MED ATLANTIC ECOBONUS MAE EXTERNAL COST CALCULATOR TOOL V10 2 User Manual
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EXTERNAL COST CALCULATOR TOOL Version 10.2 / user manual October 2018 About Med Atlantic Ecobonus externalities calculator • The calculator compares direct road door to door externalities with the MoS alternative considering the specific vessel technology, operating profile, port call and port access impact. • It calculates the external cost of carbon emissions, polluting emissions (SOx, NOx and PM) as well as congestion, accidents and noise of both ‘road only’ and MoS alternatives • The calculator is based on best practices and updated so that is possible a fair comparison between road and maritime transport. Two EU supported studies set the reference to monetize externalities: • “Handbook on estimating external cost in the transport sector” IMPACT 2008, and • “Update on the Handbook on External Costs of Transport”, RICARDO-AEA 2014. • The design of the calculator responds to the MAE case study (for the targeted market taken as example). Unlike the previous Marco Polo calculator, this tool estimates the socio-environmental impact of each line case by case, considering the specific technologies and operational performance of the vessels servicing the line. • The calculator is prepared to measure the main possible actions to be taken by the shipowners to reduce external costs (technology and not technology based). • The road behavior is calculated as an average, based on the market mix of the truck fleet operating the routes. This translates almost into EURO VI specs when considering an implementation beyond 2020. • The tool also includes an estimation of the port access emissions by trucks as well as the vessel emissions at port. These feature of the calculator is important as ports are normally located in urban areas. Vessels that have adopted port emission reduction technologies (batteries, cold ironing, etc.) would reduce their environmental footprint and this will be calculated. • In case of ferries or ropax vessels combining freight with passengers (private vehicles), vessel emissions must be allocated to freight and cars whereas only freight emissions will be considered for the calculation of the environmental merit (following the eligibility criteria for the MAE case study). For roro vessels, total emissions are divided by the average number of trucks carried. For ropax vessels, total vessel emissions are divided by the number of trucks equivalent (estimated as the average trucks carried plus the average passenger (cars) converted into virtual trucks or trucks equivalent using 10 pax as 1 truck. For new vehicles, also not eligible in the MAE example, a similar calculation is performed using 6 veh as 1 truck) 2 Methodological approach Distance Speed Capacity Occupation Passengers CO2 GW EU Cost €/t SOX Fuel type NOX Technology PM Cost of emissions at sea €/t Port Call (time) Port emissions Port Access (km) Savings €/truck CO2 Number of Trucks Distance EURO level NOX Cost of emissions at land €/t EXTERNAL COST ROAD €/truck Congest. Accidents Noise MOS Market GW EU Cost (€/t) SOX PM Route EXTERNAL COST MARITIME €/truck Technology Socio-economic costs €/km EU monetization Eco-incentive Ecoincentive €/truck Monetization references Two main references are used to estimate both the environmental impact and socio-economic cost of freight transport: • 2008 Handbook on estimation of external costs in the transport sector. Produced within the study of Internalization Measures and Policies for All external Cost of Transport (IMPACT). CE DELFT, commissioned by: European Commission (DG TREN) • 2014 Update of the Handbook on External Costs of Transport. Ricardo-AEA, commissioned by : European Commission (DG Mobility and Transport) Regarding CO2eq monetization, there is a high discrepancy amongst the two reports, the 2014 update report raised the cost per ton from 25€ to 90€ at 2010 values. Market value from EU Emission allowances is around 20€/t while IPCC remedial cost is above 100USD. MAE figure is taken from the 2008 handbook, 34€ in 2016 value, which is aligned with EIB Appraisal Guidelines from 2015. € pollutant t CO2eq SOx NOx PM Road 34 11.300 11.700 29.400 Mediterranean 34 6.700 1.850 18.500 Baltic 34 5.250 4.700 13.800 Atlantic 34 2.900 2.250 5.550 € per 1000 km Noise Accidents Congestion Road average 2,06 6,03 45,28 4 MAE Calculator designing assumptions (1 of 3) Centroids vs port to port 1. 2. 3. Dynamic, each voyage has its own origin/destination pair Fixed. The shipowner, when submitting his line, declares the centroids for the calculation. Simplified. Net road distance between the ‘road-only’ and the MoS alternatives is assumed to be similar to the road distances between ports of origin and destination, including port access. Option 3 is taken Port access Following the previous assumption, two urban legs will be considered, one accessing origin port and one leaving destination port from/to the circumvallating highway. This assumption only applies for the calculation of the MoS emissions. Default values set to 9 km + 9 km Channel crossings b c • a • Direct channel crossing brings no environmental merit for the MAE example Longer maritime relations will be compared with the channel crossing considered as part of the ‘road only’ alternative. 5 MAE Calculator designing assumptions (2 of 3) Vessel occupation level 1. 2. 3. 70% Dynamic, each voyage has its own occupation Declared. The shipowner, when submitting or updating his line to the eco-incentive scheme, declares the actual occupation levels. Fixed. Establishing a fixed (70%) occupation level for all routes and for simulation purposes. Option 3 is taken (for simulation). Lower occupancies are considered to be not sustainable in the long term whereas higher averages would be rare. New vehicles Declared. The shipowner, when submitting or updating his line establishes its average deck occupancy for new vehicles. Deck footprint: 6 vehicles = 1 truck New vehicles takes their share of total ship emissions but this traffic is not eligible under MAE example ROPAX Vessels 1. 2. CEN Standard 16258 Simple ratio: PAX -> VEH -> TRUCKS EQUIVALENT Option 2 is taken (simpler), calibrated with the CEN Standard Deck footprint: 10 pax = 1 truck 6 MAE Calculator designing assumptions (3 of 3) Emission at port Port emissions will be calculated and incurred to the total emissions of the MoS alternative. Main parameters will be call duration, the fuel consumption and the fuel type. When cold ironing is used, port emissions will not be considered. Default call duration 6 hours. Default fuel consumption 8 t/day 200 Vessel fuel consumption 150 1. 100 2. 50 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Declared. The shipowner, when submitting or updating his line establishes its actual fuel consumption levels. Fix curved: Use a common emissions curve (tons per day vs speed) for all vessels. Option 1 is taken (for simulation purposes). This feature rewards the greats resource efficient vessels. Real performances would be verified through mandatory declarations such as the MRVs. Vessel emissions 1. 2. Declared. The shipowner, when submitting or updating his line establishes its actual emissions, both sailing and at port. Fix values: Use fixed emission values Option 1 is taken (intended for implementing actions). For simulation purposes the vessel emissions will be estimated using previous assumptions (thus option 2) 7 MAIN: input variables and detail results 1 (*) 6 7 2 3 4 5 (*) Parallel. A route where road only and MoS alternative cover the same distance 1. Choose a route to be analyzed from the route box, a popup menu should appear. If your route is not shown, you can manually enter in the MOS page. 2. Choose the vessel/route details: capacity, occupancy (70% suggested), number of passengers and number of new vehicles (average figures for a sailing). Choose the fuel type, the abatement technology and the vessel speed. 3. Choose whether to include socio-economic factors (congestion, accidents and noise). 4. Choose whether actual emission data for the vessel/route are known (thus entering through the DIRECT ENTRY page) or let the calculator estimate them for you 5. Choose COLD IRONING to remove ship emission at port from the calculation. 6. Values are compared between the MoS and the ‘road-only’ alternative (maritime and port&access are both incurred to MoS) 7. Results 8 PORT & ACCESS 1 2 3 1. Enter the average port call duration in hours 2. Enter the average fuel consumption at port in tons per day 3. Enter the sum of the port access distance from circumvallating road to the port in both origin and destination Breakdown of values will be shown on the table and chartered on the figured. 9 Using the tool For further information about MED Atlantic Ecobonus and the External Cost Calculator tool please contact: mae.project@puertos.es 10
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