M 1350_Operational_Procedure_on_the_Whirlwind_Computer_Dec51 1350 Operational Procedure On The Whirlwind Computer Dec51
M-1350_Operational_Procedure_on_the_Whirlwind_Computer_Dec51 M-1350_Operational_Procedure_on_the_Whirlwind_Computer_Dec51
User Manual: M-1350_Operational_Procedure_on_the_Whirlwind_Computer_Dec51
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Digi
";;nl Gcm)?u:toI' Laho:cD.·tory
];!2.813a.(~htU!o'(;'i;n
InB·:,;:l'!.iir;~o
of
Tc()hnc.lo&"'Y
CamhZ'idgo;;
HO
..
t!
seo!luc0..'c"b9
SUBJECT
~
OFERA'l'IONAL
PROCEDURE
ON
THE
WHIRLWIND
COMP1JI'EH
To & Tho
Mo.tI18111E':bicG
Group
Do.te a
Dsoembol"
10"
1951
Abf:rlirnot:: Because
of
tho
ev0l"'
....
inol"0aoing
numbol"
of
pTogrmna
being
op::n.'o.;bod:.;
cbV/i
it
haa
beon
nOCe30s.:~y
to
ohanp.':e
th0
nroceduT(,)
o:?
()'lJc~Q:h;_:ng
progt'"e~
on
thE>
COlupu:G0r
0
This
itl
'bho f!ooond
in
a Dc:r:lc3
elf
t;!Jl~eO
~:r;omCl!:"~.nclUlilfJ
'nhioh
oxplo.in
tho
gonere.l
prooodurfJ
:1'"01."
pllt:-Ging
Pl'Ogl"alllO
on
"t.hr:.~
oomputel"0
In
tho
past
yeax"
o~
oOmpl'l"G6Id
opol's.tion
0.
greQ:b
deal
o.f
<;'i:::p3l"'ionoo
haG
boon
gained
'i?n.:th
regard
to
tho
method
of
o~ara:ting
unO.
·ti,?ouble<>lIshooting
progrc.un.s
c,
One
of
'hho
first
things
0
..
pr'ogl"ruIllnal"
oPould
~ealiza
is
'bhtS1"1:;
"t:;h.o
proba.bility
of
a
program
performing
oOl"rao'i;ly
dUl"ing
i~Gn
i'iro"(j
opore:bion
is
very
smallo
1'110
roa.oon
£01"
.'c.ihio
is
usually
duf.:)
'to
-bhe
nogligence
of
·t:iho
progi"sruner Q
In
hiG
attemp'c
to
check
the
uhole
pl~og:I::·o.m,
hio
e:ttentiol1
will
mainly
b~
dirootsd
~Goi:~"ard
hi:)
logic
and
hie
nuu1.)l"ioal
mc-:;hodo
If
a.nd
\lm.ell
h.e
ohooko
for
tho
poooibility
of
v
..
mis'celco
arising
from-
~s.r1.OUD
15~t"GIQ)
cVO:~:"c:~
sighto,l)
f-rom
tho
copying
from
tho
work
ohaot
01"
from
e
misunc101~:YGanding
oi~
·bhe
e:'4~ot
funotion
of:
0.
comput~r
op3X'a-bion, ·the
prog:-ru.T1
'7111 hnvG
beoomr.:J
DO
subjec"t;:i..vo
to
him
that
o.ny
suoh
mio
...
.;a.kofl
will
uOUDJ.l;~t
1,)0
u.ndotoc~odo
I.n
addi..I~ion
to
thio
obl3taol'3
-hOO
OOOUi'&"ence
of
a
mistako
iil
typing
OJ."
of
E>.
tape
equipment
m~.lfunc'bion
is
pooDi
bIe!,
e.nd
Inst
(but
not
loo.c.rt
from
S01m;
progrrumner
17
0
poin~
of
via't1) ·thol"O
io
the
slight
poafJibil:i.~!
of
Q
trrulsient
l1l9lfuncrbion
oocurring
during
oom.putor
operationo
Bacau:Jo
of
the
lfltt0l<>
i"e
is
fOl·tuna.te
"that
Vfhil"lnind
laoko
"bhe"
ht.r.m.S.n
property
of
baing
s0nait:l
ve
to
i!Wul
ts
0 Suopec.."ving
the
computer
of
mQl~lrunotiono
io
in
:l
t2Jelf
nO"G
'(;0
be
frowned
upon"
B".x'G
"'co
!loouna i'b
of
inoorreotly
porfol"'ming
\'d
thou-'I,i
ouffioit3nt
0'videnoe
in
analogouo
to
aocusing
a
mirror
of
rofleo'i:;:lng
0.
i'alsa
imr;!.ge
0
r·t;·
is
now
the
oonfirn:.od
opin:lon
0
f'
those
experienced
ni
i;h
oomptrbel<>
opa:ro.t~.on
that
e.
suooessful
pI·ograII!Uar
io
on~
who
quietly
accspta
notioo
of
an
alD.1'1Il
and
m.othodi,oe~ly
inv0(3"tiigo;t:;es
tho
informa.tion·
producod
by
th3
a.lru.~o
'1
1
h(!)o!)
ohould. he
disoover.
a.
blundor,
110
io
Daved
'blw
humility
of
udve:r-biGing
i'c
tlu-oughout
"bhe
labol"o.tory
a.t'ld
should
he
eliminate
all
pOfloibili·t:leo
of
So
porsono..l mis'bake
and
produoe
conolusive
evidanoo
of
·vlher·!>
the
maohin9
mnl=
funotion
did
ocotU~~
h$
ic
not
only
an
offioient
programmor
but
a
capable
troublo-sheotor
or
uhom
thoro
oannot ba
too
manyo
Although
i~
U'ould seem
that
t?
programmar ahou.1d
double
hiG
ef£or"iiB
in
o}-l..ocking
his
progrClll
bafore
ita
ini·i:;ia.l
operation:}
this
:1.0
:no·t 'boo
casoo
Trup!) Iw
should
bo
reasonably
oonfident
or
i'bs
working;
bt1.t
to
71G.stc
~birr~
'"
Ij,';':":v
ob:.Jcklllg
m:;.d
1"()cl;:;ol::~,,~Q3
is
aOll::Z~'lJ:.'"ilO
\:;l!Dll
ono
cOi.l9idura
i;110
PU}."1!"'DFJ0
02
"(;ho
eom)?u~o!"
1.1
r"i;
\'Ih'1S'
buil't;
-(jo
oOj;"vn!l
l:L(Y(' -;;0
bo
no::::
o
·i1oc.1"
H:i:~(jb.
·t;his
~.Yl
m5.l:1.d
c:o.d
w!'bh
c\
ff:"~ol"
~mcnr.rG
of
po.tioncn:J
one
co.U
gi"\TJ
tb:,.;)
computer
110'(; 0;:.0,,;]
'~ho
"Gr~~lJk
or
GolV'iY.1(;
l:'i::;
:l'.1.'.r'J.:)rioo..l
problem
bub
r~l(3o
'GIla
OhOi~O
of'
-(;r.-oublc'·'::ll~otillg
'i;b!) 8l:·l"OZ'(3
in
hie
pj;"Og~·t\111o
TIO'ilO'.?Ol'":i
like
"(;110
fOl)D.G!o~!I
-;jl\f)
J.o."C'tiOi<;"
r.rl1ouJ.d
bo
'~~Jc:;.;~:i..1.~tio
o..nd
Ol"gEtn:tZ9do
OnJ uhou:td
dooido
't'~"hut
Cl"l"Oi"
diQgr.oi:rG~,G
:}.';:iQ.
ir:s
JJ.8G\.J~;::m"y
ol'l.1y
o.f"4.;o1"
0.
ouffioiont
cmolmt
o:r'
lu-Goll:1gou":.i
iuvootiga"~;:I.:~il
hc.-::
b~01'1
mudo
o
When
'Gha
compu-bel-
uo.o
f-ll'~"b
nJl.'.do
aw.ilablo
to
"(;110
c.ppl:toe:hiono
gl"oup, oo.oh
progt'e.mm.Gr
OpOl"edi€ld
hio
oun
progl"emo
When
alal:'m3
OOO\U'z'ocJ.
it
was
oommon 'bo
Gee
tho
oomputsI'
01
ii
id10
fOl'"
loxgo
pet'iodo
or
timo
\'1hilG
'b11.o
progrl?JnID.91~
doopero;boly
triad
to
guano nlw.t
tho
u·oubl0
'\70.·30
Uounlly
no
'liould randomly
o=~Olllin0
tho
contento
of
como
storago
reg1.stora
or
opsra.te
"'~ha
comput~r
in
an
nordor-by-ol~dol·n
fuohion
to
trace
tho
p~th
of
oon:\jrolo
.No·t
infrequ.ently
0. ul"'ong
button
proooed
or
n [.t1i:Goh
fOl"go'bton
9
undo~o
·t;ho
pl"OnOUl"lO
of
tho
moment,
rooultod
in
dost-ruction
of
tho
oymP"GomrJ
1.10
··;JC\O
.
trying
to
dio.gnoooo
11Jlo
tr.:ljority
or
thooo
oituaJ'Giona
ondod
With
tho
no::lrti
pro
gr
emma
1·
:J
his
pat:toD.CO
El:li
an
end~
dClIl!luding
hiD
tul"n
and
"tho
wooful
'
pro
co
grruumer,
still
puzzlec.111
roturning
to
hiD ofi"liooo
Surpriflingly
enough,
hou
......
ovor~
ho
wao
no-b
puzzled
too
long
nftcr
0..
systema.tio
study
of
tho
o.ln..-m
ini'oI'ID.8.tiono
In
aome
Oo.S00
't7hon
"hhroo
or
foUl"
6UC00fJO:J."V'O
ho\.U"o
of
computt:l!.,>l
timo
VIora
t\vaile.blo"
tho
pl.·ogl1>~-umel·
''lUS
ublo
·~o
l·OOp~l·O:t;0
"j;ho
progrc!ll,9.
o::omine
e.
fO'r1
opoo:tfio
rog1o'litn:w
o!t
m.aka
the
U900000ry
tood:1.fioa:bioDD!) o,nd
OUOOGoofully
OpOl~ate
hiD
progrcmn Howowr!) 011
those
r.ru.mua.l
o:r.runi~.~biolln
and
modifioetiono
'boole
voluablE>
·i;irn.o
o.nd oa.usod muoh unnocoooa.ry s"ta"cdn
on
"uhe
part
of
tha
progromm.cl"o·
Today"
by
monno
of
opaoic.l
Pl"'Ogramo
(po
at
mor"bens)
5)
it
io
pOBsibl0
to
obtai.n
printod
l-ocorda
of
the
contento
of
any ooo'bion
of
storage
reg:Lotolo
in
one
of
the
fivo
di.i'foTo.nt
£01'"1110
in
uhich
0.
nord
is
nol'Dltll1y
'VJl-»itto:p.o
I"b
10
0.100
pooaiblo
to
obto.in
aubomaticolly
printod
or
punohsd
inf'orID.:\"Gion
aOGociatod TIith oa.oh
oporation
or
m.
th
o0x;'(;uin oolootsv. oporat:1onc
no
thoy
orG
oxaoutod
by
tho
p;'·Ogl"'ruIlo
Aloo
1}
our
input
oquipmonot;
is
faot
enougb.
fOT
a.
largo
number 0 r
pa.ramatGra
to
bo
insortod
in
a.
progl"'cm
in
0.
~JCr:y
o}10I*t
longth
of
timoo
Thie
oan
b3
oopooio.l1y
valua.ble
to
n
progxoo.mm.ol'"
'\-1110
110.0
limiting
ro..nge tl"'oubloo a.nd
~indo
it
n9coosary
to
try
a
largo
numbor.
of
diffaron·:;
valuos
boroTo
a.
OUOOOEJcful
op31'"ation
5.13
obi:ic.inodo
With
0.11
"~hef30
faoilitiac
it
should
!lot
bo
too
dii"'ficult
to
nC"lUil"O
·bh9
nooeooary erro1;'
diagnootio
informationo
Hor10V0r,
in9.omuoh 0.0
all
thio
po·tontic.l
infol''lUQ:h:1on
tcltoo
0001=
puiior
time
in
being
procured;> no l"'oquot:rta
for
ouoh
d.v.;be
should
bD
mndo
uniiil
the
progrem
has
fa.ilod
to
operate
and
auffioieD:G
time
spon'h
deoiding
'ilhQ.:li
info~tion
'\Ji11
bo
noododo
In
ol·dor
for
tho
progI"e.mmor
to
oomply
u1th
ouoh
a.
domand!)
th9
computer
.Dol'2£ldulo
m1!B'(j
bo ouoh
that
ho
\1111
not
bs
ltopt
tmiting
fo?
too
rooult.B
or
tho
errot"
dio.gnoa·i;io "taoto
To
aooom-
plish
thio
and
'ho
avoid
tio-up0l>
a.t
lenct
tln'oa
hourly
oomputar
psriodo,o
oeraratea
by
at
leeot
too
hourop
uhould
be
ooltoduled
each
dayo
Thio
rnuld
pr~vido
the
e..bili
ty
to
opara:ta
or
-Gotl"°G
0.
program.
a.t
loo.at
fOUl"
timOD
during
e
VI'ook
and
yet
no"1;
conaumq moro
th'2.D.
c.'
half
hour
0 r oomputor
timoo
Sinco
Vd~
...
"'y
1
:l"C'liIo
'(jimo
1J'111
1;::'1
£3p:Dn'~
:LlJ.
Oc.oh 0
pOl'~"L\,;jion
of
0. p;."o-
gt'!,'-"::;t~:
-Gho
pl"ooonco
of
i:iho prcgrmnmsI!"
:Jhould
no'c
bo
n()C008C'SY"
A re;U11o.l'"
o:I~I::.rr·o:~cl~
ahoulc1 1;0 o.bl0
,to
I"LiZJ.
.jvho
prog:,'wl
by
n:cl"'oJ.y
fol10'r:ing
'.\
t:!'.~,:,~,:;:;.10
i~l:':li
01' inr;rb!ruo'(jionn 0 l'G
11!:ls
boon
found
'\;ho:c
mol"O
prog:."ttmD
can
bo
0P3:L"la:{;od
dUid.ng n ccmptrcoz1
p~riod
:l.r j:b
10
"'cho
:.·ospono1b:tlj:hy o:f:
ono
or
'Gt:o
mOll
~(iO
OPOZ'O:C9
all
of
tho
p140
€l'C.nlO
~
l"'e.ther
'bhan
if'
acoh
pro
gleill1l.YIl01" opOl'ato'.3 h5.o
o-rrilo
To
ino!'oa~o
o£fioic.ncy
fUr-'lih3:'''!J :t{;
r..ao
bD0n
:requ..()8'~od
~bha;G
no
manuo.l
oont?ol
or 'bho
progl"C~.
bo noooncJm"y
in
ordor
£01"
it
1;0
00
opo!'U'Gad
(:i.~Oo
flip
...
fJ.op
1:6gist0l~1J
cCll"baining
p(!.l~am:Zltors,
mo.uu.a.l photogl:'cp
hyJ)
O-'i.iOo)"
Should
"hho
progl"t:.nmloX-
fool
'th3
o.bsoluto
neod
'~o
opol·~d:;o
hie
own
prog~"om~
ho
\,:;i11
bo
o~lowod.?
OD.
reqt1i:Jrrl:i!l
ona
fi:Ni00n
l:m:lnuto por:J.od
c.
wGek".
'It
lU01
40
-1;imo
io
noedod
it
rilll
bD
gt"ontod
t~ough
·tho
hoad
of
-i.;he
mat!wn1o.tioo
groupo
Fol~
progro.nw
'bhat haV0
boon
tOtJ'i;od
(l.ud
zOGqu5~r'o
long
periodtl
of'
OP31'a.tion
J.;o
produco
su.rfioie~:lt
do.'~(?~,
en
civon1ug (Johodulo,:)
uhioh
co.n
bo
~vo.l:'iod
dopondiug
on
'bha
numb::J::~'"
of
p?'''og:'l.''o..'Uo
p.ild
"bhe
e.moun:G
of
date.,9
t:ill
be t\VCoila.bloo
Tho l\c"but'.l
mo
ohani
0;::
of."
oporo;t;ing 0.
progl"C'..m
on
'~jho
cOmputol4
l~0cz>
quiI."'oO
.i
GUo
l"'oquioi
i-;ion
forms
0 Tho
fir01;
l"OqUOS'(;S
tho
pl"oper(l.-Gion
of
tho
FlOl"'.oY.'l"i·co~
\;o.pa
and
'bho
s~cond,:)
tho
o.c·(ju.al
Op(;)l'oo.:biollo
Should
(~n
o.le.nn
ooct1r
in
tho
0p3T'o
..
tion
of
tho
Pl"ogl"'o.m
'GhOi;O
is
(.\
~\ihil~d
requio:1t~.on
:'rh-i
oh
l~aquoo"iio
em
crl."'
01'
dlag.noo-G:i.o {;oot
of
tho
Opsl"'f.yGiono
(Soo
M=
13fil)
Tho
'beplZlo
oi.'
m!:~in
p1;~of9."omo
'l.-7:tll
ba
numbored
tloil1g
n oc\.pi
tt:.l
~~
ao
tho
prolix
Po.Ild
o.ny
ioodifion:iiionfl
,\1il1
bo
indica"cod
by
i'bo
f11:.0
numbo:i::"~
pl'Oooodod
by
tl
dash
(
...
) 0
For
o:::rcmp10:t
'Gape
nUlIlbo:r:"
0:1.:::
hundi'ed
cmd
fi.t"l.bo\~'n
modifiocdiion
oi:-..t
would
1:0
\v?i~tQn
U!J T
615
c;»
60
All
pC.lncmeJ~er
te.p~
num=
bero
,\1i11
hD.;~},o
a oo.pi'bal P
an
a
pror~.xo
Tho
file
numboI~
uill
corr0ol'ond
to
tho
mnin
progz'omvo
filo
nu.mb:31"
and
tho
e..o'cuul
p!lrrun~rbOi."
numbor \7111
roll~l
e.
du,aho
For
e==~Plploj)
"tho
sooond
:Jo~v
of
i?al"'e.m~:l'\;or,('
:n
:;:'1: e
1'l.Lui~1jer
615
'could
bo
P 615
.,,'
2"0 Th91-oi'oro
if'
011,3
'l1ished
"ho
oporo:bo to.po
oi:rr:
hundl.~ed
and
fif'boon
modi.f-loa:b:Lon
nix
togo-'Ghor wi'bh 'bha
socond
aot
or
po.re.rnS"i;0TS!>,
tho
o.sosmblod
tapa
'Would ol)naio"c
or
l,f
615
u.
6
o.nd
:P
615
""
20
lioto
'bh.lt'!.t
eo.
parw'1letor numbor
diotinguiohsD
between
CG'·co
of' pru:-emctol"u
in
0.
given
filo,9
not
oo"bo
of
po.rarr..etez~s
o.sl3ooicd;ocl
'flith
a.
aingle
modif'icu:biol1c,
A
t'2
pnr
aJ.l1$te:rt'
io
dof'inad
0.0
v_
oot
Ol:" Hclu"bchf7
of
valuooo
~~ho
tOl~
olutoh
'10
uood
to
omphao5.zo
~Gh0
fa.o·:';
that
0.11
tho
valueo
of
on0
ptll"o..-
m'Go::,
are
:l'ead
in
on
one
movomonti
of
tho
pho'booleotric'r'olldol-"C
clu:boho
T~(J
pl"ooodure
't1l\e
doo:1dod
on
ill
order
to
nid
-i.;hG
oporetol'
in
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--~hD--ur-·--------------.~~~ta~-----
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by-~---------=-"o:---
....
haar
date
Fils
II
------------------------------~
10 Program #
________________
.....
~
Parameter.
fl·
------------~--------~
Fill
in
Title,
Author,
and
File
Ii;
indicate
when
the
tapEr
must·
be
ready
'"forl'use;:
fill
out
a' .
separate
requisition
for
each
modification
of
the
program
and
for
each-new'-parameter;
check
the
applicable
line
in
items
1,
2,3,
and
4;
till
in
items,
and/or
6
i.f
desired;
fill
in
the
desired
program
or
parameters
on
this'
sheet
or
on a
suitable
fo-rm
(a)
.
securely·
attached
to
this
r~quisi
tion.
2.
This
is
a complete
pro
gram
(or
parameter.)
0.
3.
6.
·Attach
to
-----------------
Octal
addresses
are' used
throughout.
Decimal
addresses·
are
··.U8ed"1;brou~aut.o
iypeand'bave
converteci. to' conventional.
.
5-~-6
formo
Type
in
conventional.
form
but
do
not
convert
to
5-5-6
form
Prepare
direct.l.y
ill
,-$-6
form
(no
more
.~·4·registers-may:··beinvolved)
0
Type'
in
SUBROUTINE
form.
. .
·File
in
SUBROUTINE
LibraI7~'
.
LSR
/I
----
Control·-transterred
to
reg.
after
read
in.
v 'address
of
zero
----
..
temporary
register
'VX
address
of
1st
order'
of
interpre~~
routine
vx2"
-.,'
....
···separation.;constant .
revxl
----·address
of
l.st
nmltiple
length
constant
of'
multilengtb.
print
rout:ine
o
Make
obsOlBte
all
previous
programs
(or
parametera
2
.as
tlifi
case
maybe)
iii
thiS
rile
except
-those
cirelech'.:O
1 2 3 h
$6"
7"
8 9
ie'
ll.·
lao
.1).
'lh
15
Hake
obsolete
·File
#(s)
.
______________________________
_
address
cOntents
address
contents'
address
contents
....................
WW1
PROGRAM
PERFORMANCE
REQUEST,
Room.
221
...
:
______
_
R~~~~-.
~"~~~,~--~~~
~J.le
:n=
f:iubmJ.tied
6y
1'r66Ie~
, ,
reM
dFiIMh6e
geque~t
#
..
:D
Short
l{un.
L
OLong
Ru:a
.5
Input
0-5-6
tape
only
t::flexo
tape
only
-r:l>-5-6
an~
flexo
Output
c::Jprinter
t:::Jpuneh
~oope
& camera
~gnetio
tape
r.::J-
___
_
If
the
expected
total
time
for
the
operation
of
the
main
program
and
au,
Parrumeters
is
more
than
ten
minutesDthe~ogram
Bhoul~
be'listed
aa,~
long
runo
.'
{b;l
The
regular
operator
The
. program.
is
to
be'
operatedbYi::l
'.
.'.,
a.t
Number
~
______
~approved
by
______
__
system
The
programmer)
Deed
riot
1.
.
Be'
pr~~ent
.
during
and
' J
~ust.
J
the
operatl.ono
Should
there
be
any questionsooClMIT phone
#.
.....
__
home
___
_
The
output
equipin.ent
is
expected
to,
'start
operating
within
______
seconds
after
the
start
of
the
progr~·
The'
program
is
expected
to
run,
'for
'.
mino
total
and'
print
,
"lines"
punch
.'
inohes~
..
phot6graph
frames
,
record
blockS
on
magnetic
tape~
read
blocks
on
..
magnetic
tape
0
'.
" '
The
prOgrmmShould~toP.
automatically
Oy'r
,
'e
stopped'manuallyo
If
the
program
runa
or
more
"than
'minutes
or
_______
_
it
should
be
stopped
manuallyo
The
following
is
the
list
and
sequence'
of
It-apes
to
be
operated
o
E~ch
lille
is
to
be
a
separate
operation
of
main
progra.m~para.m.eters
and
interpretive
routine,o'
SEqUENCE
COMMENT
30
.,'
----
50
SPECIAL
INSTRUCTIONSg
DL-32~'
