F LC 7500 Lamdachrome Laser Dyes

User Manual: LC-7500

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Lambdachrome®

Laser Dyes

Ulrich Brackmann

Lambda Physik AG · D-37079 Goettingen · Germany

Ulrich Brackmann

Lambdachrome®

Laser Dyes

3rd Edition

Dr. Ulrich Brackmann

Lambda Physik AG

Hans-Boeckler-Strasse 12

D-37079 Goettingen· Germany

Tel.: +49 (551) 6938-0

Lambda Physik AG

Hans-Boeckler-Strasse 12

D-37079 Goettingen· Germany

Tel.: +49 (551) 6938-0/0800EXCIMER

Fax: +49 (551) 6869-1

Email: salesgermany@lambdaphysik.com

Lambda Physik USA, Inc.

3201 West Commercial Boulevard

Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309 · USA

Tel.: +1 (800) EXCIMER/+1 (954) 486-1500

Fax: +1 (954) 486-1501

Email: laserdyes@lambdaphysik.com

Marubun Corp.

Marubun Daiya Building

8-1 Nihonbashi Odenmacho

Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8577 · Japan

Tel.: +81 (3) 3639-9811

Fax: +81 (3) 3662-1349

without permission of the publisher.

World Wide Web: www.lambdaphysik.com

All laser dyes mentioned in this book are immediately available from Lambda

Physik. For more information please call or write. All major credit cards

accepted.

Lambda Physik reserves the right to modify any information given herein.

Every effort is made to ensure utmost accuracy; however, no liability is as-

sumed for errors occurring in the tables.

Lambdachrome® is a registered trademark of Lambda Physik.

Third Edition (January 2000)

Contents

Preface to the 3rd Edition .................................................................................................. ix

Preface to the 2nd Edition ................................................................................................. xi

Preface to the First Edition ............................................................................................ xiii

Dye Lasers and Laser Dyes................................................. 1

Dye Solvents .................................................................... 9

Benzyl Alcohol ..................................................................................................................... 17

Cyclohexane .......................................................................................................................... 18

Dichloroethane ...................................................................................................................... 19

Dichloromethane .................................................................................................................. 20

Dioxane .................................................................................................................................. 21

DMSO ..................................................................................................................................... 23

Ethanol ................................................................................................................................... 24

Ethylene Glycol ..................................................................................................................... 26

Hexane .................................................................................................................................... 27

Methanol ................................................................................................................................ 28

Toluene .................................................................................................................................. 30

Laser Dyes.......................................................................32

BM-Terphenyl (LC 3300) ................................................................................................... 34

p-Terphenyl (LC 3400) ....................................................................................................... 36

TMQ (LC 3500) .................................................................................................................... 38

BMQ (LC 3570) .................................................................................................................... 40

DMQ (LC 3590) .................................................................................................................... 42

Butyl-PBD (LC 3600) .......................................................................................................... 44

PBD (LC 3640) ...................................................................................................................... 46

TMI (LC 3650) ...................................................................................................................... 48

QUI (LC 3690) ...................................................................................................................... 50

PPO (LC 3700) ...................................................................................................................... 52

PPF (LC 3720) ...................................................................................................................... 54

p-Quaterphenyl (LC 3740) ................................................................................................. 56

BBD (LC 3780) ..................................................................................................................... 58

Polyphenyl 1 (LC 3800) ...................................................................................................... 60

Polyphenyl 2 (LC 3810) ..................................................................................................... 62

BiBuQ (LC 3860) ................................................................................................................. 64

Quinolon 390 (LC 3900) ..................................................................................................... 66

TBS (LC 3930) ..................................................................................................................... 68

α-NPO (LC 3950) ................................................................................................................. 70

Furan 2 (LC 3990) ............................................................................................................... 72

PBBO (LC 4000) ................................................................................................................... 74

DPS (LC 4090) ..................................................................................................................... 76

Stilbene 1 (LC 4100) .......................................................................................................... 78

BBO (LC 4150) ..................................................................................................................... 80

Stilbene 3 (LC 4200) .......................................................................................................... 82

Carbostyryl 7 (LC 4220) ..................................................................................................... 84

POPOP (LC 4230) ................................................................................................................. 86

Coumarin 4 (LC 4240) ......................................................................................................... 88

Bis-MSB (LC 4250) ............................................................................................................. 90

Furan 1 (LC 4260) ............................................................................................................... 92

Carbostyryl 3 (LC 4350) ..................................................................................................... 94

Coumarin 120 (LC 4400) .................................................................................................... 96

Coumarin 2 (LC 4500) ......................................................................................................... 98

DASPI (LC 4650) ................................................................................................................ 100

Coumarin 466 (LC 4660) ...................................................................................................102

Coumarin 47 (LC 4700) .....................................................................................................104

Coumarin 102 (LC 4800) .................................................................................................. 106

Coumarin 152A (LC 4810) .................................................................................................108

Coumarin 152 (LC 4850) .................................................................................................. 110

Coumarin 151 (LC 4900) ...................................................................................................112

Coumarin 6H (LC 4910) .....................................................................................................114

Coumarin 307 (LC 5000) .................................................................................................. 116

Coumarin 500 (LC 5010) .................................................................................................. 118

Coumarin 314 (LC 5040) .................................................................................................. 120

Coumarin 510 (LC 5100) ...................................................................................................122

Coumarin 30 (LC 5150) .....................................................................................................124

Coumarin 334 (LC 5210) ...................................................................................................126

Coumarin 522 (LC 5220) ...................................................................................................128

DASBTI (LC 5280) ............................................................................................................. 130

Coumarin 7 (LC 5350) ........................................................................................................132

Brillantsulfaflavin (LC 5360) ...........................................................................................134

Coumarin 6 (LC 5370) ....................................................................................................... 136

Coumarin 153 (LC 5400) .................................................................................................. 138

DOCI (LC 5410) ....................................................................................................................140

Pyrromethene 546 (LC 5450) ............................................................................................142

DMETCI (LC 5460) ............................................................................................................. 144

Uranin (LC 5520) ............................................................................................................... 146

Fluorescein 27 (LC 5530) ................................................................................................. 148

Fluorol 7GA (LC 5550) ...................................................................................................... 150

Pyrromethene 556 (LC 5560) ........................................................................................... 152

Pyrromethene 567 (LC 5670) ............................................................................................154

Rhodamine 110 (LC 5700) .................................................................................................156

Rhodamine 19 (LC 5750) ...................................................................................................158

Pyrromethene 580 (LC 5805) ............................................................................................160

Rhodamine 6G (LC 5900) ...................................................................................................162

DQOCI (LC 5920) .................................................................................................................166

DCI-2 (LC 5950) ...................................................................................................................168

Pyrromethene 597 (LC 5970) ............................................................................................170

Rhodamine B (LC 6100) ....................................................................................................172

Sulforhodamine B (LC 6200) ...........................................................................................174

Malachit Green (LC 6220) .................................................................................................176

DTCI (LC 6250) ....................................................................................................................178

DQTCI (LC 6290) .................................................................................................................180

Rhodamine 101 (LC 6400) .................................................................................................182

DCM (LC 6500) ....................................................................................................................184

Pyrromethene 650 (LC 6505) ............................................................................................186

DODCI (LC 6550) .................................................................................................................188

Sulforhodamine 101 (LC 6600) ........................................................................................190

Cresyl Violet (LC 6700) ......................................................................................................192

Phenoxazone 9 (LC 6750) ..................................................................................................194

Nile Blue (LC 6900) ...........................................................................................................196

Oxazine 4 (LC 6950) ...........................................................................................................198

Rhodamine 700 (LC 7000) .................................................................................................200

Pyridine 1 (LC 7100) ..........................................................................................................202

Carbazine 122 (LC 7200) ...................................................................................................204

Oxazine 170 (LC 7210) .......................................................................................................206

Oxazine 1 (LC 7250) ...........................................................................................................208

DTDCI (LC 7260) .................................................................................................................210

Oxazine 750 (LC 7270) .......................................................................................................212

Pyridine 2 (LC 7300) ..........................................................................................................214

HIDCI (LC 7400) ...................................................................................................................216

Cryptocyanine (LC 7450) ...................................................................................................218

Styryl 6 (LC 7500) ..............................................................................................................220

Styryl 8 (LC 7550) ..............................................................................................................222

DDI (LC 7700) ......................................................................................................................224

Pyridine 4 (LC 7710) ..........................................................................................................226

Methyl-DOTCI (LC 7800) ...................................................................................................228

Styryl 11 (LC 7950) ............................................................................................................230

Rhodamine 800 (LC 8000) .................................................................................................232

Styryl 9M (LC 8400) ...........................................................................................................234

HITCI (LC 8500) ...................................................................................................................238

IR 125 (LC 8630)..................................................................................................................240

DTTCI (LC 8760) .................................................................................................................242

IR 144 (LC 8800)..................................................................................................................244

Styryl 15 (LC 8810) ............................................................................................................246

DNTTCI (LC 8850) ..............................................................................................................248

HDITCI (LC 9200) ................................................................................................................250

DDTTCI (LC 9280) ..............................................................................................................252

DDCI-4 (LC 9300) ................................................................................................................254

IR 140 (LC 9310)..................................................................................................................256

Styryl 14 (LC 9450) ............................................................................................................258

IR 132 (LC 9500)..................................................................................................................260

Styryl 20 (LC 9940) ............................................................................................................262

IR 26 (LC 1080) ....................................................................................................................264

IR 5 (LC 1090) ......................................................................................................................266

Saturable Absorbers ..........................................................................................................268

Reference List ......................................................................................................................271

Tuning Curves ............................................................... 274

Preface to the 3rd Edition

Dyes and solvents from Lambda Physik periodically change in availability and

composition. In order to ensure that researchers and users of Lambda Physik

products have the most up-to-date information possible, this 3rd Edition of

Lambdachrome® Laser Dyes is provided as an update to previous editions.

Lambda Physik reserves the right to modify any information given herein.

Every effort is made to ensure utmost accuracy; however, no liability is as-

sumed for errors occurring in the tables.

January 2000

Preface to the 2nd Edition

The second edition of Lambdachrome® Laser Dyes has been updated with

additional dyes, dye laser measurements, and evaluation of the latest literature.

In this way it should be possible for any dye laser user to get a quick overview

of the most important information regarding the use of laser dyes.

Meanwhile, the standard dye laser technique has been completed by several

solid state lasers showing very interesting features such as high operating

lifetime of the active medium and high output power in a small IR spectral

range (compared to the accessible fundamental tuning range of an excimer laser

pumped dye). However, the use of laser dyes still guarantees:

•easy tunability over a wide range of frequencies or wavelengths without the

need of changing gratings or mirrors

•hyperfine tuning

•high average power in pulsed and cw operation mode

•high peak power

•ideal light source for the generation of ultrashort pulses

February 1994

Preface to the 1st Edition

The intention of this book is to give information on the most frequently asked

questions about commercially available dyes, their chemical formulas, lasing

wavelengths, solvents, pump sources, performance, and literature references.

The following topics are discussed:

•Solvents frequently used for laser dyes and their general and physical

properties, safety precautions, and waste disposal procedures

•General considerations about the choice of a solvent for laser dyes, solvent

handling, preparation of dye solutions, and the cleaning of the dye circula-

tion system

•Precautions for the use of laser dyes and their solutions

•All Lambdachrome® laser dyes are listed, including more than one hundred

dyes along with their chemical names, chemical structures, trivial names,

and trade names

•Absorption and fluorescence data in addition to appearance

•The absorption spectrum of each dye

•The application of the dyes in a variety of solvents under the most common

pumping conditions as well as the dye laser characteristics (peak, range,

efficiency, concentration, and solvent)

•Tuning curves for excimer, nitrogen, and ion laser pumped dye lasers

•Several hundred literature references

This book is written for general users of dye lasers. Researchers of laser dyes

may refer to the mentioned publications for more detailed information.

July 1985

Dye Lasers and Laser Dyes

Dye lasers are "the fulfillment of an experimenter's pipe dream that was as

old as the laser itself: To have a laser that is easily tunable over a wide

range of frequencies or wavelengths" (Schaefer, 1977). Dye lasers can be

pumped by incoherent or laser sources, both pulsed and continuous wave

(CW), and offer the possibilities of broad wavelength control, multijoule

pulsed operation, ultranarrow linewidths, or ultrashort pulses. They are

conveniently divided into three broad technological categories:

•Continuous-wave jet-streamed dye lasers can provide narrow CW band-

widths and can be synchronously pumped or passively modelocked to

generate short pulses.

•Flashlamp-pumped dye lasers have a larger bandwidth and less wave-

length stability than CW laser-pumped dye lasers, but they have the

advantage that large volumes of active dye medium can be pumped,

yielding large output pulse energies and active powers.

•Dye lasers that are pumped by Cu vapor or nitrogen, excimer lasers, and

the frequency-doubled or -tripled output from pulsed Nd:YAG lasers

provide high peak powers. Also, the pulse duration of 4 to 60 nsec

makes narrow bandwidths and a high spectral purity possible.

Typical output characteristics from commercial dye lasers are shown in Table 1.

Continuous-Wave Dye Lasers

CW laser systems consist of three major elements: the optical resonator, the

dye flow system, and the tuning element. The resonator is responsible for

maintaining a rigid optical alignment of all cavity components. The dye

Table 1.

Commercial Dye Laser Output Characteristics

Pump Source Argon/Krypton Ion Laser FlashlampNd:YAG Excimer

CW Mode-Locked/ Laser Laser

Cavity Dumped

Tuning Range [nm] 380-950 580-880 335-850 410-880 320-1,024

Average Power [W] 5 0.1 3 2 10

Repetition Rate [Hz] CW 3.8M 2-30 10-40 1-500

Peak Power [kW] - 10 7,000 20,000

10,000

Energy/pulse [mJ] - 0.01 3,500 10-120 40-120

Pulsewidth [nsec] -0.0001 260-600 5-10 7-250

Linewidth [GHz] 0.0005 to 40 Various 2 0.6 0.15

flow system, consisting of dye, circulation pump, and dye jet nozzle, must

provide an optically flat stream of dye across the laser's optical axis. The

tuning element allows the user to continuously tune to the required output

wavelength.

Excitation in a CW dye laser is provided by an input pump beam from

another CW light source, typically an ion laser. This beam is focused onto

the dye stream and causes an extremely high level of fluorescence. The

fluorescence is focused between two highly reflective concave mirrors that

feed back the fluorescent light, initiating the lasing process.

The dye laser emission described above is broadband, typically exhibiting a

40-GHz linewidth. Many applications require narrow-linewidth single-

frequency operation. This is accomplished by inserting one or two etalons

into the dye laser cavity. A dye laser with an etalon, when coupled with

electronic stabilization, can narrow the linewidth to less than 1 MHz.

Pulsed Dye Lasers

Of the various pulsed dye lasers, two types tend to dominate because of

their versatility, broad spectral coverage and high output power. They are

Nd:YAG and excimer pumped dye lasers.

The use of Nd:YAG and excimer pump lasers allows dye laser pulses to be

produced at energy levels up to 100 mJ or more. Their performance is

wavelength-dependent. At the long wavelengths, more energy is provided by

pumping with a frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG than with an excimer

laser. However, UV-emitting excimer pumps allow dye lasers to operate

directly at UV wavelengths down to 308 nm and at repetition rates of 500

Figure 1.

Tuning Range of Dyes for Excimer-Pumped Dye Lasers

Hz. The strongest Nd:YAG lasing line is at 1064 nm, which is unsuitable to

pump dyes. Fortunately, its high peak power and near-diffraction-limited

beam quality lend themselves to rather efficient frequency doubling, tripling

and quadrupling. This provides suitable pump wavelengths of 532, 355, and

266 nm. Considerable engineering effort has gone into reducing the inten-

sity fluctuations that are amplified by the inherent nonlinear frequency-

doubling process. The tuning range can be covered by using one of these

pump wavelengths and an appropriate dye.

The Nd:YAG laser has certain advantages with respect to the efficient

pumping with certain dyes, especially when pumped longitudinally, i.e.,

collinearly to the laser beam. Rhodamine 6G, for example, can be excited

very efficiently in this manner (>50 percent). Since excellent beam quality

is achieved with the longitudinal arrangement, one also gets high conver-

sion rates with all nonlinear frequency changes (by frequency mixing, 367

nm, and by frequency doubling, 280 nm).

The discovery of rare gas halide lasers, i.e., the excimer laser, in 1976,

introduced a new and powerful tool for dye laser pumping. It combines the

advantages of the nitrogen system (high repetition rate, ease of operation,

and low cost) with those of the Nd:YAG system (high peak power and

sufficiently long pulse duration). Furthermore, the excimer laser is scalable

to very high repetition rates (>1 kHz) and high pulse energies (>1 J).

Figure 2.

Extension of Tuning Range of Pulsed Dye Lasers into UV

Excimer laser wavelengths range from 193 nm (ArF) to 351 nm (XeF). The

strongest lines are at 248 nm (KrF) and 308 nm (XeCl). Most dyes have an

absorption band at 308 nm. The result is that nearly the entire range of

commercially available dyes can be pumped with a XeCl laser (see Figure

1).

A major advantage of pulsed dye lasers over CW is the ease with which the

output can be frequency-doubled, thus extending the tuning range into the

UV. Using a combination of KDP and BBO (beta barium borate) crystals,

wavelengths from 207 to 350 nm can be produced. Further extension down

to 197 nm can be achieved by frequency mixing (see Figure 2).

Dyes

Dyes, either as solutions or vapors, are the active medium in pulsed and

CW dye lasers as well as ultrafast shutters for Q-switching and passive

modelocking. They emit in a comparatively narrow spectral region (typically

30 nm); thus a variety of dyes is necessary in order to cover the entire

(visible) spectral range (Figure 1).

Figure 3.

Schematic Energy Levels of

Dye Molecule.

The optical excitation of dyes corresponds to transitions of molecules in the

singlet state, with the absorption S0 --> S1 being the strongest (see Figure

3), and is specific for each dye molecule. For optimum pumping (S0 --> S1)

of the various dyes, one would therefore need a number of pump-laser

wavelengths.

Fortunately, nearly all dyes have additional absorption bands in the UV

range (see Figure 4). These absorptions correspond to transitions to higher

singlet states (Figure 3) from which fast internal relaxation processes lead

to the upper laser level (S1) with high quantum efficiency. This is the

reason most dyes can be pumped by a single UV laser. However, the

attractive excitation scheme of one pump laser for all dyes brings other

problems:

(a) The inner efficiency of dye lasers is lower as a result of excitation in

higher S-states because a considerable part of the excitation energy is

converted into heat (large Stokes shift). However, the high efficiency of

pulsed lasers more than compensates for this disadvantage.

Figure 4.

Absorption Bands of Rhodamine 6G

Note the small absorption cross section of UV wavelengths.

(b) A multiphoton excitation can lead to destruction of the cell and the

solvent molecules. In this process, a previously excited molecule

absorbs additional photons (sequential absorption), or a molecule

absorbs several photons at the same time. In these absorption pro-

cesses, the molecule can absorb so much energy that the binding energy

is surpassed, and the molecule dissociates, or at least changes, its

structure. This process is more probable during excitation with UV light

than with visible light. Thus, one must expect a reduced photostability

of the dye when pumping with UV light.

The photostability of the most common dyes is summarized in Table 2

(Antonov and Hohla, 1983). For example, the value of 50 Wh/l corre-

sponds to 5 x 105 total shots as the point at which the dye laser energy

falls to 50 percent of the initial value, i.e., when the dye solution (one

liter) is excited with 360 mJ per pulse at 10 Hz.

short wavelengths (Figure 4). To excite as many molecules as possible,

a very high pump power density Ip (Ip being inversely proportional to the

absorption cross section), or high dye concentrations is required. Ip is

limited to values <30 MW/cm2 due to the stability of most solvents. To

Table 2.

Photochemical Stablility of Laser Dyes

Dye Center of Excimer-pumped CW laser-pumped

Emission [nm] [Wh] [Wh]

p-Terphenyl 340 451 -

QUI 380 1457 -

Polyphenyl 1 380 870 -

Stilbene 1 410 10 200

Stilbene 3 430 14 300

Coumarin 2 450 31 100

Coumarin 47 470 45 -

Coumarin 102 480 244 100

Coumarin 30 515 -100

Rhodamine 6G 590 316 1000

Rhodamine B 610 144 200

DCM 650 348 500

Rhodamine 700 700 80 1000

Styryl 9 840 73 500

HITCI 875 12 100

IR 140 960 10 100

keep Ip as low as possible, high-power dye lasers have to be pumped

transversely.

Transverse pumping configurations have been used for some time, and in

contrast to the end-on pumped configurations, they lead to a non-Gaussian

energy distribution, for which rising spatial filters can compsensate.

There are two types of transverse-pumped dye laser cells: the longitudinal

and the transverse flowing. The transverse configuration, in which the dye

flows vertically to the dye laser, results in a high repetition rate, whereas

longitudinal flowing, in which dye flows in the direction of the dye laser, is

characterized by a symmetrical energy distribution but small repetition

rates.

References

Antonov, V. V. and K. L. Hohla. Appl. Phys. B30 (1983): 109 - 166, B32

(1983): 9 - 14

Berlman, I. B. Handbook of Fluorescence Spectra of Aromatic Molecules. 2d

ed. New York, New York, USA: Academic Press, 1971.

Birks, J. B. Photophysics of Aromatic Molecules. New York, New York,

USA: John Wiley and Sons, 1970.

Brackmann, U. Lambdachrome Laser Dyes. First edition compendium.

Goettingen, Germany: Lambda Physik GmbH, 1986.

Drexhage, K. H. "Structure and Properties of Laser Dyes." Dye Lasers. Vol.

1 Topics in Applied Physics, F. P. Schaefer, ed. (1973/1977) Springer

Verlag, Hamburg, Germany.

Jaffe, H. H. and M. Orchin. Theory and Applications of Ultraviolet Spectros-

copy. New York, New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons, 1962.

Maeda, M. Laser Dyes. Tokyo, Japan: Ohmsha Ltd./Tokyo, Japan, Or-

lando, Florida, USA, & London, UK: Academic Press, 1984.

Schaefer, F. P. Dye Lasers. 2d ed Vol. 1. Topics in Applied Physics, F. P.

Schaefer, ed. (1977) Springer Verlag, New York, New York, USA.

Steppel, R. "Organic Dye Lasers." Lasers and Masers. Vol. 1. Handbook of

Science and Technology. M. J. Wever, ed. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC

Press, 1982.

Suzuki, H. Electronic Absorption Spectra and Geometry of Organic Mol-

ecules. New York, New York, USA: 1967.

Dye Solvents

The heart of any dye laser is the laser dye. Either dissolved in an appropriate

solvent or in a vapor state, these very often highly colored substances play the

major role in the overall performance of any dye laser. Both pulsed and

continuous operation is possible. In addition, their unique photophysical

properties make them ideal candidates for the generation of ultrashort light

pulses. With mode-locking, pulses shorter than 100 femtoseconds have been

obtained. Hyperfine tuning of the output has permitted many exciting experi-

ments in spectroscopy.

Solvents for Laser Dyes

Prepared laser dye solutions usually contain very small quantities of dye.

Typical dye concentrations are 102 to 105 molar. For this reason, the solvent in

which the dye is dissolved plays an important role when defining physical

properties and potential hazards.

Lasing wavelength and energy are very sensitive to the choice of solvent. Most

laser dyes are polar molecules, and excitation into their lowest-lying singlet

state is accompanied by an increase in the dipole moment. Accordingly,

solvent polarity plays an important role in shifting the lasing wavelength. In a

majority of circumstances, increasing solvent polarity will shift the gain curve

toward longer wavelength. In the case of more polar dyes, the shift can be as

high as 20-60 nm. Table 3 gives an impression of this effect (Drexhage, 1973).

Some solvents cannot be used with longer wavelength lasing dyes because the

solvents have vibrational overtones that interfere with the lasing process.

Solvents such as water, methanol and ethanol, which would appear to be

optimal for many dyes, are often not useful solvents for near-IR and IR dyes

Table 3.

Maximum of Main Absorption Band in Different Solvents

RHODAMINE 6G COUMARIN 102

Solvent Labs [nm] SolventLabs [nm]

HFIP 514 HFIP 418

TFE 516 TFE 405

EtOH 530 MeOH 390

DPA 537 NMP 383

DMSO 540

because of the presence of hydroxyl group overtones in this spectral range.

Accordingly, the solvent DMSO or polychlorinated aromatics, which lack

hydroxyl resonances, are commonly used for dyes that lase in the near-IR and

IR regions of the spectrum. Unfortunately these solvents are toxic. DMSO

especially facilitates the transfer of toxic dyes through the skin and into the

body if accidentally spilled. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that all

laser dyes and solutions containing laser dyes are handled in well ventilated

environments. All individuals handling the solutions should wear rubber

gloves.

A summary is given below of the general and physical properties, application,

and safety of the most frequently used solvents for laser dyes. Most of this

information has been taken from the literature cited at the end of this article.

Choice of Solvent

Although very often a specific solvent is recommended for use with a particular

dye, it is important to recognize that other solvents can also be used, particu-

larly if the user is interested in shifting the gain curve to different wave-

lengths.

The following are criteria for choosing appropriate solvents for laser dyes:

a) The solvent must be transparent at the pump wavelength and the emission

wavelength of the dye laser.

b) The dye should be soluble in the solvent under consideration. In all cases,

the rule "similia similibus solvuntur" applies, meaning that the solubility of

nonpolar dyes, e.g. PTP, in nonpolar solvents, e.g. cyclohexane, is greater

than in polar solvents, e.g. methanol, and vice versa.

c) The solvent must be photochemically stable when exposed to the pump

light. In particular, solvents containing chlorine, such as chloroform, and

secondary alcohols, such as isopropanol, are not useful as solvents for laser

dyes because of their low photochemical stability.

d) Some solvents are often not useful for near-IR and IR dyes due to the

presence of hydroxyl group overtones in this spectral region (see above).

The following solvents are recommended for different pumping conditions:

a) Those appropriate for pumping with a pump source emitting below 300 nm

(e.g., KrF: 248 nm, Nd:YAG 4th harmonic: 266 nm):

•Cyclohexane

•Ethylene glycol

•Glycerol

•Trifluoroethanol

•p-Dioxane

•Ethanol

•Methanol

•Hexafluoroisopropanol

b) Solvents appropriate for pumping with a pump source emitting between 300

and 400 nm (e.g., XeCl: 308 nm, nitrogen: 337 nm, Nd:YAG 3rd harmonic:

355 nm), in addition to those listed in (a):

•N,N-Dipropylacetamide

•Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)

•N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF)

•Tetrahydrofurane

•1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP)

•Tetrahydrothiophenedioxide (sulfolane)

c) Appropriate solvents for pumping in the visible and near-IR spectral range

(e.g., Nd:YAG 2nd harmonic: 532 nm, CW-ion lasers), in addition to those

listed in (a) and (b):

•Toluene

•Chlorobenzene

•Chloroform

•Benzylalcohol

•1,2-Dichloroethane

•1,1,1-Trichloroethane

•o-Dichlorobenzene

•Dichloromethane

Purity of Solvent

The output power of dye lasers is strongly dependent on the purity of the

solvent. Impurities and additives may strongly affect upper state lifetime of

the dye or may catalyse photochemical reactions. Therefore, for best results,

only high quality solvents are to be recommended.

Very often we are asked whether it is necessary to use spectroscopic grade

solvents. Our experience is that it is NOT necessary. Commercially available

qualities of the grade "pro analysis" (p.a.) or "for synthesis" are sufficient for

dye laser applications. Some suppliers will call them HPLC.

However, bulk quantities of these solvents are very often of poor quality and

are not offered as p.a. grade. Under such circumstances, it is highly recom-

mended that the transparency of the solvent is checked in a 1 cm cuvette at the

pump wavelength of the dye laser with a simple absorption spectrometer. The

measured value should be greater than 98 percent.

Solvent Handling

With the exception of water, all solvents should be considered hazardous. In

many instances, the solvent in which the dye is dissolved plays a major role in

the hazard presented by the final solution. Some of the solvents listed above

are highly toxic, irritants, narcotics, and/or anaesthetics. These hazards must

be addressed carefully in dye handling and solution preparation.

Nearly all solvents are highly flammable. Therefore, a small fire extinguisher

should be installed near the laser in a readily accessible and unobstructed

area.

A particular fire hazard that is not commonly known occurs with nonpolar and,

hence, nonconductive solvents. If these solvents are circulated at a high speed

through plastic tubings, the pump unit acts as a van de Graff generator,

producing up to 100 kV, and sparks may pierce the tubing and ignite the

solvent. The dye selectors use grounding wires inside the plastic tubings to

eliminate these problems. However, when using such solvents, check first for

static electricity before opening the reservoir. Static electricity is present when

hair on the back of your hand or forearm is attracted to the plastic tubing. Do

not circulate dye solutions made with such solvents for more than a minute,

unless the cuvette has been placed into the crate and is grounded.

Preparation of the Dye Solution

As a rule of thumb, the dye concentration is selected to absorb 90 percent of

the pump light within 0.5 mm, or the dye solution has to have an absorbance of

OD = 2/mm for the wavelength of the pump light.

When in doubt about the concentration of the dye solution, measure the absor-

bance of the dye solution used for the oscillator in a spectrophotometer, using

either a 1 mm cuvette or, after diluting by a factor of 10, a 10 mm standard

cuvette. The cuvettes must be of fused-silica type if you measure the absor-

bance for a pump wavelength smaller than 300 nm. The absorbance of your

oscillator dye solution should be within the range of OD = 1.8 to 2.2/mm. For

an unknown dye, dissolve a known amount (a few milligrams) in a known

volume and measure the absorbance at the pump wavelength in use; the dye

concentration (in g/l) is then calculated according Beer's law:

20 g (sample)

g/l =---------------------------- x -------------------

OD (solution/10 mm) Vol (sample)

The measurements should, of course, be made against pure solvent in a cuvette

of the same pathlength in the reference beam of the spectrophotometer.

A concentration of OD = 2/mm is convenient for the oscillator solution. The

amplifier needs only 1/3 this concentration. The amplifier solution is prepared

by filling the reservoir bottle of the amplifier circulator with one part stock

solution and then adding two parts pure solvent.

To prepare the dye solution, weigh out the amount of dye and transfer it into a

500 ml (or 1 liter) glass bottle. If some are available, use brown bottles. Make

sure that the entire measure of dye is transferred to the bottle and be careful

not to spill it. Most errors occur at this step. Fill the bottle to the 500 ml (or

1 liter) mark. Adding 10 percent more or less solvent does not affect the

operation appreciably. Make the stock solution "fatter" than recommended,

since solvent can always be added directly to the reservoir of the circulators

later on. Some dyes do not dissolve instantly. Use of an ultrasonic bath is

recommended.

NOTICE:

Do not use the dye solution until it is completely translucent and no floating

dye particles are observed.

Some dyes have to be used close to their saturation level. It may take some

dyes up to 30 minutes to dissolve completely. If necessary, heat gently and

with caution.

Optimizing the Dye Solution

There is an optimum concentration for a given dye gain, i.e. for a given dye,

wavelength, and input power. This optimum concentration may vary from that

giving an optical density of OD = 2/mm. Higher concentrations will cause a

slightly red shift the tuning curves, while lower concentrations will result in a

blue shift.

Optimization of the dye concentration is accomplished by adding either pure

solvent or solution of higher concentration than that recommended in small

increments to the solution in the dye circulation system until power is at

maximum.

The concentrations for the amplifier solutions of excimer and Nd:YAG-pumped

dye lasers are about 1/3 and 1/6 of the oscillator solutions, respectively.

Cleaning the Dye Circulation System

Should it be necessary to change the dye solution, it is only necessary to rinse

three times with 100 to 200 ml of solvent. It is recommended that the dye filter

be changed. If it is not possible to change the dye selector when changing the

dye, especially when going from a longer wavelength to a shorter one, the

cuvette, the reservoir, the pump, and the tubings must be carefully cleaned and

the filter must be exchanged. The cleaning process is complete only when no

fluorescence is observed after rinsing for approximately 15 minutes. It is

advisable to use small quantities of solvent and few rinses. The rinsing

process can take many hours. Low output power on changing the dyes can

often be traced to dye residue in the pump and the tubings.

Precautions for the Use of Laser Dyes

Cautious handling of dyes and dye solutions is advised, especially because

those used in the infrared may be toxic or because solvents such as DMSO,

Methanol, Dioxane, and Benzyl Alcohol have the ability to carry their solutes

through the skin and into the body (Mosovsky, 1983; Kues, 1975).

In most cases the exact toxicity of laser dyes is not well known, but they

should, like all chemicals, be considered dangerous until proven otherwise.

The safest precaution is to use butyl rubber gloves when handling the dye

solutions and to immediately clean any skin that comes into contact with the

dye solutions or the dye itself.

Solvents should be kept away from heat, sparks, and open flames because they

are extremely flammable or combustible. They should be handled in a hood

due to their stench or potential danger if inhaled.

Lambda Physik provides, on request, a complete set of Material Safety Data

Sheets (MSDS). These data sheets give more information on laser dye toxicity,

hazards, and recommended controls. As already mentioned above, the exact

toxicity of laser dyes is not well known in most cases. Therefore, it is impor-

tant to know that the MSDS only describes general aspects of dye toxicity.

NOTICE:

The responsibility for the safe use of our Lambdachrome laser dyes

rests with the user.

Hazards

Solvents should be handled only by qualified people trained in laboratory

procedures and familiar with their potential hazards. Some solvents are highly

toxic, irritants, narcotics, and/or anaesthetics. Some form hazardous com-

pounds upon decomposition; others are highly reactive. In the following tables,

hazard warnings and literature references, such as Sax (Dangerous Properties

of Industrial Materials) and the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Sub-

stances (RTECS) are provided, so that the information about possible hazards

are available to the trained technical person using the dye, solvent, and/or dye

solution.

The absence of a warning must not be interpreted as an indication of safety. In

several cases information is not available on the possible hazards of many

compounds.

Waste Disposal Procedures

The disposal methods outlined below are intended as guides to the users of

laser dye solutions or solvents. Careful consideration must be given to the

chemical and physical properties of the substances. In addition, local laws and

regulations may preclude the use of these methods which are primarily de-

signed for quantities of one to five liters. All federal, state, and local laws

concerning health and pollution must be observed.

Definitions

Boiling point

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the

opposing pressure. Values listed in the tables refer to an opposing pressure of

760 torr unless otherwise stated.

Density

The density of a substance is defined as the mass per unit of volume.

Dielectric constant

A measure of the relative effect a solvent has on the electronic force with

which two oppositely charged plates are attracted to each other.

Flash point

The flash point is usually not considered a common physical property. It is

included because of its widespread use in classifying solvents for storage and

shipping.

Ionization potential

The work (expressed in electron volts) required to remove a given electron from

its atomic orbit and place it at rest at an infinite distance.

Melting point

The temperature at which a solid compound changes into the liquid state.

Minimum ignition temperature

The minimum temperature at which, under certain conditions, the mixture

combined with air may ignite.

Molecular weight

The sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule.

Refractive index

The the ratio of the velocity of light in a particular substance to the velocity of

light in vacuum. Values usually reported refer to the ratio of the velocity in air

to that in the substance saturated with air.

Threshold Limit Value (TLV)

The maximum permissible concentration of a chemical that is permissable for

prolonged exposure. The TLV gives a conentration of vapors to which an

average sized person can safely be exposed for 8 hours per day, 5 days per

week.

Viscosity

The coefficient of viscosity is defined as the force per unit area necessary to

maintain a unit velocity gradient between two parallel planes a unit distance

apart.

Benzyl Alcohol

Phenylcarbinol

General Properties

Colorless liquid with aromatic odor. It is only slightly soluble in water.

Physical Properties

Molecular weight: 108.14

Freezing point (°C): -15.3

Boiling point (°C): 205.45

Flash point (°C): 100

Min. ignition temp. (°C): 435

Density (g/cm3): 1.049315 1.041325 1.0376530

Refractive Index: 1.5403520 1.45383725

Viscosity (cPoise): 7.7615 4.6535

Dielectric constant: 13.1

Ionization potential (eV): 9.14

Solubility: 0.08% in water, organic solvents

Optical properties:

Wavelength (nm) 290 300 310 320 340 350 380

Transmission (%) 423 70 85 90 95 98

Application

Benzyl alcohol, due to its high viscosity, is a frequently used solvent in jet

stream dye lasers. Its dissolving capacity makes it suitable for polar dyes like

Coumarins.

Safety

RTECS # DN3150000; Sax 5, 409 · TLV:

Hazards

Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. Benzyl alcohol is a toxic solvent. It

is believed that benzyl alcohol that is present in a poorly ventilated area is the

cause of violent headaches, vertigo, nausea, and other symptoms.

Safety Precautions

In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek

medical advice. Don't smoke, eat, or drink when handling the solvent. Keep

all containers and solutions tightly closed.

WasteDisposal Procedures

Do not dispose of Benzyl Alcohol in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled,

suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should

dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental

regulations.

Cyclohexane

Hexahydrobenzene

General Properties

Colorless, water insoluble, highly flammable liquid. Sweet, aromatic odor.

Physical Properties

Molecular weight: 84.16

Freezing point (°C): 6.54

Boiling point (°C): 80.73

Flash point (°C): -18

Min. ignition temp. (°C): 260

Densitiy (g/cm3): 0.778525 0.773825

Refractive Index: 1.426220 1.423525

Viscosity (cPoise): 0.9820 0.89825

Dielectric constant: 2.023

Ionization potential (eV): 9.8

Solubility: 0.01% in water, nonpolar organic solvents

Optical properties:

Wavelength (nm) 200 210 220 230 240 250 300

Transmission (%) 515 45 75 90 98 100

Application

Suitable solvent for nonpolar laser dyes like p-Terphenyl. Its high optical

transparency in the UV allows the application in dye lasers pumped below 300

nm. The photochemical stability of Cyclohexane is poor.

Safety

RTECS # GU6300000; Sax 6, 831 · TLV: 300 ppm or 1050 mg/m3

Hazards

Highly flammable. Absorbed by inhalation. The vapor is mildly irritating to

the mucous membranes. The liquid is a fat solvent and thus irritates the skin.

Safety Precautions

Keep container in a well-ventilated place. Keep away from source of ignition.

Take precautionary measures against static dis-charges. Avoid skin contact. Do

not smoke, eat, or drink when handling the solvent. Keep all containers tightly

closed away from sparks and open flames.

Waste Disposal Procedures

Do not dispose of Cyclohexane in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled,

suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should

dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental

regulations.

Dichloroethane

Ethylene chloride · 1,2-Dichloroethane

General Properties

Dichloroethane is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with a sweet odor.

Physical Properties

Molecular weight: 98.96

Freezing point (°C): -35.7

Boiling point (°C): 83.5

Flash point (°C): 13

Min. ignition temp. (°C): 440

Density (g/cm3): 1.253120 1.245825 1.238330

Refractive Index: 1.444820 1.442125

Viscosity (cPoise): 0.88715 0.7330

Dielectric constant: 10.36

Ionization potential (eV): 11.12

Solubility: 0.81% in water, organic solvents

Optical properties:

Wavelength (nm) 225 230 240 250 260 270 300

Transmission (%) 10 30 80 95 98 98 98

Application

See Dichloromethane.

Safety

RTECS # KI0525000; Sax 6, 944 · TLV: 50 ppm or 200 mg/m3

Hazards

Highly flammable. Harmful by inhalation. One can become adapted to the odor

of Dichloroethane at low concentrations, therefore it cannot be considered as a

reliable warning. The acute and chronic effects of the solvent can be signifi-

cant.

Safety Precautions

Keep container tightly closed. Keep away from sources of ignition. Do not

smoke. Take precautionary measures against static discharges.

Waste Disposal Procedures

Do not dispose of Dichloroethane in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled,

suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should

dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental

regulations.

Dichloromethane

Methylene chloride

General Properties

Dichloromethane is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with a sweet odor.

Physical Properties

Molecular weight: 84.93

Freezing point (°C): -95.1

Boiling point (°C): 39.8

Flash point (°C): 0

Min. ignition temp. (°C): 605

Densitiy (g/cm3): 1.334815 1.316825 1.307830

Refractive Index: 1.424220 1.421225

Viscosity (cPoise): 0.44915 0.39330

Dielectric constant: 8.93

Ionization potential (eV): 11.35

Solubility: 1.3 % in water, organic solvents

Optical properties:

Wavelength (nm) 230 240 250 255 270 290 300

Transmission (%) 10 70 95 98 98 98 98

Application

Dichloromethane is used as solvent for laser dyes and saturable absorbers

absorbing in the near infrared spectral region.

Safety

RTECS # PA8050000; Sax 6, 1763 · TLV: 500 ppm or 1750 mg/m3

Hazards

Harmful by inhalation. The toxic effect of Dichloromethane is predominately

narcosis. It is mildly irritating to the skin on repeat contact if free to evapo-

rate. It is painful to the eyes but no permanent damage may be expected.

Safety Precautions

Avoid contact with skin. Do not smoke, eat, or drink when handling the

solvent.

Waste Disposal Procedures

Do not dispose of Dichloromethane in the sink. Place it in appropriately

labelled, suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts

should dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental

regulations.

Dioxane

p-Dioxane

General Properties

Colorless, volatile, and very hygroscopic liquid with slightly aromatic taste.

Physical Properties

Molecular weight: 88.11

Freezing point (°C): 11.8

Boiling point (°C): 101.32

Flash point (°C): 12

Min. ignition temp. (°C): 375

Densitiy (g/cm3): 1.033620 1.02825

Refractive Index: 1.4224120 1.4202525

Viscosity (cPoise): 1.43915 1.08730

Dielectric constant: 2.209

Ionization potential (eV): 9.13

Solubility: in water, organic solvents

Optical properties:

Wavelength (nm) 225 240 250 260 280 290 300

Transmission (%) 40 50 60 70 85 93 98

Application

Its high photochemical stability and excellent dissolving capacity makes dioxane

a versatile solvent for UV and Coumarin dyes.

Safety

RTECS # JG8225000; Sax 6, 1227 · TLV: 100 ppm, 360 mg/m3

Hazards

Highly flammable. May form explosive peroxides. Harmful by inhalation.

Painful to the eyes and irritating to the skin upon prolonged contact. It can be

absorbed through the skin in toxic amounts. Dioxane is insidious. Its vapors

have poor warning properties; they are faint and inoffensive. Concentrations in

air of 300 ppm cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. The vapors can

be inhaled in amounts that cause serious systemic injury.

Safety Precautions

Keep container in a well-ventilated place. Keep away from sources of ignition.

Take precautionary measures against static discharges. Avoid skin contact. Do

not smoke, eat, or drink when handling the solvent. Keep all containers and

solutions tightly closed.

Waste Disposal Procedures

Do not dispose of Dioxane in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled,

suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should

dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental

regulations.

DMSO

Dimethyl Sulfoxide

General Properties

Colorless, odorless, hygroscopic liquid with a slightly bitter taste. It has an

equilibrium moisture content of 10 percent with air at 20°C.

Physical Properties

Molecular weight: 78.13

Freezing point (°C): 18.54

Boiling point (°C): 189

Flash point (°C): 95

Min. ignition temp. (°C): 383

Density (g/cm3): 1.095825 1.081640 1.061660

Refractive Index: 1.478320 1.477325

Viscosity (cPoise): 1.99625 1.65435

Dielectric constant: 46.68

Ionization potential (eV):

Solubility: 25.3 % in water, organic solvents

Optical properties:

Wavelength (nm) 263 270 280 290 300 310 340

Transmission (%) 10 34 60 71 85 90 98

Application

DMSO is an excellent solvent for polar dyes like Rhodamines.

Safety

RTECS # PV6210000; Sax 6, 1201 · TLV:

Hazards

DMSO dehydrates and defats the skin, but seems to be relatively free from

toxic effects. Its vapor, mixed with air, may explode above 90° C.

Safety Precautions

Dimethyl sulfoxide may produce eye, skin, and respiratory irritations. The

solvent penetrates the skin and that toxic solutes are carried with it into the

body fluid. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

Waste Disposal Procedures

Avoid mixing contaminated solvents because several substances have been

reported to have produced an explosion when mixed with dimethyl sulfoxide.

Do not dispose of DMSO in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled, suitable

containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should dispose of

accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental regulations.

Ethanol

Ethyl Alcohol

General Properties

Colorless liquid which may be obtained as the water azeotrop containing about

5 percent water or as absolute alcohol containing 0.1 percent or less water.

Physical Properties

Molecular weight: 46.07

Freezing point (°C): -114.1

Boiling point (°C): 78.3

Flash point (°C): 12

Min. ignition temp. (°C): 425

Density (g/cm3): 0.793615 0.789420 0.78525

Refractive Index: 1.361420 1.359425

Viscosity (cPoise): 1.07825 0.99135

Dielectric constant: 24.55

Ionization potential (eV): 10.49

Solubility: water, organic solvents

Optical properties :

Wavelength (nm) 200 210 220 230 240 250 270

Transmission (%) 535 55 72 85 90 98

Application

Ethanol is the most frequently used solvent for laser dyes. As it is highly

polar, its application is restricted to polar dyes such as the Rhodamines.

Safety

RTECS # KQ6300000; Sax 6, 1316 · TLV: 1000 ppm or 1900 mg/m3

Hazards Highly flammable. It is practically impossible to produce any toxic

effects by inhalation of pure ethanol vapors under usual lab conditions. The

minimum identifiable odor is about 530 ppm. Concentrations of 6,000-9,000

ppm have an intense odor that may be practically intolerable at first, but one

becomes acclimated soon. Concentrations of about 1,000 ppm cause slight

irritation of mucous membranes and other symptoms.

Safety Precautions

Keep container tightly closed. Keep away from sources of ignition. Do not

smoke. Limit the quantity stored to foreseeable short-term requirements; large

quantities should not be allowed to accumulate in the laboratory. If spillage of

solvent or accidental release occurs, ventilate the whole laboratory as soon as

possible.

Waste Disposal Procedures

Do not dispose of Ethanol in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled,

suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should

dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental

regulations.

Ethylene Glycol

1,2-Ethanediol

General Properties

Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless liquid with a bittersweet taste. It is

very hygroscopic.

Physical Properties

Molecular weight: 62.07

Freezing point (°C): -13

Boiling point (°C): 197.3

Flash point (°C): 110

Min. ignition temp. (°C): 410

Density (g/cm3): 1.113520 1.1125 1.106630

Refractive Index: 1.431820 1.430625

Viscosity (cPoise): 26.0915 13.5530

Dielectric constant: 37.7

Ionization potential (eV): 10.49

Solubility: water, alcohols

Optical properties:

Wavelength (nm) 210 220 230 240 250 260 280

Transmission (%) 20 35 40 60 75 90 98

Application

Ethylene glycol, due to its high viscosity, is a frequently used solvent in jet

stream dye lasers. Its dissolving capacity makes it suitable for polar dyes like

Coumarins, Rhodamines, and Cyanines.

Safety

RTECS # KW2975000; Sax 6, 1343 · TLV: 100 ppm or 274 mg/m3

Hazards

Harmful if swallowed. Ethylene glycol has a low vapor pressure at normal

temperature. It presents negligible hazards to health except, possibly, when

being used at elevated temperature. It has a low, acute oral toxicity. There

does not appear to be any significant irritation from skin contact.

Safety Precautions

Avoid skin contact. Store in closed container away from heat, sparks and open

flame.

Waste Disposal Procedures

Place Ethylene Glycol in appropriately labelled, suitable containers. Only

trained and licensed waste disposal experts should dispose of accumulated

waste material in accordance with governmental regulations.

Hexane

n-Hexane

General Properties

Hexane is a colorless, water-insoluble, and highly flammable liquid.

Physical Properties

Molecular weight: 86.18

Freezing point (°C): -95.4

Boiling point (°C): 68.74

Flash point (°C): -26

Min. ignition temp. (°C): 240

Density (g/cm3): 0.659420 0.654825

Refractive Index: 0.374920 1.372325

Viscosity (cPoise): 0.312620 0.298525

Dielectric constant: 1.8799

Ionization potential (eV): 10.18

Solubility: 0.00095 % in water, nonpolar organic solvents

Optical properties:

Wavelength (nm) 190 200 210 220 230 240 250

Transmission (%) 10 30 60 80 94 98 98

Application

Suitable solvent for nonpolar laser dyes. Its high optical transparency in the

UV range allows the application in dye lasers pumped below 300 nm.

Safety

RTECS # MN9275000; Sax 6, 1523· TLV: 500 ppm or 1800 mg/m3

Hazards

Highly flammable. Harmful by inhalation and in contact with the skin. Possible

risk of irreversible effects. Hexane is a fat solvent and thus irritates the skin.

Safety Precautions

Keep container in a well-ventilated place. Keep away from source of ignition.

Do not inhale gas/fumes/vapor/spray. Avoid skin contact. Do not smoke, eat,

or drink when handling the solvent. Keep all containers tightly closed away

from sparks and open flames.

Waste Disposal Procedures

Do not dispose of Hexane in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled,

suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should

dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental

regulations.

Methanol

Methyl Alcohol

General Properties

Methanol is a colorless hygroscopic liquid usually containing 0.01 - 0.04 percent

water. It is highly inflammable and toxic.

Physical Properties

Molecular weight: 32.04

Freezing point (°C): -97.7

Boiling point (°C): 64.7

Flash point (°C): 11

Min. ignition temp. (°C): 455

Densitiy (g/cm3): 0.796115 0.791320 0.786625

Refractive Index: 1.328420 1.326525

Viscosity (cPoise): 0.550625 0.544535

Dielectric constant: 32.7

Ionization potential (eV): 10.84

Solubility: water, organic solvents

Optical properties:

Wavelength (nm) 200 210 220 230 240 250 260

Transmission (%) 220 50 75 85 95 98

Application

Methanol is a polar, protic solvent frequently used to dissolve laser dyes like

Coumarins, Rhodamines, and Cyanines. Its excellent optical transparency makes

it the ideal solvent for UV-pumped dye lasers.

Safety

RTECS # PC1400000; Sax 6, 1764 · TLV: 200 ppm or 260 mg/m3

Hazards

Highly flammable. Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. Methanol does not

have suitable warning or irritating properties except at high concentrations.

Ingestion of methanol can cause blindness and death.

Safety Precautions

Keep container tightly closed. Keep away from sources of ignition. Do not

smoke. Avoid contact with skin. Methanol vapor/air mixtures may produce

explosible mixtures. Keep containers tightly closed. If spillage of solvent or

accidental release occurs, ventilate the whole laboratory as soon as possible.

Waste Disposal Procedures

Do not dispose of Methanol in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled,

suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should

dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental

regulations.

Toluene

Methylbenzene

General Properties

Colorless, water-insoluble, and highly flammable liquid with aromatic odor.

Physical Properties

Molecular weight: 92.14

Freezing point (°C): -95

Boiling point (°C): 110.6

Flash point (°C): 7

Min. ignition temp. (°C): 535

Density (g/cm3): 0.86725 0.862325 0.857730

Refractive Index: 1.496920 1.494125

Viscosity (cPoise): 0.586620 0.551625

Dielectric constant: 2.379

Ionization potential (eV): 8.82

Solubility: 0.0515 % in water, nonpolar organic solvents

Optical properties:

Wavelength (nm) 285 290 300 310 320 340 350

Transmission (%) 10 50 80 89 93 95 98

Application

Toluene is a suitable solvent for nonpolar laser dyes like p-Terphenyl. Its low

optical transparency in the UV range restricts the application on dye lasers

pumped above 320 nm.

Safety

RTECS # XS5250000; Sax 6, 2588 · TLV:200 ppm or 7500 mg/m3

Hazards

Highly flammable. Harmful by inhalation. Exposure of humans to Toluene vapor

produces mild fatigue, weakness, confusion, and paresthesia of the skin.

Toluene is most dangerous by inhalation. It is irritating to the skin, and contact

should be avoided when possible.

Safety Precautions

Keep away from source of ignition. Do not smoke. Take precautionary mea-

sures against static discharges.

Waste Disposal Procedures

Do not dispose of Toluene in the sink. Place it in appropriately labelled,

suitable containers. Only trained and licensed waste disposal experts should

dispose of accumulated waste material in accordance with governmental

regulations.

References

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 62d ed. Robert C. Weast, ed. Chemical

Rubber Co., 1982.

Drexhage, K. H. Laser Focus, 1973: 73.

Jaffe, H. H. and M. Orchin. Theory and Applications of Ultraviolet Spectroscopy.

New York, New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons, 1962.Kues, H. A. and G. Z.

Lutty. Laser Focus, 1975: 5: 59.

Kuhn and Birett. Merkblaetter Gefaehrliche Arbeitsstoffe. Munich, Germany:

Verlag Moderne Industrie, 1983.

Loesungsmittel und Substanzen fuer die Spektroskopie UVASOLE. E. Merck, ed.

Darmstadt, Germany.

Mosovsky, J. A. "Laser Dye Toxicity, Hazards and Recommended Controls."

American Industrial Hygiene Conference. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,

1983.

Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. Richard J. Lewis and Rodger

L. Tatken, ed. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1979.

Riddick, John A. and William B. Bunger. "Organic Solvents." Techniques of

Chemistry,Vol. 3, 1970. New York, New York, USA: Wiley-Interscience.

Roth and Daunderer. Giftliste. Munich, Germany: Ecomed Verlag, 1983.

Sax, N. I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. New York, New York,

USA: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1975.

Schneider, R. L. "Physical Properties of Some Organic Solvents." Eastman

Organic Chemical Bulletin. Vol. 47, No. 1, 1975.

Laser Dyes

Properties, Application, and Absorption Spectra

The output power of dye lasers depends on the quality of the dye used. To

overcome reduced quantum efficiency and instability due to impurities,

Lambdachrome® laser dyes are synthesized and examined by experienced

chemists for their chemical and spectral properties. Finally, they are purified

by specially developed techniques.

The composition of all dyes is guaranteed with spectrophotometric and chro-

matographic analysis. Wavelength ranges are given in the following tables to

provide assistance in choosing the correct dye for a given application. The

ranges were measured by Lambda Physik, taken from Coherent CW Dye Laser

Fact Sheets, or taken from the pertinent literature. The exact spectral range

depends on the solvent and the concentration as well as on the method of

pumping.

Lambda Physik reserves the right to modify any information given herein.

Every effort is made to ensure utmost accuracy; however, no liability is as-

sumed for errors occurring in the tables.

Abbreviations Used

MW Molecular Weight

CAS Chemical Abstracts Service

Effic. Efficiency, defined as the ratio of optical input to output

Conc. Concentration of dye, given in grams per liter solvent

Ref. Reference

Cyclohex. Cyclohexane

DCE 1,2-Dichloroethane

DMF Dimethylformamide

EtOH Ethanol

MeOH Methanol

Eg Ethyleneglycol

Bz Benzylalcohol

DMSO Dimethylsulfoxide

Pc Propylenecarbonate

Tol Toluene

BEER's Law

Within the absorption spectra, the intensity is expressed as a molar decadic

extinction coefficient, ε. The amount of light absorbed depends on the extinc-

tion coefficient and the number of molecules in the light path. The latter

amount depends on the concentration of the dye in solution and the path length

of the absorption cell. The amount of light that passes through a solution

(transmittance) is given by BEER's law:

log Io/I = εε · c · d

where Io is the intensity of the light before it encounters the cell, I is the

intensity of the light emerging from the cell, c is the concentration in moles

per liter, and d is the path length in centimeters.

The absorption cross-section σσ can be determined from the extinction coeffi-

cient εε by:

σσ = 0.385 · 10-20 εε.

Here σσ is given in cm2 (εε measured in liter/(mole · cm)).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

BM-Terphenyl

LC 3300

C20H18 258.36

Solvent: Cylohexane

220

200

240

260

280

300

BM-Terphenyl

BM-Terphenyl (LC 3300)

Constitution

2,2''-Dimethyl-p-terphenyl

DMT

C20H18 · MW: 258.36

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3300

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in cyclohexane): 251 nm

Molar absorptivity: 1.98 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in cyclohexane): 335 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Shortest tunable laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 336 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

KrF-Excimer 248 334 312 - 343 40.50 Cyclohex 1, 2, 3

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. W. Zapka, U. Brackmann Appl. Phys. 20, 283 (1979).

3. F.-G. Zhang, F. P. Schäfer Appl. Phys. B26, 211 (1981).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

p-Terphenyl

220

240

260

280

300

320

p-Terphenyl

LC 3400

C18H14 230.31

Solvent: Dioxane

p-Terphenyl (LC 3400)

Constitution

PTP

C18H14 · MW: 230.31

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3400

CAS registry number: 92-94-4

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in cyclohexane): 275 nm

Molar absorptivity: 3.21 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in cyclohexane): 339 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 340 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

KrF-Excimer 248 339 322 - 365 14 0.02 Cyclohex 1

XeCl-Excimer 308 343 332 - 360 80.24 Dioxane 2, 3

Nd:YAG, 4th 266 340 -50.23 Cyclohex. 4, 5

References

1. H. Bücher, W. Chow, Appl. Phys. 13, 267 (1977).

2. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

3. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981).

4. G. A. Abakumov et al., Opto-Electron. 1, 205 (1969).

5. D. Huppert, P. M. Rentzepis, J. Appl. Phys. 49(2), 543 (1978).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

220

260

280

300

240

200

TMQ

LC 3500

C28H26 362.51

Solvent: Cylohexane

TMQ

TMQ (LC 3500)

Constitution

3,3',2'',3'''-Tetramethyl-p-quaterphenyl

C28H26 · MW: 362,51

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3500

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in cyclohexane): 266 nm

Molar absorptivity: 3.99 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 350 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG, 4th 266 350 338 - 361 1.2 0.72 Cyclohex 1

References

1. L. D. Ziegler, B. S. Hudson, Opt. Commun. 32(1), 119 (1980).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

BMQ

LC 3570

C26H22 334.46

Solvent: Cylohexane

BMQ

BMQ (LC 3570)

Constitution

2,2'''-Dimethyl-p-quaterphenyl

C26H22 - MW: 334.46

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3570

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in cyclohexane): 275 nm

Molar absorptivity: 3.35 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 357 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 357 335 - 375 90.60 Dioxane 1

References

1. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

DMQ

LC 3590

C29H28 376.54

Solvent: Cylohexane

DMQ

DMQ (LC 3590)

Constitution

2-Methyl-5-t-butyl-p-quaterphenyl

C29H28 · MW: 376.54

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3590

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in cyclohexane): 285 nm

Molar absorptivity: 3.86 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 360 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 360 346 - 377 90.23 Dioxane 1, 2

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996

2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

Butyl-PBD

LC 3600

C24H22N2O 354.45

Solvent: Dioxane

Butyl-PBD

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

Butyl-PBD (LC 3600)

Constitution

2-(4-Biphenylyl)-5-(4-t-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol

BPBD-365

C24H22N2O · MW: 354.45

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3600

CAS registry number: 15082-28-7

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 302 nm

Molar absorptivity: 4.35 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in cyclohexane): 368 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 360 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 363 356 - 385 50.30 Dioxane 1, 2, 3

Nitrogen 337 362 356 - 390 rel. 1.60 Dioxane 3, 4

Nd:YAG, 4th 266 362 354-388 4.7 1.75 Cyclohex. 5

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981).

3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

5. L. D. Ziegler, B. S. Hudson, Opti. Commun. 32(1), 119 (1980).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

PBD

LC 3640

C20H14N2O 298.34

Solvent: Dioxane

240

220

260

280

300

320

340

PBD

PBD (LC 3640)

Constitution

2-(4-Biphenylyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol

C20H14N2O · MW: 298.34

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3640

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 302 nm

Molar absorptivity: 3.90 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in toluene): 360 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 360 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 363 355 - 390 40.11 Cyclohex. 1

Nitrogen 337 362 357 - 390 rel. 1.20 Dioxane 2

Flashlamp -362 - - 0.08 Ethanol 3, 4

References

1. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981).

2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

3. H. W. Furumoto, H. L. Ceccon, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-6, 262 (1970).

4. T. Morrow, H. T. W. Price, Opt. Commun. 10(2), 133 (1974).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

260

240

280

300

320

340

TMI

LC 3650

C34H30 438.61

Solvent: Dioxane

TMI (LC 3650)

Constitution

2,5,2'''',5''''-Tetramethyl-p-quinquephenyl

C34H30 · MW: 438.61

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3650

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 295 nm

Molar absorptivity: 4.86 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 370 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 372 355 - 395 11 0.18 Dioxane 1, 2

References

1. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

QUI

LC 3690

C46H54 606.93

Solvent: Dioxane

QUI (LC 3690)

Constitution

3,5,3'''',5''''-Tetra-t-butyl-p-quinquephenyl

C46H54 · MW: 606.93

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3690

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 310 nm

Molar absorptivity: 6.00 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 390 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 390 368 - 402 11 0.20 Dioxane 1, 2

Nitrogen 337 387 372-412 rel. 0.52 Dioxane 3

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).

3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

300

340

320

280

260

240

PPO

LC 3700

C15H11NO 221.26

Solvent: Ethanol

PPO (LC 3700)

Constitution

2,5-Diphenyloxazol

C15H11NO · MW: 221.26

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3700

CAS registry number: 92-71-7

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 303 nm

Molar absorptivity: 2.80 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 365 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 380 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 377 -2.3 0.22 Methanol 1, 2

Nitrogen 337 375 -rel. 0.39 Dioxane 1

Nd:YAG, 4th 266 375 368-382 1.6 1.10 Cylohex. 3

Flashlamp -381 - - 1.54 Dioxane 4

References

1. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

2. O. Uchino et al., Appl. Phys. 19, 35 (1979).

3. L. D. Ziegler, B. S. Hudson, Opt. Commun. 32(1), 119 (1980).

4. H. W. Furumoto, H. L. Ceccon, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-6, 262 (1970).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

300

320

340

360

220

240

260

280

PPF

LC 3720

C16H12O 220.27

Solvent: Ethanol

PPF

PPF (LC 3720)

Constitution

2,5-Diphenylfuran

C16H12O · MW: 220.27

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3720

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 324 nm

Molar absorptivity: 3.78 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 368 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 370 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nitrogen 337 373 369 - 379 11 0.44 Dioxane 1,2

References

1. H. P. Broida, S. C. Haydon, Appl. Phys. Letters 16(3), 142 (1970).

2. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13(5), 827 (1974).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

p-Quaterphenyl

LC 3740

C24H18 306.41

Solvent: Dioxane

340

320

300

280

260

240

220

p-Quaterphenyl (LC 3740)

Constitution

PQP

C24H18 · MW: 306.41

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3740

CAS registry number: 135-70-6

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 297 nm

Molar absorptivity: 4.28 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in toluene): 374 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 370 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 371 -20 0.09 Dioxane 1

Nitrogen 337 370 362 - 390 11 sat. DMF 2, 3

Flashlamp -372 - - 0.08 DMF 4

References

1. P. Cassard et al., Opt. Commun. 38(2), 131 (1981).

2. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13(5), 827 (1974).

3. J. A. Myer, I. Itzkan, E. Kierstead, Nature 225, 544 (1970).

4. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

BBD

LC 3780

C26H18N2O 374.44

Solvent: Dioxane

BBD (LC 3780)

Constitution

2,5-Bis-(4-biphenylyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol

C26H18N2O · MW: 374.44

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3780

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 314 nm

Molar absorptivity: 5.30 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in dioxane): 373 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 380 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 378 368 - 399 14 0.37 Dioxane 1, 2

Nitrogen 337 375 372 - 405 19 0.74 Dioxane 2, 3

Flashlamp -377 - - 0.74 Dioxane 4

References

1. P. Cassard et al., Opt. Commun. 38(2), 131 (1981).

2. O. Uchino et al., Appl. Phys. 19, 35 (1979).

3. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13(5), 827 (1974).

4. M. Maeda et al., IEEE J. Quant. Elec tron. QE-13, 65 (1977).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

Polyphenyl 1

LC 3800

C24H16O6S2Na2510.49

Solvent: Water

Polyphenyl 1 (LC 3800)

Constitution

p-Quaterphenyl-4,4'''-disulfonicacid Disodiumsalt

C24H16O6S2Na2 · MW: 510.49

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3800

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in water): 308 nm

Molar absorptivity: 5.19 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 380 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 381 363 - 408 12 0.20 Eg 1, 2, 3

Nitrogen 337 380 362 - 411 rel. 0.36 Eg 3

CW, Ar+UV 382 362 - 412 -1.25 Eg 3

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981).

3. W. Hüffer et al., Opt. Commun. 33(1), 85 (1980).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

Polyphenyl 2

LC 3810

C24H16O6S2NK2542.71

Solvent: Water

Polyphenyl 2 (LC 3810)

Constitution

p-Quaterphenyl-4,4'''-disulfonicacid Dipotassiumsalt

C24H16O6S2NK2 · MW: 542.71

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3810

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in water): 308 nm

Molar absorptivity: 5.19 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 390 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 382 363 - 400 10 0.25 Eg 1

CW, Ar+UV 384 370 - 406 -2.0 Eg 1

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

BiBuQ

LC 3860

C48H66O2675.05

Solvent: Dioxane

BiBuQ (LC 3860)

Constitution

4,4'''-Bis-(2-butyloctyloxy)-p-quaterphenyl

BBQ • Pilot 386

C48H66O2 · MW: 675.05

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3860

CAS registry number: 18434-08-7

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 313 nm

Molar absorptivity: 5.45 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 390 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 388 367 - 405 11 0.25 Dioxane 1, 2, 3

Nitrogen 337 383 364 - 405 rel. 0.41 Dioxane 3, 4

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 392 380 - 410 -1.34 EtOH/Tol 5

Flashlamp - - 389 - 395 - - DMF 6

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981).

3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

5. K. Azuma et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 18(1), 209 (1979).

6. P. R. Hammond et al., Appl. Phys. 9, 67 (1976).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

220

200

Quinolon 390

LC 3900

C12H15N3O2233.27

Solvent: Ethanol

Quinolon 390 (LC 3900)

Constitution

7-Dimethylamino-1-methyl-4-methoxy-8-azaquinolone-2

C12H15N3O2 · MW: 233.27

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3900

CAS registry number: 119883-58-8

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 355 nm

Molar absorptivity: 2.52 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 390 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 390 384 - 394 40.25 Methanol 1

Flashlamp -390 - - 1.15 Ethanol 2

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. P. R. Hammond et al., Appl. Phys. 8, 315 (1975).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

TBS

LC 3930

C52H58 683.03

Solvent: Dioxane

300

220

240

260

280

320

340

360

380

TBS (LC 3930)

Constitution

3,5,3''''',5'''''-Tetra-t-butyl-p-sexiphenyl

C52H58 · MW: 683.03

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3930

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 320 nm

Molar absorptivity: 7.49 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Very stable and efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 390 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 393 365 - 410 11 0.16 Cyclohex 1

References

1. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

-NPO

α-NPO

LC 3950

C19H13NO 271.32

Solvent: Dioxane

-NPO (LC 3950)

Constitution

2-(1-Naphthyl)-5-phenyloxazol

C19H13NO · MW: 271.32

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3950

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 333 nm

Molar absorptivity: 2.15 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in dioxane): 396 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 400 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 393 387 - 400 60.32 Cyclohex. 1

Nitrogen 337 400 391 - 425 rel. 0.67 Dioxane 2, 3

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 400 -6.5 1.00 Toluene 4

Flashlamp -400 - - 0.07 Ethanol 5

References

1. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

3. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975).

4. G. A. Abakumov et al. JETP Letters 9, 9 (1969).

5. H. W. Furumoto et al. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-6(5), 262 (1970).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

300

Furan 2

200

220

240

260

280

320

340

360

380

Furan 2

LC 3990

C25H13NO13S4K4819

Solvent: Water

Furan 2 (LC 3990)

Constitution

2-(4-Biphenylyl)-6-phenylbenzoxazotetrasulfonicacid Potassium Salt

C25H13NO13S4K4 · MW: 819

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 3990

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: light yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in water): 330 nm

Molar absorptivity: 7.79 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in dioxane): 396 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 400 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 399 388 - 426 80.50 Methanol 1

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 402 392 - 422 15 0.5 Methanol 1

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

240

220

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

PBBO

LC 4000

C25H17NO 347.42

Solvent: Dioxane

PBBO (LC 4000)

Constitution

2-(4-Biphenylyl)-6-phenylbenzoxazol-1,3

C25H17NO · MW: 347.42

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4000

CAS registry number: 17064-47-0

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 327 nm

Molar absorptivity: 4.89 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 403 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 400 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 396 386 - 420 70.40 Dioxane 1, 2

Nitrogen 337 395 385 - 420 rel. 0.15 Dioxane 2, 3

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

280

300

320

340

360

380

DPS

LC 4090

C16H20 332.44

Solvent: Dioxane

260

DPS (LC 4090)

Constitution

4,4'-Diphenylstilbene

Pilot 409

C16H20 · MW: 332.44

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4090

CAS registry number: 26569-48-2

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 340 nm

Molar absorptivity: 5.65 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 400 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 406 399 - 415 11 0.25 Dioxane 1, 2

Nitrogen 337 404 394 - 416 rel. 0.12 Dioxane 3, 4

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 408 - --Tol. 5

Flashlamp -409 406 - 411 -sat. DMF 6, 7

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981).

3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

4. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975).

5. V. D. Kotzubanov et al., Opt. Spectrosc. 25, 406 (1968).

6. P. R. Hammond et al., Appl. Phys. 9, 67 (1976).

7. H. W. Furumoto et al., IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-6, 262 (1970).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

Stilbene 1

LC 4100

C26H18O6S2K2568.74

Solvent: Ethylene Glycol

Stilbene 1 (LC 4100)

Constitution

[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4-sulfonic acid, 4',4''-1,2-ethene-diylbis-, dipotassium salt

C26H18O6S2K2 · MW: 568.74

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4100

CAS registry number: 74758-59-1

Appearance: slightly yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in Eg.): 350 nm

Molar absorptivity: 4.55 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 415 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 416 405 - 428 60.50 Eg. 1, 2, 3

Nitrogen 337 417 405 - 446 rel. 0.20 Eg. 4

CW, Ar+UV 415 403 - 428 -0.75 Eg. 1, 4, 5, 6

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981).

3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

5. T. F. Johnston, R. H. Brady, W. Proffitt, Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307 (1982).

6. W. Hüffer et al., Opt. Commun. 28(3), 353 (1979).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

BBO

LC 4150

C27H19NO 374.45

Solvent: Dioxane

BBO (LC 4150)

Constitution

2,5-Bis-(4-biphenylyl)-oxazol

C27H19NO · MW: 374.45

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4150

CAS registry number: 2083-09-2

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in dioxane): 340 nm

Molar absorptivity: 4.76 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in toluene): 412 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 410 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nitrogen 337 408 401 - 419 14 0.74 Dioxane 1, 2

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 409 -80.96 Tol. 3

Flashlamp -410 - - 0.37 Dioxane 4, 5

References

1. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13(5), 827 (1974).

2. H. P. Broida, S. C. Haydon, Appl. Phys. Letters 16(3), 142 (1970).

3. G. A. Abakumov et al., JETP Letters 9, 9 (1969).

4. H. W. Furumoto et al., IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-6(5), 262 (1970).

5. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

400

380

Stilbene 3

LC 4200

C28H20O6S2 · 2 Na 562.56

Solvent: Ethanol

Stilbene 3 (LC 4200)

Constitution

2,2'-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-diyldi-2,1-ethenediyl)-bis-benzenesulfonic acid

Disodium Salt

Stilbene 420

C28H20O6S2 · 2 Na · MW: 562.56

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4200

CAS registry number: 27344-41-8

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in Ethanol.): 350 nm

Molar absorptivity: 5.89 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 425 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 425 412 - 443 90.65 Methanol 1, 2, 3

Nitrogen 337 424 408 - 457 rel. 0.22 Methanol 3, 4

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 428 415 - 439 15 0.25 Methanol 1, 5

CW, Ar+UV 435 410 - 485 -1.0 Eg. 1, 4, 6, 7

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981).

3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

5. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1979).

6. T. F. Johnston, R. H. Brady, W. Proffitt, Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307 (1982).

7. J. Kuhl et al., Opt. Commun. 24(3), 251 (1978).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

Carbostyryl 7

LC 4220

C10H10N2O 174.20

Solvent: Ethanol

Carbostyryl 7 (LC 4220)

Constitution

7-Amino-4-methylcarbostyryl

Carbostyryl 124

C10H10N2O · MW: 174.20

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4220

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: white, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 350 nm

Molar absorptivity: 1.46 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 400 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 410 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp -413 408 - 420 - - Ethanol 1, 3

References

1. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

2. R. Srinivasan, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-5, 552 (1969).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

POPOP

LC 4230

C24H16N2O2364.40

Solvent: Ethanol

POPOP (LC 4230)

Constitution

1,4-Di[2-(5-phenyloxazolyl)]benzene

Pilot 423

C24H16N2O2 · MW: 364.40

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4230

CAS registry number: 1806-34-4

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 358 nm

Molar absorptivity: 4.43 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 425 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 420 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 421 411 - 446 6.5 0.42 Dioxane 1

Nitrogen 337 421 412 - 454 rel. 0.39 EtOH/Tol. 1,2

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 417 - --Tol. 3

Flashlamp -419 - - 0.12 Ethanol 4, 5

References

1. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

2. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975).

3. V. D. Kotzubanov et al., Opt. Spectrosc. 25, 406 (1968).

4. H. W. Furumoto, H. L. Ceccon, J Appl Phys. 40, 4204 (1969).

5. P. R. Hammond et al., Appl. Phys. 9, 67 (1976).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

Coumarin 4

LC 4240

C10H8O3176.17

Solvent: basic Ethanol

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

Coumarin 4 (LC 4240)

Constitution

7-Hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin

Umbelliferon 47

C10H8O3 · MW: 176.17

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4240

CAS registry number: 90-33-5

Appearance: colorless, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in bas. ethanol): 372 nm

Molar absorptivity: 2.10 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 445 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 450 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nitrogen 337 -370 - 580 -various 1,2, 3

Flashlamp -454 - - 0.51 Ethanol 4, 5

CW, Ar+UV 460 460 - 560 -0.51 Eg. 6

References

1. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975).

2. C. V. Shank et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 16(10), 405 (1970).

3. A. Dienes et al., IEEE J. Quant. Electr. QE-9, 833 (1973).

4. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

5. B. B. Snavely et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 11(9), 275 (1967).

6. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

Bis-MSB

LC 4250

C24H22 310.44

Solvent: Cyclohexane

Bis-MSB (LC 4250)

Constitution

p-Bis(o-methylstyryl)-benzene

C24H22 · MW: 310.44

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4250

CAS registry number: 13280-61-0

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in cyclohexane): 350 nm

Molar absorptivity: 4.88 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 418 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 400 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 423 414 - 428 8.3 0.24 Dioxane 1

Nitrogen 337 421 412 - 435 rel. 0.14 Dioxane 2, 3

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 - - - 1.08 Dioxane 4

Flashlamp -420 - - 0.12 Toluene 5

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83.

2. O. Uchino et al., Appl. Phys. 19, 35 (1979).

3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

4. A. J. Cox et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 31(6), 389 (1977).

5. H. W. Furumoto et al. J. Appl. Phys. 40, 4204 (1969).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

Furan 1

LC 4260

C28H18NO14S4710.71

Solvent: Water

Furan 1 (LC 4260)

Constitution

Benzofuran,2,2'-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl-bis-tetrasulfonic acid (tetrasodium salt)

C28H18NO14S4 · MW: 710.71

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4260

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: colorless, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in water): 355 nm

Molar absorptivity: 5.51 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 420 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 421 410 - 435 10 0.60 Methanol 1

Nitrogen 337 425 414 - 445 3.5 1.35 Methanol 1

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 421 410 - 435 10 0.26 Methanol 2

References

1. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

2. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

Carbostyryl 3

LC 4350

C12H14N2O 202.26

Solvent: Ethanol

Carbostyryl 3 (LC 4350)

Constitution

7-Dimethylamino-4-methylquinolon-2

C12H14N2O · MW: 202.26

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4350

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: colorless, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 360 nm

Molar absorptivity: 2.03 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 425 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 440 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp -430 420 - 440 poor 0.04 Methanol 1, 2

CW, Ar+UV 440 415 - 490 30.6 Eg. 3

References

1. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

2. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974).

3. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

2.5

1.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

Coumarin 120

LC 4400

C10H9NO2175.19

Solvent: Ethanol

Coumarin 120 (LC 4400)

Constitution

7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin

Coumarin 440

C10H9NO2 · MW: 175.19

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4400

CAS registry number: 26093-31-2

Appearance: slightly yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 354 nm

Molar absorptivity: 1.81 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 435 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 440 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 441 423 - 462 15 0.82 Methanol 1,2

Nitrogen 337 438 418 - 465 rel. 0.25 Methanol 2, 3

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 440 420 - 470 16 0.25 Methanol 1, 4

Flashlamp -440 420 - 470 -0.04 Methanol 5

CW, Ar+UV 450 425 - 475 -0.52 Eg. 6

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

4. K. Kato, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 373 (1975).

5. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974).

6. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974).

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

1.5

2.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

Coumarin 2

LC 4500

C13H15NO2217.27

Solvent: Ethanol

Coumarin 2 (LC 4500)

Constitution

7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin

Coumarin 450

C13H15NO2 · MW: 217.27

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4500

CAS registry number: 26078-25-1

Appearance: slightly yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 366 nm

Molar absorptivity: 2.02 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 443 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 450 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 448 432- 475 15 1.50 Methanol 1, 2

Nitrogen 337 444 426 - 475 rel. 0.40 Methanol 3, 4

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 450 435 - 467 10 0.30 Methanol 3, 5

Flashlamp -450 440 - 458 - - Ethanol 6

CW, Ar+UV 450 430 - 480 -0.59 Bz./Eg. 7

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

4. R. J. von Gutfeld et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-6, 332 (1970).

5. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1979).

6. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

7. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

100

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

200

240

280

320

360

400

440

480

520

560

DASPI

LC 4650

C16H19N2I 366.24

Solvent: Ethanol

101

DASPI (LC 4650)

Constitution

2-(p-Dimethylaminostyryl)-pyridylmethyl Iodide

C16H19N2I · MW: 366.24

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4650

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: orange, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 472 nm

Molar absorptivity: 3.83 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Saturable absorber for flashlamp pumped Coumarin 1, 102, 466, and 6H dye

lasers1.).

References

1. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, Opt. Commun. 46(1), 32 (1983).

102

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

1.5

2.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

Coumarin 466

LC 4660

C13H15NO2217.27

Solvent: Ethanol

103

Coumarin 466 (LC 4660)

Constitution

7-Diethylaminocoumarin

LD 466 · C1H

C13H15NO2 · MW: 217.27

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4660

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (ethanol): 380 nm

Molar absorptivity: 2.38 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 465 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp -466 - - 0.16 Ethanol 1, 2

References

1. E. J. Schimitschek et al., Opt. Commun. 16(3), 313 (1976).

2. E. A. Stappaerts, Appl. Optics 16(12), 3079 (1977).

104

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

1.5

2.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

Coumarin 47

LC 4700

C14H17NO2231.29

Solvent: Ethanol

105

Coumarin 47 (LC 4700)

Constitution

7-Diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin

Coumarin 460 · Coumarin 1

C14H17NO2 · MW: 231.29

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4700

CAS registry number: 99-44-1

Appearance: slightly yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 373 nm

Molar absorptivity: 2.10 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 450 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 450 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 456 440 - 484 18 1.60 Methanol 1, 2, 3

Nitrogen 337 453 436 - 486 rel. 0.66 Methanol 3, 4

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 460 444 - 476 15 0.3 Methanol 1, 5

Flashlamp -460 435 - 490 -0.02 Ethanol 6, 7

CW, Ar+UV 470 450 - 500 -1.76 MeOH/Eg. 8

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).

3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

5. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibbler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1977).

6. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974).

7. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 17(12), 527 (1970).

8. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

106

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

1.5

2.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

Coumarin 102

LC 4800

C16H17NO2255.23

Solvent: Ethanol

Coumarin 102

107

Coumarin 102 (LC 4800)

Constitution

2,3,5,6-1H,4H-Tetrahydro-8-methylquinolizino-[9,9a,1-gh]-coumarin

Coumarin 480

C16H17NO2 · MW: 255.23

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4800

CAS registry number: 41267-76-9

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 389 nm

Molar absorptivity: 2.15 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 465 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 480 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 480 460 - 510 18 2.30 Methanol 1, 2

Nitrogen 337 470 454 - 506 rel. 1.44 Methanol 3

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 480 462 - 497 15 0.40 Methanol 1, 4

Flashlamp -480 460 - 530 0.05 Methanol 5

CW, Ar+UV 482 463 - 515 -2.0 Bz./Eg. 1, 6

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).

3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

4. K. Kato, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-11, 373 (1975).

5. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974).

6. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

108

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

Coumarin 152A

LC 4810

C14H14NO2F3285.27

Solvent: Ethanol

1.5

0.5

2.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

109

Coumarin 152A (LC 4810)

Constitution

7-Diethylamino-4-trifluormethylcoumarin

Coumarin 481 · C1F

C14H14NO2F3 · MW: 285.27

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4810

CAS registry number: 41934-47-8

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 405 nm

Molar absorptivity: 2.16 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 510 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 500 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 517 491 - 553 41.84 Ethanol 1, 2

Nitrogen 337 490 461 - 549 rel. 1.71 Dioxane 2, 3

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 520 500 - 540 -2.85 Ethanol 4

Flashlamp -481 - - 0.21 Dioxane 5

References

1. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).

2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

3. J. A. Halstead, R. R. Reeves, Opt. Commun. 27(2), 273 (1978).

4. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibbler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1977).

5. E. J. Schimitschek et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-9, 781 (1973).

110

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

2.5

1.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

Coumarin 152

LC 4850

C13H10NO2F3257.21

Solvent: Ethanol

111

Coumarin 152 (LC 4850)

Constitution

7-Dimethylamino-4-trifluormethylcoumarin

Coumarin 485 · C2F

C13H10NO2F3 · MW: 257.21

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4850

CAS registry number: 53518-14-2

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 397 nm

Molar absorptivity: 1.97 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 510 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 520 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 520 490 - 570 5.5 2.00 Ethanol 1

Nitrogen 337 532 495 - 560 - - Ethanol 2

Flashlamp - - 518 - 531 - - Ethanol 3

References

1. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).

2. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

3. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

112

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

1.5

2.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

Coumarin 151

LC 4900

C10H6NO2F3229.16

Solvent: Ethanol

113

Coumarin 151 (LC 4900)

Constitution

7-Amino-4-trifluormethylcoumarin

Coumarin 490 · C3F

C10H6NO2F3 · MW: 229.16

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4900

CAS registry number: 53518-13-3

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 382 nm

Molar absorptivity: 1.70 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 480 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 490 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp -490 481 - 493 - - Ethanol 1, 2

References

1. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

2. G. A. Reynolds, K. H. Drexhage, Opt. Commun. 13(3), 222 (1975).

114

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

1.5

2.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

Coumarin 6H

LC 4910

C15H15NO2241.29

Solvent: Ethanol

115

Coumarin 6H (LC 4910)

Constitution

2,3,5,6-1H,4H-Tetrahydroquinolizino-[9,9a,1-gh]coumarin

LD 490 · C6H

C15H15NO2 · MW: 241.29

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 4910

CAS registry number: 58336-35-9

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 396 nm

Molar absorptivity: 2.50 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 490 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 491 463 - 522 5.7 1.33 Etahnol 1

Flashlamp - - 477 - 493 - - Ethanol 2

CW, Kr+VIO 490 476 - 515 -1.20 Eg./Bz. 3

References

1. Lambda Physik.

2. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

116

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

Coumarin 307

LC 5000

C13H12NO2F3271.24

Solvent: Ethanol

117

Coumarin 307 (LC 5000)

Constitution

7-Ethylamino-6-methyl-4-trifluormethylcoumarin

Coumarin 503

C13H12NO2F3 · MW: 271.24

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5000

CAS registry number: 55804-66-5

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 395 nm

Molar absorptivity: 1.85 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 490 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 500 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 500 479 - 553 16 3.40 Methanol 1, 2

Nitrogen 337 504 478 - 547 rel. 1.60 Methanol 3, 4

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 508 485 - 546 15 0.70 Methanol 1

Flashlamp - - 490 - 510 - - Ethanol 6

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).

3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

5. A. N. Fletcher, Appl Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

118

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

1.5

2.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

Coumarin 500

LC 5010

C12H10NO2F3257.21

Solvent: Ethanol

119

Coumarin 500 (LC 5010)

Constitution

7-Ethylamino-4-trifluormethylcoumarin

C12H10NO2F3 · MW: 257.21

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5010

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 395 nm

Molar absorptivity: 1.85 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 500 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 502 480 - 520 12 2.40 Methanol 1, 2

Nitrogen 337 503 473 - 562 rel. 1.40 Ethanol 2

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 518 498 - 546 10 0.70 Methanol 3, 6

Flashlamp - - - - - - 4, 5

References

1. Lambda Physik

2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

3. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322(1979).

4. Th. Varghese, Opt. Commun. 44(5), 353(1983).

5. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

6. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

120

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

Coumarin 314

LC 5040

C18H19NO4313.35

Solvent: Ethanol

Coumarin 314

121

Coumarin 314 (LC 5040)

Constitution

2,3,5,6-1H,4H-Tetrahydro-9-carboethoxyquinolizino-[9,9a,1-gh]coumarin

Coumarin 504

C18H19NO4 · MW: 313.35

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5040

CAS registry number: 55804-66-5

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 436 nm

Molar absorptivity: 4.70 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 480 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 505 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp -506 490 - 504 - - Ethanol 1, 2

References

1. K. H. Drexhage et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-10, 695 (1974).

2. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

122

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

Coumarin 510

LC 5100

C20H18N2O2318.36

Solvent: Ethanol

Coumarin 510

123

Coumarin 510 (LC 5100)

Constitution

2,3,5,6-1H,4H-Tetrahydro-9-(3-pyridyl)-quinolizino-[9,9a,1-gh]coumarin

C20H18N2O2 · MW: 318.36

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5100

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 425 nm

Molar absorptivity: 3.70 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 510 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp -511 504 - 511 - - Ethanol 1

CW, Ar+VIO 525 495 - 565 -1.0 Bz./Eg 2

References

1. A. N. Fletcher et al., Opt. Commun. 47(1), 57 (1983).

2. Lambda Physik.

124

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

Coumarin 30

LC 5150

C21H21N3O2347.42

Solvent: Ethanol

125

Coumarin 30 (LC 5150)

Constitution

3-(2'-N-Methylbenzimidazolyl)-7-N,N-diethylaminocoumarin

Coumarin 515

C21H21N3O2 · MW: 347.42

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5150

CAS registry number: 41044-12-6

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 412 nm

Molar absorptivity: 4.45 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 488 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 510 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp -508 480 - 540 -0.07 Methanol 1, 2

CW, Kr+VIO 510 480 - 555 12 0.26 MeOH/Eg 3

References

1. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

2. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics. 13(10), 2317 (1974).

3. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

126

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

500

Coumarin 334

LC 5210

C17H17NO3283.33

Solvent: Ethanol

127

Coumarin 334 (LC 5210)

Constitution

2,3,5,6-1H,4H-Tetrahydro-9-acetylquinolizino-[9,9a,1-gh]-coumarin

Coumarin 521

C17H17NO3 · MW: 283.33

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5210

CAS registry number: 55804-67-6

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 450 nm

Molar absorptivity: 4.73 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 495 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 480 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 520 506 - 537 12 1.50 Methanol 1, 2

Flashlamp - - 507 - 512 -Methanol 3, 4

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83.

2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9(1983).

3. A. N. Fletcher Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

4. G. A. Reynolds, K. H. Drexhage, Opt. Commun. 13(3), 222(1975).

128

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

Coumarin 522

LC 5220

C14H12NO2F3283.25

Solvent: Ethanol

0.5

1.5

2.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

500

129

Coumarin 522 (LC 5220)

Constitution

N-Methyl-4-trifluormethylpiperidino-[3,2-g]-coumarin

C8F

C14H12NO2F3 · MW: 283.25

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5220

CAS registry number: 55318-19-7

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 410 nm

Molar absorptivity: 2.06 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 516 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 520 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nitrogen 337 520 495 - 575 14 0.04 DMF 1

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 525 505 - 550 -1.41 Ethanol 2

Flashlamp - - 518 - 528 - - Ethanol 3

References

1. P. R. Hammond, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-15(7), 624(1979).

2. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322(1979).

3. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

130

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

DASBTI

LC 5280

C19H21N2SI 436.35

Solvent: Ethanol

DASBTI

131

DASBTI (LC 5280)

Constitution

2-(p-Dimethylaminostyryl)-benzothiazolylethyl Iodide

C19H21N2SI · MW: 436.35

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5280

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 530nm

Molar absorptivity: 5.49 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Saturable absorber for flashlamp pumped Coumarin 6, 153, 522, ands

Rhodamine 110 dye lasers 1., 2.). Applicable around 530 nm.

References

1. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, Appl. Phys. B29, 191(1982).

2. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19(4), 558(1983).

132

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

Coumarin 7

LC 5350

C20H19N3O2333.39

Solvent: Ethanol

133

Coumarin 7 (LC 5350)

Constitution

3-(2'-Benzimidazolyl)-7-N,N-diethylaminocoumarin

Coumarin 535

C20H19N3O2 · MW: 333.39

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5350

CAS registry number: 27425-55-4

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 433 nm

Molar absorptivity: 5.05 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 493 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 530 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp - - 517 - 527 - - Ethanol 1

CW, Ar+VIO 530 495 - 570 91.00 Bz. 2

References

1. A. N. Fletcher Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

2. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Lett. 24(12), 629 (1974).

134

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

Brillantsulfaflavin

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

500

Brillantsulfaflavin

LC 5360

C20H15N2O5SNa 418.40

Solvent: Ethanol

135

Brillantsulfaflavin (LC 5360)

Constitution

Pilot 512

C20H15N2O5SNa · MW: 418.40

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5360

CAS registry number: 2391-30-2

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 423 nm

Molar absorptivity: 1.41 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 517 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 540 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp -540 508 - 574 -0.21 Ethanol 1, 2

References

1. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972).

2. J. B. Marling et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-7, 498 (1971).

136

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

240

320

340

360

380

400

Coumarin 6

260

280

300

420

440

460

480

500

Coumarin 6

LC 5370

C20H18N2O2S 350.43

Solvent: Ethanol

137

Coumarin 6 (LC 5370)

Constitution

3-(2'-Benzothiazolyl)-7-diethylaminocoumarin

Coumarin 540

C20H18N2O2S · MW: 350.43

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5370

CAS registry number: 38215-35-0

Appearance: orange, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 458 nm

Molar absorptivity: 5.4 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 505 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 540 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 534 515 - 558 90.84 DMSO 1, 2

Flashlamp - - 530 - 539 - - Ethanol 3

CW, Ar+488 535 510 - 550 -2.0 Bz./Eg. 4, 5

References

1. Lambda Physik.

2. O. Uchino et al., Appl. Phys. 19, 35(1979).

3. A. N. Fletcher, Appl. Phys. 14, 295(1977).

4. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

5. T. F. Johnston at al., Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307(1982).

138

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

0.5

1.5

2.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

500

520

Coumarin 153

LC 5400

C16H14NO2F3309.29

Solvent: Ethanol

139

Coumarin 153 (LC 5400)

Constitution

2,3,5,6-1H,4H-Tetrahydro-8-trifluormethylquinolizino-[9,9a,1-gh]coumarin

Coumarin 540A, C6F

C16H14NO2F3 · MW: 309.29

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5400

CAS registry number: 53518-18-6

Appearance: yellow, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 423 nm

Molar absorptivity: 1.89 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 530 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 500 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 540 522 - 600 15 4.20 Methanol 1, 2, 3

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 540 516 - 575 18 2.36 Methanol 1

Nitrogen 337 540 517 - 590 rel. 3.10 Methanol 4, 5

Flashlamp - - 528 - 547 - - Methanol 6

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).

3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3552 (1981).

4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

5. R. E. Drullinger, Opt. Commun. 39(4), 263 (1981).

6. A. N. Fletcher Appl. Phys. 14, 295 (1977).

140

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

500

520

DOCI

LC 5410

C21H21N2O2I 460.32

Solvent: Ethanol

141

DOCI (LC 5410)

Constitution

3,3'-Diethyloxacarbocyanine Iodide

C21H21N2O2I · MW: 460.32

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5410

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 485 nm

Molar absorptivity: 12.6 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 540 nm. Saturable absorber for

Coumarin 102 dye lasers; applicalbel around 480 nm 2., 3.).

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp -541 - - 0.09 Glyzerine 1

References

1. M Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972).

2. J. C. Mialocq, P. Goujon, Appl. Phys. Letters 33(9), 819 (1978).

3. R. Wyatt, Opt. Commun. 38(1), 64 (1981).

142

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

Pyrromethene 546

200

250

300

350

500

400

450

Pyrromethene 546

LC 5450

C14H17BF2N2262.11

Solvent: Ethanol

143

Pyrromethene 546 (LC 5450)

Constitution

4,4-Difluoro-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene

1,3,5,7,8-Pentamethylpyrromethenedifluoroborate Complex

C14H17BF2N2 · MW: 262.11

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5450

CAS registry number: 121207-31-6

Appearance: orange, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 494 nm

Molar absorptivity: 8.58 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in methanol): 519 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for flashlamp pumped dye lasers; tunable around 542 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp -542 523-580 -0.066 Methanol 1

Flashlamp -546 - - 0.039 Ethanol 2

References

1. M. Shah et al., Heteroatom Chem. 1(5), 389(1990).

2. Th. G. Pavlopoulos, M. Shah, J. H. Boyer, Opt. Commun. 70(5), 425 (1989).

144

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

DMETCI

LC 5460

C21H21N2S2I 492.43

Solvent: DMSO

145

DMETCI (LC 5460)

Constitution

3,3'-Dimethyl-9-ethylthiacarbocyanine Iodide

C21H21N2S2I · MW: 492.43

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5460

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 540 nm

Molar absorptivity: 10.6 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Saturable absorber for Coumarin 153 dye lasers; applicable around 540 nm 1.).

References

1. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, Opt. Commun. 43(1), 50 (1982).

146

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Uranin

LC 5520

C20H10O5 · 2H2O 412.30

Solvent: Ethanol (basic)

Uranin

147

Uranin (LC 5520)

Constitution

Disodium Fluorescein

C20H10O5 · 2H2O · MW: 412.30

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5520

CAS registry number: 518-47-8

Appearance: red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in basic ethanol): 500 nm

Molar absorptivity: 9.92 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in bas. ethanol): 521 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 550 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 540 532 - 561 91.35 Methanol 1

Nitrogen 337 538 -rel. 1.10 Methanol 2, 3

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 550 536 - 568 -2.06 Ethanol 4

Cu-vapor 510 528 - - 0.42 Ethanol 5

Flashlamp - - 549 - 574 -0.12 Methanol 6

CW, Ar+all 560 530 - 590 71.76 MeOh/Eg. 7

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83.

2. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975).

3. G. Capelle, D. Phillips, Appl. Optics 9(12), 2742 (1970).

4. D, M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1979).

5. L. Masarnovskii et al., Sov. J. Quantum Electr. 9(7), 900 (1979).

6. D. A. Jennings, A. J. Varga, J. Appl. Phys. 42(12), 5171 (1971).

7. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

148

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

Fluorescein 27

LC 5530

C20H10O5Cl 401.20

Solvent: Ethanol (neutr.)

149

Fluorescein 27 (LC 5530)

Constitution

9-(o-Carboxyphenyl)-2,7-dichloro-6-hydroxy-3H-xanthen-3-on

2,7-Dichlorofluorescein · Fluorescein 548

C20H10O5Cl · MW: 401.20

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5530

CAS registry number: 76-54-0

Appearance: red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in basic ethanol): 512 nm

Molar absorptivity: 11.0 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in bas. ethanol): 530 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 550 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 553 540 - 587 12 1.40 Methanol 1

Nitrogen 337 558 546 - 589 rel. 1.00 Ethanol 1, 2

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 550 540 - 575 28 0.64 Methanol 3

Flashlamp - - 557 - 581 -0.20 Methanol 4

References

1. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

2. E. D. Stokes et al., Opt. Commun. 5(4), 267 (1972).

3. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

4. D. A. Jennings, A. J. Varga, J. Appl. Phys. 42(12), 5171 (1971).

150

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

Fluorol 7GA

LC 5550

C18H24N2O2300.40

Solvent: Ethanol

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

500

520

151

Fluorol 7GA (LC 5550)

Constitution

Fluorol 555

C20H24N2O2 · MW: 324.40

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5550

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in methanol): 440 nm

Molar absorptivity: 1.40 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsedoperation; tunable around 520 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 560 530 - 590 51.80 Methanol 1, 2

Flashlamp - - 530 - 600 -0.10 Methanol 3

References

1. Lambda Physik.

2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553, (1981).

3. M. Lambropoulos, Opt. Commun. 15(1), 35 (1975).

152

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

Pyrromethene 556

LC 5560

C14H15BF2N2O6S2Na2466.19

Solvent: Ethyleneglycol

200

250

300

350

500

400

450

153

Pyrromethene 556 (LC 5560)

Constitution

Disodium-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethylpyrromethene-2,6-disulfonate-difluoroborate

complex

C14H17BF2N2O6S2Na2 · MW: 466.19

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5560

CAS registry number: 121461-69-6

Appearance: yellow/orange, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethyleneglycol): 498 nm

Molar absorptivity: 8.88 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in methanol): 533 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 550 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp -561 540-580 -0.03 Methanol 1

CW, Ar+458-514 553 530-624 45 0.93 Eg. 2

References

1. M. Shah et al., Heteroatom Chem. 1(5), 389(1990).

2. S. G. Guggenheimer et al., Appl. Optics 32(21), 3942 (1993).

154

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

Pyrromethene 567

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

Pyrromethene 567

LC 5670

C18H25BF2N2318.22

Solvent: Ethanol

155

Pyrromethene 567 (LC 5670)

Constitution

4,4-Difluoro-2,6-diethyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene

2,6-Diethyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethylpyrromethenedifluoroborate Complex

C18H25BF2N2 · MW: 318.22

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5670

CAS registry number: 131083-16-4

Appearance: orange/red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 518 nm

Molar absorptivity: 7.73 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 547 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 570 nm.

Alternative to Rhodamine 6G.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp -567 - - 0.06 Ethanol 1, 2

CW, Ar+all 571 552-608 36 0.45 PC 3

Nd:YAG 532 566 549-592 44 0.31 PC 4

References

1. M. Shah et al., Heteroatom Chem. 1(5), 389(1990).

2. T. G. Pavlopoulos et al., Appl. Optics 29(27), 3885 (1990).

3. S. G. Guggenheimer et al., Appl. Optics 32(21), 3942 (1993).

4. M. P. O`Neil, Optics Letters 18(1), 37 (1993).

5. R. E. Hermes et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 63(7), 877 (1993).

156

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

300

250

350

400

450

500

550

Rhodamine 110

LC 5700

C20H15N2O3Cl 366.80

Solvent: Ethanol

Rhodamine 110

157

Rhodamine 110 (LC 5700)

Constitution

o-(6-Amino-3-imino-3H-xanthen-9-yl)-benzoic acid

Rhodamine 560

C20H15N2O3Cl · MW: 366.80

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5700

CAS registry number: 13558-31-1

Appearance: red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 510 nm

Molar absorptivity: 8.99 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 535 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 570 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 572 547 - 592 51.22 Ethanol 1

Cu-vapor 510 550 528 - 574 90.09 Methanol 2

Flashlamp - - 551 - 583 -0.07 Ethanol 3

CW, Ar+all 560 530 - 580 -0.75 Eg. 4, 5, 6

References

1. Lambda Physik.

2. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).

3. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19(4), 558 (1983).

4. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

5. T. F. Johnston et al., Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307 (1982).

6. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

158

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

Rhodamine 19

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

Rhodamine 19

LC 5750

C26H27N2O7Cl 514.96

Solvent: Ethanol

159

Rhodamine 19 (LC 5750)

Constitution

Benzoic Acid, 2-[6-(ethylamino)-3-(ethylimino)-2,7-dimethyl-3H-xanthen-

9-yl], perchlorate

Rhodamine 575

C26H27N2O7Cl · MW: 514.96

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5750

CAS registry number: 62669-66-3

Appearance: red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 528 nm

Molar absorptivity: 10.9 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 560 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG, 3rd 355 562 552 - 582 -0.21 Ethanol 1

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 567 556 - 586 31 0.22 Methanol 2

References

1. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1979).

2. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

160

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

Pyrromethene 580

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

Pyrromethene 580

LC 5805

C22H33BF2N2374.32

Solvent: Ethanol

161

Pyrromethene 580 (LC 5805)

Constitution

4,4-Difluoro-2,6-di-n-butyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene

2,6-Di-n-butyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethylpyrromethenedifluoroborate Complex

C22H33BF2N2 · MW: 374.32

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5805

CAS registry number: N/A

Appearance: orange/red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 519 nm

Molar absorptivity: 7.68 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 550 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 580 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp -580 - - 0.08 Ethanol 1

References

1. M. Shah et al., Heteroatom Chem. 1(5), 389(1990).

2. R. E. Hermes et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 63(7), 877 (1993).

162

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

Rhodamine 6G

LC 5900

C28H31N2O3Cl 479.02

Solvent: Ethanol

Rhodamine 6G

163

Rhodamine 6G (LC 5900)

Constitution

Benzoic Acid, 2-[6-(ethylamino)-3-(ethylimino)-2,7-dimethyl-3H-xanthen-9-yl]-

ethyl ester, monohydrochloride

Rhodamine 590

C28H31N2O3Cl · MW: 479.02

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5900

CAS registry number: 989-38-8

Appearance: red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 530 nm

Molar absorptivity: 10.50 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 556 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

The laser dye "per se" Rhodamine 6G is by far the most frequently used and

most widely investigated laser dye. Very efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW

operation; tunable around 590 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 581 569 - 608 16 1.20 Methanol 1, 2, 3

Nitrogen 337 581 573 - 618 rel. 1.63 Methanol 3, 4, 5

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 566 555 - 585 32 0.10 Methanol 1, 6, 7

Flashlamp -600 555 - 620 -1.20 Ethanol 9, 10

CW, Ar+all 575 560 - 625 -0.75 Eg. 1, 11, 12, 13

References

See page 164.

164

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

References (RHODAMINE 6G)

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).

3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

5. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975).

6. D. M. Guthals, J. W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 322 (1979).

7. C. A. Moore, C. D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49(1), 47 (1978).

8. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).

9. P. R. Hammond, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 331 (1979).

10. J. Jethwa, F. P. Schäfer, Appl. Phys. 4, 299 (1974).

11. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

12. H. J. Baving et al., Appl. Phys. B29, 19 (1982).

13. T. F. Johnston et al., Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307 (1982).

References (RHODAMINE B)

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

4. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135 (1975).

5. I. A. Stenhaouse, D. R. Williams, Appl. Spectrosc. 33(2), 175 (1979).

6. Q. H. F. Vrehen, Opt. Commun. 3(3), 144 (1971).

7. L. Masarnovskii et al., Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 9(7), 900 (1979).

8. R. S. Hargrove, T. Kan, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-13, 28D (1977).

9. J. M. Drake et al., Chem. Phys. Letters 35(2), 181 (1975).

10. P. R. Hammond, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 331 (1979).

11. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

References (SULFORHODAMINE B)

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).

3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

4. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).

5. P. R. Hammond, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 331 (1979).

6. R. M. Schotland, Appl. Optics 19(1), 124 (1980).

7. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974).

165

References (RHODAMINE 101)

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).

3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

5. Lambda Physik.

6. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(10), 1886 (1981).

7. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).

8. T. J. Negran, A. M. Glass, Appl. Optics 17(17), 2812 (1978).

9. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

References (DCM)

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).

3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

4. Lambda Physik.

5. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).

6. P. R. Hammond, Opt. Commun. 29(3), 331 (1979).

7. G. P. Weber, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19(7), 1200 (1983).

8. Coherent, Data Sheet.

9. E. G. Marason, Opt. Commun. 37(1), 56 (1981).

10. T. F. Johnston et al., Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307 (1982).

References (CRESYL VIOLET)

1. Lambda Physik.

2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6) 403 (1981).

3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

4. F. Castelli, Appl. Phys. Letters 26(1), 18 (1975).

5. A. Dienes, Appl. Phys. 7, 135(1975).

6. I. A. Stenhouse, D. R. Williams, Appl. Spectrosc. 33(2), 175 (1979).

7. C. A. Moore, C. D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49(1), 47 (1978).

8. W. Schmidt, W. Appt, N. Wittekindt, Z. Naturforsch. 27a, 37 (1972).

9. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics. 13(10), 2317 (1974).

10. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974).

166

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

DQOCI

LC 5920

C23H23N2OI 470.35

Solvent: Ethanol

DQOCI

167

DQOCI (LC 5920)

Constitution

1,3'-Diethyl-4,2'-quinolyloxacarbocyanine Iodide

C23H23N2OI · MW: 470.35

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5920

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: violet, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 592 nm

Molar absorptivity: 13.5 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Saturable absorber for flashlamp pumped Fluorol 7GA and Rhodamine 6G dye

lasers 1., 2.). Applicable around 590 nm.

References

1. E. Lill, S. Schneider, F. Dörr, Opt. Commun. 20(2), 223 (1977).

2. R. S. Adrain et al., Opt. Commun. 12(2), 140 (1974).

168

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

DCI-2

LC 5950

C25H25N2I 480.39

Solvent: Ethanol

DCI-2

169

DCI-2 (LC 5950)

Constitution

1,1'-Diethyl-2,2'-carbocyanine Iodide

Pinacyanol Iodide · Chinaldinblau

C25H25N2I · MW: 480.39

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5950

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: violet, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 606 nm

Molar absorptivity: 17.0 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Saturable absorber for flashlamp pumped Rhodamine 6G dye lasers 1.). Appli-

cable around 606 nm.

References

1. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 13(1), 193 (1974).

170

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

Pyrromethene 597

250

200

300

350

400

450

550

500

Pyrromethene 597

LC 5970

C22H33BF2N2374.32

Solvent: Ethanol

171

Pyrromethene 597 (LC 5970)

Constitution

4,4-Difluoro-2,6-di-t-butyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene

2,6-Di-t-butyl-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethylpyrromethenedifluoroborate Complex

C22H33BF2N2 · MW: 374.32

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 5970

CAS registry number: 137829-79-9

Appearance: red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 524 nm

Molar absorptivity: 6.76 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 557 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 590 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp -593 - - 0.08 Ethanol 1, 2

References

1. J. H. Boyer et al., Appl. Optics 30(27), 3788 (1991).

2. J. H. Boyer et al., Heteroatom Chem. 4(1), 39 (1993).

172

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

Rhodamine B

LC 6100

C28H31N2O3Cl 479.02

Solvent: Ethanol

Rhodamine B

173

Rhodamine B (LC 6100)

Constitution

2-[6-(Diethylamino)-3-(diethylimino)-3H-xanthen-9-yl] benzoic acid

Rhodamine 610

C28H31N2O3Cl · MW: 479.02

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 6100

CAS registry number: 81-88-9

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 552 nm

Molar absorptivity: 10.7 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 580 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Very efficient and frequently used laser dye for pulsed and CW operation;

tunable around 610 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 600 588 - 644 12 0.91 Methanol 1, 2

Nitrogen 337 622 599 - 650 rel. 2.13 Methanol 2, 3, 4

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 594 584 - 619 29 0.22 Methanol 1, 5, 6

Cu-vapo 510 591 582 - 618 21 0.62 Ethanol 7, 8

Flashlamp -618 590 - 640 -0.05 Ethanol 9, 10

CW, Ar+all 640 605 - 675 -3.53 MeOH/Eg. 11

References

see page 164.

174

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

Sulforhodamine B

LC 6200

C27H30N2S2O7

Na 558.66

Solvent: Ethanol

Sulforhodamine B

175

Sulforhodamine B (LC 6200)

Constitution

Ethanaminium, N-[6-diethylamino)-9-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-

N-ethylhydroxid, inner salt, sodium salt

Kiton Red 620 · Kiton Red S

C27H30N2S2O7 · Na · MW: 558.66

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 6200

CAS registry number: 3520-42-1

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 556 nm

Molar absorptivity: 11.1 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 575 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient and frequently used laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; perfor-

mance similar to Rhodamin B; tunable around 620 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 605 594 - 642 12 0.90 Methanol 1, 2

Nitrogen 337 622 600 - 646 rel. 2.85 Methanol 3

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 588 579 - 600 29 0.27 Methanol 1

Cu-vapo 510 620 598 - 645 14 1.74 Methanol 4

Flashlamp -629 600 - 650 -3.91 Methanol 5, 6

CW, Ar+all 625 598 - 650 -2.50 MeOH/Eg. 1, 7

References

See page 164.

176

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Malachit Green

LC 6220

C25H27N2O4419.51

Solvent: Ethanol

Malachit Green

177

Malachit Green (LC 6220)

Constitution

Malachit Grün Oxalat

C25H27N2O4 · MW: 419.51

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 6220

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (ethanol): 622 nm

Molar absorptivity: 8.07 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in bas. ethanol): 530 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Additive for CW pumped, passivlely mode locked Rhodamine 6G dye lasers.

References

1. M. Young, Appl. Optics 18(19), 3212 (1979).

2. A. Watanabe et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19(4), 533 (1983).

178

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

DTCI

LC 6250

C21H21N2S2I 492.43

Solvent: Ethanol

179

DTCI (LC 6250)

Constitution

3,3'-Diethylthiacarbocyanine Iodide

C21H21N2S2I · MW: 492.43

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 6250

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in methanol): 557 nm

Molar absorptivity: 14.60 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 625 nm. Saturable absorber for

flashlamp pumped Rhodamine 6G dye lasers; applicable around 560 nm2.).

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp -625 - - 0.10 Glyzerine 1

References

1. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972).

2. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 13(1), 193 (1974).

180

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

DQTCI

LC 6290

C23H23N2SI 486.41

Solvent: Ethanol

181

DQTCI (LC 6290)

Constitution

1,3'-Diethyl-4,2'-quinolylthiacarbocyanine Iodide

C23H23N2SI · MW: 486.41

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 6290

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in methanol): 629 nm

Molar absorptivity: 13.1 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Saturable absorber for flashlamp pumped Rhodamine B dye lasers; applicable

around 630 nm 1., 2.).

References

1. E. G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 20(3), 125(1972).

2. E. Lill, S. Schneider, F. Dörr, Opt. Commun. 22(1), 107(1977).

182

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

Rhodamine 101

LC 6400

C32H31N2O7Cl 591.06

Solvent: Ethanol

183

Rhodamine 101 (LC 6400)

Constitution

8-(2-Carboxyphenyl)-2,3,5,6,11,12,14,15-octahydro-1H,4H,10H,13H-

diquinolizino[9,9a,1-bc:9',9a',1-hi]xanthylium Perchlorate

Rhodamine 640

C32H31N2O7Cl · MW: 591.06

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 6400

CAS registry number: 64339-18-0

Appearance: red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in acidic ethanol): 576 nm

Molar absorptivity: 9.50 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 640 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 623 614 - 672 12 0.75 Methanol 1, 2, 3

Nitrogen 337 648 623 - 676 rel. 2.36 Methanol 2, 4

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 621 611 - 662 26 0.50 Methanol 1, 5, 6

Cu-vapor 510 630 607 - 659 14 -Methanol 7

Flashlamp - - - - - Ethanol 8

CW, Ar+VIS 625 610 - 695 -2.5 MeOH/Eg. 1, 9

References

See page 165.

184

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

DCM

LC 6500

C19H17N3303.36

Solvent: Ethanol

DCM

185

DCM (LC 6500)

Constitution

4-Dicyanmethylene-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H -pyran

C19H17N3 · MW: 303.36

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 6500

CAS registry number: 51325-91-8

Appearance: red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 472 nm

Molar absorptivity: 4.25 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 644 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 650 nm. DCM

Special gives higher efficiency due to better solubility.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 658 632 - 690 12 0.71 DMSO 1, 2

Nitrogen 337 659 626 - 703 rel. 0.50 DMSO 3

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 639 615 - 666 27 0.50 PC 1, 4

Cu-vapor 510 644 598 - 677 14 0.61 Methanol 5

Flashlamp -655 610 - 710 -0.76 DMSO 6, 7

CW, Ar+VIS 660 - - 0.45 Bz./Eg. 1, 8, 9, 10

References

See page 165.

P.S.

LC 6501 is a 1:1 mixture of LC 6500 and LC 6200 giving high absorption at the

green line of an Ar-Ion laser. Its application should be restricted tothis pump

laser only.

186

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

Pyrromethene 650

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

Pyrromethene 650

LC 6505

C16H18BF2N3301.15

Solvent: Ethanol

187

Pyrromethene 650 (LC 6505)

Constitution

4,4-Difluoro-8-cyano-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene

8-Cyano-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexamethylpyrromethenedifluoroborate Complex

C16H18BF2N3 · MW: 301.15

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 6505

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 590 nm

Molar absorptivity: 4.05 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 612 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 630 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG 532 630 -31 0.03 Ethanol 1

References

1. T. H. Allik et al., SPIE Proceedings 2115, 240 (1994).

188

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

DODCI

LC 6550

C23H23N2O2I 486.35

Solvent: Ethanol

DODCI

189

DODCI (LC 6550)

Constitution

3,3'-Diethyloxadicarbocyanine Iodide

NK 1533

C23H23N2O2I · MW: 486.35

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 6550

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: blue, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 582 nm

Molar absorptivity: 22.3 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 660 nm. Most frequently used

saturable absorber for flashlamp and CW pumped Rhodamine 6G und Rhodamin

B dye lasers 3., 4., 5.). Applicable around 580 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 - - - 0.49 Ethanol 1

Flashlamp -662 - - 0.10 DMSO 2

References

1. C. Rulliere, Chem. Phys. Letters 43(2), 303 (1976).

2. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972).

3. M. Young, Appl. Optics. 18(19), 3212 (1979).

4. A. Watanabe et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-19(4), 533 (1983).

5. E. G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 20(3), 125 (1972).

190

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

Sulforhodamine 101

LC 6600

C31H30N2O7S2606.71

Solvent: Ethanol

Sulforhodamine 101

191

Sulforhodamine 101 (LC 6600)

Constitution

8-(2, 4-Disulfophenyl)-2,3,5,6,11,12,14,15-octahydro-1H,4H,10H,13H-

diquinolizino[9,9a,1-bc:9',9a',1-hi]xanthene

Sulforhodamine 640

C31H30N2O7S2 · MW: 606.71

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 6600

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 578 nm

Molar absorptivity: 10.6 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 650 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 652 616 - 667 15 0.78 Methanol 2, 3

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 628 619 - 673 15 0.3 Methanol 1, 4

CW, Ar+VIS 625 598 - 650 -2.5 Eg. 5, 6

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).

3. Lambda Physik.

4. K. Kato, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-13(7), 544 (1977).

5. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/90.

6. M. Yamashita et al., Opt. Commun. 26(3), 343 (1978).

192

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

Cresyl Violet

LC 6700

C16H12N3O5Cl 361.74

Solvent: Ethanol

Cresyl Violet

193

Cresyl Violet (LC 6700)

Constitution

5,9-Diaminobenzo[a]phenoxazonium Perchlorate

Cresyl Violet 670

C16H12N3O5Cl · MW: 361.74

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 6700

CAS registry number: 41830-80-2

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 601 nm

Molar absorptivity: 6.74 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 632 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 650 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 656 643 - 688 50.50 Ethanol 1, 2, 3

Nitrogen 337 650 630 - 680 rel. 0.36 Ethanol 4, 5

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 630 614 - 654 36 0.04 Methanol 6, 7

Flashlamp -650 630 - 680 -0.01 Methanol 8, 9

CW, Ar+VIS 670 650 - 695 41.09 Eg. 10

References

See page 165.

194

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

Phenoxazone 9

650

600

550

500

450

400

350

300

250

200

Phenoxazone 9

LC 6750

C20H18N2O2318.37

Solvent: Ethanol

195

Phenoxazone 9 (LC 6750)

Constitution

9-Diethylamino-5H-benzo(a)phenoxazin-5-one

C20H18N2O2 · MW: 318.37

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 6750

CAS registry number: 7385-67-3

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (ethanol): 550 nm

Molar absorptivity: 2.83 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in bas. ethanol): 650nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 620 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nitrogen 337 620 560 - 700 rel. 0.32 Ethanol 1

Flashlamp - - - - 0.03 various 1

References

1. D. Basting, D. Ouw, F. P. Schäfer, Opt. Commun. 18(3), 260 (1976).

196

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Nile Blue

LC 6900

C20H20N3O5Cl 417.85

Solvent: Ethanol

Nile Blue

197

Nile Blue (LC 6900)

Constitution

5-Amino-9-diethyliminobenzo[a]phenoxazonium Perchlorate

C20H20N3O5Cl · MW: 417.85

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 6900

CAS registry number: 53340-16-2

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (ethanol): 633 nm

Molar absorptivity: 7.75 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in bas. ethanol): 672 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 690 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 703 688 - 747 50.47 Methanol 1, 2

Nitrogen 337 695 683 - 751 rel. 0.45 Methanol 2

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 683 -18 0.08 Methanol 3

Cu-vapor 510 695 682 - 730 40.84 Methanol 4

Flashlamp -710 690 - 750 poor 0.31 Methanol 5

CW, Kr+red 730 690 - 780 71.2 Eg. 6

References

1. Lambda Physik.

2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

3. K. Kato, Opt. Commun. 19(1), 19 (1976).

4. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).

5. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974).

6. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974).

198

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

Oxazine 4

LC 6950

C18H22N3O5Cl 395.84

Solvent: Ethanol

Oxazine 4

199

Oxazine 4 (LC 6950)

Constitution

3-Ethylamino-7-ethylimino-2,8-dimethylphenoxazin-5-ium Perchlorate

LD 690

C18H22N3O5Cl · MW: 395.84

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 6950

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (ethanol): 615 nm

Molar absorptivity: 10.9 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 690 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 703 665 - 718 50.53 DMSO 1

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 660 - - - - 2

CW, Ar+all - - - + DCM -3

References

1. Lambda Physik.

2. R. J. Hall et al., Opt. Letters 4(3), 87 (1979).

3. J. Heber, A. Szabo, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-20(1), 9 (1984).

200

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Rhodamine 700

LC 7000

C26H26N2O5ClF3538.95

Solvent: Ethanol

Rhodamine 700

201

Rhodamine 700 (LC 7000)

Constitution

8-(Trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,11,12,14,15-octahydro-1H,4H,10H,13H-

diquinolizino[9,9a,1-bc:9',9a',1-hi]xanthylium Perchlorate

LD 700

C26H26N2O5ClF3 · MW: 538.95

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 7000

Appearance: brown, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 643 nm

Molar absorptivity: 9.25 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Very efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 750 nm

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 723 701 - 768 11 0.85 Methanol 1, 2

Flashlamp - - 705 - 798 -0.11 Ethanol 3

CW, Kr+red 740 690 - 785 -1.0 Eg. 1, 4, 5, 6

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).

3. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-20(2), 108 (1984).

4. T. F. Johnston, R. H. Brady, W. Proffitt, Appl. Optics. 21(13), 2307 (1982).

5. G. D. Aumiller, Appl. Optics 23(5), 651 (1984).

6. E. G. Marason, Opt. Commun. 40(3), 212 (1982).

202

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

Pyridine 1

LC 7100

C19H23N2O4Cl 378.85

Solvent: Ethanol

203

Pyridine 1 (LC 7100)

Constitution

1-Ethyl-2-(4-(p-Dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-butadienyl)-pyridinium Perchlorat

LDS 698

C19H23N2O4Cl · MW: 378.85

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 7100

Appearance: red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 480 nm

Molar absorptivity: 3.80 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 710 nm

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 710 670 - 760 10 0.84 DMSO 1, 2

Nitrogen 337 703 675 - 750 rel. 0.88 DMSO 3

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 697 667 - 736 32 0.36 PC 1, 4

Cu-vapor 510 684 661 - 724 61.17 Methanol 5

CW, Ar+VIS 710 670 - 780 - - Pc./Eg. 6, 7

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).

3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

4. Lambda Physik.

5. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).

6. J. Hoffnagle et al., Opt. Commun. 42(4), 267 (1982).

7. Ph. Bado et al., Opt. Commun. 46(3,4), 241 (1983).

204

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Carbazine 122

LC 7200

C22H18NO3Na 367.38

Solvent: Ethanol (basic)

Carbazine 122

205

Carbazine 122 (LC 7200)

Constitution

Carbazine 720

C22H18NO3Na · MW: 367.38

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 7200

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in basic ethanol): 655 nm

Molar absorptivity: 7.54 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 640 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XNd:YAG, 2nd 532 720 -30 1.10 Water 1, 2, 3

Flashlamp -700 680 - 740 -0.07 Methanol 4

CW, Kr+red 750 690 - 820 -0.72 Eg. 5

References

1. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(10), 1886 (1981).

2. K. Kato, Opt. Commun. 19(1), 18 (1976).

3. K. Kato, Opt. Commun. 18(4), 447 (1976).

4. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974).

5. P. E. Jessop, A. Szabo, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-16(8), 812 (1980).

206

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

250

300

350

450

500

600

650

Oxazine 170

200

400

550

Oxazine 170

LC 7210

C21H22N3O5Cl 431.87

Solvent: Ethanol

207

Oxazine 170 (LC 7210)

Constitution

9-Ethylamino-5-ethylimino-10-methyl-5H-benzo(a)phenoxazonium Perchlorate

Oxazine 720

C21H22N3O5Cl · MW: 431.87

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 7210

CAS registry number: 62669-60-7

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 627 nm

Molar absorptivity: 9.20 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 650 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 670 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 708 660 - 728 41.14 Methanol 1, 2, 3

Nitrogen 337 705 672 - 727 rel. 0.79 Methanol 4

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 672 -20 0.08 Methanol 5, 6

Cu-vapor 510 675 660 - 712 12 0.13 Methanol 7

CW, Kr+red 730 670 - 740 -0.86 Eg. 8

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83.

2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).

3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

5. K. Kato, Opt. Commun. 19(1), 18 (1976).

6. C. A. Moore, C. D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49(1), 47 (1978).

7. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).

8. P. E. Jessop, A. Szabo, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-16(8), 812 (1980).

208

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Oxazine 1

LC 7250

C20H26N3O5Cl 423.90

Solvent: Ethanol

Oxazine 1

209

Oxazine 1 (LC 7250)

Constitution

3-Diethylamino-7-diethyliminophenoxazonium Perchlorate

Oxazine 725

C20H26N3O5Cl · MW: 423.90

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 7250

CAS registry number: 24796-94-9

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 646 nm

Molar absorptivity: 13.0 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 670 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 670 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 734 692 - 768 60.85 Ethanol 1, 2, 3

Nitrogen 337 730 692 - 751 -1.96 Ethanol 4

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 695 -18 0.07 Methanol 5, 6

Flashlamp -720 700 - 740 - - Methanol 7

CW, Kr+red 720 695 - 800 -1.20 Eg. 8

References

1. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).

2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).

3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

4. B. M. Pierce, R. R. Birge, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-18(7), 1164 (1982).

5. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(10), 1886 (1981).

6. C. A. Moore, C. D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49(1), 47 (1978).

7. J. B. Marling et al., Appl. Optics 13(10), 2317 (1974).

8. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

210

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

DTDCI

LC 7260

C23H23N2S2I 518.47

Solvent: Ethanol

DTDCI

211

DTDCI (LC 7260)

Constitution

3-Diethylthiadicarbocyanine Iodide

NK 136

C23H23N2S2I · MW: 518.47

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 7260

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: blue, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 653 nm

Molar absorptivity: 22.3 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 760 nm. Saturable absorber for

flashlamp pumped Rhodamine 101 dye lasers; applicable around 650 nm 1.).

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nitrogen 337 695 - - 0.13 Acetone 2

Flashlamp -760 - - 0.10 DMSO 3

References

1. T. J. Negran, A. M. Glass, Appl. Optics 17(17), 2812 (1978).

2. Chinlon Lin, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 61 (1975).

3. A. Hirth, K. Vollrath, J. Faure, D. Lougnot, Opt. Commun. 7(4), 339 (1973).

212

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Oxazine 750

LC 7270

C24H24N3O5Cl 469.92

Solvent: Ethanol

Oxazine 750

213

Oxazine 750 (LC 7270)

Constitution

C24H24N3O5Cl · MW: 469.92

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 7270

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 667 nm

Molar absorptivity: 8.25 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 750 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 777 735 - 796 61.25 DMSO 1, 2, 3

Nitrogen 337 724 708 - 780 rel. 0.50 Ethanol 3, 4

CW, Kr+red 810 790 - 900 -0.62 PC./Eg. 5

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83.

2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).

3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1983).

4. B. M. Pierce, R. R. Birge, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE18(7), 1164 (1982).

5. G. D. Aumiller, Opt. Commun. 41(2), 115 (1982).

214

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

Pyridine 2

LC 7300

C19H23N2O4Cl 378.85

Solvent: Ethanol

215

Pyridine 2 (LC 7300)

Constitution

1-Ethyl-4-(4-(p-Dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-butadienyl)-pyridinium Perchlorat

LDS 722

C19H23N2O4Cl · MW: 378.85

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 7300

Appearance: red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 500 nm

Molar absorptivity: 4.22 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 740 nm

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 740 695 - 790 11 0.72 DMSO 1

Nitrogen 337 743 710 - 790 rel. 0.85 DMSO 2

Nd:YAG 532 750 725 - 776 21 0.22 PC 3

Cu-vapor 510 722 687 - 755 41.00 Methanol 4

CW, Ar+VIS 720 685 - 820 -0.75 Pc./Eg. 1

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

3. Lambda Physik.

3. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).

216

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

HIDCI

LC 7400

C27H31N2I 510.46

Solvent: Ethanol

HIDCI

217

HIDCI (LC 7400)

Constitution

1,1',3,3,3',3'-Hexamethylindodicarbocyanine Iodide

Hexacyanine 2

C27H31N2I · MW: 510.46

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 7400

CAS registry number: 36536-22-8

Appearance: blue, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 639 nm

Molar absorptivity: 22.5 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 740 nm. Saturable absorber for

flashlamp pumped Rhodamine 6G dye lasers; applicable around 630 nm1.).

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp -740 - - 0.11 DMSO 2

References

1. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 13(1), 193 (1974).

2. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972).

218

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

Cryptocyanine

LC 7450

C25H25N2I 480.39

Solvent: Ethanol

Cryptocyanine

219

Cryptocyanine (LC 7450)

Constitution

1,1'-Diethyl-4,4'-carbocyanine Iodide

DCI-4

C25H25N2I · MW: 480.39

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 7450

CAS registry number: 4727-50-8

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 708 nm

Molar absorptivity: 22.5 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Saturable absorber for the ruby laser; applicable around 700 nm1., 2., 3., 4.).

References

1. M. L. Spaeth, W. R. Sooy, J. Chem. Phys. 48(5), 2315 (1968).

2. I. K. Krasyuk et al., JETP Letters 7(4), 89 (1968).

3. H. W. Mocker, R. J. Collins, Appl. Phys. Letters 7(10), 270 (1965).

4. V. I. Malyshev, A. S. Markin, A. A. Sychev, JETP Letters 6, 34 (1967).

220

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

Styryl 6

LC 7500

C23H27N2O4Cl 430.93

Solvent: Ethanol

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Styryl 6

221

Styryl 6 (LC 7500)

Constitution

2-(4-(p-Dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-butadienyl)-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium

Perchlorate

LDS 730

C23H27N2O4Cl · MW: 430.93

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 7500

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: blue, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 615 nm

Molar absorptivity: 7.38 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 720 nm

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 721 708 - 735 16 0.28 PC 1

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. K. Kato, IEEE J. Quantaum Electr. QE-16(10), 1017 (1980).

222

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

400

550

700

350

450

500

600

650

Styryl 8

LC 7550

C21H23N2SO4Cl 434.94

Solvent: Ethanol

223

Styryl 8 (LC 7550)

Constitution

2-(4-(p-Dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-butadienyl)-3-ethylbenzothoazolium Perchlorat

LDS 751

C21H23N2SO4Cl · MW: 434.94

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 7550

CAS registry number: 76433-29-9

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 570 nm

Molar absorptivity: 6.15 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 750 nm

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 750 717 - 780 13 0.15 PC 1

Cu-vapor 510 711 703 - 724 31.70 Methanol 2

CW, Ar+VIS 780 700 - 840 - - Pc./Eg. 3, 4

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).

3. J. Hoffnagle et al., Opt. Commun. 42(4), 267 (1982).

4. J. J. L. Mulders, L. W. G. Steenhuysen, Opt. Commun. 54(5), 295 (1985).

224

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

300

250

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

DDI

LC 7700

C27H27N2I 506.43

Solvent: Ethanol

225

DDI (LC 7700)

Constitution

1,1'-Diethyl-2,2'-dicarbocyanine Iodide

C27H27N2I · MW: 506.43

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 7700

CAS registry number: 14187-31-6

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in methanol): 710 nm

Molar absorptivity: 23.0 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 745 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 800 nm. Saturable absorber for

the Ruby laser and flashlamp pumped Cresyl Violet and Rhodamine 700 dye

lasers; applicable around 710 nm1., 2., 3.).

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Ruby 694 806 -13 0.03 Ethanol 4

References

1. E. G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 20(3), 125 (1972).

2. M. E. Mack, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-4, 1015 (1968).

3. W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. 20(2), 108 (1984).

4. A. M. Bonch-Bruevich, Opt. Spectr. 28, 51 (1970).

226

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

700

650

Pyridine 4

LC 7710

C23H27N2O4Cl 430.5

Solvent: Ethanol

227

Pyridine 4 (LC 7710)

Constitution

1-Ethyl-4-(4-(9-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo(i,j)-chinolizinium))-1,3-

butadienyl)-pyridinium Perchlorate

C23H27N2O4Cl · MW: 430.5

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 7710

CAS Registry number: -

Appearance: dark brown, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 550 nm

Molar absorptivity: 4.26 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 770 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 771 744 - 812 70.75 DMSO 1

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

228

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

Methyl-DOTCI

LC 7800

C23H21N2O2I 484.31

Solvent: Ethanol

Methyl-DOTCI

229

Methyl-DOTCI (LC 7800)

Constitution

3,3'-Dimethyloxatricarbocyanine Iodide DMOTCI · NK 199

C23H21N2O2I · MW: 484.31

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 7800

Appearance: blue, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 682 nm

Molar absorptivity: 19.8 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 718 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 780 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 792 774 - 810 40.90 DMSO 1, 2, 3

Nitrogen 337 780 768 - 820 rel. 0.51 DMSO 3, 4

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 780 -rel. -DMSO 5

Flashlamp -810 - - 0-07 DMSO 6

CW, Kr+red -745 - 790 -1.45 Eg. 7

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83.

2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).

3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

5. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(10), 1886 (1981).

6. C. Loth, P. Flamant, Opt. Commun. 21(1), 13 (1977).

7. J. M. Yarborough, Appl. Phys. Letters 24(12), 629 (1974).

P.S.

The DOTCI (3,3'-Diethyloxatricarbocyanine Iodide) shows identical performance,

however, its photochemical stability is much lower.

230

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

Styryl 11

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

Styryl 11

LC 7950

C23H25N2O4Cl 428.5

Solvent: Ethanol

231

Styryl 11 (LC 7950)

Constitution

1-Ethyl-4-(4-(p-Dimethylaminophenyl)-1,3-butadienyl)-quinolinium Perchlorate

LDS 798

C23H25N2O4Cl · MW: 428.5

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 7950

CAS registry number: 92479-59-9

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 575 nm

Molar absorptivity: 4.55 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 800 nm

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

CW, Ar+VIS 800 770 - 845 50.51 Pc./Eg. 1

References

1. J. Hoffnagle et al., Opt. Commun. 42(4), 267 (1982).

232

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

Rhodamine 800

LC 8000

C26H26N3O5Cl 495.52

Solvent: Ethanol

Rhodamine 800

233

Rhodamine 800 (LC 8000)

Constitution

8-Cyano-2,3,5,6,11,12,14,15-octahydro-1H,4H,10H,13H-diquinolizino[9,9a,1-

bc:9',9a',1-hi]xanthylium Perchlorate

C26H26N3O5Cl · MW: 495.52

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 8000

CAS registry number: 101027-54-7

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 682 nm

Molar absorptivity: 8.95 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Very efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 810 nm

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 810 776 - 823 61.00 DMSO 1

CW, Kr+red 795 730 - 835 22 0.21 Eg. 2

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. R. Raue, H. Harnisch, K. H. Drexhage, Heterocycles 21(1), 167 (1984).

234

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

Styryl 9M

LC 8400

C27H31N2O4SCl 513.96

Solvent: Ethanol

235

Styryl 9M (LC 8400)

Constitution

2-(6-(4-Dimethylaminophenyl)-2,4-neopentylene-1,3,5-hexatrienyl)-3-methyl-

benzothiazolium Perchlorat

LDS 821

C27H31N2O4SCl · MW: 513.96

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 8400

CAS registry number: 120528-73-6

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 585 nm

Molar absorptivity: 5.05 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Very efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 840 nm

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 840 810 - 875 91.10 DMSO 1,2

Nitrogen 337 840 803 - 875 rel. 1.03 DMSO 3

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 824 797 - 851 15 0.26 Pc. 1, 4

Cu-vapor 510 815 793 - 845 14 0.67 Methanol 5

Flashlamp -840 810 - 860 -0.01 Pc./Eg. 6, 7

CW, Ar+VIS 830 785 - 900 -2.0 Pc./Eg. 1, 8,9

References

See page 236.

P.S.

The 3-Ethyl-derivative (Styryl 9/LDS 820) shows similar performance. However,

its photochemical stability in CW pumped dye lasers is slightly lower.

236

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

References (STYRYL 9M)

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B32, 9 (1983).

3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

4. K. Kato, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-16(19), 1017 (1980).

5. M. Broyer et al., Appl. Phys. B35, 31 (1984).

6. K. Smith, W. Sibbett, J. R. Taylor, Opt. Commun. 49(5), 359 (1984).

7. Cheng-Huei Lin, B. Marshall, Appl. Optics 23(14), 2228 (1984).

8. J. Hofnagle et al., Opt. Commun. 42(4), 267 (1982).

9. J. J. L. Mulders, L. W. G. Steenhuysen, Opt. Commun. 54(5), 295 (1985).

References (HITCI)

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 403 (1981).

3. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(10), 3553 (1981).

4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

5. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 1886 (1981).

6. A. Hirth, K. Vollrath, J. Faure, D. Lougnot, Opt. Commun. 7(4), 339(1973).

7. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

8. T. F. Johnston, R. H. Brady, W. Proffitt, Appl. Optics 21(13), 2307 (1982).

References (IR 140)

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/83.

2. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

3. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B30, 109 (1983).

4. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

5. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(10), 1886 (1981).

6. C. A. Moore, C. D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49(1), 47 (1978).

7. C. D. Decker, Appl. Phys. Letters 27(11), 607 (1975).

8. J. P. Webb et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 114 (1975).

9. Coherent, CW Dye Laser Fact Sheets.

10. Lambda Physik.

237

238

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

HITCI

LC 8500

C29H33N2I 536.50

Solvent: Ethanol

HITCI

239

HITCI (LC 8500)

Constitution

1,1',3,3,3',3'-Hexamethylindotricarbocyanine Iodide

Hexacyanine 3

C29H33N2I · MW: 536.50

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 8500

CAS registry number: 19764-96-6

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 741 nm

Molar absorptivity: 21.5 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 778 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 860 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 868 837 - 905 41.20 DMSO 1, 2, 3

Nitrogen 337 846 828 -891 rel. 1.06 DMSO 3, 4

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 815 - - - Ethanol 5

Flashlamp -879 - - 0.11 DMSO 6

CW, Kr+ir 880 815 - 920 10 0.3 DMSO/Eg. 7, 8

References

See page 236.

240

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

IR 125

LC 8630

C43H47N2O6S2Na 774.96

Solvent: DMSO

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

IR 125

241

IR 125 (LC 8630)

Constitution

C43H47N2O6S2Na · MW: 774.96

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 8630

CAS registry number: 3599-32-4

Appearance: bronze, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in DMSO): 795 nm

Molar absorptivity: 17.3 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in chloroform): 838

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 920 nm

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 920 890 - 960 42.0 DMSO 1

Nitrogen 337 918 893 - 958 rel. 1.94 DMSO 2, 3

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 913 -30.39 DMSO 4

Flashlamp -940 - - 0.08 DMSO 5

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 6/90.

2. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

3. B. M. Pierce, R. R. Birge, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-18(7), 1164 (1982).

4. C. D. Decker, Appl. Phys. Letters 27(11), 607 (1975).

5. J. P. Webb et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 114 (1975).

242

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

DTTCI

LC 8760

C25H25N2S2I 544.51

Solvent: Ethanol

DTTCI

243

DTTCI (LC 8760)

Constitution

3,3'-Diethylthiatricarbocyanine Iodide

C25H25N2S2I · MW: 544.51

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 8760

CAS registry number: 3071-70-3

Appearance: blue, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 760 nm

Molar absorptivity: 21.0 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in chloroform): 815

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 850 nm

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 849 828 - 883 10.42 DMSO 1

Nitrogen 337 852 834 - 892 rel. 0.60 DMSO 1, 2

Flashlamp -889 - - 0.11 Methanol 3, 4

References

1. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

2. B. M. Pierce, R. R. Birge, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-18(7), 1164 (1982).

3. M. Maeda, Y. Miyazoe, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(5), 692 (1972).

4. A. Hirth, K. Vollrath, J. Faure, D. Lougnot, Opt. Commun. 7(4), 339 (1973).

244

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

IR 144

LC 8800

C56H73N5O8S21008.34

Solvent: Ethanol

IR 144

245

IR 144 (LC 8800)

Constitution

C56H73N5O8S2 · MW: 1008.34

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 8800

CAS registry number: 54849-69-3

Appearance: bronze, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in DMSO): 750 nm

Molar absorptivity: 14.1 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 848

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 880 nm

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 869 856 - 879 31.08 DMSO 1, 2

Nitrogen 337 874 862 - 892 rel. 1.61 DMSO 1, 3, 4

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 867 -60.30 DMSO 5, 6

Flashlamp -880 - - 0.10 DMSO 7

References

1. F. Bos, Appl. Optics 20(20), 3553 (1981).

2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B30, 109 (1983).

3. Lambda Physik, Data Sheet.

4. B. M. Pierce, R. R. Birge, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-18(7), 1164 (1982).

5. F. Bos, Appl. Optics. 20(10), 1886 (1981).

6. C. A. Moore, C. D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49(1), 47 (1978).

7. J. P. Webb et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 114 (1975).

246

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

Styryl 15

LC 8810

C31H35N2O4SCl 566.5

Solvent: Ethanol

247

Styryl 15 (LC 8810)

Constitution

2-(6-(9-(2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo(i,j)-chinolizinium))-2,4-neopentylene-

1,3,5-hexatrienyl)-3-methylbenzothiazolium Perchlorate

C31H35N2O4SCl · MW: 566.5

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 8810

CAS Registry number: -

Appearance: dark green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 648 nm

Molar absorptivity: 4.42 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 880 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 880 856 - 918 71.15 DMSO 1

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 880 856 - 918 70.62 Pc. 1

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

248

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

DNTTCI

LC 8850

C30H33N2S2I 612.63

Solvent: Ethanol

249

DNTTCI (LC 8850)

Constitution

3,3'-Diethyl-9,11-neopentylenethiatricarbocyanine Iodide

C30H33N2S2I · MW: 612.63

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 8850

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: brass colored, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 765nm

Molar absorptivity: 22.5 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum : -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 880 nm

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Flashlamp -880 - - 0.12 DMSO 1

References

1. A. Hirth, K. Vollrath, J. Faure, D. Lougnot, Opt. Commun. 7(4), 339 (1973).

250

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

HDITCI

LC 9200

C37H37N2I 636.62

Solvent: Ethanol

251

HDITCI (LC 9200)

Constitution

1,1',3,3,3',3'-Hexamethyl-4,4',5,5'-dibenzo-2,2'-indotricarbocyanine Iodide

Hexadibenzocyanin 3

C37H37N2I · MW: 636.62

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 9200

CAS registry number: 23178-67-8

Appearance: bronze colored, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 780 nm

Molar absorptivity: 23.1 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in chloroform): 824

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 920 nm. Saturable

absorber for CW pumped Oxazine 170 dye lasers; applicable around 780 nm 1.).

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 932 899-975 40.90 DMSO 1, 2

CW, Kr+red 920 880 - 960 20.95 DMSO/Eg. 3

References

1. G. W. Fehrenbach et al., Appl. Phys. Letters 33(2), 159 (1978).

2. V. S. Antonov, K. L. Hohla, Appl. Phys. B30, 109 (1983).

3. K. M. Romanek et al., Opt. Commun. 21(1), 16 (1977).

252

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

DDTTCI

LC 9280

C33H29N2S2I 644.43

Solvent: Ethanol

DDTTCI

253

DDTTCI (LC 9280)

Constitution

3,3'-Diethyl-4,4',5,5'-dibenzothiatricarbocyanine Iodide

Hexadibenzocyaini 45

C33H29N2S2I · MW: 644.43

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 9280

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: bronze colored, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 798 nm

Molar absorptivity: 19.6 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 930 nm

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 932 899 - 975 50.92 DMSO 1, 2

Nitrogen 337 870 -rel. 0.32 Acetone 3

Flashlamp -946 - - Pc./DMSO 4

References

1. Lambda Physik.

2. H. Telle, W. Hüffer, D. Basting, Opt. Commun. 38(5,6), 402 (1981).

3. Chinlon Lin, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 61 (1975).

4. A. Hirth, J. Faure, D. Lougnot, Opt. Commun. 8(4), 318 (1973).

254

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

DDCI-4

LC 9300

C27H27N2O 506.43

Solvent: Ethanol

255

DDCI-4 (LC 9300)

Constitution

1,2'-Diethyl-4,4'-dicarbocyanine Iodide

NK 1144

C27H27N2O · MW: 506.43

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 9300

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 815 nm

Molar absorptivity: 23.6 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 850 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 930 nm

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nitrogen 337 930 -rel. 0.50 Acetone 1

References

1. Chinlon Lin, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 61 (1975).

256

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

IR 140

LC 9310

C39H34N3O4S2Cl3779.21

Solvent: Ethanol

IR 140

257

IR 140 (LC 9310)

Constitution

C39H34N3O4S2Cl3 · MW: 779.21

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 9310

CAS registry number: 53655-17-7

Appearance: brown, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 810 nm

Molar absorptivity: 15.0 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): 860 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 950 nm

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 950 882 - 985 31.10 DMSO 1, 2, 3

Nitrogen 337 910 900 - 936 rel. 0.78 DMSO 3, 4

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 890 -50.31 DMSO 5, 6, 7

Flashlamp -950 - - 0.08 DMSO 8

CW, Kr+VIS 970 880 - 1010 14 0.71 DMSO/Eg. 9, 10

References

See page 236.

258

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

Styryl 14

Sryl 14

LC 9450

C29H33N2O4SCl 540.5

Solvent: Ethanol

259

Styryl 14 (LC 9450)

Constitution

2-(8-(4-p-Dimetyhlaminophenyl)-2,4-neopentylene-1,3,5,7-octatetraenyl)-3-

methylbenzothiazolium Perchlorate

C29H33N2O4SCl · MW: 540.5

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 9450

CAS Registry number: -

Appearance: dark green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 588 nm

Molar absorptivity: 5.17 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in ethanol): -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 950 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 945 904 - 992 91.10 DMSO 1

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 945 904 - 990 90.27 Pc. 1

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

260

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

IR 132

LC 9500

C59H48N3O8S2Cl 1026.62

Solvent: DMSO

200

250

300

400

350

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

IR 132

261

IR 132 (LC 9500)

Constitution

C59H48N3O8S2Cl · MW: 1026.62

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 9500

CAS registry number: 62669-62-9

Appearance: red, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in DMSO): 830 nm

Molar absorptivity: 15.9 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in chloroform): 861 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for pulsed operation; tunable around 950 nm

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 909 -10.51 DMSO 1

Flashlamp -972 - - 0.10 DMSO 2

ML, Kr+VIS -863 - 1048 -0.80 DMSO 3

References

1. C. D. Decker, Appl. Phys. Letters 27(11), 607 (1975).

2. J. P. Webb et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-11, 114(1975).

3. M. Leduc, Opt. Commun. 31(1), 66(1979).

262

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

Styryl 20

LC 9940

C33H37N2O4SCl 592.5

Solvent: DMSO

263

Styryl 20 (LC 9940)

Constitution

2-(8-(9-(2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo(i,j)chinolizinium))-2,4-neopentylene-

1,3,5,7-octatetraenyl)-3-methylbenzothiazolium Perchlorate

C33H37N2O4SCl · MW: 592.5

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 9940

CAS registry number: -

Appearance: dark green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in ethanol): 645 nm

Molar absorptivity: 4.70 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient IR laser dye for pulsed and CW operation; tunable around 990 nm.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

XeCl-Excimer 308 994 970 - 1036 41.10 DMSO 1

Nd:YAG, 2nd 532 994 970 - 1036 40.68 Pc. 1

References

1. Lambda Physik, Wall Chart 1996.

264

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

IR 26

LC 1080

C40H30O4S2Cl2709.70

Solvent: Dichloroethane

IR 26

265

IR 26 (LC 1080)

Constitution

C40H30O4S2Cl2 · MW: 709.70

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 1080

CAS registry number: 76871-75-5

Appearance: dark green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in dichloroethane): 1080 nm

Molar absorptivity: 10.3 x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum (in benzyl alcohol): 1180 nm

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Efficient laser dye for synchronously pumped (Nd:YAG) dye lasers; tunable

around 1030 nm. Saturable absorber for Nd:YAG lasers.

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG 1064 1290 1200 - 1320 40.71 Bz. 1, 2, 3, 4

References

1. W. Kranitzky et al., Opt. Commun. 36(2), 149 (1981).

2. A. Seilmeier et al., Optics. Letters 8(4), 205 (1983).

3. A. Seilmeier, Opt. Quantum Electr. 16, 89 (1984).

4. K. Kato, IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-20(7), 698 (1984).

266

WAVELENGTH [NM] --->

ABSORBANCE [10-4 * L/(MOL*CM] --->

300

400

500

600

700

900

800

1000

1100

1200

IR 5

LC 1090

C50H43O6Cl 775.34

Solvent: Dichloroethane

267

IR 5 (LC 1090)

Constitution

C50H43O6Cl · MW: 775.34

Characteristics

Lambdachrome® number: 1090

CAS registry number: 61010-01-3

Appearance: dark green, crystalline solid

Absorption maximum (in dichloroethane): 1090 nm

Molar absorptivity: 9.30x 104 L mol-1 cm-1

Fluorescence maximum: -

For research and development purposes only.

Lasing Performance

Laser dye for synchronously pumped (Nd:YAG) dye lasers; tunable around 1300

nm. Saturable absorber for Nd:glass lasers2.).

Pump Dye Laser Characteristics

Source Wavelength Peak Range Effic. Conc. Solvent Ref.

[nm] [nm] [nm] [%] [g/l]

Nd:YAG 1064 1320 1180 - 1400 10 0.64 DCE 1, 2,

References

1. T. Elsaesser et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-20(3), 191 (1984).

2. R. R. Alfano et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-17(3), 290 (1981).

268

Saturable Absorbers

a: Dye/LC #

b: Application

c: Literature

a: DASPI/LC 4660

b: s.a. for FL-pumped C1-, C102-, C466-, C6H-dye laser

applicable in the 480 - 500 nm range

c: Sibbett et al., Opt. Commun. 46(1), 32 (1983)

a: DASBTI/LC 5280

b: s.a. for FL-pumped C6-, C522-, C153-, Rh110-dye laser

applicable in the 500 - 540 nm range

c: W. Sibbett et al., Opt. Commun. 44(2), 121 (1982)

W. Sibbett et al., Appl. Phys. B29, 191 (1982)

W. Sibbett et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electr. QE-19(4), 558 (1983)

a: DOCI/LC 5410

b: s.a. for FL-pumped C102-, C500-, XeCl-pumped C102-dye laser

applicable in the 480 - 500 nm range

c: J.C. Mialocq et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 33(9), 819 (1978)

R. Wyatt, Opt. Commun. 38(1), 64 (1981)

Th. Varghese, Opt. Commun. 44(5), 353 (1983)

M. Watanabe et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 45(9), 929 (1984)

a: DMETCI/LC 5460

b: s.a. for FL-pumped C153-dye laser

applicable in the 530 - 550 nm range

c: W. Sibbett et al., Opt. Commun. 43(1), 50 (1982)

a: DQOCI/LC 5920

b: s.a. for FL-pumped Fluorol 7GA-, Rh6G-dye laser

applicable in the 550 - 590 nm range

c: E. Lill et al., Opt. Commun. 20(2), 223 (1977)

R.S. Adrain et al., Opt. Commun. 12(2), 140 (1974)

a: DCI-2/LC 5950

b: s.a. for FL-pumped Rh6G-dye laser

applicable in the 560 - 600 nm range

c: M. Maeda et al., Japan J. Appl. Phys. 13(1), 193 (1974)

269

a: Malachit Green/LC 6220

b: additive for CW-pumped Rh6G-dye laser

applicable in combination with DODCI as s.a.

c: M. Young, Appl. Optics 18(19), 3212 (1979)

A. Watanabe et al., IEEE J. Quant. Electr. QE-19(4), 533 (1983)

a: DTCI/LC 6250

b: s.a. for FL-pumped Rh6G-dye laser

applicable in the 580 nm range

c: M. Maeda et al., J. Appl. Phys. 13(1), 193 (1974)

a: DQTCI/LC 6290

b: s.a. for FL-pumped RhB-dye laser

applicable in the 600 - 620 nm range

c: E. G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 20(3), 125 (1972)

E. Lill et al., Opt. Commun. 22(1), 107 (1977)

a: DODCI/LC 6550

b: "state of the art"-s.a. for CW- and FL-pumped Rh6G-dye laser

applicable in the 570 - 600 nm range

c: elsewhere

a: DTDCI/LC 7260

b: s.a. for FL-pumped Rh101-, CV/Rh6G-dye laser

applicable in the 630 - 650 nm range

c: J. Negran et al., Appl. Optics 17(17), 2812 (1978)

E.G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 20(3), 125 (1972)

a: Cryptocyanine/LC 7450

b: s.a. for Ruby-lasers

c: I.K. Krasyuk et al., JETP Letters 7(4), 89 (1968)

H.W. Mocker et al., Appl Phys. Lett. 7(10), 270 (1965)

V.I. Malyshev et al., JETP Letters 6(2), 34 (1967)

a: DDI/LC 7700

b: s.a. for FL-pumped CV/Rh6G-, Rh700-dye laser, Ruby-laser

applicable in the 680 - 710 nm range

c: E.G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 20(3), 125 (1972)

M.E. Mack, IEEE J. Quant. Electr. QE-4, 1015 (1968)

W. Sibbett et al., IEEE J. Quant. Electr. QE-20(2), 108 (1984)

a: DOTCI/LC 7880

b: s.a. for FL-pumped CV-dye laser

applicable in the 680 - 700 nm range

c: E.G. Arthurs et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 20(3), 125 (1972)

270

a: HITCI/LC 8500

b: s.a. for FL-pumped DOTCI-dye laser

applicable in the 750 - 800 nm range

c: A. Hirth et al., Opt. Commun. 7(4), 339 (1973)

a: HDITCI/LC 9200

b: s.a. for CW-pumped Oxazine 750-dye laser

applicable in the 750 - 830 nm range

c: G.W. Fehrenbach et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 33(2), 159 (1978)

a: IR 140/LC 9310

b: s.a. for FL- and CW-pumped Styryl 9-dye laser

applicable in the 840 nm range

c: K. Smith et al., Opt. Commun. 49(5), 359 (1984)

a: IR 26/LC 1080

b: s.a. for Nd:YAG-laser

c: B. Kopainsky et al., Appl. Phys. B-29, 15 (1982)

a: IR 5/LC 1090

b: s.a. for Nd:glass-laser

c: R.R. Alfano et al., IEEE J. Quant. Electr. QE-17(3), 290 (1981)

Abbreviations used:

CCoumarin

CV Cresyl Violet

CW continuous wave

FL flashlamp

LC Lambdachrome®

Rh Rhodamine

s.a. saturable absorber

271

Reference List

LC Lambdachrome®corresponds

No. Dye to

3300 BM-Terphenyl DMT

3400 PTP p-Terphenyl

3500 TMQ TMQ

3570 BMQ -

3590 DMQ -

3600 Butyl-PBD BPBD-365

3640 PBD PBD

3650 TMI -

3690 QUI -

3700 PPO PPO

3720 PPF -

3740 PQP p-Quaterphenyl

3780 BBD -

3800 Polyphenyl 1 -

3810 Polyphenyl 2 -

3860 BiBuQ BBQ

3900 Quinolon 390 LD 390

3950 a-NPO a-NPO

3990 Furan 2 -

4000 PBBO PBBO

4090 DPS DPS

4100 Stilbene 1 -

4150 BBO BBO

4200 Stilbene 3 Stilbene 420

4220 Carbostyryl 7 Carbostyryl 124

4230 POPOP POPOP

4240 Coumarin 4 Umbelliferon 47

4250 Bis-MSB Bis-MSB

4300 BBOT -

4350 Carbostyryl 3 Carbostyryl 165

4400 Coumarin 120 Coumarin 440

4500 Coumarin 2 Coumarin 450

4650 DASPI -

4660 Coumarin 466 LD 466, C1H

272

LC Lambdachrome®corresponds

No. Dye to

4700 Coumarin 47 Coumarin 460, Coumarin 1

4800 Coumarin 102 Coumarin 480

4810 Coumarin 152A Coumarin 481, Coumarin 35

4850 Coumarin 152 Coumarin 485

4900 Coumarin 151 Coumarin

4910 Coumarin 6H LD 490

5000 Coumarin 307 Coumarin 503

5010 Coumarin 500 Coumarin 500

5040 Coumarin 314 Coumarin 504

5100 Coumarin 510 Coumarin 510

5150 Coumarin 30 Coumarin 515

5210 Coumarin 334 Coumarin 521

5220 Coumarin 522 Coumarin 522

5280 DASBTI -

5350 Coumarin 7 Coumarin 535

5360 Brillant Sulfaflavine Brillant Sulfaflavin

5370 Coumarin 6 Coumarin 540

5400 Coumarin 153 Coumarin 540A

5410 DOCI DOC, NK 85

5460 DMETCI -

5520 Uranin Disodium Fluorescein

5530 Fluorescein 27 Fluorescein 548

5700 Rhodamine 110 Rhodamine 560

5750 Rhodamine 19 Rhodamine 575

5900 Rhodamine 6G Rhodamine 590

5901 Rhodamine 6G (Perchl.) Rhodamine 590 (Perchl.)

5920 DQOCI -

5950 DCI-2 -

6100 Rhodamine B Rhodamine 610

6101 Rhodamine B (Perchl.) Rhodamine 610 (Perchl.)

6200 Sulforhodamine B Kiton Red 620

6220 Malachit Green -

6250 DTCI NK 76

6290 DQTCI -

6400 Rhodamine 101 Rhodamine 640

6500 DCM DCM

273

LC Lambdachrome®corresponds

No. Dye to

6501 DCM-spec. -

6550 DODCI DODC-Iodide

6600 Sulforhodamine 101 Sulforhodamine 640

6700 Cresyl Violet Cresyl Violet 670

6900 Nile Blue Nile Blue 690

6950 Oxazine 4 LD 690

7000 Rhodamine 700 LD 700

7100 Pyridin 1 LDS 698

7210 Oxazine 170 Oxazine 720

7250 Oxazine 1 Oxazine 725

7260 DTDCI DTDC-Iodide, NK 136

7270 Oxazine 750 Oxazine 750

7300 Pyridin 2 LDS 722

7400 HIDCI Hexacyanine 2, NK 529

7500 Styryl 6 LDS 730

7550 Styryl 8 LDS 751

7700 DDI NK 1456

7710 Pyridin 4 -

7800 Methyl-DOTCI DMOTC-Iodide, NK 199

7880 DOTCI DEOTC-Iodide

7950 Styryl 11 LDS 798

8000 Rhodamine 800 -

8410 Styryl 9 (M) LDS 820 (821)

8500 HITCI Hexacyanine 3, NK 125

8630 IR 125 IR 125

8760 DTTCI DTTC-Iodide, NK 126

8800 IR 144 IR 144

8810 Styryl 15 -

8850 DNTTCI -

9300 DDCI-4 NK 1144

9310 IR 140 IR 140

9500 IR 132 IR 132

9940 Styryl 20 -

10600 IR 25 -

10800 IR 26 IR 26

10810 IR 26 (HFB) -

10900 IR 5 IR 5

274

Tuning Curves

Tuning curves of excimer-, nitrogen-, Nd:YAG-, and CW-laser pumped dye

lasers are shown on the following pages. Parameters given are defined as

follows:

Peak

Output maximum of the tuning curve, in nanometers.

Tuning Range

The tuning range is defined as the range, in nanometers, giving an efficiency

larger than 10 percent of the maximum. All tuning ranges are restricted to

broadband operation.

Efficiency

Dye laser output at the maximum of the tuning range relative to pump laser

input, in percent. Efficiency may change in other configurations or pump power

levels.

Pump Wavelength

Pump wavelength used in nanometers.

Solvent

BZ=Benzyl Alcohol, EG=Ethylene Glycol, CH=Cyclohexane, DI=Dioxane,

ME=Methanol, DMSO=Dimethylsulfoxide, PC=Propylene Carbonate.

Concentration

Amount of dye, in grams, for 1 liter stock solution. There is an optimum

concentration for a given dye, wavelength and input power. In case of continu-

ously pumped dye lasers this optimum concentration generally lies between 60

percent and 80 percent absorption of the pump power, and in the case of

transversally pumped pulsed dye lasers, at 99 percent absorption of the pump

energy within 1 millimeters of the dye solution. Higher concentration causes the

tuning curves to be shifted slightly to the red, while lower concentrations will

result in blue shift. Optimization of the dye concentration is accomplished by

adding either pure solvent or a solution of higher concentration than that

recommended to the solution in the dye circulation system, until optimum

power is at maximum.

275

Stability

The accumulated pump energy t, in Wh, causing a decrease in dye laser output

to 50 percent of the initial value for 1 liter dye solution (resp. 1 liter amplifier

solution in the case of excimer pumped dye laser), measured at 10 Hz. The

following classification has been used in the case of excimer laser pumped dye

lasers: -: τ 10-30 Wh, +: τ 30-50 Wh, ++: τ > 50 Wh. In the case of Nd:YAG-

pumped lasers: -: τ< 50Wh, +: τ 50-100 Wh, ++: τ 100-300 Wh, +++: τ >

300 Wh. The stability of dyes being continuously pumped is classified as: -: τ

< 100 Wh, +: τ 100-500Wh, ++: τ > 500 Wh.

General Remarks

The output power of dye lasers is strongly dependent on the quality of the dye

used. To overcome reduced quantum efficiency and instability due to impuri-

ties, Lambdachrome® laser dyes are examined by experienced chemist for their

chemical and spectral properties and purified by specially developed tech-

niques.

Lambda Physik reserves the right to modify any information given herein. Every

effort is made to ensure utmost accuracy; no liability, however, is assumed for

errors occurring. Nothing here is to be constructed as recommending any

practice or any product in violation of any patent.

Cautious handling of dyes and dye solutions is advised, since the exact toxicity

in most cases is not well known. The responsibility for the safe use of our

laser dyes must rest in all cases with the user.

276

Dyes for EXCIMER LASER Pumped Dye Lasers

277

Lambdachrome Dye Peak Tuning Effic. Pump Source Char.

Range Wavelength Energy Solvent Conc. Stability*

(nm) (nm) (%) (nm) (mJ) (g/l)

LC 3300 BM-Terphenyl 334 312-343 4 248 150 CH 0.50 -

LC 3400 p-Terphenyl 343 332-360 8 308 400 DI 0.24 +

LC 3590 DMQ 360 346-377 9 308 400 DI 0.23 ++

LC 3600 Butyl-PBD 363 356-385 5 308 400 DI 0.30 ++

LC 3690 QUI 390 368-402 11 308 400 DI 0.20 ++

LC 3800 Polyphenyl 1 381 363-408 12 308 400 EG 0.20 ++

LC 3860 BiBUQ 388 367-405 11 308 400 DI 0.25 ++

LC 3810 Polyphenyl 2 397 386-418 10 308 400 EG 0.25 +

LC 3990 Furan 2 399 388-426 8 308 400 ME 0.50 +

LC 4000 PBBO 396 386-420 7 308 400 DI 0.40 ++

LC 4090 DPS 406 399-415 11 308 400 DI 0.25 -

LC 4200 Stilbene 3 425 412-443 9 308 400 ME 0.65 -

LC 4400 Coumarin 120 441 423-462 15 308 400 ME 0.82 +

LC 4500 Coumarin 2 448 432-475 15 308 400 ME 1.50 +

LC 4700 Coumarin 47 456 440-484 18 308 400 ME 1.59 +

LC 4800 Coumarin 102 480 460-510 18 308 400 ME 2.30 +

LC 5000 Coumarin 307 500 479-553 16 308 400 ME 3.40 -

LC 5400 Coumarin 153 540 522-600 15 308 400 ME 4.20 ++

LC 5900 Rhodamine 6G 581 569-608 16 308 400 ME 1.20 +

LC 6100 Rhodamlne B 600 588-644 12 308 400 ME 0.91 +

LC 6400 Rhodamine 101 623 614-672 12 308 400 ME 0.75 -

LC 6500 DCM 658 632-690 12 308 400 DMSO 0.71 -

*Values are as follows: -: τ 10-30 Wh, +: τ 30-50 Wh, ++: τ >50 Wh

278

Dyes for EXCIMER LASER Pumped Dye Lasers (cont.)

Lambdachrome Dye Peak Tuning Effic. Pump Source Char.

Range Wavelength Energy Solvent Conc. Stability*

(nm) (nm) (%) (nm) (mJ) (g/l)

LC 7000 Rhodamine 700 723 701-768 11 308 400 ME 0.85 -

LC 7100 Pyridine 1 710 670-760 10 308 400 DMS0 0.84 ++

LC 7300 Pyridine 2 740 695-790 11 308 400 DMS0 0.72 +

LC 7710 Pyridine 4 771 744-812 7 308 400 DMS0 0.75 ++

LC 8000 Rhodamine 800 810 776-823 6 308 400 DMS0 1.00 +

LC 8400 Styryl 9 840 810-875 9 308 400 DMS0 1.10 -

LC 8500 HITCI 868 837-905 4 308 400 DMS0 1.20 -

LC 8810 Styryl 15 880 856-918 7 308 400 DMS0 1.15 -

LC 9210 IR125 920 890-960 4 308 400 DMS0 2.00 -

LC 9450 Styryl 14 945 904-992 9 308 400 DMS0 1.10 -

LC 9940 Styryl 20 994 970-1036 4 308 400 DMS0 1.10 -

*Values are as follows: -: τ 10-30 Wh, +: τ 30-50 Wh, ++: τ >50 Wh

279

Dyes for Nd:YAG LASER Pumped Dye Lasers

Lambdachrome Dye Peak Tuning Effic. Pump Pump Source Char.

Range geometry Wavelength Energy Solvent Conc. Stability**

(nm) (nm) (%) (nm) (mJ) (g/l)

LC 3900 Quinolon 390 390 384-394 4 transv. 355 200 ME 0.25 -

LC 3990 Furan 2 402 392-422 15 355 200 ME 0.50 +

LC 4260 Furan 1 421 410-435 10 355 200 ME 0.26 +

LC 4200 Stilbene 3 428 415-439 15 transv 355 200 ME 0.25 -

LC 4400 Coumarin 120 440 420-470 16 transv. 355 200 ME 0.25 +

LC 4700 Coumarin 47 460 444-476 15 transv 355 200 ME 0.30 +

LC 4800 Coumarin 102 480 462-497 15 transv 355 200 ME 0.40 +

LC 5000 Coumarin 307 508 485-546 15 transv 355 200 ME 0.70 -

LC 5100 Coumarin 500 518 498-546 10 355 200 ME 0.70 -

LC 5400 Coumarin 153 540 516-575 18 355 200 ME 2.36 +

LC 5530 Fluorescein 27 550 540-575 28 long. 532 200 ME 0.64 ++

LC 5750 Rhodamine 19 567 556-586 31 long. 532 200 ME 0.22 +++

LC 5900 Rhodamine 6G 566 555-585 32 long. 532 200 ME 0.10 +++

LC 6100 Rhodamine B 594 584-619 29 long. 532 200 ME 0.22 +++

LC 6200 Sulforhodamine B 588 579-600 29 long. 532 200 ME 0.27 ++

LC 6400 Rhodamine 101 621 611-662 26 long. 532 200 ME 0.50 ++

LC 6600 Sulforhodamine101 628 619-673 15 long. 532 200 PC 0.30 ++

LC 6500 DCM 639 615-666 27 long. 532 200 PC 0.50 ++

LC 7100 Pyridine l 697 667-736 32 transv 532 200 PC 0.36 +++

LC 7300 Pyridine 2 750 725-776 21 532 200 PC 0.22 +++

**Values are as follows: -: τ <50, =: τ 50-100 Wh, ++: τ 100-300 Wh, +++: τ >300Wh

280

Dyes for Nd:YAG LASER Pumped Dye Lasers (cont.)

Lambdachrome Dye Peak Tuning Effic. Pump Pump Source Char.

Range geometry Wavelength Energy Solvent Conc. Stability**

(nm) (nm) (%) (nm) (mJ) (g/l)

LC 7500 Styryl 6 721 708-735 16 532 200 PC 0.28 ++

LC 7600 Styryl 7 720 701-749 16 transv 532 200 ME 0.12 +++

LC 7550 Styryl 8 750 717-780 13 transv. 532 200 ME 0.15 +++

LC 8400 Styryl 9M 824 797-851 15 transv. 532 200 PC 0.26 ++

LC 8810 Styryl 15 880 856-918 7 532 200 PC 0.62 ++

LC 9450 Styryl 14 945 904-990 9 532 200 PC 0.27 ++

LC 9940 Styryl 20 994 970-1036 4 532 200 PC 0.68 ++

**Values are as follows: -: τ <50, =: τ 50-100 Wh, ++: τ 100-300 Wh, +++: τ >300Wh

281

Dyes for NITROGEN LASER Pumped Dye Lasers

Tuning Rel.

Lambdachrome Dye Peak Range Efficiency Solvent Concentration

(nm) (nm) (g/l)

LC 3600 Butyl-PBD 362 356-390 0.12 Dl 1.60

LC 3690 QUI 387 372-412 0.43 DI 0.52

LC 3860 BiBuQ 383 364-405 0.41 Dl 0.60

LC 4000 PBBO 395 385-420 033 Dl 0.15

282

Tuning Rel.

Lambdachrome Dye Peak Range Efficiency Solvent Concentration

(nm) (nm) (g/l)

LC 4090 DPS 404 394-416 0.43 DI 0.12

LC 4100 Stilbene l 417 405-446 0.49 EG 0.20

LC 4200 Stilbene 3 424 408-457 0.66 ME 0.22

LC 4250 Bis-MSB 421 412-435 0.59 Dl 0.14

LC 4400 Coumarin 120 438 418-465 0.83 ME 0.25

LC 4500 Coumarin 2 444 426-475 0.94 ME 0.40

LC 4700 Coumarin 47 453 436-486 0.95 ME 0.66

LC 4800 Coumarin 102 470 454-506 1.00 ME 1.44

LC 5000 Coumarin 307 504 478-547 1.00 ME 1.60

LC 5400 Coumarin 153 537 517-590 0.87 ME 3.10

LC 5900 Rhodamine 6G 581 573-618 0.93 ME 1.63

LC 6100 Rhodamine B 622 600-646 0.91 ME 2.85

LC 6200 Sulforhodamine B 622 600-646 0.91 ME 2.85

LC 6400 Rhodamine 101 648 623-676 0.82 ME 2.36

LC 6500 DCM 659 626-703 0.69 DMSO 0.50

LC 7100 Pyridine l 703 675-750 0.78 DMSO 0.88

LC 7210 Oxazine 170 705 672-727 0.35 ME 0.79

LC 7300 Pyridine 2 743 710-790 1.00 DMSO 0.85

LC 7800 Methyl-DOTC 780 768-820 0.86 DMSO 0.51

LC 7880 DOTC/HITC 823 794-867 0.74 DMSO 1.23/0.03

LC 8400 Styryl 9 840 803-875 1.00 DMSO 1.03

LC 8760 DTTC/IR 144 871 859-886 0.18 DMSO 0.65/2.52

LC 8800 IR 144/IR 125 887 872-935 0.14 DMSO 2.52/1.94

LC 9210 IR 125 918 893-958 0.21 DMSO 1.94

LC 9301 IR 140 910 900-963 0.11 DMSO 0.78

283

Dyes for ION LASER Pumped Dye Lasers

284

Lambdachrome Dye Peak Tuning Pump source char. Power SoLCent Conc. Stability***

Range Wavelength

(nm) (nm) (nm) (W) (g/l)

LC 3810 Polyphenyl 2 384 370-406 Ar+, UV, 300-336nm 2.0 EG 2.0 +

LC 4100 Stilbene 1 415 403-428 Ar+, all lines UV 3.0 EG 0.75 +

LC 4200 Stilbene 3 435 410-485 Ar+, all lines UV 5.0 EG 1.0 +

LC 4800 Coumarin 102 482 463-515 Ar+, UV, 350-386nm 3.0 BZ/EG 2.0

LC 5370 Coumarin. 6 535 510-550 Ar+, 488 nm 6.0 BZ 2.0 +

LC 5700 Rhodamine 110 550 530-580 Ar+, 514.5 nm 6.0 EG 0.75 +

LC 5900 Rhodamine 6G 575 560-625 Ar+, 514.5 nm 6.0 EG 0.75 ++

LC 6200 Sulforhodamine B 625 598-650 Ar+, 514.5 nm 6.0 EG 2.5 ++

LC 6500 DCM Special 645 610-695 Ar+, 514.5 nm 6.0 BZ/EG 2.0 +

LC 7000 Rhodamine 700 740 690-785 Kr+, all lines red 4.6 EG 1.0 ++

LC 7300 Pyridine 2 720 675-783 Ar+, 514.5 nm 7.5 PC/EG 1.5 ++

LC 8400 Styryl 9 830 785-900 Ar+, 514.5 nm 6.0 PC/EG 2.0 +

***Vaules are as follows: -: τ <100 Wh, +: τ 100-500 Wh, ++: τ >500 Wh

F LC 7500 Lamdachrome Laser Dyes

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