F LC 7500 Lamdachrome Laser Dyes
User Manual: LC-7500
Open the PDF directly: View PDF 
.
Page Count: 294
| Download | |
| Open PDF In Browser | View PDF |
Lambdachrome® Laser Dyes Ulrich Brackmann Ulrich Brackmann Lambdachrome ® Laser Dyes 3rd Edition Lambda Physik AG · D-37079 Goettingen · Germany Dr. Ulrich Brackmann Lambda Physik AG Hans-Boeckler-Strasse 12 D-37079 Goettingen · Germany Tel.: +49 (551) 6938-0 Lambda Physik AG Hans-Boeckler-Strasse 12 D-37079 Goettingen · Germany Tel.: +49 (551) 6938-0/0800EXCIMER Fax: +49 (551) 6869-1 Email: salesgermany@lambdaphysik.com Lambda Physik USA, Inc. 3201 West Commercial Boulevard Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309 · USA Tel.: +1 (800) EXCIMER/+1 (954) 486-1500 Fax: +1 (954) 486-1501 Email: laserdyes@lambdaphysik.com Marubun Corp. Marubun Daiya Building 8-1 Nihonbashi Odenmacho Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8577 · Japan Tel.: +81 (3) 3639-9811 Fax: +81 (3) 3662-1349 World Wide Web: www.lambdaphysik.com All laser dyes mentioned in this book are immediately available from Lambda Physik. For more information please call or write. All major credit cards accepted. Lambda Physik reserves the right to modify any information given herein. Every effort is made to ensure utmost accuracy; however, no liability is assumed for errors occurring in the tables. Lambdachrome ® is a registered trademark of Lambda Physik. Third Edition (January 2000) © 2000 · Lambda Physik AG · D-37079 Göttingen · Germany All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission of the publisher. Contents Preface to the 3rd Edition .................................................................................................. ix Preface to the 2nd Edition ................................................................................................. xi Preface to the First Edition ............................................................................................ xiii Dye Lasers and Laser Dyes ................................................. 1 Dye Solvents .................................................................... 9 Benzyl Alcohol ..................................................................................................................... 17 Cyclohexane .......................................................................................................................... 18 Dichloroethane ...................................................................................................................... 19 Dichloromethane .................................................................................................................. 20 Dioxane .................................................................................................................................. 21 DMSO ..................................................................................................................................... 23 Ethanol ................................................................................................................................... 24 Ethylene Glycol ..................................................................................................................... 26 Hexane .................................................................................................................................... 27 Methanol ................................................................................................................................ 28 Toluene .................................................................................................................................. 30 Laser Dyes ....................................................................... 32 BM-Terphenyl (LC 3300) ................................................................................................... 34 p-Terphenyl (LC 3400) ....................................................................................................... 36 TMQ (LC 3500) .................................................................................................................... 38 BMQ (LC 3570) .................................................................................................................... 40 DMQ (LC 3590) .................................................................................................................... 42 Butyl-PBD (LC 3600) .......................................................................................................... 44 PBD (LC 3640) ...................................................................................................................... 46 TMI (LC 3650) ...................................................................................................................... 48 QUI (LC 3690) ...................................................................................................................... 50 PPO (LC 3700) ...................................................................................................................... 52 PPF (LC 3720) ...................................................................................................................... 54 p-Quaterphenyl (LC 3740) ................................................................................................. 56 BBD (LC 3780) ..................................................................................................................... 58 Polyphenyl 1 (LC 3800) ...................................................................................................... 60 Polyphenyl 2 (LC 3810) ..................................................................................................... 62 BiBuQ (LC 3860) ................................................................................................................. 64 Quinolon 390 (LC 3900) ..................................................................................................... 66 TBS (LC 3930) ..................................................................................................................... 68 α-NPO (LC 3950) ................................................................................................................. 70 Furan 2 (LC 3990) ............................................................................................................... 72 PBBO (LC 4000) ................................................................................................................... 74 DPS (LC 4090) ..................................................................................................................... 76 Stilbene 1 (LC 4100) .......................................................................................................... 78 BBO (LC 4150) ..................................................................................................................... 80 Stilbene 3 (LC 4200) .......................................................................................................... 82 Carbostyryl 7 (LC 4220) ..................................................................................................... 84 POPOP (LC 4230) ................................................................................................................. 86 Coumarin 4 (LC 4240) ......................................................................................................... 88 Bis-MSB (LC 4250) ............................................................................................................. 90 Furan 1 (LC 4260) ............................................................................................................... 92 Carbostyryl 3 (LC 4350) ..................................................................................................... 94 Coumarin 120 (LC 4400) .................................................................................................... 96 Coumarin 2 (LC 4500) ......................................................................................................... 98 DASPI (LC 4650) ................................................................................................................ 100 Coumarin 466 (LC 4660) ...................................................................................................102 Coumarin 47 (LC 4700) .....................................................................................................104 Coumarin 102 (LC 4800) .................................................................................................. 106 Coumarin 152A (LC 4810) .................................................................................................108 Coumarin 152 (LC 4850) .................................................................................................. 110 Coumarin 151 (LC 4900) ...................................................................................................112 Coumarin 6H (LC 4910) .....................................................................................................114 Coumarin 307 (LC 5000) .................................................................................................. 116 Coumarin 500 (LC 5010) .................................................................................................. 118 Coumarin 314 (LC 5040) .................................................................................................. 120 Coumarin 510 (LC 5100) ...................................................................................................122 Coumarin 30 (LC 5150) .....................................................................................................124 Coumarin 334 (LC 5210) ...................................................................................................126 Coumarin 522 (LC 5220) ...................................................................................................128 DASBTI (LC 5280) ............................................................................................................. 130 Coumarin 7 (LC 5350) ........................................................................................................132 Brillantsulfaflavin (LC 5360) ...........................................................................................134 Coumarin 6 (LC 5370) ....................................................................................................... 136 Coumarin 153 (LC 5400) .................................................................................................. 138 DOCI (LC 5410) ....................................................................................................................140 Pyrromethene 546 (LC 5450) ............................................................................................142 DMETCI (LC 5460) ............................................................................................................. 144 Uranin (LC 5520) ............................................................................................................... 146 Fluorescein 27 (LC 5530) ................................................................................................. 148 Fluorol 7GA (LC 5550) ...................................................................................................... 150 Pyrromethene 556 (LC 5560) ........................................................................................... 152 Pyrromethene 567 (LC 5670) ............................................................................................154 Rhodamine 110 (LC 5700) .................................................................................................156 Rhodamine 19 (LC 5750) ...................................................................................................158 Pyrromethene 580 (LC 5805) ............................................................................................160 Rhodamine 6G (LC 5900) ...................................................................................................162 DQOCI (LC 5920) .................................................................................................................166 DCI-2 (LC 5950) ...................................................................................................................168 Pyrromethene 597 (LC 5970) ............................................................................................170 Rhodamine B (LC 6100) ....................................................................................................172 Sulforhodamine B (LC 6200) ...........................................................................................174 Malachit Green (LC 6220) .................................................................................................176 DTCI (LC 6250) ....................................................................................................................178 DQTCI (LC 6290) .................................................................................................................180 Rhodamine 101 (LC 6400) .................................................................................................182 DCM (LC 6500) ....................................................................................................................184 Pyrromethene 650 (LC 6505) ............................................................................................186 DODCI (LC 6550) .................................................................................................................188 Sulforhodamine 101 (LC 6600) ........................................................................................190 Cresyl Violet (LC 6700) ......................................................................................................192 Phenoxazone 9 (LC 6750) ..................................................................................................194 Nile Blue (LC 6900) ...........................................................................................................196 Oxazine 4 (LC 6950) ...........................................................................................................198 Rhodamine 700 (LC 7000) .................................................................................................200 Pyridine 1 (LC 7100) ..........................................................................................................202 Carbazine 122 (LC 7200) ...................................................................................................204 Oxazine 170 (LC 7210) .......................................................................................................206 Oxazine 1 (LC 7250) ...........................................................................................................208 DTDCI (LC 7260) .................................................................................................................210 Oxazine 750 (LC 7270) .......................................................................................................212 Pyridine 2 (LC 7300) ..........................................................................................................214 HIDCI (LC 7400) ...................................................................................................................216 Cryptocyanine (LC 7450) ...................................................................................................218 Styryl 6 (LC 7500) ..............................................................................................................220 Styryl 8 (LC 7550) ..............................................................................................................222 DDI (LC 7700) ......................................................................................................................224 Pyridine 4 (LC 7710) ..........................................................................................................226 Methyl-DOTCI (LC 7800) ...................................................................................................228 Styryl 11 (LC 7950) ............................................................................................................230 Rhodamine 800 (LC 8000) .................................................................................................232 Styryl 9M (LC 8400) ...........................................................................................................234 HITCI (LC 8500) ...................................................................................................................238 IR 125 (LC 8630) ..................................................................................................................240 DTTCI (LC 8760) .................................................................................................................242 IR 144 (LC 8800) ..................................................................................................................244 Styryl 15 (LC 8810) ............................................................................................................246 DNTTCI (LC 8850) ..............................................................................................................248 HDITCI (LC 9200) ................................................................................................................250 DDTTCI (LC 9280) ..............................................................................................................252 DDCI-4 (LC 9300) ................................................................................................................254 IR 140 (LC 9310) ..................................................................................................................256 Styryl 14 (LC 9450) ............................................................................................................258 IR 132 (LC 9500) ..................................................................................................................260 Styryl 20 (LC 9940) ............................................................................................................262 IR 26 (LC 1080) ....................................................................................................................264 IR 5 (LC 1090) ......................................................................................................................266 Saturable Absorbers ..........................................................................................................268 Reference List ......................................................................................................................271 Tuning Curves ............................................................... 274 Preface to the 3rd Edition Dyes and solvents from Lambda Physik periodically change in availability and composition. In order to ensure that researchers and users of Lambda Physik products have the most up-to-date information possible, this 3rd Edition of Lambdachrome ® Laser Dyes is provided as an update to previous editions. Lambda Physik reserves the right to modify any information given herein. Every effort is made to ensure utmost accuracy; however, no liability is assumed for errors occurring in the tables. January 2000 Preface to the 2nd Edition The second edition of Lambdachrome ® Laser Dyes has been updated with additional dyes, dye laser measurements, and evaluation of the latest literature. In this way it should be possible for any dye laser user to get a quick overview of the most important information regarding the use of laser dyes. Meanwhile, the standard dye laser technique has been completed by several solid state lasers showing very interesting features such as high operating lifetime of the active medium and high output power in a small IR spectral range (compared to the accessible fundamental tuning range of an excimer laser pumped dye). However, the use of laser dyes still guarantees: • easy tunability over a wide range of frequencies or wavelengths without the need of changing gratings or mirrors • hyperfine tuning • high average power in pulsed and cw operation mode • high peak power • ideal light source for the generation of ultrashort pulses February 1994 Preface to the 1st Edition The intention of this book is to give information on the most frequently asked questions about commercially available dyes, their chemical formulas, lasing wavelengths, solvents, pump sources, performance, and literature references. The following topics are discussed: • Solvents frequently used for laser dyes and their general and physical properties, safety precautions, and waste disposal procedures • General considerations about the choice of a solvent for laser dyes, solvent handling, preparation of dye solutions, and the cleaning of the dye circulation system • Precautions for the use of laser dyes and their solutions • All Lambdachrome ® laser dyes are listed, including more than one hundred dyes along with their chemical names, chemical structures, trivial names, and trade names • Absorption and fluorescence data in addition to appearance • The absorption spectrum of each dye • The application of the dyes in a variety of solvents under the most common pumping conditions as well as the dye laser characteristics (peak, range, efficiency, concentration, and solvent) • Tuning curves for excimer, nitrogen, and ion laser pumped dye lasers • Several hundred literature references This book is written for general users of dye lasers. Researchers of laser dyes may refer to the mentioned publications for more detailed information. July 1985 Dye Lasers and Laser Dyes Dye lasers are "the fulfillment of an experimenter's pipe dream that was as old as the laser itself: To have a laser that is easily tunable over a wide range of frequencies or wavelengths" (Schaefer, 1977). Dye lasers can be pumped by incoherent or laser sources, both pulsed and continuous wave (CW), and offer the possibilities of broad wavelength control, multijoule pulsed operation, ultranarrow linewidths, or ultrashort pulses. They are conveniently divided into three broad technological categories: • Continuous-wave jet-streamed dye lasers can provide narrow CW bandwidths and can be synchronously pumped or passively modelocked to generate short pulses. • Flashlamp-pumped dye lasers have a larger bandwidth and less wavelength stability than CW laser-pumped dye lasers, but they have the advantage that large volumes of active dye medium can be pumped, yielding large output pulse energies and active powers. • Dye lasers that are pumped by Cu vapor or nitrogen, excimer lasers, and the frequency-doubled or -tripled output from pulsed Nd:YAG lasers provide high peak powers. Also, the pulse duration of 4 to 60 nsec makes narrow bandwidths and a high spectral purity possible. Typical output characteristics from commercial dye lasers are shown in Table 1. Continuous-Wave Dye Lasers CW laser systems consist of three major elements: the optical resonator, the dye flow system, and the tuning element. The resonator is responsible for maintaining a rigid optical alignment of all cavity components. The dye Table 1. Commercial Dye Laser Output Characteristics Pump Source Argon/Krypton Ion Laser Flashlamp Nd:YAG Excimer CW Mode-Locked/ Laser Laser Cavity Dumped Tuning Range [nm] 380-950 580-880 335-850 410-880 320-1,024 Average Power [W] 5 0.1 3 2 10 Repetition Rate [Hz] CW 3.8M 2-30 10-40 1-500 Peak Power [kW] 10 7,000 20,000 10,000 Energy/pulse [mJ] 0.01 3,500 10-120 40-120 Pulsewidth [nsec] 0.0001 260-600 5-10 7-250 Linewidth [GHz] 0.0005 to 40 Various 2 0.6 0.15 1 flow system, consisting of dye, circulation pump, and dye jet nozzle, must provide an optically flat stream of dye across the laser's optical axis. The tuning element allows the user to continuously tune to the required output wavelength. Excitation in a CW dye laser is provided by an input pump beam from another CW light source, typically an ion laser. This beam is focused onto the dye stream and causes an extremely high level of fluorescence. The fluorescence is focused between two highly reflective concave mirrors that feed back the fluorescent light, initiating the lasing process. The dye laser emission described above is broadband, typically exhibiting a 40-GHz linewidth. Many applications require narrow-linewidth singlefrequency operation. This is accomplished by inserting one or two etalons into the dye laser cavity. A dye laser with an etalon, when coupled with electronic stabilization, can narrow the linewidth to less than 1 MHz. Pulsed Dye Lasers Of the various pulsed dye lasers, two types tend to dominate because of their versatility, broad spectral coverage and high output power. They are Nd:YAG and excimer pumped dye lasers. The use of Nd:YAG and excimer pump lasers allows dye laser pulses to be produced at energy levels up to 100 mJ or more. Their performance is wavelength-dependent. At the long wavelengths, more energy is provided by pumping with a frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG than with an excimer laser. However, UV-emitting excimer pumps allow dye lasers to operate directly at UV wavelengths down to 308 nm and at repetition rates of 500 Figure 1. Tuning Range of Dyes for Excimer-Pumped Dye Lasers 2 Hz. The strongest Nd:YAG lasing line is at 1064 nm, which is unsuitable to pump dyes. Fortunately, its high peak power and near-diffraction-limited beam quality lend themselves to rather efficient frequency doubling, tripling and quadrupling. This provides suitable pump wavelengths of 532, 355, and 266 nm. Considerable engineering effort has gone into reducing the intensity fluctuations that are amplified by the inherent nonlinear frequencydoubling process. The tuning range can be covered by using one of these pump wavelengths and an appropriate dye. The Nd:YAG laser has certain advantages with respect to the efficient pumping with certain dyes, especially when pumped longitudinally, i.e., collinearly to the laser beam. Rhodamine 6G, for example, can be excited very efficiently in this manner (>50 percent). Since excellent beam quality is achieved with the longitudinal arrangement, one also gets high conversion rates with all nonlinear frequency changes (by frequency mixing, 367 nm, and by frequency doubling, 280 nm). The discovery of rare gas halide lasers, i.e., the excimer laser, in 1976, introduced a new and powerful tool for dye laser pumping. It combines the advantages of the nitrogen system (high repetition rate, ease of operation, and low cost) with those of the Nd:YAG system (high peak power and sufficiently long pulse duration). Furthermore, the excimer laser is scalable to very high repetition rates (>1 kHz) and high pulse energies (>1 J). Figure 2. Extension of Tuning Range of Pulsed Dye Lasers into UV 3 Excimer laser wavelengths range from 193 nm (ArF) to 351 nm (XeF). The strongest lines are at 248 nm (KrF) and 308 nm (XeCl). Most dyes have an absorption band at 308 nm. The result is that nearly the entire range of commercially available dyes can be pumped with a XeCl laser (see Figure 1). A major advantage of pulsed dye lasers over CW is the ease with which the output can be frequency-doubled, thus extending the tuning range into the UV. Using a combination of KDP and BBO (beta barium borate) crystals, wavelengths from 207 to 350 nm can be produced. Further extension down to 197 nm can be achieved by frequency mixing (see Figure 2). Dyes Dyes, either as solutions or vapors, are the active medium in pulsed and CW dye lasers as well as ultrafast shutters for Q-switching and passive modelocking. They emit in a comparatively narrow spectral region (typically 30 nm); thus a variety of dyes is necessary in order to cover the entire (visible) spectral range (Figure 1). Figure 3. Schematic Energy Levels of Dye Molecule. 4 The optical excitation of dyes corresponds to transitions of molecules in the singlet state, with the absorption S 0 --> S 1 being the strongest (see Figure 3), and is specific for each dye molecule. For optimum pumping (S 0 --> S 1 ) of the various dyes, one would therefore need a number of pump-laser wavelengths. Fortunately, nearly all dyes have additional absorption bands in the UV range (see Figure 4). These absorptions correspond to transitions to higher singlet states (Figure 3) from which fast internal relaxation processes lead to the upper laser level (S 1 ) with high quantum efficiency. This is the reason most dyes can be pumped by a single UV laser. However, the attractive excitation scheme of one pump laser for all dyes brings other problems: (a) The inner efficiency of dye lasers is lower as a result of excitation in higher S-states because a considerable part of the excitation energy is converted into heat (large Stokes shift). However, the high efficiency of pulsed lasers more than compensates for this disadvantage. Figure 4. Absorption Bands of Rhodamine 6G Note the small absorption cross section of UV wavelengths. 5 (b) A multiphoton excitation can lead to destruction of the cell and the solvent molecules. In this process, a previously excited molecule absorbs additional photons (sequential absorption), or a molecule absorbs several photons at the same time. In these absorption processes, the molecule can absorb so much energy that the binding energy is surpassed, and the molecule dissociates, or at least changes, its structure. This process is more probable during excitation with UV light than with visible light. Thus, one must expect a reduced photostability of the dye when pumping with UV light. The photostability of the most common dyes is summarized in Table 2 (Antonov and Hohla, 1983). For example, the value of 50 Wh/l corresponds to 5 x 10 5 total shots as the point at which the dye laser energy falls to 50 percent of the initial value, i.e., when the dye solution (one liter) is excited with 360 mJ per pulse at 10 Hz. (c) Another problem results from the small absorption cross section at short wavelengths (Figure 4). To excite as many molecules as possible, a very high pump power density I p (I p being inversely proportional to the absorption cross section), or high dye concentrations is required. I p is limited to values <30 MW/cm 2 due to the stability of most solvents. To Table 2. Photochemical Stablility of Laser Dyes Dye Center of Excimer-pumped CW laser-pumped Emission [nm] [Wh] [Wh] p-Terphenyl 340 451 QUI 380 1457 Polyphenyl 1 380 870 Stilbene 1 410 10 200 Stilbene 3 430 14 300 Coumarin 2 450 31 100 Coumarin 47 470 45 Coumarin 102 480 244 100 Coumarin 30 515 100 Rhodamine 6G 590 316 1000 Rhodamine B 610 144 200 DCM 650 348 500 Rhodamine 700 700 80 1000 Styryl 9 840 73 500 HITCI 875 12 100 IR 140 960 10 100 6 keep I p as low as possible, high-power dye lasers have to be pumped transversely. Transverse pumping configurations have been used for some time, and in contrast to the end-on pumped configurations, they lead to a non-Gaussian energy distribution, for which rising spatial filters can compsensate. There are two types of transverse-pumped dye laser cells: the longitudinal and the transverse flowing. The transverse configuration, in which the dye flows vertically to the dye laser, results in a high repetition rate, whereas longitudinal flowing, in which dye flows in the direction of the dye laser, is characterized by a symmetrical energy distribution but small repetition rates. 7 References Antonov, V. V. and K. L. Hohla. Appl. Phys. B30 (1983): 109 - 166, B32 (1983): 9 - 14 Berlman, I. B. Handbook of Fluorescence Spectra of Aromatic Molecules. 2d ed. New York, New York, USA: Academic Press, 1971. Birks, J. B. Photophysics of Aromatic Molecules. New York, New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons, 1970. Brackmann, U. Lambdachrome Laser Dyes. First edition compendium. Goettingen, Germany: Lambda Physik GmbH, 1986. Drexhage, K. H. "Structure and Properties of Laser Dyes." Dye Lasers. Vol. 1 Topics in Applied Physics, F. P. Schaefer, ed. (1973/1977) Springer Verlag, Hamburg, Germany. Jaffe, H. H. and M. Orchin. Theory and Applications of Ultraviolet Spectroscopy. New York, New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons, 1962. Maeda, M. Laser Dyes. Tokyo, Japan: Ohmsha Ltd./Tokyo, Japan, Orlando, Florida, USA, & London, UK: Academic Press, 1984. Schaefer, F. P. Dye Lasers. 2d ed Vol. 1. Topics in Applied Physics, F. P. Schaefer, ed. (1977) Springer Verlag, New York, New York, USA. Steppel, R. "Organic Dye Lasers." Lasers and Masers. Vol. 1. Handbook of Science and Technology. M. J. Wever, ed. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press, 1982. Suzuki, H. Electronic Absorption Spectra and Geometry of Organic Molecules. New York, New York, USA: 1967. 8 Dye Solvents The heart of any dye laser is the laser dye. Either dissolved in an appropriate solvent or in a vapor state, these very often highly colored substances play the major role in the overall performance of any dye laser. Both pulsed and continuous operation is possible. In addition, their unique photophysical properties make them ideal candidates for the generation of ultrashort light pulses. With mode-locking, pulses shorter than 100 femtoseconds have been obtained. Hyperfine tuning of the output has permitted many exciting experiments in spectroscopy. Solvents for Laser Dyes Prepared laser dye solutions usually contain very small quantities of dye. Typical dye concentrations are 10 2 to 10 5 molar. For this reason, the solvent in which the dye is dissolved plays an important role when defining physical properties and potential hazards. Lasing wavelength and energy are very sensitive to the choice of solvent. Most laser dyes are polar molecules, and excitation into their lowest-lying singlet state is accompanied by an increase in the dipole moment. Accordingly, solvent polarity plays an important role in shifting the lasing wavelength. In a majority of circumstances, increasing solvent polarity will shift the gain curve toward longer wavelength. In the case of more polar dyes, the shift can be as high as 20-60 nm. Table 3 gives an impression of this effect (Drexhage, 1973). Some solvents cannot be used with longer wavelength lasing dyes because the solvents have vibrational overtones that interfere with the lasing process. Solvents such as water, methanol and ethanol, which would appear to be optimal for many dyes, are often not useful solvents for near-IR and IR dyes Table 3. Maximum of Main Absorption Band in Different Solvents RHODAMINE 6G Solvent Labs [nm] HFIP 514 TFE 516 EtOH 530 DPA 537 DMSO 540 COUMARIN 102 SolventLabs [nm] HFIP 418 TFE 405 MeOH 390 NMP 383 9 because of the presence of hydroxyl group overtones in this spectral range. Accordingly, the solvent DMSO or polychlorinated aromatics, which lack hydroxyl resonances, are commonly used for dyes that lase in the near-IR and IR regions of the spectrum. Unfortunately these solvents are toxic. DMSO especially facilitates the transfer of toxic dyes through the skin and into the body if accidentally spilled. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that all laser dyes and solutions containing laser dyes are handled in well ventilated environments. All individuals handling the solutions should wear rubber gloves. A summary is given below of the general and physical properties, application, and safety of the most frequently used solvents for laser dyes. Most of this information has been taken from the literature cited at the end of this article. Choice of Solvent Although very often a specific solvent is recommended for use with a particular dye, it is important to recognize that other solvents can also be used, particularly if the user is interested in shifting the gain curve to different wavelengths. The following are criteria for choosing appropriate solvents for laser dyes: a) The solvent must be transparent at the pump wavelength and the emission wavelength of the dye laser. b) The dye should be soluble in the solvent under consideration. In all cases, the rule "similia similibus solvuntur" applies, meaning that the solubility of nonpolar dyes, e.g. PTP, in nonpolar solvents, e.g. cyclohexane, is greater than in polar solvents, e.g. methanol, and vice versa. c) The solvent must be photochemically stable when exposed to the pump light. In particular, solvents containing chlorine, such as chloroform, and secondary alcohols, such as isopropanol, are not useful as solvents for laser dyes because of their low photochemical stability. d) Some solvents are often not useful for near-IR and IR dyes due to the presence of hydroxyl group overtones in this spectral region (see above). The following solvents are recommended for different pumping conditions: a) Those appropriate for pumping with a pump source emitting below 300 nm (e.g., KrF: 248 nm, Nd:YAG 4th harmonic: 266 nm): • Cyclohexane • Ethylene glycol • Glycerol • Trifluoroethanol • p-Dioxane 10 • Ethanol • Methanol • Hexafluoroisopropanol b) Solvents appropriate for pumping with a pump source emitting between 300 and 400 nm (e.g., XeCl: 308 nm, nitrogen: 337 nm, Nd:YAG 3rd harmonic: 355 nm), in addition to those listed in (a): • N,N-Dipropylacetamide • Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) • N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) • Tetrahydrofurane • 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) • Tetrahydrothiophenedioxide (sulfolane) c) Appropriate solvents for pumping in the visible and near-IR spectral range (e.g., Nd:YAG 2nd harmonic: 532 nm, CW-ion lasers), in addition to those listed in (a) and (b): • Toluene • Chlorobenzene • Chloroform • Benzylalcohol • 1,2-Dichloroethane • 1,1,1-Trichloroethane • o-Dichlorobenzene • Dichloromethane Purity of Solvent The output power of dye lasers is strongly dependent on the purity of the solvent. Impurities and additives may strongly affect upper state lifetime of the dye or may catalyse photochemical reactions. Therefore, for best results, only high quality solvents are to be recommended. Very often we are asked whether it is necessary to use spectroscopic grade solvents. Our experience is that it is NOT necessary. Commercially available qualities of the grade "pro analysis" (p.a.) or "for synthesis" are sufficient for dye laser applications. Some suppliers will call them HPLC. However, bulk quantities of these solvents are very often of poor quality and are not offered as p.a. grade. Under such circumstances, it is highly recommended that the transparency of the solvent is checked in a 1 cm cuvette at the pump wavelength of the dye laser with a simple absorption spectrometer. The measured value should be greater than 98 percent. 11 Solvent Handling With the exception of water, all solvents should be considered hazardous. In many instances, the solvent in which the dye is dissolved plays a major role in the hazard presented by the final solution. Some of the solvents listed above are highly toxic, irritants, narcotics, and/or anaesthetics. These hazards must be addressed carefully in dye handling and solution preparation. Nearly all solvents are highly flammable. Therefore, a small fire extinguisher should be installed near the laser in a readily accessible and unobstructed area. A particular fire hazard that is not commonly known occurs with nonpolar and, hence, nonconductive solvents. If these solvents are circulated at a high speed through plastic tubings, the pump unit acts as a van de Graff generator, producing up to 100 kV, and sparks may pierce the tubing and ignite the solvent. The dye selectors use grounding wires inside the plastic tubings to eliminate these problems. However, when using such solvents, check first for static electricity before opening the reservoir. Static electricity is present when hair on the back of your hand or forearm is attracted to the plastic tubing. Do not circulate dye solutions made with such solvents for more than a minute, unless the cuvette has been placed into the crate and is grounded. Preparation of the Dye Solution As a rule of thumb, the dye concentration is selected to absorb 90 percent of the pump light within 0.5 mm, or the dye solution has to have an absorbance of OD = 2/mm for the wavelength of the pump light. When in doubt about the concentration of the dye solution, measure the absorbance of the dye solution used for the oscillator in a spectrophotometer, using either a 1 mm cuvette or, after diluting by a factor of 10, a 10 mm standard cuvette. The cuvettes must be of fused-silica type if you measure the absorbance for a pump wavelength smaller than 300 nm. The absorbance of your oscillator dye solution should be within the range of OD = 1.8 to 2.2/mm. For an unknown dye, dissolve a known amount (a few milligrams) in a known volume and measure the absorbance at the pump wavelength in use; the dye concentration (in g/l) is then calculated according Beer's law: 20 g/l =---------------------------OD (solution/10 mm) x g (sample) ------------------Vol (sample) The measurements should, of course, be made against pure solvent in a cuvette of the same pathlength in the reference beam of the spectrophotometer. 12 A concentration of OD = 2/mm is convenient for the oscillator solution. The amplifier needs only 1/3 this concentration. The amplifier solution is prepared by filling the reservoir bottle of the amplifier circulator with one part stock solution and then adding two parts pure solvent. To prepare the dye solution, weigh out the amount of dye and transfer it into a 500 ml (or 1 liter) glass bottle. If some are available, use brown bottles. Make sure that the entire measure of dye is transferred to the bottle and be careful not to spill it. Most errors occur at this step. Fill the bottle to the 500 ml (or 1 liter) mark. Adding 10 percent more or less solvent does not affect the operation appreciably. Make the stock solution "fatter" than recommended, since solvent can always be added directly to the reservoir of the circulators later on. Some dyes do not dissolve instantly. Use of an ultrasonic bath is recommended. NOTICE: Do not use the dye solution until it is completely translucent and no floating dye particles are observed. Some dyes have to be used close to their saturation level. It may take some dyes up to 30 minutes to dissolve completely. If necessary, heat gently and with caution. Optimizing the Dye Solution There is an optimum concentration for a given dye gain, i.e. for a given dye, wavelength, and input power. This optimum concentration may vary from that giving an optical density of OD = 2/mm. Higher concentrations will cause a slightly red shift the tuning curves, while lower concentrations will result in a blue shift. Optimization of the dye concentration is accomplished by adding either pure solvent or solution of higher concentration than that recommended in small increments to the solution in the dye circulation system until power is at maximum. The concentrations for the amplifier solutions of excimer and Nd:YAG-pumped dye lasers are about 1/3 and 1/6 of the oscillator solutions, respectively. Cleaning the Dye Circulation System Should it be necessary to change the dye solution, it is only necessary to rinse three times with 100 to 200 ml of solvent. It is recommended that the dye filter be changed. If it is not possible to change the dye selector when changing the dye, especially when going from a longer wavelength to a shorter one, the cuvette, the reservoir, the pump, and the tubings must be carefully cleaned and 13 the filter must be exchanged. The cleaning process is complete only when no fluorescence is observed after rinsing for approximately 15 minutes. It is advisable to use small quantities of solvent and few rinses. The rinsing process can take many hours. Low output power on changing the dyes can often be traced to dye residue in the pump and the tubings. Precautions for the Use of Laser Dyes Cautious handling of dyes and dye solutions is advised, especially because those used in the infrared may be toxic or because solvents such as DMSO, Methanol, Dioxane, and Benzyl Alcohol have the ability to carry their solutes through the skin and into the body (Mosovsky, 1983; Kues, 1975). In most cases the exact toxicity of laser dyes is not well known, but they should, like all chemicals, be considered dangerous until proven otherwise. The safest precaution is to use butyl rubber gloves when handling the dye solutions and to immediately clean any skin that comes into contact with the dye solutions or the dye itself. Solvents should be kept away from heat, sparks, and open flames because they are extremely flammable or combustible. They should be handled in a hood due to their stench or potential danger if inhaled. Lambda Physik provides, on request, a complete set of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). These data sheets give more information on laser dye toxicity, hazards, and recommended controls. As already mentioned above, the exact toxicity of laser dyes is not well known in most cases. Therefore, it is important to know that the MSDS only describes general aspects of dye toxicity. NOTICE: The responsibility for the safe use of our Lambdachrome laser dyes rests with the user. Hazards Solvents should be handled only by qualified people trained in laboratory procedures and familiar with their potential hazards. Some solvents are highly toxic, irritants, narcotics, and/or anaesthetics. Some form hazardous compounds upon decomposition; others are highly reactive. In the following tables, hazard warnings and literature references, such as Sax (Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials) and the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) are provided, so that the information about possible hazards are available to the trained technical person using the dye, solvent, and/or dye solution. 14 The absence of a warning must not be interpreted as an indication of safety. In several cases information is not available on the possible hazards of many compounds. Waste Disposal Procedures The disposal methods outlined below are intended as guides to the users of laser dye solutions or solvents. Careful consideration must be given to the chemical and physical properties of the substances. In addition, local laws and regulations may preclude the use of these methods which are primarily designed for quantities of one to five liters. All federal, state, and local laws concerning health and pollution must be observed. Definitions Boiling point The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the opposing pressure. Values listed in the tables refer to an opposing pressure of 760 torr unless otherwise stated. Density The density of a substance is defined as the mass per unit of volume. Dielectric constant A measure of the relative effect a solvent has on the electronic force with which two oppositely charged plates are attracted to each other. Flash point The flash point is usually not considered a common physical property. It is included because of its widespread use in classifying solvents for storage and shipping. Ionization potential The work (expressed in electron volts) required to remove a given electron from its atomic orbit and place it at rest at an infinite distance. Melting point The temperature at which a solid compound changes into the liquid state. Minimum ignition temperature The minimum temperature at which, under certain conditions, the mixture combined with air may ignite. 15 Molecular weight The sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule. Refractive index The the ratio of the velocity of light in a particular substance to the velocity of light in vacuum. Values usually reported refer to the ratio of the velocity in air to that in the substance saturated with air. Threshold Limit Value (TLV) The maximum permissible concentration of a chemical that is permissable for prolonged exposure. The TLV gives a conentration of vapors to which an average sized person can safely be exposed for 8 hours per day, 5 days per week. Viscosity The coefficient of viscosity is defined as the force per unit area necessary to maintain a unit velocity gradient between two parallel planes a unit distance apart. 16 Benzyl Alcohol Phenylcarbinol General Properties Colorless liquid with aromatic odor. It is only slightly soluble in water. Physical Properties Molecular weight: Freezing point (°C): Boiling point (°C): Flash point (°C): Min. ignition temp. (°C): Density (g/cm 3 ): Refractive Index: Viscosity (cPoise): Dielectric constant: Ionization potential (eV): Solubility: Optical properties: Wavelength (nm) Transmission (%) 108.14 -15.3 205.45 100 435 1.049315 1.041325 1.0376530 1.5403520 1.45383725 7.7615 4.6535 13.1 9.14 0.08% in water, organic solvents 290 4 300 23 310 70 320 85 340 90 350 95 380 98 Application Benzyl alcohol, due to its high viscosity, is a frequently used solvent in jet stream dye lasers. Its dissolving capacity makes it suitable for polar dyes like Coumarins. Safety RTECS # DN3150000; Sax 5, 409 · TLV: Hazards Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. Benzyl alcohol is a toxic solvent. It is believed that benzyl alcohol that is present in a poorly ventilated area is the cause of violent headaches, vertigo, nausea, and other symptoms. Safety Precautions In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Don't smoke, eat, or drink when handling the solvent. Keep all containers and solutions tightly closed. WasteDisposal Procedures Do not dispose of Benzyl Alcohol in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled, suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental regulations. 17 Cyclohexane Hexahydrobenzene General Properties Colorless, water insoluble, highly flammable liquid. Sweet, aromatic odor. Physical Properties Molecular weight: Freezing point (°C): Boiling point (°C): Flash point (°C): Min. ignition temp. (°C): Densitiy (g/cm 3 ): Refractive Index: Viscosity (cPoise): Dielectric constant: Ionization potential (eV): Solubility: Optical properties: Wavelength (nm) Transmission (%) 84.16 6.54 80.73 -18 260 0.778525 0.773825 1.426220 1.423525 0.9820 0.89825 2.023 9.8 0.01% in water, nonpolar organic solvents 200 5 210 15 220 45 230 75 240 90 250 98 300 100 Application Suitable solvent for nonpolar laser dyes like p-Terphenyl. Its high optical transparency in the UV allows the application in dye lasers pumped below 300 nm. The photochemical stability of Cyclohexane is poor. Safety RTECS # GU6300000; Sax 6, 831 · TLV: 300 ppm or 1050 mg/m 3 Hazards Highly flammable. Absorbed by inhalation. The vapor is mildly irritating to the mucous membranes. The liquid is a fat solvent and thus irritates the skin. Safety Precautions Keep container in a well-ventilated place. Keep away from source of ignition. Take precautionary measures against static dis-charges. Avoid skin contact. Do not smoke, eat, or drink when handling the solvent. Keep all containers tightly closed away from sparks and open flames. Waste Disposal Procedures Do not dispose of Cyclohexane in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled, suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental regulations. 18 Dichloroethane Ethylene chloride · 1,2-Dichloroethane General Properties Dichloroethane is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with a sweet odor. Physical Properties Molecular weight: Freezing point (°C): Boiling point (°C): Flash point (°C): Min. ignition temp. (°C): Density (g/cm 3 ): Refractive Index: Viscosity (cPoise): Dielectric constant: Ionization potential (eV): Solubility: Optical properties: Wavelength (nm) Transmission (%) 98.96 -35.7 83.5 13 440 1.253120 1.245825 1.2383 30 1.444820 1.442125 0.88715 0.7330 10.36 11.12 0.81% in water, organic solvents 225 10 230 30 240 80 250 95 260 98 270 98 300 98 Application See Dichloromethane. Safety RTECS # KI0525000; Sax 6, 944 · TLV: 50 ppm or 200 mg/m 3 Hazards Highly flammable. Harmful by inhalation. One can become adapted to the odor of Dichloroethane at low concentrations, therefore it cannot be considered as a reliable warning. The acute and chronic effects of the solvent can be significant. Safety Precautions Keep container tightly closed. Keep away from sources of ignition. Do not smoke. Take precautionary measures against static discharges. Waste Disposal Procedures Do not dispose of Dichloroethane in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled, suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental regulations. 19 Dichloromethane Methylene chloride General Properties Dichloromethane is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with a sweet odor. Physical Properties Molecular weight: Freezing point (°C): Boiling point (°C): Flash point (°C): Min. ignition temp. (°C): Densitiy (g/cm 3 ): Refractive Index: Viscosity (cPoise): Dielectric constant: Ionization potential (eV): Solubility: Optical properties: Wavelength (nm) Transmission (%) 84.93 -95.1 39.8 0 605 1.334815 1.316825 1.3078 30 1.424220 1.421225 0.44915 0.39330 8.93 11.35 1.3 % in water, organic solvents 230 10 240 70 250 95 255 98 270 98 290 98 300 98 Application Dichloromethane is used as solvent for laser dyes and saturable absorbers absorbing in the near infrared spectral region. Safety RTECS # PA8050000; Sax 6, 1763 · TLV: 500 ppm or 1750 mg/m 3 Hazards Harmful by inhalation. The toxic effect of Dichloromethane is predominately narcosis. It is mildly irritating to the skin on repeat contact if free to evaporate. It is painful to the eyes but no permanent damage may be expected. Safety Precautions Avoid contact with skin. Do not smoke, eat, or drink when handling the solvent. Waste Disposal Procedures Do not dispose of Dichloromethane in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled, suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental regulations. 20 Dioxane p-Dioxane General Properties Colorless, volatile, and very hygroscopic liquid with slightly aromatic taste. Physical Properties Molecular weight: Freezing point (°C): Boiling point (°C): Flash point (°C): Min. ignition temp. (°C): Densitiy (g/cm 3 ): Refractive Index: Viscosity (cPoise): Dielectric constant: Ionization potential (eV): Solubility: Optical properties: Wavelength (nm) Transmission (%) 88.11 11.8 101.32 12 375 1.033620 1.02825 1.4224120 1.4202525 1.43915 1.08730 2.209 9.13 in water, organic solvents 225 40 240 50 250 60 260 70 280 85 290 93 300 98 Application Its high photochemical stability and excellent dissolving capacity makes dioxane a versatile solvent for UV and Coumarin dyes. Safety RTECS # JG8225000; Sax 6, 1227 · TLV: 100 ppm, 360 mg/m 3 Hazards Highly flammable. May form explosive peroxides. Harmful by inhalation. Painful to the eyes and irritating to the skin upon prolonged contact. It can be absorbed through the skin in toxic amounts. Dioxane is insidious. Its vapors have poor warning properties; they are faint and inoffensive. Concentrations in air of 300 ppm cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. The vapors can be inhaled in amounts that cause serious systemic injury. Safety Precautions Keep container in a well-ventilated place. Keep away from sources of ignition. Take precautionary measures against static discharges. Avoid skin contact. Do not smoke, eat, or drink when handling the solvent. Keep all containers and solutions tightly closed. 21 Waste Disposal Procedures Do not dispose of Dioxane in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled, suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental regulations. 22 DMSO Dimethyl Sulfoxide General Properties Colorless, odorless, hygroscopic liquid with a slightly bitter taste. It has an equilibrium moisture content of 10 percent with air at 20 °C. Physical Properties Molecular weight: Freezing point ( °C): Boiling point ( °C): Flash point ( °C): Min. ignition temp. ( °C): Density (g/cm 3 ): Refractive Index: Viscosity (cPoise): Dielectric constant: Ionization potential (eV): Solubility: Optical properties: Wavelength (nm) Transmission (%) 78.13 18.54 189 95 383 1.095825 1.081640 1.061660 1.478320 1.477325 1.99625 1.65435 46.68 25.3 % in water, organic solvents 263 10 270 34 280 60 290 71 300 85 310 90 340 98 Application DMSO is an excellent solvent for polar dyes like Rhodamines. Safety RTECS # PV6210000; Sax 6, 1201 · TLV: Hazards DMSO dehydrates and defats the skin, but seems to be relatively free from toxic effects. Its vapor, mixed with air, may explode above 90° C. Safety Precautions Dimethyl sulfoxide may produce eye, skin, and respiratory irritations. The solvent penetrates the skin and that toxic solutes are carried with it into the body fluid. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Waste Disposal Procedures Avoid mixing contaminated solvents because several substances have been reported to have produced an explosion when mixed with dimethyl sulfoxide. Do not dispose of DMSO in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled, suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental regulations. 23 Ethanol Ethyl Alcohol General Properties Colorless liquid which may be obtained as the water azeotrop containing about 5 percent water or as absolute alcohol containing 0.1 percent or less water. Physical Properties Molecular weight: Freezing point ( °C): Boiling point ( °C): Flash point ( °C): Min. ignition temp. ( °C): Density (g/cm 3 ): Refractive Index: Viscosity (cPoise): Dielectric constant: Ionization potential (eV): Solubility: Optical properties : Wavelength (nm) Transmission (%) 46.07 -114.1 78.3 12 425 0.793615 0.789420 0.78525 1.361420 1.359425 1.07825 0.99135 24.55 10.49 water, organic solvents 200 5 210 35 220 55 230 72 240 85 250 90 270 98 Application Ethanol is the most frequently used solvent for laser dyes. As it is highly polar, its application is restricted to polar dyes such as the Rhodamines. Safety RTECS # KQ6300000; Sax 6, 1316 · TLV: 1000 ppm or 1900 mg/m 3 Hazards Highly flammable. It is practically impossible to produce any toxic effects by inhalation of pure ethanol vapors under usual lab conditions. The minimum identifiable odor is about 530 ppm. Concentrations of 6,000-9,000 ppm have an intense odor that may be practically intolerable at first, but one becomes acclimated soon. Concentrations of about 1,000 ppm cause slight irritation of mucous membranes and other symptoms. Safety Precautions Keep container tightly closed. Keep away from sources of ignition. Do not smoke. Limit the quantity stored to foreseeable short-term requirements; large quantities should not be allowed to accumulate in the laboratory. If spillage of solvent or accidental release occurs, ventilate the whole laboratory as soon as possible. 24 Waste Disposal Procedures Do not dispose of Ethanol in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled, suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental regulations. 25 Ethylene Glycol 1,2-Ethanediol General Properties Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless liquid with a bittersweet taste. It is very hygroscopic. Physical Properties Molecular weight: Freezing point ( °C): Boiling point ( °C): Flash point ( °C): Min. ignition temp. ( °C): Density (g/cm 3 ): Refractive Index: Viscosity (cPoise): Dielectric constant: Ionization potential (eV): Solubility: Optical properties: Wavelength (nm) Transmission (%) 62.07 -13 197.3 110 410 1.113520 1.1125 1.106630 1.431820 1.430625 26.0915 13.5530 37.7 10.49 water, alcohols 210 20 220 35 230 40 240 60 250 75 260 90 280 98 Application Ethylene glycol, due to its high viscosity, is a frequently used solvent in jet stream dye lasers. Its dissolving capacity makes it suitable for polar dyes like Coumarins, Rhodamines, and Cyanines. Safety RTECS # KW2975000; Sax 6, 1343 · TLV: 100 ppm or 274 mg/m 3 Hazards Harmful if swallowed. Ethylene glycol has a low vapor pressure at normal temperature. It presents negligible hazards to health except, possibly, when being used at elevated temperature. It has a low, acute oral toxicity. There does not appear to be any significant irritation from skin contact. Safety Precautions Avoid skin contact. Store in closed container away from heat, sparks and open flame. Waste Disposal Procedures Place Ethylene Glycol in appropriately labelled, suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental regulations. 26 Hexane n-Hexane General Properties Hexane is a colorless, water-insoluble, and highly flammable liquid. Physical Properties Molecular weight: Freezing point ( °C): Boiling point ( °C): Flash point ( °C): Min. ignition temp. ( °C): Density (g/cm 3 ): Refractive Index: Viscosity (cPoise): Dielectric constant: Ionization potential (eV): Solubility: Optical properties: Wavelength (nm) Transmission (%) 86.18 -95.4 68.74 -26 240 0.659420 0.654825 0.374920 1.372325 0.312620 0.298525 1.8799 10.18 0.00095 % in water, nonpolar organic solvents 190 10 200 30 210 60 220 80 230 94 240 98 250 98 Application Suitable solvent for nonpolar laser dyes. Its high optical transparency in the UV range allows the application in dye lasers pumped below 300 nm. Safety RTECS # MN9275000; Sax 6, 1523 · TLV: 500 ppm or 1800 mg/m 3 Hazards Highly flammable. Harmful by inhalation and in contact with the skin. Possible risk of irreversible effects. Hexane is a fat solvent and thus irritates the skin. Safety Precautions Keep container in a well-ventilated place. Keep away from source of ignition. Do not inhale gas/fumes/vapor/spray. Avoid skin contact. Do not smoke, eat, or drink when handling the solvent. Keep all containers tightly closed away from sparks and open flames. Waste Disposal Procedures Do not dispose of Hexane in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled, suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental regulations. 27 Methanol Methyl Alcohol General Properties Methanol is a colorless hygroscopic liquid usually containing 0.01 - 0.04 percent water. It is highly inflammable and toxic. Physical Properties Molecular weight: Freezing point ( °C): Boiling point ( °C): Flash point ( °C): Min. ignition temp. ( °C): Densitiy (g/cm 3 ): Refractive Index: Viscosity (cPoise): Dielectric constant: Ionization potential (eV): Solubility: Optical properties: Wavelength (nm) Transmission (%) 32.04 -97.7 64.7 11 455 0.796115 0.791320 0.786625 1.328420 1.326525 0.550625 0.544535 32.7 10.84 water, organic solvents 200 2 210 20 220 50 230 75 240 85 250 95 260 98 Application Methanol is a polar, protic solvent frequently used to dissolve laser dyes like Coumarins, Rhodamines, and Cyanines. Its excellent optical transparency makes it the ideal solvent for UV-pumped dye lasers. Safety RTECS # PC1400000; Sax 6, 1764 · TLV: 200 ppm or 260 mg/m 3 Hazards Highly flammable. Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. Methanol does not have suitable warning or irritating properties except at high concentrations. Ingestion of methanol can cause blindness and death. Safety Precautions Keep container tightly closed. Keep away from sources of ignition. Do not smoke. Avoid contact with skin. Methanol vapor/air mixtures may produce explosible mixtures. Keep containers tightly closed. If spillage of solvent or accidental release occurs, ventilate the whole laboratory as soon as possible. 28 Waste Disposal Procedures Do not dispose of Methanol in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled, suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental regulations. 29 Toluene Methylbenzene General Properties Colorless, water-insoluble, and highly flammable liquid with aromatic odor. Physical Properties Molecular weight: Freezing point ( °C): Boiling point ( °C): Flash point ( °C): Min. ignition temp. ( °C): Density (g/cm 3 ): Refractive Index: Viscosity (cPoise): Dielectric constant: Ionization potential (eV): Solubility: Optical properties: Wavelength (nm) Transmission (%) 92.14 -95 110.6 7 535 0.86725 0.862325 0.857730 1.496920 1.494125 0.586620 0.551625 2.379 8.82 0.0515 % in water, nonpolar organic solvents 285 10 290 50 300 80 310 89 320 93 340 95 350 98 Application Toluene is a suitable solvent for nonpolar laser dyes like p-Terphenyl. Its low optical transparency in the UV range restricts the application on dye lasers pumped above 320 nm. Safety RTECS # XS5250000; Sax 6, 2588 · TLV:200 ppm or 7500 mg/m 3 Hazards Highly flammable. Harmful by inhalation. Exposure of humans to Toluene vapor produces mild fatigue, weakness, confusion, and paresthesia of the skin. Toluene is most dangerous by inhalation. It is irritating to the skin, and contact should be avoided when possible. Safety Precautions Keep away from source of ignition. Do not smoke. Take precautionary measures against static discharges. Waste Disposal Procedures Do not dispose of Toluene in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled, suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental regulations. 30 References Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 62d ed. Robert C. Weast, ed. Chemical Rubber Co., 1982. Drexhage, K. H. Laser Focus, 1973: 73. Jaffe, H. H. and M. Orchin. Theory and Applications of Ultraviolet Spectroscopy. New York, New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons, 1962.Kues, H. A. and G. Z. Lutty. Laser Focus, 1975: 5: 59. Kuhn and Birett. Merkblaetter Gefaehrliche Arbeitsstoffe. Munich, Germany: Verlag Moderne Industrie, 1983. Loesungsmittel und Substanzen fuer die Spektroskopie UVASOLE. E. Merck, ed. Darmstadt, Germany. Mosovsky, J. A. "Laser Dye Toxicity, Hazards and Recommended Controls." American Industrial Hygiene Conference. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 1983. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. Richard J. Lewis and Rodger L. Tatken, ed. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1979. Riddick, John A. and William B. Bunger. "Organic Solvents." Techniques of Chemistry,Vol. 3, 1970. New York, New York, USA: Wiley-Interscience. Roth and Daunderer. Giftliste. Munich, Germany: Ecomed Verlag, 1983. Sax, N. I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. New York, New York, USA: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1975. Schneider, R. L. "Physical Properties of Some Organic Solvents." Eastman Organic Chemical Bulletin. Vol. 47, No. 1, 1975. 31 Laser Dyes Properties, Application, and Absorption Spectra The output power of dye lasers depends on the quality of the dye used. To overcome reduced quantum efficiency and instability due to impurities, Lambdachrome ® laser dyes are synthesized and examined by experienced chemists for their chemical and spectral properties. Finally, they are purified by specially developed techniques. The composition of all dyes is guaranteed with spectrophotometric and chromatographic analysis. Wavelength ranges are given in the following tables to provide assistance in choosing the correct dye for a given application. The ranges were measured by Lambda Physik, taken from Coherent CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets, or taken from the pertinent literature. The exact spectral range depends on the solvent and the concentration as well as on the method of pumping. Lambda Physik reserves the right to modify any information given herein. Every effort is made to ensure utmost accuracy; however, no liability is assumed for errors occurring in the tables. Abbreviations Used MW CAS Effic. Conc. Ref. Cyclohex. DCE DMF EtOH MeOH Eg Bz DMSO Pc Tol 32 Molecular Weight Chemical Abstracts Service Efficiency, defined as the ratio of optical input to output Concentration of dye, given in grams per liter solvent Reference Cyclohexane 1,2-Dichloroethane Dimethylformamide Ethanol Methanol Ethyleneglycol Benzylalcohol Dimethylsulfoxide Propylenecarbonate Toluene BEER's Law Within the absorption spectra, the intensity is expressed as a molar decadic extinction coefficient, ε. The amount of light absorbed depends on the extinction coefficient and the number of molecules in the light path. The latter amount depends on the concentration of the dye in solution and the path length of the absorption cell. The amount of light that passes through a solution (transmittance) is given by BEER's law: log I o /I = ε · c · d where I o is the intensity of the light before it encounters the cell, I is the intensity of the light emerging from the cell, c is the concentration in moles per liter, and d is the path length in centimeters. The absorption cross-section σ can be determined from the extinction coefficient ε by: σ = 0.385 · 10 -20 ε . Here σ is given in cm 2 ( ε measured in liter/(mole · cm)). 33 34 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 200 220 280 BM-Terphenyl LC 3300 C 20 H18 Solvent: Cylohexane 240 260 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> BM-Terphenyl 300 258.36 BM-Terphenyl (LC 3300) Constitution 2,2''-Dimethyl-p-terphenyl DMT C 20H18 · MW: 258.36 Characteristics 3300 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in cyclohexane): 251 nm Molar absorptivity: 1.98 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in cyclohexane): 335 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Shortest tunable laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 336 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 248 334 KrF-Excimer Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 312 - 343 4 0.50 Cyclohex Ref. 1, 2, 3 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. W. Zapka, U. Brackmann Appl. Phys. 20, 283 (1979). 3. F.-G. Zhang, F. P. Schäfer Appl. Phys. B26, 211 (1981). 35 36 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 220 240 260 280 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> p-Terphenyl 300 p-Terphenyl LC 3400 C 18 H14 Solvent: Dioxane 320 230.31 p-Terphenyl (LC 3400) Constitution PTP C 18H14 · MW: 230.31 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 3400 CAS registry number: 92-94-4 Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in cyclohexane): 275 nm Molar absorptivity: 3.21 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in cyclohexane): 339 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 340 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 248 308 266 339 343 340 KrF-Excimer XeCl-Excimer Nd:YAG, 4th Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 322 - 365 332 - 360 - 14 8 5 0.02 Cyclohex 0.24 Dioxane 0.23 Cyclohex. Ref. 1 2, 3 4, 5 References 1. H. Bücher, W. Chow, Appl. Phys. 13, 267 (1977). 2. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 3. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981). 4. G. A. Abakumov et al., Opto-Electron. 1, 205 (1969). 5. D. Huppert, P. M. Rentzepis, J. Appl. Phys. 49(2), 543 (1978). 37 38 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 200 220 240 260 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> TMQ 280 TMQ LC 3500 C 28 H26 Solvent: Cylohexane 300 362.51 TMQ (LC 3500) Constitution 3,3',2'',3'''-Tetramethyl-p-quaterphenyl C 28H26 · MW: 362,51 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 3500 CAS registry number: Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in cyclohexane): 266 nm Molar absorptivity: 3.99 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 350 nm. Pump Source Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 266 350 Nd:YAG, 4th Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 338 - 361 1.2 0.72 Cyclohex Ref. 1 References 1. L. D. Ziegler, B. S. Hudson, Opt. Commun. 32(1), 119 (1980). 39 40 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 200 220 240 260 280 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> BMQ 300 BMQ LC 3570 C 26 H22 Solvent: Cylohexane 320 334.46 BMQ (LC 3570) Constitution 2,2'''-Dimethyl-p-quaterphenyl C 26H22 - MW: 334.46 Characteristics 3570 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in cyclohexane): 275 nm Molar absorptivity: 3.35 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 357 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 357 XeCl-Excimer Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 335 - 375 9 0.60 Ref. Dioxane 1 References 1. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983). 41 42 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 200 220 240 300 DMQ LC 3590 C 29 H28 Solvent: Cylohexane 260 280 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> DMQ 320 376.54 340 DMQ (LC 3590) Constitution 2-Methyl-5-t-butyl-p-quaterphenyl C 29H28 · MW: 376.54 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 3590 CAS registry number: Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in cyclohexane): 285 nm Molar absorptivity: 3.86 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 360 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 360 XeCl-Excimer Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 346 - 377 9 0.23 Dioxane Ref. 1, 2 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996 2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983). 43 44 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 220 240 Butyl-PBD LC 3600 C 24H22N 2O Solvent: Dioxane 260 280 300 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 354.45 Butyl-PBD 320 340 Butyl-PBD (LC 3600) Constitution 2-(4-Biphenylyl)-5-(4-t-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol BPBD-365 C 24H22N 2 O · MW: 354.45 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 3600 CAS registry number: 15082-28-7 Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 302 nm Molar absorptivity: 4.35 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in cyclohexane): 368 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 360 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 266 363 362 362 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 4th Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 356 - 385 356 - 390 354-388 5 rel. 4.7 0.30 Dioxane 1.60 Dioxane 1.75 Cyclohex. Ref. 1, 2, 3 3, 4 5 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981). 3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 5. L. D. Ziegler, B. S. Hudson, Opti. Commun. 32(1), 119 (1980). 45 46 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 220 240 PBD LC 3640 C 20H14N 2O Solvent: Dioxane 260 280 300 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 298.34 PBD 320 340 PBD (LC 3640) Constitution 2-(4-Biphenylyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol C 20H14N 2 O · MW: 298.34 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 3640 CAS registry number: Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 302 nm Molar absorptivity: 3.90 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in toluene): 360 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 360 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 - 363 362 362 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 355 - 390 357 - 390 - 4 rel. - 0.11 Cyclohex. 1.20 Dioxane 0.08 Ethanol Ref. 1 2 3, 4 References 1. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981). 2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 3. H. W. Furumoto, H. L. Ceccon, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-6, 262 (1970). 4. T. Morrow, H. T. W. Price, Opt. Commun. 10(2), 133 (1974). 47 48 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 200 220 240 300 TMI LC 3650 C 34 H30 Solvent: Dioxane 260 280 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> TMI 320 438.61 340 TMI (LC 3650) Constitution 2,5,2'''',5''''-Tetramethyl-p-quinquephenyl C 34H30 · MW: 438.61 Characteristics 3650 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 295 nm Molar absorptivity: 4.86 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 370 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 372 XeCl-Excimer Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 355 - 395 11 0.18 Dioxane Ref. 1, 2 References 1. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983). 49 50 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 220 240 QUI LC 3690 C 46 H54 Solvent: Dioxane 260 280 300 320 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 606.93 QUI 340 360 QUI (LC 3690) Constitution 3,5,3'''',5''''-Tetra-t-butyl-p-quinquephenyl C 46H54 · MW: 606.93 Characteristics 3690 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 310 nm Molar absorptivity: 6.00 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 390 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 390 387 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 368 - 402 372-412 11 rel. 0.20 0.52 Dioxane Dioxane Ref. 1, 2 3 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983). 3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 51 52 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 200 220 240 PPO LC 3700 C 15 H11 NO Solvent: Ethanol 260 280 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 221.26 PPO 300 320 340 PPO (LC 3700) Constitution 2,5-Diphenyloxazol C 15H11NO · MW: 221.26 Characteristics 3700 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 92-71-7 Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 303 nm Molar absorptivity: 2.80 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 365 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 380 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 266 - 377 375 375 381 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 4th Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 368-382 - 2.3 rel. 1.6 - 0.22 Methanol 0.39 Dioxane 1.10 Cylohex. 1.54 Dioxane Ref. 1, 2 1 3 4 References 1. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 2. O. Uchino et al., Appl. Phys. 19, 35 (1979). 3. L. D. Ziegler, B. S. Hudson, Opt. Commun. 32(1), 119 (1980). 4. H. W. Furumoto, H. L. Ceccon, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-6, 262 (1970). 53 54 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 200 220 240 PPF LC 3720 C 16 H12O Solvent: Ethanol 260 280 300 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 220.27 PPF 320 340 360 PPF (LC 3720) Constitution 2,5-Diphenylfuran C 16H12O · MW: 220.27 Characteristics 3720 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 324 nm Molar absorptivity: 3.78 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 368 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 370 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 337 373 Nitrogen Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 369 - 379 11 0.44 Dioxane Ref. 1,2 References 1. H. P. Broida, S. C. Haydon, Appl. Phys. Letters 16(3), 142 (1970). 2. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13(5), 827 (1974). 55 56 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 220 240 p-Quaterphenyl LC 3740 C 24 H18 Solvent: Dioxane 260 280 300 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 306.41 p-Quaterphenyl 320 340 p-Quaterphenyl (LC 3740) Constitution PQP C 24H18 · MW: 306.41 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 3740 CAS registry number: 135-70-6 Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 297 nm Molar absorptivity: 4.28 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in toluene): 374 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 370 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 - 371 370 372 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 362 - 390 - 20 11 - 0.09 sat. 0.08 Dioxane DMF DMF Ref. 1 2, 3 4 References 1. P. Cassard et al., Opt. Commun. 38(2), 131 (1981). 2. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13(5), 827 (1974). 3. J. A. Myer, I. Itzkan, E. Kierstead, Nature 225, 544 (1970). 4. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972). 57 58 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 220 240 BBD LC 3780 C 26H18N 2O Solvent: Dioxane 260 280 300 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 374.44 BBD 320 340 360 BBD (LC 3780) Constitution 2,5-Bis-(4-biphenylyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol C 26H18N 2 O · MW: 374.44 Characteristics 3780 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 314 nm Molar absorptivity: 5.30 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in dioxane): 373 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 380 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 - 378 375 377 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 368 - 399 372 - 405 - 14 19 - 0.37 0.74 0.74 Dioxane Dioxane Dioxane Ref. 1, 2 2, 3 4 References 1. P. Cassard et al., Opt. Commun. 38(2), 131 (1981). 2. O. Uchino et al., Appl. Phys. 19, 35 (1979). 3. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13(5), 827 (1974). 4. M. Maeda et al., IEEE J. Quant. Elec tron. QE-13, 65 (1977). 59 60 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 200 220 240 320 Polyphenyl 1 LC 3800 C 24H16O 6S 2 Na 2 Solvent: Water 260 280 300 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Polyphenyl 1 340 510.49 Polyphenyl 1 (LC 3800) Constitution p-Quaterphenyl-4,4'''-disulfonicacid Disodiumsalt C 24H16O 6 S 2 Na 2 · MW: 510.49 Characteristics 3800 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in water): 308 nm Molar absorptivity: 5.19 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 380 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 UV 381 380 382 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 363 - 408 362 - 411 362 - 412 12 rel. - 0.20 0.36 1.25 Eg Eg Eg Ref. 1, 2, 3 3 3 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981). 3. W. Hüffer et al., Opt. Commun. 33(1), 85 (1980). 61 62 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 200 220 240 320 Polyphenyl 2 LC 3810 C 24 H16 O6 S 2NK 2 Solvent: Water 260 280 300 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Polyphenyl 2 340 542.71 Polyphenyl 2 (LC 3810) Constitution p-Quaterphenyl-4,4'''-disulfonicacid Dipotassiumsalt C 24H16O 6 S 2 NK 2 · MW: 542.71 Characteristics 3810 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in water): 308 nm Molar absorptivity: 5.19 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 390 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 UV 382 384 XeCl-Excimer CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 363 - 400 370 - 406 10 - 0.25 2.0 Eg Eg Ref. 1 1 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 63 64 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 220 240 BiBuQ LC 3860 C 48 H66 O 2 Solvent: Dioxane 260 280 300 320 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 675.05 BiBuQ 340 360 BiBuQ (LC 3860) Constitution 4,4'''-Bis-(2-butyloctyloxy)-p-quaterphenyl BBQ • Pilot 386 C 48H66O 2 · MW: 675.05 Characteristics 3860 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 18434-08-7 Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 313 nm Molar absorptivity: 5.45 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 390 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 355 - 388 383 392 - XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 3rd Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 367 - 405 364 - 405 380 - 410 389 - 395 11 rel. - Ref. 0.25 Dioxane 1, 2, 3 0.41 Dioxane 3, 4 1.34 EtOH/Tol 5 DMF 6 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981). 3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 5. K. Azuma et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 18(1), 209 (1979). 6. P. R. Hammond et al., Appl. Phys. 9, 67 (1976). 65 66 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 200 220 240 320 Quinolon 390 LC 3900 C 12 H15N 3 O2 Solvent: Ethanol 260 280 300 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Quinolon 390 340 360 233.27 Quinolon 390 (LC 3900) Constitution 7-Dimethylamino-1-methyl-4-methoxy-8-azaquinolone-2 C 12H15N 3 O 2 · MW: 233.27 Characteristics 3900 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 119883-58-8 Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 355 nm Molar absorptivity: 2.52 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 390 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 355 - 390 390 Nd:YAG, 3rd Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 384 - 394 - 4 - 0.25 Methanol 1.15 Ethanol Ref. 1 2 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. P. R. Hammond et al., Appl. Phys. 8, 315 (1975). 67 68 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 220 240 260 TBS LC 3930 C 52 H58 Solvent: Dioxane 280 300 320 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 683.03 TBS 340 360 380 TBS (LC 3930) Constitution 3,5,3''''',5'''''-Tetra-t-butyl-p-sexiphenyl C 52H58 · MW: 683.03 Characteristics 3930 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 320 nm Molar absorptivity: 7.49 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Very stable and efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 390 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 393 XeCl-Excimer Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 365 - 410 11 0.16 Cyclohex Ref. 1 References 1. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 69 70 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 220 240 260 340 α-NPO LC 3950 C 19 H13 NO Solvent: Dioxane 280 300 320 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> α-NPO 360 380 271.32 α-NPO (LC 3950) Constitution 2-(1-Naphthyl)-5-phenyloxazol C 19H13NO · MW: 271.32 Characteristics 3950 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 333 nm Molar absorptivity: 2.15 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in dioxane): 396 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 400 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 355 - 393 400 400 400 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 3rd Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 387 - 400 391 - 425 - 6 rel. 6.5 - 0.32 Cyclohex. 0.67 Dioxane 1.00 Toluene 0.07 Ethanol Ref. 1 2, 3 4 5 References 1. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 3. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975). 4. G. A. Abakumov et al. JETP Letters 9, 9 (1969). 5. H. W. Furumoto et al. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-6(5), 262 (1970). 71 72 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 200 10 220 240 Furan 2 LC 3990 C 25 H13NO 13S 4 K4 Solvent: Water 260 280 300 320 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 819 Furan 2 340 360 380 Furan 2 (LC 3990) Constitution 2-(4-Biphenylyl)-6-phenylbenzoxazotetrasulfonicacid Potassium Salt C 25H13NO 13S 4 K 4 · MW: 819 Characteristics 3990 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: light yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in water): 330 nm Molar absorptivity: 7.79 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in dioxane): 396 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 400 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 355 399 402 XeCl-Excimer Nd:YAG, 3rd Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 388 - 426 392 - 422 8 15 0.50 Methanol 0.5 Methanol Ref. 1 1 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 73 74 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 220 240 PBBO LC 4000 C 25 H17 NO Solvent: Dioxane 260 280 300 320 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 347.42 PBBO 340 360 380 PBBO (LC 4000) Constitution 2-(4-Biphenylyl)-6-phenylbenzoxazol-1,3 C 25H17NO · MW: 347.42 Characteristics 4000 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 17064-47-0 Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 327 nm Molar absorptivity: 4.89 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 403 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 400 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 396 395 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 386 - 420 385 - 420 7 rel. 0.40 0.15 Dioxane Dioxane Ref. 1, 2 2, 3 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 75 76 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 260 280 DPS LC 4090 C 16 H20 Solvent: Dioxane 300 332.44 320 340 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> DPS 360 380 DPS (LC 4090) Constitution 4,4'-Diphenylstilbene Pilot 409 C 16H20 · MW: 332.44 Characteristics 4090 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 26569-48-2 Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 340 nm Molar absorptivity: 5.65 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 400 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 355 - 406 404 408 409 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 3rd Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 399 - 415 394 - 416 406 - 411 11 rel. - 0.25 0.12 sat. Dioxane Dioxane Tol. DMF Ref. 1, 2 3, 4 5 6, 7 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981). 3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 4. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975). 5. V. D. Kotzubanov et al., Opt. Spectrosc. 25, 406 (1968). 6. P. R. Hammond et al., Appl. Phys. 9, 67 (1976). 7. H. W. Furumoto et al., IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-6, 262 (1970). 77 78 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 200 220 240 260 Stilbene 1 LC 4100 C 26 H18O 6 S 2 K2 Solvent: Ethylene Glycol 280 300 320 340 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 568.74 Stilbene 1 360 380 400 420 Stilbene 1 (LC 4100) Constitution [1,1'-Biphenyl]-4-sulfonic acid, 4',4''-1,2-ethene-diylbis-, dipotassium salt C 26H18O 6 S 2 K 2 · MW: 568.74 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 4100 CAS registry number: 74758-59-1 Appearance: slightly yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in Eg.): 350 nm Molar absorptivity: 4.55 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 415 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 UV 416 417 415 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 405 - 428 405 - 446 403 - 428 6 rel. - 0.50 0.20 0.75 Eg. Eg. Eg. Ref. 1, 2, 3 4 1, 4, 5, 6 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981). 3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 5. T. F. Johnston, R. H. Brady, W. Proffitt, Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307 (1982). 6. W. Hüffer et al., Opt. Commun. 28(3), 353 (1979). 79 80 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 220 240 260 280 BBO LC 4150 C 27 H19 NO Solvent: Dioxane 300 320 340 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 374.45 BBO 360 380 400 BBO (LC 4150) Constitution 2,5-Bis-(4-biphenylyl)-oxazol C 27H19NO · MW: 374.45 Characteristics 4150 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 2083-09-2 Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 340 nm Molar absorptivity: 4.76 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in toluene): 412 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 410 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 337 355 - 408 409 410 Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 3rd Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 401 - 419 - 14 8 - 0.74 0.96 0.37 Dioxane Tol. Dioxane Ref. 1, 2 3 4, 5 References 1. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13(5), 827 (1974). 2. H. P. Broida, S. C. Haydon, Appl. Phys. Letters 16(3), 142 (1970). 3. G. A. Abakumov et al., JETP Letters 9, 9 (1969). 4. H. W. Furumoto et al., IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-6(5), 262 (1970). 5. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972). 81 82 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 200 220 240 260 Stilbene 3 LC 4200 C 28 H20 O 6 S 2 · 2 Na Solvent: Ethanol 280 300 320 340 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 562.56 Stilbene 3 360 380 400 Stilbene 3 (LC 4200) Constitution 2,2'-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-diyldi-2,1-ethenediyl)-bis-benzenesulfonic acid Disodium Salt Stilbene 420 C 28H20O 6 S 2 · 2 Na · MW: 562.56 Characteristics 4200 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 27344-41-8 Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in Ethanol.): 350 nm Molar absorptivity: 5.89 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 425 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 355 UV 425 424 428 435 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 3rd CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 412 - 443 408 - 457 415 - 439 410 - 485 9 rel. 15 - Ref. 0.65 Methanol 1, 2, 3 0.22 Methanol 3, 4 0.25 Methanol 1, 5 1.0 Eg. 1, 4, 6, 7 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981). 3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 5. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1979). 6. T. F. Johnston, R. H. Brady, W. Proffitt, Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307 (1982). 7. J. Kuhl et al., Opt. Commun. 24(3), 251 (1978). 83 84 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Carbostyryl 7 340 Carbostyryl 7 LC 4220 C 10H10N 2O Solvent: Ethanol 360 380 174.20 Carbostyryl 7 (LC 4220) Constitution 7-Amino-4-methylcarbostyryl Carbostyryl 124 C 10H10N 2 O · MW: 174.20 Characteristics 4220 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: white, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 350 nm Molar absorptivity: 1.46 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 400 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 410 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] - 413 Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 408 - 420 - - Ethanol Ref. 1, 3 References 1. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977). 2. R. Srinivasan, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-5, 552 (1969). 85 86 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 200 220 240 POPOP LC 4230 C 24 H16N 2 O2 Solvent: Ethanol 260 280 300 320 340 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 364.40 POPOP 360 380 400 POPOP (LC 4230) Constitution 1,4-Di[2-(5-phenyloxazolyl)]benzene Pilot 423 C 24H16N 2 O 2 · MW: 364.40 Characteristics 4230 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 1806-34-4 Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 358 nm Molar absorptivity: 4.43 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 425 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 420 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 355 - 421 421 417 419 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 3rd Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 411 - 446 412 - 454 - 6.5 rel. - 0.42 Dioxane 0.39 EtOH/Tol. Tol. 0.12 Ethanol Ref. 1 1,2 3 4, 5 References 1. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 2. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975). 3. V. D. Kotzubanov et al., Opt. Spectrosc. 25, 406 (1968). 4. H. W. Furumoto, H. L. Ceccon, J Appl Phys. 40, 4204 (1969). 5. P. R. Hammond et al., Appl. Phys. 9, 67 (1976). 87 88 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Coumarin 4 360 380 Coumarin 4 LC 4240 C 10 H8 O3 Solvent: basic Ethanol 400 420 176.17 Coumarin 4 (LC 4240) Constitution 7-Hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin Umbelliferon 47 C 10H8 O 3 · MW: 176.17 Characteristics 4240 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 90-33-5 Appearance: colorless, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in bas. ethanol): 372 nm Molar absorptivity: 2.10 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 445 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 450 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 337 UV 454 460 Nitrogen Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 370 - 580 460 - 560 - 0.51 0.51 various Ethanol Eg. Ref. 1,2, 3 4, 5 6 References 1. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975). 2. C. V. Shank et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 16(10), 405 (1970). 3. A. Dienes et al., IEEE J. Quant. Electr. QE-9, 833 (1973). 4. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977). 5. B. B. Snavely et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 11(9), 275 (1967). 6. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974). 89 90 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 200 220 240 260 Bis-MSB LC 4250 C 24 H22 Solvent: Cyclohexane 280 300 320 340 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 310.44 Bis-MSB 360 380 400 Bis-MSB (LC 4250) Constitution p-Bis(o-methylstyryl)-benzene C 24H22 · MW: 310.44 Characteristics 4250 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 13280-61-0 Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in cyclohexane): 350 nm Molar absorptivity: 4.88 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 418 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 400 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 355 - 423 421 420 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 3rd Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 414 - 428 412 - 435 - 8.3 rel. - 0.24 0.14 1.08 0.12 Dioxane Dioxane Dioxane Toluene Ref. 1 2, 3 4 5 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83. 2. O. Uchino et al., Appl. Phys. 19, 35 (1979). 3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 4. A. J. Cox et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 31(6), 389 (1977). 5. H. W. Furumoto et al. J. Appl. Phys. 40, 4204 (1969). 91 92 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 240 260 280 Furan 1 LC 4260 C 28 H18NO 14 S4 Solvent: Water 300 320 340 360 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 710.71 Furan 1 380 400 420 Furan 1 (LC 4260) Constitution Benzofuran,2,2'-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl-bis-tetrasulfonic acid (tetrasodium salt) C 28H18NO 14S 4 · MW: 710.71 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 4260 CAS registry number: Appearance: colorless, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in water): 355 nm Molar absorptivity: 5.51 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 420 nm. Pump Source Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 355 421 425 421 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 3rd Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 410 - 435 414 - 445 410 - 435 10 3.5 10 0.60 Methanol 1.35 Methanol 0.26 Methanol Ref. 1 1 2 References 1. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 2. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 93 94 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 200 220 240 260 360 Carbostyryl 3 LC 4350 C 12H14N 2O Solvent: Ethanol 280 300 320 340 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Carbostyryl 3 380 400 202.26 Carbostyryl 3 (LC 4350) Constitution 7-Dimethylamino-4-methylquinolon-2 C 12H14N 2 O · MW: 202.26 Characteristics 4350 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: colorless, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 360 nm Molar absorptivity: 2.03 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 425 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 440 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] UV 430 440 Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 420 - 440 415 - 490 poor 3 0.04 Methanol 0.6 Eg. Ref. 1, 2 3 References 1. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977). 2. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974). 3. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974). 95 96 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 360 Coumarin 120 LC 4400 C 10H9 NO 2 Solvent: Ethanol Coumarin 120 380 175.19 400 Coumarin 120 (LC 4400) Constitution 7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin Coumarin 440 C 10H9 NO 2 · MW: 175.19 Characteristics 4400 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 26093-31-2 Appearance: slightly yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 354 nm Molar absorptivity: 1.81 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 435 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 440 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 355 UV 441 438 440 440 450 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 3rd Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 423 - 462 418 - 465 420 - 470 420 - 470 425 - 475 15 rel. 16 - 0.82 0.25 0.25 0.04 0.52 Methanol Methanol Methanol Methanol Eg. Ref. 1,2 2, 3 1, 4 5 6 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 4. K. Kato, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 373 (1975). 5. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974). 6. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974). 97 98 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 200 220 240 260 360 Coumarin 2 LC 4500 C 13H15NO 2 Solvent: Ethanol 280 300 320 340 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Coumarin 2 380 400 217.27 420 Coumarin 2 (LC 4500) Constitution 7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin Coumarin 450 C 13H15NO 2 · MW: 217.27 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 4500 CAS registry number: 26078-25-1 Appearance: slightly yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 366 nm Molar absorptivity: 2.02 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 443 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 450 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 355 UV 448 444 450 450 450 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 3rd Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 432- 475 426 - 475 435 - 467 440 - 458 430 - 480 15 rel. 10 - 1.50 Methanol 0.40 Methanol 0.30 Methanol Ethanol 0.59 Bz./Eg. Ref. 1, 2 3, 4 3, 5 6 7 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 4. R. J. von Gutfeld et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-6, 332 (1970). 5. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1979). 6. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977). 7. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets. 99 100 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 200 240 280 320 366.24 360 400 440 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> DASPI LC 4650 C 16 H19 N 2I Solvent: Ethanol DASPI 480 520 560 DASPI (LC 4650) Constitution 2-(p-Dimethylaminostyryl)-pyridylmethyl Iodide C 16H19N 2 I · MW: 366.24 Characteristics 4650 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: orange, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 472 nm Molar absorptivity: 3.83 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Saturable absorber for flashlamp pumped Coumarin 1, 102, 466, and 6H dye lasers1.). References 1. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, Opt. Commun. 46(1), 32 (1983). 101 102 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 200 220 240 260 280 217.27 300 320 340 360 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Coumarin 466 LC 4660 C 13H15NO 2 Solvent: Ethanol Coumarin 466 380 400 420 440 Coumarin 466 (LC 4660) Constitution 7-Diethylaminocoumarin LD 466 · C1H C 13H15NO 2 · MW: 217.27 Characteristics 4660 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (ethanol): 380 nm Molar absorptivity: 2.38 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 465 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] - 466 Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] - - 0.16 Ethanol Ref. 1, 2 References 1. E. J. Schimitschek et al., Opt. Commun. 16(3), 313 (1976). 2. E. A. Stappaerts, Appl. Optics 16(12), 3079 (1977). 103 104 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 200 220 240 260 280 380 Coumarin 47 LC 4700 C 14H17NO 2 Solvent: Ethanol 300 320 340 360 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Coumarin 47 400 420 231.29 440 Coumarin 47 (LC 4700) Constitution 7-Diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin Coumarin 460 · Coumarin 1 C 14H17NO 2 · MW: 231.29 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 4700 CAS registry number: 99-44-1 Appearance: slightly yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 373 nm Molar absorptivity: 2.10 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 450 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 450 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 355 UV 456 453 460 460 470 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 3rd Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 440 - 484 436 - 486 444 - 476 435 - 490 450 - 500 18 rel. 15 - 1.60 0.66 0.3 0.02 1.76 Ref. Methanol 1, 2, 3 Methanol 3, 4 Methanol 1, 5 Ethanol 6, 7 MeOH/Eg. 8 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981). 3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 5. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibbler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1977). 6. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974). 7. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 17(12), 527 (1970). 8. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets. 105 106 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 200 220 240 260 280 255.23 300 320 340 360 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Coumarin 102 LC 4800 C 16H17NO 2 Solvent: Ethanol Coumarin 102 380 400 420 440 460 Coumarin 102 (LC 4800) Constitution 2,3,5,6-1H,4H-Tetrahydro-8-methylquinolizino-[9,9a,1-gh]-coumarin Coumarin 480 C 16H17NO 2 · MW: 255.23 Characteristics 4800 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 41267-76-9 Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 389 nm Molar absorptivity: 2.15 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 465 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 480 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 355 UV 480 470 480 480 482 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 3rd Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 460 - 510 454 - 506 462 - 497 460 - 530 463 - 515 18 rel. 15 - 2.30 1.44 0.40 0.05 2.0 Methanol Methanol Methanol Methanol Bz./Eg. Ref. 1, 2 3 1, 4 5 1, 6 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981). 3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 4. K. Kato, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-11, 373 (1975). 5. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974). 6. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets. 107 108 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 400 Coumarin 152A LC 4810 C 14 H14 NO 2 F3 Solvent: Ethanol Coumarin 152A 420 440 285.27 460 Coumarin 152A (LC 4810) Constitution 7-Diethylamino-4-trifluormethylcoumarin Coumarin 481 · C1F C 14H14NO 2 F 3 · MW: 285.27 Characteristics 4810 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 41934-47-8 Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 405 nm Molar absorptivity: 2.16 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 510 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 500 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 355 - 517 490 520 481 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 3rd Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 491 - 553 461 - 549 500 - 540 - 4 rel. - 1.84 1.71 2.85 0.21 Ethanol Dioxane Ethanol Dioxane Ref. 1, 2 2, 3 4 5 References 1. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981). 2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 3. J. A. Halstead, R. R. Reeves, Opt. Commun. 27(2), 273 (1978). 4. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibbler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1977). 5. E. J. Schimitschek et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-9, 781 (1973). 109 110 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 400 420 Coumarin 152 LC 4850 C 13 H10 NO 2 F3 Solvent: Ethanol Coumarin 152 440 460 257.21 480 Coumarin 152 (LC 4850) Constitution 7-Dimethylamino-4-trifluormethylcoumarin Coumarin 485 · C2F C 13H10NO 2 F 3 · MW: 257.21 Characteristics 4850 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 53518-14-2 Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 397 nm Molar absorptivity: 1.97 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 510 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 520 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 - 520 532 - XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 490 - 570 495 - 560 518 - 531 5.5 - 2.00 - Ethanol Ethanol Ethanol Ref. 1 2 3 References 1. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981). 2. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 3. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977). 111 112 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 400 420 Coumarin 151 LC 4900 C 10H6NO 2 F3 Solvent: Ethanol Coumarin 151 440 460 229.16 480 Coumarin 151 (LC 4900) Constitution 7-Amino-4-trifluormethylcoumarin Coumarin 490 · C3F C 10H6 NO 2 F 3 · MW: 229.16 Characteristics 4900 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 53518-13-3 Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 382 nm Molar absorptivity: 1.70 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 480 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 490 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] - 490 Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 481 - 493 - - Ethanol Ref. 1, 2 References 1. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977). 2. G. A. Reynolds, K. H. Drexhage, Opt. Commun. 13(3), 222 (1975). 113 114 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 200 220 240 260 280 400 Coumarin 6H LC 4910 C 15H15NO 2 Solvent: Ethanol 300 320 340 360 380 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Coumarin 6H 420 440 460 241.29 Coumarin 6H (LC 4910) Constitution 2,3,5,6-1H,4H-Tetrahydroquinolizino-[9,9a,1-gh]coumarin LD 490 · C6H C 15H15NO 2 · MW: 241.29 Characteristics 4910 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 58336-35-9 Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 396 nm Molar absorptivity: 2.50 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 490 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 VIO 491 490 XeCl-Excimer Flashlamp CW, Kr + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 463 - 522 477 - 493 476 - 515 5.7 - 1.33 1.20 Etahnol Ethanol Eg./Bz. Ref. 1 2 3 References 1. Lambda Physik. 2. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977). 3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 115 116 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 400 Coumarin 307 LC 5000 C 13 H12 NO 2 F3 Solvent: Ethanol Coumarin 307 420 440 460 271.24 Coumarin 307 (LC 5000) Constitution 7-Ethylamino-6-methyl-4-trifluormethylcoumarin Coumarin 503 C 13H12NO 2 F 3 · MW: 271.24 Characteristics 5000 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 55804-66-5 Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 395 nm Molar absorptivity: 1.85 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 490 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 500 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 355 - 500 504 508 - XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 3rd Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 479 - 553 478 - 547 485 - 546 490 - 510 16 rel. 15 - 3.40 Methanol 1.60 Methanol 0.70 Methanol Ethanol Ref. 1, 2 3, 4 1 6 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981). 3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 5. A. N. Fletcher, Appl Phys. 14, 295 (1977). 117 118 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 400 420 Coumarin 500 LC 5010 C 12 H10 NO 2 F3 Solvent: Ethanol Coumarin 500 440 460 257.21 480 Coumarin 500 (LC 5010) Constitution 7-Ethylamino-4-trifluormethylcoumarin C 12H10NO 2 F 3 · MW: 257.21 Characteristics 5010 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 395 nm Molar absorptivity: 1.85 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 500 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 355 - 502 503 518 - XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 3rd Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 480 - 520 473 - 562 498 - 546 - 12 rel. 10 - 2.40 Methanol 1.40 Ethanol 0.70 Methanol - Ref. 1, 2 2 3, 6 4, 5 References 1. Lambda Physik 2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 3. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322(1979). 4. Th. Varghese, Opt. Commun. 44(5), 353(1983). 5. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977). 6. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 119 120 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 200 220 240 260 280 300 313.35 320 340 360 380 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Coumarin 314 LC 5040 C 18H19NO 4 Solvent: Ethanol Coumarin 314 400 420 440 460 480 Coumarin 314 (LC 5040) Constitution 2,3,5,6-1H,4H-Tetrahydro-9-carboethoxyquinolizino-[9,9a,1-gh]coumarin Coumarin 504 C 18H19NO 4 · MW: 313.35 Characteristics 5040 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 55804-66-5 Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 436 nm Molar absorptivity: 4.70 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 480 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 505 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] - 506 Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 490 - 504 - - Ethanol Ref. 1, 2 References 1. K. H. Drexhage et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-10, 695 (1974). 2. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977). 121 122 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 200 220 240 260 280 318.36 300 320 340 360 380 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Coumarin 510 LC 5100 C 20 H18N 2 O2 Solvent: Ethanol Coumarin 510 400 420 440 460 480 Coumarin 510 (LC 5100) Constitution 2,3,5,6-1H,4H-Tetrahydro-9-(3-pyridyl)-quinolizino-[9,9a,1-gh]coumarin C 20H18N 2 O 2 · MW: 318.36 Characteristics 5100 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 425 nm Molar absorptivity: 3.70 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 510 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] VIO 511 525 Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 504 - 511 495 - 565 - 1.0 Ethanol Bz./Eg Ref. 1 2 References 1. A. N. Fletcher et al., Opt. Commun. 47(1), 57 (1983). 2. Lambda Physik. 123 124 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 200 220 240 260 280 347.42 300 320 340 360 380 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Coumarin 30 LC 5150 C 21 H21N 3 O2 Solvent: Ethanol Coumarin 30 400 420 440 460 Coumarin 30 (LC 5150) Constitution 3-(2'-N-Methylbenzimidazolyl)-7-N,N-diethylaminocoumarin Coumarin 515 C 21H21N 3 O 2 · MW: 347.42 Characteristics 5150 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 41044-12-6 Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 412 nm Molar absorptivity: 4.45 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 488 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 510 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] VIO 508 510 Flashlamp CW, Kr + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 480 - 540 480 - 555 12 0.07 Methanol 0.26 MeOH/Eg Ref. 1, 2 3 References 1. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977). 2. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics. 13(10), 2317 (1974). 3. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets. 125 126 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 200 220 240 260 280 300 283.33 320 340 360 380 400 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Coumarin 334 LC 5210 C 17H17NO 3 Solvent: Ethanol Coumarin 334 420 440 460 480 500 Coumarin 334 (LC 5210) Constitution 2,3,5,6-1H,4H-Tetrahydro-9-acetylquinolizino-[9,9a,1-gh]-coumarin Coumarin 521 C 17H17NO 3 · MW: 283.33 Characteristics 5210 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 55804-67-6 Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 450 nm Molar absorptivity: 4.73 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 495 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 480 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 - 520 - XeCl-Excimer Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 506 - 537 507 - 512 12 1.50 Methanol - Methanol Ref. 1, 2 3, 4 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83. 2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9(1983). 3. A. N. Fletcher Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977). 4. G. A. Reynolds, K. H. Drexhage, Opt. Commun. 13(3), 222(1975). 127 128 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 420 440 Coumarin 522 LC 5220 C 14 H12 NO 2 F3 Solvent: Ethanol Coumarin 522 460 480 283.25 500 Coumarin 522 (LC 5220) Constitution N-Methyl-4-trifluormethylpiperidino-[3,2-g]-coumarin C8F C 14H12NO 2 F 3 · MW: 283.25 Characteristics 5220 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 55318-19-7 Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 410 nm Molar absorptivity: 2.06 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 516 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 520 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 337 355 - 520 525 - Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 3rd Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 495 - 575 505 - 550 518 - 528 14 - 0.04 1.41 - DMF Ethanol Ethanol Ref. 1 2 3 References 1. P. R. Hammond, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-15(7), 624(1979). 2. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322(1979). 3. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977). 129 130 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 200 250 300 350 436.35 400 450 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> DASBTI LC 5280 C 19 H21 N 2 SI Solvent: Ethanol DASBTI 500 550 600 DASBTI (LC 5280) Constitution 2-(p-Dimethylaminostyryl)-benzothiazolylethyl Iodide C 19H21N 2 SI · MW: 436.35 Characteristics 5280 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 530nm Molar absorptivity: 5.49 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Saturable absorber for flashlamp pumped Coumarin 6, 153, 522, ands Rhodamine 110 dye lasers 1., 2.) . Applicable around 530 nm. References 1. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, Appl. Phys. B29, 191(1982). 2. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19(4), 558(1983). 131 132 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 200 220 240 260 280 333.39 300 320 340 360 380 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Coumarin 7 LC 5350 C 20 H19N 3 O2 Solvent: Ethanol Coumarin 7 400 420 440 460 480 Coumarin 7 (LC 5350) Constitution 3-(2'-Benzimidazolyl)-7-N,N-diethylaminocoumarin Coumarin 535 C 20H19N 3 O 2 · MW: 333.39 Characteristics 5350 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 27425-55-4 Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 433 nm Molar absorptivity: 5.05 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 493 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 530 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] VIO 530 Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 517 - 527 495 - 570 9 1.00 Ethanol Bz. Ref. 1 2 References 1. A. N. Fletcher Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977). 2. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Lett. 24(12), 629 (1974). 133 134 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 420 440 Brillantsulfaflavin LC 5360 C 20H15 N2 O5 SNa Solvent: Ethanol Brillantsulfaflavin 460 480 418.40 500 Brillantsulfaflavin (LC 5360) Constitution Pilot 512 C 20H15N 2 O 5 SNa · MW: 418.40 Characteristics 5360 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 2391-30-2 Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 423 nm Molar absorptivity: 1.41 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 517 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 540 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] - 540 Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 508 - 574 - 0.21 Ethanol Ref. 1, 2 References 1. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972). 2. J. B. Marling et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-7, 498 (1971). 135 136 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 200 220 240 260 280 300 350.43 320 340 360 380 400 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Coumarin 6 LC 5370 C 20 H18 N2 O 2S Solvent: Ethanol Coumarin 6 420 440 460 480 500 Coumarin 6 (LC 5370) Constitution 3-(2'-Benzothiazolyl)-7-diethylaminocoumarin Coumarin 540 C 20H18N 2 O 2 S · MW: 350.43 Characteristics 5370 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 38215-35-0 Appearance: orange, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 458 nm Molar absorptivity: 5.4 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 505 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 540 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 488 534 535 XeCl-Excimer Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 515 - 558 530 - 539 510 - 550 9 - 0.84 2.0 DMSO Ethanol Bz./Eg. Ref. 1, 2 3 4, 5 References 1. Lambda Physik. 2. O. Uchino et al., Appl. Phys. 19, 35(1979). 3. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295(1977). 4. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 5. T. F. Johnston at al., Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307(1982). 137 138 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Coumarin 153 420 440 Coumarin 153 LC 5400 C 16 H14 NO 2 F3 Solvent: Ethanol 460 480 500 309.29 520 Coumarin 153 (LC 5400) Constitution 2,3,5,6-1H,4H-Tetrahydro-8-trifluormethylquinolizino-[9,9a,1-gh]coumarin Coumarin 540A, C6F C 16H14NO 2 F 3 · MW: 309.29 Characteristics 5400 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 53518-18-6 Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 423 nm Molar absorptivity: 1.89 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 530 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 500 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 355 337 - 540 540 540 - XeCl-Excimer Nd:YAG, 3rd Nitrogen Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 522 - 600 516 - 575 517 - 590 528 - 547 15 18 rel. - 4.20 2.36 3.10 - Methanol Methanol Methanol Methanol Ref. 1, 2, 3 1 4, 5 6 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981). 3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3552 (1981). 4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 5. R. E. Drullinger, Opt. Commun. 39(4), 263 (1981). 6. A. N. Fletcher Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977). 139 140 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 200 220 240 260 280 300 460.32 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> DOCI LC 5410 C 21H21N 2O 2I Solvent: Ethanol DOCI 460 480 500 520 DOCI (LC 5410) Constitution 3,3'-Diethyloxacarbocyanine Iodide C 21H21N 2 O 2 I · MW: 460.32 Characteristics 5410 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 485 nm Molar absorptivity: 12.6 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 540 nm. Saturable absorber for Coumarin 102 dye lasers; applicalbel around 480 nm 2., 3.) . Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] - 541 Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] - - 0.09 Glyzerine Ref. 1 References 1. M Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972). 2. J. C. Mialocq, P. Goujon, Appl. Phys. Letters 33(9), 819 (1978). 3. R. Wyatt, Opt. Commun. 38(1), 64 (1981). 141 142 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 200 250 300 262.11 350 400 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Pyrromethene 546 LC 5450 C 14 H17BF 2 N2 Solvent: Ethanol Pyrromethene 546 450 500 Pyrromethene 546 (LC 5450) Constitution 4,4-Difluoro-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene 1,3,5,7,8-Pentamethylpyrromethenedifluoroborate Complex C 14H17BF 2 N 2 · MW: 262.11 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 5450 CAS registry number: 121207-31-6 Appearance: orange, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 494 nm Molar absorptivity: 8.58 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in methanol): 519 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for flashlamp pumped dye lasers; tunable around 542 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] - 542 546 Flashlamp Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 523-580 - - 0.066 Methanol 0.039 Ethanol Ref. 1 2 References 1. M. Shah et al., Heteroatom Chem. 1(5), 389(1990). 2. Th. G. Pavlopoulos, M. Shah, J. H. Boyer, Opt. Commun. 70(5), 425 (1989). 143 144 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 250 300 350 492.43 400 450 500 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> DMETCI LC 5460 C 21 H21 N2 S 2I Solvent: DMSO DMETCI 550 600 DMETCI (LC 5460) Constitution 3,3'-Dimethyl-9-ethylthiacarbocyanine Iodide C 21H21N 2 S 2 I · MW: 492.43 Characteristics 5460 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 540 nm Molar absorptivity: 10.6 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Saturable absorber for Coumarin 153 dye lasers; applicable around 540 nm 1.) . References 1. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, Opt. Commun. 43(1), 50 (1982). 145 146 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 200 250 300 412.30 350 400 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Uranin LC 5520 C 20 H10 O 5 · 2H 2O Solvent: Ethanol (basic) Uranin 450 500 Uranin (LC 5520) Constitution Disodium Fluorescein C 20H10O 5 · 2H 2 O · MW: 412.30 Characteristics 5520 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 518-47-8 Appearance: red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in basic ethanol): 500 nm Molar absorptivity: 9.92 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in bas. ethanol): 521 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 550 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 355 510 all 540 538 550 528 560 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 3rd Cu-vapor Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 532 - 561 536 - 568 549 - 574 530 - 590 9 rel. 7 1.35 1.10 2.06 0.42 0.12 1.76 Methanol Methanol Ethanol Ethanol Methanol MeOh/Eg. Ref. 1 2, 3 4 5 6 7 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83. 2. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975). 3. G. Capelle, D. Phillips, Appl. Optics 9(12), 2742 (1970). 4. D, M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1979). 5. L. Masarnovskii et al., Sov. J. Quantum Electr. 9(7), 900 (1979). 6. D. A. Jennings, A. J. Varga, J. Appl. Phys. 42(12), 5171 (1971). 7. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets. 147 148 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 200 250 300 350 400 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Fluorescein 27 LC 5530 C 20 H10O 5 Cl Solvent: Ethanol (neutr.) Fluorescein 27 450 401.20 500 550 Fluorescein 27 (LC 5530) Constitution 9-(o-Carboxyphenyl)-2,7-dichloro-6-hydroxy-3H-xanthen-3-on 2,7-Dichlorofluorescein · Fluorescein 548 C 20H10O 5 Cl · MW: 401.20 Characteristics 5530 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 76-54-0 Appearance: red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in basic ethanol): 512 nm Molar absorptivity: 11.0 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in bas. ethanol): 530 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 550 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 532 - 553 558 550 - XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 2nd Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 540 - 587 546 - 589 540 - 575 557 - 581 12 rel. 28 - 1.40 Methanol 1.00 Ethanol 0.64 Methanol 0.20 Methanol Ref. 1 1, 2 3 4 References 1. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 2. E. D. Stokes et al., Opt. Commun. 5(4), 267 (1972). 3. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 4. D. A. Jennings, A. J. Varga, J. Appl. Phys. 42(12), 5171 (1971). 149 150 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 200 220 240 260 280 300 Fluorol 7GA LC 5550 C 18 H24N 2 O2 Solvent: Ethanol 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Fluorol 7GA 460 480 500 300.40 520 Fluorol 7GA (LC 5550) Constitution Fluorol 555 C 20H24N 2 O 2 · MW: 324.40 Characteristics 5550 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in methanol): 440 nm Molar absorptivity: 1.40 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsedoperation; tunable around 520 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 - 560 - XeCl-Excimer Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 530 - 590 530 - 600 5 - 1.80 Methanol 0.10 Methanol Ref. 1, 2 3 References 1. Lambda Physik. 2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553, (1981). 3. M. Lambropoulos, Opt. Commun. 15(1), 35 (1975). 151 152 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 200 250 300 466.19 350 400 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Pyrromethene 556 LC 5560 C 14H15 BF2 N2 O6 S2 Na 2 Solvent: Ethyleneglycol Pyrromethene 556 450 500 Pyrromethene 556 (LC 5560) Constitution Disodium-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethylpyrromethene-2,6-disulfonate-difluoroborate complex C 14H17BF2 N 2 O 6 S2 Na 2 · MW: 466.19 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 5560 CAS registry number: 121461-69-6 Appearance: yellow/orange, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethyleneglycol): 498 nm Molar absorptivity: 8.88 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in methanol): 533 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 550 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 458-514 561 553 Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 540-580 530-624 45 0.03 Methanol 0.93 Eg. Ref. 1 2 References 1. M. Shah et al., Heteroatom Chem. 1(5), 389(1990). 2. S. G. Guggenheimer et al., Appl. Optics 32(21), 3942 (1993). 153 154 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 200 250 300 318.22 350 400 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Pyrromethene 567 LC 5670 C 18 H25BF 2 N2 Solvent: Ethanol Pyrromethene 567 450 500 550 Pyrromethene 567 (LC 5670) Constitution 4,4-Difluoro-2,6-diethyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene 2,6-Diethyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethylpyrromethenedifluoroborate Complex C 18H25BF 2 N 2 · MW: 318.22 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 5670 CAS registry number: 131083-16-4 Appearance: orange/red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 518 nm Molar absorptivity: 7.73 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 547 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 570 nm. Alternative to Rhodamine 6G. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] all 532 567 571 566 Flashlamp CW, Ar + Nd:YAG Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 552-608 549-592 36 44 0.06 0.45 0.31 Ethanol PC PC Ref. 1, 2 3 4 References 1. M. Shah et al., Heteroatom Chem. 1(5), 389(1990). 2. T. G. Pavlopoulos et al., Appl. Optics 29(27), 3885 (1990). 3. S. G. Guggenheimer et al., Appl. Optics 32(21), 3942 (1993). 4. M. P. O`Neil, Optics Letters 18(1), 37 (1993). 5. R. E. Hermes et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 63(7), 877 (1993). 155 156 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 200 250 300 366.80 350 400 450 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Rhodamine 110 LC 5700 C 20H15N 2 O3 Cl Solvent: Ethanol Rhodamine 110 500 550 Rhodamine 110 (LC 5700) Constitution o-(6-Amino-3-imino-3H-xanthen-9-yl)-benzoic acid Rhodamine 560 C 20H15N 2 O 3Cl · MW: 366.80 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 5700 CAS registry number: 13558-31-1 Appearance: red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 510 nm Molar absorptivity: 8.99 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 535 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 570 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 510 all 572 550 560 XeCl-Excimer Cu-vapor Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 547 - 592 528 - 574 551 - 583 530 - 580 5 9 - 1.22 Ethanol 0.09 Methanol 0.07 Ethanol 0.75 Eg. Ref. 1 2 3 4, 5, 6 References 1. Lambda Physik. 2. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984). 3. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19(4), 558 (1983). 4. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets. 5. T. F. Johnston et al., Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307 (1982). 6. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 157 158 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 200 250 300 514.96 350 400 450 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Rhodamine 19 LC 5750 C 26H27N 2 O7 Cl Solvent: Ethanol Rhodamine 19 500 550 Rhodamine 19 (LC 5750) Constitution Benzoic Acid, 2-[6-(ethylamino)-3-(ethylimino)-2,7-dimethyl-3H-xanthen9-yl], perchlorate Rhodamine 575 C 26H27N 2 O 7 Cl · MW: 514.96 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 5750 CAS registry number: 62669-66-3 Appearance: red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 528 nm Molar absorptivity: 10.9 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 560 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 355 532 562 567 Nd:YAG, 3rd Nd:YAG, 2nd Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 552 - 582 556 - 586 31 0.21 Ethanol 0.22 Methanol Ref. 1 2 References 1. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1979). 2. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 159 160 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 200 250 300 374.32 350 400 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Pyrromethene 580 LC 5805 C 22 H33BF 2 N2 Solvent: Ethanol Pyrromethene 580 450 500 550 Pyrromethene 580 (LC 5805) Constitution 4,4-Difluoro-2,6-di-n-butyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene 2,6-Di-n-butyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethylpyrromethenedifluoroborate Complex C 22H33BF 2 N 2 · MW: 374.32 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 5805 CAS registry number: N/A Appearance: orange/red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 519 nm Molar absorptivity: 7.68 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 550 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 580 nm. Pump Source Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] - 580 Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] - - 0.08 Ethanol Ref. 1 References 1. M. Shah et al., Heteroatom Chem. 1(5), 389(1990). 2. R. E. Hermes et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 63(7), 877 (1993). 161 162 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 200 250 300 479.02 350 400 450 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Rhodamine 6G LC 5900 C 28H31N 2 O3 Cl Solvent: Ethanol Rhodamine 6G 500 550 Rhodamine 6G (LC 5900) Constitution Benzoic Acid, 2-[6-(ethylamino)-3-(ethylimino)-2,7-dimethyl-3H-xanthen-9-yl]ethyl ester, monohydrochloride Rhodamine 590 C 28H31N 2 O 3 Cl · MW: 479.02 Characteristics 5900 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 989-38-8 Appearance: red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 530 nm Molar absorptivity: 10.50 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 556 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance The laser dye "per se" Rhodamine 6G is by far the most frequently used and most widely investigated laser dye. Very efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 590 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 532 all 581 581 566 600 575 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 2nd Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 569 - 608 573 - 618 555 - 585 555 - 620 560 - 625 16 rel. 32 - Ref. 1.20 Methanol 1, 2, 3 1.63 Methanol 3, 4, 5 0.10 Methanol 1, 6, 7 1.20 Ethanol 9, 10 0.75 Eg. 1, 11, 12, 13 References See page 164. 163 References (RHODAMINE 6G) References (RHODAMINE B) 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 4. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975). 5. I. A. Stenhaouse, D. R. Williams, Appl. Spectrosc. 33(2), 175 (1979). 6. Q. H. F. Vrehen, Opt. Commun. 3(3), 144 (1971). 7. L. Masarnovskii et al., Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 9(7), 900 (1979). 8. R. S. Hargrove, T. Kan, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-13, 28D (1977). 9. J. M. Drake et al., Chem. Phys. Letters 35(2), 181 (1975). 10. P. R. Hammond, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 331 (1979). 11. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets. References (SULFORHODAMINE B) 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983). 3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 4. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984). 5. P. R. Hammond, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 331 (1979). 6. R. M. Schotland, Appl. Optics 19(1), 124 (1980). 7. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974). ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 164 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981). 3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 5. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975). 6. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1979). 7. C. A. Moore, C. D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49(1), 47 (1978). 8. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984). 9. P. R. Hammond, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 331 (1979). 10. J. Jethwa, F. P. Schäfer, Appl. Phys. 4, 299 (1974). 11. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets. 12. H. J. Baving et al., Appl. Phys. B29, 19 (1982). 13. T. F. Johnston et al., Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307 (1982). References (RHODAMINE 101) 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981). 3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 5. Lambda Physik. 6. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(10), 1886 (1981). 7. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984). 8. T. J. Negran, A. M. Glass, Appl. Optics 17(17), 2812 (1978). 9. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets. References (DCM) 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983). 3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 4. Lambda Physik. 5. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984). 6. P. R. Hammond, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 331 (1979). 7. G. P. Weber, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19(7), 1200 (1983). 8. Coherent, Data Sheet. 9. E. G. Marason, Opt. Commun. 37(1), 56 (1981). 10. T. F. Johnston et al., Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307 (1982). References (CRESYL VIOLET) 1. Lambda Physik. 2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6) 403 (1981). 3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 4. F. Castelli, Appl. Phys. Letters 26(1), 18 (1975). 5. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135(1975). 6. I. A. Stenhouse, D. R. Williams, Appl. Spectrosc. 33(2), 175 (1979). 7. C. A. Moore, C. D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49(1), 47 (1978). 8. W. Schmidt, W. Appt, N. Wittekindt, Z. Naturforsch. 27a, 37 (1972). 9. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics. 13(10), 2317 (1974). 10. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974). 165 166 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 200 250 300 350 470.35 400 450 500 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> DQOCI LC 5920 C 23 H23N 2 OI Solvent: Ethanol DQOCI 550 600 650 DQOCI (LC 5920) Constitution 1,3'-Diethyl-4,2'-quinolyloxacarbocyanine Iodide C 23H23N 2 OI · MW: 470.35 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 5920 CAS registry number: Appearance: violet, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 592 nm Molar absorptivity: 13.5 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Saturable absorber for flashlamp pumped Fluorol 7GA and Rhodamine 6G dye lasers 1., 2.) . Applicable around 590 nm. References 1. E. Lill, S. Schneider, F. Dörr, Opt. Commun. 20(2), 223 (1977). 2. R. S. Adrain et al., Opt. Commun. 12(2), 140 (1974). 167 168 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 200 250 300 350 480.39 400 450 500 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> DCI-2 LC 5950 C 25 H25 N 2I Solvent: Ethanol DCI-2 550 600 650 DCI-2 (LC 5950) Constitution 1,1'-Diethyl-2,2'-carbocyanine Iodide Pinacyanol Iodide · Chinaldinblau C 25H25N 2 I · MW: 480.39 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 5950 CAS registry number: Appearance: violet, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 606 nm Molar absorptivity: 17.0 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Saturable absorber for flashlamp pumped Rhodamine 6G dye lasers 1.) . Applicable around 606 nm. References 1. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 13(1), 193 (1974). 169 170 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 200 250 300 374.32 350 400 450 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Pyrromethene 597 LC 5970 C 22 H33BF 2 N2 Solvent: Ethanol Pyrromethene 597 500 550 Pyrromethene 597 (LC 5970) Constitution 4,4-Difluoro-2,6-di-t-butyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene 2,6-Di-t-butyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethylpyrromethenedifluoroborate Complex C 22H33BF 2 N 2 · MW: 374.32 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 5970 CAS registry number: 137829-79-9 Appearance: red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 524 nm Molar absorptivity: 6.76 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 557 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 590 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] - 593 Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] - - 0.08 Ethanol Ref. 1, 2 References 1. J. H. Boyer et al., Appl. Optics 30(27), 3788 (1991). 2. J. H. Boyer et al., Heteroatom Chem. 4(1), 39 (1993). 171 172 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 200 250 300 479.02 350 400 450 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Rhodamine B LC 6100 C 28H31N 2 O3 Cl Solvent: Ethanol Rhodamine B 500 550 600 Rhodamine B (LC 6100) Constitution 2-[6-(Diethylamino)-3-(diethylimino)-3H-xanthen-9-yl] benzoic acid Rhodamine 610 C 28H31N 2 O 3 Cl · MW: 479.02 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 6100 CAS registry number: 81-88-9 Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 552 nm Molar absorptivity: 10.7 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 580 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Very efficient and frequently used laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 610 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 532 510 all 600 622 594 591 618 640 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 2nd Cu-vapo Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 588 - 644 599 - 650 584 - 619 582 - 618 590 - 640 605 - 675 12 rel. 29 21 - 0.91 2.13 0.22 0.62 0.05 3.53 Ref. Methanol 1, 2 Methanol 2, 3, 4 Methanol 1, 5, 6 Ethanol 7, 8 Ethanol 9, 10 MeOH/Eg. 11 References see page 164. 173 174 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 200 250 300 350 400 450 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Sulforhodamine B LC 6200 C 27 H30 N 2 S 2 O 7 · Na Solvent: Ethanol 558.66 Sulforhodamine B 500 550 600 Sulforhodamine B (LC 6200) Constitution Ethanaminium, N-[6-diethylamino)-9-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]N-ethylhydroxid, inner salt, sodium salt Kiton Red 620 · Kiton Red S C 27H30N 2 S 2 O 7 · Na · MW: 558.66 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 6200 CAS registry number: 3520-42-1 Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 556 nm Molar absorptivity: 11.1 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 575 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient and frequently used laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; performance similar to Rhodamin B; tunable around 620 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 532 510 all 605 622 588 620 629 625 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 2nd Cu-vapo Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 594 - 642 600 - 646 579 - 600 598 - 645 600 - 650 598 - 650 12 rel. 29 14 - 0.90 2.85 0.27 1.74 3.91 2.50 Methanol Methanol Methanol Methanol Methanol MeOH/Eg. Ref. 1, 2 3 1 4 5, 6 1, 7 References See page 164. 175 176 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 200 250 300 350 419.51 400 450 500 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Malachit Green LC 6220 C 25 H27N 2 O4 Solvent: Ethanol Malachit Green 550 600 650 700 Malachit Green (LC 6220) Constitution Malachit Grün Oxalat C 25H27N 2 O 4 · MW: 419.51 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 6220 CAS registry number: Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (ethanol): 622 nm Molar absorptivity: 8.07 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in bas. ethanol): 530 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Additive for CW pumped, passivlely mode locked Rhodamine 6G dye lasers. References 1. M. Young, Appl. Optics 18(19), 3212 (1979). 2. A. Watanabe et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19(4), 533 (1983). 177 178 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 200 250 300 492.43 350 400 450 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> DTCI LC 6250 C 21 H21 N2 S 2I Solvent: Ethanol DTCI 500 550 600 DTCI (LC 6250) Constitution 3,3'-Diethylthiacarbocyanine Iodide C 21H21N 2 S 2 I · MW: 492.43 Characteristics 6250 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: Appearance: red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in methanol): 557 nm Molar absorptivity: 14.60 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 625 nm. Saturable absorber for flashlamp pumped Rhodamine 6G dye lasers; applicable around 560 nm 2.) . Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] - 625 Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] - - 0.10 Glyzerine Ref. 1 References 1. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972). 2. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 13(1), 193 (1974). 179 180 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 200 250 300 350 486.41 400 450 500 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> DQTCI LC 6290 C 23 H23 N 2 SI Solvent: Ethanol DQTCI 550 600 650 DQTCI (LC 6290) Constitution 1,3'-Diethyl-4,2'-quinolylthiacarbocyanine Iodide C 23H23N 2 SI · MW: 486.41 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 6290 CAS registry number: Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in methanol): 629 nm Molar absorptivity: 13.1 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Saturable absorber for flashlamp pumped Rhodamine B dye lasers; applicable around 630 nm 1., 2.) . References 1. E. G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 20(3), 125(1972). 2. E. Lill, S. Schneider, F. Dörr, Opt. Commun. 22(1), 107(1977). 181 182 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 200 250 300 350 400 450 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Rhodamine 101 LC 6400 C 32H31N 2 O7 Cl Solvent: Ethanol 500 591.06 Rhodamine 101 550 600 Rhodamine 101 (LC 6400) Constitution 8-(2-Carboxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,11,12,14,15-octahydro-1H,4H,10H,13Hdiquinolizino[9,9a,1-bc:9',9a',1-hi]xanthylium Perchlorate Rhodamine 640 C 32H31N 2 O 7 Cl · MW: 591.06 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 6400 CAS registry number: 64339-18-0 Appearance: red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in acidic ethanol): 576 nm Molar absorptivity: 9.50 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 640 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 532 510 VIS 623 648 621 630 625 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 2nd Cu-vapor Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 614 - 672 623 - 676 611 - 662 607 - 659 610 - 695 12 rel. 26 14 - 0.75 2.36 0.50 2.5 Ref. Methanol 1, 2, 3 Methanol 2, 4 Methanol 1, 5, 6 Methanol 7 Ethanol 8 MeOH/Eg. 1, 9 References See page 165. 183 184 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 200 250 300 DCM LC 6500 C 19 H17 N 3 Solvent: Ethanol 350 400 450 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 303.36 DCM 500 550 DCM (LC 6500) Constitution 4-Dicyanmethylene-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H -pyran C 19H17N 3 · MW: 303.36 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 6500 CAS registry number: 51325-91-8 Appearance: red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 472 nm Molar absorptivity: 4.25 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 644 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 650 nm. DCM Special gives higher efficiency due to better solubility. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 532 510 VIS 658 659 639 644 655 660 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 2nd Cu-vapor Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 632 - 690 626 - 703 615 - 666 598 - 677 610 - 710 - 12 rel. 27 14 - Ref. 0.71 DMSO 1, 2 0.50 DMSO 3 0.50 PC 1, 4 0.61 Methanol 5 0.76 DMSO 6, 7 0.45 Bz./Eg. 1, 8, 9, 10 References See page 165. P.S. LC 6501 is a 1:1 mixture of LC 6500 and LC 6200 giving high absorption at the green line of an Ar-Ion laser. Its application should be restricted tothis pump laser only. 185 186 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 200 250 300 350 301.15 400 450 500 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Pyrromethene 650 LC 6505 C 16 H18BF 2 N3 Solvent: Ethanol Pyrromethene 650 550 600 650 Pyrromethene 650 (LC 6505) Constitution 4,4-Difluoro-8-cyano-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene 8-Cyano-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexamethylpyrromethenedifluoroborate Complex C 16H18BF 2 N 3 · MW: 301.15 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 6505 CAS registry number: Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 590 nm Molar absorptivity: 4.05 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 612 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 630 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 532 630 Nd:YAG Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] - 31 0.03 Ethanol Ref. 1 References 1. T. H. Allik et al., SPIE Proceedings 2115, 240 (1994). 187 188 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 200 250 300 350 486.35 400 450 500 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> DODCI LC 6550 C 23H23N 2O 2I Solvent: Ethanol DODCI 550 600 650 DODCI (LC 6550) Constitution 3,3'-Diethyloxadicarbocyanine Iodide NK 1533 C 23H23N 2 O 2 I · MW: 486.35 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 6550 CAS registry number: Appearance: blue, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 582 nm Molar absorptivity: 22.3 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 660 nm. Most frequently used saturable absorber for flashlamp and CW pumped Rhodamine 6G und Rhodamin B dye lasers 3., 4., 5.) . Applicable around 580 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 532 - 662 Nd:YAG, 2nd Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] - - 0.49 0.10 Ethanol DMSO Ref. 1 2 References 1. C. Rulliere, Chem. Phys. Letters 43(2), 303 (1976). 2. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972). 3. M. Young, Appl. Optics. 18(19), 3212 (1979). 4. A. Watanabe et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19(4), 533 (1983). 5. E. G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 20(3), 125 (1972). 189 190 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 200 250 300 350 400 450 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Sulforhodamine 101 LC 6600 C 31 H30 N 2O 7 S2 Solvent: Ethanol 500 606.71 Sulforhodamine 101 550 600 Sulforhodamine 101 (LC 6600) Constitution 8-(2, 4-Disulfophenyl)-2,3,5,6,11,12,14,15-octahydro-1H,4H,10H,13Hdiquinolizino[9,9a,1-bc:9',9a',1-hi]xanthene Sulforhodamine 640 C 31H30N 2 O 7 S 2 · MW: 606.71 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 6600 Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 578 nm Molar absorptivity: 10.6 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 650 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] XeCl-Excimer 308 Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 CW, Ar + VIS Peak [nm] 652 628 625 Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 616 - 667 15 0.78 Methanol 619 - 673 15 0.3 Methanol 598 - 650 2.5 Eg. Ref. 2, 3 1, 4 5, 6 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983). 3. Lambda Physik. 4. K. Kato, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-13(7), 544 (1977). 5. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/90. 6. M. Yamashita et al., Opt. Commun. 26(3), 343 (1978). 191 192 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 200 250 300 350 361.74 400 450 500 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Cresyl Violet LC 6700 C 16H12N 3 O5 Cl Solvent: Ethanol Cresyl Violet 550 600 650 Cresyl Violet (LC 6700) Constitution 5,9-Diaminobenzo[a]phenoxazonium Perchlorate Cresyl Violet 670 C 16H12N 3 O 5 Cl · MW: 361.74 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 6700 CAS registry number: 41830-80-2 Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 601 nm Molar absorptivity: 6.74 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 632 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 650 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 532 VIS 656 650 630 650 670 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 2nd Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 643 - 688 630 - 680 614 - 654 630 - 680 650 - 695 5 rel. 36 4 0.50 Ethanol 0.36 Ethanol 0.04 Methanol 0.01 Methanol 1.09 Eg. Ref. 1, 2, 3 4, 5 6, 7 8, 9 10 References See page 165. 193 194 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 200 250 300 350 318.37 400 450 500 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Phenoxazone 9 LC 6750 C 20 H18N 2 O2 Solvent: Ethanol Phenoxazone 9 550 600 650 Phenoxazone 9 (LC 6750) Constitution 9-Diethylamino-5H-benzo(a)phenoxazin-5-one C 20H18N 2 O 2 · MW: 318.37 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 6750 CAS registry number: 7385-67-3 Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (ethanol): 550 nm Molar absorptivity: 2.83 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in bas. ethanol): 650nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 620 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 337 - 620 - Nitrogen Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 560 - 700 - rel. - 0.32 0.03 Ethanol various Ref. 1 1 References 1. D. Basting, D. Ouw, F. P. Schäfer, Opt. Commun. 18(3), 260 (1976). 195 196 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 200 250 300 350 417.85 400 450 500 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Nile Blue LC 6900 C 20H20N 3 O5 Cl Solvent: Ethanol Nile Blue 550 600 650 700 Nile Blue (LC 6900) Constitution 5-Amino-9-diethyliminobenzo[a]phenoxazonium Perchlorate C 20H20N 3 O 5 Cl · MW: 417.85 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 6900 CAS registry number: 53340-16-2 Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (ethanol): 633 nm Molar absorptivity: 7.75 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in bas. ethanol): 672 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 690 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 532 510 red 703 695 683 695 710 730 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 2nd Cu-vapor Flashlamp CW, Kr + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 688 - 747 683 - 751 682 - 730 690 - 750 690 - 780 5 rel. 18 4 poor 7 0.47 0.45 0.08 0.84 0.31 1.2 Methanol Methanol Methanol Methanol Methanol Eg. Ref. 1, 2 2 3 4 5 6 References 1. Lambda Physik. 2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 3. K. Kato, Opt. Commun. 19(1), 19 (1976). 4. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984). 5. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974). 6. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974). 197 198 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 200 250 300 350 395.84 400 450 500 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Oxazine 4 LC 6950 C 18H22N 3 O5 Cl Solvent: Ethanol Oxazine 4 550 600 650 Oxazine 4 (LC 6950) Constitution 3-Ethylamino-7-ethylimino-2,8-dimethylphenoxazin-5-ium Perchlorate LD 690 C 18H22N 3 O 5 Cl · MW: 395.84 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 6950 CAS registry number: Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (ethanol): 615 nm Molar absorptivity: 10.9 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 690 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 532 all 703 660 - XeCl-Excimer Nd:YAG, 2nd CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 665 - 718 - 5 - 0.53 DMSO + DCM - Ref. 1 2 3 References 1. Lambda Physik. 2. R. J. Hall et al., Opt. Letters 4(3), 87 (1979). 3. J. Heber, A. Szabo, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-20(1), 9 (1984). 199 200 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 200 250 300 350 538.95 400 450 500 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Rhodamine 700 LC 7000 C 26 H26 N2 O 5 ClF 3 Solvent: Ethanol Rhodamine 700 550 600 650 700 Rhodamine 700 (LC 7000) Constitution 8-(Trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,11,12,14,15-octahydro-1H,4H,10H,13Hdiquinolizino[9,9a,1-bc:9',9a',1-hi]xanthylium Perchlorate LD 700 C 26H26N 2 O 5 ClF 3 · MW: 538.95 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 7000 Appearance: brown, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 643 nm Molar absorptivity: 9.25 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Very efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 750 nm Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 red 723 740 XeCl-Excimer Flashlamp CW, Kr + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 701 - 768 705 - 798 690 - 785 11 - Ref. 0.85 Methanol 1, 2 0.11 Ethanol 3 1.0 Eg. 1, 4, 5, 6 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983). 3. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-20(2), 108 (1984). 4. T. F. Johnston, R. H. Brady, W. Proffitt, Appl. Optics. 21(13), 2307 (1982). 5. G. D. Aumiller, Appl. Optics 23(5), 651 (1984). 6. E. G. Marason, Opt. Commun. 40(3), 212 (1982). 201 202 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 200 250 300 Pyridine 1 LC 7100 C 19H23N 2 O4 Cl Solvent: Ethanol 350 400 450 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 378.85 Pyridine 1 500 550 600 Pyridine 1 (LC 7100) Constitution 1-Ethyl-2-(4-(p-Dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-butadienyl)-pyridinium Perchlorat LDS 698 C 19H23N 2 O 4 Cl · MW: 378.85 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 7100 Appearance: red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 480 nm Molar absorptivity: 3.80 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 710 nm Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 532 510 VIS 710 703 697 684 710 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 2nd Cu-vapor CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 670 - 760 675 - 750 667 - 736 661 - 724 670 - 780 10 rel. 32 6 - 0.84 DMSO 0.88 DMSO 0.36 PC 1.17 Methanol Pc./Eg. Ref. 1, 2 3 1, 4 5 6, 7 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983). 3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 4. Lambda Physik. 5. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984). 6. J. Hoffnagle et al., Opt. Commun. 42(4), 267 (1982). 7. Ph. Bado et al., Opt. Commun. 46(3,4), 241 (1983). 203 204 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 200 250 300 350 367.38 400 450 500 550 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Carbazine 122 LC 7200 C 22H18 NO 3 Na Solvent: Ethanol (basic) Carbazine 122 600 650 700 Carbazine 122 (LC 7200) Constitution Carbazine 720 C 22H18NO 3 Na · MW: 367.38 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 7200 CAS registry number: Appearance: red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in basic ethanol): 655 nm Molar absorptivity: 7.54 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 640 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 532 red 720 700 750 XNd:YAG, 2nd Flashlamp CW, Kr + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 680 - 740 690 - 820 30 - 1.10 Water 0.07 Methanol 0.72 Eg. Ref. 1, 2, 3 4 5 References 1. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(10), 1886 (1981). 2. K. Kato, Opt. Commun. 19(1), 18 (1976). 3. K. Kato, Opt. Commun. 18(4), 447 (1976). 4. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974). 5. P. E. Jessop, A. Szabo, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-16(8), 812 (1980). 205 206 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 200 250 300 350 431.87 400 450 500 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Oxazine 170 LC 7210 C 21H22N 3 O5 Cl Solvent: Ethanol Oxazine 170 550 600 650 Oxazine 170 (LC 7210) Constitution 9-Ethylamino-5-ethylimino-10-methyl-5H-benzo(a)phenoxazonium Perchlorate Oxazine 720 C 21H22N 3 O 5 Cl · MW: 431.87 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 7210 CAS registry number: 62669-60-7 Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 627 nm Molar absorptivity: 9.20 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 650 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 670 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 532 510 red 708 705 672 675 730 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 2nd Cu-vapor CW, Kr + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 660 - 728 672 - 727 660 - 712 670 - 740 4 rel. 20 12 - 1.14 0.79 0.08 0.13 0.86 Methanol Methanol Methanol Methanol Eg. Ref. 1, 2, 3 4 5, 6 7 8 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83. 2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983). 3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 5. K. Kato, Opt. Commun. 19(1), 18 (1976). 6. C. A. Moore, C. D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49(1), 47 (1978). 7. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984). 8. P. E. Jessop, A. Szabo, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-16(8), 812 (1980). 207 208 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 200 250 300 350 423.90 400 450 500 550 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Oxazine 1 LC 7250 C 20H26N 3 O5 Cl Solvent: Ethanol Oxazine 1 600 650 700 Oxazine 1 (LC 7250) Constitution 3-Diethylamino-7-diethyliminophenoxazonium Perchlorate Oxazine 725 C 20H26N 3 O 5 Cl · MW: 423.90 Characteristics 7250 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 24796-94-9 Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 646 nm Molar absorptivity: 13.0 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 670 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 670 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 532 red 734 730 695 720 720 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 2nd Flashlamp CW, Kr + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 692 - 768 692 - 751 700 - 740 695 - 800 6 18 - 0.85 Ethanol 1.96 Ethanol 0.07 Methanol - Methanol 1.20 Eg. Ref. 1, 2, 3 4 5, 6 7 8 References 1. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981). 2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983). 3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 4. B. M. Pierce, R. R. Birge, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-18(7), 1164 (1982). 5. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(10), 1886 (1981). 6. C. A. Moore, C. D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49(1), 47 (1978). 7. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974). 8. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets. 209 210 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 200 250 300 350 518.47 400 450 500 550 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> DTDCI LC 7260 C 23 H23 N2 S 2I Solvent: Ethanol DTDCI 600 650 700 DTDCI (LC 7260) Constitution 3-Diethylthiadicarbocyanine Iodide NK 136 C 23H23N 2 S 2 I · MW: 518.47 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 7260 CAS registry number: Appearance: blue, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 653 nm Molar absorptivity: 22.3 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 760 nm. Saturable absorber for flashlamp pumped Rhodamine 101 dye lasers; applicable around 650 nm 1.) . Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 337 - 695 760 Nitrogen Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] - - 0.13 0.10 Acetone DMSO Ref. 2 3 References 1. T. J. Negran, A. M. Glass, Appl. Optics 17(17), 2812 (1978). 2. Chinlon Lin, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 61 (1975). 3. A. Hirth, K. Vollrath, J. Faure, D. Lougnot, Opt. Commun. 7(4), 339 (1973). 211 212 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 200 250 300 350 469.92 400 450 500 550 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Oxazine 750 LC 7270 C 24H24N 3 O5 Cl Solvent: Ethanol Oxazine 750 600 650 700 Oxazine 750 (LC 7270) Constitution C 24H24N 3 O 5Cl · MW: 469.92 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 7270 CAS registry number: Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 667 nm Molar absorptivity: 8.25 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 750 nm. Pump Source Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 red 777 724 810 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen CW, Kr + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 735 - 796 708 - 780 790 - 900 6 rel. - 1.25 0.50 0.62 DMSO Ethanol PC./Eg. Ref. 1, 2, 3 3, 4 5 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83. 2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983). 3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1983). 4. B. M. Pierce, R. R. Birge, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE18(7), 1164 (1982). 5. G. D. Aumiller, Opt. Commun. 41(2), 115 (1982). 213 214 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 200 250 300 Pyridine 2 LC 7300 C 19H23N 2 O4 Cl Solvent: Ethanol 350 400 450 500 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 378.85 Pyridine 2 550 600 650 Pyridine 2 (LC 7300) Constitution 1-Ethyl-4-(4-(p-Dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-butadienyl)-pyridinium Perchlorat LDS 722 C 19H23N 2 O 4 Cl · MW: 378.85 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 7300 Appearance: red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 500 nm Molar absorptivity: 4.22 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 740 nm Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 532 510 VIS 740 743 750 722 720 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG Cu-vapor CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 695 - 790 710 - 790 725 - 776 687 - 755 685 - 820 11 rel. 21 4 - 0.72 DMSO 0.85 DMSO 0.22 PC 1.00 Methanol 0.75 Pc./Eg. Ref. 1 2 3 4 1 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 3. Lambda Physik. 3. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984). 215 216 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 200 250 300 350 510.46 400 450 500 550 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> HIDCI LC 7400 C 27 H31 N 2I Solvent: Ethanol HIDCI 600 650 700 HIDCI (LC 7400) Constitution 1,1',3,3,3',3'-Hexamethylindodicarbocyanine Iodide Hexacyanine 2 C 27H31N 2 I · MW: 510.46 Characteristics 7400 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 36536-22-8 Appearance: blue, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 639 nm Molar absorptivity: 22.5 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 740 nm. Saturable absorber for flashlamp pumped Rhodamine 6G dye lasers; applicable around 630 nm 1.) . Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] - 740 Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] - - 0.11 DMSO Ref. 2 References 1. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 13(1), 193 (1974). 2. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972). 217 218 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Cryptocyanine LC 7450 C 25 H25 N 2I Solvent: Ethanol Cryptocyanine 600 480.39 650 700 750 Cryptocyanine (LC 7450) Constitution 1,1'-Diethyl-4,4'-carbocyanine Iodide DCI-4 C 25H25N 2 I · MW: 480.39 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 7450 CAS registry number: 4727-50-8 Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 708 nm Molar absorptivity: 22.5 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Saturable absorber for the ruby laser; applicable around 700 nm 1., 2., 3., 4.) . References 1. M. L. Spaeth, W. R. Sooy, J. Chem. Phys. 48(5), 2315 (1968). 2. I. K. Krasyuk et al., JETP Letters 7(4), 89 (1968). 3. H. W. Mocker, R. J. Collins, Appl. Phys. Letters 7(10), 270 (1965). 4. V. I. Malyshev, A. S. Markin, A. A. Sychev, JETP Letters 6, 34 (1967). 219 220 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 200 250 300 350 430.93 400 450 500 550 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Styryl 6 LC 7500 C 23H27N 2 O4 Cl Solvent: Ethanol Styryl 6 600 650 700 Styryl 6 (LC 7500) Constitution 2-(4-(p-Dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-butadienyl)-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium Perchlorate LDS 730 C 23H27N 2 O 4 Cl · MW: 430.93 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 7500 CAS registry number: Appearance: blue, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 615 nm Molar absorptivity: 7.38 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 720 nm Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 532 721 Nd:YAG, 2nd Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 708 - 735 16 0.28 PC Ref. 1 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. K. Kato, IEEE J. Quantaum Electr. QE-16(10), 1017 (1980). 221 222 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 200 250 300 350 Styryl 8 LC 7550 C 21H23N 2SO 4 Cl Solvent: Ethanol 450 400 500 550 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 434.94 Styryl 8 600 650 700 Styryl 8 (LC 7550) Constitution 2-(4-(p-Dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-butadienyl)-3-ethylbenzothoazolium Perchlorat LDS 751 C 21H23N 2 SO 4 Cl · MW: 434.94 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 7550 CAS registry number: 76433-29-9 Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 570 nm Molar absorptivity: 6.15 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 750 nm Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 532 510 VIS 750 711 780 Nd:YAG, 2nd Cu-vapor CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 717 - 780 703 - 724 700 - 840 13 3 - 0.15 PC 1.70 Methanol Pc./Eg. Ref. 1 2 3, 4 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984). 3. J. Hoffnagle et al., Opt. Commun. 42(4), 267 (1982). 4. J. J. L. Mulders, L. W. G. Steenhuysen, Opt. Commun. 54(5), 295 (1985). 223 224 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> DDI LC 7700 C 27 H27 N 2I Solvent: Ethanol DDI 600 506.43 650 700 750 DDI (LC 7700) Constitution 1,1'-Diethyl-2,2'-dicarbocyanine Iodide C 27H27N 2 I · MW: 506.43 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 7700 CAS registry number: 14187-31-6 Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in methanol): 710 nm Molar absorptivity: 23.0 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 745 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 800 nm. Saturable absorber for the Ruby laser and flashlamp pumped Cresyl Violet and Rhodamine 700 dye lasers; applicable around 710 nm 1., 2., 3.) . Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 694 806 Ruby Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] - 13 0.03 Ethanol Ref. 4 References 1. E. G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 20(3), 125 (1972). 2. M. E. Mack, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-4, 1015 (1968). 3. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. 20(2), 108 (1984). 4. A. M. Bonch-Bruevich, Opt. Spectr. 28, 51 (1970). 225 226 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 200 250 300 350 Pyridine 4 LC 7710 C 23H27N 2 O4 Cl Solvent: Ethanol 400 450 500 550 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 430.5 Pyridine 4 600 650 700 Pyridine 4 (LC 7710) Constitution 1-Ethyl-4-(4-(9-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo(i,j)-chinolizinium))-1,3butadienyl)-pyridinium Perchlorate C 23H27N 2 O 4 Cl · MW: 430.5 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 7710 CAS Registry number: Appearance: dark brown, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 550 nm Molar absorptivity: 4.26 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 770 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 771 XeCl-Excimer Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 744 - 812 7 0.75 DMSO Ref. 1 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 227 228 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Methyl-DOTCI LC 7800 C 23H21N 2O 2I Solvent: Ethanol Methyl-DOTCI 600 484.31 650 700 750 Methyl-DOTCI (LC 7800) Constitution 3,3'-Dimethyloxatricarbocyanine Iodide DMOTCI · NK 199 C 23H21N 2 O 2 I · MW: 484.31 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 7800 Appearance: blue, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 682 nm Molar absorptivity: 19.8 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 718 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 780 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] XeCl-Excimer 308 Nitrogen 337 Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 Flashlamp CW, Kr + red Peak [nm] 792 780 780 810 - Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 774 - 810 4 0.90 DMSO 768 - 820 rel. 0.51 DMSO rel. DMSO 0-07 DMSO 745 - 790 1.45 Eg. Ref. 1, 2, 3 3, 4 5 6 7 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83. 2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981). 3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 5. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(10), 1886 (1981). 6. C. Loth, P. Flamant, Opt. Commun. 21(1), 13 (1977). 7. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974). P.S. The DOTCI (3,3'-Diethyloxatricarbocyanine Iodide) shows identical performance, however, its photochemical stability is much lower. 229 230 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 200 250 300 350 Styryl 11 LC 7950 C 23H25N 2 O4 Cl Solvent: Ethanol 400 450 500 550 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 428.5 Styryl 11 600 650 700 Styryl 11 (LC 7950) Constitution 1-Ethyl-4-(4-(p-Dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-butadienyl)-quinolinium Perchlorate LDS 798 C 23H25N 2 O 4 Cl · MW: 428.5 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 7950 CAS registry number: 92479-59-9 Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 575 nm Molar absorptivity: 4.55 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 800 nm Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] VIS 800 CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 770 - 845 5 0.51 Pc./Eg. Ref. 1 References 1. J. Hoffnagle et al., Opt. Commun. 42(4), 267 (1982). 231 232 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 200 250 300 350 495.52 400 450 500 550 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> Rhodamine 800 LC 8000 C 26H26N 3 O5 Cl Solvent: Ethanol Rhodamine 800 600 650 700 750 Rhodamine 800 (LC 8000) Constitution 8-Cyano-2,3,5,6,11,12,14,15-octahydro-1H,4H,10H,13H-diquinolizino[9,9a,1bc:9',9a',1-hi]xanthylium Perchlorate C 26H26N 3 O 5 Cl · MW: 495.52 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 8000 CAS registry number: 101027-54-7 Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 682 nm Molar absorptivity: 8.95 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Very efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 810 nm Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 red 810 795 XeCl-Excimer CW, Kr + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 776 - 823 730 - 835 6 22 1.00 0.21 DMSO Eg. Ref. 1 2 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. R. Raue, H. Harnisch, K. H. Drexhage, Heterocycles 21(1), 167 (1984). 233 234 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 200 250 300 350 Styryl 9M LC 8400 C 27H31N 2O 4 SCl Solvent: Ethanol 400 450 500 550 600 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 513.96 Styryl 9M 650 700 750 Styryl 9M (LC 8400) Constitution 2-(6-(4-Dimethylaminophenyl)-2,4-neopentylene-1,3,5-hexatrienyl)-3-methylbenzothiazolium Perchlorat LDS 821 C 27H31N 2 O 4 SCl · MW: 513.96 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 8400 CAS registry number: 120528-73-6 Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 585 nm Molar absorptivity: 5.05 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Very efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 840 nm Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 532 510 VIS 840 840 824 815 840 830 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 2nd Cu-vapor Flashlamp CW, Ar + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 810 - 875 803 - 875 797 - 851 793 - 845 810 - 860 785 - 900 9 rel. 15 14 - 1.10 DMSO 1.03 DMSO 0.26 Pc. 0.67 Methanol 0.01 Pc./Eg. 2.0 Pc./Eg. Ref. 1,2 3 1, 4 5 6, 7 1, 8,9 References See page 236. P.S. The 3-Ethyl-derivative (Styryl 9/LDS 820) shows similar performance. However, its photochemical stability in CW pumped dye lasers is slightly lower. 235 References (STYRYL 9M) 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983). 3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 4. K. Kato, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-16(19), 1017 (1980). 5. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984). 6. K. Smith, W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, Opt. Commun. 49(5), 359 (1984). 7. Cheng-Huei Lin, B. Marshall, Appl. Optics 23(14), 2228 (1984). 8. J. Hofnagle et al., Opt. Commun. 42(4), 267 (1982). 9. J. J. L. Mulders, L. W. G. Steenhuysen, Opt. Commun. 54(5), 295 (1985). References (HITCI) References (IR 140) 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83. 2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 3. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B30, 109 (1983). 4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 5. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(10), 1886 (1981). 6. C. A. Moore, C. D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49(1), 47 (1978). 7. C. D. Decker, Appl. Phys. Letters 27(11), 607 (1975). 8. J. P. Webb et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 114 (1975). 9. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets. 10. Lambda Physik. ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 236 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981). 3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(10), 3553 (1981). 4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 5. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 1886 (1981). 6. A. Hirth, K. Vollrath, J. Faure, D. Lougnot, Opt. Commun. 7(4), 339(1973). 7. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets. 8. T. F. Johnston, R. H. Brady, W. Proffitt, Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307 (1982). 237 238 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 200 250 300 350 400 536.50 450 500 550 600 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> HITCI LC 8500 C 29 H33 N 2I Solvent: Ethanol HITCI 650 700 750 800 HITCI (LC 8500) Constitution 1,1',3,3,3',3'-Hexamethylindotricarbocyanine Iodide Hexacyanine 3 C 29H33N 2 I · MW: 536.50 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 8500 CAS registry number: 19764-96-6 Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 741 nm Molar absorptivity: 21.5 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 778 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 860 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 532 ir 868 846 815 879 880 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 2nd Flashlamp CW, Kr + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 837 - 905 828 -891 815 - 920 4 rel. 10 Ref. 1.20 DMSO 1, 2, 3 1.06 DMSO 3, 4 Ethanol 5 0.11 DMSO 6 0.3 DMSO/Eg. 7, 8 References See page 236. 239 240 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 300 350 400 450 774.96 500 550 600 650 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> IR 125 LC 8630 C 43H47N2 O6 S2 Na Solvent: DMSO IR 125 700 750 800 850 IR 125 (LC 8630) Constitution C 43H47N 2 O 6 S2 Na · MW: 774.96 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 8630 CAS registry number: 3599-32-4 Appearance: bronze, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in DMSO): 795 nm Molar absorptivity: 17.3 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in chloroform): 838 For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 920 nm Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 532 - 920 918 913 940 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 2nd Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 890 - 960 893 - 958 - 4 rel. 3 - 2.0 1.94 0.39 0.08 DMSO DMSO DMSO DMSO Ref. 1 2, 3 4 5 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/90. 2. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 3. B. M. Pierce, R. R. Birge, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-18(7), 1164 (1982). 4. C. D. Decker, Appl. Phys. Letters 27(11), 607 (1975). 5. J. P. Webb et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 114 (1975). 241 242 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 200 250 300 350 400 544.51 450 500 550 600 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> DTTCI LC 8760 C 25 H25 N2 S 2I Solvent: Ethanol DTTCI 650 700 750 800 850 DTTCI (LC 8760) Constitution 3,3'-Diethylthiatricarbocyanine Iodide C 25H25N 2 S 2 I · MW: 544.51 Characteristics 8760 Lambdachrome ® number: CAS registry number: 3071-70-3 Appearance: blue, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 760 nm Molar absorptivity: 21.0 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in chloroform): 815 For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 850 nm Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 - 849 852 889 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 828 - 883 834 - 892 - 1 rel. - 0.42 DMSO 0.60 DMSO 0.11 Methanol Ref. 1 1, 2 3, 4 References 1. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 2. B. M. Pierce, R. R. Birge, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-18(7), 1164 (1982). 3. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972). 4. A. Hirth, K. Vollrath, J. Faure, D. Lougnot, Opt. Commun. 7(4), 339 (1973). 243 244 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 200 250 300 350 400 1008.34 450 500 550 600 650 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> IR 144 LC 8800 C 56 H73 N 5O 8 S2 Solvent: Ethanol IR 144 700 750 800 850 IR 144 (LC 8800) Constitution C 56H73N 5 O 8 S 2 · MW: 1008.34 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 8800 CAS registry number: 54849-69-3 Appearance: bronze, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in DMSO): 750 nm Molar absorptivity: 14.1 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 848 For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 880 nm Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 532 - 869 874 867 880 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 2nd Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 856 - 879 862 - 892 - 3 rel. 6 - 1.08 1.61 0.30 0.10 DMSO DMSO DMSO DMSO Ref. 1, 2 1, 3, 4 5, 6 7 References 1. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981). 2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B30, 109 (1983). 3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet. 4. B. M. Pierce, R. R. Birge, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-18(7), 1164 (1982). 5. F. Bos, Appl. Optics. 20(10), 1886 (1981). 6. C. A. Moore, C. D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49(1), 47 (1978). 7. J. P. Webb et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 114 (1975). 245 246 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 200 250 300 350 Styryl 15 LC 8810 C 31H35N 2O 4 SCl Solvent: Ethanol 400 450 500 550 600 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 566.5 Styryl 15 650 700 750 800 Styryl 15 (LC 8810) Constitution 2-(6-(9-(2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo(i,j)-chinolizinium))-2,4-neopentylene1,3,5-hexatrienyl)-3-methylbenzothiazolium Perchlorate C 31H35N 2 O 4 SCl · MW: 566.5 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 8810 CAS Registry number: Appearance: dark green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 648 nm Molar absorptivity: 4.42 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 880 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 532 880 880 XeCl-Excimer Nd:YAG, 2nd Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 856 - 918 856 - 918 7 7 1.15 0.62 DMSO Pc. Ref. 1 1 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 247 248 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> DNTTCI LC 8850 C 30 H33 N2 S 2I Solvent: Ethanol DNTTCI 650 612.63 700 750 800 DNTTCI (LC 8850) Constitution 3,3'-Diethyl-9,11-neopentylenethiatricarbocyanine Iodide C 30H33N 2 S 2 I · MW: 612.63 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 8850 CAS registry number: Appearance: brass colored, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 765nm Molar absorptivity: 22.5 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum : For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 880 nm Pump Source Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] - 880 Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] - - 0.12 DMSO Ref. 1 References 1. A. Hirth, K. Vollrath, J. Faure, D. Lougnot, Opt. Commun. 7(4), 339 (1973). 249 250 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 200 250 300 350 400 636.62 450 500 550 600 650 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> HDITCI LC 9200 C 37 H37 N 2I Solvent: Ethanol HDITCI 700 750 800 850 HDITCI (LC 9200) Constitution 1,1',3,3,3',3'-Hexamethyl-4,4',5,5'-dibenzo-2,2'-indotricarbocyanine Iodide Hexadibenzocyanin 3 C 37H37N 2 I · MW: 636.62 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 9200 CAS registry number: 23178-67-8 Appearance: bronze colored, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 780 nm Molar absorptivity: 23.1 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in chloroform): 824 For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 920 nm. Saturable absorber for CW pumped Oxazine 170 dye lasers; applicable around 780 nm 1.) . Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 red 932 920 XeCl-Excimer CW, Kr + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 899-975 880 - 960 4 2 0.90 DMSO 0.95 DMSO/Eg. Ref. 1, 2 3 References 1. G. W. Fehrenbach et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 33(2), 159 (1978). 2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B30, 109 (1983). 3. K. M. Romanek et al., Opt. Commun. 21(1), 16 (1977). 251 252 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200 250 300 350 400 644.43 450 500 550 600 650 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> DDTTCI LC 9280 C 33 H29 N2 S 2I Solvent: Ethanol DDTTCI 700 750 800 850 DDTTCI (LC 9280) Constitution 3,3'-Diethyl-4,4',5,5'-dibenzothiatricarbocyanine Iodide Hexadibenzocyaini 45 C 33H29N 2 S 2 I · MW: 644.43 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 9280 CAS registry number: Appearance: bronze colored, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 798 nm Molar absorptivity: 19.6 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 930 nm Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 - 932 870 946 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Flashlamp Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 899 - 975 - 5 rel. - 0.92 0.32 DMSO Acetone Pc./DMSO Ref. 1, 2 3 4 References 1. Lambda Physik. 2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981). 3. Chinlon Lin, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 61 (1975). 4. A. Hirth, J. Faure, D. Lougnot, Opt. Commun. 8(4), 318 (1973). 253 254 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> DDCI-4 LC 9300 C 27H27N 2O Solvent: Ethanol DDCI-4 700 506.43 750 800 850 DDCI-4 (LC 9300) Constitution 1,2'-Diethyl-4,4'-dicarbocyanine Iodide NK 1144 C 27H27N 2 O · MW: 506.43 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 9300 CAS registry number: Appearance: green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 815 nm Molar absorptivity: 23.6 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 850 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 930 nm Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 337 930 Nitrogen Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] - rel. 0.50 Acetone Ref. 1 References 1. Chinlon Lin, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 61 (1975). 255 256 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 200 250 300 350 400 779.21 450 500 550 600 650 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> IR 140 LC 9310 C 39H34N 3O 4S 2 Cl3 Solvent: Ethanol IR 140 700 750 800 850 IR 140 (LC 9310) Constitution C 39H34N 3 O 4 S2 Cl 3 · MW: 779.21 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 9310 CAS registry number: 53655-17-7 Appearance: brown, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 810 nm Molar absorptivity: 15.0 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 860 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 950 nm Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 337 532 VIS 950 910 890 950 970 XeCl-Excimer Nitrogen Nd:YAG, 2nd Flashlamp CW, Kr + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 882 - 985 900 - 936 880 - 1010 3 rel. 5 14 Ref. 1.10 DMSO 1, 2, 3 0.78 DMSO 3, 4 0.31 DMSO 5, 6, 7 0.08 DMSO 8 0.71 DMSO/Eg. 9, 10 References See page 236. 257 258 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 200 250 300 350 Sryl 14 LC 9450 C 29H33N 2O 4 SCl Solvent: Ethanol 400 450 500 550 600 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 540.5 Styryl 14 650 700 750 800 Styryl 14 (LC 9450) Constitution 2-(8-(4-p-Dimetyhlaminophenyl)-2,4-neopentylene-1,3,5,7-octatetraenyl)-3methylbenzothiazolium Perchlorate C 29H33N 2 O 4 SCl · MW: 540.5 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 9450 CAS Registry number: Appearance: dark green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 588 nm Molar absorptivity: 5.17 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 950 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 532 945 945 XeCl-Excimer Nd:YAG, 2nd Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 904 - 992 904 - 990 9 9 1.10 0.27 DMSO Pc. Ref. 1 1 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 259 260 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 200 250 300 350 400 1026.62 450 500 550 600 650 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> IR 132 LC 9500 C 59 H48 N3 O 8 S2 Cl Solvent: DMSO IR 132 700 750 800 850 900 IR 132 (LC 9500) Constitution C 59H48N 3 O8 S 2 Cl · MW: 1026.62 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 9500 CAS registry number: 62669-62-9 Appearance: red, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in DMSO): 830 nm Molar absorptivity: 15.9 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in chloroform): 861 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 950 nm Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 532 VIS 909 972 - Nd:YAG, 2nd Flashlamp ML, Kr + Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 863 - 1048 1 - 0.51 0.10 0.80 DMSO DMSO DMSO Ref. 1 2 3 References 1. C. D. Decker, Appl. Phys. Letters 27(11), 607 (1975). 2. J. P. Webb et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 114(1975). 3. M. Leduc, Opt. Commun. 31(1), 66(1979). 261 262 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 200 250 300 350 Styryl 20 LC 9940 C 33H37N 2O 4 SCl Solvent: DMSO 400 450 500 550 600 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> 592.5 Styryl 20 650 700 750 800 Styryl 20 (LC 9940) Constitution 2-(8-(9-(2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo(i,j)chinolizinium))-2,4-neopentylene1,3,5,7-octatetraenyl)-3-methylbenzothiazolium Perchlorate C 33H37N 2 O 4 SCl · MW: 592.5 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 9940 CAS registry number: Appearance: dark green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 645 nm Molar absorptivity: 4.70 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient IR laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 990 nm. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Peak [nm] 308 532 994 994 XeCl-Excimer Nd:YAG, 2nd Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 970 - 1036 970 - 1036 4 4 1.10 0.68 DMSO Pc. Ref. 1 1 References 1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996. 263 264 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 300 400 500 600 700 800 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> IR 26 LC 1080 C 40 H30 O4 S 2Cl 2 Solvent: Dichloroethane IR 26 900 709.70 1000 1100 1200 IR 26 (LC 1080) Constitution C 40H30O 4 S 2 Cl 2 · MW: 709.70 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 1080 CAS registry number: 76871-75-5 Appearance: dark green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in dichloroethane): 1080 nm Molar absorptivity: 10.3 x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum (in benzyl alcohol): 1180 nm For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Efficient laser dye for synchronously pumped (Nd:YAG) dye lasers; tunable around 1030 nm. Saturable absorber for Nd:YAG lasers. Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Nd:YAG 1064 Peak [nm] Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 1290 1200 - 1320 4 0.71 Bz. Ref. 1, 2, 3, 4 References 1. W. Kranitzky et al., Opt. Commun. 36(2), 149 (1981). 2. A. Seilmeier et al., Optics. Letters 8(4), 205 (1983). 3. A. Seilmeier, Opt. Quantum Electr. 16, 89 (1984). 4. K. Kato, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-20(7), 698 (1984). 265 266 ABSORBANCE [10 -4 * L/(MOL *CM] ---> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 300 400 500 775.34 600 700 800 900 WAVELENGTH [NM] ---> IR 5 LC 1090 C 50 H43O 6 Cl Solvent: Dichloroethane IR 5 1000 1100 1200 IR 5 (LC 1090) Constitution C 50H43O 6 Cl · MW: 775.34 Characteristics Lambdachrome ® number: 1090 CAS registry number: 61010-01-3 Appearance: dark green, crystalline solid Absorption maximum (in dichloroethane): 1090 nm Molar absorptivity: 9.30x 10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 Fluorescence maximum: For research and development purposes only. Lasing Performance Laser dye for synchronously pumped (Nd:YAG) dye lasers; tunable around 1300 nm. Saturable absorber for Nd:glass lasers 2.). Source Pump Wavelength [nm] Nd:YAG 1064 Peak [nm] Dye Laser Characteristics Range Effic. Conc. Solvent [nm] [%] [g/l] 1320 1180 - 1400 10 0.64 DCE Ref. 1, 2, References 1. T. Elsaesser et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-20(3), 191 (1984). 2. R. R. Alfano et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-17(3), 290 (1981). 267 Saturable Absorbers a: Dye/LC # b: Application c: Literature a: DASPI/LC 4660 b: s.a. for FL-pumped C1-, C102-, C466-, C6H-dye laser applicable in the 480 - 500 nm range c: Sibbett et al., Opt. Commun. 46(1), 32 (1983) a: DASBTI/LC 5280 b: s.a. for FL-pumped C6-, C522-, C153-, Rh110-dye laser applicable in the 500 - 540 nm range c: W. Sibbett et al., Opt. Commun. 44(2), 121 (1982) W. Sibbett et al., Appl. Phys. B29, 191 (1982) W. Sibbett et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-19(4), 558 (1983) a: DOCI/LC 5410 b: s.a. for FL-pumped C102-, C500-, XeCl-pumped C102-dye laser applicable in the 480 - 500 nm range c: J.C. Mialocq et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 33(9), 819 (1978) R. Wyatt, Opt. Commun. 38(1), 64 (1981) Th. Varghese, Opt. Commun. 44(5), 353 (1983) M. Watanabe et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 45(9), 929 (1984) a: DMETCI/LC 5460 b: s.a. for FL-pumped C153-dye laser applicable in the 530 - 550 nm range c: W. Sibbett et al., Opt. Commun. 43(1), 50 (1982) a: DQOCI/LC 5920 b: s.a. for FL-pumped Fluorol 7GA-, Rh6G-dye laser applicable in the 550 - 590 nm range c: E. Lill et al., Opt. Commun. 20(2), 223 (1977) R.S. Adrain et al., Opt. Commun. 12(2), 140 (1974) a: DCI-2/LC 5950 b: s.a. for FL-pumped Rh6G-dye laser applicable in the 560 - 600 nm range c: M. Maeda et al., Japan J. Appl. Phys. 13(1), 193 (1974) 268 a: Malachit Green/LC 6220 b: additive for CW-pumped Rh6G-dye laser applicable in combination with DODCI as s.a. c: M. Young, Appl. Optics 18(19), 3212 (1979) A. Watanabe et al., IEEE J. Quant. Electr. QE-19(4), 533 (1983) a: DTCI/LC 6250 b: s.a. for FL-pumped Rh6G-dye laser applicable in the 580 nm range c: M. Maeda et al., J. Appl. Phys. 13(1), 193 (1974) a: DQTCI/LC 6290 b: s.a. for FL-pumped RhB-dye laser applicable in the 600 - 620 nm range c: E. G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 20(3), 125 (1972) E. Lill et al., Opt. Commun. 22(1), 107 (1977) a: DODCI/LC 6550 b: "state of the art"-s.a. for CW- and FL-pumped Rh6G-dye laser applicable in the 570 - 600 nm range c: elsewhere a: DTDCI/LC 7260 b: s.a. for FL-pumped Rh101-, CV/Rh6G-dye laser applicable in the 630 - 650 nm range c: J. Negran et al., Appl. Optics 17(17), 2812 (1978) E.G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 20(3), 125 (1972) a: Cryptocyanine/LC 7450 b: s.a. for Ruby-lasers c: I.K. Krasyuk et al., JETP Letters 7(4), 89 (1968) H.W. Mocker et al., Appl Phys. Lett. 7(10), 270 (1965) V.I. Malyshev et al., JETP Letters 6(2), 34 (1967) a: DDI/LC 7700 b: s.a. for FL-pumped CV/Rh6G-, Rh700-dye laser, Ruby-laser applicable in the 680 - 710 nm range c: E.G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 20(3), 125 (1972) M.E. Mack, IEEE J. Quant. Electr. QE-4, 1015 (1968) W. Sibbett et al., IEEE J. Quant. Electr. QE-20(2), 108 (1984) a: DOTCI/LC 7880 b: s.a. for FL-pumped CV-dye laser applicable in the 680 - 700 nm range c: E.G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 20(3), 125 (1972) 269 a: HITCI/LC 8500 b: s.a. for FL-pumped DOTCI-dye laser applicable in the 750 - 800 nm range c: A. Hirth et al., Opt. Commun. 7(4), 339 (1973) a: HDITCI/LC 9200 b: s.a. for CW-pumped Oxazine 750-dye laser applicable in the 750 - 830 nm range c: G.W. Fehrenbach et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 33(2), 159 (1978) a: IR 140/LC 9310 b: s.a. for FL- and CW-pumped Styryl 9-dye laser applicable in the 840 nm range c: K. Smith et al., Opt. Commun. 49(5), 359 (1984) a: IR 26/LC 1080 b: s.a. for Nd:YAG-laser c: B. Kopainsky et al., Appl. Phys. B-29, 15 (1982) a: IR 5/LC 1090 b: s.a. for Nd:glass-laser c: R.R. Alfano et al., IEEE J. Quant. Electr. QE-17(3), 290 (1981) Abbreviations used: C CV CW FL LC Rh s.a. Coumarin Cresyl Violet continuous wave flashlamp Lambdachrome ® Rhodamine saturable absorber 270 Reference List LC No. 3300 3400 3500 3570 3590 3600 3640 3650 3690 3700 3720 3740 3780 3800 3810 3860 3900 3950 3990 4000 4090 4100 4150 4200 4220 4230 4240 4250 4300 4350 4400 4500 4650 4660 Lambdachrome ® Dye BM-Terphenyl PTP TMQ BMQ DMQ Butyl-PBD PBD TMI QUI PPO PPF PQP BBD Polyphenyl 1 Polyphenyl 2 BiBuQ Quinolon 390 a-NPO Furan 2 PBBO DPS Stilbene 1 BBO Stilbene 3 Carbostyryl 7 POPOP Coumarin 4 Bis-MSB BBOT Carbostyryl 3 Coumarin 120 Coumarin 2 DASPI Coumarin 466 corresponds to DMT p-Terphenyl TMQ BPBD-365 PBD PPO p-Quaterphenyl BBQ LD 390 a-NPO PBBO DPS BBO Stilbene 420 Carbostyryl 124 POPOP Umbelliferon 47 Bis-MSB Carbostyryl 165 Coumarin 440 Coumarin 450 LD 466, C1H 271 LC No. 4700 4800 4810 4850 4900 4910 5000 5010 5040 5100 5150 5210 5220 5280 5350 5360 5370 5400 5410 5460 5520 5530 5700 5750 5900 5901 5920 5950 6100 6101 6200 6220 6250 6290 6400 6500 272 Lambdachrome ® Dye Coumarin 47 Coumarin 102 Coumarin 152A Coumarin 152 Coumarin 151 Coumarin 6H Coumarin 307 Coumarin 500 Coumarin 314 Coumarin 510 Coumarin 30 Coumarin 334 Coumarin 522 DASBTI Coumarin 7 Brillant Sulfaflavine Coumarin 6 Coumarin 153 DOCI DMETCI Uranin Fluorescein 27 Rhodamine 110 Rhodamine 19 Rhodamine 6G Rhodamine 6G (Perchl.) DQOCI DCI-2 Rhodamine B Rhodamine B (Perchl.) Sulforhodamine B Malachit Green DTCI DQTCI Rhodamine 101 DCM corresponds to Coumarin 460, Coumarin 1 Coumarin 480 Coumarin 481, Coumarin 35 Coumarin 485 Coumarin LD 490 Coumarin 503 Coumarin 500 Coumarin 504 Coumarin 510 Coumarin 515 Coumarin 521 Coumarin 522 Coumarin 535 Brillant Sulfaflavin Coumarin 540 Coumarin 540A DOC, NK 85 Disodium Fluorescein Fluorescein 548 Rhodamine 560 Rhodamine 575 Rhodamine 590 Rhodamine 590 (Perchl.) Rhodamine 610 Rhodamine 610 (Perchl.) Kiton Red 620 NK 76 Rhodamine 640 DCM LC No. 6501 6550 6600 6700 6900 6950 7000 7100 7210 7250 7260 7270 7300 7400 7500 7550 7700 7710 7800 7880 7950 8000 8410 8500 8630 8760 8800 8810 8850 9300 9310 9500 9940 10600 10800 10810 10900 Lambdachrome ® Dye DCM-spec. DODCI Sulforhodamine 101 Cresyl Violet Nile Blue Oxazine 4 Rhodamine 700 Pyridin 1 Oxazine 170 Oxazine 1 DTDCI Oxazine 750 Pyridin 2 HIDCI Styryl 6 Styryl 8 DDI Pyridin 4 Methyl-DOTCI DOTCI Styryl 11 Rhodamine 800 Styryl 9 (M) HITCI IR 125 DTTCI IR 144 Styryl 15 DNTTCI DDCI-4 IR 140 IR 132 Styryl 20 IR 25 IR 26 IR 26 (HFB) IR 5 corresponds to DODC-Iodide Sulforhodamine 640 Cresyl Violet 670 Nile Blue 690 LD 690 LD 700 LDS 698 Oxazine 720 Oxazine 725 DTDC-Iodide, NK 136 Oxazine 750 LDS 722 Hexacyanine 2, NK 529 LDS 730 LDS 751 NK 1456 DMOTC-Iodide, NK 199 DEOTC-Iodide LDS 798 LDS 820 (821) Hexacyanine 3, NK 125 IR 125 DTTC-Iodide, NK 126 IR 144 NK 1144 IR 140 IR 132 IR 26 IR 5 273 Tuning Curves Tuning curves of excimer-, nitrogen-, Nd:YAG-, and CW-laser pumped dye lasers are shown on the following pages. Parameters given are defined as follows: Peak Output maximum of the tuning curve, in nanometers. Tuning Range The tuning range is defined as the range, in nanometers, giving an efficiency larger than 10 percent of the maximum. All tuning ranges are restricted to broadband operation. Efficiency Dye laser output at the maximum of the tuning range relative to pump laser input, in percent. Efficiency may change in other configurations or pump power levels. Pump Wavelength Pump wavelength used in nanometers. Solvent BZ=Benzyl Alcohol, EG=Ethylene Glycol, CH=Cyclohexane, DI=Dioxane, ME=Methanol, DMSO=Dimethylsulfoxide, PC=Propylene Carbonate. Concentration Amount of dye, in grams, for 1 liter stock solution. There is an optimum concentration for a given dye, wavelength and input power. In case of continuously pumped dye lasers this optimum concentration generally lies between 60 percent and 80 percent absorption of the pump power, and in the case of transversally pumped pulsed dye lasers, at 99 percent absorption of the pump energy within 1 millimeters of the dye solution. Higher concentration causes the tuning curves to be shifted slightly to the red, while lower concentrations will result in blue shift. Optimization of the dye concentration is accomplished by adding either pure solvent or a solution of higher concentration than that recommended to the solution in the dye circulation system, until optimum power is at maximum. 274 Stability The accumulated pump energy t, in Wh, causing a decrease in dye laser output to 50 percent of the initial value for 1 liter dye solution (resp. 1 liter amplifier solution in the case of excimer pumped dye laser), measured at 10 Hz. The following classification has been used in the case of excimer laser pumped dye lasers: -: τ 10-30 Wh, +: τ 30-50 Wh, ++: τ > 50 Wh. In the case of Nd:YAGpumped lasers: -: τ< 50Wh, +: τ 50-100 Wh, ++: τ 100-300 Wh, +++: τ > 300 Wh. The stability of dyes being continuously pumped is classified as: -: τ < 100 Wh, +: τ 100-500Wh, ++: τ > 500 Wh. General Remarks The output power of dye lasers is strongly dependent on the quality of the dye used. To overcome reduced quantum efficiency and instability due to impurities, Lambdachrome ® laser dyes are examined by experienced chemist for their chemical and spectral properties and purified by specially developed techniques. Lambda Physik reserves the right to modify any information given herein. Every effort is made to ensure utmost accuracy; no liability, however, is assumed for errors occurring. Nothing here is to be constructed as recommending any practice or any product in violation of any patent. Cautious handling of dyes and dye solutions is advised, since the exact toxicity in most cases is not well known. The responsibility for the safe use of our laser dyes must rest in all cases with the user. 275 276 Dyes for EXCIMER LASER Pumped Dye Lasers 277 (nm) 334 343 360 363 390 381 388 397 399 396 406 425 441 448 456 480 500 540 581 600 623 658 LC 3300 LC 3400 LC 3590 LC 3600 LC 3690 LC 3800 LC 3860 LC 3810 LC 3990 LC 4000 LC 4090 LC 4200 LC 4400 LC 4500 LC 4700 LC 4800 LC 5000 LC 5400 LC 5900 LC 6100 LC 6400 LC 6500 BM-Terphenyl p-Terphenyl DMQ Butyl-PBD QUI Polyphenyl 1 BiBUQ Polyphenyl 2 Furan 2 PBBO DPS Stilbene 3 Coumarin 120 Coumarin 2 Coumarin 47 Coumarin 102 Coumarin 307 Coumarin 153 Rhodamine 6G Rhodamlne B Rhodamine 101 DCM Peak Lambdachrome Dye Tuning Range (nm) 312-343 332-360 346-377 356-385 368-402 363-408 367-405 386-418 388-426 386-420 399-415 412-443 423-462 432-475 440-484 460-510 479-553 522-600 569-608 588-644 614-672 632-690 Pump Source Wavelength (%) (nm) 4 248 8 308 9 308 5 308 11 308 12 308 11 308 10 308 8 308 7 308 11 308 9 308 15 308 15 308 18 308 18 308 16 308 15 308 16 308 12 308 12 308 12 308 *Values are as follows: -: Effic. Char. Energy Solvent Conc. Stability* (mJ) (g/l) 150 CH 0.50 400 DI 0.24 + 400 DI 0.23 ++ 400 DI 0.30 ++ 400 DI 0.20 ++ 400 EG 0.20 ++ 400 DI 0.25 ++ 400 EG 0.25 + 400 ME 0.50 + 400 DI 0.40 ++ 400 DI 0.25 400 ME 0.65 400 ME 0.82 + 400 ME 1.50 + 400 ME 1.59 + 400 ME 2.30 + 400 ME 3.40 400 ME 4.20 ++ 400 ME 1.20 + 400 ME 0.91 + 400 ME 0.75 400 DMSO 0.71 τ 10-30 Wh, +: τ 30-50 Wh, ++: τ >50 Wh 278 (nm) 723 710 740 771 810 840 868 880 920 945 994 LC 7000 LC 7100 LC 7300 LC 7710 LC 8000 LC 8400 LC 8500 LC 8810 LC 9210 LC 9450 LC 9940 Rhodamine 700 Pyridine 1 Pyridine 2 Pyridine 4 Rhodamine 800 Styryl 9 HITCI Styryl 15 IR125 Styryl 14 Styryl 20 Peak Lambdachrome Dye Tuning Range (nm) 701-768 670-760 695-790 744-812 776-823 810-875 837-905 856-918 890-960 904-992 970-1036 Pump Source Char. Wavelength Energy Solvent Conc. Stability* (%) (nm) (mJ) (g/l) 11 308 400 ME 0.85 10 308 400 DMS0 0.84 ++ 11 308 400 DMS0 0.72 + 7 308 400 DMS0 0.75 ++ 6 308 400 DMS0 1.00 + 9 308 400 DMS0 1.10 4 308 400 DMS0 1.20 7 308 400 DMS0 1.15 4 308 400 DMS0 2.00 9 308 400 DMS0 1.10 4 308 400 DMS0 1.10 *Values are as follows: -: τ 10-30 Wh, +: τ 30-50 Wh, ++: τ >50 Wh Effic. Dyes for EXCIMER LASER Pumped Dye Lasers (cont.) 279 LC 3900 LC 3990 LC 4260 LC 4200 LC 4400 LC 4700 LC 4800 LC 5000 LC 5100 LC 5400 LC 5530 LC 5750 LC 5900 LC 6100 LC 6200 LC 6400 LC 6600 LC 6500 LC 7100 LC 7300 Peak Tuning Effic. Pump Pump Source Char. Range geometry Wavelength Energy (nm) (nm) (%) (nm) (mJ) Quinolon 390 390 384-394 4 transv. 355 200 Furan 2 402 392-422 15 355 200 Furan 1 421 410-435 10 355 200 Stilbene 3 428 415-439 15 transv 355 200 Coumarin 120 440 420-470 16 transv. 355 200 Coumarin 47 460 444-476 15 transv 355 200 Coumarin 102 480 462-497 15 transv 355 200 Coumarin 307 508 485-546 15 transv 355 200 Coumarin 500 518 498-546 10 355 200 Coumarin 153 540 516-575 18 355 200 Fluorescein 27 550 540-575 28 long. 532 200 Rhodamine 19 567 556-586 31 long. 532 200 Rhodamine 6G 566 555-585 32 long. 532 200 Rhodamine B 594 584-619 29 long. 532 200 Sulforhodamine B 588 579-600 29 long. 532 200 Rhodamine 101 621 611-662 26 long. 532 200 Sulforhodamine101 628 619-673 15 long. 532 200 DCM 639 615-666 27 long. 532 200 Pyridine l 697 667-736 32 transv 532 200 Pyridine 2 750 725-776 21 532 200 **Values are as follows: -: τ <50, =: τ 50-100 Wh, ++: Lambdachrome Dye Conc. Stability** (g/l) ME 0.25 ME 0.50 + ME 0.26 + ME 0.25 ME 0.25 + ME 0.30 + ME 0.40 + ME 0.70 ME 0.70 ME 2.36 + ME 0.64 ++ ME 0.22 +++ ME 0.10 +++ ME 0.22 +++ ME 0.27 ++ ME 0.50 ++ PC 0.30 ++ PC 0.50 ++ PC 0.36 +++ PC 0.22 +++ τ 100-300 Wh, +++: τ >300Wh Solvent Dyes for Nd:YAG LASER Pumped Dye Lasers 280 LC 7500 LC 7600 LC 7550 LC 8400 LC 8810 LC 9450 LC 9940 Styryl 6 Styryl 7 Styryl 8 Styryl 9M Styryl 15 Styryl 14 Styryl 20 Lambdachrome Dye 721 720 750 824 880 945 994 (nm) Peak (%) Effic. Pump Pump Source Char. geometry Wavelength Energy (nm) (mJ) 708-735 16 532 200 701-749 16 transv 532 200 717-780 13 transv. 532 200 797-851 15 transv. 532 200 856-918 7 532 200 904-990 9 532 200 970-1036 4 532 200 **Values are as follows: -: τ <50, =: τ 50-100 Wh, ++: Tuning Range (nm) ++ +++ +++ ++ ++ ++ ++ τ >300Wh Conc. Stability** (g/l) PC 0.28 ME 0.12 ME 0.15 PC 0.26 PC 0.62 PC 0.27 PC 0.68 τ 100-300 Wh, +++: Solvent Dyes for Nd:YAG LASER Pumped Dye Lasers (cont.) 281 LC 3600 LC 3690 LC 3860 LC 4000 Butyl-PBD QUI BiBuQ PBBO Lambdachrome Dye Peak (nm) 362 387 383 395 Tuning Range (nm) 356-390 372-412 364-405 385-420 0.12 0.43 0.41 033 Rel. Efficiency Dl DI Dl Dl Solvent Concentration (g/l) 1.60 0.52 0.60 0.15 Dyes for NITROGEN LASER Pumped Dye Lasers 282 LC 4090 LC 4100 LC 4200 LC 4250 LC 4400 LC 4500 LC 4700 LC 4800 LC 5000 LC 5400 LC 5900 LC 6100 LC 6200 LC 6400 LC 6500 LC 7100 LC 7210 LC 7300 LC 7800 LC 7880 LC 8400 LC 8760 LC 8800 LC 9210 LC 9301 DPS Stilbene l Stilbene 3 Bis-MSB Coumarin 120 Coumarin 2 Coumarin 47 Coumarin 102 Coumarin 307 Coumarin 153 Rhodamine 6G Rhodamine B Sulforhodamine B Rhodamine 101 DCM Pyridine l Oxazine 170 Pyridine 2 Methyl-DOTC DOTC/HITC Styryl 9 DTTC/IR 144 IR 144/IR 125 IR 125 IR 140 Lambdachrome Dye Peak (nm) 404 417 424 421 438 444 453 470 504 537 581 622 622 648 659 703 705 743 780 823 840 871 887 918 910 Tuning Range (nm) 394-416 405-446 408-457 412-435 418-465 426-475 436-486 454-506 478-547 517-590 573-618 600-646 600-646 623-676 626-703 675-750 672-727 710-790 768-820 794-867 803-875 859-886 872-935 893-958 900-963 0.43 0.49 0.66 0.59 0.83 0.94 0.95 1.00 1.00 0.87 0.93 0.91 0.91 0.82 0.69 0.78 0.35 1.00 0.86 0.74 1.00 0.18 0.14 0.21 0.11 Rel. Efficiency DI EG ME Dl ME ME ME ME ME ME ME ME ME ME DMSO DMSO ME DMSO DMSO DMSO DMSO DMSO DMSO DMSO DMSO Solvent Concentration (g/l) 0.12 0.20 0.22 0.14 0.25 0.40 0.66 1.44 1.60 3.10 1.63 2.85 2.85 2.36 0.50 0.88 0.79 0.85 0.51 1.23/0.03 1.03 0.65/2.52 2.52/1.94 1.94 0.78 283 Dyes for ION LASER Pumped Dye Lasers 284 (nm) 384 415 435 482 535 550 575 625 645 740 720 830 LC 3810 LC 4100 LC 4200 LC 4800 LC 5370 LC 5700 LC 5900 LC 6200 LC 6500 LC 7000 LC 7300 LC 8400 Polyphenyl 2 Stilbene 1 Stilbene 3 Coumarin 102 Coumarin. 6 Rhodamine 110 Rhodamine 6G Sulforhodamine B DCM Special Rhodamine 700 Pyridine 2 Styryl 9 Peak Lambdachrome Dye (W) 2.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 4.6 7.5 6.0 Power EG EG EG BZ/EG BZ EG EG EG BZ/EG EG PC/EG PC/EG SoLCent (g/l) 2.0 0.75 1.0 2.0 2.0 0.75 0.75 2.5 2.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 τ >500 Wh + + ++ ++ + ++ ++ + + + + Conc. Stability*** τ <100 Wh, +: τ 100-500 Wh, ++: Pump source char. Wavelength (nm) Ar+, UV, 300-336nm Ar+, all lines UV Ar+, all lines UV Ar+, UV, 350-386nm Ar+, 488 nm Ar+, 514.5 nm Ar+, 514.5 nm Ar+, 514.5 nm Ar+, 514.5 nm Kr+, all lines red Ar+, 514.5 nm Ar+, 514.5 nm ***Vaules are as follows: -: Tuning Range (nm) 370-406 403-428 410-485 463-515 510-550 530-580 560-625 598-650 610-695 690-785 675-783 785-900
Source Exif Data:
File Type : PDF File Type Extension : pdf MIME Type : application/pdf PDF Version : 1.2 Linearized : No Creator : C:DataSmartPubs, IncClient F Create Date : Tuesday, January 18, 2000 11:32:16 AM Title : F Author : Unknown Producer : Acrobat PDFWriter 3.02 for Windows Subject : Modify Date : 2000:01:20 13:16:19 Page Count : 294EXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools