Introduction To The AT89LP51RC2 Microcontroller Lecture AT89 Instructions

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Introduction to the

AT89LP51RC2 Microcontroller

Dr. Jesús Calviño-Fraga P.Eng.

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UBC

Office: KAIS 3024

E-mail: jesusc@ece.ubc.ca

Phone: (604)-827-5387

University of British Columbia

Electrical and Computer Engineering

ELEC291/ELEC292

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Objectives

• Introduction to the AT89LP51RC2

microcontroller.

• Introduction to the 8051 instruction set.

• Understand how an assembler compiler is used

and the files it generates.

• Calculate machine code execution time.

• Assemble a bread boarded AT89LP51RC2

microcontroller with LCD.

• Write, compile, download, and run programs into

the AT89LP51RC2/LCD microcontroller system.

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AT89LP51RC2

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AT89LP51RC2

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AT89LP51RC2

Somewhere in the Datasheet it says that it can run

at up to 24 MHz, that is why I selected a

22.1184MHz crystal.

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AT89LP51RC2 Features

• Industry standard. The 8051 is still a very common

processor.

• Very similar to original 8051/8052 from the 1980’s. Uses

the well know 8051 instruction set. Can be made

backward compatible.

• DIP! Easy to breadboard.

• 34 I/O pins. Also lots of useful peripherals.

• External memory interface. Rare nowadays.

• Lots of tools and resources.

• Not too complicated. User manual is “only” 254 pages.

• 1.7732 CA$ each in quantities of 100.

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AT89LP51RC2 Draw Backs

• The built-in ADC (Analog to Digital

Converter) is atrocious! Useless for

ELEC291/292. We will be using an

external ADC.

• 8-bit processor. Well, this is an advantage

sometimes!

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AT89LP51RC2 Pin Out

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AT89LP51RC2 block diagram

Figure taken from

AT89LP51RC2 user

manual

Warning: it uses

different

instructions to

access the different

memory spaces!

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Assembling the AT89LP51RC2 Basic

System. Using Boot Loader only.

AT89LP51RC2

POL (31)

GND (20)

VCC (40)

5V

XTAL2 (18)

XTAL1 (19)

P4.5 (29)

Boot

22.1148MHz

BO230XS

VCC Out

5V

GND

TXD (10) RXD

(11) TXD

RXD

Reset

(9) RST#

USB

Advantages: Fewer wires, more I/O,

works on Windows, Linux, and Macs

5V

0.1µF

5V

0.1µF

5V

330Ω

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Assembling the AT89LP51RC2 ISP

System. Using SPI or Boot Loader.

SPI-ISP Advantages: Faster programming

times, fast mode configuration, NO need to

press buttons to start programming.

AT89LP51RC2

POL (31)

GND (20)

VCC (40)

5V

XTAL2 (18)

XTAL1 (19)

P4.5 (29)

Boot

22.1148MHz

BO230XS

VCC Out

5V

GND

TXD (10) RXD

(11) TXD

RXD

Reset

(9) RST#

USB

5V

330Ω

(6) MOSI

(7) MISO

(8) SCK

CBUS3

RTS

5V

0.1µF

5V

0.1µF

Note: CBUS3 is pin

6 of J3 in BO230XS

CTS (5) SS

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BO230XS J3 and J1 Pins

CBUS36

CBUS05

CBUS14

GND3

CBUS22

VCC1

NamePIN

J3

RTS6

TXD5

RXD4

GND3

CTS2

VCC1

NamePIN

J1

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BOM (Bill of Materials)

Push button switch2

AT89LP51RC2 IC 80C51 MCU 32K

FLASH 40-DIP

1

BO230XS serial USB adapter1

22.1184MHZ Crystal1

LED 5MM GREEN1

330Ωresistor1

0.1uF capacitors2

DescriptionQuantity

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Assembling the AT89LP51RC2

System

Wire length: 4

means 4 x 0.1

inches. 0.1

inches is the

distance

between

adjacent holes in

the breadboard.

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Assembling the AT89LP51RC2

System

It should take about 30 minutes!

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Assembling the AT89LP51RC2

System

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BO230XS

• Very simple circuit that allows to connect to

many different types of microcontrollers.

• Adds serial port connection to computer via

USB.

• Allows for In System Programming (ISP) for

many microcontrollers. Some examples: The

whole AT89LP family from Atmel/Microchip, The

C8051/EFM8 family from Silabs, Some STM32F

ARMs from ST Microelectronics, the LPC824

ARM from NXP, all PIC32MX from Microchip,

the ATMega328 (and other members of the

family) from Atmel/Microchip, and some

MSP430 from Texas Instruments.

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Add LED/Resistor to P3.7

AT89LP51RC2

330Ω

P3.7

VCC=5V

5 1.8

10

330

LED

V V

I mA

−

= ≈

Ω

LED turns-on

with logic zero.

LED voltage drop

@ 10mA (approx):

IR=1.4V

Red=1.8V

Yellow=1.9V

Green=2.0V

Blue=2.9V

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; Blinky.asm: toggles an LED attached to pin 17 (P3.7)

$MODLP51

org 0000H

ljmp myprogram

; When using a 22.1184MHz crystal in fast mode

; one cycle takes 1.0/22.1184MHz = 45.21123 ns

WaitHalfSec:

mov R2, #89

L3: mov R1, #250

L2: mov R0, #166

L1: djnz R0, L1 ; 3 cycles->3*45.21123ns*166=22.51519us

djnz R1, L2 ; 22.51519us*250=5.629ms

djnz R2, L3 ; 5.629ms*89=0.5s (approximately)

ret

myprogram:

mov SP, #7FH

M0:

cpl P3.7

lcall WaitHalfSec

sjmp M0

END

Blinky

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Compile “Blinky.asm” and flash

“Blinky.hex”.

• Download and install CrossIDE from the course

web page.

• Start CrossIDE and create a new assembly file.

copy and paste the code from previous slides.

Save as “Blinky.asm”.

• Click Build->ASM51. Click the “Browse” button

beside “Complete path of assembler” and select

a51.exe from the “Call51\bin” folder where you

installed CrossIDE. Then press “Ok”.

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Flash and run into the AT89LP51RC2

using Boot Loader

• While pressing button “BOOT”, press and

release button “RESET”.

• On Crosside, click “fLash”->”Atmel 89LP

Bootloader”. Make sure the file “Blinky.hex” is

selected. Also make sure that the “Port” box is

set to the USB port # assigned to the BO230XS.

Click the “Flash” button and wait until it finishes.

• Press and release “RESET”. The program starts

running!

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Flash and run into the

AT89LP51RC2 using SPI-ISP

• On Crosside, click “fLash”->”Atmel 89LP

Using SPI”. Make sure the file

“Blinky.hex” is selected. Click the “Flash”

button and wait until it finishes. Done!

(Works only on Windows)

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Summary: Blinky

• To run “Blinky” in the AT89LP51RC2 we

need to complete the following steps:

1. Assemble the AT89LP51RC2

Microcontroller system in a bread board.

Attach LED to P3.7. (Or any other available

pin, just change the code!)

2. Edit and Compile “Blinky.asm”.

3. Flash and run “Blinky.hex” into the

AT89LP51RC2 processor.

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8051 Instruction Set

1. Arithmetic Operations

2. Logical Operations

3. Data Transfer

4. Boolean Variable Manipulation

5. Program Branching and Machine Control

WARNING: I did my best to change the number of cycles per instruction

to the actual values for the AT89LP51RC2, but there may be errors. The

ultimate reference is the AT89LP51RC2 user manual!

Note: not showing AT89LP51RC2 extended instructions.

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Arithmetic Operations (ADD)

FunctionCBOpcodeMnemonic

(A) = (A) + (Rn) 1128H-2FHADD A, Rn

(A) = (A) + (C) + #data 2234HADDC A,#data

(A) = (A) + (C) + ((Ri)) 2136H-37HADDC A, @Ri

(A) = (A) + (C) + (direct) 2235HADDC A, direct

(A) = (A) + (C) + (Rn) 1138H-3FHADDC A, Rn

(A) = (A) + #data 2224HADD A, #data

(A) = (A) + ((Ri)) 2126H-27HADD A, @Ri

(A) = (A) + (direct) 2225HADD A, direct

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Arithmetic Operations (SUB)

(A) = (A) - (C) - (Rn) 1198H-9FHSUBB A, Rn

FunctionCBOpcodeMnemonic

(A) = (A) - (C) - (direct) 2295HSUBB A, direct

(A) = (A) - (C) - #data 2294HSUBB A, #data

(A) = (A) - (C) - ((Ri)) 2196H-97HSUBB A, @Ri

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Arithmetic Operations (INC)

FunctionCBOpcodeMnemonic

(A) = (A) + 1 1104HINC A

(DPTR) = (DPTR) + 1 21A3HINC DPTR

((Ri)) = ((Ri)) + 1 2106H-07HINC @Ri

(direct) = (direct) + 1 2205HINC direct

(Rn) = (Rn) + 1 1108H-0FHINC Rn

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Arithmetic Operations (DEC)

FunctionCBOpcodeMnemonic

(A) = (A) - 1 1114HDEC A

((Ri)) = ((Ri)) - 1 2116H-17HDEC @Ri

(direct) = (direct) -1 2215HDEC direct

(Rn) = (Rn) - 1 1118H-1FHDEC Rn

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Arithmetic Operations (Other)

FunctionCBOpcodeMnemonic

(B15–8 ), (A7–0 ) = (A) x (B)21A4HMUL AB

Converts (A) to BCD11D4HDA A

(B15–8 ), (A7–0 ) = (A) / (B)4184HDIV AB

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Logic Operations (AND)

FunctionCBOpcodeMnemonic

(A) = (A) AND (Rn) 1158H-5FHANL A, Rn

(direct) = (direct) AND #data 3353HANL direct,

#data

(direct) = (direct) AND A 2252HANL direct, A

(A) = (A) AND #data 2254HANL A, #data

(A) = (A) AND ((Ri)) 2156H-57HANL A, @Ri

(A) = (A) AND (direct) 2255HANL A, direct

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Logic Operations (OR)

FunctionCBOpcodeMnemonic

(A) = (A) OR (Rn) 1148H-4FHORL A, Rn

(direct) = (direct) OR #data 3343HORL direct,

#data

(direct) = (direct) OR (A) 2242HORL direct, A

(A) = (A) OR #data 2244HORL A, #data

(A) = (A) OR ((Ri)) 2146H-47HORL A, @Ri

(A) = (A) OR (direct) 2245HORL A, direct

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Logic Operations (XOR)

FunctionCBOpcodeMnemonic

(A) = (A) XOR (Rn) 1168H-6FHXRL A, Rn

(direct) = (direct) XOR #data 3363HXRL direct,

#data

(direct) = (direct) XOR (A) 2262HXRL direct, A

(direct) = (A) XOR #data 2264HXRL A, #data

(A) = (A) XOR ((Ri)) 2166H-67HXRL A, @ Ri

(A) = (A) XOR (direct) 2265HXRL A, direct

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Logic Operations (Other)

Rotate (A) Right Through Carry1113HRRC A

(A3-0 ) ↔(A7-4 ) 11C4HSWAP A

FunctionCBOpcodeMnemonic

(A) = 0 11E4HCLR A

Rotate (A) Right1103HRR A

Rotate (A) Left Through Carry1133HRLC A

Rotate (A) Left1123HRL A

(A) = (A’) 11F4HCPL A

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Data Transfer (MOV 1 of 3)

(direct) = (A) 22F5HMOV direct, A

(Rn) = #data 2278H-7FHMOV Rn, #data

(Rn) = (direct) 22A8H-AFHMOV Rn, direct

(direct) = (Rn) 2288H-8FHMOV direct, Rn

FunctionCBOpcodeMnemonic

(A) = (Rn) 11E8H-EFHMOV A, Rn

(Rn) = (A) 11F8H-FFHMOV Rn, A

(A) = #data 2274HMOV A, #data

(A) = ((Ri)) 11E6H-E7HMOV A, @Ri

(A) = (direct) 22E5HMOV A, direct

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Data Transfer (MOV 2 of 3)

(A) = ((A) + (DPTR)) 3193HMOVC A, @A +

DPTR

(DPTR) = #data15-0 (DPH) =

#data15-8 (DPL) = #data7-0

3390HMOV DPTR,

#data16

((Ri)) = #data 2276H-77HMOV @Ri, #data

FunctionCBOpcodeMnemonic

(direct1) = (direct2) (source)

(destination)

3385HMOV direct1,

direct2

((Ri)) = (direct) 22A6H-A7HMOV @Ri, direct

((Ri)) = A 11F6H-F7HMOV @Ri, A

(direct) = #data 3375HMOV direct,

#data

(direct) = ((Ri)) 2286H-87HMOV direct, @Ri

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Data Transfer (MOV 3 of 3)

FunctionCBOpcodeMnemonic

(A) = ((A) + (PC)) 4183HMOVC A, @A +

PC

((DPTR)) = (A) 11F0HMOVX

@DPTR,A

((Ri)) = (A) 11F2H-F3HMOVX @Ri, A

(A) = ((DPTR)) 21E0HMOVX A,

@DPTR

(A) = ((Ri)) 21E2H-E3HMOVX A, @Ri

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Data Transfer (Other)

(A3-0) = ((Ri3-0 )) 21D6H-D7HXCHD A, @Ri

FunctionCBOpcodeMnemonic

(SP) = (SP) + 1 ((SP)) = (direct) 22C0HPUSH direct

(A) = ((Ri)) 21C6H-C7HXCHA, @Ri

(A) = (direct) 22C5HXCHA, direct

(A) = (Rn) 11C8H-CFHXCHA, Rn

(direct) = ((SP)) (SP) = (SP) - 1 22D0HPOP direct

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explicit written permission from the copyright owner.

Boolean Variable Manipulation

(C) = (C) OR (bit’) 22A0HORL C, bit’

(C) = (bit) 22A2HMOV C, bit

(C) = (C) AND (bit’) 22B0HANL C, bit’

(C) = (C) OR (bit) 2272HORL C, bit

(bit) = (C) 2292HMOV bit, C

(C) = (C) AND (bit) 2282HANL C, bit

(bit) = (bit) 22B2HCPL bit

FunctionCBOpcodeMnemonic

(C) = 0 11C3HCLR C

(C) = (C) 11B3HCPL C

(bit) = 1 22D2HSETB bit

(C) = 1 11D3HSETB C

(bit) = 0 22C2HCLR bit

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Program Branching (1 of 3)

(PC) = (A) + (DPTR) 2173HJMP @A +

DPTR

(PC) = (PC) + 2 (PC) = (PC) +

rel

3280HSJMP rel

(PC) = addr15-0 4302HLJMP addr 16

FunctionCBOpcodeMnemonic

(PC) = (PC) + 2 (PC10-0 ) =

page address

32AAA10001ACALL addr 11

(PC) = (PC) + 2 (PC10-0 ) =

page address

32AAA00001AJMP addr 11

Return from interrupt4132HRETI

Return from ACALL/CALL4122HRET

(PC) = addr15-0 4312HLCALL addr 16

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Program Branching (2 of 3)

(PC) = (PC) + 3 IF (bit) = 1 THEN

(bit) = 0 and (PC) = (PC) + rel

3/4310HJBC bit, rel

(PC) = (PC) + 3 IF (bit) = 0

THEN (PC) = (PC) + rel

3/4330HJNB bit, rel

FunctionCBOpcodeMnemonic

(PC) = (PC) + 2 IF (A) = 0 THEN

(PC) = (PC) + rel

2/3260HJZ rel

(PC) = (PC) + 3 IF (bit) = 1

THEN (PC) = (PC) + rel

3/4320HJB bit, rel

(PC) = (PC) + 2 IF (C) ≠0 THEN

(PC) = (PC) + rel

2/3250HJNC rel

(PC) = (PC) + 2 IF (C) = 1 THEN

(PC) = (PC) + rel

2/3240HJC rel

(PC) = (PC) + 2 IF (A) ≠0 THEN

(PC) = (PC) + rel

2/3270HJNZ rel

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Program Branching (3 of 3)

(PC) = (PC) + 1 1100HNOP

Decrement and Jump if not zero43D5HDJNZ direct,rel

FunctionCBOpcodeMnemonic

Compare and jump if not equal

rel

43B5HCJNE A, direct,

rel

Decrement and Jump if not zero33D8H-DFHDJNZ Rn, rel

Compare and jump if not equal

rel

43B6H-B7HCJNE @Ri,

#data, rel

Compare and jump if not equal

rel

43B8H-BFHCJNE Rn, #data,

rel

Compare and jump if not equal

rel

43B4HCJNE A, #data,

rel

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The 8051 Assembly Language

Instruction

•An Assembly language instruction consists of four

fields:

[label : ] mnemonic [operands] [;comment]

•Examples:

L1: MOV A, #’*’ ; Load Acc with ASCII for ‘*’

NOP

; We can just have comments!

L3: ; We can also place labels anywhere

DJNZ R0, L3

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Writing and compiling an 8051

assembly language program

EDITOR

ASSEMBLER

myfile.asm

myfile.lst

myfile.hex

Microcontroller chip

or soft-processor

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AT89LP51RC2 Block Diagram

Internal

Interrupts

8-bit bus

CPU

Oscillator

Interrupt

Control

32k FLASH

ROM 1152 bytes

XRAM

256 bytes

RAM

Timer 2

Timer 1

Timer 0

BUS

CONTROL 5 I/O

PORTS

SERIAL

PORT

P

0

P

1

P

2

P

3

P

4

TXD RXD

External

Interrupts

MOVXMOVMOVC

Notice the different

instructions to

access the different

memory spaces!

(Simplified)

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Adding an LCD

(2)

P1.1

(3)

P1.2

(4)

P1.3

AT89LP51RC2

(12)

P3.2

(13)

P3.3

(14)

P3.4

(15)

P3.5

VSS (1)

VDD (2)

V0 (3)

RS (4)

RW (5)

E (6)

D0 (7)

D1 (8)

D2 (9) LCD

D3 (10)

D4 (11)

D5 (12)

D6 (13)

D7 (14)

A (15)

K (16)

5V

2k

• Example configures

LCD in 4-bit mode.

Saves pins and wires!

• Standard Hitachi

HD44780 controller

• Pin assignments

arbitrary, but source

code must match

wiring

•Pins 7, 8, 9, 10, 15,

16 not connected.

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Soldering Wires to LCD

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AT89LP51RC2/LCD

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Lab 1 Demo

• ‘LCD_test_4bit.asm’: this a test program for the

AT89LP51RC2/LCD with the pins as shown in

previous slides. Test program prints ‘A’ in

column 1 of row 1, and ‘B’ in column 3 of row 2.

• Write your name (or a short version of it!) on row

1. Write your student number in row 2.

• Add extra functionality/features for extra marks.

• This lab could take you a long time to complete.

Start early!

• Be as neat as possible. You’ll be using the

AT89LP51RC2/LCD system for the next three

weeks!

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Save your ICs!

• Integrated circuits (ICs) are delicate

devices that can be damaged easily by:

– Applying an inappropriate voltage.

– Connecting live signals to the IC when not

power up.

– Electrostatic discharges. This happens

frequently!

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Chairs Available in labs

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Electrostatic Discharges and The

Blue/Gray Chairs of Death!

• Some of the chairs in MCLD labs are blue/gray.

• The blue/gray chairs are NOT really designed

for an electronics lab use: they don’t dissipate

electrostatic charge. The black foamy chairs

are designed for lab use: they dissipate

electrostatic charge.

• If you are wearing a sweater, the air is dry, and

you are seating in a blue chair you will likely get

charged. If you discharge through your circuit it

may permanently damage the ICs. Solution:

before touching your circuit, touch the grounded

metal rack in the work bench.

Introduction To The AT89LP51RC2 Microcontroller Lecture AT89 Instructions

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