Halon Replacement For Airplane Portable Fire Extinguishers D6668 Madden 0511 BTP

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Halon Replacement
for Airplane
Portable Fire
Extinguishers Progress Report
BOEING is a trademark of Boeing Management Company.
Copyright © 2009 - 2011 Boeing. All rights reserved.

International Aircraft Systems Fire
Protection Working Group Conference
Köln, Germany
May 11-12, 2011
Mike Madden

Objective

Provide a progress report on development of BTP (2-bromo-3, 3, 3trifluropropene), a promising new environmentally safe Halon
replacement fire extinguishing agent

2
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Agenda
 Halon Replacement Dates
 Steps to Commercialization
 BTP Performance
 Agent Summary
 Fire Extinguisher Installation
 BTP Risks
 BTP Near-term Steps
 Summary
3
COPYRIGHT © 2009 - 2011 THE BOEING COMPANY

Halon Replacement Dates

New Design

(New TC Application)

Current Production

Proposed Requirement

Lavatory

Handheld

Propulsion/
APU

Cargo

EC Cutoff Date

2011

2014

2014

2018

ICAO

2011

2016

2014

NA

UL Standard

NA

2014

NA

NA

EC End Date (incl. retrofit)

2020

2025

2040

2040

ICAO
UL Standard

2011

2016

NA

NA

NA

2014

NA

NA

Notes:
EC dates were adopted in March 2010 and published August 18, 2010; to be effective December 31 of the
stated year.
ICAO proposed halon replacement “resolution” adopted at ICAO General Assembly Meeting on October 6,
2010. Amendments to Annexes 6 & 8 in-work.
Underwriters’ Laboratory Standard 1093 to be withdrawn September 2014.
COPYRIGHT © 2009 - 2011 THE BOEING COMPANY

4

Steps to Commercialization
 Cup burner testing - 2002
 Initial toxicity tests (Ames, cardiotox…) - 2002
 2D ODP, GWP and atmospheric lifetime - 2004
 Prototype extinguisher, near drop-in replacement for Boeing 1211 extinguisher - 2009
 UL 711 5B pan fire tests - 2009
 UL 711 cold temperature pan fire test - 2009
 FAA MPS AR-01/37 hidden fire tests - 2009
 3D model analysis of ODP and GWP - 2010
 FAA MPS AR-01/37 seat fire toxicity tests - 2011
 ASTM flammability tests (per NFPA 704) - 2011
 Airplane material compatibility tests - 2011
 Synthesis of BTP for toxicology testing - 2011
 Publication of 3D ODP scientific paper
 Complete toxicology testing
 PBPK testing and modeling
 Provide PBPK data to FAA for inclusion in AC 20-42D and FAA/AR-08/3
 Additional BTP properties testing
 US EPA TSCA inventory listing
 US EPA SNAP approval
 EU REACH approval
 3.25” diameter bottle
 UL 2129 fire extinguisher bottle tests and UL listing
5

ASTM
standard
for
BTP
COPYRIGHT © 2009 - 2011 THE BOEING COMPANY

BTP Performance
Initial BTP toxicity test results
Item

Comments

Ames (mutagenic test)

No effects noted

Human Lymphocyte
(chromosomal aberration)

No effects noted

Cardiotoxic Dog Inhalation

NOAEL .5%
LOAEL 1.0%

Preliminary Limit Test
(5% for 30 minutes)

Some potential
anesthetic effects noted

Data from J Grigg & A Chattaway, “The Evaluation of Bromotriflouropropene
as a Halon 1211 Replacement”, NIST SP 984, June 2002
http://www.fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/fire02/PDF/f02114.pdf

6
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BTP Performance
Passed UL 711 5B and UL 2B cold temperature fire tests, December 2009

7
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BTP Performance
Passed FAA MPS AR-01/37 hidden fire tests at UL, December 2009

8
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BTP Performance
Passed FAA MPS AR-01/37 seat fire toxicity tests, February 2011

9
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BTP Performance
FAA MPS seat fire toxicity test results:
Agent

HF 1-Minute
Average
(200 ppm limit)

Test Number

BTP

Halon 1211
2011 tests

Halon 1211
1999 tests

HF 4.5-Minute
Average
(100 ppm limit)

Agent Used
(pounds)

Discharge Time
(seconds)

1

47.8

23.9

1.85

3.2

2

65.7

34.5

1.76

3.8

3

88.2

47.7

1.55

2.9

1

20.5

11.7

.64

2.1

2

20.4

11.0

.64

2.4

3

25.8

14.6

.57

2.0

1

9.28

6.01

1.2

6

2

21.04

13.87

.8

4.5

3

19.83

12.92

.96

4.7

Data from FAA test data sheets

BTP HF levels below the MPS requirements,
and FE-36 and FM-200 levels
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10

BTP Performance
Passed NFPA 704 required flammability tests, March 2011
Test

Results

ASTM D92 Flash point
(Cleveland open cup)

None, vapor
extinguished flame

ASTM E659 Auto ignition
Temperature

No ignition

ASTM E681 Upper and
lower flammability limits

Non-flammable

ASTM D6668 Flammability
rating

F=0

NFPA 704 flammability rating of zero
11
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BTP Performance
Passed Boeing aircraft materials compatibility testing, March 2011

 Non-corrosive to standard aircraft metals
 No effect on standard aircraft plastics
 No effect on standard seals or sealants
 No effect on standard aircraft interior materials

BTP is compatible with typical aircraft materials
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BTP Performance
3-D Modeling of BTP by Dr Wuebbles and Ken Patten of
University of Illinois (UIUC) completed Dec 22, 2010
 Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) version 3.5.48.
 Based on BTP emissions over land areas between 30N and 60N latitude:
 Very short lived compound - 7 days.
 Oxidizes in troposphere, where bromine is rained out.
 0.0028 ODP.
 0.005 GWP (100 year).

“BTP should be environmentally safer
than other likely choices of agents” Dr. Wuebbles
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Agent Summary
Agent

Halon 1211

BTP
Halotron 1
(HCFC Blend B) 3
FE-36
(HFC-236fa)
FM-200
(HFC-227ea)
1.

UL 711 Agent Weight (#) Total Weight
Rating
(#)

5 BC

2.5

3.93

Dimensions
(H x W x D)

ODP

GWP
(100 year)

17 x 4.8 x 3.25

7.91

1890 1

0.00282
15.75 x 5 x 3.5
(3D -model)

0.0052

5 BC

3.75

5.6

5 BC

5.5

9.3

15 x 5 x 4.25

0.01 1

77 1

5 BC

4.75

9.5

15.9 x 8 x 4.5

0

9820 1

5 BC

5.75

9.8

16.6 x 6.5 x 4.4

0

3580 1

World Meteorological Organization Report No. 52 – “Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010.” (Note that
Halotron ODP was rounded up from 0.0098).
http://ozone.unep.org/Assessment_Panels/SAP/Scientific_Assessment_2010/index.shtml

2.

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Report “2-Bromo-3,3,3-Triflouropropylene Ozone Depletion Potentials
and Global Warming Potentials” dated December 22, 2010, author Kenneth Patten and Donald Wuebbles. (Note
that ODP/GWP values vary depending on the assumed geographical distribution of BTP release. The latitudes
considered include the U.S. and EU).

3.

HCFC -123 (primary constituent of Halotron 1) is subject to US production phase-out in 2015. Supply will be
limited to recycling after 2015 unless HCFC-123 is removed from the Montreal Protocol, or the Clean Air Act is
14
amended.
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Agent Summary
Global Warming Potential (GWP) of Agents
12000
9820

GWP (100 year)

10000
8000
6000

3580

4000
2000

1890
0.005

77

BTP

Halotron 1

0
Halon 1211

FE-36

FM-200
15

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Agent Summary
Seat Fire Toxicology Test Results
HF 1 Minute Average
120

HF (ppm)

100
80

Test #1

60

Test #2
Test #3

40
20

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FM-200

FE-36

Halotron
1

BTP

Halon
1211

0

16

Agent Summary
Seat Fire Toxicology Test Results
HF 4-1/2 Minute Average
80
70

HF (ppm)

60
50

Test #1

40

Test #2

30

Test #3

20
10
FM-200

FE-36

Halotron 1

BTP

Halon
1211

0

17
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Agent Summary
LOAEL & NOAEL of Agents
16
14

%V/V

12
10
LOAEL

8

NOAEL

6
4
2

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FM-200

FE-36

Halotron 1

BTP

Halon 1211

0

18

Agent Summary
Size and Weight Comparison of Handheld Fire
Extinguishers

Size/Weight
Relative to Halon 1211

3
2.5
2
Size
Weight

1.5
1
0.5
0
Halon 1211

BTP

Halotron 1

FE-36

FM-200

19
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Fire Extinguisher Installation
Validation fit-check of 3.5” diameter BTP fire extinguisher was
conducted on Boeing production models
 Diameter of existing production bottle used for BTP prototype
caused Interference on 737 models
 Boeing is developing
a 3.25” diameter bottle
of the same volume

Halon
BTP
Halotron

20
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Fire Extinguisher Installation
Example of a 737 installation (bracket is removed)

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Fire Extinguisher Installation
Example of a 737 installation

22
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Fire Extinguisher Installation
Example of a 777 installation

23
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BTP Near-term Steps
 Submit paper on 3D atmospheric modeling (ECD 3Q11)
 Toxicology testing (ECD 2Q13)
• Primarily subchronic, reproductive toxicity, PBPK, irritation

24
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BTP Risks
 Must pass all toxicity tests prior to SNAP/REACH approval.
 Low volume production cost of BTP is high compared to Halon
and alternatives. Expanding BTP market beyond airplane use
will lower cost.

Boeing considers the higher price acceptable for the following
reasons:
•Allows retrofit of existing airplanes with minimal impact to airlines
•Allows production incorporation with minimal cost and impact
•Provides a long term industry solution that is safe for the environment
•It is airplane safety equipment

25
COPYRIGHT © 2009 - 2011 THE BOEING COMPANY

BTP Risks
Per AC20-42D - Halon 1211, Halotron 1, and BTP are unsafe for use in
Boeing airplane flight decks and other small volumes.
 AC 20-42D, Chapter 4.4b(3), (4) states that concentrations may be
adjusted to account for stratification…a report will be published at the
FAA Technical Center with method to adjust safe-use concentrations.
The report providing necessary guidance to show compliance has not
been developed or released.

Need to reconvene the Handheld Working Group and
develop guidance material based on stratification
testing
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Summary
 BTP does not have the environmental, size, or weight issues of existing
FAA approved halon replacement fire extinguishers/agents.
 BTP is a promising, environmentally safe, drop-in replacement.
• 3D model validated near zero ODP and GWP.
• Passed UL 711 5B, 2B cold temperature, and FAA MPS tests.
• Passed Boeing aircraft material compatibility tests.

 Boeing has funded toxicology testing and is working toward
commercialization of BTP.

Boeing’s goal is to replace Halon portable fire
extinguishers just one time, and with an
environmentally acceptable agent.
27
COPYRIGHT © 2009 - 2011 THE BOEING COMPANY

Questions?
Contact:
Mike Madden
The Boeing Company
Mike.r.madden@boeing.com
425-342-2517

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COPYRIGHT © 2009 - 2011 THE BOEING COMPANY



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