Java Internalization Quick Guide

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Java Internalization - Quick GuideJava Internalization - Quick Guide

Java Internalization - Quick Guide

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Java Internalization - OverviewJava Internalization - Overview

Java Internalization - Overview

Internalization or I18N refers to the capablity of an Applicatyion to be able to server users

in multiple and different languages. Java has in-built support for Internalization. Java also

provides formating of numbers, currecies and adjustment of date and time accordingly.

Java Internationalization helps to make a java application handle differnt languages,

number formats, currencies, region specific time formatting.

Localization or L10N is the adaptablity of an application that is how an application adapts

itself with a specific language, number formats, date and time settings etc.

A java application should be internationalized in order to be able to localize itself.



InternalizationInternalization

Internalization

LocalizationLocalization

Localization

Culturally Dependent InformationCulturally Dependent Information

Culturally Dependent Information

Following information items often varies with different timezones or cultures.Following information items often varies with different timezones or cultures.

Following information items often varies with different timezones or cultures.

MessagesMessages

Messages

DateDate

Date

TimeTime

Time

NumberNumber

Number

CurrencyCurrency

Currency



Java has a set of built-in classes which help in internationalization of an application. These

classes are following:

Sr.No. Class & Description

1Locale

Represents a language along with country/region.

2ResourceBundle

Contains localized text or objects.

3NumberFormat

Use to format numbers/currencies as per the locale.

4DecimalFormat

Use to format numbers as per customized format and as per locale.

5DateFormat

Use to format dates as per locale.

6SimpleDateFormat

Use to format dates as per customized format and as per locale.

Java Internalization - Environment SetupJava Internalization - Environment Setup

Java Internalization - Environment Setup

In this chapter, we will discuss on the different aspects of setting up a congenial

environment for Java.

MeasurementsMeasurements

Measurements

Phone NumbersPhone Numbers

Phone Numbers

Postal AddressesPostal Addresses

Postal Addresses

GUI labelsGUI labels

GUI labels

Internationalization ClassesInternationalization Classes

Internationalization Classes

Local Environment SetupLocal Environment Setup

Local Environment Setup

If you are still willing to set up your environment for Java programming language, then

this section guides you on how to download and set up Java on your machine. Following

are the steps to set up the environment.

Java SE is freely available from the link Download Java . You can download a version

based on your operating system.

Follow the instructions to download Java and run the .exe to install Java on your machine.

Once you installed Java on your machine, you will need to set environment variables to

point to correct installation directories −

Assuming you have installed Java in c:\Program Files\java\jdk directory −

Right-click on 'My Computer' and select 'Properties'.

Click the 'Environment variables' button under the 'Advanced' tab.

Now, alter the 'Path' variable so that it also contains the path to the Java

executable. Example, if the path is currently set to 'C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32', then

change your path to read 'C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32;c:\Program Files\java\jdk\bin'.

Environment variable PATH should be set to point to where the Java binaries have been

installed. Refer to your shell documentation, if you have trouble doing this.

Example, if you use bash as your shell, then you would add the following line to the end of

your '.bashrc: export PATH = /path/to/java:$PATH'

To write your Java programs, you will need a text editor. There are even more

sophisticated IDEs available in the market. But for now, you can consider one of the

following −

Notepad − On Windows machine, you can use any simple text editor like Notepad

(Recommended for this tutorial), TextPad.

Netbeans − A Java IDE that is open-source and free which can be downloaded

from https://www.netbeans.org/index.html .

Eclipse − A Java IDE developed by the eclipse open-source community and can be

downloaded from https://www.eclipse.org/ .

Setting Up the Path for WindowsSetting Up the Path for Windows

Setting Up the Path for Windows

Setting Up the Path for Linux, UNIX, Solaris, FreeBSDSetting Up the Path for Linux, UNIX, Solaris, FreeBSD

Setting Up the Path for Linux, UNIX, Solaris, FreeBSD

Popular Java EditorsPopular Java Editors

Popular Java Editors

What is Next?What is Next?

What is Next?

Next chapter will teach you how to write and run your first Java program and some of the

important basic syntaxes in Java needed for developing applications.

Java Internalization - Locale ClassJava Internalization - Locale Class

Java Internalization - Locale Class

A Locale object represents a specific geographical/political/cultural region. Any operation

requiring a Locale to perform its task is called locale-sensitive operation and uses the

Locale to master information relative to the user. For example, displaying a number is a

locale-sensitive operation. The number should be formatted as per the customs and

conventions of the user's native country, region, or culture.

A Locale object contains the following:

Language - ISO 639 alpha-2 or alpha-3 language code, or registered language

subtags up to 8 alpha letters. alpha-2 code must be used if both alpha-2 and

alpha-3 code are present. The language field is case insensitive, but Locale always

canonicalizes to lower case.

Script - ISO 15924 alpha-4 script code. The script field is case insensitive, but

Locale always canonicalizes to title case.

Country (region) - ISO 3166 alpha-2 country code or UN M.49 numeric-3 area

code. The country field is case insensitive, but Locale always canonicalizes to upper

case.

Variant - Any arbitrary value used to indicate a variation of a Locale. Where there

are two or more variant values each indicating its own semantics, these values

should be ordered by importance, with most important first, separated by

underscore('_'). The variant field is case sensitive.

Extensions - A map from single character keys to string values, indicating

extensions apart from language identification. The extensions in Locale implement

the semantics and syntax of BCP 47 extension subtags and private use subtags.

The extensions are case insensitive, but Locale canonicalizes all extension keys and

values to lower case.

Java Internalization - Example - Locale DetailsJava Internalization - Example - Locale Details

Java Internalization - Example - Locale Details

In this example, we'll get default locale and print its details. Then create a locale for "fr"

and print its details.

I18NTester.java

Locale ContentsLocale Contents

Locale Contents

import java.util.Locale;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Locale locale =Locale.getDefault();

System.out.println("Default Locale Properties:\n");

System.out.println(locale.getDisplayCountry());

System.out.println(locale.getDisplayLanguage());

System.out.println(locale.getDisplayName());

System.out.println(locale.getISO3Country());

System.out.println(locale.getISO3Language());

System.out.println(locale.getLanguage());

System.out.println(locale.getCountry());

Locale frenchLocale = new Locale("fr","fr");

System.out.println("\nfr Locale Properties:\n");

System.out.println(frenchLocale.getDisplayCountry());

System.out.println(frenchLocale.getDisplayLanguage());

System.out.println(frenchLocale.getDisplayName());

System.out.println(frenchLocale.getISO3Country());

System.out.println(frenchLocale.getISO3Language());

System.out.println(frenchLocale.getLanguage());

System.out.println(frenchLocale.getCountry());

}

It will print the following result.

Default Locale Properties:

United States

English

English (United States)

USA

eng

fr Locale Properties:

France

French

French (France)

FRA

fra

OutputOutput

Output

Java Internalization - Example - DisplayJava Internalization - Example - Display

Java Internalization - Example - Display

LanguageLanguage

Language

In this example, we'll get display language per locale passed as an argument.

I18NTester.java

import java.util.Locale;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Locale defaultLocale = Locale.getDefault();

Locale enLocale = new Locale("en", "US");

Locale frLocale = new Locale("fr", "FR");

Locale esLocale = new Locale("es", "ES");

System.out.println(defaultLocale.getDisplayLanguage(enLocale));

System.out.println(defaultLocale.getDisplayLanguage(frLocale));

System.out.println(defaultLocale.getDisplayLanguage(esLocale));

}

It will print the following result.

English

anglais

inglés

Java Internalization - ResourceBundle ClassJava Internalization - ResourceBundle Class

Java Internalization - ResourceBundle Class

ResourceBundle class is used to store text and objects which are locale sensitive. Generally

we use property files to store locale specific text and then represent them using

ResourceBundle object. Following are the steps to use locale specific properties file in a

java based application.

Suppose we need properties file for English locale. Then create a properties file name

XXX_en_US.properties where XXX is the name of the file and en_US represents the locale

for English(US).

Messages_en_US.properties

message=Welcome to TutorialsPoint.COM!

OutputOutput

Output

Step 1: Create properties files.Step 1: Create properties files.

Step 1: Create properties files.

Let's now create properties file for French locale. Then create a properties file name

XXX_fr_FR.properties where XXX is the name of the file and fr_FR represents the locale for

French(France).

Messages_fr_FR.properties

message=Bienvenue sur TutorialsPoint.COM!

Here you can figure out that the key is same but the value is locale specific in both the

properties file.

Create ResourceBundle object with properties file name and locale using following syntax.

ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("Messages", Locale.US);

Get the value from ResourceBundle object by passing the key.

String value = bundle.getString("message");

Following example illustrate the use of ResourceBundle objects to display locale specific

values from properties files.

IOTester.java

import java.util.Locale;

import java.util.ResourceBundle;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("Messages", Locale.US);

System.out.println("Message in "+Locale.US +": "+bundle.getString("message"));

bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("Messages", Locale.FRANCE);

System.out.println("Message in "+Locale.FRANCE +": "+bundle.getString("message"));

}

It will print the following result.

Message in en_US: Welcome to TutorialsPoint.COM!

Message in fr_FR: Bienvenue sur TutorialsPoint.COM!

Step 2: Create ResourceBundle objectStep 2: Create ResourceBundle object

Step 2: Create ResourceBundle object

Step 3: Get the value from ResourceBundle object.Step 3: Get the value from ResourceBundle object.

Step 3: Get the value from ResourceBundle object.

ExampleExample

Example

OutputOutput

Output

Following are the naming conventions for the properties file.

For properties file mapped to default locale, no prefix is mandatory.

message_en_US.properties is equivalent to message.properties.

For properties file mapped to locale, prefix can be attached in two ways.

message_fr.properties is equivalent to message_fr_FR.properties.

Java Internalization - NumberFormat ClassJava Internalization - NumberFormat Class

Java Internalization - NumberFormat Class

The java.text.NumberFormat class is used for formatting numbers and currencies as per a

specific Locale. Number formats varies from country to country. For example, In Denmark

fractions of a number are separated from the integer part using a comma whereas in

England they use a dot as separator.

In this example, we're formatting numbers based on US locale and Danish Locale.

IOTester.java

import java.text.NumberFormat;

import java.util.Locale;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Locale enLocale = new Locale("en", "US");

Locale daLocale = new Locale("da", "DK");

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getInstance(daLocale);

System.out.println(numberFormat.format(100.76));

numberFormat = NumberFormat.getInstance(enLocale);

System.out.println(numberFormat.format(100.76));

}

It will print the following result.

100,76

100.76

Java Internalization - Format CurrenciesJava Internalization - Format Currencies

Java Internalization - Format Currencies

Notes for Naming ConventionsNotes for Naming Conventions

Notes for Naming Conventions

Example - Format NumbersExample - Format Numbers

Example - Format Numbers

OutputOutput

Output

In this example, we're formatting currencies based on US locale and Danish Locale.

IOTester.java

import java.text.NumberFormat;

import java.util.Locale;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Locale enLocale = new Locale("en", "US");

Locale daLocale = new Locale("da", "DK");

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(daLocale);

System.out.println(numberFormat.format(100.76));

numberFormat = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(enLocale);

System.out.println(numberFormat.format(100.76));

}

It will print the following result.

kr 100,76

$100.76

Java Internalization - Format PercentagesJava Internalization - Format Percentages

Java Internalization - Format Percentages

In this example, we're formatting numbers in percentage format.

IOTester.java

import java.text.NumberFormat;

import java.util.Locale;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Locale enLocale = new Locale("en", "US");

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getPercentInstance(enLocale);

System.out.println(numberFormat.format(0.76));

}

It will print the following result.

76%

OutputOutput

Output

OutputOutput

Output

Java Internalization - Set Min/Max PrecisionJava Internalization - Set Min/Max Precision

Java Internalization - Set Min/Max Precision

In this example, we're setting min and max digits for both integer as well as fractional part

of a number.

IOTester.java

import java.text.NumberFormat;

import java.util.Locale;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Locale enLocale = new Locale("en", "US");

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getInstance(enLocale);

numberFormat.setMinimumIntegerDigits(2);

numberFormat.setMaximumIntegerDigits(3);

numberFormat.setMinimumFractionDigits(2);

numberFormat.setMaximumFractionDigits(3);

System.out.println(numberFormat.format(12234.763443));

}

It will print the following result.

234.763

Java Internalization - Set Rounding ModeJava Internalization - Set Rounding Mode

Java Internalization - Set Rounding Mode

In this example, we're showcasing Rounding Mode.

IOTester.java

import java.math.RoundingMode;

import java.text.NumberFormat;

import java.util.Locale;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Locale enLocale = new Locale("en", "US");

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getInstance(enLocale);

numberFormat.setMinimumFractionDigits(0);

numberFormat.setMaximumFractionDigits(0);

System.out.println(numberFormat.format(99.50));

numberFormat.setRoundingMode(RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN);

System.out.println(numberFormat.format(99.50));

OutputOutput

Output

}

It will print the following result.

100

Java Internalization - Parsing NumbersJava Internalization - Parsing Numbers

Java Internalization - Parsing Numbers

In this example, we're showcasing parsing of number present in different locale.

IOTester.java

import java.text.NumberFormat;

import java.text.ParseException;

import java.util.Locale;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) throws ParseException {

Locale enLocale = new Locale("en", "US");

Locale daLocale = new Locale("da", "DK");

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getInstance(daLocale);

System.out.println(numberFormat.parse("100,76"));

numberFormat = NumberFormat.getInstance(enLocale);

System.out.println(numberFormat.parse("100,76"));

}

It will print the following result.

100.76

10076

Java Internalization - DecimalFormat ClassJava Internalization - DecimalFormat Class

Java Internalization - DecimalFormat Class

The java.text.DecimalFormat class is used for formatting numbers as per customized

format and as per locale.

In this example, we're formatting numbers based on a given pattern.

IOTester.java

OutputOutput

Output

OutputOutput

Output

Example - Format NumbersExample - Format Numbers

Example - Format Numbers

import java.text.DecimalFormat;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String pattern = "####,####.##";

double number = 123456789.123;

DecimalFormat numberFormat = new DecimalFormat(pattern);

System.out.println(number);

System.out.println(numberFormat.format(number));

}

It will print the following result.

1.23456789123E8

1,2345,6789.12

Java Internalization - Format PatternsJava Internalization - Format Patterns

Java Internalization - Format Patterns

Followings is the use of characters in formatting patterns.

Sr.No. Class & Description

To display 0 if less digits are present.

To display digit ommitting leading zeroes.

Decimal separator.

Grouping separator.

Mantissa and Exponent separator for exponential formats.

OutputOutput

Output

Format separator.

Negative number prefix.

Shows number as percentage after multiplying with 100.

Shows number as mille after multiplying with 1000.

10 X

To mark character as number prefix/suffix.

11 '

To mark quote around special characters.

In this example, we're formatting numbers based on different patterns.

IOTester.java

import java.text.DecimalFormat;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String pattern = "###.###";

double number = 123456789.123;

DecimalFormat numberFormat = new DecimalFormat(pattern);

System.out.println(number);

//pattern ###.###

System.out.println(numberFormat.format(number));

//pattern ###.#

numberFormat.applyPattern("###.#");

System.out.println(numberFormat.format(number));

//pattern ###,###.##

numberFormat.applyPattern("###,###.##");

System.out.println(numberFormat.format(number));

number = 9.34;

//pattern 000.###

numberFormat.applyPattern("000.##");

System.out.println(numberFormat.format(number));

}

It will print the following result.

1.23456789123E8

1,2345,6789.12

Java Internalization - Locale SpecificJava Internalization - Locale Specific

Java Internalization - Locale Specific

DecimalFormatDecimalFormat

DecimalFormat

By default, DecimalFormat object is using the JVM's locale. We can change the default

locale while creating the DecimalFormat object using NumberFormat class. In the example

below, we'll use same pattern for two different locale and you can spot the difference in

the output.

IOTester.java

import java.text.DecimalFormat;

import java.text.NumberFormat;

import java.util.Locale;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String pattern = "###.##";

double number = 123.45;

Locale enlocale = new Locale("en", "US");

Locale dalocale = new Locale("da", "DK");

DecimalFormat decimalFormat = (DecimalFormat) NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(enlocale);

decimalFormat.applyPattern(pattern);

System.out.println(decimalFormat.format(number));

decimalFormat = (DecimalFormat) NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(dalocale);

decimalFormat.applyPattern(pattern);

System.out.println(decimalFormat.format(number));

}

It will print the following result.

123.45

123,45

OutputOutput

Output

OutputOutput

Output

Java Internalization - DecimalFormatSymbolsJava Internalization - DecimalFormatSymbols

Java Internalization - DecimalFormatSymbols

ClassClass

Class

Using DecimalFormatSymbols class, the default separator symbols, grouping separator

symbols etc. can be changed. Following example is illustrating the same.

IOTester.java

import java.text.DecimalFormat;

import java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String pattern = "#,###.###";

double number = 126473.4567;

DecimalFormat decimalFormat = new DecimalFormat(pattern);

System.out.println(decimalFormat.format(number));

DecimalFormatSymbols decimalFormatSymbols = new DecimalFormatSymbols();

decimalFormatSymbols.setDecimalSeparator(';');

decimalFormatSymbols.setGroupingSeparator(':');

decimalFormat = new DecimalFormat(pattern, decimalFormatSymbols);

System.out.println(decimalFormat.format(number));

}

It will print the following result.

126,473.457

126:473;457

Java Internalization - Grouping DigitsJava Internalization - Grouping Digits

Java Internalization - Grouping Digits

Using setGroupingSize() method of DecimalFormat, default grouping of numbers can be

changed. Following example is illustrating the same.

IOTester.java

import java.text.DecimalFormat;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

double number = 121223232473.4567;

DecimalFormat decimalFormat = new DecimalFormat();

OutputOutput

Output

System.out.println(number);

System.out.println(decimalFormat.format(number));

decimalFormat.setGroupingSize(4);

System.out.println(decimalFormat.format(number));

}

It will print the following result.

1.212232324734567E11

121,223,232,473.457

1212,2323,2473.457

Java Internalization - DateFormat ClassJava Internalization - DateFormat Class

Java Internalization - DateFormat Class

java.text.DateFormat class formats dates as per the locale. As different coutries use

different formats to display dates. This class is extremely useful in dealing with dates in

internalization of application. Following example show how to create and use DateFormat

Class.

IOTester.java

import java.text.DateFormat;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.Locale;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Locale locale = new Locale("da","DK");

DateFormat dateFormat = DateFormat.getDateInstance();

System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));

dateFormat = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.DEFAULT, locale);

System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));

}

It will print the following result.

Nov 29, 2017

29-11-2017

OutputOutput

Output

OutputOutput

Output

Java Internalization - Formatting DatesJava Internalization - Formatting Dates

Java Internalization - Formatting Dates

DateFormat class provides various formats to format the date. Following is list of some of

the formats.

DateFormat.DEFAULT

DateFormat.SHORT

DateFormat.MEDIUM

DateFormat.LONG

DateFormat.FULL

In following example we'll show how to use different formats.

IOTester.java

import java.text.DateFormat;

import java.util.Date;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

DateFormat dateFormat = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.DEFAULT);

System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));

dateFormat = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.SHORT);

System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));

dateFormat = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.MEDIUM);

System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));

dateFormat = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.LONG);

System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));

dateFormat = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.FULL);

System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));

}

It will print the following result.

Nov 29, 2017

11/29/17

OutputOutput

Output

Nov 29, 2017

November 29, 2017

Wednesday, November 29, 2017

Java Internalization - Formatting TimeJava Internalization - Formatting Time

Java Internalization - Formatting Time

DateFormat class provides various formats to format the time.

DateFormat.getTimeInstance() method is to be used. See the example below.

In following example we'll show how to use different formats to format time.

IOTester.java

import java.text.DateFormat;

import java.util.Date;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

DateFormat dateFormat = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.DEFAULT);

System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));

dateFormat = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.SHORT);

System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));

dateFormat = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.MEDIUM);

System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));

dateFormat = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.LONG);

System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));

dateFormat = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.FULL);

System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));

}

It will print the following result.

4:11:21 PM

4:11 PM

4:11:21 PM

4:11:21 PM IST

OutputOutput

Output

Java Internalization - Formatting Date and TimeJava Internalization - Formatting Date and Time

Java Internalization - Formatting Date and Time

DateFormat class provides various formats to format the date and time together.

DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance() method is to be used. See the example below.

In following example we'll show how to use different formats to format date and time.

IOTester.java

It will print the following result.

Nov 29, 2017 4:16:13 PM

11/29/17 4:16 PM

Nov 29, 2017 4:16:13 PM

November 29, 2017 4:16:13 PM IST

Wednesday, November 29, 2017 4:16:13 PM IST

Java Internalization - SimpleDateFormat ClassJava Internalization - SimpleDateFormat Class

Java Internalization - SimpleDateFormat Class

import java.text.DateFormat;

import java.util.Date;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

DateFormat dateFormat = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.DEFAULT, DateFormat.DEFAU

System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));

dateFormat = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.SHORT, DateFormat.SHORT);

System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));

dateFormat = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.MEDIUM, DateFormat.MEDIUM);

System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));

dateFormat = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.LONG, DateFormat.LONG);

System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));

dateFormat = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.FULL, DateFormat.FULL);

System.out.println(dateFormat.format(new Date()));

}

OutputOutput

Output

java.text.SimpleDateFormat class formats dates as per the given pattern. It is also used to

parse dates from string where string contains date in mentioned format. See the following

example of using SimpleDateFormat class.

IOTester.java

import java.text.ParseException;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

import java.util.Date;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) throws ParseException {

String pattern = "dd-MM-yyyy";

SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);

Date date = new Date();

System.out.println(date);

System.out.println(simpleDateFormat.format(date));

String dateText = "29-11-2017";

date = simpleDateFormat.parse(dateText);

System.out.println(simpleDateFormat.format(date));

}

It will print the following result.

Wed Nov 29 17:01:22 IST 2017

29-11-2017

Java Internalization - Locale specificJava Internalization - Locale specific

Java Internalization - Locale specific

SimpleDateFormatSimpleDateFormat

SimpleDateFormat

Locale can be used to create locale specific formatting over a pattern in SimpleDateFormat

class. See the following example of using locale specific SimpleDateFormat class.

IOTester.java

import java.text.ParseException;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.Locale;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) throws ParseException {

OutputOutput

Output

Locale locale = new Locale("da", "DK");

String pattern = "EEEEE MMMMM yyyy";

SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);

Date date = new Date();

System.out.println(date);

System.out.println(simpleDateFormat.format(date));

simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern,locale);

System.out.println(simpleDateFormat.format(date));

}

It will print the following result.

Wed Nov 29 17:48:14 IST 2017

Wednesday November 2017

onsdag november 2017

Java Internalization - DecimalFormatSymbolsJava Internalization - DecimalFormatSymbols

Java Internalization - DecimalFormatSymbols

ClassClass

Class

Using DecimalFormatSymbols class, the default separator symbols, grouping separator

symbols etc. can be changed. Following example is illustrating the same.

IOTester.java

import java.text.DecimalFormat;

import java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String pattern = "#,###.###";

double number = 126473.4567;

DecimalFormat decimalFormat = new DecimalFormat(pattern);

System.out.println(decimalFormat.format(number));

DecimalFormatSymbols decimalFormatSymbols = new DecimalFormatSymbols();

decimalFormatSymbols.setDecimalSeparator(';');

decimalFormatSymbols.setGroupingSeparator(':');

decimalFormat = new DecimalFormat(pattern, decimalFormatSymbols);

System.out.println(decimalFormat.format(number));

}

OutputOutput

Output

It will print the following result.

126,473.457

126:473;457

Java Internalization - Date Format PatternsJava Internalization - Date Format Patterns

Java Internalization - Date Format Patterns

Followings is the use of characters in date formatting patterns.

Sr.No. Class & Description

To display Era.

To display Year. Valid values yy, yyyy.

To display Month. Valid values MM, MMM or MMMMM.

To display day of month. Valid values d, dd.

To display hour of day (1-12 AM/PM). Valid value hh.

To display hour of day (0-23). Valid value HH.

To display minute of hour (0-59). Valid value mm.

To display second of minute (0-59). Valid value ss.

OutputOutput

Output

To display milliseconds of minute (0-999). Valid value SSS.

10 E

To display Day in week (e.g Monday, Tuesday etc.)

11 D

To display Day in year (1-366).

12 F

To display Day of week in month (e.g. 1st Thursday of December).

13 w

To display Week in year (1-53).

14 W

To display Week in month (0-5)

15 a

To display AM / PM

16 k

To display Hour in day (1-24).

17 K

To display Hour in day, AM / PM (0-11).

18 z

To display Time Zone.

In this example, we're formatting dates based on different patterns.

IOTester.java

import java.text.ParseException;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

import java.util.Date;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) throws ParseException {

String pattern = "dd-MM-yy";

SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);

Date date = new Date();

System.out.println(simpleDateFormat.format(date));

pattern = "MM-dd-yyyy";

simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);

System.out.println(simpleDateFormat.format(date));

pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";

simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);

System.out.println(simpleDateFormat.format(date));

pattern = "EEEEE MMMMM yyyy HH:mm:ss.SSSZ";

simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);

System.out.println(simpleDateFormat.format(date));

}

It will print the following result.

29-11-17

11-29-2017

2017-11-29 18:47:42

Wednesday November 2017 18:47:42.787+0530

Java Internalization - UTCJava Internalization - UTC

Java Internalization - UTC

UTC stands for Co-ordinated Universal Time. It is time standard and is commonly used

across the world. All timezones are computed comparatively with UTC as offset. For

example, time in Copenhagen, Denmark is UTC + 1 means UTC time plus one hour. It is

independent of Day light savings and should be used to store date and time in databases.

Following example will showcase conversion of various timezones. We'll print hour of the

day and time in milliseconds. First will vary and second will remain same.

IOTester.java

import java.text.ParseException;

import java.util.Calendar;

import java.util.GregorianCalendar;

import java.util.TimeZone;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) throws ParseException {

Calendar date = new GregorianCalendar();

OutputOutput

Output

Conversion of time zonesConversion of time zones

Conversion of time zones

date.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("Etc/UTC"));

date.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 12);

System.out.println("UTC: " + date.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY));

System.out.println("UTC: " + date.getTimeInMillis());

date.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("Europe/Copenhagen"));

System.out.println("CPH: " + date.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY));

System.out.println("CPH: " + date.getTimeInMillis());

date.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("America/New_York"));

System.out.println("NYC: " + date.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY));

System.out.println("NYC: " + date.getTimeInMillis());

}

It will print the following result.

UTC: 12

UTC: 1511956997540

CPH: 13

CPH: 1511956997540

NYC: 7

NYC: 1511956997540

Following example will showcase the timezones available with the system.

IOTester.java

import java.text.ParseException;

import java.util.TimeZone;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) throws ParseException {

String[] availableIDs = TimeZone.getAvailableIDs();

for(String id : availableIDs) {

System.out.println("Timezone = " + id);

}

It will print the following result.

Timezone = Africa/Abidjan

Timezone = Africa/Accra

OutputOutput

Output

Available Time ZonesAvailable Time Zones

Available Time Zones

OutputOutput

Output

...

Timezone = VST

Java Internalization - Unicode ConversionJava Internalization - Unicode Conversion

Java Internalization - Unicode Conversion

from/to Stringfrom/to String

from/to String

In java, text is internally stored in Unicode format. If input/output is in differnt format then

conversion is required.

Following example will showcase conversion of a Unicode String to UTF8 byte[] and UTF8

byte[] to Unicode byte[].

IOTester.java

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

import java.text.ParseException;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) throws ParseException, UnsupportedEncodingException {

String unicodeString = "\u00C6\u00D8\u00C5" ;

//convert Unicode to UTF8 format

byte[] utf8Bytes = unicodeString.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));

printBytes(utf8Bytes, "UTF 8 Bytes");

//convert UTF8 format to Unicode

String converted = new String(utf8Bytes, "UTF8");

byte[] unicodeBytes = converted.getBytes();

printBytes(unicodeBytes, "Unicode Bytes");

}

public static void printBytes(byte[] array, String name) {

for (int k = 0; k < array.length; k++) {

System.out.println(name + "[" + k + "] = " + array[k]);

}

It will print the following result.

UTF 8 Bytes[0] = -61

UTF 8 Bytes[1] = -122

UTF 8 Bytes[2] = -61

UTF 8 Bytes[3] = -104

UTF 8 Bytes[4] = -61

ConversionConversion

Conversion

OutputOutput

Output

UTF 8 Bytes[5] = -123

Unicode Bytes[0] = -58

Unicode Bytes[1] = -40

Unicode Bytes[2] = -59

Java Internalization - Unicode ConversionJava Internalization - Unicode Conversion

Java Internalization - Unicode Conversion

from/to Reader/Writerfrom/to Reader/Writer

from/to Reader/Writer

Reader and Writer classes are character oriented stream classes. These can be used to

read and convert Unicode characters.

Following example will showcase conversion of a Unicode String to UTF8 byte[] and UTF8

byte[] to Unicode byte[] using Reader and Writer classes.

IOTester.java

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;

import java.io.Reader;

import java.io.Writer;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

import java.text.ParseException;

public class I18NTester {

public static void main(String[] args) throws ParseException, IOException {

String input = "This is a sample text" ;

InputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(input.getBytes());

//get the UTF-8 data

Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, Charset.forName("UTF-8"));

//convert UTF-8 to Unicode

int data = reader.read();

while(data != -1){

char theChar = (char) data;

System.out.print(theChar);

data = reader.read();

}

reader.close();

System.out.println();

//Convert Unicode to UTF-8 Bytes

ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

Writer writer = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream, Charset.forName("UTF-8"));

writer.write(input);

ConversionConversion

Conversion

Previous Page Next Page

writer.close();

String out = new String(outputStream.toByteArray());

System.out.println(out);

}

It will print the following result.

This is a sample text

OutputOutput

Output



Java Internalization Quick Guide

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