scale if the scale will not be in use for a long time.
Cleaning
To clean the scale, wipe the surface with a wet cloth. Never immerse the scale in water.
Figure 2- Weighing with Adjusted Calibration
Double weighing also known as “weighing with adjusted calibration”
To weigh a young child, you must first weigh the mother or assistant, tare the scale to zero, and then
weigh the adult and child. The scale will automatically calculate the weight of the child.
To weigh a child with this method you must use the Mother-and-Baby function.
- Ensure that the scale is on.
- Wait until the zeros in the screen stop flashing.
- Have the mother step on to the scale without the child to take her weight.
- Press the Mother-and-Baby key to activate the special tare function.
The display returns to zero and the scale is ready to take the weight of the child.
NOTE: THE PERSON MUST REMAIN STILL WHILE ON THE SCALE.
- Have the mother take the child into her arms. The accurate weight is shown when the numbers in the
display stop blinking (after about three seconds).
The Mother-and-Baby function remains switched on until the Mother-and-Baby key is pressed again or
the scale switches off.
The supervisor reads the measure out loud; the interviewer repeats the measure while it is recorded in
the questionnaire. The assistant double checks the correct recording of the weight measure.
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Weighing with calibration: important notes
The weight of the person, who will hold the baby has to be shown (and immediately
calibrated) before they are given the child to be weighed.
Only the person, whose weight has been tarred can hold the baby to be weighed.
Problems with Digital Scales
What to do if …
1. No weight is displayed when there is someone on the scale
a. Check if the scale is switched on?
b. Check if the batteries are still charged?
2. The scale keeps switching on during transport for example.
a. Ensure that the switch inside the battery compartment is set to OFF when the scale is
not in use.
3. The scale displays a weight, not zero after transportation or installation of new batteries
a. Wait until the scale switches off automatically after 2 minutes. The scale then should
work normally after.
4. The zeros do not appear on the screen before weighing.
a. Start the scale again after it switches off automatically. Ensure there is no weight on
the scale.
5. The zeros appear on the screen.
a. Start the scale again after it switches off automatically. Ensure there is no weight on
the scale.
6. The screen shows a battery image.
a. Battery power is running low .Change the batteries in the coming days.
7. BATT appears in the screen.
a. The batteries are empty. Change the batteries.
8. STOP appears in the screen.
a. Maximum weight of 150kg has been exceeded.
9. TEMP appears in the screen.
a. The temperature for use of the scale is too high or too low to ensure proper function.
Allow 15 minutes for the scale to cool and try again.
10. The screen displays E and a number.
a. Start the scale again after it switches off automatically. Ensure there is no weight on
the scale. If the scale continues to not work, change the scale out with the spare.
Height Measurement Methods
Always explain to the mother the height measurement procedure.
Note that you will need to remove shoes and any hair pieces or braids in order to accurately
measure the child.
HEIGHT OR LENGTH
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Standing height
For children 24 months of age or older
1. Supervisor or Interviewer: Place the board vertically and against a wall, table or other support.
Ensure that the board does not wobble or feel unstable.
2. Supervisor or Interviewer: Ask the mother to take the child’s shoes off and to undo any braids or
hair decorations that could interfere with the height measurement. Ask her to bring the child to the board
and to kneel directly in front of the child in order to maintain eye contact.
3. Interviewer: Kneel on the right hand side of the child and ensure that the child is standing straight
on the board.
4. Supervisors: Kneels on the child’s left (Arrow 3). This allows the measurer to be at the correct
position to adjust and measure the child correctly. If either the assistant or measurer is standing they are
NOT FOLLOWING the proper methods and will not make correct measures.
5. Interviewer: Put the child’s feet flat and joined at the centre and against the back and base of the
board. Put your right hand just over the child’s ankles to ensure that the child does not stand on his/her
toes (Arrow 4); and your left hand on the child’s knees to ensure that the legs are held straight and the
knees are not bent (Arrow 5) and to hold gently against the board. Verify that the child’s legs are straight
and that the heels and the calves are against the board. Inform the measurer when you have finished
positioning the feet and legs and are ready for the measure.
6. Supervisors: Tell the child to look straight ahead towards his/her mother, who should be in front of
him/her. Ensure that the child’s line of vision is parallel to the ground (Arrow 8). Put your open hand
on the child’s chin. Close your hand gradually (Arrow 9). Do not cover the child’s mouth or ears. Ensure
that his/her shoulders are at the same level (Arrow 10), hands on the side and not gripping to the height
board (Arrow 11). Ensure the head, the shoulder blades and the buttocks are against the board (Arrows
12, 13 and 14). With your right hand, lower head piece to the child’s head. Make sure you’re pressing
on the child’s hair gently (Arrow 15).
Questions 51 to 54 should be completed appropriately.
SECTION 4B: CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Respondent: Mother or primary care giver of the child [primary caregiver- someone who has spent
more than 6 months with the child taking core responsibility].
This section is for household members that are between 2 and 18 years of age. During the interview
the Mother or Caregiver should only respond to these items as they related to members of the household,
who are aged between 2 to 18 years.
Introductory Note to the Section: In this section of the interview, we are interested in estimating
the number of children, who may be with developmental disabilities and other difficulties in day
to day interaction; as this information will be vital for helping the government, NGOs and other
stakeholders in planning intervention services for them.
QUESTION 1: This is a filter question to know whether the individual is between the ages of 2 and
18. If the individual is not within this age cohort, skip to the next person, until finally you skip to the
next section of the questionnaire.
QUESTION 2: The ID code of the child's mother or primary care giver of the child in the household
should be recorded here. The interviewer should check the Flap to ensure that the right code is selected.
Ensure that the child, whose information is being sought, DOES NOT answer for him/her-self.
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QUESTION 3: This question seeks to determine if the mother had any concerns about the child’s
development during the first 3 years of life. The areas of concern are listed in the columns under this
main question. A Yes/No answer should be provided for each sub-question. Note that there is no skip
here, so all questions must be answered.
NOTE: The following questions DO NOT make reference to the first 3 years of the child but
rather the current life of the child. In the set of questions that follow, we want to know the states
of the child development now.
QUESTION 4 – 9: These set of questions ask if the child speaks, repeats words, initiates conversation
or communicates using gestures in an understandable manner. A Yes/No response should be provided.
If the child cannot speak, or do any of the listed conditions at all, record 2 and skip to the appropriate
question, otherwise, record 1 and proceed accordingly.
QUESTION 4: This question asks if the child has speech which any other person (not familiar to
him/her) can understand. If the answer is No, skip and go to question 6.
QUESTION 5: Seeks to find if the child’s speech is comparable to that of their peers.
QUESTION 6: This question tries to capture stereotyped and repetitive use of words. The word or
phrase may be meaningful;, however its usage is limited, is repetitive and has the same continuous
intonation.
QUESTION 7: This question tries to capture Echolalia (unsolicited repetition of vocalization made by
another person). The focus is on the repetition of the last thing someone said over and over again.
QUESTION 8: The focus here is on whether the child can pass a message non-verbally, e.g. using
gestures that are listed or any other appropriate, for that setting.
QUESTION 9: This question checks whether a child can initiate a conversation and participate in the
flow of such a conversation. E.g. a child describing to the mother/caregiver what happened during play
time and provides more information when probed.
QUESTION 10-17: Inquires about the child’s facial engagement and imaginative expression,
interaction with other children, interests and behavioral patterns. A Yes/No response should be provided
for each question.
QUESTION 10: The parent/caregiver is asked whether the child is reactive to socially responsive smile
(a smile elicited when a parent smiles at the child, calls them etc.).
QUESTION 11: In this question, the focus is on caregiver’s opinion of the child’s use of gaze while
communicating. Inquire about the use of appropriate, socially modulated gaze when the child speaks to
someone. E.g. ask the parent if his/her child looks directly into their eye as is expected of a child when
they are communicating to an adult.
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QUESTION 12: This question tries to capture the extent to which a child is able to communicate their
emotion using appropriate facial expression. For instance, if they are sad or angry, can the
parent/caregiver tell based on their facial expression? The parent/caregiver can be asked if, first, they
can tell their child’s feeling based on facial expressions and second about the variety of these facial
expressions.
QUESTION 13: Here, the interest is on whether a child is able to play out games with different roles
they have observed and to incorporate objects in such plays in a manner showing they have a good
understanding of the roles different people play or experience on a daily basis. There are two bits into
this: The role playing; and doing it with other children. One could ask the mother if they have seen their
child participate in these role plays.
Using locally relevant examples of these imaginative or pretend plays is important.
QUESTION 14: To elicit whether a child is socially aware of people and things around him/her as
reflected by his/her ability to engage with the people and the environment.
QUESTION 15: This question asks about the child’s participation in joint play with other children.
Ask the mother/caregiver whether the child spends most of his/her time playing with others in children’s
play, where there is turn taking or playing alone. An important differentiation here is playing alongside
others, where the child maybe next to others who are playing but he/she does their own things.
QUESTION 16: Tries to capture if the child has any excessive interest in things children his/her age
would not be that interested in, beyond level of normal curiosity. One could inquire from the parent if
there are thing(s) their child is interested a lot in that his/her peers would not show the same level of
interest
QUESTION 17: Seeks to find if the child has the habit of doing same things over and over again in
similar manner e.g. you can ask the parent if they have observed their child repeating the same behaviour
over and over. The focus is repetitive behaviour with objects that upsets or cause discomfort to the child,
if disrupted.
QUESTION 18: Looks at unusual and/or repetitive movements or posturing using their body parts e.g.
hands, fingers or arms. Specific examples are provided.
Note for Interviewer: The interviewer is encouraged to ask with demonstration to the parent and
answer yes if any one of the given examples is positive.
Note for Trainer: The trainer is encouraged to show videos of these mannerisms to the people
being trained.
QUESTION 19: Here, the question is looking at rigidity and ritualized day-to-day activities. The
parent/caregiver is asked if any sudden or unexpected change in day-to-day routine of their child can
cause extreme upset or discomfort.
QUESTION 20: The question wants to elicit if the child is obsessed with certain knowledge that peers
his/her age would not be obsessed with.
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QUESTION 21: The question wants to elicit if the child is obsessed with doing things that peers his/her
age would not be obsessed with.
QUESTION 22: The focus here is obsession with unusual or odd things.
QUESTION 23: Looks at obsession with toys/objects but specifically whether the child doesn’t want
to use the whole toy/object because they want to focus on parts of the toy/object rather than the whole
toy/object.
QUESTION 24: This question determines if the child shows high or low levels of tolerance to certain
sensory inputs for instance, he/she is able to withstand lots of pain, loud noise or is upset by noise, lights
etc. This should always be in comparison to children their age.
QUESTION 25: This question seeks to look at whether the child is excessively interested in specific
sensory inputs from their environment for instance excessive touching or smelling/ sniffing of objects.
This should always be in comparison to children their age.
SECTION 6: REMITTANCES
This section captures information on income of the household through remittance. A remittance is the
transfer of money by a foreign worker to his or her home country. Remittances contribute to economic
growth and to the livelihoods of people worldwide. Moreover, remittance transfers can also promote
access to financial services for the sender and recipient, thereby increasing financial and social
inclusion.
Reference Period: The reference period for this section is the past 12 months.
Respondent: The respondent are all household members 10 years and older currently living in the
household.
QUESTION 1: This is a filter question to determine whether or not the individual received any
monetary or in-kind gift from abroad, either from friends, relatives, or organizations in the past 12
months. The interview should end for persons that did not receive any monetary (cash) gift or in-kind
(non-cash) gift from abroad in the 12 month period before the interview.
QUESTION 2: Again, this is a filter question directed towards individual access to monetary gift from
outside Nigeria in the past 12 months from sources listed in the above. Persons that received a cash gift
from abroad in the past 12 months should respond with "YES" and provide details about the cash gifts(s)
in questions 3 and 4. If no cash gift was received in the time period, then the response should be "NO"
and the interviewer should skip to question 5 (requires questionnaire correction???).
QUESTION 3: DROPPED
QUESTION 4: This question asks for the total monetary gift that the individual received from abroad
and the currency unit in the past 12 months. It must be noted that some individuals might have received
monetary gifts in Naira as well as in other foreign currencies. The interviewer should help the individual
to convert all into a common currency and the total value written under AMOUNT and the
corresponding unit written under UNIT column. All monetary gifts can for instance be converted into
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Naira, and the unit code 5 written, or converted into any of the listed foreign currency and the
appropriate code printed in the UNIT column.
QUESTION 5: This question focuses only on any in-kind gift received by the individual from abroad
in the last 12 months. The interview should end for persons that did not receive any in-kind (non-cash)
gift from abroad in the 12-month period before the interview. In-kind benefits come in the form of
electronics, automobiles, etc. that the individual received from abroad in the last 12 months.
QUESTION 6: This question requires that the respondent identify the in-kind gift that was received.
This question could have more than one response but only the gift of greatest value should be recorded.
QUESTIONS 7: DROPPPED
QUESTION 8: The interviewer will record the total estimated value of the in-kind gift received by the
individual in the last 12 months, as well as the appropriate currency unit code. For instance, if the
individual received a car at N500000 and a mobile phone valued at N20000, then the total value of inkind gifts received from abroad should be N520000.
QUESTION 9: This is the sender of the gift. This is not necessarily the person giving the gift.
QUESTION 10: Here, we are interested in the main purpose for which the remittance was sent. Note
that this question is for those who received either monetary gift, in-kind gift, or both. The code for the
main reason should be printed in the appropriate column.
NOTE:
THIS IS THE END OF THE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL QUESTIONS
SECTION 6A: BEHAVIOUR
This section captures information on perceptions and behavior of key household members within a
hypothetical context under a given set of constraints.
Respondent: The respondent is the head of the household, spouse or other senior member.
Questions 2 to 10 do not have any real world contexts. This can generate confusions for respondents.
Please repeat the questions if you think the respondents do not understand the question. Please do not
frame questions, add any contexts or give examples. Also please do not explain the purpose of the
questions. The purpose of this section is to find out how the experience of conflicts affects the way
people think and make decisions. However, please do not explain it. Also, please do not explain the
purpose of each question. For example, Question 2 assesses respondent’s patience. But do not use the
word “patience” because some respondents may choose patient options and try to give you an
impression that they are patient.
QUESTION 1: The ID code of the respondent should be recorded here. The interviewer should check
the Flap to ensure that the right code is selected.
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QUESTION 2: Present the respondent with the two options, and ask which one he/she prefers.
Record the chosen option and skip to question 3 if option 1 is selected or question 4 if option 2 is
selected.
QUESTION 3: Present the respondent with the two options, record the chosen option and skip to
question 5 if either option 1 or 2 is selected.
QUESTION 4: Present the respondent with the two options, record the chosen option. No skip here
QUESTION 5: Present the respondent with the two options, record the chosen option and skip to
question 6 if option 1 is selected or question 7 if option 2 is selected.
QUESTION 6: Present the respondent with the two options, record the chosen option and skip to
question 8 if either option 1 or 2 is selected.
QUESTION 8-9: Present the respondent with the two options; record the chosen option.
QUESTION 10-12: Ask the questions as directed and record the chosen option.
SECTION 6B: ATTITUDE
This section captures information on the respondent’s state of mind during the last 7 days.
Respondent: The respondent is the head of the household, or other senior member.
QUESTION 1: Record the number of days over the last 7 days period during which the respondent
experienced each of the listed feelings.
SECTION 9: NON-FARM ENTERPRISES
This section obtains information on Non-Farm income generating activities or enterprises of the
household. We want to identify changes that have taken place since the last post-harvest visit (Second
Wave). For example, is there any enterprise that has stopped functioning, since the last post-harvest
visit? Or is there a new enterprise in the household since that visit? To accomplish this task, it is
important to pre-fill all the nonfarm enterprises existing during the last post-harvest visit into this current
post-harvesting questionnaire, providing the industry code and the original enterprise ID code as
appropriate. There is also the need to update Flap B with new enterprises that are likely to be found in
the household in this current visit.
In the context of this survey, enterprise refers to any trade (in food, clothes or various articles) or
professional activity (like that of a private lawyer, doctor, a carpenter, mason, etc.) offering services for
payment in cash or in kind. This refers to an economic unit producing goods or providing services.
Characteristics of defining a household enterprise are:
A household enterprise is a segment of the economy typically comprised of small-scale producers and
distributors of goods and services; and consisting largely of independent, self-employed producers. It
is an informal-sector business and tends to operate with very little capital; to use a low level of
technology and skills; and to provide low incomes and unstable employment.
Household non-agricultural income-generating enterprises include those that produce or trade goods or
services, including owning a shop or operating a trading business, no matter how small.
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However, post-harvest processing and trading of agricultural crops should not be listed here. Examples
of household enterprises are mat making, brick making or working as a carpenter, firewood selling,
shoe shining, metalwork, tailoring, repair work, food processing, fish marketing, petty trading and so
on.
RESPONDENT: The respondent should be the owner or manager of the enterprise.
QUESTION 1: In question 1, the interviewer will pre-fill Flap B with information from wave 2 postharvest questionnaire indicating respectively, industry code and enterprise ID code. For each pre-filled
enterprise, interviewer will provide information from questions 2 to 29 accordingly. In addition, the
interviewer will list in, new enterprises that are likely to be found in the household, during this current visit
and provide information from questions 2 – 29, appropriately. Once the new enterprise is listed, the
interviewer should provide the sector code using the INDUSTRY CODES provided in Appendix 2 of this
manual.
QUESTION 2: Here, we are interested in knowing whether the listed enterprise in question 1 is an original
enterprise from wave 2 post-harvest or a new one listed in the current interview. If it is a new enterprise,
skip to question 5, otherwise, continue to question 3.
QUESTION 3: This question asks to know whether this enterprise is currently operating or it has closed
down either permanently, temporarily or seasonally. If it is currently operating, write code 1 and skip to
question 5. If the enterprise is seasonally operated, move to next activity or enterprise, otherwise, continue
to question 4.
QUESTION 4: Question 4 seeks to find out the main reason why the income generating activity has
stopped working. If the enterprise has stopped operating, the interviewer should find out why the
enterprise is not operating now. There are 10 options listed from which to pick one.
Question 4a: Asks when the income generating activity stopped operating – list the year and month.
Note the restrictions on the time and year: this should be between March 2013 and May 2016.
QUESTION 5: This question seeks to find out the owner of the enterprise so that needed information
about this very enterprise can be obtained from him/her and also to determine if owners are those who
manage their enterprises. The interviewer should find out who in the household owns the enterprise. There
is provision for a maximum of two persons in case more than one person owns the enterprise. Interviewer
should not enter more than two persons’ ID in Question 5. Use Flap A to obtain the ID of the owner in the
household.
QUESTION 6: Unlike question 5, question 6 wants to know who manages this very enterprise. The
interviewer should find out who manages the enterprise because the owner may leave the enterprise to
another person to manage it for him or her. Like in Question 5, there is a provision for a maximum of two
persons.
QUESTION 7: This question is for enterprises that were operating wave 2 post-harvest as well as those
currently listed. The interviewer should find out if the current manager or owner of the enterprise is the
same person who was managing the business during the last post-harvest interview. Note the options and
the skips. For options 1 and 3, the interviewer should skip to question 9, otherwise, continue to question 8.
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QUESTION 8: If the ownership or management of the enterprise has changed between the last postharvest visit and now, the interviewer should find out, by picking one of the options listed here.
QUESTION 9: The interviewer is required to record the ID of the respondent that is providing the
information about the currently operating enterprise.
QUESTION 10: In this question, we are interested in knowing whether the enterprise has been operational
in the last 12 months or if a new enterprise; and for how many months it has been operating within the past
month. It will also help identify those enterprises that stopped operating for some time in the past and came
back to business again. Again, it will be used to estimate yearly income from the enterprise. The interviewer
should find out how many months the enterprise operated in the last 12 months. Mark “X” in the months
of the years that the enterprise operated.
QUESTION 11: We want to know where the household operates this income generating activity. Ask
about the location of the enterprise from the options provided and record one option.
QUESTION 12: We want to know if the enterprise is registered with any government agency.
Government Agency here includes the Internal Revenue Service, Registrar General, or any Union or
Association acting on behalf of the government.
QUESTION 13: We want to know the household members, who are engaged in this enterprise. The
interviewer should probe to know those who are being paid for engaging in the enterprise and those, who
do not receive payment on the business. For each listed ID, please indicate the numbers of days that the
individual worked in this enterprise per month. Note the restrictions on this question that the total number
of days’ work on an enterprise cannot exceed 31 days. Note also that we have made provisions for PAID
and UNPAID household labour in the income generating activity. Household members can work either as
a paid or unpaid employee, but cannot belong to both.
QUESTION 13a: Record the average number of hours worked per day by an individual in this enterprise.
Note the restrictions here that hours worked per day cannot exceed 18.
QUESTION 14: We want to know the number of employees, who are not household members engaged
in the enterprise, disaggregated by sex (male and female). List the total number of each of male and female
employees in the appropriate column.
QUESTION 15: We want to know the main source of income used to start the enterprise. If more than one
source, mention a maximum of the three main sources from the options listed in order of importance.
QUESTION 16: Seeks to know if the owner of the business tried to get loans from formal sources such as
banks and other financial agencies for the enterprise’s operation in the last12 months. If it is no, skip to
Q18.
QUESTION 17: We are interested in knowing the borrowing capacity of the enterprise and the success at
doing so. In addition, we seek to know if the enterprise eventually got the credit sought for; either from a
bank or other formal financial agencies. We expect a “Yes” or “No” response here.
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QUESTION 18: This question is for those enterprises for which the individual indicated he/she did not try
to secure any loan to finance activities of the business in the last 12 months. We want to further ask if the
respondent used a loan from both formal and informal sources to finance the business operations. A Yes/No
response is required here. If it is “no,” skip to Q21.
QUESTION 19: Seeks to know the source of credit that was used in operating the enterprise within the
last 12 months. Please, select a maximum of two options from the options listed.
QUESTION 20: We want to know how much money was borrowed to finance this enterprise in the last
12 months. For instance if the individual borrowed N35,000, write 35000 under NAIRA.
QUESTION 21: We want to know if the enterprise has any outstanding loans that are being repaid, either
in cash or kind, within the last 12 months. Note that this question is for all enterprises that are currently
operating. If the answer is no, skip to Q23.
QUESTION 22: For those enterprises that have outstanding loans, the interviewer should write down the
amount of loan that has been repaid (include loans in-kind). For example if the loan repaid for this enterprise
is N12,000, write 12000 under NAIRA. Convert in-kind loans into monetary value equivalent and record
and add to other cash loans and record appropriately.
QUESTION 23: We want to know who the buyers of the products or services of this enterprise are. Please,
pick a maximum of two options from the listed options in order of importance. The appropriate code for
each chosen option should be written. If option 8 (other specify) is chosen, please ensure to specify the
other buyer of the product and/or services of this enterprise.
QUESTION 23a: This question seeks to know if the enterprise uses generator, either solely or partially
for its operation. Note that if the business is located in the household’s dwelling and uses generator for both
domestic and business use, this should be considered as a “Yes” in this question. Again, if the business
requires electricity for its operation, then it is possible to also use generator, especially given the frequent
black-outs. If the business doesn’t use generator for its operation, please write 2 and skip to Q24.
QUESTION 23b: We want to know if the generator used to operate the business is owned by the owner
of the business (household member - owned) or it is being rented. Write the appropriate code for whether
the generator used for the business is owned or rented by the owner of the enterprise.
QUESTIONS 24: We want to know the current value of physical capital stock, including all tools,
equipment, buildings, land, vehicles that are used for the business. Note that the emphasis here is using
those physical capital stocks for the enterprise’s operation. If the asset is owned by the household but is not
used for the business, it should not be considered here. Ask the respondent to put value on all these assets
used for the business’ operation and record the sum total in the column given. For example if the assets
used by the owner for the enterprise are car, tools, equipment and machinery and have the following values:
car is N250,000, tools N50,000, equipment and machinery N200,000. Then the total value of physical stock
used for the business should be written N500,000, and therefore 500000 should be written here.
QUESTIONS 25: This question seeks to examine the total variable cost of the enterprise, by putting value
on all inputs used for the enterprise’s operation. Note that inputs used are NOT the same as the physical
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capital stocks listed in question 24. For instance, if the enterprise is a tailoring type, then, inputs will include
tread, pins, clothes, etc. but does not include the sewing machine. Similarly, for a restaurant type of
enterprise, inputs will include the raw food materials, oils, etc. but does not include the cooking pots,
cookers, etc. Ask the respondent to give the total value of all the inputs currently available. The correct
Naira value should then be written.
QUESTIONS 26: We are interested in knowing the total value of finished goods that are ready for sale.
For a tailoring business, this will be sewn clothes. Put value on all those and write the Naira value in the
column provided.
QUESTION 27: This question is used to examine the total revenue of the enterprise in the past one month.
The interviewer should be careful at asking this question since it is not referring to the profit made in the
past one month. For restaurant type enterprises, this is the total sales for the past one month. For tailoring
businesses however, this refers to the money from sale or delivery of sewn clothes, including the cost of
variable inputs given in question 25. If an item has been produced but not sold yet, this should be excluded
in estimating the total sales.
QUESTION 27a: This question is for estimating the net returns of the business in the last one month.
This is also the profit of the enterprise in the past one month. Profit is the difference between sales (total
revenue) and total variable cost. Record the Naira value in the column provided.
QUESTION 28: We want to know the business costs last month in terms of wages & salaries, purchase
of goods for sale (inventory), transport, fuel for generator, maintenance of generator, insurance, rent,
interest payment on loans, raw materials, others. For instance, the amount spent on rent or shop or any
other kind of rent in the course of running the business last month, put the total amount together and
record under rent. With respect to transport, we want to know the money spent on transport in running
the business last month. This may include moving about on business trips; money spent transporting
raw materials and finished products to and from market. Put these expenses under transport together
and record, e.g. 100000.
QUESTION 29: We want the owner or the manager of the business to mention three most important
constraints to non-farm business operations and growth. Use the constraint codes to your right on this
page of the Questionnaire.
QUESTION 30: This question should be answered by all households whether or not they operate nonfarm enterprises. We want the respondent to indicate three primary constraints preventing HH members
from opening a non-farm business. Again, use the constraint codes to your right on this page of the
questionnaire. Print the appropriate codes in the spaces provided.
SECTION 10A: MEALS OUTSIDE THE HOUSEHOLD
This section is designed to capture information on the food that any household member bought that was
prepared outside of the household. If the food was prepared outside the household, whether it was
consumed outside the home or inside the home, it is considered as a meal taken outside the home.
For example, food bought from mama put, bukataria, canteen or any other eatery. This will include all
that was purchased in the joint, when relaxing e.g. having drinks, pepper soup, isiewu and nkwobi, etc.
Note that it is those food items bought outside and consumed within the last seven (7) days that are to
be recorded here.
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NOTE: Reference Period: Past seven (7) days
Respondent: Most knowledgeable adult member of the household.
The interviewer should endeavor to allow the respondent sufficient time to think (recall) what has been
spent on the items.
The prepared meals have been listed with their codes (1 - 9). The interviewer should allow the
respondent to differentiate the time that the meals are consumed so that it can be categorized as follows:
Breakfast – this is food taken in the morning
Lunch – food consumed in the afternoon
Dinner – food eaten in the night
Other items are listed that are not dependent on the time of day.
QUESTION 1: This question captures all items that are purchased and consumed outside the home by
all household members during the past 7 days. Items that were purchased and consumed outside the
home should be indicated using the code, “1”. If the item was not purchased and consumed outside the
home by any household member, then enter code “2” and continue down the list. There should be a
response for all the items before moving to question 2.
QUESTION 2: Give the total value of each item that was purchased by the household outside the
home. The value of the purchase for each item should be the total that was spent by all household
members on that item. If the food was given for free, the estimated value of the food should be entered.
Example:
Mr. and Mrs. Ike live with their three children. Mr. Ike ate lunch at his office on Monday, which cost
N350. On Wednesday Mr. Ike left his office very late and on his way home decided to buy some snacks
and drink at Mr. Bigg’s. The cost of the snacks and drink was N200.
Mr. Ike’s eldest son went out on Thursday evening and decided to buy drink to cool himself. He bought
a bottle of 1759 (big stout) and after that he bought pepper soup – both of these amounted to N1500.
Friday morning Mrs. Ike decided to buy akara (bean cake) and bread for breakfast for the family which
also cost N700. Note that this breakfast was consumed at home, though purchased outside the house.
SECTION 10B: FOOD CONSUMPTION AND EXPENDITURES
This section covers expenditure of the household on various food items purchased and/or consumed in the
past 7 days. A complete list of food items has been given in the section and the household must provide a
response about all items on this list. Note also that food item photo album is provided to help in specifying
the unit for the food items for this section.
Respondent: This is a male/female in the household who is responsible for food preparations or food
purchases made by the household in the past 7 days.
QUESTION 1: Ask for each item if the household consumed any of these food items during the past 7
days. If the respondent answer is “YES” about any item, then code “1” for response of the item.
Otherwise, code “2” should be written as the response and no further questions should be asked for this
item, Ask about all items before moving to Question 2.
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QUESTION 2: Write the total quantity of food item consumed by the household in the last 7 days and
the appropriate unit code. For example, if 3 congo of guinea corn was consumed by the household
within the past 7 days, write “3” under the quantity column and code “07” in unit column.
QUESTION 3 and 4: Out of the total quantity of the food item consumed by the household in question
2, Question 3 asks for the total quantity purchased by the household in the past 7 days. Write the quantity
and enter the unit code as appropriate. E.g. if the household purchased a 4 liter keg of palm oil during
the past seven days and this cost 3000 Naira, then the interviewer must record “4” under quantity and
code “03” under unit; while the price will be recorded under
QUESTION 4 as 3,000. If none of the consumed item was purchased in the past 7 days write “0” under
quantity and leave unit and amount blank: and skip to question 5.
QUESTION 5: Ask from the respondent how much of this [ITEM] consumed came from purchases
made during the past 7 days or before.
NOTE: Interviewer, note that it is possible to purchase an item within the past seven days and
not consume out of the items within the past seven days but if there is a purchase in the past seven
days, the quantity and the price should be captured and written in appropriate columns.
QUESTION 6: This seeks to know out of the items consumed, how much of it came from own
production (own production is where the household has planted and reap crop and/or raise animals).
Write the quantity and code the unit of the items where applicable but if NONE, record “0” in the
quantity and leave unit blank.
QUESTION 7: How much of consumption of this [ITEM] came from gifts and other sources during
the past 7 days?
NOTE: This did not include party food and food taken outside the home.
The OWN PRODUCTION and GIFT items may not necessarily be past seven days but
the quantity consumed from the item is in the past seven days.
Interviewers should take note of the following:
QUESTION 2 must be related to Q5, Q6 and Q7. Thus, the sum of questions 5, 6 and 7
should equal question 2
In case of items in pieces, heaps, etc. show the pictures to the respondent and let them show
you the size they have consumed and use it to record the weight
Record whatever local unit given to you by the respondent
Check the weight list given to you before you record any weight
All liquid content is expected to be in liters or centiliters; if you have it in milliliters, it should
be converted to liters or centiliters. E.g. 500ml is 50cl; 710ml is 71cl;, 325ml is 32.5cl
When you are recording for sachets, tins, packets etc., make sure that the weight is written as
it appears on the content e.g. bournvita 450g, butter 250g, etc. If it is more than one, then you
multiply by the quantity, which means if 2 bournvita was purchased, you will write “900”
under quantity and “02” under unit
When you are reporting in gm, do not add decimal point. (0.900g is different from 900g)
0.900g is incorrect
If any unit of measurement is mentioned apart from the ones in the options, interviewer
should try and find out how many commonly used measurements can be found in it
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Example
A family of six consumes 3 mudu of millet and purchased 5 mudu at the rate of 200 naira per mudu
two days prior to the interview but did not consume out of it. 4milk cups were consumed from the
purchase made in July. Another one mudu was taken from the previous harvest season; and one mudu
and six cups were consumed from the millet grandma sent to them 2 months ago – all these took place
within the last 7 days.
Assuming one mudu contains 10 milk cups.This family consumed 3 tubers of yams (two medium size
and one large size) and ¼ schnapps bottle of palm oil – all the consumption came from purchases
made yesterday. The 3 tubers of yam cost 500 Naira, while the 4 liters of palm oil cost 1500 Naira
How will you complete this respondent, who consumed the following items in the past 7 days?
Items Consumed
Price
Sachet peak powdered = 40 (purchased)
Peak Chocó powdered = 35
1pkt of sugar
= 220 ”
Cowbell powdered
= 450
”
= 130 ”
Peak milk
One medium butter
”
= 200 ”
½ kilogram of meat (gift)
Fuju milk 500ml (gift)
½ bottle of palm oil (schnapps’ bottle) (own production)
Two kilogram one hundred and fifty gm (2 tubers of yam from previous harvest season)
SECTION 10C: AGGREGATE FOOD CONSUMPTION
This section is divided into two parts:
The first part is on food consumption of household members only, which intends to ask how many days
in the past 7 days that the different groups of food items were consumed. This should include
consumption both inside and outside the home.
The second part of the module asks about sharing of meals with persons that are not household members.
The information is collected by age groups (i.e. children between 0 – 5 years, 6 – 15 years, adults
between ages of 16 – 65 years and people over 65 years old) and covers:
•
The total number of days in the past 7 days that food is shared with persons that are not
household members
•
The total number of meals that were shared with these non-household members in the past 7
days
QUESTION 8: This question captures the number of days the particular food group was consumed
both inside and outside the home, by all household members during the past 7 days.
You are to record zero if none of food group items was consumed.
QUESTION 9: Is a leading question that seeks to know if over the past one week (7 days), there were
people not listed as household members (READ LIST FROM HH ROSTER) or ate any meals in the
household. If the respondent answer is “YES,” then code “1” and proceed to questions 9 and 10,
otherwise code “2” and proceed to next section.
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QUESTION 10: Seek to know the total number of days in which any meal was shared with people not
listed as household members in the roster.
QUESTION 11: Seek to know the total number of meals that were shared over the past 7 days within
specified age range of people (such as Children 0- 5 years, 6 – 15 years, adults 16 – 65 years and people
over 65 years old). The interviewer should mention these age cohorts to the respondent and record the
response in the appropriate column.
SECTION 11: NON-FOOD EXPENDITURES
This section relates to general expenditure of the household on non-food items. The section is subdivided into four modules. The grouping is done on the basis of items purchased in the past 7 days, one
month, 6 months, and 12 months. Generally, the household reports on the items purchased and the
amount that was paid.
Respondent:These are persons mainly responsible for household purchases. It might not necessarily
be the person who goes to the market but the one who controls the purchases.
Recall Period: The recall period differs from one module to another
The fist module with item code 101-104 uses a 7-day recall period.
The following instructions pertain to the question pairs: 1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, and 7 and 8.
The interviewer should ask the respondent if the household has purchased any of these items during the
reference period (i.e. the last 7 days, one month etc.). If “Yes,“ ''1'' should be recorded as the response
to this question and the total amount spent on this item written in the Second Question under NAIRA.
If No (''2'') i.e. the household did not spend anything on the particular item during the reference period,
skip to the next item. If there is a response of ''1'' to the first question, then the amount spent must be
stated in the second question. The first question should be asked for all items in the module before
moving to the second question.
QUESTIONS 9, 10 and 11 seek to determine the value of a special group of items that may either have
been purchased or acquired without cost. Question 9 asks if these items were used in the past 12 months. If
the item was used, the respondent will be asked (in Question 10) to provide a value of the items consumed
during the reference period. Question 11, enquires as to the amount spent during the reference period for
the quantities of the listed items purchased by the household.
NOTE: The amount of items should be recorded in absolute value e.g. if it is one thousand five hundred.
It should be written as 1,500. If there is no purchase, the interviewer should record “0” under item and
leave the amount space blank. Let us consider, this example, if an item cost N1,500.40 (One Thousand
Five Hundred Naira, Forty Kobo; then round down to 1500 Naira.
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SECTION 12: FOOD SECURITY
Food security refers to the availability of food and one’s access to it. A household is considered food
secure when its members do not live in hunger or fear of starvation.
Respondent: Female in the household responsible for food preparation and/or food purchases
QUESTION 1: This question concerns the number of days the respondent and/or other members of the
household have to eat less meals, less diverse foods, etc. in the last 7 days. The question stretches from
(a) to (l) and the interviewer is to enter in each of the cases, the number of days. If the household did
not experience any of these in the last 7 days, enter zero. Example if one has to rely on less preferred
food for three days out of the last seven days you enter (3).
QUESTION 2: This question seeks to find out if the members of the household eat 3 square meals in
a day by the different age groups. The interviewer has to find out how many meals including breakfast
are taken by (a) adults and (b) children (6-59 months) per day. Example: if the adults eat three meals a
day in the last 7 days, enter (3) under adults and if the children (6-59 months) eat five times, enter (5)
under (6-59 months).
QUESTION 3: We want to know if adults eat roughly different variety of meals from adults, as well
as measure the incidence of malnutrition in the household. In this question if every member of the
household eats roughly the same diet, the interviewer should enter 1 for “Yes” and skip to question 5,
otherwise, enter “2” and continue.
QUESTION 4: This question is meant to assess the incidence of malnutrition among children in the
household. The interviewer is to find out from the respondent who in the household eats a more diverse
variety of foods among the three groups – men, women and children (6-59 months).This is a rank type
(1 to 3) of question for the different categories of people. If it is the children that eat more diverse variety
of foods you enter (1) and if the women are next you enter (2), finally you enter (3) for men. You should
not repeat codes for the same group of persons.
QUESTION 5: The interviewer should find out if the household has had a situation where there was
not enough food to eat within the past 12 months. If the response to this question is “Yes,” you enter
(1) and continue to question 6, otherwise, enter (2) and move to next Section.
QUESTION 6: Here, we want to know the months of the years 2015 and 2016 that there was not
enough food to feed the household. The months of the year is coded from January (1) February
(2)……..December (12). The interviewer is to enter in the column provided for 2015 and 2016. If it
occurred more than once, enter the codes and separate with a coma in both 2015 and 2016.
QUESTION 7: We are interested in knowing the reasons why there was not enough food for the
household in the months listed in Q6. The possible causes are coded from (1) to (11).You are to list
them according to the order of importance in spaces (a), (b), (c) that is 1 st, 2nd and 3rd. Example if
floods/water logging is the most possible, enter 8 as number one; inadequate household food stocks due
to lack of farm input, enter 4 as number two; and food in the market was very expensive, 5 is entered
as the third.
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SECTION 13: OTHER INCOME
Other household income comes in the form of income from assets/properties owned by the household,
including rental of properties, land (excluding lands rented out for agricultural purposes), buildings,
interest on savings and other financial assets, dividends, etc.) Interviewer should note that other
household incomes DO NOT include regular sources of incomes such as agriculture, wage/salary and
non-farm household enterprises. In this section these questions should be asked to the household head
(or a knowledgeable adult member of the household) for all individuals from fifteen years and above.
Respondent: Household head or other adult with most knowledge about other income sources.
QUESTION 1: This question is restricted to other incomes from financial assets such as savings
interest, returns on shares, dividends or investment in other businesses not run by the household. The
interviewer will like to know if any member of the household received any regular income from the
listed sources in the last 12 months. If yes, enter (1) and continue, otherwise, enter (2) and skip to Q3.
QUESTION 2: Of the listed sources in question 1, we want to know how much total income the
household received in the past 12 months. Thus, we want the Naira earned from savings interest, and
other investment income in the last 12 months. It is to be entered in absolute value in the column for
Naira.
QUESTION 2b: We are interested in knowing who in the household decides how the earnings from
interest on savings, and other investments should be used. The ID code(s) of the person(s) from the
household roster should be recorded in the column provided.
QUESTION 3: This question is restricted to incomes from household rental of properties, such as
buildings, chairs, generators, land (not rented out agricultural lands), etc. The interest here is on incomes
received from renting of properties owned by the household. The interviewer should find out if any
member of the household received any regular income from rental of property in the last 12 months. A
Yes/No response is required. If no, record (2) and skip to question 7.
QUESTION 4: Here, we want to know the type of property the respondent is receiving rental income
from. For any other property not listed, the interviewer should specify the type.
QUESTION 5: We want to know how much in total did the household receive from renting out those
properties listed in question 4 for the past 12 months.
QUESTION 5b: Again, we are interested in knowing who in the household decides how the earnings
from interest on savings and other investments should be used. The ID code(s) of the person(s) from
the household roster should be recorded in the column provided.
QUESTION 6: This question is to find out if any member of the household received regular income
from other sources EXCLUDING those received from INCOME FROM SOURCES COLLECTED IN
PREVIOUS SECTIONS (i.e. REMITTANCES, LABOR INCOME, AGRICULTURAL INCOME,
PROPERTY, SAVINGS, INTEREST, ETC).If Yes, enter (1) and continue with the interview,
otherwise, enter (2) and skip to the next section.
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QUESTION 7: The names of the other sources from which the household received incomes not listed
above should be written here.
QUESTION 8: In this column you are to state all the income the household received from this other
source in Naira.
QUESTION 8b: Here again, we are interested in knowing who in the household decides how the
earnings from interest on savings and other investments should be used. The ID code(s) of the person(s)
from the household roster should be recorded in the column provided.
SECTION 14: SOCIAL SAFETY NETS
Social Safety Nets or “Socioeconomic Safety Nets” are non-contributory transfer programs that seek to
protect the poor or those vulnerable to shocks and poverty from falling below a certain poverty level.
Safety net programs can be provided by the public sector (State and aid donors) or by the private sector
(NGOs, private firms, charities, and informal household transfers). Safety net transfers include:
Cash Transfers
Cash Transfer: These are defined as the provision of assistance in the form of cash to the poor or to
those who face probable risk of falling into poverty in the absence of the transfer. The main objective
of these programs is to increase poor and vulnerable households’ real income.
Food-Based Programs such as supplementary feeding programs and food stamps, vouchers,
and coupons
Food-based safety net programs support adequate consumption and contribute to improving nutrition
and securing livelihoods. They are different from other safety net programs in that they are tied to the
provision of food, either directly or through cash-like instruments (food stamps, coupons) that may be
used to purchase food.
In-Kind Transfers such as school supplies and uniforms
This refers to allowances that are paid to families with children under a certain age. These kinds of
transfers can be in form of subsidies on school uniform or school supplies or children’s goods.
Conditional Cash Transfers
Conditional cash transfers (CCT) programs provide cash payments to poor households that meet certain
behavioral requirements, generally related to children’s health care and education.
Price Subsidies for Food, Electricity, or Public Transport
Subsidies guarantee access to essential commodities at prices that consumers can afford.
Public Works
Public works programs provide unskilled workers with temporary labor-intensive jobs during critical
times. Public works can include road construction and maintenance, maintenance of public spaces and
buildings, irrigation infrastructure, reforestation and soil conservation. The output of such programs is
twofold: jobs of short duration for work to increase income, and creation of public goods in the form of
new or improved infrastructure.
Fee Waivers and Exemptions for Health Care, Schooling and Utilities
The main objective of fee waivers, exemptions and scholarships is to provide the poor with financial
resources to use public services such as education and health facilities. The program enables the poor
access to free health services.
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Safety nets are part of a broader poverty reduction strategy interacting with and working alongside
social insurance; health, education and financial services; the provision of utilities and roads; and other
policies aimed at reducing poverty and managing risk.
The safety net as a whole should provide coverage to three rather different groups:The chronic poor: Even in "good times" these households are poor. They have limited access to income
and the instruments to manage risk, and even small reductions in income can have dire consequences
for them.
The Transient Poor: This group lives near the poverty line, and may fall into poverty when an
individual household or the economy as a whole faces hard times
Those with Special Circumstances: Sub-groups of the population for whom general stability and
prosperity alone will not be sufficient. Their vulnerability may stem from disability, discrimination due
to ethnicity, displacement due to conflict, "social pathologies" of drug and alcohol abuse, domestic
violence, or crime. These groups may need special programs to help them attain a sufficient standard
of well-being.
The main objectives of this section are to identify the various safety net programs available.
Safety nets redistribute income to the poorest and most vulnerable with an immediate impact
on poverty and inequality.
To see how safety net programs have been able to impact positively on the future of households
that they otherwise may have missed, e.g. education, health, income generating opportunities
To what extent have safety net programs succeeded?
Some Definitions:
Supplementary Feeding Programs provide direct transfer of food to target households or individuals.
The food may be prepared and eaten on site (e.g., in child feeding centers or at schools), or given as a
dry ration to take home. Supplementary feeding is often provided as an incentive for participation in
public services such as primary health care (pre and post-natal as well asbaby care) and education. The
most common forms are maternal and child feeding and school feeding.
School Feeding Programs encourage children’s enrolment and improve their ability to pay attention
in class. They vary from the provision of breakfast, lunch or a midmorning snack, to a combination of
these. School feeding programs are often integrated with health and nutrition education, parasite
treatment, health screening, and provision of water and sanitation.
Food for Work (FFW) Programs provides food rations in exchange for a given amount of work done.
FFW programs have long been used to protect households against the decline in purchasing power that
often accompanies seasonal unemployment, drought, and other periodic disruptions.
Emergency Food Distribution includes direct provision of food, supplementary feeding for vulnerable
groups, and therapeutic feeding during crises, emergencies and situations in which people are displaced.
These last-resort programs save lives by preventing malnutrition and morbidity.
Food Stamps, Vouchers and Coupons are near-cash paper tokens targeted to poor households that
they can be used to purchase food at authorized retail locations. Some instruments restrict households
to buying only a few specific foods, while others allow them to purchase any food.
Respondent: This person should preferably be the head of the household. If the head is absent, then a
responsible and knowledgeable adult, preferably the spouse of the household head in the household
should be interviewed. This person should be a member of the household and must be capable of
providing all necessary information.
Other members of the household can help by adding information or details in the questions concerning
themselves.
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QUESTION 1: This question seeks to find out if the household or any member of the household has
been part of any programs in the past 12 months. The interviewer should ask this question for all the
programs listed before proceeding to ask questions 2-5. The response here is either “1” for “yes” or "2”
for “no”. Note also the skip instruction here.
QUESTION 2: The total value of the assistance received from the program is what this question seeks
to find out. There are three forms of assistance listed: cash assistance, food assistance and other/in-kind
assistance. In the food assistance, the amount of food (e.g. 50kg of rice) will be captured thus: 50 will
come under amount and kg will come under unit.
The equivalent amount in cash (Naira) will come under cash value. In other/in-kind assistance, the
equivalent in cash of this assistance is what is captured under cash value.
These are the codes for unit for food assistance:
Kilogram .......... 1
Litre.................. 2
QUESTION 3: Who received this assistance? Is it the entire household or an individual in the
household? The response here is either 1 for entire household or 2 for specific household members.
Note that if the assistance was given to the entire household, the interviewer should skip to Q5.
QUESTION 4: This question identifies the household member(s) that received the assistance. The
roster ID of member is recorded. Provision has been made for up to five household members to be
recorded where applicable.
QUESTION 5: The respondent is asked the last time the house hold received the assistance. The month
and the year (in four digits) are recorded.
SECTION 15A: ECONOMIC SHOCKS
Typically, the word shock is used to describe a surprisingly intense emotional or psychological reaction
to information or an occurrence which may take its toll on the individual or household. Shock may be
an event or happening or a factor that affect the individual or the entire household negatively,
economically. The death of the bread winner in a household may have a negative impact economically
on the household. Thus, this section seeks to capture events that may have affected the household over
the last three years (since 2014).
Respondent: This person should preferably be the head of the household. If the head is absent, then a
responsible and knowledgeable adult, preferably the spouse of the household head in the household
should be interviewed. This person should be a member of the household and must be capable of
providing all necessary information.
QUESTION 1: This question seeks to capture whether the household has been affected by any of the
shocks since 2014. All the shock options in this question are asked and responses taken before going to
answer questions 2– 5 for each “Yes” response. The response here is either “1” for “yes” or “2” for
“no”.
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QUESTION 2: Over the years 2014 – 2016, we want to know how many times the event has happened.
For instance, if the household experienced the non-farm, theft of crops, cash, livestock or other property
2 times in 2014, 3 times in 2015 and 2 times in 2016, then the total to be entered in question 2 of shock
code 9 should be “7”.
QUESTION 3: Here we want to know which years the event occurred. For the example given in
question 2, the interviewer should mark 2014, 2015, and 2016 with an X since the event occurred in all
these years.
QUESTION 4: For the number of shocks that has occurred since 2014, ask the respondent to rank the
most significant shock the household has experienced in terms of most severe (1), more severe (2) and
Severe (3).
QUESTION5: Here we are interested in knowing which household social and economic activities were
mostly affected by the shock. Ask the respondent to mention which aspects of the household were
mostly affected by the shock and record up to 4 impacts. Use the codes to the extreme right of this page
of the questionnaire.
QUESTION6: This question intends to identify which members of the household were affected by the
shock most. Using Flap A of the household roster, record the ID(s) of household member(s) mostly
affected by the event, separated by comma for more than one member. Where the shock affected the
entire household, record “98”.
SECTION 15B: DEATHS
Death is the termination of the biological functions that sustain a living person. The word refers to the
cessation of life of person or persons in the household. Phenomena which commonly bring about death
include, malnutrition, accidents resulting in terminal injury, and diseases. Note that this section
concerns persons who were members of the household in the last 12 months, but are deceased.
Respondent: This person should preferably be the head of the household. If the head is absent, then a
responsible and knowledgeable adult, preferably the spouse of the household head in the household
should be interviewed. This person should be a member of the household and must be capable of
providing all necessary information.
Other members of the household can help by adding information or details in the questions concerning
themselves.
QUESTION 1: This is a filter question that seeks to find out if any member of the household died in
the last 12 months. The response expected here is “1” for “yes” or “2” for “no”. If the response is 2, the
interview for this section ends and the interviewer should skip to the next section, otherwise, continues
with the interview for this section.
QUESTION 2: The name of the deceased is requested for here if the response in question one is "YES".
This is important to ensure that the person listed here as deceased was actually a member of this
household before the demise in the last 12 months.
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QUESTION 3: We are interested in the sex of the deceased household member – code “1” for male
and “2” for female.
QUESTION 4: This question will be used to estimate life expectancy among panel households. Thus,
the age in completed years of the person when he died should be written out clearly. Note that we are
interested in the last 12 months. What was the age of the person when he/she died? E.g. 50
QUESTION 5: The date of death is asked in this question. This date is captured in double digits for
day, month, and year e.g. 020810.
QUESTION 6: This question seeks to know the cause of death? There are five options to pick from.
Only one option is allowed.
SECTION 15C: CONFLICT
In this section, we collect information on any violent event that members of the household have
experienced directly or indirectly. We are interested in the occurrence to all the events that are related
to a situation of conflict, violence and insecurity that may impact on the household. Our definition of
violent event include death, physical aggression, injury, sexual aggression, being forced to work,
kidnapping, robbery, displacement and dwelling, land and asset robbery or destruction. We also collect
information on who was the perpetrator of the violence, which was the cause/reason of the violent event,
and which have been the effects of the violent event on the household.
We are interested in collecting information over a long period of time, starting from 2010. Since we
expect these events to be few, it is extremely important that they are precisely recorded as for the time
of occurrence.
Respondent: This person should preferably be the head of the household. If the head is absent, then a
responsible and knowledgeable adult, preferably the spouse of the household head in the household
should be interviewed. This person should be a member of the household and must be capable of
providing all necessary information.
QUESTION 1: This question seeks to capture information on the various types of violent events that the
household may have experienced. Ask to recall an event in 2010. This will help the respondent to answer
to the questions. Ask if the household has been affected by any of the listed violent events since 2010.
Go through the list and record “1” next to each event for which the response is “YES” and “2” next to
events for which the response is “NO”.
QUESTION 2: Ask how many times each violent event has occurred since 2010. If it never occurred,
write “0”.
QUESTION 3a – 8b: With these sets of questions, we want to know in which year the events occurred
and who the perpetrator was. Member refers to family member. For each event, ask if the violent event
occurred in the years 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015/2016. A “NO” answer in a column “a” (the
column of a year) skip to another column “a” (the column of another year). For a “YES” answer in a column
“a”, go to the next question for that event and ask for the perpetrator of the event. Enter correct perpetrator
code. If one event occurred more than once, when asking for the perpetrator, refer to the worst event.
For instance, if the family dwelling suffered from robbery, when indicating the perpetrator, ask for who
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the perpetrator of the robbery was during which more value was stolen. In case of death, report the
perpetrator of the last event for that year. For example, if there were two members killed, report the
perpetrator of the second killing (the most recent one).
Fill questions 3a – 8b, for each event. Next, go to the following event. For instance, start from event 1
(any family member killed) and ask all questions until 8b. Then, move to event 2 (any member suffered
from physical aggression) and start again from 3a until question 8b.
QUESTION 9: From this question on, we focus on the most recent happening for each type of violent
event. Start from event (1) and go through Q9 to question Q17. Then move to event (2) and so on, for
all events (1-12).
For any violent event, ask for the year and month of the most recent happening of the event. Check that
the year of the event referred as the most recent one corresponds to the responses in Questions 3a to 8b
above. For example, if event occurred in 2014 but not in 2015/16, year in Q9 is 2014 and all the question
Q10-Q17 will refer to the event in 2014.
QUESTION 10: Ask for the location of the most recent event. Enter the correct code.
QUESTION 11: Ask for the gender of the person affected by the most recent event. If more than one
event for the person, report the gender of the person most strongly affected by the violent event. If event
is death, indicate the gender of the youngest. This question does not apply to events 9-10-11-12.
QUESTION 12: Ask for the most important cause of the most recent event. Enter the appropriate code.
QUESTION 13: Ask for the most important consequences of the most recent event. Enter up to 2
consequences using appropriate codes. Record them in order of importance for the family: report in
column 1st, the most important and in 2nd, the other one.
QUESTION 14: Determine if any household member contacted anyone to report the event (YES/NO).
QUESTION 15: Ask who the event was reported to. Use the appropriate code. “Report” means making
any action (official, unofficial, formal or informal) to make others aware of the happening of the event.
QUESTION 16: Ask if the household received any assistance following the most recent event. By
assistance, we refer to any type of help including providing food, money or psychological support.
QUESTION 17: Determine who provided this assistance. Provide up to 2 of the most important sources
of this assistance. Record them in order of importance for the family: report in column 1st, the most
important and in 2nd, the other one.
CONTACT INFORMATION
This section of the Household Questionnaire is very important to the Panel Survey. By virtue of the
Panel Survey, it is required that any respondent that has moved away from the former residence must
be tracked or followed up as a matter of necessity. Therefore, the interviewers should obtain the Head
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of household contact information as requested in the questionnaire, such as phone numbers, address,
and phone numbers of some reference persons.
QUESTION 1: The interviewer should obtain from the head of household, his or her mobile phone
number, or landline/cell phone or both. This would be useful to track him if there is need to do so in
subsequent years.
QUESTIONS 2A - 2C: The interviewer should go a step further to obtain the same information as
above from at most three members of the household. Other information needed is the person’s name,
ID from the household roster and telephone number as requested in the questionnaire. Having collected
contact information on the household members, the interviewer would ask the head of household to
provide two reference persons who can help to trace him (Head of household) if the need arises.
QUESTIONS 3A1 - 3A5: We need the following contact information about the two reference persons:
name, relationship to the head of household, telephone number and contact address. Note that one of
the two reference persons must be living in the same village or town with the head of the household as
requested in the questionnaire. The second of the two reference persons must be a contact that lives
outside the village or town of the head of household. The essence of the reference person’s information
is that this can be used to track the head of household, if he moves away in the near future to another
place unknown to the interviewers. These reference persons should know the household and its
members very well to be able to provide information about the household in the future.
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Illustrations
Example 1
Phone Number for Household Head:
Landline
Cell phone
1A Name: Mr John Opara
01-2647288
0802 4441613
Phone
Phone Numbers for other household members
2A Name:
Mrs Mary Opara
ID (From Roster)
2B Name:
Mr Peter Opara
ID (From Roster)
4,
Phone - 0803 777 9010
ID (From Roster)
6,
Phone - 0703 555 5553
2C Name:
Miss Rita Opara
2,
Phone - 0802 555 5556
Example 2
Phone Number for Household Head:
1A Name: Mr John Opara
Phone
Landline
Cell phone
-
-
Phone Numbers for other household members
2A Name:
Mrs Mary Opara
ID (From Roster)
2B Name:
Mr Peter Opara
ID (From Roster)
4,
Phone - 0813 444 4444
ID (From Roster)
6,
Phone – 0703 555 5555
2C Name:
Miss Rita Opara
2,
Phone - 0909 999 9999
Head of Household’s Address:
Plot 340, Independence Avenue, Central Business District, Garki, Abuja.
This address is compulsory because neither the head of household nor any member of his
household has a Mobile or Landline telephone. The only alternative available is to collect the
correct address of the head of the household.
We expect that the address is detailed enough including to the nearest bus stop (especially in urban
areas) to facilitate easy location of the household.
QUESTION 4: We want the interviewer to write his/her contact details (name and phone number) on
the contact information sheet of all households he/she interviews. This is important to help in locating
the household in the future. For instance in case we have to track the household in the future, the tracking
team will call the interviewer for direction if they experience difficulty locating the household.
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Chapter 5: The Agricultural Questionnaire
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this section is to collect data on the household’s agricultural activities to link with nonagricultural activities for household welfare. Information on livestock was collected in the post-planting
visit and will not be collected in the post-harvest visit.
Agriculture is the system of cultivating soil for production of crops, horticulture, livestock/poultry, fishing,
forestry and in varying degrees. The agricultural outputs and marketing of the agricultural products are also
covered in this survey. Agriculture plays a vital role in many developing countries like Nigeria and therefore
it is very important that this section is to be accurately administered.
Respondent: Respondent is the head of the household or the person best informed about the agricultural
activities of the household. In some parts, the individual holders identified in the household can be invited
to give the answers.
Spanner Head: Contains a statement of intention to be communicated to the respondent by the
Interviewer. This is to assist the Interviewer to follow the sequence of the interview and to get his or
her mind prepared on the next issue to be addressed. Note that it is important for every interviewer to
take note of the content of all spanner heads in this questionnaire.
Note: Interviewer must ensure that the answer to a particular question is appropriately recorded before
acting on the skip instruction.
THE PRE- FILLING ASPECTS:
In the training venue, the sections of the questionnaires to be pre-filled were listed as follows:
Table 1: ASPECTS TO BE PRE-FILLED IN AGRICULTURE QUESTIONNAIRE
SECTION
QUESTION NO.
AGRICULTURE
QUESTIONNAIR
E
COVER PAGE – HOUSEHOLD IDENTIFICATION
FLAP C – PLOT ROSTER
Q1, Q1b, Q2
FLAP D – PLOT-CROP ROSTER
PLOT ID, CROP ID, Q1,
Q2
FLAP E – CROP ROSTER
Q1, Q2
PRE-FILLING PROCEDURE:
The method of pre-filling should be done according to instructions listed below:
The writing must be in either Blue or Black Biro.
No questionnaire should be moved out of training venue.
The Cover Page of Agriculture Questionnaires should be pre-filled by copying from
household pre-filling sheet.
QUESTIONNAIRE _ OF _ TOTAL: This aspect should NOT be pre-filled. Leave it blank.
Flap C, questions 1, 1b and 2 should be pre-filled from the agricultural pre-filling sheets.
Flap D, questions 1 and 2 only should be pre-filled using the agriculture pre-filling sheets.
Questions 3 and 4 will be answered during the interview.
Flap E, questions 1 and 2 should be pre-filled using the agriculture pre-filling sheets.
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COVER PAGE
SECTION A-1: HOUSEHOLD IDENTIFICATION is the cover page of the Questionnaire. This
cover page contains the same identification which corresponds to Household Questionnaire cover page.
Copy to this Agriculture Post – Harvest questionnaire cover page accordingly.
QUESTIONNAIRE _ OF _ TOTAL: This is to give the total number of questionnaires used per
household in serial arrangement when it is more than one. For example, if three questionnaires were
used in a farming household, complete QUESTIONNAIRE _ OF _ TOTAL as QUESTIONNAIRE
1_ OF 3 _ TOTAL, QUESTIONNAIRE 2_ OF 3_ TOTAL and QUESTIONNAIRE 3_ OF 3_ TOTAL,
the numbering must start from household questionnaire. For example, if a household used two
Household questionnaires and one Agricultural questionnaire, then the response in the Agriculture
cover sheet would be “3 of 3 TOTAL”.
QUESTIONS 12, 13 & 14: SECTIONS MISSING/INCOMPLETE AFTER 1ST/2ND/3RDINTERVIEW
– During the 1ST/2ND/3RDinterview, if the section(s) missing and/or incomplete was discovered, tick the
most appropriate option from the list of sections provided. Multiple selections are possible. Otherwise,
leave blank for none missing and/or incomplete section after the interview.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE INTERVIEW: Interviewer should complete this space provided for
comment or critical issue observed during the interview in the household. Such pieces of information
will be helpful to the supervisor, monitors and analyst of this questionnaire. Otherwise, leave blank if
there is no important issue noticed after the interview. Read and Pay special attention to the instruction
in upper case before writing any important observation.
SECTION A1: LAND
The section on land lists all plots, which are owned or cultivated by the household. It collects
information on plot size (both farmer estimated and GPS measurement), ownership, management,
acquisition and use. The skip pattern is somewhat complicated with many questions only relevant for
newly listed plots (and already collected for plots found in the Post-Planting visit). The most important
aspect of this section is the plot measurement. Plots that were not measured in the post-planting phase
MUST be measured in this visit unless they are out of the LGA. The pre-filling sheet will indicate which
plots were not measured or incorrectly measured in post-planting.
RESPONDENT: Farmer, owner or manager of plot. Every effort should be made to interview the
manager of the plot.
FLAP ROSTER: This flap is located on page 24 of the questionnaire and should be folded out when
starting Section A1. The flap lists all PLOTS cultivated or owned by the household and includes the
name and description of each plot, whether the plot was measured in the post-planting visit, and who
manages the plot.
USE OF FLAP C: Start the interview using the agriculture questionnaire, open FLAP-C to the left of
the questionnaire.
All plots captured in the previous visit should have had their information pre-filled in Flap C. Before
proceeding to question 3 in section A1, the interviewer should list the plots listed in the previous visit
to the respondent and then must ask the respondent if there are any new plots obtained since the last
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interview. New plots should then be listed starting on the first available line after the visit 1 plots. IF
THERE ARE MORE THAN 10 PLOTS, AN ADDITIONAL AGRICULTURAL
QUESTIONNAIRE MUST BE USED FOR THE ADDITIONAL PLOTS. IT IS NEVER
ACCEPTABLE TO EXCLUDE A PLOT IF THERE IS NO MORE SPACE ON THE
QUESTIONNAIRE.
QUESTION 1: This question should cover all plots operated in the household since the last interview;
and add the new plots operated.
Pay special attention to the instruction in upper case before writing any response.
NOTE:
PLOT NAME: The local name that was given to the location where the plot could be found is
needed here.
DESCRIPTION: To give useful information about how the plot can be located.
QUESTION 1b: Indicate whether the plot was measured using GPS in the previous visit. This
information will be provided on the pre-filling sheets and should be filled before proceeding to the field.
For new plots, the response should be recorded as 2 (“No”).
QUESTION 2: This question asks for the person who manages each plot in the household. For plots
found in the post-planting visit, the manager ID will be pre-filled as reported in the previous visit. For
new plots, the manager ID must be copied from HOUSEHOLD ROSTER to the column provided.
Make special note of the instruction: The respondent for this section and all plot level sections
should be the manager of the plot.
QUESTION 3: Indicate whether the plot is newly added in this visit. It is very important that this
question is answered correctly since it will determine which questions are asked for this plot. SKIP
INSTRUCTION: Where the response is “yes”, move to question 8 on the same row. Otherwise,
continue to question 4.
QUESTION 4: Ask if anyone in the household still owns or cultivates each plot listed. If the plot is no
longer owned or cultivated by someone in the household, we will want to know how it was disposed of.
If the response is “no”, move to question 5. Otherwise, continue to question 4b.
QUESTION 4b: Refer to question 1a on Flap C for the response to this question. This question will
again indicate whether the plot was measured in the post-planting visit. If it was not measured, every
effort should be made in this visit to measure the plot.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is “yes”, skip to question 23. If the response is “no”, then the
plot should be measured using the GPS unit. The GPS information (area and coordinates) should be
recorded in Questions 9 and 10. You do not need to ask the respondent for the estimated area of
the plot. Only the GPS measurement is required for post-planting plots that were not measured
in that visit.
QUESTION 5: In question 5, we seek to know how a plot that is no longer owned or cultivated by the
household was disposed of. Ask the respondent and record the most appropriate option from the coded
list. If the response does not correspond to a coded option, record 8 (other specify) and also, clearly
write the specification. SKIP INSTRUCTION: If any of options 1 to 5 is taken, skip to question 7.
Otherwise, continue to question 6.
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QUESTION 6: This question is only asked for plots that have been sold since the last visit (responded
6, 7, or 8 in question 5). Ask for the total amount of money received for sale of the plot including
estimated value from in-kind payments. Record the total value in Naira. SKIP INSTRUCTION: After
recording a response here, move to the next plot. This section in finished for this plot.
QUESTION 7: If the response is any of options 1-5 in question 5, find out the major reason for getting
rid of this PLOT. Select the most appropriate option from the list given. If other specify is chosen
(option 10), record the specification.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: After recording the response here, skip to the next plot in the plot roster.
QUESTION 8: Record the ID of the person responding to this section from the household roster (Flap
A in the household module).
NOTE: The respondent for each plot should ideally be the manager of the plot.
QUESTION 9: This question seeks for the cultivated area of PLOT in number and local unit of measure
from the farmer’s recall as well as area measured by the use of Global Positioning System (GPS). Ask
the respondent what the area of the plot is. Record the Unit and Number given by the respondent. BE
CAREFUL TO ENTER THE AMOUNT APPROPRIATELY; PAYING SPECIAL
ATTENTION TO THE DECIMAL POINT PROVIDED IN THE RESPONSE AREA. DO NOT
LEAVE SPACES TO THE RIGHT OF THE DECIMAL BLANK (FILL WITH ZEROES INSTEAD)
For example, if the farmer responds that the plot is about 1 and a half acres; record 1.50 under Number
and 5, under Unit.
After completing the interview, ask the respondent to accompany you to the plot and measure the area
using the GPS device provided. Record GPS measurement in Square Meters in the column labeled
“GPS MEASURED IN SQ. METER”. BE CAREFUL TO ENTER THE AMOUNT
APPROPRIATELY PAYING SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE DECIMAL PROVIDED IN
THE RESPONSE AREA. DO NOT LEAVE SPACES TO THE RIGHT OF THE DECIMAL BLANK
(FILL WITH ZEROES INSTEAD). For example, 2600.5 sq. meters should be written as 2600.50in the
space provided.
ALL PLOTS SHOULD BE MEASURED USING GPS. The only exception is plots that are out of the
LGA. Some respondents will be resistant to accompany you to the plot, but you should make every
effort to convince them.
QUESTION 10: Use GPS to get the Coordinates from the center point of the PLOT.
For example, you measure plot 1 in household 150012 and find the GPS coordinates indicated by the
device are N 070 25.567; E0040 12.294..The coordinates should be provided in the appropriate boxes.
BE SURE TO ENTER LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE IN THE CORRECT COLUMNS. TAKE
NOTE OF THE “N” AND “E” TO ENSURE THIS IS DONE PROPERLY. The PLOT LABEL is
15001201, which is a combination of Household ID (150012) and PLOT ID (01).
The recording is as follows:
LATITUDE (North)
LONGITUDE (East)
PLOT LABEL
07025.567
04012.294
15001201
NOTE: PLOT LABEL: Is a combination of questionnaire household ID (HHID) and Plot ID.
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QUESTION 10a: Record whether this plot was measured with GPS. If the plot was measured, skip to
Question 10c. Otherwise, proceed to Question 10b.
QUESTION 10b: If the answer to question 10a is “no”, record a response for why there was no GPS
measurement. If code 5 is chosen, provide the specification.
QUESTION 10c: Record any indication if this is a new plot in this visit. The answer to this question
should correspond to Question 3. While this question may seem repetitive, it is necessary to ensure the
appropriate questions are asked for new plots and not repeated for old plots.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is “yes”, proceed to Question 11. If “no”, skip to Question 23.
QUESTIONS 11-22 SHOULD ONLY BE ASKED FOR PLOTS ADDED IN THIS VISIT.
QUESTION 11: Ask for the person(s) that manages each PLOT. The individual ID of the manager(s)
must be taken from HOUSEHOLD ROSTER. At least one manager must be recorded, though up to two
mangers may be provided.
Pay special attention to the instruction (in upper case) before writing any response.
QUESTION 12: Find out how the new plot was acquired. Then pick the most appropriate option that
matches the response given. SKIP INSTRUCTIONS: If the response is option 1, continue to question
13. If the response is option 2 move to question 19.If the response is option either 3 or 4 move to
question 21. If the response is option 5 move to question 15.
QUESTION 13: If option 1 was selected in Question 12, ask for total amount paid for this PLOT,
including estimated value of payments made in-kind. Record the amount in Naira.
QUESTION 14: Ask for the person who owns this PLOT in the household. The owner ID must be
copied from HOUSEHOLD ROSTER to the columns provided. A maximum of two persons’ ID s are
needed.
QUESTION 15: Ask whether the respondent has the right to sell this PLOT. If the response is “yes”,
record 1 and write 2 for “No”.
QUESTION 16: Find out whether the respondent has the right to use this PLOT as collateral for a
loan. If the response is “yes”, record 1 and 2 for “No”.
QUESTION 17: Find out whether any other member of the household has right to sell this PLOT
or use it as collateral. SKIP INSTRUCTION: Move to Question 21 if the response is “No”. Otherwise,
continue to Question 18.
QUESTION 18: If the respondent indicated in Question 17 that there were other members of the
household who could sell or use a plot as collateral, ask here who the other members are. A maximum
of three (3) persons’ IDs from HOUSEHOLD ROSTER are needed.
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SKIP INSTRUCTION: After recording the response, skip to Question 21.
QUESTION 19: Ask for the total amount paid IN CASH for renting this [PLOT] since the beginning
of the planting season. Record the amount in Naira.
QUESTION 20: Ask for the total value of IN-KIND payments made for renting this [PLOT] since the
beginning of the planting season. Estimate the in-kind payment in Naira only.
QUESTION 21: Ask if there are any other members of the household, who cultivate crops or are the
primary decision makers on this PLOT. These are persons NOT listed as managers in previous
questions. SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is “yes”, continue to Question 22. If the response is
“no”, skip to the next plot in the roster.
QUESTION 22: If response is “yes” in question 21, ask the respondent to specify the other decision
maker(s) on this PLOT. THESE SHOULD NOT BE PERSONS PREVIOUSLY REPORTED AS
MANAGERS. A maximum of four (4) persons’ ID from HOUSEHOLD ROSTER is needed.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: After recording the response(s), skip to the next plot in the roster.
QUESTIONS 23 – 25 SHOULD ONLY BE ANSWERED FOR PLOTS RECORDED IN THE
PREVIOUS VISIT.
QUESTION 23: In this question, we seek to know whether the manager of the plot has changed FROM
THE PREVIOUS VISIT (THE ID RECORDED IN Q2). SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is
“yes”, continue to Question 24. If the response is “no”, skip to the next plot in the roster.
QUESTION 24: If the response is “yes” in question 23, ask who is (are) the current manager(s) of this
PLOT. A maximum of three (3) persons’ ID from HOUSEHOLD ROSTER are needed. BE SURE
THAT THE MANAGERS ARE LISTED IN ORDER OF THEIR MANAGERIAL
RESPONSIBILITIES.
QUESTION 25: If the response is “yes” in question 23 (the manger has changed), ask what the main
reason why the manager has changed for this PLOT. Select the response from the given list of options.
If option 7 is taken, write the response and code 7 and clearly record the specification.
SECTION A2: LABOUR
This section collects information on labour used on each plot since planting. While this includes all
activities since planting was completed, the activities are separated into two separate categories: (1)
those after planting but before harvest (Questions 1 – 13) and (2) those during and after harvest
(Questions 14 – 26). Information on household, hired, and exchange (free) labour are collected. Hired
labour is separated into three categories based on sex and age: (1) male adults, (2) female adults and (3)
children (under the age of 15).
NOTE: THIS SECTION (AND SECTIONS 11C2, 11D, AND A3.i) SHOULD ONLY BE ASKED
FOR PLOTS THAT WERE CULTIVATED BY THE HOUSEHOLD IN THE RAINY SEASON. For
uncultivated plots, leave the line for the plot blank for this and the following sections. BE SURE THE
PLOT ID CORRESPONDS TO THE PLOT ROSTER (Flap C).
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QUESTIONS 1a – 13 REFER TO ACTIVITIES FOLLOWING PLANTING BUT PRIOR TO
HARVEST. THIS INCLUDES ACTIVTIES SUCH AS WEEDING, RIDGING, FERTILIZING,
SPREAD OF PESTICIDES/HERBICIDES, ETC.
QUESTION 1a: This question intends to find out the total number of household members who worked
on the given plot. Note that this question asks for the TOTAL number of household members who
worked on plot between planting and harvesting.
QUESTION 1: This question asks detailed information on members of the household that work on
each plot performing activities after planting and before harvest. For each member that worked on the
plot, 4 distinct questions must be asked:
1. Record the individual ID of the relevant member
2. How many weeks this member worked on the plot between planting and harvest
3. How many days per week this member worked on the plot between planting and harvest
a. Since this is days per week, the response cannot exceed 7 days.
4. How many hours per day this member worked on the plot between planting and harvest
a. Since this is hours per day, the response should not exceed 18 hours.
First, ask the respondent to enumerate all household members that worked on each PLOT during the
last rainy season AFTER PLANTING BUT PRIOR TO HARVEST. Copy EACH person’s ID from
household Roster to complete Harvest Labour table. If no household members worked on the plot after
planting and before harvest, record a dash (-) in each column for member ID and leave the others blank.
If less than four members worked on the plot, record a dash in the other columns for member ID. IF
MORE THAN 4 MEMBERS WORKED ON THE PLOT, FILL OUT THIS SECTION IN AN
ADDITIONAL AGRICULTURE QUESTIONNAIRE.
After all members are specified, ask the detailed questions about how much the member worked on the
plot between planting and harvest (weeks, days, and hours). Pay special attention to the notes provided
in the questionnaire. IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT THE INTERVIEWER ASKS THE QUESTIONS
EXACTLY AS THEY ARE WRITTEN IN THE QUESTIONNAIRE. If the respondent provides an
unreasonable response (for example, worked more than 7 days in a week), check to make sure the
respondent understands the question.
NOTE: It must be made clear to the respondent that the work time must be specific to each plot. In
previous waves, in some cases, the responses seem to indicate that the respondent is working on multiple
plots simultaneously which is impossible. Perhaps they work every day on two plots but spend 5 hours
each day working on one plot and 5 hours each day on the other. This should not be recorded as 10
hours worked per day on both plots.
NOTE: It must also be made clear that the individual listed actually worked on the plot. In previous
visits, some respondents have listed their children as working full time on the plots; however the
children only accompanied their parents to the field but did not perform any work. In this case, the
children should not be listed – only members that actually performed work on the plot.
QUESTIONS 2 – 10 REFER TO HIRED AND FREE LABOR THAT WORKED ON THE PLOT
AFTER PLANTING BUT BEFORE HARVEST.
QUESTION 2: This question asks for the number of men (15 years or older) hired to do work on this
PLOT between planting and harvesting in the last agricultural (rainy) season. Record the number
accordingly.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If no men were hired, record zero and skip to Question 5. Otherwise, continue
to Question 3.
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QUESTION 3: Ask the respondent how many days the hired men worked on this PLOT between
planting and harvesting in the last agricultural (rainy) season.
NOTE: This is the number of days men were hired, not the number of man-days. For example, if two
men were hired to work 2 days each, you would record “2” days, not “4” days.
QUESTION 4: Ask how much the manager normally pays per day to all men hired between planting
and harvesting in the last agricultural (rainy) season in Naira. This is how much the farmer normally
pays per day to all the hired men.
For example: On Plot 1, five men were hired for 7 days and paid N4,000 per day each, then the
TOTAL DAILY payment by the farmer is N20,000 (5 men X N4,000 per day). Therefore,
20,000 should be recorded for Q4.
Another example: On Plot 3, three men are hired to work for a single day; the first was paid
N3,000, the second N2,000 and the third N5,000. Then the amount to record in Q4 is 10000.
QUESTIONS 5-7: Correspond to Questions 2-4 but refer instead to adult females (15 years or older).
Refer to the notes above for Questions 2-4.
QUESTIONS 8-10: Correspond to Questions 2-4 but refer instead to children (under 15 years old).
Refer to the notes above for Questions 2-4.
QUESTION 10b: The interviewer should check the responses for questions 2, 5 and 8 to determine if
the household hired any person to work on the plot. If the response was zero for questions 2, 5 and 8,
record “yes” and skip to Question 12. Otherwise, continue to Question 11.
QUESTION 11: If any persons were hired to work on the plot between planting and harvest, this
question seeks to determine whether any hired labor was given in the form of harvested crop. Record
the crop code, quantity, and unit for the TOTAL quantity of the crop given out to ALL hired workers.
If more than one crop was given, only list the crop given out the most. If no harvested crop was given
to any hired worker, enter zero for quantity and leave crop code and unit blank. Get the total quantity
given out as payment to all hired workers for harvesting on this PLOT.
QUESTION 12: Ask the respondent how many (if any) men, women, or children (under 15 years old)
from other households worked for free on each plot. This includes exchange labour (persons, who
worked on the plot in exchange for household members working on the laborer’s plot) as well as
persons, who assisted for nothing in return. If there were no persons who worked for free, record zero
in all columns and skip to Question 14.
QUESTION 13: Ask the respondent for the source of free labour from other households that worked
on PLOT between planting and harvesting. List up to three different sources in the network roster and
record the network roster ID code under Question 13.
QUESTIONS 13a – 26 REFER TO HOUSEHOLD, HIRED, AND FREE LABOR THAT
WORKED ON THE PLOT DOING ACTIVITIES RELATED TO HARVESTING AND
THRESHING. Follow the same instructions enumerated above for questions 1-13 for PLOT activities
related to harvesting and threshing.
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SECTION 11C2: INPUT COSTS
This section collects detailed information on the use of various inputs including pesticides, herbicides,
animal traction and equipment; and machinery. The use of these inputs is an important factor that can
determine how successful crop production is for the household. It is also important to know how much
the household spent on these inputs to assess their profit from agricultural production.
RESPONDENT: As for section A1 and A2, the ideal respondent for this section is the manager of
each plot. If the manager is not available, the respondent should be another adult member of the
household, who is knowledgeable about inputs used on the PLOT.
QUESTIONS 1 – 9 ASK ABOUT PESTICIDE USE ON EACH PLOT.
Pesticide: A substance for destroying pests, especially insects and small animals like rat.
QUESTION 1: This question determines whether pesticide was used on the PLOT this agricultural
season. Record the response as “1” for “yes” or “2” for “no”. SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response
in question 1 is “no”, skip to question 9. If the response is “yes”, continue with Question 2.
QUESTION 2: If question 1 is yes, enquire for the quantity of pesticide used on the PLOT during the
agricultural season. Only one response is allowed for each plot from the listed options. If more than one
kind of pesticide was used, record the TOTAL quantity used. The appropriate quantity and unit code
should be recorded for each PLOT.
QUESTION 3: In addition to the quantity, it is also necessary to know the source of the fertilizer. Ask
the respondent to identify the source(s) of pesticide used on the PLOT this agricultural season. List up
to two sources for pesticides in the network roster and record the Network Roster ID codes under
question 3.
NOTE:
Network Roster is a set of lists (i.e. a group-name to an Individual, a corporate body and
organization) that are connected to the listed locations so that they can share information. Also,
it represents a list of items which are linked to a particular group and location in a serially
arranged form. The Network Roster table must be completed by the Interviewer before
assigning Network code(s) to any response to the questions.
How to Use the Network Roster: For sources of pesticide, the responses obtained were, “Mr. Williams
in Kado market, Abuja.” and “Abuja Municipal Area Council, Garki.” The Network Roster would be
completed as shown below:
Network
Code
N1
N2
Name
Mr. Williams
Abuja Municipal Area Council
Network
9
17
Location
5
6
Having completed the Network Roster table in respect of Question 3, the interviewer must flip
back to the two cells provided for Network Code in Question 3 to record the responses captured
in the Network Roster as N1 and N2 respectively.
QUESTION 4: This question asks for the amount of money paid to each source to obtain the pesticide
used on the PLOT this agricultural season. The amount paid to each source as specified in Question 3
should be recorded in the appropriate column (the amount paid to source 1 in question 3 should be
recorded under the “Source 1” column in Question 4). If there is a single source in Question 3, leave
the second source column blank in Question 4.
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QUESTION 5: Similar to Question 4, this question asks for the in-kind payments made to each source
to obtain the pesticide used on the PLOT this agricultural season. If there is any in-kind payment,
estimate and record the value of these non-cash items in NAIRA. E.g. 10 tubers of yam is equivalent
to 2700 Naira; write 2700 in the appropriate source column.
QUESTION 6: Ask the respondent if any of the pesticide used on the PLOT was received for free.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is “yes”, continue to Question 7. If the response is “no”, skip to
Question 9.
QUESTION 7: If the response to question 6 is 1 (Yes), enquire for the quantity of pesticide used for
free on the PLOT this agricultural season. Only one response is allowed for each plot from the listed
options. The appropriate quantity and unit code should be recorded for each PLOT. If there were
multiple types of free pesticides used on the PLOT, record the TOTAL amount of free pesticides.
QUESTION 8: This question determines who gave most of the free pesticides this agricultural season.
A maximum of TWO sources should be listed with the appropriate network roster codes.
QUESTION 9: In addition to know whether and how much pesticide was used by the household, it is
also important to know if pesticide was not available for purchase when needed. This question asks if
there was any time since this planting season that pesticide was not available when it was needed.
QUESTIONS 10 – 18 ASK ABOUT HERBICIDES USED ON EACH PLOT.
Herbicide: A toxic substance to some plants used to destroy unwanted vegetation called weeds.
QUESTION 10: This question determines whether herbicide was used on the PLOT this agricultural
season. Record the response as “1” for “yes” or “2” for “no”.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response in question 10 is “no”, skip to question 18. If the response is
“yes”, continue with question 11.
QUESTION 11: If Question 10 is yes, enquire for the quantity of herbicide used on the PLOT during
the agricultural season. Only one response is allowed for each plot from the listed options. If more than
one kind of herbicide was used, record the TOTAL quantity used. The appropriate quantity and unit
code should be recorded for each PLOT.
QUESTION 12: In addition to the quantity, it is also necessary to know the source of the fertilizer.
Ask the respondent to identify the source(s) of herbicide used on the PLOT this agricultural season. List
up to two sources for herbicides in the network roster and record the Network Roster ID codes under
question 12.
QUESTION 13: This question asks for the amount of money paid to each source to obtain the herbicide
used on the PLOT this agricultural season. The amount paid to each source as specified in question 12
should be recorded in the appropriate column (the amount paid to source 1 in question 12 should be
recorded under the “Source 1” column in question 13). If there is a single source in question 12, leave
the second source column blank in question 13.
QUESTION 14: Similar to question 13, this question asks for the in-kind payments made to each source
to obtain the herbicide used on the PLOT this agricultural season. If there is any in-kind payment,
estimate and record the value of these non-cash items in NAIRA e.g. 10 tubers of yam is equivalent to
2700 Naira – write 2700 in the appropriate source column.
QUESTION 15: Ask the respondent if any of the herbicide used on the PLOT was received for free.
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SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is “yes”, continue to question 16. If the response is NO, skip to
question 18.
QUESTION 16: If the response to question 15 is “1” (yes), enquire for the quantity of herbicide used
for free on the PLOT this agricultural season. Only one response is allowed for each plot from the listed
options. The appropriate quantity and unit code should be recorded for each PLOT. If there were
multiple types of free herbicides used on the PLOT, record the TOTAL amount of free herbicides.
QUESTION 17: This question determines who gave most of the free herbicides this agricultural season.
A maximum of TWO sources should be listed with the appropriate network Roster codes.
QUESTION 18: In addition to know whether and how much herbicide was used by the household, it
is also important to know if herbicide was not available for purchase when needed. This question asks
if there was any time since this planting season that herbicide was not available when it was needed.
QUESTIONS 19 – 26 ASK ABOUT ANIMAL TRACTION ON EACH PLOT.
Animal Traction: A process of using larger animals (cattle, horses, donkey, etc.) to assist farmers in
carrying out farming tasks such as ploughing, planting, ridging, weeding and harvesting.
QUESTION 19: This question determines whether animal traction was used on the PLOT this
agricultural season. Record the response as “1” for “yes” or “2” for “no”.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response in question 10 is “no”, skip to question 26. If the response is
“yes” continue with question 20.
QUESTION 20: If question 19 is “yes”, enquire for the TOTAL number of days that animals owned
by the household were used for animal traction on the PLOT during the agricultural season. This covers
all types of activities and types of animals. However, days should not be double counted. If the farmer
used a cow and a donkey to work on a plot on the same day¸ then the correct response is 1 day, not 2
days.
QUESTION 21: Asks for the TOTAL number of days that rented animals were used for animal
traction this agricultural season. If no animals were rented, record zero and skip to question 25.
QUESTION 22: The interviewer should ask for the source(s) of rented animal(s) used on the PLOT.
Record a maximum of TWO source(s) for each PLOT with the appropriate Network Roster codes.
QUESTION 23: This question asks for the amount of money paid to each source to rent the animals
used on the PLOT this agricultural season. The amount paid to each source as specified in question 22
should be recorded in the appropriate column (the amount paid to source 1 in question 22 should be
recorded under the “Source 1” column in question 23). If there is a single source in question 22, leave
the second source column blank in question 23.
QUESTION 24: Similar to question 23, this question asks for the in-kind payments made to each source
to the animals used on the PLOT this agricultural season. If there is any in-kind payment, estimate and
record the value of these non-cash items in NAIRA e.g. 10 tubers of yam is equivalent to 2700 Naira,
write 2700 in the appropriate source column.
QUESTION 25: One additional cost to using animals (both owned and rented) is for feeding the
animals. This question asks for the amount spent on feeding the animals used for traction this
agricultural season. The amount should be recorded in NAIRA for each PLOT.
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QUESTION 26: This question determines whether there was any time since this agricultural season
that animal(s) was/were not available for rent when it was needed. Record the response as “1” for “Yes”
or “2” for “No”.
QUESTIONS 26 – 27 ASK ABOUT EQUIPMENT OR MACHINERY USED ON EACH PLOT.
Equipment/Machine: A tool that is needed to do any farming activities either mechanically or manually
e.g. Tractor, Harvester, etc.
QUESTION 27: This question seeks to know whether any owned or rented equipment / machinery
were used on PLOT this agricultural season.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is “no”, skip to SECTION 11D. Otherwise, proceed to question
28.
QUESTION 28: If question 27 is “yes”, ask for the number of machines or equipment owned by the
household used on this PLOT during the agricultural season. Up to THREE (3) different types of
equipment/machines are allowed from the list of options. Specify the number of each machine type
along with the appropriate machine code. For option 11 (other specify), the response must be written
out clearly in the column provided. If no owned machines were used, record zero under quantity for
machine type 1 and leave all other columns blank. If less than three owned machine types were used,
leave the extra columns blank.
QUESTION 29: Similar to question 27, this question asks if any rented equipment/machinery were
used on PLOT this agricultural season.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is “no”, skip to question 34. Otherwise, proceed to Question 30.
QUESTION 30: If question 29 is “yes”, ask for the number of machines or equipment rented in by
the household used on this PLOT during the agricultural season. Up to THREE (3) different types of
equipment/machines are allowed from the list of options. Specify the number of each machine type
along with the appropriate machine code. For option 11 (other specify), the response must be written
out clearly in the column provided. If less than three types of machines were rented, leave the extra
columns blank.
QUESTION 31: Having completed question 30, ask for the source(s) of rented machine or equipment
used. Record a maximum of TWO source(s) with the appropriate Network Roster codes.
QUESTION 32: This question asks for the amount of money spent on renting equipment/machines
from ALL sources on the PLOT this agricultural season. The TOTAL amount should be recorded in
NAIRA for each relevant PLOT.
QUESTION 33: This question asks for the how much was spent in-kind to rent equipment/machines
from ALL sources on the PLOT this agricultural season. The TOTAL estimated value of in-kind
payments should be recorded in NAIRA for each relevant PLOT. E.g. 10 tubers of yam is equivalent
to 2,700 Naira – write 2,700 in the columns accordingly.
QUESTION 34: This question determines whether there was any time this agricultural season that the
equipment/machines was/were not available for rent when it was needed. Record the response as “1”
for “yes” or “2” for “no”.
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SECTION 11D: FERTILIZER ACQUISITION
INTRODUCTION: This section obtains information on fertilized used on each PLOT. Fertilizer is a
common input used to promote growth of crops. This section covers both organic and inorganic
fertilizer. How the fertilizer was acquired is also considered including fertilizer left over from the
previous season, acquired for free, purchased as well as purchase using e-wallet fertilizer subsidies.
CHANGES FROM WAVE 2: This section has undergone some significant changes from wave 2.
First, this section was originally administered in the post-planting visit but has been moved to the postharvest visit in this wave. This change was made to ensure that we capture any fertilizer used after
planting but before harvest.
Another major change is that a greater distinction has been made between ORGANIC and INORGANIC
fertilizer. In previous waves, both organic and inorganic fertilizer have been included in the same
questions. However, this led to underreporting of organic fertilizer. In this version, the questions from
previous waves have been limited to INORGANIC fertilizer and a new set of questions added at the
end that are specific to ORGANIC fertilizer.
Lastly, some questions were added to capture the use of e-wallet fertilizer subsidies.
RESPONDENT: Farmer, owner or manager of plot
Fertilizer: An artificially prepared substance or an organic manure containing nitrogen, phosphorus,
or potassium added to soil in order to make plants grow and improve its yields.
Organic fertilizer: Includes natural products such as animal and plant by-product, most commonly
manure or crop residue.
Inorganic fertilizer: Includes artificially derived, chemical fertilizers, commonly NPK or urea.
QUESTION 1: This question will determine whether this section is required for each PLOT.
Interviewers should ask the respondent if ANY fertilizer including INORGANIC AND ORGANIC
were used on the PLOT since the beginning of the agricultural season. Make sure that the respondent
understands that organic fertilizer includes manure, compost, or crop residue.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is “yes”, proceed to question 1a. If the response is “no”, this
section is not required for the current plot, skip the next PLOT on the plot roster.
QUESTON 1a: This question will determine whether any INORGANIC fertilizer was used on the
PLOT this agricultural season. Be sure to read the examples of inorganic fertilizer so the respondent
understands what INORGANIC fertilizer is and does not confuse it with ORGANIC.
QUESTIONS 2 – 5 CAPTURE FERTILIZER USED ON THE PLOT THAT WAS LEFT OVER
FROM A PREVIOUS SEASON.
QUESTION 2: If question 1a is “yes”, ask if any fertilizer used on the PLOT was any leftover from
the previous season. This would be fertilizer that they may have used in the previous rainy or dry season.
It could also be fertilizer acquired more than a year ago.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is “no”, skip to question 5a. Otherwise, proceed to question 3.
QUESTION 3: If question 2 is “yes”, ask for the type of the leftover INORGANIC fertilizer used on
the PLOT since the beginning of the agricultural season. Only one response is allowed for each plot
from the listed options. If more than one type was used that was left over, specify the type that was used
the most. For option 4 (other specify), the response must be written out clearly in the column provided.
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NOTE: In wave 2, there was a coded option 3 which has been deleted.
QUESTION 4: This question asks for the quantity of the leftover INORGANIC fertilizer used on the
PLOT since the beginning of the agricultural season. Record the quantity of leftover INORGANIC
fertilizer used on the PLOT and specify the appropriate unit code.
QUESTION 5: Find out the reason for the choice of ORGANIC fertilizer used on this PLOT. Record
the appropriate code from the options provided. For option 5 (other specify), the response must be
written out clearly in the column provided.
QUESTIONS 5a – 5e CAPTURE FERTILIZER PURCHASED USING E-WALLET
FERTILIZER SUBSIDIES USED ON THE PLOT
E-Wallet Fertilizer Subsidy Program: A government program whereby farmers can receive a subsidy
from the government for the purchase of inorganic fertilizer. The subsidy is typically transferred to
farmers via their mobile device.
QUESTION 5a: This question determines whether any INORGANIC fertilizer was used on the PLOT
that was purchased using e-wallet fertilizer subsidies.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is “no”, skip to question 6. Otherwise, continue to question 5b.
QUESTION 5b: Ask for the type of INORGANIC fertilizer purchased using e-wallet subsidy that was
used on the PLOT since the beginning of the agricultural season. Only one response is allowed for each
plot from the listed options. If more than one type was used, specify the type that was used the most.
For option 4 (other specify), the response must be written out clearly in the column provided.
QUESTION 5c: This question asks for the quantity of INORGANIC fertilizer used on the PLOT that
purchased using the e-wallet fertilizer subsidy. Record the quantity and specify the appropriate unit
code.
QUESTION 5d: This question asks how much was paid for the fertilizer that was used on the PLOT
and purchased using the fertilizer subsidy. THIS SHOULD BE THE FINAL COST TO THE FARMER
(after the subsidy). Record the cost in NAIRA.
QUESTION 5e: The interviewer should ask the respondent how much they would have paid for the
fertilizer they used if they had not received the e-wallet subsidy. When the response to this question is
compared with that for question 5d, we can estimate the amount of the subsidy.
QUESTIONS 6 – 11 CAPTURE FERTILIZER USED ON THE PLOT THAT WAS AQUIRED
FOR FREE
QUESTION 6: This question determines if any INORGANIC fertilizer used on the PLOT was acquired
for free.
NOTE: FREE FERTILIZER EXCLUDES ANY FERTILIZER LEFTOVER FROM PREVIOUS
SEASON.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is “no”, skip to question 12. Otherwise, proceed to question 7.
QUESTION 7: If the response for question 6 is “yes”, ask for the type of the FREE fertilizer used
most on the PLOT. Record the appropriate code from the options provided. For option 4 (other
specify), the response must be written out clearly in the column provided.
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QUESTION 8: This question asks for the quantity of free INORGANIC fertilizer used on the PLOT
since the beginning of the agricultural season. Record the quantities of INORGANIC fertilizer used and
acquired for free on the PLOT; and specify the appropriate unit code.
QUESTION 9: Ask the respondent where they acquired the free INORGANIC fertilizer since the
beginning of the agricultural season. Record up to TWO source(s) with the appropriate Network Roster
codes from the network roster.
QUESTION 10: Ask for the amount paid for transportation to acquire the INORGANIC fertilizer
received for free since the beginning of the agricultural season. THIS AMOUNT SHOULD INCLUDE
ALL TRIPS TO AND FROM THE FARM. Record the TOTAL amount in NAIRA.
QUESTION 11: This question asks what the main mode of transportation used to bring back the
FERTILIZER received for free since the beginning of the agricultural season. Record the appropriate
code from the options provided. For option 8 (other specify), the response must be written out clearly
in the column provided.
QUESTIONS 12 – 35 CAPTURE FERTILIZER USED ON THE PLOT THAT WAS
PURCHASED
QUESTION 12: Ask whether any of the INORGANIC fertilizer used on the PLOT was purchased
since the beginning of the agricultural season.
NOTE: ANY FERTILIZER PURCHASED USING AN E-WALLET SUBSIDY SHOULD BE
EXCLUDED FROM PURCHASES.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is “no”, skip to question 36. Otherwise, continue to question 13.
QUESTION 13: Having completed Question 12 as “yes”, the interviewer should ask which household
member(s) paid for the INORGANIC fertilizer used on the PLOT. Copy the ID from the Household
Roster. Record a maximum of TWO ID codes for each plot.
QUESTION 14: This section allows for two different sources for the purchased fertilizer. In this
question (and questions 15 –23), information will be collected regarding the first source. The
interviewer should ask the respondent for the MAIN SOURCE of the purchased INORGANIC fertilizer
used on the PLOT since the beginning of the agricultural season. Make an entry in the Network Roster
and record the appropriate Network Roster code here.
QUESTION 15: Ask the respondent what the type of INORGANIC fertilizer was purchased from the
MAIN SOURCE. Record the appropriate code from the options provided. For option 4 (other specify),
the response must be written out clearly in the column provided.
QUESTION 16: This question asks for the quantity of INORGANIC fertilizer purchased from the
MAIN SOURCE that was used on the PLOT. Record the quantity used on PLOT that was purchased
from the MAIN SOURCE and specify the appropriate unit code.
QUESTION 17: Ask for the amount paid for transportation to acquire the INORGANIC fertilizer
purchased from the MAIN SOURCE. THIS AMOUNT SHOULD INCLUDE ALL TRIPS TO AND
FROM THE FARM. Record the TOTAL amount in NAIRA.
QUESTION 18: This question asks what the main mode of transportation used to bring back the
FERTILIZER purchased from the MAIN SOURCE and used on the PLOT since the beginning of the
agricultural season. Record the appropriate code from the options provided. For option 8 (other
specify), the response must be written out clearly in the column provided.
QUESTION 19: Ask the respondent for the value (in NAIRA) of the FERTILIZER purchased from
FIRST SOURCE since the beginning of the agricultural season. Record the response in NAIRA.
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NOTE: The value of the fertilizer that was used is not necessarily the same as the amount paid for the
fertilizer.
QUESTION 20: Ask for the source of finance for the purchase of the INORGANIC fertilizer from the
FIRST SOURCE. Record the appropriate code from the options provided in the column provided.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response to question 20 is option “1”, skip to Question 24. Questions 21
-23 will ask for additional information regarding the fertilizer purchased using credit. Otherwise,
proceed to question 21.
QUESTION 21: Ask for the amount paid up-front for the INORGANIC fertilizer purchased from the
MAIN SOURCE. INCLUDE CASH PAYMENT AND ESTIMATED VALUE OF IN-KIND
PAYMENTS. IF NOTHING WAS PAID UP FRONT, RECORD ZERO (0).
QUESTION 22: Ask how much was repaid or that will be repaid for the INORGANIC fertilizer
purchased using credit. This should be the amount that will be paid in addition to how much was paid
up front. Be sure to INCLUDE CASH PAYMENT AND THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF IN-KIND
PAYMENTS.
QUESTION 23: Lastly, ask the respondent for the source of credit for the purchase of the INORGANIC
fertilizer from the FIRST SOURCE. Record the appropriate Network Roster code for the source. If
there was more than one source, record the source where the most credit was given.
QUESTION 24: Apart from FIRST SOURCE in question 14, ask whether there was any SECOND
SOURCE from whom the INORGANIC fertilizer was purchased since the beginning of the agricultural
season.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If question 24 is “no”, skip to question 36. Otherwise, proceed to question 25
to answer detailed questions regarding the fertilizer purchased from SECOND SOURCE.
QUESTIONS 25 –35 CORRESPOND TO QUESTIONS 13 – 23 FOR THE FIRST SOURCE FOR
PURCHASE. REFER TO THE INSRUCTIONS FOR THE EQUIVALENT QUESTIONS
ABOVE.
QUESTIONS 36 –41 ARE ABOUT THE USE AND ACQUISION OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER
QUESTION 36: In addition to inorganic fertilizer, ORGANIC fertilizer is also commonly used to
enrich the soil and improve crop yields. This question determines whether any ORGANIC fertilizer was
used on the PLOT this agricultural season. Some examples of ORGANIC fertilizer are manure, crop
residue, compost, etc. If ORGANIC fertilizer was used on the PLOT, then the more detailed questions
on the use and acquisition of the ORGANIC fertilizer should be administered (questions 37 – 41).
Otherwise, skip to the next plot.
QUESTION 37: Of course the most important information we would need about the ORGANIC
fertilizer used on the PLOT is the QUANTITY that was used. Ask the respondent how much was used
on the PLOT. BE SURE THEY UNDERSTAND THAT THEY SHOULD ESTIMATE THE
AMOUNT SPECIFICALLY USED ON THAT PARTICULAR PLOT.
QUESTION 38: The cost of the fertilizer is also an important factor. This question will indicate how
much (IF ANY) of the ORGANIC fertilizer used on the PLOT was purchased. Record the quantity
purchased THAT WAS USED ON THE PLOT. The response in this question should not be more
than the quantity reported in Q37. If none of the ORGANIC fertilizer was purchased, record zero for
quantity, leave unit blank, and skip to question 41.
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QUESTION 39: In addition to the quantity purchased, we also want to know how much the household
spent on purchasing the ORGANIC fertilizer THAT WAS USED ON THE PLOT. This amount should
only include the cost of the fertilizer that was actually USED on the PLOT.
QUESTION 40: The final question regarding the purchase of ORGANIC fertilizer is to identify the
source of the purchase. The source identified by the respondent should be recorded in the Network
Roster as necessary and the appropriate network code recorded under question 40.
QUESTION 41: This question asks for the amount of money paid to transport the ORGANIC fertilizer
that was used on the PLOT this agricultural season. This should include all ORGANIC fertilizer
purchased or otherwise acquired. ORGANIC fertilizer from within the household, (e.g. manure from
household livestock), should be recorded as zero.
SECTION A3i: CROP HARVEST
INTRODUTION: This is one of the most important sections of the Agricultural module. This section
collects information on the harvest of crops. Harvest information allows computation of yields, which
is a critical determinant of household well-being for agricultural households. This section also has
information on the time of harvest, whether the crop was harvested; and who made decisions regarding
how to use the harvested crop. Special attention must be paid to Question 6 (the quantity harvested).
This question is one of the most important questions in the entire survey.
This module has its own Flap (Flap D) that should be partially pre-filled prior to proceeding to the field.
NOTE: This section is at the PLOT-CROP level. All responses must be particular to a specific
crop grown on a specific plot. For example, if maize was grown on plots 1 and 2, there should be a
separate line for the maize grown on plot 1 and the maize grown on plot 2.
CHANGES FROM WAVE 2:
The most significant change from Wave 2 is the former section A3 has been split into two sections: A3i
and A3ii. Section A3i is specific to PLOT-CROP harvests, while section A3ii collects information at
the CROP level. Some additional questions have also been added to this section regarding the timing of
harvest, harvested area (in percent of total plot area) and partially completed harvests.
FLAP D PLOT-CROP ROSTER: Before commencing the interview for this section, open FLAP D.
Flap D contains the PLOT-CROP roster, or the list of all cultivated plots and the crops that were grown
on them. Each line of the roster should identify a particular crop grown on a particular plot. Plot ID,
Crop ID, Question 1 and Question 2 should be pre-filled before proceeding to the field with all PLOTCROPs reported in the post-harvest visit.
Before proceeding to answering the detailed harvest questions, the interviewer must first ensure the list
of crops grown on each plot (the PLOT-CROP roster) is complete. The interviewer should go plot-byplot and list for the respondent all crops that were reported to be grown on the plot in the previous visit.
THE INTERVIEWER MUST THEN ASK THE RESPONDENT IF THEY HARVESTED ANY
ADDIITONAL CROPS ON THE PLOT. Any additional crops should be added to the roster with the
appropriate plot ID and crop ID. Lastly, the interviewer should ask the respondent to list the crops
grown on plots that were newly acquired since the previous visit (new plots added to the plot roster on
Flap C). THE INTERVIEWER SHOULD CAREFULLY READ THE INSTRUCTION UNDER
QUESTION 1 BEFORE PROCEEDING WITH THE INTERVIEW.
QUESTION 1: Write the name of each crop in each plot correctly. The crop names will be pre-filled
from the post-planting visit information. Having the crop name serves as a check on the crop code. The
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crop code can sometimes be mistakenly written, however, the correct crop code can be determined from
the crop name.
QUESTION 2: In addition to the name, the crop code is also required. This question will also be prefilled prior to proceeding to the field. For newly added PLOT-CROP observations, reference the
complete set of crop codes that are provided on the flip page. Locate the appropriate code and carefully
copy it to question 2.
QUESTION 3: Before asking detailed questions about the harvest, it is important to first determine
whether the crop has actually been harvested. Ask if the [CROP] that was planted on [PLOT] was
harvested during the agricultural season. If the [CROP] grown on [PLOT] was not harvested, we want
to know why it was not harvested. Therefore, if the response is “no”, proceed to question 4. However
if the [CROP] in [PLOT] was harvested, proceed to the detailed questions starting with question 4a.
QUESTION 4: Following a “no” response in question 3, ask the respondent why the [CROP] planted
on [PLOT] was not harvested. Record the code for the reason provided by the respondent. If there was
more than one reason, record the most important reason.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: FOR ALL RESPONSES TO QUESTION 4, SKIP TO THE NEXT CROP. The
rest of this section will not be administered for this PLOT-CROP.
QUESTION 4a: This question asks when the harvest of [CROP] planted on [PLOT] commenced.
Record the month (code) and year the harvest began. This information can be used to determine how
long after harvest the respondent is being interviewed.
QUESTION 5: One very important aspect of the harvest is the total area on which a CROP was
harvested on a particular PLOT. Ask the respondent the size of the area of land on which [CROP] was
harvested on [PLOT]. THE AREA SHOULD BE REPORTED IN BOTH AREA AND PERCENT OF
THE TOTAL PLOT AREA. Having the percentage of the total area will allow for easier use with the
GPS measurements collected in the plot roster.
QUESTION 6: This is one of the most important questions collected in the survey. It asks for the
TOTAL amount of [CROP] harvested on [PLOT] this agricultural season. THE INTERVIEWER
SHOULD PAY EXTRA CAREFUL ATTENTION TO THIS QUESITON AND RECORD THE
RESPONSE ACCURATELY. Allow the respondent to report the quantity in a unit of their choosing.
If the unit is a non-standard unit (not kg, g, L, mL), show the respondent the appropriate photo of
the unit provided in the album of reference photographs. Allow the respondent to confirm the size
of the unit (if applicable) and adjust the quantity to better reflect the pictured unit. Record the quantity
and unit code (listed on the flip page) in the appropriate column.
QUESTION 6a: One alternative measure to the quantity harvested is to ask for the estimated value of
the harvested crop. Ask the respondent to estimate the value of the [CROP] harvested on [PLOT] in
NAIRA. If the respondent is unclear, explain that the value of the harvest is how much money they
would receive if they sold the entire harvested [CROP] on [PLOT].
QUESTION 6b: In some situations and for some crops, it may be the case that the harvest has not been
completed yet. The farmer may only have started harvesting very recently and has not completed or
perhaps some of the crop had not yet fully developed to point of harvesting. This question will identify
whether this is the case for [CROP] planted on [PLOT].
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SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the harvest is completed (yes), then proceed to question 6c to answer when
the harvest was completed. If the harvest is not yet completed (no), skip to question 6d and ask how
much more they expect to harvest.
QUESTION 6c: If the harvest period has been completed (question 6b is yes), then we want to know
when the harvest was completed. Record the month and year the harvest was completed.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: For all responses, skip to question 6e.
QUESTION 6c: If the harvest has not been completed (question 6b is no), we want to know how much
more the respondent expects to harvest of [CROP] from [PLOT]. See the instruction for question 6 for
reporting and asking about harvest quantities.
QUESTION 6d: This question should be administered for all PLOT-CROP that were harvested. Ask
for the person that made decisions concerning the use of the total harvested [CROP] grown on [PLOT]
in the household. This is the person(s) that were the primary decision maker(s) regarding how to use
the harvested crop (e.g. how much to sell, how much to consume, etc.) List a maximum of TWO
person’s ID from the Household Roster.
SECTION A3ii: CROP DISPOSITION
INTRODUCTION: This section collects detailed information on how harvested crops were used (sold,
consumed, stored, etc.). This information is critically important to account for commercialization/sale
of crops including income from sales as well as the extent of own consumption from production.
FLAP ECROP ROSTER: Open FLAP ECROP ROSTER before the commencement of interview for
this section. Unlike the previous flaps, this flap should not be pre-filled before going to the field.
The first step in this section is to fill out Flap E using information from the PLOT-CROP roster listed
in Flap D. The interviewer should look through Flap D and list ALL CROPS THAT HAVE BEEN
HARVESTED by the household (even if the harvest is not complete).This consists of any crop listed
on Flap D for which the response to Question3 on Flap D is “yes”. Unharvested crops should not be
listed on Flap E.
Unlike on Flap D, THE SAME CROP SHOULD NEVER BE LISTED TWICE ON FLAP E. For
example, if the household harvested two separate plots of maize, maize should only be listed ONCE on
Flap E. All responses in section A3ii should reflect the entire amount of the harvested CROP, regardless
of the plot that the crop was harvested from.
QUESTION 1 & 2: Write the name and crop code for each HARVESTED crop from FLAP D. BE
SURE TO ONLY LIST EACH CROP ONCE.
QUESTIONS 3 – 10 COLLECT INFORMATION ON THE SALE OF UNPROCESSED CROP
QUESTION 3: This question will determine whether the household has sold any unprocessed CROP
that was harvested this season. Unprocessed crops are crops that are still in their raw format and have
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not been dried, ground, or milled. SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the household did sell unprocessed CROP
(yes), continue to answer detailed questions 3 – 10. Otherwise, proceed to question 11.
QUESTION 4: The month in which the unprocessed crop was sold is also of interest. This can be used
to determine how long after harvest the crop was sold. Ask for the month during which the unprocessed
crop was sold and enter the appropriate code.
NOTE: The month codes do not match the number of the month. If the unprocessed CROP was sold
over a period of months, record the month in which the most was sold.
QUESTION 5 & 6: The TOTAL quantity of the unprocessed crop sold (question 5) and the value of
those sales (question 6) are the most important elements of this section. This will inform as to how
much of the crop was sold, the total revenue from sale of the unprocessed crop, as well as the price the
farmer received for the unprocessed crop. Record the quantity and unit code as shown on the flip page.
SEE THE BOX BELOW REGARDING PRODUCTION QUANTITIES. Record the TOTAL value of
sales in question 6.
A NOTE ON COLLECTING PRODUCTION QUANTITIES: When asking the respondent for the
quantity of a CROP, always allow the respondent to report the quantity in a unit of their
choosing. If the unit is a non-standard unit (not kg, g, L, mL), show the respondent the
appropriate photo of the unit provided in the album of reference photographs. Allow the
respondent to confirm the size of the unit (if applicable) and adjust the quantity to better
reflect the pictured unit. You should only question their response if the unit seems
inappropriate for the CROP. For example you would not expect to report the quantity of yam
reported in milk cup. Be especially careful to correctly record the unit code.
QUESTION 7: In addition to the quantity and value, the source of the sale should also be collected.
Ask the respondent who they sold the unprocessed crop to. Up to two sources can be listed. Record the
reported source in the Network Roster (if they are not already there) and record the appropriate network
code(s) under question 7.
QUESTIONS 8 & 9: Both of these questions refer to specific members of the household. Question 8
asks for the person that is responsible for taking the unprocessed crop to the market and negotiating the
sale. Question 9 asks for the person(s) that decide how to use the earning from the sale of CROP. Record
a maximum of TWO person’s IDs from the Household Roster for both questions.
QUESTION 10: Lastly, the promptness of the payment for the sale of the crop should be asked. This
information will help determine whether the respondent was paid right away or had to wait for the
payment. Record the appropriate code from the list of options provided that best corresponds to the
response given by the respondent.
QUESTIONS 11 – 17: Series of questions asked for the quantity of harvested CROP that was used for
various means. SEE THE BOX ABOVE REGARDING PRODUCTION QUANTITIES. For all
questions, if the response is “none”, record zero for quantity and leave the unit blank. The means of the
disposing crop for each question are as follows:
Question 11: Stored as seed for the next season.
Question 12: Used as animal feed.
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Question 13: Consumed by household members.
Question 14: Given as payment (in-kind) to labourers. This includes agricultural and
agricultural labour.
Question 15: Given as payment (in-kind) to non-labour.
Question 16: Given as reimbursement for sharecropping.
Question 17: Given out as gifts.
non-
QUESTION 18: This question is similar to questions 11-17 but is slightly more complicated. This
question asks for the quantity of the harvest of [CROP] that was post-harvest loss. Post-harvest loss
consists of the crop that was harvested but was lost/damaged/made unusable after harvesting. For this
question, the respondent can either report the quantity lost or the share of the harvest that was lost. The
share is allowed in this question since the respondent may not know the exact quantity that was lost. If
the respondent reports the quantity, SEE THE BOX ABOVE REGARDING PRODUCTION
QUANTITIES.
QUESTIONS 19 –27 COLLECT INFORMATION ON THE SALE OF PROCESSED CROP
QUESTIONS 19 –24 CORRESPOND TO QUESTIONS 3 – 10 FOR UNPROCESSED
CROP.SEE THE NOTES ABOVE FOR THE CORRESPONDING QUESTIONS.
QUESTION 25: Since this series of questions refers to the sale of processed CROP, we want to know
exactly how the CROP was processed. Record the appropriate response. If there were multiple forms
of processing for the CROP, report the most common type of processing.
QUESTION 26 & 27: These two questions capture whether any electricity was used to process crop
and if so, the source of that electricity. If no electricity was used to process the crop, skip to the next
crop.
SECTION A4: AGRICULTURAL CAPITAL
This section captures information on the agricultural capital possessed by the farming household. The
possession include tractor, plough, planter, boat, fishing net, etc., and are important in measuring
farming household welfare and standards of living. It is also important to determine how advanced the
capacity for agricultural production of the household is.
Respondent: The main respondent is the head of the household and/or an adult household member
currently living in the household.
QUESTION 1: This question seeks to determine the number of the listed items that are owned by the
farming household. The number of items owned should be entered in the row corresponding to that
item. If the household owns none of these items, then write “0” in question 1 and move to the next item.
Obtain a response on ALL items before moving to Question 2.
NOTE: The item must be in good working condition. If the item is not functioning, it should be
excluded. For the others, specify (code 322), and be sure to provide the description of the item.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is ZERO, go to NEXT ITEM. If response to the entire list is
ZERO, skip to SECTION A5a.
QUESTION 2: Ask for the person(s) who owns this [ITEM] in the household. Write the person’s ID
from HOUSEHOLD ROSTER. NOTE: If the ITEM is owned by more than one person write their ID
codes separated by comma (,) or if owned by entire household write ‘98’ before proceeding to questions
2 to 8.
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QUESTION 3: This question seeks to determine the age of the item IN YEARS. The age will have
bearing on its current value. The value of older items will have depreciated more than new items. If the
item was purchased less than past 12 months ago, then write “0” under YEARS column.
QUESTION 3b & 4: In order to determine the current value of the item, it is helpful to know the initial
purchase price of the ITEM (Question 3b) as well as the estimated current value of the item if sold today
(Question 4). First, ask how much was paid for ONE of the ITEMsat the time of purchase and record
the answer under Question 3b. Then ask the respondent how much they would receive if they sold one
of ITEM in its current state.
NOTE: Both of these questions refer to the cost/value of a SINGLE UNIT OF ITEM. That is, if the
household owns 3 ploughs, the purchase price and current sale value of A SINGLE plough should be
reported. If the household owns more than one of a particular item, the purchase price and current sale
value of THE NEWEST ITEM should be reported in questions 3b and 4.
QUESTION 5: It may be that there are other persons BESIDES THE OWNERS LISTED IN
QUESTION 2 that use the ITEMs. Ask the respondent to list any ADDITIONAL persons, who use this
[ITEM] in the household. Record up to 3 persons’ IDs from HOUSEHOLD ROSTER.
NOTE: The persons listed in this question should be different from the owners reported in question 2.
This question is only concerned with persons other than the owners.
QUESTIONS 6 – 8 COLLECT INFORMATION ON RENTING OUT THE OWNED ITEMs
QUESTION 6: The household may have generated additional income from renting out their
agricultural equipment to other farmers. If so, it is important that this additional income is taken into
account. This question ascertains whether the household rented out any [ITEM].SKIP INSTRUCTION:
If the response is “no”, skip to the NEXT ITEM. Otherwise, proceed to question 7.
QUESTION 7: This question will give information on how much the household received from renting
out [ITEM]. Record the TOTAL value of all rentals in Naira.
QUESTION 8: Ask for the number of days the [ITEM] was rented out. Knowing the number of days
that the [ITEM] was rented out will allow calculation of the price per day for renting out [ITEM]. Record
the TOTAL number of days that/those [ITEM]s was/were rented out in the column provided.
SECTION A5a: EXTENSION SERVICES (TOPICS)
INTRODUCTION: This section collects information on agricultural extension services or advice
received regarding agricultural practices. This information will help indicate whether such programmes
are effective at promoting improvements in agriculture.
RESPONDENT: Farmer, owner or manager of plot.
Note:
Agricultural Extension Service: Technical assistance/advice (or a demonstration of new
agricultural techniques) given to a farmer or group of farmers to improve productivity.
Topic Code: Unique serial number was assigned to each of the listed TOPICS in question 1 to
continue the interview orderly.
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QUESTION 1: Asks whether anyone in the household received any advice on [TOPIC] during the
recent agricultural season. Receiving “advice” here includes both sharing information and providing
training to anyone in the household. Households can receive advice from the same source on more than
one topic. Record the response as either “1” for “yes” or 2 for “no” against each topic. Pay special
attention to the instruction in upper case letters before writing the response.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is “no” for any of the listed topics, move to NEXT TOPIC. If
response to the entire list is “no”, skip to section 8.
QUESTION 2: We are interested in knowing the source of the information about the TOPIC during
the agricultural season. Record the code from available list of options. For option 14 (other specify),
the response must be written out clearly in the column provided.
NOTE: The responses to this question will be required to complete section A5b.
SECTION A5b: EXTENSION SERVICES (SOURCES)
INTRODUCTION: This section collects information on the SOURCE of agricultural extension
services or advice received regarding agricultural practices. The source will be identified as well as who
received the advice, how often the advice was received, as well as any payment incurred to receive the
advice.
RESPONDENT: Farmer, owner or manager of plot
Note:
Source Code: A serial number is assigned to each listed SOURCE in question 1 to continue the
interview orderly.
Peer Farmer: A group of farmers, who grow the same type of crop in a single community.
Lead Farmer: A farmer, who is the most active in growing certain crops or who has the largest
PLOT of a certain crop or an outstanding farmer in a community that most farmers look up to. They
might also be the first to try a new agricultural technology.
Farmer Field Day/School: A day that both the extension worker and a group of farmers agree for
training and practicing new farming procedures.
QUESTION 1: Mark “X” to each identified source of advice FOR ANY TOPIC as reported in question
2 of section A5a. Ensure that all topics were completed by marking “X” against the identified source(s)
before proceeding to Question 2.
QUESTION 2: For each source marked “X”, enquire for the member of the household members that
received advice/information through [SOURCE] in the last 12 months. List a maximum of FOUR
persons from HOUSEHOLD ROSTER and then copy the persons’ ID in the provided columns
accordingly.
QUESTION 3: Find out the number of times someone from this [SOURCE] visited any household
member’s farm during the agricultural season. Record the NUMBER of VISITS per source
accordingly. If there is no visit made, record Zero (0) and skip to question 5. Do not complete the block
cells.
QUESTION 4: The interest here is to decipher the number of the visits out of the total that the
household solicited (requested) from the SOURCE. Get the number of solicited visits. Record the
NUMBER of SOLICITED VISITS per source accordingly. If there is no solicited visit made, record
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Zero (0). Do not complete the block cells. Pay special attention to the instruction in upper case letters
before writing the response.
NOTE: The number of solicited visits CANNOT be greater than the number of visits reported in
Question 3.
QUESTION 5: This question is seeking the number of times this agricultural season that a member of
the household visited or met this SOURCE at a location different from the household’s dwelling or farm
plots. Record the number for the entire household per SOURCE accordingly. If there is no
visit/meeting made, record Zero (0). Do not complete the block cells.
QUESTION 6: Enquire for the number of times any member of the household attended a meeting with
this [SOURCE] this agricultural season. Record the TOTAL NUMBER for the entire household per
source accordingly. If there is no visit made, record Zero (0). Do not complete the block cells.
QUESTION 7: Ask whether any of the household members paid anything for receiving advice or
information from this [SOURCE] during the agricultural season. Record the response as either 1 for
“Yes” or 2 for “No” against each source. Do not complete the block cells. If the response is No for any
of the listed sources, skip to Question 9.
QUESTION 8: Get the TOTAL amount paid by the household for receiving advice or information
from this [SOURCE]. Enter the total amount in NAIRA for the entire household including the cash and
in-kind payments. Ask the respondent to estimate the value of any in-kind payments.
QUESTION 9: Of course one important element to measuring the effectiveness of an agricultural
extension service is whether the recipient found the information useful. This question asks how useful
the information/advice from this [SOURCE] to the household regarding farming practices is. Only one
response is required here and the interviewer should be careful at which option to choose.
SECTION A8: OTHER AGRICULTURAL INCOME
This section collects information on the harvest of agricultural by-products that generates income for
farmers. Any other by-product not identified here should be recorded and coded “8” in the by-product
list.
RESPONDENT: Owner or caretaker of animals
BY-PRODUCT CODE: Unique serial number was assigned to each listed BY- PRODUCT in Question
1 to enable the interview continue orderly.
QUESTION 1: Ask whether any member of the household produced any of the listed BY-PRODUCT
during this agricultural season. Record the response as either “1” for “yes” or 2 for “no” against each
listed item. Move to NEXT ITEM if the response to any of the listed items is, “no”. Ensure that all
items were completed before continuing from question 2. Go to NEXT SECTION if response to the
entire list is “no”.
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QUESTION 2: We are interested in knowing the number of months during the agricultural season that
the household produced the listed by-product. Record the number of the months. E.g. Record “3” in the
provided column, for three months.
QUESTION 3: The focus here is on the average monthly production of the specified by-product during
the agricultural season. Record the average quantity produced per month and the corresponding unit
code from the listing on the flip page.
NOTE: The only allowable unit for EGGS is PIECES. Please ask the respondent to report the average
number of eggs that were produced per month.
QUESTIONS 4 – 8 COLLECT INFORMATION ON THE SALE OF BY-PRODUCTS
QUESTION 4: Ask whether or not the household sold the specified by-product produced this
agricultural season. A Yes/No response is required here. If no sales of this by-product were made, skip
to the next by-product, otherwise continue to question 5.
QUESTION 5: Ask for the quantity of the by-product sold during the agricultural season. Write the
total quantity sold beneath quantity and fix the appropriate unit from the food item unit codes shown on
the flip page.
NOTE: The only allowable unit for EGGs is PIECES. Please ask the respondent to report the number
of eggs that they sold.
QUESTION 6: Ask for the total value of sales of [BY-PRODUCT] during this agricultural season.
Record the amount in NAIRA for both cash and in-kind payments in the provided column. Add cash
amounts and estimated value of in-kind payments.
QUESTION 7: Ask which member(s) of the household were responsible for taking the BY-PRODUCT
to market and negotiating the sale. List a maximum of TWO persons from HOUSEHOLD ROSTER
and then copy the persons’ ID in the space provided accordingly.
QUESTION 8: Ask which member(s) of the household controlled the earnings from the sale of BYPRODUCT. List a maximum of TWO persons from HOUSEHOLD ROSTER and then copy the
persons’ ID in the space provided accordingly.
SECTION A9a: FISHING
Fishing is one of the many agricultural activities carried out in the country. There are two types of
fishery: fish farming/cultured and fish hunted/un-cultured. Fish farming refers to fish that are nurtured
or raised from fingerling to maturity and harvest. It is usually done in controlled ponds (i.e. earthen
pond, concrete pond, tank, plastic, etc). Fish hunting refers to the act of capturing fish in a natural water
body such as lake, river, stream, sea or ocean. In the questionnaire, when referring to fish farming, the
terms “RAISING” and “HARVEST” will be used since you harvest a crop of farmed fish. When
referring to fish hunting, the term “CAPTURE” will be used. Make sure this differentiation is clear
when recording the respondent answers.
Respondent: Household member(s) responsible for fishing activities.
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QUESTION 1: This is a filter question to determine whether this and the following section need to be
administered to the household. The question asks if any person in the household was involved in ANY
fishing activities (raising or capturing fish) in the last 12 months. Their response is either “yes” (1) or
“no” (2).SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is “no”, end the interview. Otherwise continue to
Question 2.
QUESTION 2: After determining whether the household participated in any fishing activities, we want
to know what kinds of fish they raised or captured in the last 12 months. Ask Question 12 for all types
of fish listed. If fish other than the coded options were harvested/captured, then fill in up to 3 additional
fish in the “other (specify)” rows and indicate the type of fish next to the line. SKIP INSTRUCTION:
Move to NEXT FISH if the response is “no” for an item.
QUESTION 3: Find out the number of weeks that any member of the household caught or raised [FISH
SPECIES] listed in Question 2 in the last 12 months. Record the number of week(s) in the provided
column.
QUESTION 4: Ask for the quantity of fish caught or harvested by any member of the household or
hired fishers on average per week in the last 12 months. THIS AVERAGE SHOULD BE IN THE
MONTHS WHEN THE FISH WAS CAPTURED / HARVESTED. Ensure that the quantity caught or
harvested per fish with corresponding appropriate option from the list of unit code is inserted into
Quantity and Unit Code columns as expected respectively. Note that there are separate columns for
CAPTURE and HARVEST. For units “PIECE” and “HEAP”, be sure to show the respondent the
appropriate photos in the reference photo album to ensure they are providing an accurate quantity.
QUESTION 5: Find out the average quantity sold per week of CAPTURED fish by any member of
the household in the last 12 months. If there was any quantity of CAPTURED fish sold, ensure that the
quantity is recorded with corresponding appropriate option from the list of unit code and is inserted into
Quantity and Unit Code columns as expected respectively. For units “PIECE” and “HEAP”, be sure to
show the respondent the appropriate photos in the reference photo album to ensure they are providing
an accurate quantity. If there was no CAPTURED fish sold, record zero in quantity, leave unit blank
and skip to question 7.
QUESTION 6: If question 5 recorded any sales, find out the average price per packaging unit of the
CAPTURED fish during the week of sales operation. The packaging unit should correspond to the unit
reported in question 5. Record the price in Naira.
QUESTION 7: Find out the average quantity sold per week of HARVESTED fish by any member of
the household in the last 12 months. If there was any quantity of HARVESTED fish sold, ensure that
the quantity is recorded with corresponding appropriate option from the list of unit code is inserted into
Quantity and Unit Code columns as expected respectively. For units PIECE and HEAP, be sure to show
the respondent the appropriate photos in the reference photo album to ensure they are providing an
accurate quantity. If there was no HARVESTED fish sold, record zero in quantity, leave unit blank, and
skip to question 9.
QUESTION 8: If question 7 recorded any sales, find out the average price per packaging unit of the
CAPTURED fish during the week of sales operation. The packaging unit should correspond to the unit
reported in question 5. Record the price in Naira.
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QUESTION 9: Inquire about the number of weeks that ANY fish (captured or harvested) was sold in
the last 12 months. Record the number of week(s) in the space provided.
QUESTION 10: Find out the average quantity of FISH consumption on average per week either caught
or harvested by any member of the household. Ensure that the quantity caught or harvested per fish is
recorded with corresponding appropriate option from the list of unit codes and inserted into Quantity
and Unit Code columns as expected respectively. For units “PIECE” and “HEAP”, be sure to show the
respondent the appropriate photos in the reference photo album to ensure they are providing an accurate
quantity.
QUESTION 11: Ask for the number of weeks that any member of the household processed FISH
SPECIES in the last 12 months. Examples of processing for fish are drying, smoking, freezing, etc.
Record the number of week(s) in the last 12 months.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If they did not process any FISH, write zero (0) and move to SECTION A9b.
QUESTION 12: If question 11 recorded any processing of FISH in the last 12 months, find out the
average quantity of FISH processed per week. Two different processing types are allowed. Record the
quantity and unit code and processing code under the appropriate columns. NOTE: Pay special
attention to the instruction in upper case before writing any response. For units, “PIECE” and “HEAP”,
be sure to show the respondent the appropriate photos in the reference photo album to ensure they are
providing an accurate quantity.
QUESTION 13: Find out the average quantity of FISH sold, processed, using PROCESSING TYPE 1
REPORTED IN QUESTION 12 by other members of the household and/or any hired persons per week
in the last 12 months. If there was any quantity of fish processed, ensure that the quantity of fish
processed is recorded with corresponding appropriate option from the list of unit codes and inserted
into Quantity sold and Unit Code columns as expected respectively. For units “PIECE” and “HEAP”,
be sure to show the respondent the appropriate photos in the reference photo album to ensure they are
providing an accurate quantity.
QUESTION 14: If question 13 recorded sale, ask for the average price of processed FISH using
PROCESSING TYPE 1 REPORTED IN QUESTION 12 that was sold by other members of the
household and/or any hired persons per packaging Unit. Ensure that the price of fish sold is recorded in
Naira.
QUESTION 15 & 16: These questions duplicate Questions 13 and 14 but for fish processing using
PROCESSING TYPE 2, refer to the notes for those two questions above.
QUESTION 17: Find out the number of weeks that any member of the household sold PROCESSED
FISH SPECIES in the last 12 months. This includes fish processed using either processing type
specified in Question 12. Record the number of week(s) in the last 12 months.
QUESTION 18: Ask the respondent for the quantity of processed FISH produced by the household
that was consumed per week on average. Two processing types are allowed. If there was any quantity
of fish processed by the household that was consumed, ensure that the quantity of fish processed is
recorded with corresponding appropriate option from the list of unit codes and inserted into Quantity
Unit Code and Processing Code columns as expected respectively. For units, “PIECE” and “HEAP”,
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be sure to show the respondent the appropriate photos in the reference photo album to ensure they are
providing an accurate quantity.
SECTION A9B: FISHING CAPITAL & REVENUES
INTRODUCTION: This section collects information on fishing capital (boats/canoes) owned or rented
by fishery households as well as information on labour used in the capture, harvest, or fish processing.
Respondent: Household member(s) involved in fishing activities (Fish hunting and/ or capture)
Capital refers to money that can be used for further wealth.
Revenue refers to money that comes into a business from the sale of goods or services.
QUESTION 1: This question will determine if the household used any boat or canoe (rented or owned)
for fishery activities in the last 12 months. If the household did not use (responded NO), then there is
no need to administer questions about boats/canoes and the interviewer should skip to question 10.
Otherwise, continue to question 2.
QUESTION 2: If response in question 1 is “yes”, ask for the number of boats/Canoes operated by the
member(s) of the household in the last 12 months. Record the number in cell (box) provided.
QUESTIONS 3 – 9 COLLECT INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC TYPES OF BOATS/CANOES
USED IN FISHERY ACTIVITIES.
QUESTION 3: The question seeks to determine the number of listed ITEM(S) owned by the household.
Record the number owned in the column provided.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: Ask for each ITEM. If none, put zero (0) and go to next item.
QUESTION 4: For those BOATS owned or rented by the household, ask the respondent to estimate
the TOTAL value of ITEM(S) given in question 3 if it were to be sold today. This should be the TOTAL
values of ALL boats used, not the value of a single boat. Record the estimated value in Naira.
QUESTION 5: In addition to owned boats, we want to know about boats that the household rented.
Ask whether any member of the household rented ITEM in the last 12 months.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is “no”, go to question 8. Otherwise continue the interview.
QUESTION 6: If question 5 has yes as response, ask for number of days that ITEMwas rented during
the last 12 months. Record the number of day(s) in the column provided.
QUESTION 7: Most importantly, we need to know how much the household spent to rent the boats.
Ask for the average amount paid per day by the household to rent ITEM during the last 12 months.
Record the value in Naira.
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QUESTION 8: Even though the household may not have paid to use the boat, there may have been
some additional running costs associated with use of the ITEM. Ask for the total costs of operating
ITEM on fuel, oil and maintenance per week during the last 12 months. Record the value in Naira.
QUESTION 9: In addition to maintenance and fuel costs for ITEM, the household may have incurred
some costs for fishing equipment. Ask the respondent for the TOTAL cost of operating ITEM on
maintaining fishing nets/gear per week during the last 12 months. Record the value in Naira.
QUESTIONS 10 – 20 COLLECT INFORMATION ON LABOR USED IN THE
CAPTURE/HARVEST OF ANY FISH.
QUESTION 10: Inquire for the number of adult males hired in fishing business in the last 12 months.
Record the number of adult males hired and total weeks worked in the two columns provided.
QUESTION 11: Inquire for the number of adult females hired in fishing business in the last 12 months.
Record the number of adult females hired and total weeks worked in the two columns provided.
QUESTION 12: Inquire for the number of children (<15 years old) hired in fishing business in the last
12 months. Record the number of children (<15 years old) hired and total weeks worked in the two
columns provided.
QUESTION 13: The interviewer should check whether the household hired ANY PERSONS to work
for the household fishing business. (A zero response in questions 10, 11 and 12 altogether). SKIP
INSTRUCTION: If the household did not hire any labor – (no) -skip to question 21. Otherwise,
continue the interview.
QUESTION 14: For households that did hire labor, we want some additional information. This
question determines if the hired workers were paid a fixed wage.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the hired workers were not paid in cash, skip to question 16. Otherwise, ask
question 15.
QUESTION 15: The question seeks to determine average amount paid to each hired worker per week.
The interviewer should help respondent to estimate for a week pay if the hired workers were paid daily.
Record the weekly payment in Naira to the three columns provided (i.e. Adult Males, Adult Females
and Children) accordingly.
QUESTION 16: The hired worker may also have been paid in-kind with fish. This question seeks to
determine whether the hired workers were given fish as part of remuneration.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is “no”, go to question 18. Otherwise, continue the interview.
QUESTION 17: If the response in question 16 is yes, seek to determine average quantity of FISH given
out as remuneration to each hired worker per week in the last 12 months. Record the quantity with
appropriate unit code to the columns provided for Adult Males, Adult Females and Children as expected
respectively. For units, “PIECE” and “HEAP”, be sure to show the respondent the appropriate photos
in the reference photo album to ensure they are providing an accurate quantity.
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QUESTION 18: The question seeks to determine whether the hired workers were given cash from
fishing activities as part of remuneration. This is different from Question 14 in that the cash is a portion
of fishing revenue.
SKIP INSTRUCTION: If the response is “no”, go to question 20. Otherwise, ask question 19.
QUESTION 19: If the response in question 18 is “yes”, ask for the average amount paid per week as
remuneration to each hired worker in the last 12 months. Record the amount in Naira to the columns
provided for Adult Males, Adult Females and Children (<15 years old)as expected respectively.
QUESTION 20: The question seeks to determine any other in-kind benefit paid as remuneration to
each hired worker per week in the last 12 months. Record the estimate cash value of in-kind benefit in
Naira to the columns provided for Adult.
QUESTION 21 & 22 COLLECT INFORMATION ON ANY ADDIITONAL COSTS
ASSOCIATED WITH FISHING ACTIVITIES.
QUESTION 21: The question seeks to determine whether there is any OTHER cost incurred from
raising FISH by the household in the last 12 months. The response is either yes (1) or No (2).SKIP
INSTRUCTION: If the response is No, end the interview. Otherwise ask question 22.
QUESTION 22: If the response in question 21 is “yes”, ask for the amount spent per week on the
following costs: fish feed, irrigation of fish pond/ pools, and fish nets maintenance. Record the cost
value in Naira to the columns provided as expected respectively.
END OF INTERVIEW.
SECTION A10: NETWORK ROSTER
The purpose of this section is to identify the individuals, organizations, firms, shops and government
offices that individuals deal with, particularly around agricultural production. This is to get the sources
of input for farmers through mentioned businesses. Also to obtain the source of market outlets for farm
outputs and so on.
The response would be obtained during the interaction with respondent and enumerator. During this
interview, you will come across a question that would refer to [SEE NETWORK ROSTER].
For example a question in SECTION 11D - Question 9 – “Since the new year, from whom did you
receive most of the FERTILIZER for free?”
ENUMERATOR: LIST UP TO TWO SOURCES IN THE NETWORK ROSTER AND THEN COPY
THE NETWORK CODES HERE” If the respondent said, “I got the fertilizer from Mr. Kareem in Wuse
Market, Abuja.” Instead of writing the response raw, go to the NETWORK ROSTER and interpret this
information. Then transform the response to the name (Mr. Kareem), Network (local market-Code 9)
and Location (Within the town – Code 4). Note that there is a network code printed and listed to the left
of name which started with N1. This N1 code should be written in the answer cell as response to the
question.
In another question, the response in the interview may be that he sold crops to Mr. Kareem. Check the
network roster to identify that Mr. Kareem in Wuse market has code N1. This N1 code could be repeated
since the sources are from the same person.
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Assume that the third question was SECTION 11I-Question 23 – “Who was your main provider for the
vaccination services?” ENUMERATOR: LIST UP TO TWO SOURCES IN THE NETWORK
ROSTER AND THEN COPY THE NETWORK CODES HERE. If the response was the vaccination
services obtained from Name (Moba LGA), Network (Government –code 17) and Location (Within the
state –code 6). This would be written in the second line of the Network Roster against N2. Pick N2 as
the Network code to be fixed into the appropriate column(s) in question 23 mentioned above.
NETWORK ROSTER TABLE
Network Code
Name
Network Name Code
Location Name Code
N1
Mr. Kareem
9
3
N2
Moba LGA
17
6
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USE OF GPS DEVICE: NAVIGATION OF GPSMAP62
INTRODUCTION:
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a piece of technology equipment used for variety of activities
(navigating, mapping, etc). The advantage of this technology over the old method of farm survey (i.e.
compass, pole and tape) is enormous. It is more accurate in measurement, faster, easier and requires
less number of people to use.
THE NAVIGATION OF GPSMAP62
Firstly, open the battery cage behind the device to load a pair of alkaline (lithium) battery as
appropriate.
Step 1: Switch on the GPS by pressing the POWER BUTTON for 1-2 seconds.
Step 2: Wait for at least two (2) minutes to allow the GPS to initialize.
Step 3: Press Page button to locate Main Menu. Wait for a second, a new menu that contains some
icons will be seen.
Step 4: Navigate to locate “set up” and press “enter”: a new menu that contains some icons will be
seen.
Step 5: Navigate to locate “system” and press “enter”; a list of menu would appear. Review as follows:
GPS change to ”normal” and interface change to ”NMEA In/out”.
Step 6: Press “quit” returning to the menu.
Step 7: Navigate to locate “display” and press “enter”; a list of menu would appear. Review as follows:
timeout change to ‘stay on’, and battery save change to ‘on’. Etc.
Step 8: Press “quit” returning to the menu.
Step 9: Navigate to locate “page sequence” and press “enter”; a list of menu would appear. Move to
“add page” and press “enter”. Highlight ”satellite” and press “enter”. Highlight “move” and press
“enter” - the satellite would go to Main menu page with red ink.
Move ”satellite” to the position of interest and press “enter”.
Step 10: Press “quit” returning to the menu.
Step 11: Navigate to locate “page sequence” and press “enter” - a list of menu would appear. Move to
”add page” and press “enter”. Highlight ”area calculation” and press “enter”. Highlight “move” and
press “enter” - the area calculation would go to main menu page with red ink. Move ”area calculation”
to the position of interest and Press “enter”.
Step 12: Press “quit”, returning to the menu.
Step 13: Navigate to locate “page sequence” and press “enter”. A list of menu would appear. Move
to ‘”add page” and press “enter”. Highlight ”track manager” and press “enter”. Highlight “move”
and press “enter” - the track manager would go to main menu page with red ink. Move ”track
manager” to the position of interest and press “enter”.
Step 14: Press “quit”, returning to the menu.
Step 15: Navigate to locate “units” and press “enter”. A list of menu would appear. Move to ”distance
and speed”; review as ”metric”, elevation change to ”meters (m/mm)”, depth, put ”meters” and
temperature, change to ”Celsius".
Step 16: Press “quit”, returning to the menu.
Step 17: Navigate to locate “time” and press “enter”. A list of menu would appear. Move to ”time
format” review as ‘24-hour’ and ‘time zone’ change to ‘Lagos’.
Step 18: Press “quit”, returning to the menu.
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Step 19: Navigate to locate “position format” and press “enter”. A list of menu would appear. Move
to ‘map datum’; review as ‘Minna’.
Step 20: Press “quit”, returning to the menu.
Step 21: Navigate to locate “heading” and press “enter”. A list of menu would appear. Move to
‘Display’; review as ”numeric degrees” and “north reference” change to “User” and go to “line”;
change to ”bearing (large)”.
Step 22: Press “quit”, returning to the menu.
Step 23: Navigate to locate “tracks” and press “enter” - a list of menu would appear. Move to ”track
log” review as ”record, show on map”. Record method pick, "auto”. Recording interval, put
”normal” and “auto archive”, change to ”daily”.
Step 24: Press “quit”, returning to the menu.
Step 25: Navigate to locate “map” and press “enter”. A list of menu would appear. Move to
”orientation”; review as ”track up”.
Step 26: Press “quit” twice, returning to the main menu.
Step 27: Navigate to locate “routing” and press “enter”. A list of menu would appear. Move to ”guide
method”; review as ”prompted” and calculate routes change to ”pedestrian”.
Step 28: Press “quit” twice, returning to the main menu.
Step 29: Press “power button” to shut down.
Step 30: Keep the device in a safe wallet.
TEST RUN
Step 1: Switch on the GPS by pressing the POWER BUTTON for 1-2 seconds.
Step 2: Wait for at least two (2) minutes to allow the GPS to initialize.
Step 3: Press page button to locate” satellite”. Satellites will continue to appear on the screen as bar
charts as well as on the circuit (greenish in colour). On screen top, the accuracy level in metre of the
GPS would be seen at right hand corner-side while the coordinates of the GPS location would be seen
at left hand side (latitude & longitude).
Step 4: Press “quit” and return to the list menu.
Step 5: Navigate to locate “area calculation” and press “enter” button. Be prepared to indicate the
starting point to walk round the boundary of the farm plot.
Step 6: Returning to the original starting point, wait a few seconds and press “enter”. Be prepared to
record the current track covered.
Step 7: A map would appear indicating Nigeria. “Calculate” would be highlighted; press “enter”.
Step 8: Record the area in square meter and press “enter” to save Track.
Step 9: A menu would appear indicating “enter name” on top, follow by the date of the current track.
Compose the name as you like. Navigate to “done” and press “enter”. The name typed would appear.
Step 10: Press “quit” and return to the Area calculation to start a new farm plot track. Continue
repeating Steps 5 – 9 till maximum satisfaction is reached.
Step 11: Having finished farm plot track at a location,
Step 12: Press “quit” and return to the list of menu.
Step 13: Navigate to locate “track manager” and Press “enter” button. The list of farm plots tracked
would be seen according to the name given to each of them.
Step 14: Navigate to highlight the plot of interest and press “enter”. The list of menu would be seen.
Navigate to “view map” to see the sketch of the movement around the plot.
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Step 15: Press “quit” twice, returning to the main menu.
Step 16: Repeat the same procedures to survey other plots (Farms).
Step 17: Press “power button” to shut the device.
Step 18: Keep the GPSmap62 device in a safe wallet for next schedule.
Tracking of Households
Attrition of the panel households is expected and it is recognized that, if not addressed, this attrition will
increase over time. Some of the common reasons for the attrition of households are:
Household moves from its original location and failure to track the household to the new location
Household members move to another household thus altering the composition of household
originally sampled
Household refuses to continue to participate
Death of household member(s)
In the GHS-Panel survey, efforts will be made to prevent attrition that could potentially arise through
households moving from one location to another. These efforts will include:
Collecting tracking information when interviewers visit households during the survey and
discover that they have moved. Household relocation could present as one of two possible
scenarios:
o
All members of the household moved together from the original location to a new
location
o
All members of the household did not move to the same new location (i.e. household
moved and split)
Tracking of households to their new location
Reintegration of tracked households into the sample for the following visit
In the next visit, a tracking questionnaire will be administered for households that have moved or moved
and split. The tracking questionnaire to be used is presented in the section below.
Administering the Tracking Questionnaire
The tracking Questionnaire (see Appendix 4) should be administered when the household is no longer
located at the address where it was found in the previous visit (i.e. Post-Planting, 2012). In cases where
individuals have left the household, this information will be captured in the household questionnaire, i.e.
Section 1: Household Roster Question 30.
There are a number of scenarios that could be encountered which could be clear indications that the
household has moved from its original location. These are:
1. The dwelling that was occupied by the household in the previous survey is now vacant
2. The dwelling is now occupied by a completely different household
3. The dwelling previously housing the household no longer exists (i.e. demolished, converted to a
business, etc.)
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In any of these circumstances, the interviewer should report to the supervisor that it appears that the
household has relocated. The interviewer, under the guidance of the supervisor should make efforts to
confirm that the household has moved. These efforts will include enquiring from:
Neighbors, community members or the leadership of the community – in that order
The new occupant of the household, in cases where the dwelling is occupied by a completely new
household. If information is not available from the occupant of the dwelling, then persons
identified in the categories above should be approached
Neighbors, community members or the leadership of the community – in that order – in the case
where the dwelling previously occupied by the household no longer exists
The information received about the relocation of the household should be ideally confirmed from alternate
sources in the community.
NOTE: If the household has moved to a location within the same compound or EA, then the
household should be found and the questionnaire administered; and the relocation (new address)
noted in the comments section on page 3 of the household questionnaire.
If the supervisors and interviewer are satisfied that the household has moved or moved and split, then:
1. This should be indicated by opening the household questionnaire on page 3 and placing a '6' as a
response to question 1: Status of Questionnaire. No further entry will be made in the household
questionnaire
2. A Tracking Form should be completed for the moved household
The Tracking Form
The Tracking Form consists of three sections:
1. Household Identification
2. Relocated Household Information and
3. Informant Identification
Section 1: Household Identification
The household identification section (up to QUESTION 9) should be filled from the household
questionnaire that was prepared for the household.
Question 8a: This question asks if all members of the household have died. This is a new addition to the
list of questions on the tracking form. If all members of the household have died, then you tick Yes and
end the administration of the tracking form. Note also that if all members of the household have died,
there is no need filling the main questionnaire.
Question 10: Should be filled based on information gathered from the community. The state officer or
supervisor should indicate the type of relocation of the household. We have also added a new option to
the Tracking Type to cater for households with all members deceased.
Section 2: Relocated Household Information
This section collects information about the date and nature of the move.
QUESTION 1: Note how the date should be entered. Effort should be made to get the most detail i.e.
day, month and year. If exact day is not available, try to get month and year; and if that is not available,
enter the year only.
QUESTION 2: If the move is not permanent, then this household has not relocated and we only need to
know the date when the household will be returning (Question 3) and the person(s) providing the
information (Section 3). If the move is permanent then we need to know the type of relocation.
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QUESTION 4: If household members have all moved together, then we need to know if this is within
Nigeria (Question 6). If they have not all moved together (move and split), then we need to know how
many parts they have split into (Question 5).
QUESTION 6: Whether households have moved as a whole or moved and split, we need to know whether
the move(s) are within Nigeria. If there is no move within that Nigeria to track, then we terminate this
section and record information on the informant(s) (Section 3). If there is/are a move(s) in Nigeria to track
then answer Questions 7-11b about the first new location of the household.
QUESTION 11b: If household has moved as a whole, terminate this section and provide information on
the informant(s) (Section 3). If household did not move together, then provide information on the locations
(within Nigeria) and the household members that went to these various locations. Start with the household
head and spouse(s) of the household head.
Section 3: Informant Information
This section must be filled irrespective of the status of the household. Every effort should be made to
obtain the information from multiple informants (provision has been made for up to three).
Phone number contacts for these informants is critical and of utmost importance. Supervisors and
interviewers should make all effort to obtain phone contact information for all informants.
Final Step
Tracking questionnaires should be returned to the State Officer. The State officer will complete the shaded,
"FOR STATE OFFICE USE ONLY", section on the cover page by:
Ticking the appropriate boxes,
Writing the state(s) and state code(s) to which the household has moved.
The State Officer will file these forms with its corresponding questionnaire for return to NBS
Headquarters.
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Appendix 1: Occupation Codes
S/N
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
International Standard Classification of Occupations
Legislators
Senior Government Officials
Traditional Chiefs & Head of Villages
Senior Officials of Political Party Organization
Senior Official of Employers, workers and other Economic interest Organizations
Senior Officials of Humanitarian and other Special-Interest Organizations
Directors & Chief Executives
Production & Operations Managers
Finance and Administration Managers
Personnel and Industrial Relations Managers
Sales and Marketing Managers
Advertising and Public Relations Managers
Supply and distribution Managers
Computing Services Managers
Research and Development Managers
Other Specialized Managers
General Managers in Agriculture
General Managers in Manufacturing
General Managers in Construction
General Managers in Retail & Wholesale Trade
General Managers in Restaurants and Hotels
General Managers in Transportation
General Managers in Business Services Firms
General Managers in Personnel Care, Cleaning Repairs and Related Services
Physicists and Astronomers
Meteorologists
Chemists
Geologists and Geophysicists
Mathematicians and Related Professionals
Statisticians
System Designers and Analysts
Computer Programmers
Other Computing Professionals
Architects, Town and Traffic Planners
Civil Engineers
Electrical Engineers
Electronic and Telecommunications Engineers
Mechanical Engineers
Chemical Engineers
Mining Engineers, Metallurgists and Related Professionals
Cartographers and Surveyors
Other Architects, Engineers and Related Professionals
Biologists, Botanists, Zoologists & Related Professionals
Bacteriologists, Pharmacologists & Related Professionals
Agronomists and Related Professionals
Medical Doctors
Dentists
Veterinarians
Pharmacists
Other Health Professionals (Except Nursing)
Nursing and Midwifery Professionals
Colleges, University & Higher Education Teaching Professional
Secondary Education Teaching Professionals
122
Code
1110
1120
1130
1141
1142
1143
1210
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
2111
2112
2113
2114
2121
2122
2131
2133
2139
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2211
2212
2213
2221
2222
2223
2224
2229
2230
2310
2320
S/N
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
International Standard Classification of Occupations
Primary Education Teaching Professionals
Pre-primary Education Teaching Professionals
Special Education Teaching Professionals
Education Methods Specialists
School Inspectors
Other Teaching Professionals not Elsewhere Classified
Accountants
Personnel and Careers Professionals
Other Business Professionals
Lawyers
Judges
Other Legal Professionals
Archivists and Curators
Librarians and Related Professionals
Economists
Sociologists, Anthropologist & Related Professionals
Psychologist
Social Work Professionals
Authors, Journalist & Other Writers
Sculptors, Painters & Related Artists
Composers, Musicians & Singers
Choreographers and Dancers
Film, Stage and Related Actors and Directors
Religion Professionals
Chemical & Physical Science Technicians
Civil Engineering Technicians
Electrical Engineering Technicians
Mechanical Engineering Technicians
Chemical Engineering Technicians
Mining and Metallurgical Technicians
Other Physical Science & Engineering Technicians
Computer Assistants
Computer Equipment Controllers
Photographers & Image & Sound-Recording Equipment Controllers
Broadcasting and Telecommunications-Equipment Controllers
Medical Equipment Controllers
Other Optical & Electronics Equipment Controllers not elsewhere classified
Ships' Engineers
Ships' Deck Officers & Pilots
Aircraft Pilot & Related Workers
Air Traffic Controllers
Air Traffic Safety Technicians
Building & Fire Inspectors
Safety, Health & Quality Inspectors (Vehicles, Processes & Products)
Life Science Technicians
Agronomy & Forestry Technicians
Farming & Forestry Advisers
Medical Assistants
Sanitarian
Dieticians and Nutritionists
Optometrists & Opticians
Dental Assistants
Physiotherapists and Related Workers
Veterinary Assistants
Pharmaceutical Assistants
Other Health Associate Professionals (Except Nursing)
Primary Education Teaching Associate Professionals
Pre-Primary Education Teaching Associate Professionals
123
Code
2331
2332
2340
2351
2352
2359
2411
2412
2419
2421
2422
2429
2431
2432
2441
2442
2445
2446
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2460
3111
3112
3113
3114
3116
3117
3118
3121
3122
3131
3132
3133
3139
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3151
3152
3211
3212
3213
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3310
3320
S/N
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
International Standard Classification of Occupations
Special Education Teaching Associate Professionals
Other Teaching Associate Professionals
Securities, Finance Dealers & Brokers
Insurance Representatives
Estate Agents
Travel Consultant Organizers
Technical & Commercials Sales Representatives
Buyers
Appraisers & Values
Auctioneers
Other Finance & Sales Associate Professionals
Trade Brokers
Clearing & Forwarding Agents
Labour Contractors & Equipment Agents
Other Business Services Agent & Trade Brokers
Administrative & Related Associate Professionals
Legal & Related Business Associate Professionals
Other Administrative Associate Professionals
Custom & Border Professionals
Government Tax & Excise Officials
Government Welfare & Pension Officials
Government Licensing Officials
Commissioned Police Officers & Detectives
Other Government Associate Professionals
Social Work Associate Professionals
Decorators & Commercial Designers
Radio, Television & Other Announcers
Street, Night Club & Related Musicians, Singers & Dancers
Clowns, Magicians, Acrobats & Related Workers
Athletes & Related Workers
Non-Ordained Religious Associate Professionals
Statistical & Finance Clerks
Stock Clerks
Production Clerks
Transport Clerks
Library & Filling Clerks
Mail Carriers & Sorting Clerks
Coding, Proof-Reading & Related Clerks
Scribes
Flight Attendants & Travel Stewards
Transport Conductors
Travel Guides and Ground Hosts
House Stewards and House Keepers
Waiters and Bartenders
Institution-based Personal Care Workers
Home-Based Personal Care Workers
Other Personal Care Workers
Hairdressers, Barbers, Beauticians & Related Workers
Companions and Valets
Undertakers and Embalmers
Other Personal Services Workers not Elsewhere Classified
Fashion and Other Models
Shop Sales Persons & Demonstrators
Stall and Market Salespersons
Field Crops & Vegetable Growers
Tree Shrub Crop Growers
Gardeners, Horticultural; Nursery Growers
Mixed Crop Growers
124
Code
3330
3340
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3421
3422
3423
3429
3431
3432
3439
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3449
3450
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3470
4122
4131
4132
4133
4141
4142
4143
4144
5111
5112
5113
5121
5122
5131
5133
5139
5141
5142
5143
5149
5210
5220
5230
6111
6112
6113
6114
S/N
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
International Standard Classification of Occupations
Dairy & Livestock Producers
Poultry Products
Mixed Animal Producers
Market Oriented Crop & Animal Producers
Forestry Worker and Loggers
Charcoal Burners & Related Workers
Aquatic Liege Cultivation Workers
Inland & Coastal Waters Fishery Workers
Deep-Sea Fishery Workers
Hunters and Trappers
Subsistence Agricultural and Fishery Workers
Miners & Quarry Workers
Short Fires and Blasters
Stone-Splitters, Cutters and Carvers
Builders Traditional Materials
Bricklayers, Stonemason & Tile Setters
Concrete Placers, Concrete Finishers and Terrazzo-Workers
Carpenter and Jointers
Other Building Frames and Related Workers
Roofers
Plasterers
Insulators
Glaziers
Plumbers and Pipe Fitters
Building and Related Electricians
Painters and Paperhangers
Metal Moulds and Core Makers
Welders and Flame-Cutters
Sheet-Metal Workers
Structural Metal Prepares and Erector
Riggers and Cable Splices
Under-Water Workers
Blacksmiths, Hammersmith's, Forging-Press Workers
Tool Maker, Metal Patter Makers and Metal Makers
Machine Tool Setter Operators
Metal Grinder, Polishers and Tool Sharpeners
Motor Vehicle Mechanics and Filters
Air Craft Engine Mechanics and Fitters
Electrical Mechanics and Fitters
Electronic Fitters and Services
Radio and Television Service
Telegraph and Telephone Installers
Electrical Line Installers Repairs & Cable Jointers
Precision Instrument Makers Repairs
Acoustical Musical Instrument
Jewelry and Precious metal Trade Workers
Potters and Related Clay and Abrasive Formers
Glass Formers, Cutters Grinder and Finishers
Glass Engrave and Etchers
Glass and Ceramic Painters and Decorators
Handicraft Workers in Wood and Related Materials
Handicraft Workers in Textile, Leather and Related Materials
Compositors and Type Setters
Stereotypes and Electrotypers
Bookbinders and Related Workers
Silk Screen, Block and Textile Printers
Meat and Fish Butchers and Preparers
Bakers, Pastry Cooks and Confectionery Makers
125
Code
6121
6122
6123
6130
6141
6142
6151
6152
6153
6154
6210
7111
7112
7113
7121
7122
7123
7124
7129
7131
7132
7133
7134
7135
7136
7141
7211
7212
7213
7214
7215
7216
7221
7222
7223
7224
7231
7232
7241
7242
7243
7244
7245
7311
7312
7313
7321
7322
7323
7324
7331
7332
7341
7342
7344
7345
7411
7412
S/N
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
International Standard Classification of Occupations
Food Beverage Testers and Graders
Tobacco Preparers and Tobacco Products Markers
Wood Treaters
Cabinet Makers & Related Workers
Wood Working Machine Setter Operators
Basketry Weavers, Brush Markers and Related Workers
Fibre Preparers
Weavers, Knitters and Other Hand Textile Products Makers
Tailors, Dress Makers and Hatters
Fur Tailor and Related Workers
Textile Patternmakers and Cutters
Sewers, Embroiderers and Related Workers
Upholsterers and Related Workers
Pelt Dressers, Tanners and Fell mongers
Shoe Makers and Related Good Workers
Mining plant Operators
Mineral Ore and Stone-Treating Plant Operators
Well Drillers and Borers and Related Workers
Ore Smelting Metal Converting and Refining Furnace Operators
Metal Melters, Casters and Rolling-mill Operators
Metal Heat - Treating Plant Operators
Metal Drawers and Extruders
Glass and Ceramic Kiln Operators
Other Glass & Ceramic Plant Operators
Sawmill, Wood Panel and Related Wood-Processing Plant Operators
Paper Pulp Preparation Plant Operators
Paper Making Plant Operators
Crushing Mixing & Grinding Equipment Operators
Cooking, Roosting & Related Heat - Treating Plant Operators
Filtering and Separating Equipment Operators
Still Reactor Operators
Petroleum Refining Plant Operators
Other Chemical-Processing Plant Operators
Power-Generating Plant Operators
Steam Turbine, Boiler & Engine Operators
Other Power Generating & Related Operators
Automated Assembly-Line Operators
Industrial Robot Operators
Cement and Other Mineral Processing Machine Operators
Pharmaceutical & Toiletry Products Machine Operators
Ammunition and Explosive Products Machine Operators
Metal Finishers, Plasters and Coaters
Photographic Products Machine Operators
Other Chemical Products Machine Operators
Type Making & Vulcanizing Machine Operators
Other Rubber and Plastics Machine Operators
Wood Products Machine Operators
Printing Machine Operators
Binding Machine Operators
Paper and Paperboard Product Machine Operators
Spinning and Winding Machine Operators
Weaving and Knitting Machine Operators
Sewing and Knitting Machine Operators
Textile Bleaching, Dyeing & Cleaning Machine Operators
Other Textile Product Machine Operators
Meat & Fish Processing Machine Operators
Dairy Products Machine Operators
Baked Goods Producing & Cereals Processing Machine Operators
126
Code
7413
7414
7421
7422
7423
7424
7431
7432
7433
7434
7435
7436
7437
7441
7442
8111
8112
8113
8121
8122
8123
8124
8131
8132
8141
8142
8143
8151
8152
8153
8154
8155
8159
8161
8162
8169
8171
8172
812
8221
8222
8223
8224
8229
8231
8239
8240
8251
8252
8253
8261
8262
8263
8264
8269
8271
8272
8275
S/N
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
International Standard Classification of Occupations
Sugar Processing and Refining Machine Operators
Tea Coffee Cocoa & Chocolate Preparing & Producing machine Operators
Tobacco Products Processing Machine Operators
Brewers, Wine & Other Beverage Machine Operators
Electrical Machinery Assemblers
Metal, Rubber & Plastic Products Assemblers
Wood Related Materials Products Assemblers
Other Stationery Machine Operators & Assemblers
Railway Engine Driver
Railway Barkers, Signalers & Shutters
Motorcycle Drivers
Cart, Taxi & Light Van Drivers
Bus & Train Drivers
Heavy Truck Drivers
Motorized Farm & Forestry Machinery Operators
Earth-Moving & Related Machinery Operators
Crane, Hoist & Related Material Moving Equipment Operators
Lifting -Truck Operators
Ship's Deck Crews & Related Workers
Street Foods Vendors
Street Vendors, Other Products
Door-to-Door & Telephone Sales Persons
Shoe Cleaning & Other Street Services
Domestic helpers and Cleaners
Helpers and Cleaners in Offices & Hotels & Related Workers
Hand Launderers and Pressers
Building Caretakers
Windows Cleaners
Messengers Package & Luggage
Watchers and Doorkeepers
Private Security Guards
Vending Machine Money Collectors and Meter Readers
Garbage Collectors
Sweepers and Related Labourers
Farmland & Labourers
Forestry Labourers
Fishery, Hunting & Tapping Labourers
Mining & Related Labourers
Construction & Maintenance Labourers Road, Dams & Similar Constructions
Building Construction Labourers
Assembling Labourers
Hand Packers and Other Manufacturing Labourers
Freight Handlers
Hand and Pedal Vehicle Drivers
Drivers and Operators of Animal-Drawn Vehicles and Machinery
127
Code
8276
8277
8278
8279
8282
8284
8285
8290
8311
8312
8321
8322
8323
8324
8331
8332
8333
8334
8340
9111
9112
9113
9120
9131
9132
9133
9141
9142
9151
9152
9153
9154
9161
9162
9211
9212
9213
9311
9312
313
9321
9322
9331
9332
9333
Appendix 2: Industry Codes
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION OF ALL ECONOMIC
ACTIVITIES (ISIC)
Notes: This is the International Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities
(ISIC) Rev. 3.1. This classification becomes final after being approved by the Statistical
Commission.
A - Agriculture, forestry and fishing
01 - Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities
02 - Forestry and logging
03 - Fishing and aquaculture
B - Mining and quarrying
05 - Mining of coal and lignite
06 - Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas
07 - Mining of metal ores
08 - Other mining and quarrying
09 - Mining support service activities
C - Manufacturing
10 - Manufacture of food products
11 - Manufacture of beverages
12 - Manufacture of tobacco products
13 - Manufacture of textiles
14 - Manufacture of wearing apparel
15 - Manufacture of leather and related products
16 - Manufacture of wood and o f products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of
articles of straw and plaiting materials
17 - Manufacture of paper and paper products
18 - Printing and reproduction of recorded media
19 - Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products
20 - Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products
21 - Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations
22 - Manufacture of rubber and plastic products
23 - Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products
24 - Manufacture of basic metals
25 - Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
26 - Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products
27 - Manufacture of electrical equipment
28 - Manufacture of machinery and equipment
29 - Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers
128
30 - Manufacture of other transport equipment
31 - Manufacture of furniture
32 - Other manufacturing
33 - Repair and installation of machinery and equipment
D - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
35 - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
E - Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities
36 - Water collection, treatment and supply
37 - Sewerage
38 - Waste collection, treatment and disposal activities; materials recovery
39 - Remediation activities and other waste management services
F - Construction
41 - Construction of buildings
42 - Civil engineering
43 - Specialized construction activities
G - Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
45 - Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
46 - Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles
47 - Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motor cycles
H - Transportation and storage
49 - Land transport and transport via pipe lines
50 - Water transport
51 - Air transport
52 - Warehousing and support activities for transportation
53 - Postal and courier activities
I - Accommodation and food service activities
55 - Accommodation
56 - Food and beverage service activities
J - Information and communication
58 - Publishing activities
59 - Motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording and music
publishing activities
60 - Programming and broadcasting activities
61 - Telecommunications
62 - Computer programming, consultancy and related activities
63 - Information service activities
K - Financial and insurance activities
64 - Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding
65 - Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security
129
66 - Activities auxiliary to financial service and insurance activities
L - Real estate activities
68 - Real estate activities
M - Professional, scientific and technical activities
69 - Legal and accounting activities
70 - Activities of head offices; management consultancy activities
71 - Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis
72 - Scientific research and development
73 - Advertising and market research
74 - Other professional, scientific and technical activities
75 - Veterinary activities
N - Administrative and support service activities
77 - Rental and lea sing activities
78 - Employment activities
79 - Travel agency, tour operator, reservation service and r elated activities
80 - Security and investigation activities
81 - Services to buildings and landscape activities
82 - Office administrative, office support and other business support activities
O - Public administration and defense; compulsory social security
84 - Public administration and defense; compulsory social security
P - Education
85 – Education
Q - Human health and social work activities
86 - Human health activities
87 - Residential care activities
88 - Social work activities without accommodation
R - Arts, entertainment and recreation
90 - Creative, arts and entertainment activities
91 - Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities
92 - Gambling and betting activities
93 - Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities
S - Other service activities
94 - Activities of membership organizations
95 - Repair of computers and personal and household goods
96 - Other personal service activities
T - Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods - and
Services - producing activities of households for own use
97 - Activities of households as employers of domestic personnel
130
98 - Undifferentiated goods - and services -producing activities of private households for own use
U - Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies
99 - Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies
The Classifications registry keeps updated information on Statistical
Classifications maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD).
131
Appendix 3: Sampling Considerations for the Conflict Module of the Panel Survey
1. Background and Objectives of the Conflict Module
Given the negative impact of the violent conflicts in some parts of Nigeria, it is important to measure
the effect of these conflicts on the socioeconomic characteristics of the population, including education,
health and poverty. Therefore the World Bank and NBS team working on the national Panel Survey
are developing a new conflict module for the Panel Survey.
2. Sample for Panel Survey
A sample of 500 EAs and 5,000 households were selected for Wave 1 of the Panel Survey from the
2010 General Household Survey (GHS) sample based on the National Integrated Survey of Households
(NISH) master sample. The sample for the Panel Survey was designed to provide reliable results and a
longitudinal analysis at the level of 6 zones of Nigeria. Since the conflicts are concentrated in particular
Local Government Areas (LGAs) within 16 states of Nigeria, there is concern that the number of panel
sample households in the conflict areas would be too small to provide reliable results for the conflict
indicators. For this reason it was decided to examine the possibility of selecting a supplemental sample
of households in the conflict areas to improve the level of precision for the conflict indicators.
3. Identification of Sample EAs in Conflict Areas
The following 13 states were identified as having the largest concentration of conflicts:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Adamawa
Bauchi
Bayelsa
Benue
Borno
Cross River
Delta
Kaduna
Kwara
Nassarawa
Plateau
Rivers
Yobe
One source of information on the geographic location of violent conflicts is the ACLED (Armed
Conflict Location and Event Data Project) database. This database includes information on the number
of conflict incidences by LGA in Nigeria since the year 2000. Therefore these data were used to identify
the LGAs with the highest concentration of conflict incidences between 2012 and 2014, within the 16
states identified as having the most problems with conflicts.
Different options were explored based on this sampling approach for the conflict study. A simulation
study was conducted to estimate the additional sample based on different criteria. First, we identified
the panel sample EAs in each LGA listed in the ACLED “conflict frequency” spreadsheet. That
spreadsheet does not include some LGAs, so it is assumed that the missing LGAs have less conflict, or
data are missing. Next we tabulated the total number of conflict incidences between 2012 and 2014 for
each LGA in the spreadsheet, since this is the period initially covered in the questionnaire. Then for the
13 states identified as having more conflicts we found the LGAs that had 5 or more conflict incidences
132
between 2012 and 2014, and which also have sample EAs in the Panel Survey. This survey has a total
of 72 sample EAs in the LGAs with 5 or more incidences of conflict (within the 16 states).
4. Sampling Strategy
It would be simpler and more cost-effective to select additional households in the current Panel Survey
sample EAs that are found in LGAs with a higher incidence of conflict than it would be to select
additional EAs. If we select 5 additional sample households in each of the 72 EAs in LGAs with 5 or
more incidences of conflict since 2012, this would add 360 sample households for the conflict study.
The Panel Survey has a sample of up to 10 households per EA (sometimes less due to attrition), so it
would be reasonable to select 5 additional households in the sample EAs that are in LGAs with 5 or
more conflict incidences. In this case a cross-sectional sample could be used for the conflict study,
consisting of all the panel households in the sample EAs and the additional sample households that are
selected in the 72 EAs.
5. Listing of 72 Sample EAs in Conflict LGAs
In order to have an updated frame for selecting 5 additional households in each of the 72 sample EAs
in conflict LGAs, it is recommended to conduct a new listing of households in each of these EAs. It is
important to ensure complete coverage of each sample EA by strictly following the map to identify the
EA boundaries.
6. Selection of 5 Additional Sample Households in Each Sample EA
In order to avoid selecting any panel sample household again from the updated listing, it will be
necessary to identify the 10 sample panel households in the new listing and exclude them from the
selection of the 5 new households. Once these households are excluded, the 5 additional households
will be selected using systematic random sampling.
The cross-sectional sample for the analysis of the conflict module data will consist of the panel
households from the current wave, and the 5 new households selected in each of the 72 sample EAs in
the conflict LGAs. New weights will need to be calculated for this cross-sectional analysis.
133
Appendix 4: Conflict Oversample States and EAs
Zone Name
State
State Name
LGA
Sector
EA
Number of HH
North East
2
Adamawa
205
2
712
5
North East
2
Adamawa
207
2
1302
5
North East
2
Adamawa
210
2
1300
5
North East
2
Adamawa
221
2
18
5
Subtotal
20
North East
5
Bauchi
502
1
2194
5
North East
5
Bauchi
502
2
3878
5
North East
5
Bauchi
508
2
718
5
North East
5
Bauchi
508
2
984
5
North East
5
Bauchi
518
2
1304
5
North East
5
Bauchi
518
2
1588
5
Subtotal
30
South South
6
Bayelsa
601
2
640
5
South South
6
Bayelsa
605
2
162
5
South South
6
Bayelsa
606
2
1372
5
South South
6
Bayelsa
607
2
1892
5
South South
6
Bayelsa
608
1
3978
5
South South
6
Bayelsa
608
2
748
5
Subtotal
30
North Central
7
Benue
702
2
632
5
North Central
7
Benue
705
2
4186
5
North Central
7
Benue
708
2
754
5
North Central
7
Benue
713
2
304
5
North Central
7
Benue
719
1
1612
5
Subtotal
25
North East
8
Borno
802
2
1152
5
North East
8
Borno
803
1
944
5
North East
8
Borno
805
2
46
5
North East
8
Borno
807
2
946
5
North East
8
Borno
807
2
1438
5
134
North East
8
Borno
807
2
2396
5
North East
8
Borno
811
1
1558
5
North East
8
Borno
811
2
390
5
North East
8
Borno
812
2
866
5
North East
8
Borno
816
2
1270
5
North East
8
Borno
817
1
2476
5
North East
8
Borno
820
2
1030
5
North East
8
Borno
821
1
1448
5
North East
8
Borno
821
1
5062
5
North East
8
Borno
823
2
548
5
North East
8
Borno
826
2
926
5
Subtotal
South South
80
9
Cross River
908
1
278
Subtotal
5
5
South South
10
Delta
1005
1
662
5
South South
10
Delta
1005
2
1374
5
South South
10
Delta
1008
2
1314
5
South South
10
Delta
1008
2
1718
5
South South
10
Delta
1012
2
936
5
South South
10
Delta
1025
2
1774
5
Subtotal
30
North West
18
Kaduna
1804
1
2690
5
North West
18
Kaduna
1808
2
1726
5
North West
18
Kaduna
1814
2
678
5
North West
18
Kaduna
1816
1
378
5
North West
18
Kaduna
1820
2
450
5
North West
18
Kaduna
1823
1
1822
5
Subtotal
30
North Central
23
Kwara
2308
1
556
5
North Central
23
Kwara
2308
1
5180
5
Subtotal
North Central
10
25
Nasarawa
2508
135
1
2788
5
North Central
25
Nasarawa
2509
2
248
5
North Central
25
Nasarawa
2511
2
1424
5
Subtotal
15
North Central
31
Plateau
3101
2
604
5
North Central
31
Plateau
3103
2
874
5
North Central
31
Plateau
3105
1
2914
5
North Central
31
Plateau
3109
2
1026
5
North Central
31
Plateau
3115
2
680
5
North Central
31
Plateau
3116
2
1344
5
Subtotal
30
South South
32
Rivers
3209
1
1208
5
South South
32
Rivers
3215
1
1896
5
South South
32
Rivers
3215
1
2978
5
South South
32
Rivers
3215
1
4712
5
South South
32
Rivers
3222
1
1624
5
South South
32
Rivers
3222
1
2780
5
South South
32
Rivers
3223
2
390
5
South South
32
Rivers
3223
2
578
5
Subtotal
40
North East
35
Yobe
3503
1
54
5
North East
35
Yobe
3506
2
1040
5
North East
35
Yobe
3507
2
746
5
Sub total
15
Total
360
136
Appendix 5: TRACKING FORM T1
138
139
140
141
Appendix 6: Field Work Form
General Household Panel Survey
Field Report Form
Date:
INTERVIEWER:
STATE:
LGA:
EA Code
HH NO.
Total Number
of
Questionnaires
Questionnaire
Number in HH
Questionnaire
Status
□Household
□Agriculture
□Complete
□Incomplete
□HH Refused
□Not Located
□HH Replaced
□Vacant
□Household
□Agriculture
□Complete
□Incomplete
□HH Refused
□Not Located
□HH Replaced
□Vacant
□Household
□Agriculture
□Complete
□Incomplete
□HH Refused
□Not Located
□HH Replaced
□Vacant
Explanation and Comments
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