Interviewer Manual PH 2016

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Federal Republic of Nigeria
National Bureau of Statistics Abuja, Nigeria
GENERAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY - PANEL
POST HARVEST (3rd WAVE, February, 2016)
INTERVIEWER
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
FEBRUARY, 2016
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 5
OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................................................ 5
COVERAGE ............................................................................................................................................................. 5
SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 2: SAMPLE DESIGN AND ORGANIZATION OF FIELD ACTIVITIES ......................................................... 7
SAMPLE DESIGN ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
Conflict Oversampling .................................................................................................................................... 8
THE MAIN SURVEY .................................................................................................................................................. 8
Survey Instruments ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Training for Fieldwork .................................................................................................................................. 8
1st Level Training for Trainers (TOT) ............................................................................................................ 9
2nd level training will take place in six (6) training centres ........................................................................... 9
Fieldwork Arrangement for Data Collection ............................................................................................... 10
Monitoring of Fieldwork .............................................................................................................................. 12
Coordination ................................................................................................................................................ 12
Retrieval ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Data Cleaning, Processing and Finalization ............................................................................................... 12
Report Writing ............................................................................................................................................. 13
Documentation/Dissemination/Archiving .................................................................................................... 13
Work Plan .................................................................................................................................................... 13
THE INTERVIEWER’S TASK: SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITIES .................................................................................................. 13
MATERIAL FOR THE INTERVIEWS ............................................................................................................................... 14
Maps ............................................................................................................................................................ 15
Flow of Material and Reports ...................................................................................................................... 15
CHAPTER 3: GENERAL SURVEY PROCEDURES ................................................................................................. 16
INTERVIEWS OF THE HOUSEHOLD ............................................................................................................................. 16
CONCURRENT DATA ENTRY OF QUESTIONNAIRES ........................................................................................................ 16
EDITING OF QUESTIONNAIRES .................................................................................................................................. 16
HOW TO USE THE FLAPS ......................................................................................................................................... 16
HOW TO READ THE QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................................... 17
UPPER AND LOWER CASE TEXTS (CAPITAL LETTERS AND SMALL LETTERS) ......................................................................... 17
DATA COLLECTION STRATEGY .................................................................................................................................. 18
HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE .................................................................................................................................. 22
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE .................................................................................................................. 24
HOW TO USE THE FLAPS ......................................................................................................................................... 28
3
UPPER AND LOWER CASE TEXTS (CAPITAL LETTERS AND SMALL LETTERS) ..................................................................... 29
PRE-FILLING QUESTIONNAIRE .................................................................................................................................. 33
CHAPTER 4: HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE .................................................................................................... 38
COVER ................................................................................................................................................................ 38
SECTION 1: ROSTER .......................................................................................................................................... 39
SECTION 2: EDUCATION FOR MEMBERS IN THE HOUSEHOLD .......................................................................... 45
SECTION 3A: LABOUR ....................................................................................................................................... 48
SECTION 4: HEALTH .......................................................................................................................................... 53
SECTION 4B: CHILD DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................................................. 62
SECTION 6: REMITTANCES ................................................................................................................................ 65
SECTION 6A: BEHAVIOUR ................................................................................................................................. 66
SECTION 6B: ATTITUDE ..................................................................................................................................... 67
SECTION 9: NON-FARM ENTERPRISES .............................................................................................................. 67
SECTION 10A: MEALS OUTSIDE THE HOUSEHOLD ............................................................................................ 71
SECTION 10B: FOOD CONSUMPTION AND EXPENDITURES .............................................................................. 72
SECTION 10C: AGGREGATE FOOD CONSUMPTION ........................................................................................... 74
SECTION 12: FOOD SECURITY ........................................................................................................................... 76
SECTION 13: OTHER INCOME ........................................................................................................................... 77
SECTION 15A: ECONOMIC SHOCKS ................................................................................................................... 80
SECTION 15B: DEATHS ...................................................................................................................................... 81
SECTION 15C: CONFLICT ................................................................................................................................... 82
CONTACT INFORMATION ................................................................................................................................. 83
CHAPTER 5: THE AGRICULTURAL QUESTIONNAIRE ........................................................................................ 86
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 86
COVER PAGE ..................................................................................................................................................... 87
SECTION A1: LAND ............................................................................................................................................ 87
SECTION A2: LABOUR ....................................................................................................................................... 91
SECTION 11C2: INPUT COSTS ............................................................................................................................ 94
SECTION 11D: FERTILIZER ACQUISITION ........................................................................................................... 98
SECTION A3I: CROP HARVEST ......................................................................................................................... 102
SECTION A3II: CROP DISPOSITION ................................................................................................................... 104
SECTION A4: AGRICULTURAL CAPITAL ............................................................................................................ 106
SECTION A5A: EXTENSION SERVICES (TOPICS) ................................................................................................ 107
SECTION A5B: EXTENSION SERVICES (SOURCES) ............................................................................................. 108
SECTION A9A: FISHING .................................................................................................................................... 110
SECTION A9B: FISHING CAPITAL & REVENUES ................................................................................................ 113
SECTION A10: NETWORK ROSTER ................................................................................................................... 115
USE OF GPS DEVICE: NAVIGATION OF GPSMAP62 ....................................................................................... 117
4
THE NAVIGATION OF GPSMAP62 ................................................................................................................... 117
TRACKING OF HOUSEHOLDS ........................................................................................................................ 119
ADMINISTERING THE TRACKING QUESTIONNAIRE ....................................................................................................... 119
THE TRACKING FORM ........................................................................................................................................... 120
Section 1: Household Identification ........................................................................................................... 120
Section 3: Informant Information .............................................................................................................. 121
APPENDIX 1: OCCUPATION CODES ............................................................................................................... 122
APPENDIX 2: INDUSTRY CODES .................................................................................................................... 128
APPENDIX 3: SAMPLING CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE CONFLICT MODULE OF THE PANEL SURVEY ............... 132
APPENDIX 4: CONFLICT OVERSAMPLE STATES AND EAS .............................................................................. 134
APPENDIX 5: TRACKING FORM T1 ................................................................................................................. 137
APPENDIX 6: FIELD WORK FORM ................................................................................................................. 142
5
Chapter 1: Introduction
Over the last few decades, Nigeria has experienced substantial gaps in producing adequate and timely
data to inform policy making. In particular, the country is lagging behind in the production of sufficient
and accurate agricultural production statistics. Except for the Harmonized National Living Standard
Survey (HNLSS), which covers multiple topics in a single survey, all other household and farm surveys
conducted by the NBS, which also cover a wide range of sectors do so in separate surveys; none of
which is conducted as a panel. As part of the efforts to continue to improve data collection and usability,
the NBS plans to streamline two of its current surveys into one panel survey that covers multiple sectors
with a focus to improve data from the agriculture sector. In 2010, the NBS implemented the post-
planting round of the first wave of the Nigerian General Household Panel Survey (NGHPS). The post-
harvest round of the first wave of the survey was conducted between February and April 2011. The
post-planting round of the second wave was conducted between September and November 2012; and
the post-harvest round between February and April 2013. The post-planting round of the third wave
was conducted between September and November 2015; and the post-harvest round is planned for
February to April 2016. By design, this survey is integrated fully into the current General Household
Survey (GHS).
Focused on the goal of improving agricultural statistics, the World Bank, through funding from the Bill
and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), will support seven countries in Sub-Saharan Africa in
strengthening the production of household-level data on agriculture. The over-arching objective of the
LSMS-ISA program is to improve our understanding of agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa –
specifically, its role in poverty reduction and how innovation and efficiency can be fostered in the
sector. This goal will be achieved by developing and implementing an innovative model for collecting
agricultural data in the region.
Objectives
To allow welfare levels to be produced at the state level using small area estimation techniques
resulting in state-level poverty figures
To create opportunities to conduct more comprehensive analysis of poverty indicators and
socio-economic characteristics by integrating the longitudinal panel survey with GHS
To support the development and implementation of a Computer Assisted Personal Interview
(CAPI) application for the paperless collection of GHS
To develop an innovating model for collecting agricultural data
To build capacity and develop sustainable systems for producing accurate and timely
information on agricultural households in Nigeria.
To actively disseminate agriculture statistics
Coverage
The survey will cover all the 36 states and Federal Capital Territory (FCT)
Both urban and rural enumeration areas (EAs) will be canvassed
Scope
The survey will cover a wide range of socio-economic topics which are highlighted in three different
questionnaires to be used for data collection. These are Household Questionnaire, Agricultural
Questionnaire and Community/Prices Questionnaire.
1. The post-harvest household questionnaire will be used to collect information on:
6
Household Identification
Household Member Roster, Demographic and Migration
Education Status
Labour (Adults and Children 5yrs+)
Health and Child Development
Remittances
Behavior and Attitudes
Non-Farm Enterprises and Income Generating Activities
Consumption of Food (Recall)
Non-Food Consumption Expenditure
Food Security
Other Household Income
Safety Nets, Economic Shocks and Deaths
Conflict
2. The post-harvest agriculture questionnaire will be used to collect information on:
Productivity of main crops, with emphasis on improved measures of:
Land Holdings
Family and Hired Labour
Input Costs
Fertilizer Acquisition
Quantification of Crop Production and Disposition
Agricultural Capital
Agricultural Extension Services
Other Agricultural Income Including Income from Agricultural By-Products
Fishing Capital and Revenue
3. The community questionnaire will be used to collect information on:
Assess to Community Characteristics Including Infrastructure
Access to Public Services, Social Networks, Governance, Investment Projects and Necessary
Community Empowerment etc.
Communal Resource Management
Changes in the Community and Key Events Leading to Changes
Community Needs, Actions and Achievements over the Past Years
Prices of Food Items at the Community Level
Conflict at the Community Level
7
Chapter 2: Sample Design and Organization of Field Activities
Sample Design
The 2006 Housing and Population Census conducted by National Population Commission (NpopC) was
used in preparation of the National Integrated Survey of Households (NISH) – 2007 – 2012 Master
Sample Frame (MSF). The NISH sample frame was used to select the sample of EAs from which the
Panel households were selected in 2010.
Specifically, the Panel sample design derives from the sample frames which were selected as explained
below.
1. Selection of the NISH Master Sample Frame:
- 30 master sample EAs in each LGA for that state are selected and pooled together
- Hence, the total number of EAs in each state is equal to 30 times the number of the LGAs
in the state except in FCT, Abuja where 40 EAs per LGA was selected.
- A systematic sample of 200EAs were selected with equal probability in each state
- The NISH EAs in each state were then divided into 20 replicates of 10 EAs each
2. Selection of the GHS Sample:
- The sample EAs for the GHS are based on a subsample of the NISH master sample, selected
as a combination of replicates from the NISH frame.
- A total of six (6) NISH replicates with 60 EAs for each state are identified in the frame with
NISH RIC 10 to 15
- At the second sampling stage, 10 households were systematically selected in each sample
EA for the GHS panel
- The GHS is designed to have a 50% rotation of the replicates of sample EAs each year,
providing a 50% overlap in the sample from one year to the next.
This sample rotation scheme serves to improve the estimates of trend over time when comparing the
GHS results from one year to the next. However, there is no overlap in the sample EAs for GHS rounds
of two (2) years apart.
GHS-Panel households were selected using the following methodology:
o Selection of a subsample of EAs and households that are included in GHS 2010/2011 by:
selecting GHS 500 EAs nationwide with the following allocation per zone
ZONE
Number of EAs
North-Central
80
North-East
80
North-West
90
South-East
80
South-South
80
South-West
90
TOTAL
500
Distribution of EAs (at the state level) within each zone based on probability
proportional to size
Selection of 10 GHS households from each EA.
8
Conflict Oversampling
Given the negative impact of the violent conflicts in some parts of Nigeria, it is important to measure
the effect of these conflicts on the socioeconomic characteristics of the population, including education,
health and poverty. Therefore the World Bank and NBS team working on the national Panel Survey are
developing a new conflict module for the Panel Survey.
In this post-harvest assignment, additional 360 households will be scientifically selected and
interviewed in states identified as conflict states. See appendix 3 for a technical document on the
sampling strategy for the conflict household selection.
One limitation of the panel sample of households is that it suffers from attrition over time as some
households move, split or cease to exist. There is, however, a household tracking system that has been
put in place to follow the households that move or split in order to reduce the level of attrition and
measure the characteristics of these households.
The Main Survey
500 EAs will be canvassed throughout the Federation and FCT, Abuja
Ten (10) HHs will be studied in each EA, making a total of 5000 HHs to be interviewed
nationally
Number of EAs and HHs to be covered varies from state to state
Survey Instruments
The survey instruments to be used are:
Household Questionnaire
Agricultural Questionnaire
Community/Prices Questionnaire
Interviewer and Supervisor Instruction Manuals
EA Line Maps and Selected HH Lists
Handheld GPS Navigator
Measuring Boards
Digital Scales
Laptop and Printer
Training for Fieldwork
Two levels of training will be mounted
1. 1st level of training at the NBS Headquarters, Abuja (TOT)
2. 2nd level training at the three (3) zonal centers, and Nasarawa State:
South-West and North-Central zones–Ibadan (Oyo State)
South-East and South-South zones – Enugu (Enugu State)
North-East Zone, and North-West zones – (Nasarawa State)
9
1st Level Training for Trainers (TOT)
1. Participants to be trained will include:
30 senior staff of NBS, FMA&RD, FMWR & NFRA from headquarters
9 coordinators comprising directorate staff members of the NBS
Among the participants:
o 19 senior staff of NBS, 3 for each zonal centre will serve as trainers for the main
survey
o 9 directorate members of NBS will serve as coordinators for six (6) centres
o World Bank Officials
2. Training will last for five (5) days
2nd level training will take place in six (6) training centres
1. Participants to be trained will include:
Zonal Controllers
State Officers
Supervisors
Interviewers, and
Data Entry Operators
2. Training will last for 7 days for theory, one (1) day for field practice, one (1) day for pre-filling
and two (2) day for data cleaning. Data cleaning will be undertaken by interviewers, data entry
staff, supervisors, and HQ IT trainers only.
10
Distribution of Training Participants by States (Training Center)
S/N
Training
Centres
No of
Participants
1
South West
(Ibadan)
71
2
South-South
(Calabar)
53
3
South East
(Enugu)
54
4
North Central
(Ibadan)
63
5
North East
(Nasarawa)
63
6
North West
(Nasarawa)
67
Fieldwork Arrangement for Data Collection
A team comprising supervisor, interviewer(s) and data entry operator will be used per state and FCT,
Abuja, although number of team(s) will differ from state to state (see Table 2 below). The teams will
move in roving manner and data collection using concurrent data entry is expected to last for 26 – 41
days, depending on the workload per team.
Distribution of sample size, Allocation of EAs, HHs to be covered, Field Personnel, and Number of
Days for fieldwork by Zone and State for the GHS Post Harvest Main Survey 2016:
11
New Distribution of Workload and New Number of Days for Fieldwork By State
S/N
State
No of
Teams
No of
HHs
covered
before
No of
HHs to be
covered
Now
Extra
HHs to
be
covered
No of
Days for
fieldwork
before
Extra
Days
Additional
days for
transportation
Total No.
of Days
Now for
fieldwork
1
Abia
1
96
101
5
25
2
27
2
Adamawa*
1
114
135
21
25
5
3
33
3
Akwa-ibom
1
139
146
7
32
2
34
4
Anambra
2
196
204
8
25
2
27
5
Bauchi*
2
167
197
30
25
4
3
32
6
Bayelsa*
1
52
88
36
32
6
3
41
7
Benue*
2
152
181
29
25
4
3
32
8
Borno*
2
86
284
198
23
7
3
33
9
Cross River*
1
118
129
11
30
3
3
36
10
Delta*
2
123
157
34
22
5
3
30
11
Ebonyi
1
139
142
3
32
2
34
12
Edo
1
93
95
2
25
2
27
13
Ekiti
1
60
69
9
24
3
27
14
Enugu
1
125
128
3
32
3
35
15
FCT
1
35
37
2
27
1
28
16
Gombe
1
76
77
1
27
2
29
17
Imo
2
180
184
4
29
2
31
18
Jigawa
1
125
127
2
27
2
29
19
Kaduna*
1
102
144
42
27
4
3
34
20
Kano
2
192
194
2
23
2
25
21
Katsina
2
177
177
-
29
1
30
22
Kebbi
1
98
99
1
27
2
29
23
Kogi
1
119
124
5
27
2
29
24
Kwara*
1
113
130
17
27
3
3
33
25
Lagos
2
136
153
17
27
3
30
26
Nasarawa*
1
66
83
17
32
2
3
37
27
Niger
2
181
182
1
25
2
27
28
Ogun
1
85
101
16
27
3
30
29
Ondo
1
94
115
21
32
3
35
30
Osun
2
154
155
1
29
2
31
31
Oyo
2
165
185
20
25
6
31
32
Plateau*
1
110
141
31
27
4
3
34
33
Rivers*
2
185
238
53
22
6
3
31
34
Sokoto
1
81
81
-
32
1
33
35
Taraba
1
84
92
8
27
2
29
36
Yobe*
1
105
142
37
30
4
3
37
37
Zamfara
1
91
91
-
22
4
26
* Conflict States
Monitoring of Fieldwork
Senior staff from NBS, FMA&RD and NFRA will be involved in the monitoring and supervision
exercises. The monitoring officers will ensure proper compliance with the laid down procedures as
contained in the manual.
All states and FCT Abuja will be monitored
There will be 3 levels of monitoring
o The first and third levels will be carried out by the technical staff from NBS
headquarters and staff from FMA&RD and NFRA headquarters.
o The second level will be carried out at the state level by the State Officers and Zonal
Controllers.
One Headquarter monitoring officer will be assigned to 2states
The monitoring exercise will be arranged such that the first level will take off
during the commencement of the fieldwork
o The third, not later than a week to the end of the data collection exercise
In between the 1st and 3rd levels of monitoring, the state officers and zonal controllers will
monitor throughout their respective states.
o The state officer will monitor in his/her own state
o The zonal controller will monitor in at least 2 states (the zonal headquarters state and
one other state of the same zone)
1st and 3rd round of monitoring exercise will last for eight (6) days each while the 2nd round will
last for ten (10) days for state officers and seven (7) days for zonal controllers
Monitoring instruments will be developed and discussed during training of trainers
Coordination
Directorate members of staff of NBS will coordinate the survey. Activities to be coordinated will
include:
Zonal Training
Field Work
Data Processing/Analysis/Report Writing
Coordination will last for six (6) days
Retrieval
All completed and edited questionnaires by each team will remain in the custody of the field supervisor
even after the data has been captured by data entry operators.
The supervisor will submit the completed and edited questionnaires to the NBS state officer. He /she
will coordinate the forwarding of all completed questionnaires, softcopy records, laptops and printers
to the NBS Headquarters in Abuja.
Data Cleaning, Processing and Finalization
Data cleaning and processing will be an ongoing operation while the data is being collected in the field
and after. Field staff and data entry operators will be required to respond to data quality enquires from
HQ. There will also be a joint review of the data by HQ and field staff to ensure that the data collected
is of the highest quality. The work of field staff (including data entry operators) will be completed only
when the data has been signed-off as being satisfactory by the HQ and the World Bank.
13
Report Writing
Senior and experienced report writers from NBS and the collaborating agencies will write the report.
Report will be written in such a way to make it useful to:
Users
Policy Makers
Planners
Researchers
Documentation/Dissemination/Archiving
Data management toolkit will be used to:
1. Document
2. Disseminate Data
The results will also be published and written on CD and hosted on NBS website and other collaborative
agencies websites for further dissemination
Work Plan
S/n
Activity
Duration/ Period
1
Planning and Preparation
Nov. 2015 – Jan. 2016
2
Training of Trainers
1st – 5thFeb. 2016
3
Zonal Training
8th – 19th Feb. 2016
4
1st Visit: Fieldwork – Post-Harvest
22nd Feb. – April 2016
5
1st Monitoring (HQs Technical Team)
22nd – 28th Feb. 2016
6
2nd Monitoring (State Officers/Zonal Controllers)
22nd Feb. – April 2016
7
3rd Monitoring (HQs Technical Team)
31st March – 5th April 2016
8
Tracking
15th April – 20th May 2016
9
Second data entry
10th April – 30th May 2016
10
Data Cleaning
April – June 2016
11
Data Processing and Analysis
June – August 2016
12
Wave 4
August 2017
The Interviewer’s Task: Specific Responsibilities
To participate actively in and to complete training course.
To study this manual and other instructions carefully in order to understand them fully.
To comply with instructions and recommendations contained in the manual and any instruction
given by persons responsible for the survey, including the supervisor and survey management
team.
14
To carry out interviews through personal visits to households so as to interview each individual
as specified in certain modules; and by that way, collecting the information directly. Do not
forget that interviewer’s task cannot be delegated or transferred to anybody else.
To complete interview with all household members. To visit household as many times as
necessary, in order to find the direct respondent, to correct inaccurate information or to
complete incomplete information.
Remember: The interviewer is obliged to make him/herself fully available for work in the
Panel Survey, thus he/she must be available for carrying out the survey tasks at any time the
respondent specifies as the most convenient for him/her: weekend, holidays, evenings, etc.
During the interview, to behave professionally and formally in accordance with the important
work he/she performs.
To visit households in decent and professional outfit, bearing in mind that this is an important
aspect of ensuring cooperation from the household and good quality data.
To come to work on time according to the supervisor’s instructions.
To make him/herself available at the times he/she is needed during the survey implementation.
To insert occupation and other codes after the interview, as instructed in this manual
To complete given assignment on a daily basis and to hand over to the supervisor all filled
questionnaires with information obtained properly recorded, every day.
To perform all scheduled interviews at the time they are planned. Where it is not possible to
interview any of the selected households, the interviewer should inform his/her supervisor, who
will take the decision on necessary changes in accordance with appropriate procedures.
Remember that the interviewer is not allowed to select the replacement household for interview.
Activities that are NOT Allowed
The work of the interviewer cannot be transferred to anybody else. In other words, no one else
can do the interviewer’s work.
No one involved in the survey (interviewer, supervisor, data entry operator) can be engaged in
any other job during the survey. Work on the survey is a full-time job throughout the duration
of the survey.
The interviewer is not allowed to amend any information obtained from the respondent.
The interviewer must not disclose, repeat or comment on any information obtained from the
respondent, nor show complete questionnaire to any other person but his /her supervisor or
other project staff. Remember that information given by the respondent is confidential.
Do not bring anybody who is not a work team member to any interviews with respondents.
Do not pressure respondents nor entice them to answer by making false promises or offers.
All collected information must be handed over to the supervisor without any amendments such
as changing, adding (except in the case of occupation and other codes) or erasing information.
Material for the Interviews
Documents and materials, which the interviewer needs for his/her work, is given to him/her by the
supervisor at the beginning of the field work.
It includes:
ID card provided by the National Bureau of Statistics
A map of the area where interviews will take place.
List and addresses of households to be interviewed.
15
GHS Panel Survey questionnaires
Interviewer Instruction Manual
Auxiliary forms
Stationary needed for work.
Maps
Before starting household interviews, the interviewer should, together with his/her supervisor,
familiarize themselves with selected enumeration areas and exact location of the selected
households. To that end, the interviewer should study the maps of all enumeration areas together
with the list of households.
The interviewer should understand the distribution of the sample (selected households), how they
are located in relation to each other and the roads and paths that will have to be used. This will help
plan his/her field work appropriately.
Flow of Material and Reports
The interviewer will hand over to his/her supervisor properly filled questionnaires and detailed
report in the required format, on completed field work, which would include:
1. Summary results of conducted interviews: number of completed questionnaires, list of
households which could not be located, or which have partly or completely refused (and at
which stage) cooperation.
2. Any issue or problem faced in the field, e.g. in terms of maps, household identification,
incomplete questionnaires, respondents’ behavior and opinion, scheduled subsequent visits,
absent household members, etc. in order to resolve problems in the field.
3. Any other observation that the interviewer thinks the supervisor should be informed about
for the sake of successful work.
16
Chapter 3: General Survey Procedures
Interviews of the Household
The interviewer must follow all the instructions as laid out in this manual
Concurrent Data Entry of Questionnaires
The data entry operation will be part of the general field work activities. The field team in each state
will be made up a field supervisor, interviewers and a data entry operator. The data entry person will
be provided with a laptop computer and printer, and will be available to enter the questionnaires each
day as they are returned. Ideally, the data entry person will be located at a place where it will be
convenient for the delivery of most of the questionnaires as the interviewers move across the state. This
might include being based at the state NBS office at some stage of the field work operations.
In the concurrent data entry method, whenever data is received from a household, complete or not, the
questionnaire involved should be submitted to the data entry person for entry. The data entry program
will be designed to provide an error report based on the entered questionnaire. This report will include
discrepancies such as inconsistencies, incomplete households or sections and out-of-range values. The
data entry system will also produce a report which will show where there is satisfactory completion of
a questionnaire.
Interviewers will receive a report along with the questionnaires that have been entered and returned
each day and this will be used to guide the interviewer action for that day. The error reports will be
given to the team supervisor who will review and approve the work that has to be done before passing
it on to the interviewer. The supervisor will have the facility to override errors indicated on the report
where these have been examined and certified as valid entries by the supervisor.
Editing of Questionnaires
This model of concurrent data entry does not include a person dedicated to the responsibilities of editing
and coding of questionnaires. Several questions will need to be coded by the interviewer before handing
the questionnaire to the supervisor. For example, in Section 3 of the Household Questionnaire,
questions 13 and 25 require that occupation information be given in descriptive terms. These
descriptions will need to be coded into the standard occupation classification codes before the
questionnaire is delivered to the data entry operator for entry. This coding must be done by the
interviewer. At the time of the interview, the interviewer will write-in the description of the respondent’s
occupation and immediately after the interview, insert the appropriate code for that occupation from a
listing that will be provided to each interviewer. The supervisor double-checks the code entry made by
the interviewer and will generally include the occupation code as a check, when reviewing the error
report with the questionnaire.
How to Use the Flaps
There is one flap in the Household Questionnaire. After the cover has been completed, the next step is
to open Flap A. All the information on this flap should be completed for the household. The row where
a person’s name is placed on the flap will be the row in which all the information about that person will
be given in sections 1 to 6. The flap is kept open so that the row that corresponds to the person will
always be visible.
17
Figure 1
How to Read the Questions
Each question should be read clearly and exactly as presented in the questionnaire. You should make
sure that the way the question is read preserves the sense of the English question, rather than a word by
word translation. If you have questions about how to phrase a question, you should ask your supervisor
and refer to your notes from the training, where the phrasing of questions in local language will be
discussed in detail. After reading the question, time should be allowed for the respondent to answer. If
it appears the respondent did not hear the question, it should be read again and time allowed for a
response. In cases where there has to be translation, the question should be translated as literally as
possible.
Upper and Lower Case Texts (Capital Letters and Small Letters)
Text written in upper case (capital) letters are instructions to the interviewer and should not be read to
the respondent. Other texts that you will see written with upper case letters are lists and codes. These
also should NOT be read to the respondent.
Text written in lower case (small) letters SHOULD be read directly to the respondent.
For example, in Question 9 (see Figure 2 below), you should read: “In what year did you get married
to your current spouse?”. You should not read the text below that because it is written with upper case
(capital) letters. The text in upper case letters is an instruction to you.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. 8.
I
N
D
I
V
I
D
U
A
L
I
D
NAME
What is the
sex of
[NAME]?
What is [NAME]'s
relationship to the
head of household?
IS THIS PERSON
A NEW
MEMBER OF
THE
HOUSEHOLD
(ADDED ON
THIS VISIT)?
I
N
D
I
V
I
D
U
A
L
I
D
What is [NAME]'s
marital status?
INTERVIEWE
R: IS THIS
PERSON A
MALE IN A
POLYGAMOU
S MARRIAGE?
MALE....1 YES.1 YES.1
FEMALE..2
YEARS DAY MONTH YEAR
1 EMMA EZE 1 1 40 2 1 1 1 1970 1 2
2 MARY EZE 2 2 38 2 2 5 4 1972
3 OCHE EZE 1 3 8 2 3
4 AKI EZE 1 3 5 2 4
6.
How old is
[NAME] (IN
COMPLETED
YEARS)?
IF RESPONDENT
DOESN'T KNOW,
USE YEAR OF
BIRTH TO
CALCULATE AGE
OR USE MAJOR
EVENTS LISTED
IN ENUMERATOR
MANUAL TO
PROMPT
RESPONDENT.
In what day, month and year
was [NAME] born?
WRITE "99" FOR MONTHS AND
DAYS IF RESPONDENT DOES
NOT KNOW. IF THE AGE IS
GIVEN THE YEAR IS NOT
KNOWN, THE YEAR SHOULD BE
ESTIMATED FROM THE AGE IN
Q4.
CHECK THAT AGE IN QUESTION
4 AND YEAR OF BIRTH IN THIS
QUESTION ARE CONSISTENT.
NO..2 (►Q7)
NO..2
(►Q11)
HEAD............1
SPOUSE..........2
OWN CHILD.......3
STEP CHILD......4
ADOPTED CHILD...5
GRANDCHILD......6
BROTHER/SISTER..7
NIECE/NEPHEW....8
BROTHER/
SISTER-IN-LAW..9
PARENT.........10
PARENT-IN-LAW..11
DOMESTIC HELP
(RESIDENT).....12
DOMESTIC HELP
(NON RESIDENT).13
LIST HOUSEHOLD
HEAD ON LINE 1.
MAKE A COMPLETE
LIST OF ALL
INDIVIDUALS WHO
NORMALLY LIVE AND
EAT THEIR MEALS
TOGETHER IN THIS
HOUSEHOLD,
STARTING WITH THE
HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD.
(CONFIRM THAT
HOUSEHOLD HEAD
HERE IS SAME AS
HOUSEHOLD HEAD
Married
(monogamous)..1
Married
(polygamous)..2
Informal
Union.........3
Divorced......4
( Q13)
Seperated.....5
( Q13)
Widowed.......6
( Q13)
18
Figure 3
Data Collection Strategy
Different Number of Visits: The questionnaire modules can be filled during one or more visits,
depending on the level of cooperation from the household, household size, time and availability of direct
respondent at the time of interview.
Where certain household members are not at home, the interviewer should schedule another visit to the
same household when that person is expected to be at home and available for interview. That other visit
should be scheduled during the period when it is envisaged that the interviewer would be in that area.
Direct Respondent Interviews: In this survey, unlike many other surveys, we collect data directly
from the respondents. This is in contrast to surveys where the head of household or his/her spouse is
the only respondent, who answers on behalf of all household members. Instead, in the GHS Panel
Survey, each person 5 years and above should respond directly to the interviewer for him/herself. For
children under 5, a parent or care giver is respondent. The only exception to the age limit rule is where
there are other respondent age restrictions as indicated in the various sections of the questionnaire.
In some cases a household member may be away from home during the whole period when the
interviewer is in that area or the member might be in poor health/disability and cannot answer the
questions for him/herself. It might also be that the individual is not allowed to answer. In such cases,
the interviewer can ask the most knowledgeable person to answer instead of household member that is
unavailable.
In order to collect information directly from each household member, interviewers should visit the
household as many times as necessary to get information from each individual member. Compliance
with these procedures would ensure quality, reliability and accuracy of collected and entered
questionnaire data.
1. Data Entry and Correction of Inconsistencies: Immediately after each visit, data will be
entered and checked for consistency and completeness. Information would be revealed on
any inconsistency, error or omissions, and the supervisor would inform the interviewer on
all such corrections which are to be made on a return visit. This system enables data
correction by the ones who are most competent to do it: the respondents who gave the
original answers themselves.
2. Organization of Work: In order to enable implementation of this methodology, workload
by interviewer per certain period of time is to be defined. The interviewer is responsible to
complete such work during the given time.
19
Keep in mind that the households to be interviewed could have different cultural background and
different reactions, attitudes and behavior in terms of the survey. The interviewer would have to interact
with households of different structure, social and economic status, different level of education,
employment status, habits, religion, etc. It means that the interviewer should have to develop significant
capability of understanding and communication in order to be able to establish good relation with
different persons, and that way to achieve success in different situations which he/she could face during
the survey, particularly difficult ones. Besides the above mentioned, the interviewer must establish
confidence with the respondent, which would enable him/her to get reliable and positive survey results.
1. Access to Information: The moment when the interviewer and respondent meet for the first time
is crucial for interview success. Thus, first impression is important, interviewer’s appearance;
his/her attitude at the very beginning and what he/she says are crucial for further work. Interviewers
should be properly and professionally dressed for their work.
Once selected households are located, the interviewer should ask to talk to the head of the household
or his/her spouse. He/she should kindly and in a friendly manner greet the person and introduce
him/herself. Then the interviewer should explain briefly and concisely the purpose of the survey,
importance of the project and the need for cooperation by all household members in carrying out
the GHS Panel Survey in Nigeria.
An example of how the interviewer could introduce him/herself is as follows:
“Good morning/afternoon, I work for National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), which is
implementing General Household Panel Survey. Your cooperation and answers would be
extremely important since they reflect status of many of our citizens who live in similar
conditions. I would appreciate if you and your household members participated in this survey,
answering to a group of questions on different topics. We would ask for your cooperation in
providing information about your household and services you receive, as well as about
individual members of your household. We would also like information about your expenditures
on food, as well as your family’s enterprise and agricultural activity.
It is important that the interviewer has a friendly attitude towards the respondent with self-confidence.
If the interviewer gives the impression of nervousness or insecurity, he/she would not provide enough
confidence to the respondent in order to obtain the necessary cooperation, participation and attention.
The interviewer should always try to maintain the same mood throughout the interview - if the
respondent for any reason gets tired or disturbed, allow a few minutes break or offer to return the
following day or the next most convenient time.
2. Communication: Communication is to be established after the interviewer introduces him/herself,
explains that this survey is being implemented throughout the country and informs the respondent
of the value of cooperation for those who would analyze options for addressing existing problems
in the country, until the interviewer becomes ready to start filling the questionnaire. During this
short period, the interviewer must explain the purposes of the survey, and emphasize that collected
data are confidential. The latter is crucial to avoid any fear of misuse of the answers given. All
data would be used for statistical purposes, and the data which identify in any way any person or
any household would not be used.
Keep in mind that at the beginning of the interview, level of attention, communication, confidence,
participation and data provision is low. Interviewer’s task is to gradually increase the respondent’s
attention and interest and to maintain it at the highest possible level throughout the interview.
Rhythm of the survey, tone of questions, adequate speed in question formulation, dynamics of the
interview itself, knowledge about the questions and their order are all factors that determine success
of the interview. If the interviewer reads questions with monotonous or nervous voice, or without
any rhythm, the obtained information is likely to be of poor quality and the respondent would not
be interested to answer.
The interviewer should not give the impression that he/she considers him/herself an important
person because of the assignment he/she performs on behalf of the government institution. He/she
should be open, friendly and decisive and show that he/she is an experienced professional person.
20
He/she should not be authoritative or aggressive. Best communication can be established when the
respondent sees that the interviewer is honest and up to his/her task.
3. The Interview: When the interview starts, try to comply continuously with the following
instructions:
Plan sufficient time for the interview
Behave appropriately throughout the interview
Do not give any information about which we are not sure, it is better to seem uninformed, but
honest. To avoid any conversation or attitude, which could lead to a discussion or argument
with the respondent, limit the conversation to the survey topics only
Give neither promises nor offer anything as an incentive for the respondent to participate in the
survey
To the extent possible, try to avoid conducting the interview in the presence of a person, who
is not a household member; the respondent could give different answers in the presence of
another person
Do not show surprise by any answer given by the respondent, either by the tone of your voice
or action
Comply strictly with the order and format in asking questions from the questionnaire. In other
words, comply strictly with instructions given. Any modification could jeopardize the integrity
of the information
Read questions without applying any pressure on the respondent in any way. Never say
something like: "You worked last week, right?”. Never assume that you know the answer in
advance
In terms of the rhythm of the interview, keep in mind that the interview consists of questions,
answers, moment of silence and breaks. Read questions, trying to keep the same rhythm all the
time, giving the respondent time to think about the answer. The interviewer must assess the
level of respondent’s understanding: question reading speed would depend on this. Besides, the
interviewer must pronounce every single word he/she reads clearly
Read obligatory questions literarily as they are written in the questionnaire (without any
modification). In the case that the respondent does not understand it, read it again. If the
respondent does not understand it after the second reading, explain carefully to him/her the
purpose of the question, taking care not to amend in any way the original meaning of the
question and without any influence on the answer
Allow the respondent enough time to answer the question. Try to ensure that respondent does
not amend the meaning of the question. Do it in a friendly way - experience will show which
are best ways to achieve this
To complete the interview, express thanks for the information received - be kind. Try to make
good impression during the first visit to the household. Keep in mind that you would have to
come again to the same household
Do not offer copies of the questionnaire or any other material or anything else that the
interviewer is not authorized to distribute
When leaving the household, thank all the respondents for their cooperation in the survey, time
they spent and the efforts they invested
4. Concepts and Main Definitions: In order to manage the survey properly, a list of key terms have
been established, which should help interviewers in carrying out their work. Detailed definitions
are provided in relevant chapters on individual modules.
21
Population: Set of elements which make the whole. That could be all the people in a
country or an entity, all households, etc.
Sample: A part of population representing the whole population. Sample selection is a
subject of statistical methods that take into account characteristics of both the population
and individual members of the population
Direct Interview: Procedure by which information on certain person is collected directly
from the person. The person giving information on him/herself is a “direct respondent”
Reference Period: Period about which the respondent is asked questions. The survey uses
different reference periods depending on the type of required information, respondent’s
ability to remember and objectives of each topic to be analyzed
Household: Social unit consisting of one or more persons, who use joint accommodation
and food. In other words, a household is a group of persons, who normally live in the same
household unit (“live under the same roof”), who are or are not related and who eat together
(“eat from the same pot”)
Head of the Household: A person defined as such for the purpose of the survey,
irrespective of reason (the oldest by age, decision maker in the household, a person who
earns the most income, based on tradition, etc.)
Guest: A person, who uses joint accommodation and food free of charge together with
household members. A guest, who stays longer than six months is considered a household
member
Tenant of the Household: A person, who pays for accommodation in a part of a household.
This person is not a member of the household whether they eat on their own or prepare food
separately. Such tenant is considered a separate household
Students Who Study in Another Town: If supported by the household, are treated as
household members even though they are more than six months absent
Household Members: Anybody, who meets the following criteria:
Members
Non-members
A household member is present at the
moment of interview, if that is the place
where he/she spent at least 6 months of the
previous 12 months. The household head
should be listed as a member even if they did
not spend 6 of the previous 12 months in the
household.
Person absent from the household longer
than 6 months (including ones serving
military service, in prison, religious
service, etc.)
Person absent at the moment of interview, if
he/she is absent less than six months during
the previous 12 months.
Those who live elsewhere, visitors or
tourists who are in the household less than
six months.
Guests or other persons, who live in the
household longer than six months during the
previous 12 months.
Tenants, who eat and who do not eat with
the household.
Newborn babies irrespective of the duration
of their stay in the household, as well as the
head of the household.
Those, who eat in the household but live
elsewhere or live in the household but eat
elsewhere.
22
Students, who are absent longer than six
months but are supported by household
members.
Similar to tenants – students who pay for
accommodation and food to the household.
5. Organization of the Questionnaire. In order to maintain respondents’ attention to achieve good
rhythm of the interview, get information in such form that facilitates questionnaire filling. The
questionnaire is designed with specific structure and order by which the topic on which questions
are asked, are organized.
The questions in the questionnaires are organized into sections, which are ordered in sequences one
after another; and each is on one of the surveyed topics.
The interview must be carried out in exactly the same order defined in the questionnaire. The
following tables provide a list of sections and the topics covered. Detailed information on each
section can be found in subsequent chapters of this manual.
Household Questionnaire
Section
Topic
Respondent
Cover
Cover
To be completed by the field staff
1
Roster
To be filled by the head of
HOUSEHOLD or spouse.
2
Education
All individuals for themselves unless
under age 12; then collect the information
from parent or guardian
3
Labour
All individuals for themselves unless
under age 12; then collect the information
from parent or guardian
4A
Health
All individuals
4B
Child Development
Children 2 –18 years
6
Remittance
All individuals 10 years and above
6A
Behavior
All individuals 10 years and above
6B
Attitude
All individuals 10 years and above
9
Non-Farm Enterprises and Income
Generating Activities
Owner or manager of enterprise
10A
Meals Away from Home
Female in the household responsible for
food preparation and/or food purchases
10B
Food Consumption and Expenditure
Female in the household responsible for
food preparation and/or food purchases
10C
Aggregate Food Consumption
Female in the household responsible for
food preparation and/or food purchases
11
Non-Food Expenditures
Most knowledgeable person or person,
who is responsible for household
purchases
12
Food Security
HOUSEHOLD head or eligible adult
13
Other Household Income
HOUSEHOLD head or eligible adult
14
Safety Nets
HOUSEHOLD head or eligible adult
15A
Economic Shocks and Death
HOUSEHOLD head or eligible adult
23
Section
Topic
Respondent
15B
Death in the Household
HOUSEHOLD head or eligible adult
15C
Conflict
HOUSEHOLD head or eligible adult
16
Contact Information
HOUSEHOLD head or eligible adult
24
Agricultural Activity Questionnaire
Section
Topic
Respondent
Cover
Cover
To be completed by field Staff.
HOUSEHOLD ID must be copied from
HOUSEHOLD to Agriculture
Questionnaire.
A1
Land
Farmer, owner or manager of plot
A2
Labor
Farmer, owner or manager of plot
11C1
Input Cost
Farmer, owner or manager of plot
11D
Fertilizer Acquisition
Farmer, owner or manager of plot
A3i. & ii.
Agricultural Production Harvest of
Field and Tree Crops and Crop
Disposition
Farmer, owner or manager of plot
A4
Agricultural Capital
Farmer, owner or manager of plot
A5
Extension Services
Farmer, owner or manager of plot
A8
Other Agricultural Income:
Agricultural By-Product
Farmer or caretaker of animals
A9
(A and B)
Fishing Capital and Revenue
Owner of fishing operations
A10
Network Roster
Farmer, owner or manager of plot
6. Type of Information: The GHS Panel questionnaire requires different types of information
depending on the topic, which is to be analyzed, age, and level of details and accuracy of required
information.
7. Direct Response
In case of persons older than 12, such person is the direct respondent.
Besides, in sections on specific topic, such as consumption, agriculture and family business, direct
respondent is person who is most knowledgeable about this subject (enterprise owner, person who
does farming, person in the household in charge of supply, etc.).
See previous Table for information on the most suitable respondent for each module of the
questionnaire.
8. Questionnaire Filling: The questionnaire includes different elements:
Question: It is to be literarily read to the respondent based on which information required in
the survey is obtained. Each question is numbered
Answer Modality or Core: These are possible answers where the interviewer selects an answer
code, which is closest to the respondent’s answer. (Pay attention that in many questions, there
are no offered modalities but measured units to be used in the answer (year, KM, kg, etc.)
Answer Box: It is a place envisaged to enter given answer
Instruction for Interviewer: These are printed in CAPITAL letters, which facilitates survey
implementation
Skip Patterns: Questions are normally asked in order; one after another. However, in some
cases, given answer defines which question to ask next or which question is to be skipped.
Questionnaire uses certain marks, which show which question is to be skipped
25
9. Question Types: There are two types of questions used in the GHS Panel questionnaire:
Closed Questions a) Both question text and question code are read: For this type of question, the
interviewer must literally read both questions and slowly, one-by-one, list of offered codes. In such
questions both question and code are printed in small letters.
b) Only Question Text is Read: For this type of question, the interviewer reads only the text of
the question, waits for the answer and then selects corresponding code and enters it. In this type
of question, question text is printed in small letters and question codes are printed in CAPITAL
letters.
Open Questions: For this type of question, the interviewer reads only question text and then
enters answer exactly as given by the respondent. For such questions there are no offered
answers, and the interviewer enters either words or numbers depending on the question and
answer. “Respondent’s name” is an example of open question where the interviewer enters
words.
10. Note for the Interviewer
Anything printed in CAPITAL letters presents instruction for the interviewer and should not be read
loudly. CAPITAL letters are used in three cases:
Instructions for Interviewer: These are instructions for the interviewer on how to ask question,
how to enter data, what to do after the answer is given.
26
Example: As it could be seen in the question 15 from the Education Section below, whole
question is printed in small letters. It means that the interviewer reads whole question exactly
as it is written.
15.
What was the amount of the scholarship you
received in the 2011-2012 school year?
Example: Unlike the question 15, whole text taken from the Assets Section is printed in
CAPITAL letters. This question should not be read loudly – this is an instruction for the
interviewer and the interviewer has to do what he/she is requested and then move to the next
question, which requires information from the respondent.
I
T
E
M
LIST ALL THE ITEMS IN QUESTION 1 AND THE OWNER OF THE
ASSET IN QUESTION 2. IF MORE THAN ONE ITEM, WRITE A
DESCRIPTION OF THE ITEM BELOW, OTHERWISE WRITE ONLY
THE CODE OF THE ITEM.
DESCRIPTION
I
T
E
M
C
O
D
E
1
2
Brackets and Capital Letters: It means that the interviewer has to replace the word in the
brackets by another word, when he/she asks the question. In certain sections of the
questionnaire, the word “name” is often written in brackets [NAME]. In such cases this work
should be replaced by actual name of the person interviewed at that moment.
Figure 3 below shows Flap A open with a part of Section 1 – Roster, shown.
If Mrs. Onyido is the respondent on this section of the questionnaire, then following the rules of
filling-out the questionnaire, you would seek answers for the person in the first row of the section;
in this case, Mr. Onyido.
In asking the question, you should replace [Name] with the name of the person on the Flap. You
would read question 12 as follows:
27
“What is Mr. Onyido’s main religion?”
Example: As it is shown in question 1 (see Figure 4 below), the word animal is written in capital
letters in brackets. It means that the word ‘animal’ should be replaced by the name of specific animal
from the list below that question. Which means, when this question is asked first time, it would
read: “Since the New Year, have you or any member of your household raised or owned any Calf
Female?”, when asked for the first line.
Figure 4
1.
Since the new year, have you or any member of your household raised or
owned any [ANIMAL]?
ASK FOR EACH ANIMAL AND THEN ASK Q. 2-23 FOR EACH. IF
NONE, (►SECTION 11k)
YES………1
NO.………2(►NEXT ANIMAL)
101
CALF FEMALE
102
CALF MALE
103
HEIFER
104
STEER
Preventing Influence on the Answer: In questions where an opinion is requested, answer
modalities are often written in capital letters (that is the other type of closed question). It means
that the interviewer does not read answer modalities and waits for the respondent to answer
him/herself. (In other questions, modalities are written in small letters and interviewer should
read them loudly)
Example: In this case we want to make sure that respondent gives the reason why he/she is not
currently in school. If the interviewer started reading answer modalities, the respondent might
28
agree with some other modality. But the reason 12 might be the reason why he/she is not
currently in school.
10.
Why are you not currently in
school?
(► 24)
11. Order of Asking Questions and Skip Pattern.
In order to maintain logical sequence of filling questionnaire, a system of skip patterns, which enables
interviewer to follow course of the interview depending on received answers from the respondent, has
been developed. Depending on the answer given by the respondent, some questions would be asked,
another would be skipped. In order to ensure this, the questionnaire is to be filled in order, moving from
left to right. It helps interviewer to carry out interview without going back and forth and checking
previous answers.
The questionnaires are to be filled in order, question by question, except in cases of special instruction.
Everybody is to be asked question 1, then question 2, 3 etc, see Figure 5.
For example, in section where a flap is used, you should record the data one row (or person) at a time.
At the end of the section, or where you are instructed to go to the next person, you should record
information for the next person in the row below. This should be done until you have completed all
persons for that section.
How to Use the Flaps
There are two flaps in the Household Questionnaire – flap A and B. After the cover has been completed,
the next step is to open Flap A on page 34 of the panel household questionnaire. All the information on
this flap should be completed for the household. The row where a person’s name is placed on the flap
will be the row in which all the information about that person will be given in sections 1 to 4. The flap
is kept open so that the row that corresponds to the person will always be visible.
HAD ENOUGH SCHOOLING...1
AWAITING ADMISSION.....2
NO SCHOOL/LACK OF
TEACHERS ..............3 NO
TIME/NO INTEREST....4 LACK
OF MONEY..........5 MARITAL
OBLIGATION ....6
SICKNESS...............7
DISABILITY.............8
SEPARATION OF PARENTS..9
DEATH OF PARENTS......10
TOO OLD TO ATTEND ....11
DOMESTIC OBLIGATION ..12
OTHERS (SPECIFY)
______________........13
29
Flap B is to be used for the non-farm enterprises section (9) of the household questionnaire. This flap
should be prefilled before going to the field. Open flap B before commencing the interview on the non-
farm household enterprise section. Make sure that all non-farm household enterprises captured in wave
2 post-harvest are prefilled. In addition, new non-farm household enterprises should be documented in
this flap and the necessary questions asked for this new enterprise in the rest of the section.
UPPER and Lower Case Texts (CAPITAL Letters and Small Letters)
Texts written in upper case (capital) letters are instructions to the interviewer and should not be read to
the respondent. Other texts that you will see written with upper case letters are lists and codes. These
also should NOT be read to the respondent.
Text written in lower case (small) letters SHOULD be read directly to the respondent.
For example, in Question 10 (see Figure 2 below), you should read: “In what year did you get married
to each of your wives respectively?” You should not read the text below that because it is written with
upper case (capital) letters. The text in upper case letters is an instruction to you.
10.
11.
12.
In what year, did you get married to
each of your wives respectively?
LIST THE YEAR FOR YOUR FIRST
WIFE AND THEN THE YEAR OF
MARRIAGE FOR UP TO 3 OTHER
MOST RECENT WIVES.
Does [NAME]'s spouse/ partner
live in this household now?
[ASK ABOUT FIRST THE
WIFE FOR REPSPONDENTS
WITH MULTIPLE WIVES].
WRITE ID CODE OF
CURRENT SPOUSE (OR IN
THE CASE OF A
POLYGOMOUS MARIAGE,
FIRST WIFE AMONG
THOSE) WHO LIVE(S) IN
THE HOUSEHOLD.
YES.1
COPY SPOUSE ID
FROM ROSTER
NO.2 (►Q13)
WIFE 1
WIFE
2
WIFE
3
WIFE
4
ID CODE
1963
1
2
But, not all respondents should answer all the questions. For example, if person is not employed, he/she
should not be asked about his/her job- such questions would be inappropriate. Besides, it would make
interview longer and annoy the respondent. For these reasons, the questionnaire includes clear skip
patterns, which indicate to the interviewer, which person should not be asked which questions,
depending on the answer to previous question.
There are numerous instructions for skipping questions and moving to another part of the questionnaire
in the most efficient and logical way. Examples of such questions are given below: since they present
key component of the questionnaire, their proper understanding would have significant impact on the
quality of the answers and duration of the interview.
The following signs are used to identify skip patterns: If there is not any sign, then all the respondents
are asked the next question, irrespective of their answer to the previous question.
30
Example: If there is no skip pattern, irrespective of ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer to this question, the respondent
should be asked the following question 4.
3.
Do you have health insurance?
YES.......1
NO......,2
If there is arrow ► followed by ‘Q’ and a number ► Q18, it means that the interviewer should move
directly to the question with the number, in this particular case question number 18.
Example: If person answers question 8 that he/she has taken steps to find a job in the past 7 days, the
skip pattern indicates that he/she should not answer question 9, but instead should skip to and answer
question 10. After posing question 10 to the respondent, s/he replies that they were available for work.
This means the enumerator should skip to question 12. The enumerator then asks question 12 and
records the month and year that the person did work for pay. If the worker has never done any work
for pay, then the enumerator should skip to question 39. If the worker did not work in the past 12
months, then the enumerator should skip to question 50.
31
Sometimes all persons asked certain question skip to another question, Section or
Person. In that case instruction in the box is printed in capital letters.
Example: Question 22, everybody who answers this question has no further questions in this
section and the interviewer goes to the next person irrespective of the answer.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Have you taken
any steps within
the past 7 days
to look for
work?
What is the main reason you did
not look for a job in the past 7
days?
Were you
available
for work
during the
last 7
days?
Why were you not available
for work during the last 7
days?
When was the last
time you did work
for pay, profit or
gain (if any)?
IF NEVER, LEAVE
BLANK (►Q37)
YES..1 (►10)
YES..1
(►12)
NO...2
(►Q12)
NO...2
IF YOU HAVE
NOT WORKED IN
THE LAST 12
MONTHS (►Q37)
MONTH
YEAR
MOST IMPORTANT
REASON
STUDENT...........1
HOUSEWIFE/CHILDCARE...2
TOO OLD/RETIRED.......3
SICKNESS/ILLNESS......4
DISABILITY............5
WAITING FOR REPLY FROM
EMPLOYER..............6
WAITING FOR RECALL BY
EMPLOYER..............7
ON LEAVE..............8
WAITING FOR BUSY
SEASON................9
OTHER(SPECIFY)
_________________....10
IN SCHOOL ............1
BUSY WITH HOUSEHOLD
DUTIES ...............2
TOO YOUNG TO WORK.....3
TOO OLD TO WORK.......4
TOO SICK TO WORK......5
DISABLED..............6
OTHER (SPECIFY)
________________......7
32
22.
What is/was [NAME]'s
biological mother's main
industry of occupation?
(►NEXT PERSON)
12. Types of Data to be entered: There are two types of data to be recorded based on the
information direct and transcript.
Direct: Direct is when the interviewer needs to enter verbatim what the respondent says. It
could be numerical data (quantity or price) or textual data (respondent’s name, employment sector).
Transcript: It is when there are predetermined codes for expected different answers. The
interviewer should identify corresponding code and enter it in the relevant box.
In order to avoid errors in transcription, the interviewer must be
particularly careful, taking due care to enter data in the box envisaged for
the interviewed person. Since answer box envisaged for interviewed
person is distant from individual's ID and distant from the place where
question text and modality are loaded, the interviewer must take care to
make proper entry.
The purpose of shadowed rows is to facilitate this and to separate rows
belonging to different household members which are interviewed.
AGRICULTURE.........1
MINING..............2
MANUFACTURING.......3
PROFESSIONAL/
SCIENTIFIC/TECHNICAL
ACTIVITIES..........4
ELECTRICITY.........5
CONSTRUCTION........6
TRANSPORTATION......7
BUYING AND SELLING….8
FINANCIAL SERVICES..9
PERSONAL SERVICES..10
EDUCATION..........11
HEALTH.............12
PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION.....13
OTHER, SPECIFY
__________________.14
33
13. Measurement Units
For all questions where the respondent is asked to specify certain quantity, amount, frequency, etc.,
different measure units are offered (e.g. kilogram-sack, month-year, meter-kilometer, etc.). The
respondent can choose the most suitable measure unit that is easiest for him/her to give answers to
required questions. The respondent can choose, within the same section, to give answers for
different items in different measure units (e.g. seed use for different crops could be expressed in
different measure units).
Households or individuals should first choose the unit of measure in which they want to respond
in, and then give answer on quantity, amount or frequency. The interviewer enters measure unit
code in the corresponding column, followed by the amount, quantity or frequency.
The interviewer enters data on such measure unit as the respondent says and does not do any
conversion. All necessary conversions would be done by computers during data entry or survey
analysis process. Questions would be answered either by whole numbers or by decimal numbers.
Decimal is to be separated from the whole number by dot (.).
14. Lack of Information
When the respondent, for any reason, gives no answer to the asked question, the interviewer should
record 9999 if the respondent does not know or cannot remember the answer or refuses to answer
in the relevant box.
15. Entering “0” as an Answer
If the question is about quantity (e.g. number of days, hectares, value, KM, etc.) zero is correct
answer and should always be entered if the respondent gives such an answer.
If the question contains categories, rather than value, zero is not valid answer. The interviewer
should enter number, or in case of no answer 9999.
In case there are more answers offered for asked question, and the respondent gives only one
answer, the interviewer should enter hyphen (-) in the other columns, to indicate that only one
answer was given.
16. Correcting Errors in the Questionnaire
The questionnaire is to be filled by pen. In case of error, the interviewer should strikethrough the data
so that one is still able to see the original and enter correct answer in the same box.
The following chapters provide instruction for filling-out the questionnaires and their sections.
Pre-Filling Questionnaire
The role of an interviewer in completing questionnaires for post-harvest panel survey is crucial. Some
sections in the post-harvest panel questionnaires should be pre-filled by the field staff from the post
planting questionnaires. The essence is to aid in the development of tracking policy, which will:
Ensure that same households/respondents interviewed during Post- Planting (1st Visit) period
responded during Post Harvesting (2nd Visit) period
To explore relationship between Post-Planting and Post Harvesting in Panel Survey
To confirm and validate the inconsistencies in the data collected
34
To track changes over time in behaviour and activities of households/individuals
To provide means to gather additional information on households including changes in
household composition
General Households Questionnaire
The following sections should be pre-filled using the already completed HHs Post Planting
questionnaires for individual HHs concerned:
Cover page
Household Identification Section 1
Roster-Panel Households (All household members) Section 1
Non-Farm Enterprises and Income Generating Activities Section 9
Section A-1: Household Identification
The interviewer should pre-fill the HH identification section using the already filled pre-filling sheet,
filled from the Post planting (1st) visit information. The pre-filling sheet will contain the same
information from the post planting cover pages and the necessary household roster flap information.
The pre-filling sheet contains both the cover page as well as the flap A household individual information
on the same page. In situations where the household is more than 12, we will have two (household size
of up to 24) or three pre-filling sheets (household size above 24 but less than 36) – in that order. The
interviewer should ensure that the information entered on the cover page of the post-harvest
questionnaires and flaps correspond with the information contained in the pre-filling sheets given them
for the respective household. A sample pre-filling sheet is presented below.
35
State: Abia, HHID: 010001
SECTION A-1: HOUSEHOLD
IDENTIFICATION
HHID
010001
Name
Code
1. Zone
SOUTH EAST
4
2. STATE:
Abia
1
3. LGA
UMUAHIA NORTH
115
4. SECTOR (Urban=1, Rural=2)
1
5. EA
SIR G.N.NWAGBARA
670
6. RIC
1309
7. HOUSEHOLD NO.
30
9. NAME OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD:
MR UJA AGBAEZE
10. ADDRESS OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD:
D41 EHIMIRI HOUSING ESTATE
FLAP A
INDIV
1.
2.
3.
3b.
4.
PERSON
NAME
What is
the sex of
[NAME]?
What is
[NAME]'s
relationsh
ip to the
head of
household
?
OTHER
RELATIONSH
IP
How old is
[NAME] (IN
COMPLETE
D YEARS)?
REPORTE
D DEAD
1
U AGBAEZE
1
1
2
EUNICE
2
2
3
GRACE
2
3
4
MARY
2
12
5
UJA
1
7
6
OLUCHI
2
8
7
AHAMEFULA
1
7
8
EMMANUEL
1
3
9
10
11
12
VERSION
1
36
Procedure for Pre-Filling the Cover Page
Copy from the already completed pre-filling sheet unto the
Name and code of the zones
Name and code of states
EA name/code, RIC code, HH number and Name of the Household Head, and all other
information required on the cover page of the questionnaire for that particular HH
Procedure for Pre-Filling Flap A of the Household Roster
One new thing that appears in flap A is individual ID appearing on both extreme columns of this flap.
The last column is especially useful to ensure that we don’t ask questions about individuals reported as
dead in the household from post planting.
Beneath the cover page information for the household is the household roster prefilled data for the
flap A.
Information on the name, sex, relationship to head, and person reported dead in post planting visit
of individual members of the household will be contained in the pre-filling sheet.
The interviewer should copy these information exactly as they appear in the pre-filling sheet(s). It
must be noted that for households with more than 12 members – the pre-filling sheets will be 2, 3,
4 etc. depending on the actual size of the household as described above. In that case, the number of
pre-filled household questionnaires should correspond with the household size.
For household members reported dead in post planting, an asterisk should be put on the line
corresponding to that individual’s line in the pre-filled flap A so that care is taken not to ask the
household about this individual anymore.
If any person(s) joined the HH, he/she should be regarded as new member(s) of the HH and will be
entered or recorded below as the original members of the HH. This is normally done in the field
during the interview process. Interviewers should ask if new members have joined the household
since the interview (post planting visit)
Procedure for Pre-Filling Non-Farm Enterprises and Income Generating Activities – Flap B
o The procedure for pre-filling the flap B is the same as that of flap A, just that here we are dealing
with enterprise ID instead of individual ID. Similarly, pre-filling sheets of enterprises operated
by the household, captured in wave 2 post-harvest will be pre-filled. The industry code of the
specific enterprise will be pre-filled as well.
o Any new enterprise should be recorded below as an addition
Agricultural Questionnaire
The following sections should be pre-filled using the already completed Agriculture Post-Planting
questionnaires for individual HHs concerned
Household Identification Section (A-1)
Flap C (Plot)
Flap D (Plot-Crop)
Flap E (Crop)
Flaps C (Plot), D (Plot-Crop) and E (CROP)
In pre-filling the flaps, the following steps should be taken
In flap C, list all the plots recorded in the already completed post planting questionnaire for
that household
37
Any additional plot acquired but not recorded should be included and tagged ‘new’
Similarly, flap D will be treated as flap C but should be related to crops instead of plots
In flap E, list all the crops recorded in flap D (list each crop only once regardless of the
number of plots on which it is grown) along with their respective codes.
38
Chapter 4: Household Questionnaire
Cover
Household Identification (HOUSEHOLD ID): Six (6) Cells Provided
The first two cells are for the state code and next cells are for serial number of the questionnaire used
in the particular state. Let us use Abia State as an example. The State Code for Abia state is 01. If this
is the 1st questionnaire, then it will have code 0001. You should enter the information as 010001. If you
use more than 1 questionnaire in a particular household then you must copy the HOUSEHOLDID of
the HOUSEHOLD questionnaire to all other questionnaire in that particular HOUSEHOLD.
Questionnaire of Total: This refers to number of questionnaires administered in each selected
household. E.g. one questionnaire in a household should be filled in as 1 of 1, while two questionnaires
in a household should be filled in as 1 of 2 for the household questionnaire and 2 of 2 for the other
questionnaire, etc.
The information for filling out the Questions below should be copied from the EA Line Map and
Selection Sheet
Zone: The name and code of the zone where the interview was conducted should be recorded in the
space and box provided.
State: The name and code of the state, where the interview was conducted should be recorded in the
space and box provided.
L.G.A: This is the Local Government Area (LGA): the name and code of the LGA where the interview
is being conducted should be written in the space and box provided.
Sector: A sector can be either Urban or Rural; one box is provided for entry of 1 for Urban and 2, Rural.
E.A Code: The E.A. name should be written first, followed by the code E.A. The EA code is make up
of four digits and if it less than four digits, there should be leading zero.
RIC: This is the replicate identification code number of the E.A.
Household Number:
The household number is also represented by three digit code. This is the serial number obtained from
the listing form in each selected EA and can be copied from the listing form or selection sheet.
Name and Address of the Household Head
This can be confirmed from the selection sheet and should be printed boldly in the space provided.
Supervisor/Interviewer Name:
The interviewer/supervisor will write his/her own name and the code assigned to him/her during training
as a form of control to ensure the quality of data collected.
There is a large box on the right hand side of the cover page of the questionnaire. In the box we have
questions AG1 to AG3. The questions AG1-AG3 are used to determine if the Agriculture questionnaire
should be administered to the household. Questions AG1 and AG2 should be completed by Interviewer,
based on responses from the HOUSEHOLD head.
39
Questions AG3: PLEASE PAY ATTENTION TO THIS PARTICULAR QUESTION. If response
to questions AG1 and AG2 is “NO”, then make sure the household has no other agriculture activity
including any livestock or fishery activities. Recall that the definition of an agricultural activity is:
Agriculture is the system of cultivating soil for production of crops, horticulture, livestock/poultry,
fishing, forestry and in varying degrees. If the response of AG1 and AG2 is “2” AND THE
HOUSEHOLD HAS NO OTHER AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY, place “2” as response to this
question. In the case of all other responses to AG1 and AG2, response to AG3 must be “1”.
Date of Interviews (First, Second and Third)
This is a six digit number to represent the Day, Month, and Year that the first, the second and the third
interviews were carried out. This is applicable when you visit a household multiple times in order to
complete the questionnaire.
Time of Interview (First, Second and Third): These questions seek to determine the time spent
conducting the interview. The starting and ending time must only include the period the interview is
being conducted. Note: the times should be recorded in GMT (24 hours) e.g. if the time is 1pm, the
correct recording will be 13: 00.
Questions 15a, 18a and 21a: These questions serve as a check list for the sections of the questionnaire;
yet to be completed at the first visit, second visit and the third visit. At the end of the first day of
interview in a household, the interviewer should mark the sections yet to be completed. At the second
or third visit, the check list will guide the interviewer to know the sections to concentrate upon in order
to complete all the sections of the questionnaire required in that household.
Cover Page 3: There are two questions. These questions should be answered when the field work for
the HOUSEHOLD has been completed.
QUESTION 1: This gives the status of the interview process with the household. That is, it relates to
all questionnaires for that particular household.
QUESTION 2: This gives the status of data entry for all questionnaires from that particular household.
SECTION 1: ROSTER
Main objective of this section is to identify all the persons who are household members and collect
general demographic information on them, such as age, gender, marital status, etc.
The first step in completing the Roster is to open FLAP A. FLAP A is on page 34 of the panel
questionnaire and contains Question 1 to Question 5.
Respondent: Each individual in the household should respond for him/herself. In the case of children that
cannot respond for themselves, a parent/caregiver of responsible adult age in the household can respond on
their behalf.
Household: In this survey, a household will be defined as a person or group of people, who usually sleep
in the same dwelling and with a recognized head; and, who share common eating arrangement for more
than 6 months preceding the interview.
The following are examples of a household:
A household consisting of a man and his wife/wives and children, father/mother, nephew and other
relatives.
A household consisting of a single person
A household consisting of a couple or several couples with or without their children.
40
All listed persons who have been away from the household for more than six months are not considered to
be household members except:-
Person identified as the head of household even if he or she has not been with the household for 6
months
Newly born children (or newly adopted)
Students and seasonal workers who have not been living in or as part of another household
Head of Household: Usually, the head of the household is the person, who provides most of the needs of
the household and is familiar with all the activities and occupations of the household members. He/she will
be the person named when you ask the question, "Who is the head of this household?"
INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING-OUT THE ROSTER
The household roster must be filled out with the greatest care. The following steps must be followed:
Completion of FLAP A
This flap must be completely filled-out before answering any other question in the Roster. That is,
questions 1, 2 3, and 4 will be pre-filled and questions 4a will be completed when the interviewer visits
the household. The interviewer should enquire if new persons have joined the household since the last
interview. All persons that have joined the household since the last interview should be written
immediately below the list of persons already entered in the roster. Question 1 to 5 should then be
completed for these new persons that have been added.
In filling Flap A, the respondent should preferably be the head of the household. If the head is absent,
then a responsible and knowledgeable adult, preferably the spouse of the household head should be
interviewed.
Provision is made for 12 household members. If there are more than 12 household members, a second
household questionnaire should be used and the first person on the added questionnaire should be number
13 and so on. The interviewer should confirm that household head here is the same as household head
listed on the cover page.
QUESTION 3: Against each of the names listed, indicate the relationship to the head of household by
printing the appropriate code. For instance, Cletus and Helen are members of the household and they are
children of the head of the household. In this case, the interviewer should write code 3 in question 3 against
the names of these two persons. Mabel is the sister of the head of household, so code 7 should be entered
in her case; while Justina, who is Lawrence’s mother, will have code 10 as the entry for this question.
Definition of Relationships
1- Household Head: The member, who makes key decisions in the household and whose authority is
acknowledged by other members. It should be borne in mind that the key decision maker may not
necessarily be the oldest. Other factors within the household can determine who the head is; such as what
proportion of income is member’s to total household income.
2 - Spouse is the married or partner by mutual consent of the head.
3 - Own Child refers to biological child.
4 - Stepchild: The biological child of a spouse in a previous union (marriage).
5 - Adopted Child: A child acquired from orphanage
6 - Grandchildren Children from your son(s) or daughter(s)
7 - Brother/Sister: A male/female children born of the same parent
8 – Niece/Nephew: The daughter/Son of the brother/sister of the head of the household.
41
10 - Brother/Sister in –Law: Brother/sister of the spouse of the household head.
11 - Parent in-law: Parent of the spouse of the household head.
12 - Domestic Help (Resident): (Servant, guard, cook and baby-sitter among others) refers to a person who
lives with the household and who is paid for services rendered in the household either in cash or kind.
13 - Domestic Help (Non-Resident): (Servant, guard, cook, baby-sitter among others) refers to a person
who DOES NOT live with the household and who is paid for services rendered in the household either in
cash or kind.
14 – Other Relation: Other relatives of the head of the household.
15 – Other Non-Relation: Other non-relatives.
QUESTION 4a: In this question, we are interested in knowing whether the person is still a member of
the household. If the person is no longer a member of the household, code 2 and mark with X the
individual ID next to this question. Crossing out the individual ID to the right will ensure that once the
relevant questions in section 1 have been asked about the individual, no other individual level questions
are solicited of this person.
QUESTION 5: A "YES" response should be given for all persons added on this visit to the list of
household members that were pre-filled. A "YES" should also be given for all persons with less than
seven years as recorded in question 4.
QUESTION 6: Age is an important variable for most socio-economic analysis and must be established as
accurately as possible. This is the age of the person at their last birthday. The age of each person will be
recorded in completed years. If someone will be 25 years old in two weeks after the date of interview, the
recorded age would be 24. Ages of nine years or less will be recorded with a leading zero – for example
‘03’; infants less than one year old will be recorded ‘00’. For older individuals, who may have problem
determining their exact age, the interviewer will probe to obtain an estimate. Try to make the best possible
estimate. Please make use of the national calendar of events to assist in determining the ages of such
individuals. The Field Supervisor should also be of great help in determining the age of the elderly.
Information supplied in QUESTION 4 above should be a guide here. Note also that for children aged 5
years and less, the age is very important in interpreting child malnutrition. The age of persons 100 years
and older should be recorded as 98.
How to use the historical calendar:
Ask of any historical event (national or local) which occurred around the time of birth or
childhood
Ask how old respondent was when that event occurred or how many years elapsed before
his/her birth
Then use the information obtained to calculate the age. For example, if respondent was 15
when Nigeria obtained independence, this person should be 15 + 55 (i.e. 1stOctober 1960 to
23rdOctober 2016) = 70 years. If still this methodology fails, try the next approach
Simply estimate how old the respondent may be based on some district historical events, or
some other events which occurred
Note: The date of birth MUST be recorded for all children six years old or less. In all such cases, the
interviewer should ask to see the child's birth certificate in order to confirm the information provided.
QUESTION 7: Present marital status refers to the respondent's marital status on the day of interview. Note
also that marital status to be recorded is the most recent. For example, if a respondent was a widow and
now has remarried, the current status is "Married".
Definition of Marital Status
1 - Married (Monogamy): Includes all types of marriages e.g. civil, traditional and common law
to only one woman. It is also a state of having only one sexual partner at any one time. The word,
42
monogamy comes from the Greek word called “Mono”, which means one or alone and the Greek
word, “Gamos”, which means marriage or union.
2 - Married (Polygamy): Includes all types of marriages e.g. civil, traditional and common law to
more than one woman. It is also defined as having more than one wife or husband at the same time,
usually a man with several wives.
3 - Informal/Loose Union: Refers to a relationship contracted by two adults living together
without civil or traditional recognition. Such people may report that they are married, so probe
carefully and sensitively to find out the actual marriage contract.
4 - Divorce: When a marriage is legally dissolved
5 - Separation: Living apart without legal backing
6 - Widowed: A situation where one of the couple is dead.
7 - Never Married: A situation where the respondent is single and has never been married before.
QUESTION 8: This question seeks to know if this person is a male in a polygamous marriage. If No, the
interviewer should skip to question 12.
QUESTION 9: The objective of this question is to know how many wives are currently living with the man
who is currently in a polygamous marriage at the time of interview. Only men who are currently in a
polygamous marriage should answer this question. E.g. if the respondent has two wife the interviewer will
write 2 in the space provided and if more 2 than wife the interviewer will the appropriate number in the
space provided.
QUESTION 10: DROPPED
QUESTION 11: This question seeks to determine if the household member’s spouse is currently a
member of the household. In the case of a male in a polygamous relationship, the interviewer should
enquire of the first wife only. If answer is “No”, record 2 and SKIP to Question 12a.
QUESTION 12: This is most senior wife in terms of marriage that lives in the Household. The
interviewer should copy the ID Code of the spouse from the Household Roster.
QUESTION 12a: All members of the household should answer this question. Record the primary
language spoken within the home by the individual other than English. Record language code of the
most commonly spoken language if more than 1.
QUESTION 12b: All members of the household should answer this question. Record mobile phone
ownership. If response to this question is “NO” then skip to Question 13.
QUESTION 12c: All members of the household who own a mobile phone should answer this question.
Ask if respondent can access the internet using his/her cell phone.
QUESTION 13: These questions seek to know if the respondent has been interviewed (or information
has been collected on this individual) in the previous round of the survey.
QUESTION 14: MOVED TO SECTION 4a
QUESTIONS ON MEMBERS JOINING THE HOUSEHOLD SINCE THE LAST
INTERVIEW: QUESTIONS 15 TO 27
43
QUESTION 15: This information is useful as a guide to whether or not the person qualifies as a
household member using the time rule. The CODE for the date should be recorded and not the date
itself.
QUESTION 15: This question is for people that have not been captured in the last time the interviewer
visited the household. Thus, we want to know when the person joined the household. The interviewer
should write only the month code in the space provided for month and the year in which the person joined
the household. The CODE for the date should be recorded and not the date itself.
QUESTION 16: This question seeks to know why the respondent joined this household. Write the code
that is applicable to the response. The option 11 – fled problem area or internally displaced persons (IDPs)
– refer to persons who relocated to this household as a result of conflicts, military insurgence, or problems
in their previous location. A possible problem or conflicts might be terrorist attack in previous community.
QUESTION 17: This question should be answered by all persons in the household. The religion of the
household member is required. As there are countless large and small religions, many of which cannot be
verified to be real or legitimate, do not try and query what denomination as this creates friction and may
result in non-response to the rest of the interview. Note that the religion of small children should also be
recorded although this is normally the same as their parents.
QUESTIONS 18 to 22: These questions are about the biological father of the respondent. If the
biological father is a member of the household then the household Individual Code should be written in
Question 19. Carefully identify the respondent's father on FLAP A before writing the code.
QUESTION 18: Asks if the household member’s biological father lives in the household. This information
is useful for determining whether the child’s (natural) father is alive and to measure the prevalence of
orphan-hood and child fostering in the population. The response is either Yes or No; if No skip to question
20.
ALL respondents that are asked question 27 should not be asked any subsequent questions in the roster
and should be skipped to SECTION 2A, as instructed.
QUESTIONS ON MEMBERS THAT HAVE LEFT THE HOUSEHOLD SINCE THE LAST
INTERVIEW: QUESTIONS 28 TO 41
These questions should be answered by the head of the household or the spouse of the head of
household, or some other responsible adult in the household.
QUESTION 28: This question concerns those members, who had left the household from question 4a. We
are interested in knowing the main reason why the person left the household. There are possible options
offered with codes. Please probe for the main reason why the person left the household and print the
appropriate code for the given reason.
QUESTION 29: This question seeks to know the month and year in which the person left the household.
The code of the month and year should be written instead.
QUESTION 30: This question seeks to know if the person resides in Nigeria or outside Nigeria at the
time of the interview. If the person leaves outside Nigeria, the interviewer should skip to question 32.
44
QUESTION 31: The interviewer should write the name of the State, the Code as well as the name and
code of the LGA that the relocated person lives. The list of the LGA code and state code will be given
to each interviewer for proper coding and the supervisors will check what the interviewer has written.
The LGA code should be only the last two digits.
QUESTION 32: This question is for those relocated household members, who migrated outside of
Nigeria. We want to know the country that the individual migrated to. If the respondent does not know
the country that the former household member has moved to, then 98 should be recorded as the response.
QUESTION 33: This question asks how many months the respondent has been out of Nigeria. The
interviewer should record only in months. This is the number of months with leading zeros for single
months. E.g. One month should be recorded as 01 and ten months should record as 10. The interviewer
should know that the question is asking from date of the last visit; if less than one month, the
interviewer should write 01.
QUESTION 34: There could be more than one reason that the former household member migrated but
this question requires only one response. The single response should be the most important reason for
the migration.
QUESTION 35: This question seeks to know if the former household member is currently in a job.
QUESTION 36 to 38: These questions are about the former household member's current job. A
complete description of the job must be provided in question 36 and the appropriate economic activity
of the job provided in Question 37. Note that this job that has been written must not be coded in the
interview. The one who provided information to the migrated household member on how to find job
should be written in question 38.
QUESTION 39 to 41: These questions seek to determine the former household member's sources of
financial assistance to migrate and to settle abroad.
Answers to these questions must conclude with a skip to the NEXT PERSON because no further
questions should be asked about the former household member.
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SECTION 2: EDUCATION FOR MEMBERS IN THE HOUSEHOLD
All household members 5 years old and older must have a response.
The objective of this section is to measure the level of education or formal schooling of all household
members. The key educational indicators that are of interest are enrolment rates and dropout rates.
Dropouts are persons of primary or secondary school age that are not currently attending school. Additional
educational indicators include the highest grade completed and the type of school attended (private or
public). This section also collects information on literacy levels and education expenditure
Respondents: Ideally, all household members should respond for themselves. Proxy answers are allowed
as parents/guardians can answer for their children who are under 12 years old. In other case where it is not
possible for individual response, the head of household or the spouse of the head of household should
respond on behalf of the household members that are not available for the interview.
In this section, the term ‘school’ includes primary, secondary and post-secondary schooling, as well
as any other intermediate levels of schooling in the formal school system. It also includes technical
or vocational training beyond the primary-school level, such as long-term courses in mechanics or
secretarial work.
Schools that carry out non-formal education are also included here. Ensure that respondents
understand what is meant by ‘non-formal education’. A non-formal education includes religious
schools, such as Quranic schools, that do not teach a full, standard school curriculum. If a school
teaches religious courses but also includes the standard curriculum – such as many Catholic schools
– it would be coded as a standard school.
Pre-school is listed for children, who do not attend grade 1 at age 5 but do attend some form of
organized learning or early childhood education programme, whether or not such a programme is
considered part of the school system. The definition of organized early learning programme does
not refer to programme offering only babysitting or child-minding.
FLAP A on page 34 should be used with this section.
QUESTION 1 (DROPPED) and 2: These questions are for the interviewer and are designed to provide
guidance as to the next section to be answered by the respondent. A response must be written before any
skip action is taken. If the person is less than 5 years, then the interviewer should skip to section 4, health.
QUESTION 3 and 4: These questions are to identify the respondent. If the individual is answering for
him/her self, then 1 should be written in question 3 and skip to question 5, otherwise, code 2 and provide
the ID of the person responding from the household roster.
QUESTION 5: The response to this question is "YES" if the respondent can BOTH read and write in any
language. If the respondent can read but cannot write, or write but cannot read, or can neither read nor write,
then the correct response is "NO".
QUESTION 6: This question is designed to separate the respondents into persons that have attended school
and those that have not. Attendance does not mean that any level was completed. It should also be noted
that the term "school” includes Quaranic schools. If the individual has never attended school, skip to Q8.
QUESTION 7: This question is for individual members that have never been to school. We are interested
in knowing the main reason why the individual has never been to school. Although this question can have
more than one valid response, it is a single response question and only the MAIN reason is required.
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Responses such as "NONE" and "DON'T KNOW" should be recorded under Other Specify. Once you code
the response here, skip to the next person or section for this individual.
QUESTIONS 8 to 27: These questions are for persons that have attended school.
QUESTION 8: The interviewer should ask the respondent at what age did him/her start schooling. The
interviewer is expected to probe further using stories, events and illustrations that happened for the
elderly ones to assist them to recall from memory the age.
QUESTION 9: This is the highest level that was SUCCESSFULY completed by the individual. Refer
to the Q21 of the household roster for the description of levels of education in the country.
QUESTION 10: Qualification means certification at the respective level. That is, the respondent has
passed all necessary qualifying examinations and coursework at that level.
Definition of Qualification Codes:
NONE: The respondent has not been certified to have completed any level.
FSLC: First School Leaving Certificate is attained after spending six (6) years in primary school.
MSLC: Modern School Leaving Certificate is attained after spending six (6) years in the primary
school and three years of Modern school.
VOC/COMM.: Vocational/Commercial is a certificate obtained after going through artisan/art
craft training e.g. Mechanic, Tailoring etc.
JSS: Junior Secondary School is a certificate obtained after completion of the first three (3) years
in secondary school.
SSS (O’ Level): Senior Secondary School is a certificate obtained after completion of six (6) years
in secondary school.
A Level: Advance Level is a certificate obtained after two (2) years completion of higher secondary
school (HSC).
NCE/OND: (NCE) National Certificate of Education is a certificate obtained after completion of
three (3) years in college of education.
(OND) Ordinary National Diploma is the certificate obtained after completion of first two (2) years
in the Polytechnic.
School of Nursing: This is a certificate obtained after spending three (3) years in the school of
nursing.
BA/BSc./HND: Bachelor of Arts/Bachelor of Science/Higher National Diploma are obtained after
three (3), four (4), five (5) or six (6) years of university or polytechnic education.
Technical or Professional Diploma: It refers to a Diploma Certificate obtained from any
polytechnic or university.
Masters: Refers to any Masters degree. It is the second degree obtained in the university after
Bachelors (first degree). Examples include Master of Science (MSc), Masters of Business
Administration (MBA).
Doctorate: Refers to PhD: Doctor of Philosophy is the third level degree obtainable in the
university after Masters.
QUESTION 11: DROPPED
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QUESTION 12: DROPPED
QUESTION 13: This question asks about the respondent's enrolment in school in the current school year,
2015 - 2016. The school can be any of those with the levels listed in question 15 below.
QUESTION 14: This is a single response question, so only the main reason should be given. For
persons that are elderly or who do not consider further education necessary, option 1 should be recorded,
i.e. "HAD ENOUGH/COMPLETED SCHOOLING". Once the code for the main reason has been
written, skip to Q23 for this individual.
QUESTIONS 15 TO 24: These questions are only for persons enrolled in school in the current
school year, 2015 - 2016.
QUESTION 15: This question is for enrolment in the current school year: 2015 to 2016. Even if the
respondent is not presently attending but has been registered in a class at the school, the code level in
which the person is enrolled (or registered) should be recorded.
QUESTION 16: This question seeks to know institution that operates the school that the individual is
enrolled in the current school year. A school in Nigeria can be run by the federal government, state,
local government, or some religious body. The right code of the school should be written.
QUESTION 17: This question sought to find out the means by which the individual attends school. Some
individuals might mainly walk to school; others might use the bus or some commercial means of
transportation. This is a single response method so the main method is required. The method is considered
"main" if that is the method used for most/all of the journey on most days.
QUESTION 18: We want to know how long it takes the individual to reach school using the main means
coded in question 17. This is the time usually taken on a typical day. Note that the times which have been
coded, are in minutes. The interviewer should record the CODE for the time and not the time itself.
QUESTION 19: The question seeks to determine if the individual is currently on scholarship, i.e. is
registered for a scholarship for this current school year: 2015 to 2016. If the individual has no scholarship
for the current school year, then code “2” and skip to question 23.
QUESTION 20 to 22: These questions seek to determine the amount of money to be received this current
year under the scholarship, the period over which the scholarship is to be received, and what the benefit
covers. The interviewer should ask for an official document (if any) and copy out the amount, otherwise
ask the respondents for the actual amount. The value of the scholarship for 2015 - 2016 may include one
or two school years. However, the amount to be entered is the value for the current year only. If during the
current school year the person has two scholarships of different amounts, the sum of the amounts received
must be calculated and entered.
The number of years over which the scholarship has been granted should be recorded in question 21 and
the source of the scholarship in question 22.
The organization that granted the scholarship should be given in question 22 by printing the appropriate
code.
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QUESTION 23: This set of questions is intended to determine education expenses for each household
member that was or is in school at any time during the school year in the past 12 months. These expenditures
may be in cash or kind, and include all amounts since the beginning of the academic year 2015 to 2016.
When the individual is unsure of the amount, you should probe and, if possible, ask for an approximate
value and enter in the appropriate COLUMN. In most cases, the authorities of the school will send the
parent/guardian a fee schedule, so you can ask for it and copy out the expenses under each category. But
make sure that this fee schedule is for the whole academic session up to the present time and not for one
school term. The amount should be recorded in absolute value. IF THERE WAS NO EXPENDITURE,
WRITE 0. IF THERE WAS EXPENDITURE BUT THE RESPONDENT DOES NOT KNOW
HOW MUCH, THE INTERVIEWER SHOULD PUT A DASH "-".
Note
Categories A-G: If expenditure for this student can be fully given in the Sections A-G and the
values are known for all of these categories, then the amounts should be recorded in the appropriate
column. If there was no expenditure in any category, then 0 should be entered in that category.
Category H: This category is used in order to report:
i. Education expenses that are not one of those identified in categories A-G.
ii. Total of expenditure in SOME of the categories A-G for which the respondent does
have the exact figures.
Category I: This category should be used when the respondent cannot individually identify the
areas of education expenditure. That is, the respondent only knows the expenditure as a lump sum
value. The lump sum value should be placed in category I. A dash should be placed in all the
categories (A-G) that makes up the lump sum value placed in category I. If the individual provides
expenditure in the individual categories, then the aggregate is not necessary.
QUESTIONS 24 to 27: These questions are about REPEATING LEVELS IN PRIMARY AND/OR
SECONDARY SCHOOL and are for persons currently attending school or who have attended
either or both of these school levels in the past.
QUESTION 24: This question sorts those that repeated at the primary and/or secondary level, or did not
repeat at all. If the individual never repeated any school level, then skip to the next section for this person.
QUESTION 25 to 27: These questions collect information on the last level in the list that was repeated
(Question 25); the reason for repeating the level (Question 26); and how many times the level indicated in
Question 25 was repeated (Question 27).
QUESTION 28: DROPPED
After completing this section, all respondents are routed to SECTION 3A
SECTION 3A: LABOUR
In this section, we collect information on the labor activities of men, women and children in the
household. It is important not to confuse labor activities with a person’s main activity. These are not
the same. A person’s main activity may be a housewife or a student, but they may have other labor
activities that should be recorded in this section. For example, a wife who has her own plots or her own
small business should not be excluded from this section, even if she primarily works in domestic
activities. Domestic activities are not included in this section of the questionnaire, but her other
activities would be included, even though she may consider being a housewife her “job”. A child who
is a student may consider themselves to be primarily a student without a job, but they may help their
parents as unpaid family labor with their businesses or agricultural activities. For example, if a child
49
works on his parent’s farm or in their carpentry shop, the child’s farming or carpentry activities should
be included, even if the child does not receive payment directly for the work. We are concerned with
labour activities of members in the past 7 days only.
Respondent: This section concerns all household members aged 5 and above. You should confirm
eligibility of the household members to respond to the questions. For children under 12, the parents or adult
member of the household could answer on their behalf. Where some household members are absent,
proceed with the interview for all those present but make the necessary arrangements to call back and
continue the interview with absentee members after ascertaining the appropriate time that they would be
available. If it is not possible to interview the person directly, a proxy response is possible.
Terms and Definition
Some definitions and terminology used in the questionnaire include: -
Main Occupation: This is the work to which most time is devoted when a respondent has more than one
job. For instance, the main occupation for the past 7 days of a respondent who farms mostly and also goes
fishing during the dry season is farming.
The Last 12 Months: This refers to the period of 12 consecutive months just before and including the
interview day. During the interview, you should be specific. For example, if the interview takes place
on March 10, 2016, then we refer to all the preceding months down to March 9, 2015.
Secondary Occupation: This is the work to which much of the respondent's time is devoted after the main
occupation. In the example given above, fishing would be the secondary occupation of the farmer in the 7
days. However a respondent may have more than one secondary occupation.
Reference Period: The reference periods used in this section are the last seven days and the last twelve
months. When conducting the interview, the interviewer should direct the respondent to consider the seven
days and the last 12 months prior to the day and month of the interview. For example, if the interview is
taking place on a Wednesday, the interviewer should ask the respondent to consider the seven days from
last week Tuesday.
QUESTION 1: This is a filter question to confirm eligibility of the household member to provide
information in this section. Only household members 5 years and older are allowed to answer the rest of
the questions in this section.
QUESTION 2: This question is to confirm whether information is being provided in proxy or by the
household member himself/herself.
QUESTION 3: If response is given by proxy, then the ID of the respondent should be written in this
column.
QUESTIONS 4 – 6c: These questions seek to capture information on the various types of work that each
eligible member of the household was engaged in for the past 7 days. The respondent should answer each
question. While Question 4 asks about engagement in paid work, Question 5 seeks information about
engagement in farming activity owned or rented by a member of the household and Question 6 asks if there
was engagement in own account work or business in enterprise belonging to him or someone in the
household e.g. trader, carpenter, etc. Question 4b, 5b and 6b ask for the number of HOURS worked in each
employment in the last 7 days. For question 5c and 6c, indicate the main use of the product from this
employment by printing the appropriate code. Take note of the skips in question 4, 5, and 6.
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QUESTION 7: Interviewer should check if there is any “Yes” response in Questions 4 or 5 or 6. If there
is a ‘Yes’ response, the interviewer should skip to question 12b. Otherwise, he should continue to Question
8.
QUESTIONS 8: Those who were not engaged in any economic activities (wage/salaried, non-farm
enterprise, and agricultural employment) in the last 7 days should indicate whether they took any steps to
look for job. And for those who did, the interviewer should skip to Q10.
QUESTIONS 9: This question seeks to find out the main reason (constraints to job search) why the
individual did not work (constraints to job search) in the last 7 days. The household members, who did not
look for work in the last 7 days will give the main reason why they did not look for job and the interviewer
should thereafter skip to Q38.
QUESTIONS 10: Those who took steps to look for job should again indicate whether they were available
for work in the last 7 days. For those members who were available for work, the interviewer should skip to
Q38.
QUESTIONS 11: Those who were not available for work should indicate the main reason why they were
not available. The interviewer should then print the appropriate code. Once the reason for the individual’s
non-availability for work has been coded, the interviewer should skip to question 38.
QUESTIONS 12b: This question makes reference to question 4. Everybody who was engaged in any
economic activity in the last 7 days should indicate whether they have ever done any wage/salaried work
for pay in the last 7 days. This question refers strictly to wage/salaried work owned by non-members of the
household including company, or other employers outside of the household. If the response is a no, the
interviewer should skip to Q38.
QUESTIONS 13: Those, who have ever done any wage/salaried work in Q12b, the description of the
primary activity in the main job should be given by the respondent. The interviewer should thereafter code
the activities using the occupation codes provided at the end of this manual.
QUESTIONS 14 - 15: In these questions, we want to know the sector of occupation of the respondent’s
main wage/salaried work described in question 13. The economic activities in the main job, and the
employers should be indicated by the respondents by printing the appropriate sector and employer codes.
QUESTION 15b: This question asks for whether the employment that the member was engaged in is an
apprenticeship job. This is meant to separate paid apprenticeship from unpaid apprenticeship employments.
QUESTION 15c: Here we are interested in capturing the size of the enterprise that the individual is
engaged in as well as learning the person’s knowledge about where he works. The appropriate code should
be written for the number of employees in this enterprise.
QUESTION 15d: We are interested in knowing whether the individual employee is enrolled a pension
scheme for this job. The focus here is this job. The individual might have enrolled in pension plans for
different jobs but we are interested in the job under investigation. The interviewer should probe to ensure
he/she gets the right answer. A “Yes” or “No” answer is required for this question.
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QUESTION 15e: This question seeks to separate contract works or casual works from permanent works.
This asks if the individual has a letter of appointment or agreement for this very job. A letter of appointment
here refers to any written document that qualifies the individual to be an employee of that entity. A “Yes”
or “No” answer is required for this question.
QUESTION 15f: This question is interested in uncovering employer-provided health insurance for the
individual employee, either fully or partially. This is not the same as the individual being personally
enrolled in a health insurance scheme with employer contribution. A “Yes” or “No” answer is required for
this question.
QUESTIONS 16 - 18: The number of months in the last 12 months and the number of weeks during these
months as well as the number of Days in the last 7 days did the employed respondent actually work?. Note
that Q16 requires not more than 12 months. Similarly, question 17 should be less than or equal to 52 weeks,
and
QUESTIONS 19 – 20: DROPPED
QUESTIONS 21: The respondents are required to provide information on the payment they have received.
The first part requires the last payment amount in Naira while the second part seeks the time unit in which
the payment was honoured. If the individual has not yet received the payment, please as for how much
he/she expects to receive.
QUESTION 22: This question seeks to know the major decision maker in terms of the disposition of the
earnings from this main employment. The respondent is to indicate the people in the household who, decide
how the payments received from this employment should be used. Interviewer can ask for up to two people
and write the individual IDs of these members.
QUESTION 23 – 24: Besides regular salary/wage, did the individual employee receive any in-kind
payment or allowance for this employment? If Yes, the interviewer should write code 1 for question 23 and
proceed to question 24 to answer the amount and time unit of payment.
Secondary Occupation: This is the work to which much of the respondent's time is devoted after the main
occupation. In the example given above, fishing would be the secondary occupation of the farmer in the
last 7 days.
QUESTIONS 25 – 37: Details about the status of the respondent’s second job are asked in these questions.
These questions are the same as that of the main job but with reference to the second job for somebody,
who says yes in questions 4, 5 or 6.
QUESTIONS 38: Eligible members of the household are required to confirm whether they contribute to
the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS).
QUESTIONS 38a: This is a filter question to verify whether the individual respondent did collect/ chop
firewood the previous day. A “Yes” or “No” answer is required for this question. A “No” answer skips to
question 39a.
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QUESTIONS 39: The individual is required to state the number of minutes spent during the previous day
of the interview to collect or chop firewood or other fuel materials for the household use. Option codes are
given and the interviewer is supposed to print the appropriate code for the response.
QUESTIONS 39a: This is a filter question to verify whether the individual respondent did collect/ fetched
water the previous day. A “Yes” or “No” answer is required for this question. A “No” answer skips to next
section of the questionnaire.
QUESTIONS 40: The respondent is required to state the number of minutes spent during the previous day
of the interview to collect or fetch water for the household use. Option codes are given and the interviewer
is supposed to print the appropriate code for this question.
QUESTION 41 – 49: These questions are for those household members who did no salaried/wage work
in the last 7 days. If a household member worked in the last 7 days, then a “NO” response to question 41
should skip him/her to the next section.
NOTE: ALL PERSONS THAT WORKED IN THE PAST 7 DAYS (SEE QUESTION 4 IN
SECTION 3A) MUST HAVE WORKED IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS.
QUESTION 41: This is a filter question to know if the individual worked in the last 7 days. For those
households, who did not work in the last 7 days, this question will allow us to proceed to ask them about
their employment in the last 12 months. If there is a ”YES” response in question 12b, then that indicates
that the household member was working in the last 7 days, which automatically means that he/she worked
in the past 12 months and the response to this question should be "YES". If the response is "YES", the
interviewer should skip to the next section. If the response is "NO", the interviewer should continue with
the rest of the questions in this section.
QUESTION 42: Asks about being engaged in paid work (i.e. as an employee) in the last 12 months for
those households, who did no wage/salaried work in the last 7 days.
QUESTION 43: A description of the respondent’s main occupation in the past 12 months should be written
clearly and completely. This description should be written in such a way that there will be no confusion in
identifying the correct occupation code. All occupation codes should be written outside the interview time.
The occupation codes are given in Appendix 1 of this manual.
QUESTION 44: A description of the type of business (o