WP 34S Owner's Manual 3 0
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3.0 Work in Progress
This file is part of WP 34S.
WP 34S is free software: you can redistribute it and / or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.
WP 34S is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without any
warranty; without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. See the GNU General Public License
for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with WP 34S. If not, please see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ .
First aid for those complaining about getting trapped in an unexpected
or unwanted calculator mode while playing around before reading:
(i.e. ) will bring you back to floating point mode.
For those who don‘t even read this: Sorry, we can‘t help you.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 1 of 103
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Welcome..................................................................................................................... 4
Print Conventions ....................................................................................................... 6
Getting Started ........................................................................................................... 6
What‘s on the Keyboard and How to Access it? ......................................................... 7
Real and Integer Operations..................................................................................... 14
Statistical Distributions, Probabilities etc. ................................................................. 15
Matrices .................................................................................................................... 16
Complex Operations ................................................................................................. 17
Memory..................................................................................................................... 18
Stack Mechanics ...................................................................................................... 20
Comparing and Addressing Real Numbers .............................................................. 22
Comparing and Addressing Complex Numbers ........................................................ 23
Addressing Labels .................................................................................................... 24
Display and Modes ................................................................................................... 25
Fonts......................................................................................................................... 32
Index of Operations .................................................................................................. 33
A - C..................................................................................................................................34
D - F ..................................................................................................................................37
G - I ...................................................................................................................................41
J - L ...................................................................................................................................43
M - O .................................................................................................................................46
P - R..................................................................................................................................49
S - U..................................................................................................................................54
V - Z ..................................................................................................................................58
- ..................................................................................................................................61
- the End ........................................................................................................................64
Alphanumeric input:...........................................................................................................67
Non-programmable Control, Clearing and Information Commands ...................................69
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Catalogs ................................................................................................................... 71
Catalog Contents in Detail: ................................................................................................74
Addressing Catalog Items .................................................................................................77
Constants ..........................................................................................................................78
Unit Conversions ...............................................................................................................82
Predefined Global Alpha Labels ........................................................................................86
Messages ................................................................................................................. 86
Programmed Input and Output ................................................................................. 89
Interactive Programming........................................................................................... 90
Interrupting a Program for Display of Information ..............................................................90
Temporary Displays ..........................................................................................................91
Data Input .........................................................................................................................91
Hotkeys .............................................................................................................................91
Keyboard Codes ...............................................................................................................92
Direct Keyboard Access ....................................................................................................93
Appendix A: Support for Flashing, Serial I/O etc. ..................................................... 94
How to Flash Your HP 20b or 30b .....................................................................................94
Commands for Handling Flash Memory on Your WP 34S .................................................95
Mapping of Memory Regions to Emulator State Files ........................................................96
Data Transfer Between Your WP 34S and Your PC (SAM-BA) .........................................96
Data Transfer Between Your WP 34S and Your PC (Serial I/O) ........................................97
More Keyboard Commands Employing ON .......................................................................98
Appendix B: More Routines and Commands ............................................................ 99
Library Routines ................................................................................................................99
Internal Commands (Use at Your Own Risk) .....................................................................99
Appendix C: Release Notes.................................................................................... 102
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 3 of 103
JUST IN CASE …
... you still have your HP-20b Business Consultant or your HP-30b Business Professional sitting on
your desk unchanged as produced by HP, please turn to Appendix A for some instructions how to
convert it into a full fledge WP 34S yourself. Alternatively, if you don‘t want to bother with cables on
your desk connecting it to your computer, with flashing the calculator firmware and attaching a sticky
overlay, you may purchase e.g. a HP-30b-based WP 34S readily in the internet:
http://www.thecalculatorstore.com/epages/eb9376.sf/en_GB/?ObjectPath=/Shops/eb9376/Products/%22WP34s%20Pack%22
(We apologize for the small font – it allows this hyperlink fitting into one print line).
The first way may just cost your time, the second will cost you some money at the store. If you choose
buying your WP 34S at the address mentioned, we (the developers) will get a modest fraction of the
price. Both ways, however, are proven to work – it is your choice.
For the following, we assume the flashing is done and you hold a WP 34S in your hands.
WELCOME
Dear user, now you have got it: your own WP 34S. It uses the mechanics and hardware of the HP-20b Business Consultant or the new HP-30b Business Professional,
so you benefit from their unexcelled processor speed. And with the HP-30b you get
the famous rotate-and-click keys in addition, giving the tactile feedback appreciated
in vintage Hewlett-Packard calculators for decades.
On the other hand, the firmware and user interface of the WP 34S were thoroughly
thought through and discussed by us, newly designed and written from scratch,
loaded with functions, pressed into the little memory provided, and tested over and
over again to give you a fast and compact scientific calculator like you have
never had before.
The WP 34S function set is based on the famous HP-42S RPN Scientific, the most
powerful programmable RPN calculator built so far 1. We expanded this set, incorporating the functionality of the renowned programmer‘s calculator HP-16C, the fraction
mode of the HP-32SII, probability distributions as featured by the HP-21S, and added
many more useful functions for mathematics, statistics, physics, engineering,
programming etc. like
+ Euler‘s Beta function, Fibonacci numbers, Lambert‘s W (all of these in real and
complex domains), the error function, incomplete regularized Beta and Gamma,
Riemann‘s Zeta, the most ‗popular‘ orthogonal polynomials, testing for primality,
+ many statistical distributions and their inverses like Poisson, Binomial, Geometric as well as Cauchy-Lorentz, Exponential, Logistic, Weibull for reliability analysis, Lognormal and Gaussian with arbitrary means and standard deviations,
+ programmable sums and products, first and second derivatives,
+ extended date and time calculations based on a real time clock,
1
Though the HP-42S was sold in 1988 already, this statement holds still. – Due to hardware restrictions, the matrix math of the HP-42S cannot be supported by the WP 34S. Matrices are covered,
however, by a package of basic commands.
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+ integer computing in arbitrary bases from binary to hexadecimal,
+ financial operations like mean rate of return and margin calculations,
+ 80 conversions, mainly between universal SI and old Imperial units,
+ 50 fundamental physical constants as precise as known today by national standards institutes like NIST or PTB, plus some more out of mathematics, astronomy, and surveying,
+ complete Greek and extended Latin letter fonts covering many languages on
this planet (upper and lower case in two font sizes each).
The WP 34S is the first RPN calculator overcoming the limits of a 4-level stack
– forget worries about stack overflow in calculations. It features a choice of two stack
sizes expanded by a complex LASTx register: traditional four stack levels for HP
compatibility, eight levels for convenient calculations in complex domain, advanced
real calculus, vector algebra, or for whatever application you have in your mind. You
find a full set of commands for stack handling and navigation in either size.
Furthermore, your WP 34S features over 100 general purpose registers, 104 user
flags, 506 program steps in working memory, more than 4000 in flash, a 31 byte alpha register for message generation, and 4 programmable hotkeys for your favorite
functions or routines. And you may backup your work in battery-fail-safe memory.
Your WP 34S is the result of a long range collaboration of two individuals, an Australian and a German. We did this in our free time, so you may call it our hobby (though
some people close to us found different names for this). From its very beginning, our
project was discussed on the forum of the Museum of HP Calculators
(www.hpmuseum.org), so we want to express our gratitude to all the international
contributors there who taught us a lot and brought their ideas and support in several
stages of our project. Special thanks go to Marcus von Cube (Germany) supporting
us in bringing the WP 34S to life, starting with an emulator for v1.14, allowing widespread use and convenient testing. From v1.17 on, the software runs on the real
hardware as well. A very useful assembler / disassembler is supplied by Neil Hamilton (Canada) since v1.18 and even a symbolic preprocessor was added with v2.1.
We baptized our baby WP 34S in honor of one of the most powerful LED pocket calculators, the HP-34C of 1979. The WP 34S is our humble approach – with the hardware given – to a future 43S we can only dream of becoming the successor of the
HP-42S once. May the WP 34S help in convincing those having access to more resources than us: covering the market of serious scientific instruments is worthwhile.
Firmware-wise, we have carefully checked everything we could think of to our best
knowledge, so our hope may be justified the WP 34S is free of bugs. Anyway, we
promise we will continue improving the WP 34S whenever it turns out being necessary – so if you discover any strange result, please report it to us, and if it is revealed
to be an internal error we will provide you with an update as soon as we have got one
ourselves. We did show short response times so far, and we will continue this way.
Enjoy!
Paul Dale and Walter Bonin
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 5 of 103
PRINT CONVENTIONS
Please note:
Throughout this manual, standard font is Arial. Specific terms, names or titles are
printed in italics. Hyperlinks are underlined. Bold italic letters like n are used for variables. Calculator commands – e.g. ENTER – are generally called by their names,
printed in capitals for easy recognition. Each and every command featured is listed in
the Index of Operations below.
This font is taken for explicit references to keys.
Register addresses are printed using bold Times New Roman, while lower case italic
letters of this font are employed for register contents. So, for example, y lives in stack
level Y, r45 in general purpose register R45, and alpha in the alpha register, respectively. Overall stack contents are quoted in the order [ x, y, z, …].
All this holds unless stated otherwise explicitly.
GETTING STARTED
If you know how to deal with a good old HP RPN scientific calculator, you can
start with your WP 34S right away. Use the following as a reference manual.
Else we recommend you get an HP-42S Owner’s Manual. It is available at low
cost on the DVD distributed by the Museum of Hewlett-Packard Calculators
(www.hpmuseum.org). There are also other sources in the internet.
Please read Part 1 of said manual as a starter. This part includes an excellent
introduction to RPN. This RPN is a very effective method making , , , ,
, and keys obsolete in calculations. Once you got used to it you will
most probably never employ a calculator featuring again.
Part 2 of said manual will support you when you are heading for programming
your WP 34S for easy handling of repeated or iterative computations. Further
documentation, also about the other calculators mentioned above and in the following text, will add valuable information – it is all readily accessible on a single
DVD from said source.
Most ―old‖ commands on your WP 34S will work as they did on the HP-42S. This little
manual here is meant as a supplement showing you all the new features. It contains
all the necessary information including some formulas and technical explanations but
is not intended to replace textbooks about mathematics, statistics, physics, programming, or the like.
The following text starts presenting the keyboard as it will be active in various modes,
so you know where to find what you are looking for. It continues explaining the memory, addressing items therein, the display and indicators used to give you feedback
what is going on. Then the major part of this booklet is taken by the index of all the
operations, catalog contents, constants and conversions featured. It closes with a list
of messages the WP 34S will display if special conditions prevent it from executing
your command as expected.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
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WHAT’S ON THE KEYBOARD AND HOW TO ACCESS IT?
Let us investigate your WP 34S in default state. Take off the battery cover, locate the
little RESET hole between the batteries, and use a paper clip to reset. This will erase
all user contents and give you a fresh start.
As usual, white labels execute the default primary function of the respective key.
There are further
(secondary) functions provided for
34 keys. Their labels are printed
next to the white
ones in golden,
blue, green or grey
color.
Green labels are
placed
on
the
slanted faces of 34
keys. Golden and
blue labels are
printed below of
the respective key
on the key plate of
the WP 34S. Grey
letters are put bottom left of 26 keys.
Labels printed underlined open catalogs.
To access a golden, blue, or green
label, use the prefix , , or ,
respectively.
E.g. the key preceded by
will calculate the arithmetic mean values of the data accumulated in the statistic registers via ,
will return the standard deviations for the same data via ,
will open a catalog of supplementary statistic functions via .
The grey letter R will become relevant in alpha mode, e.g. for input of text.
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These prefixes allow for easily accessing a multiple of the 37 primary functions the
keyboard can take. You may keep the respective prefix pressed if you want to call
several functions in sequence showing the same label color. Any numeric entry will
just fill the display and is interpreted when completed, not earlier.
Time for a little example. Please take your WP 34S and press
(i.e. the bottom left key) to turn your calculator on. You will get
Unless specified otherwise, we shall quote the numeric results only in the following, i.e. here.
Now let us assume you want to fence a little patch of land 40 feet long and 30
feet wide. You have set the first corner post (A) already, and also the second
(B) in a distance of 30 feet from A. Where do you place the third post (C) to be
sure setting up the fence forming a proper rectangle? Simply enter:
(this key is for separating two numbers in input here)
( is reached via and )
So, just take a 90 feet rope, nail its one end on post A and the other one on B,
fetch the loose loop and walk 40 feet away. As soon as both parts of the rope
are tightly stretched, stop and place post C there. You may set the fourth post
the same way.
This method works for arbitrary rectangles. Your WP 34S does the calculation
of
(or whatever lengths apply for you) automatically. You just care
for the land, the rope, hammer and nails. And it will be up to you to set the
posts!
As in this example, we will generally refer to shifted functions like by just printing
the colored label in this text and omit the prefix key of corresponding color, since redundant.
By the way, by pressing the function POL is called, converting rectangular to
polar coordinates. Most labels printed on your WP 34S simply call operations carrying the same name as the respective label. There are, however, also a number of
cases like . Thus, let us introduce them, starting top left on the keyboard:
, , , and are called hotkeys, since they immediately call the user
programs carrying these labels if defined. If the respective labels are not (yet)
defined, these keys act as , , , or , respectively.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
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is the prefix for hyperbolic functions, as is for their inverses (see
SINH, COSH, TANH, ASINH, ACOSH, and ATANH). In analogy, stands
for ASIN, etc.
is the prefix for five immediate conversions: trailed by , ,
, , or will convert x , i.e. the value currently displayed. The
respective function names all begin with . Additionally, trailed by , ,
, or will show x converted to an integer number of the respective base
until the next keystroke. And furthermore, is employed for indirect addressing.
calls REC, converting polar to rectangular coordinates in 2d. So the pair
takes care of the two classic coordinate transformations.
is mainly employed as a prefix for calling complex operations. See the respective paragraph below for more.
and enter the fraction mode for proper and improper fractions, respectively (see PROFRC and IMPFRC).
and represent the two time modes, where stands for decimal hours, but also for floating point numbers in general (see DECM).
enters alpha mode, while , , , or will enter integer modes for
calculating with binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal numbers (see BASE…).
calls x! in default floating point mode.
toggles radix marks (see RDX, and RDX. ), programming mode,
upper and lower case in alpha mode, and calls ABS.
These were all the special labels featured. You will find each and every command
provided on your WP 34S below in the index of operations for your reference, together with the necessary individual explanation.
In four decades of pocket calculators, a wealth of nice to sophisticated application
examples were invented and described by different authors – more and better than
we can ever create ourselves. Also it is not our intention to copy these old examples.
Instead, we recommend the DVD mentioned above once more: it contains all the user guides, handbooks, and manuals of vintage Hewlett Packard calculators. Be assured that almost everything described there for any scientific calculator can be done
on your WP 34S as well, just significantly faster.
Let us return to our introductory example for two remarks:
1. There is no need to enter any units. The example will work with meters as
well, for example.
2. Although we entered integer numbers only for both sides of our little ground,
the calculation was executed in default floating point mode of your WP 34S.
This calculator mode allows for decimal fractions of e.g. feet in input and output as well. Another mode lets you key in proper fractions like e.g. 6 ¼.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
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Before you suffer from feet fractions, however, we want to briefly show you some additional modes your WP 34S features (you will find a complete list of all modes provided in a separate chapter further below).
Integer modes are meant to deal with integers only – in input, output, and calculations. This is useful for computer logic and similar applications. Your WP 34S allows
for binary, ternary, etc. through hexadecimal computing. In these modes, operations
like SIN don‘t make sense for obvious reasons. Thus, for integer bases up to ten, the
top row of keys on your WP 34S will effectively work as shown here:
A
B
yX
√x
C
D
MODE
In hexadecimal integer mode, primary functions of these top keys will change to become numeric input, so will be used for accessing their default primary functions:
A
B
yX
√x
C
D
MODE
A
B
C
D
E
F
The dark red background is used to highlight changed key functionality here. Prefix
will access the default primary functions wherever they aren‘t primary anymore.
Calculating in bases 11 … 15, those keys not needed for numeric input will work as
shown in the first picture above. In any integer base, attempts to enter an illegal digit
– like e.g. 4 in binary – will be blocked.
Alpha mode is designed for text entry, e.g. for prompts. In this mode, the alpha register is displayed in the upper part of the LCD, and the numeric line (kept from your
last calculation) is accessible by commands only. The display may look like this:
In alpha mode, almost all the mathematical operations are neither needed nor applicable. So the keyboard is redefined automatically when you enter alpha mode, as
shown overleaf.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
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1/x
A
B
STO
C
D
RCL
E
g
f
F
h
VIEW
G
H
I
XEQ
J
▲
8
M
K
7
ENTER
4
L
/
9
N
CLx
CL
O
5
P
×
6
!
Q
▼
1
STATUS
(
)
TEST
EXIT
0
OFF
PSE
R
2
U
S
T
3
–
X.FCN
V
W
+
●
X
Y
Z
All labels printed on dark red background in this picture append characters to alpha
immediately or via alpha catalogs. Primary function of most keys is appending the
letter printed bottom left of this key – grey on the key plate. Alpha mode starts with
capitals, and toggles upper and lower case. appends a space. As in integer
modes, will access default primary functions wherever necessary 2.
Looking at the standard labels on the keyboard, we can safely offer more:
2
The digits 0 and 1 may also be called using
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
or , respectively.
Edition 3.0
Page 11 of 103
√
1/x
__
A
STO
G
B
C
RCL
R
VIEW
H
R
&
|
4
!
?
EXIT
OFF
L
/
≠
£
O
P
×
6
$
TEST
R
1
S
3
–
€
X.FCN
V
+
¥
./,
Y
Z
W
●
X
T
2
U
0
PSE
CLx
CL
9
N
5
Q
STATUS
(
)
K
8
M
▼
\
7
▲
J
h
±
F
g
I
E
f
ENTER
XEQ
D
CPX
All labels printed on dark blue background here append characters to alpha as well,
but deviate from the labels printed on your WP 34S keyboard at these locations.
Prefix leads to homonymic Greek letters where applicable 3. And gives
access to logic symbols via the Boolean operations, to ‗!‘, to ‗?‘ at the letter Q, as well
3
―Homonymic‖ according to ancient Greek pronunciation. And we assigned Gamma also to ‗C‘ due to
the alphabet, Chi to ‗H‘ since this letter comes next in pronunciation, and Iota also to ‗J‘. Three
Greek letters require special handling: Psi is accessed via (below ), Theta via
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
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as to four currency symbols located next to the %-command as follows: $ at the letter
S, € at U for Euro, £ at P, ¥ at Y for Yen or Yuan – and % at .
The catalogs accessible via , , , , , and feature
even more characters (see below). See the index of operations for αSTO, αRCL, and
more alpha commands.
When alpha exceeds 31 characters, the leftmost character(s) are discarded.
A temporary alpha mode is entered during input processing in comparisons and in
memory addressing, e.g. during storing. Examples are shown below. See the respective virtual keyboard here:
A
B
C
D
I
L
8
4
5
1
×
6
▼
/
9
▲
K
7
ENTER
J
MODE
2
T*
–
3
+
0
X
Y
Z*
This mode is
left automatically
when
sufficient characters are put
in for the respective command.
Special rules
apply for ‗T‘
and ‗Z‘ – see
below.
(below and following ‗T‘), and Eta via . Omicron is not featured since looking
exactly like the Latin letter ‗O‘ in either case. – Where we printed Greek capitals with lower contrast,
they look like the respective Latin letters in our fonts. Greek professors, we count on your understanding.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
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REAL AND INTEGER OPERATIONS
Most of the commands your WP 34S features are mathematical operations or functions in real domain. ―Real domain‖ means these functions use real numbers like 1 or
2.34 or or 5.6E-7, and work with them. Please note integer numbers like 8, 9, 10, or
-1 are just a subset of real numbers.
Most real number functions provided operate on one number only – the number currently displayed. For example, key in
and press
since 0.72 = 0.49
Generally, such functions replace x (i.e. the number currently displayed) by the result
f(x) , that‘s all they do.
Some of the most popular mathematical functions, however, operate on two numbers. Think of + and – , for example. On your WP 34S, such a two-number real function replaces x by the result f(x, y) . Now the stack enters the game. Think of it like a
pile of numbers. For subtracting two numbers, you need to know them first, then you
can execute the subtraction. That‘s the essence of RPN.
So having an account of 1,234 US$ and taking 56.7 US$ from it is solved as follows:
enter first number
separates the two numbers in input as in the
very first example above
enter second number
subtract it from the first
By , the first number is ―pushed on the stack‖ so a second separate number
can be entered in sequence. The operation takes its input from the lowest two
stack levels X and Y but needs only X to put its result in. Knowing your WP 34S features more than only two stack levels, level Y is then filled with the content of the next
higher level, i.e. z . This goes on for higher levels, as shown below. Please note the
top stack level content is repeated then (since there is nothing else available for filling). You may use this top level repetition for some nice tricks.
There are also a few three-number real functions included – e.g. Iβ and %MRR – replacing x by the result f(x, y, z) . Then Y is filled with t and so on, and the content of
the top level is repeated twice.
Some real functions (e.g. DECOMP) operate on one number but return two. Other
operations (like RCL or SUM) do not consume any stack input at all but just return
one or two numbers. Then these extra number(s) will be pushed on the stack, taking
one level per real number.
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STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS, PROBABILITIES ETC.
You will find a lot of statistics in your WP 34S, going far beyond the Gaussian distribution. Many preprogrammed functions are implemented here for the first time in an
RPN calculator – we packed all in what we always had missed. All of these functions
have a few features in common:
Discrete statistical distributions (e.g. Poisson, Binomial) are confined to integers.
Whenever we sum up a probability mass function (pmf 4)
to get a cumulated
distribution function (cdf)
we start at
. Thus,
m
F (m) p(n) Pm .
n 0
Whenever we integrate a function, we start at the left end of the integration interval. Thus, integrating a continuous probability density function (pdf)
to get a
cdf
typically works as
x
F ( x)
f d Px .
Typically, F starts with a very shallow slope, becomes steeper then, and runs out
with a decreasing slope while slowly approaching 100%. Obviously you get the
most precise results on the left side of the cdf using P . On its right side, however, the ―error probability‖ Q = 1 – P is more precise: since P comes very close
to 100% there, you may see 1.0000 displayed while e.g. P = 0.99996 in reality.
On your WP 34S, with an arbitrary cdf named XYZ you find the name XYZ -1 for its
inverse and XYZP for the pdf or pmf, unless stated otherwise explicitly.
For calculating confidence limits for the ―true value‖ based on a sample evaluation, employing a particular confidence level (e.g. 95%), you must know your objective:
o Do you want to know the upper limit, under which the ―true value― will lie with a
probability of 95%? Then take 0.95 as the argument of the inverse cdf to get
said limit, and remember there is an inevitable chance of 100% – 95% = 5%
for the ―true value‖ being greater than it.
o Do you want an upper and a lower limit confining the ―true value‖? Then there
is an inevitable chance of 5% / 2 = 2.5% for said value being less than the
4
In a nutshell, discrete statistical distributions deal with ―events‖ governed by a known mathematical
model. The pmf then tells the probability to observe a certain number of such events, e.g. 7. And the
cdf tells the probability to observe up to 7 such events, but not more.
For doing statistics with continuous statistical variables – e.g. the heights of three-year-old toddlers –
similar rules apply: Assume we know the applicable mathematical model. Then the respective cdf
tells the probability for their heights being less than an arbitrary limit value, for example less than 1m.
And the corresponding pdf tells how these heights are distributed in a sample of let‘s say 1000 children of this age.
WARNING: This is a very coarse sketch of this topic only – please turn to textbooks about statistics to learn dealing with it properly.
The terms pmf and pdf translate to German „Dichtefunktion― or „Wahrscheinlichkeitsdichte―, cdf to
„Verteilungsfunktion― or „Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung―.
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lower limit and an equal chance for it being greater than the upper limit. So
you shall use 0.025 and 0.975 as arguments in two subsequent calculations
using the inverse cdf to get both limits.
Turn to a good statistics textbook for more information, also about the terminology
used and the particular distributions provided.
MATRICES
Numbers arranged in a flat grid like in a table are called matrices by the mathematicians. If you do not know matrices, feel free to leave them aside – you can use your
WP 34S perfectly without them.
Else please note your WP 34S features a set of operations for adding, multiplying,
inverting and transposing matrices, as well as for manipulating rows in such matrices.
In general, the respective commands are building blocks designed to provide the low
level support routines for creating more useful matrix functions as keystroke programs. I.e. they represent the basic linear algebra subprograms of the WP 34S matrix support. There are, however, also functions featured for computing determinants
as well as for solving systems of linear equations.
A matrix is represented within your WP 34S by its descriptor, formatted bb.rrcc
with
rr being the number of its rows and
cc the number of its columns. Thus the matrix has rr × cc elements.
These elements are stored in consecutive registers starting at base address
|bb| . See below to learn about the registers of your WP 34S.
Example: A descriptor 7.0203 represents a 2×3 matrix – let us call it (M). As you
know, its six elements are arranged in two rows and three columns, and are numbered as follows:
The descriptor tells us now where to find the values of these elements:
m11 = r07 , m12 = r08 , m13 = r09 , m21 = r10 , m22 = r11 , and m23 = r12 .
If cc is omitted in a descriptor, it is set to rr so a square matrix is assumed. The maximum number of matrix elements is 100 – it is the number of general purpose registers available. A vector descriptor looks like bb.01cc or bb.rr01 .
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 16 of 103
COMPLEX OPERATIONS
Mathematicians know more complicated items than real numbers. The next step are
complex numbers. If you do not know them, leave them aside – you can use your
WP 34S perfectly without them.
Else please note your WP 34S supports many operations in complex domain as well.
The key is employed as a prefix for calling complex functions. E.g.
calls the complex cosine, and it is displayed and listed as CCOS (the
elevated C is the signature for complex functions on your WP 34S). All such functions
operating on complex numbers do so in Cartesian coordinates exclusively. Each
complex number occupies two adjacent registers: the lower one for its real part and
the higher one for its imaginary part.
Generally, if an arbitrary real function f operates on …
… one real number x only, then its complex sibling
complex number xc = x + i y .
… one register, e.g. R12, then
… x and y, then
C
f will operate on the
C
f will operate on R12 and R13.
C
f will operate on x, y, z and t .
Where one-number real functions replace x by the result f(x) , one-argument complex functions replace x by the real part and y by the imaginary part of the complex
result Cf(xc) . Higher stack levels remain unchanged. Such functions are C1/x, CABS,
C
ANGLE, CCUBE, CCUBERT, CFIB, CFP, CIP, CRND, CSIGN, CW, CW -1, Cx!, Cx2, C√‾,
C
C
+/–, Γ(x), the logarithmic and exponential functions with bases 10, 2 and e, as well
as hyperbolic, trigonometric, and their inverses.
Two-number real functions replace x by the result f(x, y) . Analogously, twoargument complex functions replace x by the real part and y by the imaginary part of
the complex result Cf(xc, yc) . The next stack levels are filled with the complex contents of higher levels, and the complex number contained in the top two stack levels
is repeated as shown below. Such complex functions are CLOGX, Cyx, Cβ(x,y), C// ,
and the basic arithmetic operations in complex domain.
Where complex operations (like CRCL) do not consume any stack input at all but just
return a complex number, this will be pushed on the stack taking two levels.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 17 of 103
MEMORY
Mode
Alpha (31 bytes)
Display
Stack registers
General purpose
registers
D
C
B
A
T
Z
Y
X
R00
R01
R02
…
00
01
02
…
000
001
002
…
…
R85
R86 Σ (x2 y)
R87 Σ x
R88 Σ x²
…
97
98
99
A
…
504
505
506
R89 Σ y
B Big, overflow
R90 Σ y²
C Carry
R91 Σ (x y)
D Danger
*
*
*
*
L
I **
For the first time ever in a calculator, your WP 34S offers a
choice of 4 or 8 stack levels. So either T or D will be the top level.
Registers A - D will be allocated as stack registers if required.
Please see below for top level repetition and stack contents in
complex calculations. While register L takes the real part of the
last argument, I takes the imaginary part when a complex function was executed (see CLASTx).
Using , registers R86 - R99 will contain statistical sums as
indicated. J and K may be taken for parameters of statistical distributions.
Unless required for the purposes just mentioned, A - D, I, J, and
K are available as additional general purpose registers. For indirect addressing, the stack levels and named registers carry the
numbers 100 … 111 as shown at right.
For information about the flags, please turn overleaf.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
User flags
Program steps
X = R100
R92 n
Y = R101
R93 Σ (ln x)
Z = R102
R94 Σ (ln² x)
T = R103
R95 Σ (ln y)
A = R104
R96 Σ (ln² y)
B = R105
R97 Σ(lnx lny)
C = R106
R98 Σ (x ln y)
D = R107
R99 Σ (y ln x)
L = R108
I = R109
J
***
J = R110
K
***
K = R111
Page 18 of 103
Flags 00 … 99 are free to use for whatever purpose you like.
Flags A, B, C and D may be used the same way, but the system checks them, too. Flag A lights the big ‗=‘ symbol in display. In integer modes, flags B and C will be set by the system
in analogy to the overflow and carry bits of the HP-16C. Some
integer operations (like shift and rotate) also read flag C. Flag D
may be set by the user to allow special results (infinities and
non-numeric results) without getting an error. The system only
reads D.
For indirect addressing, flags A … D carry the numbers 100 …
103.
In addition to the RAM provided, your WP 34S allows you to
access flash memory for voltage-fail safe storage of user programs and data. Flash memory features up to ten segments
(regions, banks) of 1 kB each. Segment 0 is the backup region,
holding the image of the entire program memory, registers and
calculator state as soon as you completed a SAVE. The other
segments hold programs only. Alphanumeric labels (see below)
in flash can be called via XEQ like in RAM. This allows creating
program libraries in flash. Use CAT to see the labels defined
already.
Flash memory is ideal for backups or other long-living data, but
shall not be used for repeated transient storage like in programmed loops (since it will not survive more than some 10,000
flashes). Registers and standard user program memory, residing in RAM on the opposite, are designed for frequent data
changes – but will not hold data with the batteries removed. So
both kinds of memory have specific advantages and disadvantages you shall take into account for optimum benefit and long
lasting joy with your WP 34S.
Furthermore, there is a memory section called XROM (for ―extended ROM‖), where some additional routines live. Though
written in user code, these are read only and thus can be
called, executed, but not edited. For you, it shall make no difference whether a preprogrammed routine executes in ROM or
XROM.
Structuring program memory and jumping around in it is eased
by labels you may tag to any program steps – as known from
previous programmable pocket calculators. Your WP 34S features a full set of alphanumeric labels as described below.
When a command like e.g. GTO xy is encountered, with xy
representing one, two or three characters (like A, BC, 12, Tst,
Pg3, x1µ, etc.), your WP 34S will search this label xy using the
following method:
1. If xy is purely numeric, it will be searched forward from the
current position of the program pointer. When the end of
the program space is reached without finding xy, the quest
will continue at the start of the current segment. No other
segments will be searched. This is as known from vintage
HP calculators.
2. Else, i.e. if xy is an alpha label of up to three characters of
arbitrary case, searching will start at program step 000 and
cover the entire memory in the order RAM, flash segments
8, 7, …, 1, 0, and XROM, independent of the position of the
program pointer.
Find more about flash memory in Appendix A below.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 19 of 103
STACK MECHANICS
The following assumes you are familiar with RPN – else please turn to the HP-42S Owner’s Manual first.
Level
The fate of particular stack register contents depends on the operation executed, its domain (real or complex) and the stack size chosen. Real functions in a 4-level stack work as known for decades. In a larger stack, everything works alike on your WP 34S – just with
more levels for intermediate results. Please note only the contents of X are displayed in any case. See below for details of the stack
mechanics:
With 4
stack
levels
Assumed
stack contents
at the beginning:
T
Z
Y
X
With 8
stack
levels
D
C
B
A
T
Z
Y
X
Stack contents after executing …
… real functions of
… the real stack register operations
ENTER
FILL
DROP
xy
R
R
LASTx
… one
number
like x2
… two
numbers
like /
t
z
y
x
z
y
x
x
x
x
x
x
t
t
z
y
t
z
x
y
x
t
z
y
z
y
x
t
z
y
x
last x
t
z
y
x2
t
t
z
y/x
d
c
b
a
t
z
y
x
c
b
a
t
z
y
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
d
d
c
b
a
t
z
y
d
c
b
a
t
z
x
y
x
d
c
b
a
t
z
y
c
b
a
t
z
y
x
d
c
b
a
t
z
y
x
last x
d
c
b
a
t
z
y
x2
d
d
c
b
a
t
z
y/x
Calculating formulas from inside out stays a wise strategy in either stack. With more levels, however, stack overflow will hardly ever
happen, even with the most advanced formulas you compute in your life as a scientist or engineer.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 20 of 103
Calculating with complex numbers uses two registers or stack levels for each such number as explained above and shown here:
With 8
stack
levels
Level
With 4
stack
levels
Stack contents after executing …
Assumed
stack contents
at the beginning:
T
Im(yc) = Im(tc)
Im( xc )
Z
Re(yc) = Re(tc)
Re( xc )
Y
Im( xc )
Im( xc )
X
Re( xc )
Re( xc )
D
Im( tc )
C
Re( tc )
B
Im( zc )
A
Re( zc )
T
Im( yc )
Z
Re( yc )
Y
Im( xc )
X
Re( xc )
… complex functions of
… the complex stack register operations
C
ENTER
C
FILL
C
DROP
yc = tc
yc
C
C
xy
LASTx
… one
number
like Cx2
… two
numbers
like C/
xc
xc
yc = tc
yc = tc
yc
last xc
Im( (xc)2 )
Im( yc / xc )
Re( (xc)2 )
Re( yc / xc )
C
R
Im( xc )
Re( xc )
Im( yc )
Re( yc )
R
C
zc
xc
tc
tc
xc
zc
zc
tc
tc
yc
xc
tc
zc
tc
yc
yc
zc
tc
xc
xc
zc
xc
zc
xc
xc
yc
zc
xc
xc
yc
yc
yc
tc
last xc
(xc)2
yc / x
So, an 8-level stack gives you the same flexibility in complex domain you are used to with a 4-level stack in real domain.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 21 of 103
c
COMPARING AND ADDRESSING REAL NUMBERS
1 User input
Dot matrix
display
2 User input
Dot matrix
display
3 User input
, , , , ≈, , or
OP _ (with temporary alpha mode set), e.g.
or
6
6
leaves temp.
alpha mode.
OP _ (with temporary alpha mode set), e.g.
Stack level or
named register
opens indirect
addressing. , , , .. , 7
Number of register
or flag or bit(s)
or decimals 8
5
9
opens indirect
addressing.
OP n
e.g.
OP x
e.g.
OP r_
OP _
OP x
e.g.
OP nn
e.g.
OP _
Compares x
with the
number 0.
Compares x
with the number on stack
level Y.
Register no.
…
Look right for
more about
indirect addressing.
Sets scientific display
with the number of
decimals specified
in stack level Z.
Stack level etc.
, , , ... ,
Register number
…
OP r nn
e.g.
OP x
e.g.
OP nn
e.g.
Compares x
with the number
stored in R23.
Shows the content of
the register where L
is pointing to.
Stores x into the location where R45 is
pointing to.
Dot matrix
display
5
Stack level or
named reg.
, , ...
, , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , bit or flag commands, etc.
For and , any of , , , , , or may precede step 2, except in RCLM and STOM.
calls ENGOVR, calls SCIOVR. See the index of operations.
You may skip this for register numbers >19.
calls αVIEW, And
7
Exceptions: RCL T, RCL× T, RCL Z, RCL+ Z require an preceding or , e.g. for the latter. This holds for STO as well.
8
Legal register numbers are 00 … 111 (00 … 99 may be specified directly). Valid flag numbers are 00 … 103, with the four top flags directly addressed via ,
, , and . Legal numbers of decimals are 0 … 11, accepted integer bases 2 … 16, bit numbers 0 to 63, and integer word size up to 64 bits. For numbers
<10, you may key in e.g. instead of . – Please take into account some registers may be allocated to special applications.
9
Works for all commands taking a parameter or argument except DELP.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 22 of 103
COMPARING AND ADDRESSING COMPLEX NUMBERS
1 User input
Dot matrix
display
Dot matrix
display
3 User input
, , or
OP _ (with temporary alpha mode set)
e.g.
OP _ (with temporary alpha mode set)
e.g. 10
Stack level or
named register
, , , ,
, or
11
leaves temp.
alpha mode
opens indirect
addressing.
Stack level or
named register
12, , ,
, or
OP n
OP x
OP r_
OP _
OP x
e.g.
e.g.
Compares x + i y
with the real
number 0.
Compares x + i y
with z + i t .
or
2 User input
or
e.g.
Register number
…
Look right for
more about indirect addressing.
opens indirect
addressing.
OP nn
OP _
e.g.
C
This is LASTx.
OP r nn
e.g.
Dot matrix
display
Register number
.. 13
Stack level or
named register
, , ... ,
Register number
…
OP x
e.g.
OP nn
e.g.
Swaps x with the contents of the
register where Z is pointing to,
and y with the contents of
the next one.
Compares x + i y
with r26 + i r27 .
10
For and , any of
11
You may skip this keystroke for register numbers >19.
12
Exceptions: RCL Z, RCL + Z, STO Z, and STO + Z require an preceding , e.g. for the latter.
13
C
C
Stores x + i y into
2 consecutive registers, starting with
the one where R45
is pointing to.
, , , or may precede step 2. See the index of operations.
C
C
You may key in e.g. instead of . Take care of pairs, since a complex operation will always affect two registers: the one specified and the
one following this. We strongly recommend storing complex numbers with their real parts at even register numbers. – Please take into account some registers
may be allocated to special applications.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 23 of 103
ADDRESSING LABELS
1 User
input
, , , or
, , , , , , , , or
XEQ label
e.g.
OP _
e.g.
Dot
matrix
display
2 User
input
Calls the function
labeled C.
Dot matrix
display
3 User
input
14
sets alpha mode.
opens indirect addressing and
sets temporary alpha mode.
OP label
e.g.
OP ‘_
OP _
Sums up the function
labeled B.
Alphanumeric
label
(1 … 3 characters 15)
Stack level
or named register
, , , ... ,
… 16
OP ‘label’
e.g.
OP x
e.g.
OP nn
e.g.
Solves the function F1µ
(with F1µ keyed in as
explained in footer).
Integrates the
function whose label
is on stack level T.
Executes the routine
whose label
is in R44.
, , , or
Dot matrix
display
2-digit numeric label
…
OP nn
e.g.
Register number
Additionally, see above for the way your WP 34S searches labels, and look up GTO in the index of operations for two special cases
applying to this command exclusively.
14
Works with all these operations except .
15
character terminates entry and closes alpha mode again – shorter labels need a closing . For the example given here you just press
and you are done. Statements including alpha labels decrement the number of free program steps by 2. –
The 3
rd
WARNING: LBL A and LBL‘A‘ are different animals! The latter is entered in alpha mode, the first via the hotkey directly.
16
Some registers may be allocated to special applications. Please check the memory table above.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 24 of 103
DISPLAY AND MODES
The display features three sections: numeric, dot matrix and fixed symbols. The numeric
section features a minus sign and 12 digits for the mantissa, as well as a minus sign and
3 digits for the exponent. The dot matrix is 6 dots high and 43 dots wide, allowing for
some 7 to 12 characters, depending on their widths. The fixed symbols (except the big
―=‖) are called annunciators, and are for indicating modes.
The dot matrix section above is used for
1. indicating some more modes than the annunciators allow,
2. passing additional information to the user.
The numeric section in the lower part of the LCD is used for displaying numbers in different formats, for status, or messages.
If two or more requests concur for display space, the items will be shown according to
their priorities as follows:
1. error messages as described in a paragraph further below,
2. special information as explained below,
3. information about the modes the calculator is running in.
The annunciators or specific characters in the LCD signal the modes:
Integer base or
mode name
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15
16
Signaled by …
in the exponent
b
3
4
5
6
7
o
9
d
h
Set by …
-3
-4
-5
any other BASE setting, FRACT, , .
, , , , and TIME will set DECM
Mode name
PRG
Signaled by …
STO
INPUT
Cleared by …
-2
BASE3, … , BASE7, , BASE9, , … , BASE15
Cleared by …
Set by …
-1
DECM
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
ON
OFF
FRC
360
RAD
G
Edition 3.0
,
2nd in input
BASE1, FRACT
BASE ≠ 1
, TIME,
, , ,
Page 25 of 103
BEG indicates the program pointer standing at step 000 of program memory. A running
program is signaled by a flashing RCL annunciator. RPN may be lit permanently. Time
modes (12h / 24h) are seen in the time string directly. The numeric format of fraction
mode is unambiguous as well. Further settings are signaled in the dot matrix section,
like the different date modes being indicated there by Y.MD or M.DY. Defaults D.MY and
DECM are not indicated. Please check the examples below.
Some mode and display settings may be stored and recalled collectively by STOM and
RCLM. These are stack depth and contrast set, complete decimal display settings, trig
mode, choices for date and time display, the parameters of integer and fraction mode,
curve fitting model and rounding mode selected. STOM stores this information in the
register you specify. RCLM recalls the contents of such a register and sets the calculator
modes accordingly. Please note the user is responsible for recalling valid mode data –
else your WP 34S may be driven into a lockup state! See the index of operations for
more information about changing modes and the individual commands employed.
Some regional combinations may be set at once using a single command:
SETCHN sets 24h, Y.MD, decimal point, and E3OFF;
SETEUR sets 24h, D.MY, decimal comma, E3ON, and JG1582 (these settings
apply also to South America);
SETIND sets 24h, D.MY, decimal point, E3OFF, and JG1752;
SETUK sets 12h, D.MY, decimal point, E3ON, and JG1752.
SETUSA sets 12h, M.DY, decimal point, E3ON, and JG1752;
Please note the people living in the area of the former Soviet Union, in South Africa, Indonesia, and Vietnam use the decimal comma as well, but have different settings for
dates and times.
Especially the angular modes deserve a closer look: there are three of them, DEG, RAD,
and GRAD. And degrees (DEG) may be displayed in decimal numbers as well as in
hours, minutes, seconds and hundredth of seconds (H.MS). Conversions are provided
for going from one to the other:
From
degrees
H.MS
decimal
degrees
radians
gon
(grad)
current
angular
mode
—
H.MS
—
—
—
H .d
—
rad°
G°
DEG
radians
—
°rad
—
Grad
RAD
gon/grad
—
°G
radG
—
GRAD
current angular mode
—
DEG
RAD
GRAD
—
to
degrees H.MS
decimal degrees
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 26 of 103
Please see the index of operations for the commands printed on white background, and
the catalog of unit conversions for those printed on yellow.
Some commands and modes use the display in a special way. They are listed below in
order of falling priority:
1. VERS generates a display similar to the one shown on the title page of this manual.
Pressing any key will delete this message and return to previous state.
2. SHOW displays the full mantissa of x, i.e. all sixteen digits present internally. E.g.
returns
.
Pressing any key will return to previous display.
3. STATUS shows the status of 30 user flags very concisely in one display, allowing an
immediate status overview after some training. If e.g. flags 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 14, 17,
19, and 23 are set, and labels B, C, and D are defined in program memory, STATUS
will display this:
Within the numeric section, each row of horizontal bars in the mantissa shows the
status of 10 flags. When a flag is set, the respective bar turns black. So here the top
row of bars indicates flags 0 and 1 are clear, 2 and 3 set, and flag 4 clear. Then, the
divider II separates the first group of five flags from the next. Top row bars on its right
side indicate flags 5 and 7 are set. Next row of bars shows flags 11, 13, 14, 17, 19
are set, and in the lowest row only flag 23 is set. All other flags in the range from 10
to 29 are clear.
Scrolling down by will display flags 10 - 39, then 20 - 49 etc. until 70 - 99, 80 - D,
and 90 - D. Scrolling up by reverts this. Alternatively, pressing a digit, e.g. 5, will
show up to 30 flags starting with 10 times this digit, e.g. flags 50 - 79. The numeric
exponent always indicates the status of the hotkeys top left on the keyboard – if all
four labels are used in program memory then ALL will be displayed there.
The status will be displayed until any key is pressed but , , or a digit.
4. During command input, the dot matrix displays the command chosen until input is
completed, i.e. until all required trailing parameters are entered. The prefixes , ,
and are shown until they are resolved. If you pressed any of , , or erroneously, recovery is as easy as follows:
o = NOP = = = =
o = =
= =
= =
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 27 of 103
In addressing, progress is recorded as explained in the tables above in detail. You
may cancel such pending operations by as described below.
5. In programming mode, the numeric display indicates the program step (000 – 505)
in the mantissa and the number of free steps in the exponent, while the dot matrix
shows the command contained in the respective step, e.g.:
6. For floating point decimal numbers, the mantissa will be displayed adjusted to the
right, the exponent to the left. Within the mantissa, either points or commas may be
selected as radix marks 17, and additional marks may be chosen to separate thousands. Assume the display set to FIX 4, then 12.345678901 millions may look like:
or
with thousands separators on, and without them like:
or
These separators may also be beneficial in integer or fraction modes described below. – With ENG 3 and after changing the sign, the same number will look like this:
or
If the last operation executed was a complex one, a capital C is displayed top left in
the dot matrix pointing to the fact that you find the result of this function in X and Y.
Floating point decimal numbers within
may be entered easily.
–394
Using a decimal mantissa, even numbers down to 10
can be keyed in. The calculator works with numbers down to 10 –398 correctly. Smaller values are set to zero.
For results
, error 4 or 5 will appear (see below).
7. In integer modes, numbers are displayed adjusted to the right as well. Word size
and complement setting are indicated in the dot matrix using a format xx.ww, with xx
being 1c or 2c for 1‘s or 2‘s complement, respectively, un for unsigned, or sm for
sign-and-mantissa mode. Sign and first digit of the exponent show the base, a ―c‖ in
the second digit signals a carry bit set, an ―o‖ in the third an overflow. Integer bases
are indicated as follows:
17
Starting here, decimal input is written using a point as radix mark throughout this manual, although significantly less visible, unless specified otherwise explicitly. By experience, the „comma people― are more
capable to read radix points and interpret them correctly than vice versa.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 28 of 103
Base 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Sign and 1st digit of
b
exponent displayed
3
4
5
6
7
o
9
d
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
h
The example shows the WP 34S displaying an arbitrary number in unsigned hexadecimal mode with word size 64 and carry set:
After changing to binary mode, this number will need 28 digits, being
1001001110100001010010110110. The 12 least significant digits will be displayed
initially together with an indication that there are three display windows in total with
the rightmost shown:
Now press and you will get the next 12 digits in the middle window:
Press again to show the most significant digits:
If leading zeros were turned on, there will be six display windows in this case, with
the three ―most significant‖ containing only zeros.
Please note numeric input is limited to 12 digits in any integer base.
8. Fraction mode works similar to HP-35S. In particular, DENMAX sets the maximum
allowable denominator (see the index of operations). Display will look like in the examples below. If the fraction is exactly equal, slightly less, or greater than the floating
point number converted, ―=‖, ―Lt‖, or ―Gt‖ is indicated in the exponent, respectively.
This mode can handle numbers with absolute values < 100,000 and > 0.0001. Maximum denominator is 9999. Underflows as well as overflows will be displayed in the
format set before fraction mode was entered.
Now assume your WP 34S being reset. Key in -47.40625 and you will see:
or after :
.
Please note integers like 123 will be displayed as ―123 0/1‖ or ―123/1‖ in fraction
mode, respectively, to indicate this mode.
Squaring the improper fraction shown above results in
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Now, enter for converting this result into a proper fraction. You will get
with a little hook left of the first digit shown. This indicates the leading number is displayed incompletely – there are at least two digits preceding 47 but no more display
space. Press to unveil the integer part of this proper fraction is 2247.
Input in fraction mode is straightforward and logically coherent:
Key in:
and get in proper fraction mode:
( = 0.12 )
( = 1 0/2 ! )
For comparison, please note the HP-32SII reads the last input here as ½ – which is,
however, not consistent with its other input interpretations in fraction mode.
9. In H.MS display mode, format is hhhh°mm'ss.dd" with the number of hours or
degrees limited to 9000. Output may look like this:
or
depending on the radix setting. For decimal times less than 5ms or 0.005 angular
seconds but greater than zero, an ―u‖ for underflow will be lit in the exponent section.
For times or angles exceeding the upper limit, an ―o‖ will be shown there signaling an
overflow, and the value is displayed modulo 9000.
10. Output of the function WDAY will look as follows for an input of 1.13201 in M.DY
mode (equivalent to inputs of 13.01201 in D.MY or 2010.0113 in Y.MD):
Expect similar displays after DAYS+. – Dates before the year 8 may be indicated differently to what they really were due to the inconsistent application of the leap year
rule before this.
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11. In alpha mode, the alpha register is displayed in the dot matrix, showing the last
characters it is containing, while the numeric section keeps the result of the last numeric operation, e.g.:
Different information may be appended to alpha. See the commands starting with ―α‖
in the index of operations below. E.g. αTIME allows creating texts like
or
depending on time mode setting (12h / 24h). And αDATE will append – depending on
date format setting – either 2011-04-16 or 16.04.2011 or 04/16/2011 to alpha.
Please note alpha may contain up to 31 characters. And your WP 34S features a rich
set of special letters. So you may easily store a message like
Use and for browsing it in steps of 6 characters. Browsing to the left will stop
with the very first characters shown, browsing to the right stops showing the right end
completely, i.e.
in this very special case.
All keyboard input will be interpreted according to the mode set at input time.
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FONTS
Your WP 34S features a large and a small font. Both are based on Luiz Viera‘s fonts as
distributed in 2004. Some letters were added and some modified for better legibility,
since the dot matrix is only 6 pixels high here. The following tables show the characters
directly accessible through the keyboard:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
Α Β Γ Γ Δ Ε Ζ Θ Η Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Φ Υ Φ Χ
α β γ δ ε δ ε ϑ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π π ζ η υ θ χ ψ ω
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
( ) + - × / ± . ! ?
% √ \ & | ≠ $ € £ ¥
More characters live in the alpha catalogs you find below.
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INDEX OF OPERATIONS
All commands available are found below with their names and keystrokes necessary.
Names printed in bold face in this list belong to functions directly accessible on the keyboard, the other commands may be picked from catalogs. The command names will
show up identically catalogs and in program listings unless specified otherwise explicitely. Sorting in index and catalogs is case insensitive and works in the following order:
␣, 0…9, A…Z, …, ( ) + – × / ± , . ! ? : ; ‗ ― # * @ _ ~
< ≤ = ≠ ≥ > % $ € £ ≦ √ ∫ ∞ & \ ^ | G [ ] { }
Super- and subscripts are handled like normal characters in sorting. The fifth last item in
the sorting order list above is the indicator for the angular mode GRAD.
Generally, functions and keystroke programming will work as on HP-42S, bit and integer
functions as on HP-16C, unless stated otherwise under remarks. Especially, all tests will
return ―true‖ or ―false‖ in the dot matrix if called from the keyboard; if called in a program,
they will skip the next program line if the test is false. Please refer to the manuals of the
vintage calculators mentioned for additional information about traditional commands.
Functions available on the WP 34S for the first time on an RPN calculator are highlighted yellow under remarks, while operations carrying a familiar name but deviating in
their functionality here are marked light red.
Parameters will be taken from the lowest stack level(s) unless mentioned explicitly in
the 2nd column – then they must follow the command. If underlined, they may also be
specified using indirect addressing, as shown in the tables above. Some parameters of
statistical distributions must be given in registers J and K if specified.
In the following, each function is listed stating the mode(s) it will work in, abbreviated by
their indicators. In this column an ―&‖ stands for a Boolean AND, a comma for an OR,
and a backslash for ―not‖. So e.g. 2X works in all modes but alpha. All operations may
also be entered in mode PRG unless stated otherwise explicitly.
Name
Keys to press
in modes
C…
…
DECM
10 x
DECM
Remarks
Indicates an operation allowing complex input(s)
and/or complex results (see above). The prefix
may be heading all functions whose
names are printed in italics in this list.
12h
…
\
Sets 12h time display mode meaning 1:23 becomes 1:23 AM and 13:45 becomes 1:45 PM.
This makes a difference in αTIME only.
1COMPL
…
\
Sets 1‘s complement mode like in HP-16C.
DECM
DECM
1/x
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Shortcut as long as label B is not defined yet.
Edition 3.0
Page 33 of 103
Name
Keys to press
in modes
24h
…
\
Sets 24h time display mode meaning 1:23 AM
becomes 1:23, and 1:45 PM becomes 13:45.
2COMPL
…
\
Sets 2‘s complement mode like in HP-16C.
x
\
\
2x
Remarks
A-C
Returns the absolute value.
ABS
DECM
Returns r
ACOS
DECM
Returns arccos x .
ACOSH
DECM
Inverse hyperbolic cosine, known as arcosh.
Note there is no need for pressing here.
…
DECM
Returns the arithmetic-geometric mean of x and
y.
AGM
n
ALL
x 2 y 2 in X and clears Y.
ALL 00 works like ALL in HP-42S. For x > 1013,
however, display will switch to SCI or ENG with
the maximum number of digits necessary (see
SCIOVR / ENGOVR). The same will happen if
and more than 12 digits are required
to show x completely.
\
Integer
Works bitwise as in HP-16C.
DECM
Works like AND in HP-28S, i.e. x and y are interpreted before executing this operation. 0 is
―false‖, any other real number is ―true‖.
…
DECM
Returns the angle between positive x-axis and
the straight line from the origin to the point
(x, y) , i.e.
. This is a two-number
function, it consumes y.
ASIN
DECM
Returns arcsin x .
ASINH
DECM
Inverse hyperbolic sine, known as arsinh.
ASR n
Integer
Works like n (up to 63) consecutive ASR commands in HP-16C, corresponding to a division
by 2n . ASR 0 executes as NOP, but loads L.
ATAN
DECM
Returns arctan x .
ATANH
DECM
Inverse hyperbolic tangent, known as artanh.
AND
ANGLE
ASR
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Name
Keys to press
BACK
BACK n
BASE
BASE n
BASE10
BASE16
BASE2
BASE8
BATT
BC?
BestF
in modes
Jumps n program steps backwards (1 ≤ n ≤ 99).
PRG So e.g. BACK 01 goes to the previous step.
Reaching step 000 stops program execution.
Sets the base for integer calculations, with
2 ≤ n ≤ 16. Popular bases are directly accessible
on the keyboard. Current integer base setting is
indicated in the exponent as explained above.
Furthermore, BASE0 equals DECM, and BASE1
calls FRACT. See below.
\
ATTENTION: Going from DECM to any integer
mode, the current stack contents will be truncated. Going from integer to DECM, the current
stack contents will be converted. Other register
contents will not!
DECM
Measures the battery voltage in the range between 1.9V and 3.4V and returns this value.
Integer
As above but returns the voltage in 0.1V units.
BC? n
Integer
Tests the specified bit in x .
…
DECM
Selects the best curve fit model, maximizing the
correlation like BEST does in HP-42S.
…
Binomial distribution with the number of successes g in X, the probability of a success p0 in
J and the sample size n in K:
BinomP 18 returns
Binom
BinomP
Remarks
…
n
n g
p B ( g ; n; p0 ) p0g 1 p0 .
g
DECM
m
Binom returns
FB (m; n; p0 ) p B ( g ; n; p0 ) ,
g 0
with the maximum number of successes
m in X.
Binom –1
Bn
18
Binom –1 returns m for given probabilities FB in X
and p in J with sample size n in K.
…
DECM
Returns the Bernoulli number for an integer n >
0 given in X:
Bn 1
n 1
n 1 n . See below for δ.
BinomP equals BINOMDIST(g; n; p0; 0) and Binom equals BINOMDIST(m; n; p0; 1) in MS Excel.
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Name
Keys to press
Bn*
BS?
in modes
Remarks
…
DECM
Returns the Bernoulli number according to its old
definition for integer n > 0 given in X:
2 2n !
Bn*
2n . See below for δ.
2 2n
BS? n
Integer
Tests the specified bit in x .
Cauchy-Lorentz distribution (also known as Lorentz or Breit-Wigner distribution) with the location x0 specified in J and the shape in K :
Cauch
CauchP returns f Ca x
CauchP
…
1
x x0
1
2
,
x x0
1 1
arctan
2
.
–1
Cauch returns x for a given probability FCa in X,
with location x0 in J and shape in K.
Cauch –1
CEIL
DECM
Cauch returns FCa x
CB
1
CB n
Integer
Clears the specified bit in x .
…
DECM
Returns the smallest integer ≥ x .
CF n
\
Clears the flag specified.
CLALL
…
\PRG
Clears all registers and programs if confirmed.
CLFLAG
…
\
Clears all user flags.
\PRG
Positions the program pointer to step 000 and
clears the subroutine return stack.
CF
CLP
…
PRG
CLREG
…
All
Clears all general purpose registers. The stack
and its contents are kept.
\
Clears all stack registers, i.e. X through T or
X through D, respectively. All other register contents are kept.
CLSTK
Clears all the program memory if confirmed. Not
programmable.
…
CLx
All
Clears X only, disabling stack lift as usual.
CL
All
Clears the alpha register like CLA in HP-42S.
CLΣ
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
DECM
Clears all statistical sums in the respective general purpose registers.
Edition 3.0
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Name
COMB
Keys to press
in modes
DECM
Remarks
Returns the number of possible sets of y items
taken x at a time. No item occurs more than
once in a set, and different orders of the same x
items are not counted separately.
y
y!
Formula: C y , x
x
x! y x !
…
DECM
Changes the sign of y , thus returning the complex conjugate of xc .
CORR
DECM
Returns the correlation coefficient for the current
statistical data and curve fitting model.
COS
DECM
Returns the cosine of the angle in X.
COSH
DECM
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x.
CONJ
COV
…
DECM
Returns the population covariance for two data
sets. It depends on the fit model selected. For
LinF, it calculates
1
n xi yi xi yi
n2
See sxy for the sample covariance.
COVxy
CUBE
…
\
Returns x3 .
CUBERT
…
\
Returns
.
D-F
DATE
…
DECM
Recalls the date from the real time clock and
displays it in the numeric section in the format
selected. See D.MY, M.DY, and Y.MD.
The function DATE of HP-12C corresponds to
DAYS+ in your WP 34S (see below).
DAY
DAYS+
DECM
Assumes x containing a date in the format selected and extracts the day.
…
DECM
Works like DATE in HP-12C, adding x days on a
date in Y in the format selected and displaying
the resulting date including the day of week in
the same format as WDAY does.
…
Integer
Double precision commands for remainder, multiplication and division like in HP-16C.
…
DBLR
DBL ×
DBL /
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Name
DEC
DECM
Keys to press
in modes
Remarks
DECr
\
Decrements r by one, equivalent to 1 STO– r ,
but without modifying the stack.
\
Sets default decimal mode for calculations.
Decomposes x (after converting it into an improper fraction, if applicable), resulting in a stack
FRC [numerator(x), denominator(x), y, z]
or
[num(x), den(x), y, z, t, a, b, c] , respectively.
Reversible by division.
DECOMP
…
DEG
DECM
Sets angular mode to degrees.
…
DECM
Takes x as degrees and converts them to the
angular mode currently set.
DEG
DENANY
…
\
Sets default fraction format like in HP-35S, allowing maximum precision. Any denominator up
to the value set by DENMAX may appear.
DENFAC
…
\
Sets ―factors of the maximum denominator‖.
With e.g. DENMAX = 60, possible denominators
are 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, and 60.
DENFIX
…
\
Sets fixed denominator format, i.e. the denominator equaling DENMAX always.
\
Works like /c in HP-35S, but maximum denominator settable is 9999. It will be set to this value if x < 1 or x > 9999 at execution time. For
x = 1 the current setting is recalled.
\
Takes a descriptor of a square matrix in X and
returns the determinant of the matrix. The matrix
is not modified.
DENMAX …
DET
DISP
DROP
DSE
…
DISP n
…
r
DECM
\
Changes the number of decimals shown while
keeping the basic display format (FIX, SCI,
ENG) as is. With ALL set, DISP will change the
switchover point (see ALL).
Drops x . See above for details and CDROP.
Given cccccc.fffii in r , DSE decrements r
by ii, skipping next program line if then
ccccccc ≤ fff . If r features no fractional part
PRG then fff is 0 and ii is set to 1.
Note that neither fff nor ii can be negative,
and DSE makes only sense with cccccc > 0.
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Name
Keys to press
in modes
Remarks
DSL
DSLr
PRG Works like DSE but skips if ccccccc < fff .
DSZ
DSZr
PRG
Decrements r by one, and skips if
r 1 the-
reafter. Known from the HP-16C.
D.MY
…
DJ
…
DECM
Takes x as a date in the format selected and
converts it to a Julian day number according to
JG…
DR
DECM
Please see the catalog of conversions below for
conversions from degrees to radians.
E3OFF
Sets the format for date display.
\
…
\
Toggle the thousands separator (either a point
or a comma depending on the radix setting).
ENG
n
\
Sets engineering display format.
ENGOVR
\
Numbers exceeding the range displayable in
ALL or FIX will be shown in engineering format.
See SCIOVR.
ENTER
\
See above for details.
E3ON
Checks the entry flag. This internal flag is set if:
ENTRY?
…
All
…
DECM
erfc
EVEN?
ex
ExpF
any character is entered in alpha mode, or
any command is accepted for entry (be it
via , a function key, or with
a partial command line).
Returns the error function or its complementary:
erf
ERR
erf x
2
x
e
2
d and erfcx 1 erf ( x)
0
Raises the error specified and clears the rePRG turn stack. See below for the respective error
codes.
ERR n
…
Checks if x is integer and even.
\
DECM
…
DECM
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Selects
y a0 e
Edition 3.0
the
a1 x
exponential
curve
fit
model
.
Page 39 of 103
Name
Keys to press
in modes
Exponential distribution with the rate in J :
Expon
ExponP
ExponP 19 returns f Ex x e
…
DECM
ex -1 eX-1
FAST
FB
Expon returns FEx x 1 e
x
x
,
.
Expon –1 returns the survival time ts for a given
probability FEx in X and rate in J.
Expon –1
EXPT
Remarks
...
DECM
Returns the exponent h of the number displayed
. Compare MANT.
DECM
Returns more accurate results for the fractional
part of eX with x ≈ 0 .
Sets the processor speed to ―fast‖. This is startup default and is kept for fresh batteries.
All
FB n
Integer
Inverts (―flips‖) the specified bit in x .
FC?
FC?C
FC?
etc.
n
\
Tests if the flag specified is clear. Clears, flips, or
sets this flag after testing, if applicable.
FF n
\
Flips the flag specified.
…
\
Returns the Fibonacci number Fx .
FILL
\
Copies x to all stack levels. See details above.
FIX
n
\
Sets fixed point display format.
FC?F
FC?S
FF
FIB
FLOOR
FP
FP?
FRACT
…
DECM
Returns the largest integer ≤ x .
DECM
Returns the fractional part of x .
…
\
Tests x for having a nonzero fractional part.
…
\
Sets fraction mode like in HP-35S, but keeps
display format as set by PROFRC or IMPFRC.
\
Tests if the flag specified is set. Clears, flips, or
sets this flag after testing, if applicable.
FS?
FS?C
FS?F
FS?
etc.
n
FS?S
19
The pdf corresponds to EXPONDIST(x; ; 0) and the cdf to EXPONDIST(x; ; 1) in MS Excel.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 40 of 103
Name
Keys to press
in modes
FP(x)
F(x)
…
DECM
F –1(p)
f ‘(x)
f ‘(x) label
DECM
f ‖(x)
Remarks
F-distribution. The cdf F(x) equals 1 - Q(F) in
HP-21S. The degrees of freedom are specified
in J and K.
Return the first or second derivative of f(x), respectively, with the function f(x) being specified
in a routine starting with LBL label. The return
stack will have y, z, and t cleared and the position x in L.
Either command will attempt to call a user routine labeled 'δx' to provide a fixed step size dx. If
that routine is not defined, a step size of 0.1 is
employed instead.
f ‖(x) label
G-I
GCD
…
Returns the Greatest Common Divisor of x
and y .
\
Geometric distribution:
GeomP returns f Ge m p0 1 p0 ,
Geom
m
Geom returns
GeomP
Geom
…
DECM
GRAD
m1
, being
the probability for a first success after m = x
Bernoulli experiments. The probability p0 for
a success in each such experiment must be
specified in J.
Geom –1 returns the number of failures f before
the first success for given probabilities FGe in X
and p0 in J.
–1
GRAD
FGe m 1 1 p0
DECM
Sets angular mode to gon or grads.
…
DECM
Takes x as given in gon or grads and converts
them to the angular mode currently set.
PRG Inserts an unconditional branch to label.
label
\PRG, \
GTO
,
, , or
nnn
\
Positions the program pointer to label.
Positions the program
pointer …
(not programmable)
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
… to step nnn .
… to step 000 .
GTO …
… to one of these
labels, if defined.
\
Takes the first three characters of alpha (or less
if there are less available) as a label and positions the program pointer to it.
Edition 3.0
Page 41 of 103
Name
Keys to press
in modes
Remarks
Hermite's polynomials for probability:
H n x 1 e
n
Hn
…
DECM
x2
2
dn
dx n
x 2
e
with n in Y,
2
solving the differential equation
f " x 2 x f ' x 2n f x 0 .
Hermite's polynomials for physics:
Hnp
…
H.MS
IMPFRC
…
x2
DECM
DECM
Assumes X and Y containing times or degrees
in the format hhhh.mmssdd , and adds or subtracts them, respectively.
H.MS–
IBASE?
n
Assumes X containing decimal hours or degrees, and displays them converted in the format
hhhh°mm’ss.dd” as shown in the paragraph
above. Will return to the previous decimal display with the next keystroke thereafter.
H.MS+
…
with n in Y.
d n x2
H np x 1 e n e
dx
DECM
\
Returns the integer base set (see BASE).
\
Sets fraction mode allowing improper fractions in
display (i.e. 5/3 instead of 1 2/3). Converts x according to the settings by DEN… Absolute decimal equivalents of x must not exceed 100,000.
Compare PROFRC.
Allows displaying improper fractions. Thus conFRC verts a proper fraction in X into the equivalent
improper fraction, if applicable.
INCr
\
Increments r by one, equivalent to 1 STO+ r ,
but without modifying the stack.
INTM?
…
\
Tests if your WP 34S is in an integer mode.
INT?
…
\
Tests x for being an integer, i.e. having a fractional part equal to zero. Compare FP?.
INC
IP
ISE
ISEr
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
DECM
Returns the integer part of x .
PRG Works like ISG but skips if ccccccc ≥ fff .
Edition 3.0
Page 42 of 103
Name
Keys to press
in modes
Given cccccc.fffii in r , this function increments r by ii, skipping next program line if
then ccccccc > fff. If r features no fractional
PRG part then ii is set to 1.
r
ISG
Remarks
Note that neither fff nor ii can be negative,
but cccccc can.
ISZ
ISZr
PRG
Increments r by one, skipping next program line
if then r 1 . Known from the HP-16C.
Returns the regularized incomplete beta function
Iβ
…
DECM
x
x x, y, z
1
z 1
t y 1 1 t dt
y, z
y, z 0
with x
being the incomplete beta function
being Euler‘s beta (see below).
and
Returns the regularized incomplete gamma funcIΓ
…
DECM
tion
x, y
x
y
x 1 t
with x, y t e dt being the
0
lower incomplete gamma function. For see below.
J-L
…
DECM
These two commands reflect different dates the
Gregorian calendar was introduced in different
large areas of the world. DJ and JD will be
calculated accordingly.
…
DECM
Takes x as a Julian day number and converts it
to a date according to JG... in the format selected
JG1582
JG1752
JD
KEY?
KEY? a
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
All
Tests if a key was pressed while a program was
running or paused. If no key was pressed, the
next program step after KEY? will be executed,
else it will be skipped and the code of said key
will be found in address a . Key codes start top
left and correspond to the rows and columns on
the keyboard – so e.g. corresponds to 11,
to 16, to 21, and to 75.
Edition 3.0
Page 43 of 103
Name
Keys to press
KTY?
KTY? a
in modes
Remarks
Assumes a key code in address a . Checks this
code and returns
0 … 9 if it corresponds to a digit … ,
10 if it corresponds to , , or ,
11 if it corresponds to , , or ,
12 if it corresponds to any other key.
All
May help in user interaction with programs.
LASTx
LBL
label
LBL?
LCM
LEAP?
See above for details.
\
LBL?label
…
…
Identifies programs and routines for execution
PRG and branching. See opportunities for specifying
label in the table above.
All
Tests for the existence of the label specified,
anywhere in program memory. See opportunities
for specifying label in the table above.
\
Returns the Least Common Multiple of x and y.
DECM
Takes x as a date in the format selected, extracts the year, and tests for a leap year.
Lognormal distribution with ln x g specified
in J and ln in K. See xg and below.
LgNrm
LgNrmP returns f Ln x
LgNrmP
…
DECM
LgNrm returns
1
x 2
e
ln x 2
2 2
,
ln x
FLn x
with Φ(z)
denoting the standard normal cdf.
LgNrm
–1
LINEQS
LinF
LJ
LN
LgNrm –1 returns x for a given probability FLn in
X, µ in J, and σ in K.
…
Takes a base register in X, a vector descriptor in
Y, and a descriptor of a square matrix in Z.
Solves the system of linear equations
and returns the filled out vector descriptor in X.
\
…
DECM
Selects the linear curve fit model y a0 a1 x .
…
Integer
Left adjust as in HP-16C.
DECM
Returns the natural logarithm of x , i.e. the logarithm of x for base e.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 44 of 103
Name
Keys to press
in modes
Remarks
Laguerre's polynomials (compare Lnbelow):
Ln
…
DECM
Ln x
e x d n n x
n x e L(n0) x with n in Y,
n! dx
solving the differential equation
x y"1 x y'ny 0 .
LN1+x
Ln
LN β
LN1+x
…
DECM
DECM
LNβ
LOG10
LOG2
LogF
…
x e x d n n x
x e
.
n! dx n
DECM
Returns the natural logarithm of Γ(x) . See there.
LNΓ
…
L(n ) x
Returns the natural logarithm of Euler‘s β function. See there.
LNΓ
LOAD
Laguerre's generalized polynomials with n in Y
and in Z:
DECM
LNβ
LN Γ
Natural logarithm of values close to zero. Returns ln 1 x , providing a much higher accuracy in the fractional part of the result.
Restore the entire backup. Compare SAVE.
\
DECM
Returns the logarithm of x for base 10.
Returns the logarithm of x for base 2.
\
DECM
Selects
the
logarithmic
y a0 a1 ln x .
curve
fit
model
Logistic distribution with μ given in J and s in K .
Logis
LogisP
LogisP returns f Lg x e
…
Logis –1
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
DECM
x
s
x
s 1 e s
x
s
F
x
1
e
Logis returns Lg
2
,
1
.
p
for a
1 p
probability p given in X, μ in J, and s in K.
Logis
Edition 3.0
–1
returns FLg1 p s ln
Page 45 of 103
Name
Keys to press
in modes
DECM
Returns the logarithm of y for base x .
DECM
Returns the complex logarithm of z + i t for the
complex base x + i y .
LOGx
LZOFF
…
LZON
L.R.
Remarks
Toggles leading zeros like flag 3 does in
HP-16C. Relevant in integer modes only.
\
…
DECM
Returns the parameters a1 and a0 of the fit curve
through the data points accumulated, according
to the model selected, and pushes them on the
stack. For a straight regression line, a0 is the yintercept and a1 the slope.
…
DECM
Returns the mantissa m of the number displayed
. Compare EXPT.
Integer
Work like MASKL and MASKR on HP-16C, but
with the mask length following the command instead of taken from X.
M-O
MANT
MASKL
MASKR
MAX
MASKL n etc.
…
MIN
Returns the maximum (minimum) of x and y .
\
MIRROR …
Integer
Reflects the bit pattern in x
(e.g. 000101 becomes 101000 for word size 6).
…
DECM
Assumes x containing a date in the format selected and extracts the month.
DECM
Takes a matrix descriptor in X, a destination row
number in Y, a source row number in Z, and a
real number in T. It multiples each element mzi
by t and adds it to myi . The stack is unchanged.
M.ROW+× is similar to PPC M3.
DECM
Takes a matrix descriptor in X, a row number in
Y, and a real number in Z. It multiples each
element myi by z. The stack is unchanged.
M.ROW× is similar to PPC M2.
DECM
Takes a matrix descriptor in X and two row
numbers in Y and Z. It swaps the contents of
rows y and z. The stack is unchanged. M.ROW
is similar to PPC M1.
MONTH
MROW+×
MROW×
MROW
MSG
…
…
…
MSG n
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Throws the error message specified. It will vaPRG nish with the next keystroke. See below for the
respective error codes. Compare ERR.
Edition 3.0
Page 46 of 103
Name
Keys to press
in modes
Remarks
M+×
…
DECM
Takes two matrix descriptors in X and Y, and a
real number z. Returns
.
Thus a scalar multiple of one matrix is added to
another matrix. The multiply adds are done internally in high precision and results should be
exactly rounded.
M -1
…
DECM
Takes a descriptor of a square matrix in X and
inverts the matrix in-situ. Doesn't alter the stack.
DECM
Takes a matrix descriptor in X , saves it in L,
and returns a value suitable for ISG or DSL looping in X. The loop processes all elements in the
matrix. The loop index is DSL if the descriptor is
negative and ISG else.
DECM
Takes a matrix descriptor in X and a column
number in Y. Returns a loop counter in X, dropping the stack. The matrix descriptor is saved in
L. The loop processes all elements miy only. The
loop index is DSL if the descriptor is negative
and ISG else.
DECM
Takes a matrix descriptor in X, saves it in L, and
returns a loop counter in X. The loop processes
all elements along the matrix diagonal, i.e. all
elements mii . The loop index is DSL if the descriptor is negative and ISG else.
DECM
Takes a matrix descriptor in X and a row number in Y. Returns a loop counter in X, dropping
the stack and setting last L like all two-argument
commands. The loop processes all elements myi
only. The loop index is DSL if the descriptor is
negative and ISG else.
M-ALL
M-COL
M-DIAG
M-ROW
…
…
…
…
Takes two matrix descriptors in Y and Z and the
integer part of x as the base address of the result. Returns
. The fractional part
of x is updated to match the resulting matrix – no
overlap checking is performed.
M×
…
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
DECM
All calculations are done internally in high precision, although it would still be possible to trick
the code up and produce bad results. It would be
very difficult to get the same degree of accuracy
in RPN since the best that can easily be
achieved there is a·b+c·d and a matrix multiply
adds more terms than this.
Edition 3.0
Page 47 of 103
Name
M.COPY
M.DY
M.IJ
M.LU
M.REG
M.SQR?
Keys to press
…
…
in modes
DECM
Remarks
Takes a matrix descriptor in Y and a register
number in X. Copies the matrix into registers
starting at X. Returns a properly formed matrix
descriptor in X.
Sets the format for date display.
\
DECM
Takes a matrix descriptor in X and a register
number in Y. Returns the column that register
represents in Y and the row in X. The descriptor
is saved in L. M.IJ is similar to PPC M4.
DECM
Takes descriptor of a square matrix in X. Transforms the matrix into its LU decomposition. The
matrix is modified in-situ. The value in X is replaced by a pivot descriptor that defines the pivots that were required to calculate the decomposition. The most significant digit is the pivot for
the first diagonal entry, the next most the second
and so forth.
…
DECM
Takes a matrix descriptor in X, a row number in
Y, and a column number in Z. The descriptor is
saved in L. M.REG returns the register number
in X (popping the stack twice). It is similar to
PPC M5.
…
DECM
Takes a matrix descriptor in X and tests it. Returns ―true‖ if the matrix is square.
…
…
NAND
…
\
Works in analogy to AND.
NaN?
…
\
Tests x for being ―Not a Number‖.
nBITS
…
Integer
Counts bits set in x like #B does on HP-16C.
nCOL
…
DECM
Takes a matrix descriptor in X, saves it in L, and
returns the number of columns in this matrix.
NEXTP
…
NOP
…
NOR
…
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
\
Returns the next prime number > x.
PRG ―Empty‖ step FWIW.
\
Works in analogy to AND.
Edition 3.0
Page 48 of 103
Name
Keys to press
in modes
Remarks
Normal distribution with an arbitrary mean µ
specified in J and standard deviation σ in K :
Norml
…
DECM
NormlP
20
returns f N x
1
2
e
x 2
2 2
,
x
FN x
. See below
for the standard normal distribution Φ.
Norml returns
NormlP
…
DECM
Returns x for a given probability FN in X, mean µ
in J, and standard deviation σ in K 21.
Integer
Works in analogy to AND.
…
DECM
Takes a matrix descriptor in X, saves it in L, and
returns the number of rows in this matrix.
n
…
DECM
Recalls the number of accumulated data points.
Necessary for basic statistics.
ODD?
…
Norml –1
NOT
nROW
OFF
OR
Checks if x is integer and odd.
\
PRG
Inserts a step to turn your WP 34S off under
program control.
Works in analogy to AND.
\
P-R
PERM
DECM
Returns the number of possible arrangements of
y items taken x at a time. No item occurs more
than once in an arrangement, and different orders of the same x items are counted separately.
Formula: Py , x x!C y , x , compare COMB.
Legendre's polynomials:
Pn x
Pn
…
DECM
n
1 dn
n x2 1
n
2 n! dx
with n in Y, solving
the differential equation
d
d
1 x2
f x nn 1 f x 0 .
dx
dx
20
NormlP corresponds to NORMDIST(x; µ; σ; 0) and Norml to NORMDIST(x; µ; σ; 1) in MS Excel.
21
This corresponds to NORMINV(FN; µ; σ) in MS Excel.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 49 of 103
Name
Keys to press
in modes
Poisson distribution with the number of successes g in X, the gross error probability p0 in J,
and the sample size n in K. Alternatively, Poisson‘s n p0 may be in J if k = 1:
Poiss
PoissP
Remarks
…
DECM
PoissP 22 returns PP ( g ; )
g
g!
e ,
m
Poiss returns
FP (m; ) PP ( g ; ) , with the
g 0
maximum number of successes m in X.
Poiss –1
PowerF
PRCL
PRIME?
Poiss –1 returns m for given probabilities FP in X
and p in J with sample size n in K.
…
PRCL n
…
DECM
y a0 x a1 .
\
Recall the user program space from flash segment n to RAM where it may be edited then (see
above).
\
Checks if the absolute value of the integer part
of x is a prime. The method is believed to work
for integers up to 9E18.
DECM
PROFRC
Selects the power curve fit model
Sets fraction mode like in HP-35S, allowing only
proper fractions or mixed numbers in display.
Converts x according to the settings by DEN…
Absolute decimal equivalents of x must not exceed 100,000. Compare IMPFRC.
Allows displaying only proper fractions. Thus
FRC converts an improper fraction in X, if applicable,
e.g. 5/3 into 1 2/3.
PROMPT
PSE
PSTO
22
…
Displays alpha and stops program execution
PRG (equaling VIEW followed by STOP actually).
See below for more.
nn
Refreshes the display and pauses program execution for nn ticks, with
. The
PRG
pause will be terminated early as soon as a key
is pressed.
PSTO n
\
Stores the user program space in flash segment
n (see above).
The pmf corresponds to POISSON(g; ; 0) and the cdf to POISSON(g; ; 1) in MS Excel.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 50 of 103
Name
Keys to press
PUTK
PUTK a
in modes
Remarks
Assumes a key code in address a . Stops program execution, takes said code and puts it in
the keyboard buffer resulting in immediate execution of the corresponding call. is required to resume program execution.
All
May help in user interaction with programs.
P
RAD
RAD
RAN#
P n
Exchanges the user program space with the
contents of flash segment n (see above).
\
DECM
Sets angular mode to radians.
…
DECM
Takes x as radians and converts them to the angular mode currently set.
DECM
Returns a random number between 0 and 1 like
RAN in HP-42S.
Integer
Returns a random bit pattern for the word size set.
RCFs
RCF
\
Works like RCL but recalls from a register in
flash memory. Also the six recall arithmetic operations may be performed like with RCL.
RCFs
RCF.RG
…
\
Recovers all general purpose registers from the
backup region (see SAVE and above).
RCF.ST
…
\
Recovers the system state from the backup region (see SAVE and above).
\
See the addressing table above for CRCL.
\
Recalls mode settings stored via STOM as described above.
\
Recalls 4 or 8 values from a set of registers
starting at address s, and pushes them on the
stack. This is the converse command of STOS.
RCL
s
RCLM
RCLM s
RCLS
RCLS s
RCL+
s
RCL–
s
Recalls the content of address s, executes the
specified operation on it and pushes the result
on the stack.
RCL×
s
E.g. RCL–12 subtracts r12 from x and displays
the result (acting like 12 , but without
losing a stack level). In analogy, CRCL–12 subtracts r12 from x and r13 from y.
RCL/
s
See the addressing table above for CRCL.
\
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 51 of 103
Name
Keys to press
RCL
s
in modes
\
RCL () recalls the maximum (minimum) of the
values in s and X.
\
Sets the decimal mark to a comma.
s
RCL
Remarks
RDX,
RDX,
RDX,
Toggles the radix mark.
RDX.
RDX.
\
Sets the decimal mark to a point.
…
\
Tests if your WP 34S is in real mode.
…
\
Prepares your WP 34S for receiving data via
serial I/O. See Appendix A for more.
All
Executes CLALL and resets all modes to startup default, i.e. 24h, 2COMPL, ALL 00, DEG,
DENANY,
DENMAX 9999,
DECM,
LinF,
PROFRC, RDX., SCIOVR, SSIZE4, WSIZE 64,
Y.MD. See these commands for more information. RESET is not programmable.
RDX.
REALM?
RECV
RESET
…
RJ
…
RL
RL n
RLC
Integer
Right adjusts, in analogy to LJ on HP-16C.
Integer
Works like n consecutive RLs / RLCs on
HP-16C. For RL, 1 ≤ n ≤ 63. For RLC, 1 ≤ n ≤
64. RL 0 and RLC 0 execute as NOP.
RLC n
Sets the floating point rounding mode. This is for
numerical mathematics geeks only, since it is
only used when converting from the high precision internal format to packed real numbers. It
will not alter the display nor change the behavior
of ROUND. The following modes are supported:
0: round half even: ½ = 0.5 rounds to next even
number (default).
1: round half up:
0.5 rounds up.
2: round half down: 0.5 rounds down.
3: round up:
away from 0.
4: round down:
towards 0 (truncates).
5: ceiling:
rounds towards +∞.
6: floor:
rounds towards –∞.
RM
…
\
RM?
…
\
Returns the floating point rounding mode set.
See RM for more.
\
Equals RMD on HP-16C.
RMDR
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 52 of 103
Name
Keys to press
in modes
DECM
ROUND
RR
RRC
…
Rounds x to next integer. ½ rounds to 1.
Integer
Works like n consecutive RRs / RRCs on
HP-16C. See RL / RLC for more.
RR n
RRC n
RTN+1
R.CLR
…
…
Rounds x using the current denominator, like
RND in HP-35S fraction mode.
DECM
\PRG
RTN
Rounds x using the current display format, like
RND in HP-42S.
FRC
ROUNDI
Remarks
Moves the program pointer to step 000.
Last command in a routine. Returns control to
the calling routine in program execution, i.e.
moves the program pointer one step behind the
PRG
most recent XEQ instruction encountered. If
there is none, program execution halts and the
program pointer is set to step 000.
Returns control to the calling routine like RTN,
but moves the program pointer to the second
PRG line following the most recent XEQ instruction
encountered. If there is none, program execution
halts.
DECM
Interprets x in the form ss.nn . Clears nn registers starting with number ss .
E.g. for x = 34.56, R-CLR will clear R34 through
R89.
Interprets x in the form ss.nndd . Takes nn
registers starting with number ss and copies
their contents to dd etc.
R.COPY
…
DECM
E.g. for x = 7.0345678, r07, r08, r09 will be copied into R45, R46, R47, respectively.
For x < 0 , R-COPY will take nn registers from
flash memory instead, starting with register
number |ss| there.
Interprets x in the form ss.nn . Sorts the contents of nn registers starting with number ss .
R.SORT
…
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
DECM
Assume x = 49.036 , r49 = 1.2 , r50 = –3.4 ,
and r51 = 0 ;
then R-SORT will return r49 = -3.4 , r50 = 0 ,
and r51 = 1.2.
Edition 3.0
Page 53 of 103
Name
Keys to press
R.SWAP
RD
R
in modes
…
DECM
Works like R-COPY but swaps the contents of
source and destination registers.
DECM
Please see the catalog of conversions below for
conversions of radians to degrees.
R
Remarks
Rotates the stack contents one level up or down,
respectively. See above for details.
\
S-U
s
SAVE
DECM
…
Takes the statistical sums accumulated, calculates the sample standard deviations sy and sx
and pushes them on the stack.
Saves user program space, registers and system state to flash memory. Program space is
stored in segment 0. Registers and system state
are in their own special region.
\
WARNING: Do not use SAVE in program loops!
Else you might kill your flash memory very fast
(see above).
SB
SB n
n
SCI
SCIOVR
Integer
Sets the specified bit in x .
\
Sets scientific display format.
\
Numbers exceeding the range displayable in
ALL or FIX will be shown in scientific format (default as in vintage HP calculators). Compare
ENGOVR.
SDL
SDL n
DECM
Shifts digits left by n decimals, equivalent to multiplying x by 10n .
SDR
SDR n
DECM
Shifts digits right by n decimals, equivalent to
dividing x through 10n .
…
DECM
Stores a seed for random number generation.
SEED
SENDA
SENDL
…
SENDL n
\
Sends all RAM data …
\
Sends the library file of region n into RAM …
SENDP
…
\
Sends the user program
memory …
SENDR
…
\
Sends the general purpose
registers 00 to 99 …
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
… via serial I/O
to the device
connected. See
Appendix A below for more.
Page 54 of 103
Name
Keys to press
in modes
SERR
…
DECM
SERRw
…
DECM
SETCHN
…
SETDAT
…
SETEUR
…
SETIND
SETTIM
SETUK
…
Works like sw but returns the standard error
SINC
SINH
SKIP
SL
y
i
(i.e. the standard deviation of xw).
DECM
Sets the date for the real time clock (doesn‘t
work with the emulator, since the emulator takes
this information from the PC clock).
Set some regional preferences (see above).
\
DECM
Sets the time for the real time clock (doesn‘t
work with the emulator, since the emulator takes
this information from the PC clock).
\
Set some regional preferences (see above).
SF n
\
Sets the flag specified.
…
\
Returns 1 for x > 0, –1 for x < 0, and 0 for
x = 0 or non-numbers.
…
SIN
s
Sets some regional preferences (see above).
\
SIGN
SIGNMT
Works like s but pushes the standard errors
s n on the stack (i.e. the standard deviations
of x and ).
…
SETUSA
SF
Remarks
…
DECM
Returns the unit vector of x + i y in X and Y.
Sets sign-and-mantissa mode for integers.
\
DECM
Returns the sine of the angle in X.
…
DECM
Returns
DECM
Returns the hyperbolic sine of x.
SKIP n
SL n
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
sin x
.
x
Skips n program steps forwards (1 ≤ n ≤ 99). So
e.g. SKIP 02 skips over the next two steps,
going e.g. from step 123 to step 126. If the skip
PRG
would land beyond the end of occupied program
memory, the same will happen as if a RTN had
been encountered.
Integer
Works like n (up to 63) consecutive SLs on
HP-16C. SL 0 executes as NOP.
Edition 3.0
Page 55 of 103
Name
SLOW
Keys to press
in modes
…
All
label
SLV
Remarks
Sets the processor speed to ―slow‖. This is also
entered for low battery voltage.
DECM
Solves the equation f(x) = 0 , with f(x) calculated by the routine specified. Two initial estimates of the root must be supplied in X and Y
when calling SLV. For the rest, the user interface
is as in HP-15C. This also means SLV acts as a
test, so the next program step will be skipped if
SLV failed to find a root.
Solves the quadratic equation ax 2 bx c 0 ,
with the real parameters put on the stack
[ c, b, a, …] , and tests the result.
If r : b 2 4ac 0 , SLVQ returns
b r
2a
in Y and X. In a program, the step after
SLVQ will be executed.
SLVQ
…
DECM
Else, SLVQ returns the real part of the first
complex root in X and its imaginary part in Y
(the 2nd root is the conjugate of the first – see
CONJ). If run directly from the keyboard, the
complex indicator is lit then – in a program,
the step after SLVQ is skipped.
In either case, r is returned in Z. Higher stack
levels are kept unchanged. L contains c.
SMODE?
…
\
Returns the integer sign mode set, i.e.
2 (meaning ―true‖) for 2‘s complement,
1 (―true‖ again) for 1‘s complement,
0 (i.e. ―false‖) for unsigned, or
-1 (i.e. ―true‖) for sign and mantissa mode.
SPEC?
…
\
True if x is special, i.e. infinity or NaN.
SR
SR n
Integer
Works like n consecutive SRs on HP-16C. SR 0
executes as NOP.
…
\
Sets the stack size to 4 or 8 levels, respectively.
See above. Please note register contents will
remain unchanged in this operation. The same
will happen if stack size is changed via RCLM.
…
\
Returns the number of stack levels accessible.
STATUS
\PRG
Shows the status of all user flags, similar to
STATUS on HP-16C. See above.
STO
d
\
See the addressing table above for CSTO.
SSIZE4
SSIZE8
SSIZE?
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 56 of 103
Name
Keys to press
in modes
s
STOM
STOM s
STOS
Stores mode settings for later use as described
above. Take RCLM to recall them.
\
STOP
PRG
STOS d
STO+
d
STO–
d
Remarks
Stops program execution. May be used to wait
for an input, for example.
Stores all stack levels in a set of 4 or 8 registers,
starting at destination d.
\
Executes the specified operation on the content
of address d and stores the result into said address.
STO×
d
E.g. STO–12 subtracts x from r12 like the sequence 12 12 does, but
without touching the stack at all.
STO/
d
See the addressing table above for CSTO.
STO
d
\
d
STO
SUM
…
STO () takes the maximum (minimum) of the
values in d and X and stores it.
\
DECM
Recalls the linear sums Σy and Σx . Useful for
elementary vector algebra in 2D.
Returns the standard deviation for weighted data
sw
…
sw
DECM
y y x y
y y
i
2
i
2
i
i
i
xi
2
2
i
with the weights entered in y via +.
sxy
…
Returns the sample covariance for two data sets.
It depends on the fit model selected. For LinF, it
returns
DECM
s xy
n x i y i x i y i
n (n 1)
.
See COV for the population covariance.
TAN
DECM
Returns the tangent of the angle in X.
TANH
DECM
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of x.
TICKS
…
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
\
Returns the number of ticks from the real time
clock at execution time. With the quartz built in,
1 tick = 0.1 s. Without, it may be 10% more or
less. So the quartz is inevitable prerequisite for
the clock being useful in medium to long range.
Edition 3.0
Page 57 of 103
Name
TIME
Tn
Keys to press
in modes
…
Recalls the time from the real time clock at exDECM, ecution, displaying it in the format hh.mmssdd in
24h-mode. Chose FIX 6 for best results.
…
DECM
Remarks
Chebychev's (a. k. a. Čebyšev, Tschebyschow,
Tschebyscheff) polynomials of first kind Tn(x)
with n in Y, solving the differential equation
1 x y" x y'n
2
TOP?
TRANSP
…
…
DECM
Takes a matrix descriptor in X and returns the
descriptor of its transpose. The transpose is
done in-situ and does not require any additional
registers or storage.
…
DECM
Student‘s t distribution. t(x) equals 1 – Q(t) in
HP-21S. The degrees of freedom are stored in J.
tP(x) denotes the respective pdf.
t –1(p)
Un
y 0.
Executes the next step only if it is called from a
program that isn't a subroutine, i.e. if the proPRG
gram running flag is set and the return stack
pointer points to an empty stack.
tP(x)
t(x)
2
…
DECM
Chebychev's polynomials of second kind Un(x)
with n in Y, solving the differential equation
1 x y"3x y'nn 2y 0 .
2
…
\
Sets unsigned mode for integers.
…
\PRG
Shows your firmware version and build number.
VIEW
s
\
Displays the content of address s until the next
key is pressed. See below for more.
VW+
s
UNSIGN
V-Z
VERS
W
…
Displays the alpha register in the top line plus
the contents of address s in the bottom line until
the next key is pressed. See below for more.
DECM
Returns Lambert‘s W for given x ≥ –1/e .
WDAY
…
DECM
Takes x as a date in the format selected and returns the name of the day in the dot matrix and a
corresponding integer in the numeric display
(Monday = 1, Sunday = 7).
W –1
…
DECM
Returns x for given W ( ≥ -1). See W above.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 58 of 103
Name
Keys to press
in modes
Remarks
Weibull distribution with the shape parameter b
in J and the characteristic lifetime T in K:
Weibl
WeiblP
WeiblP
…
23
DECM
bt
returns f W (t )
T T
Weibl returns FW (t ) 1 e
x
t
T
b 1
e
t
T
b
,
b
.
Weibl –1
Weibl –1 returns the survival time ts for given
probability FW , b in J and T in K.
WSIZE
\
Works like on HP-16C, but with the parameter
following the command instead of taken from X.
Reducing the word size truncates the values in
the stack registers employed, including L.
WSIZE 0 sets the word size to maximum, i.e. 64
bits.
Recalls the word size set.
WSIZE n
WSIZE?
…
\
2
\
PRG Calls the respective subroutine.
label
\PRG, \
XEQ
,,, or
PRG
(you may need for
reaching these hotkeys
in integer bases >10.) \PRG, \
Executes the respective program.
Calls the respective subroutine, so e.g. XEQ C
will be inserted when is pressed.
Executes the respective program if defined.
XEQ
…
\
Takes the first three characters of alpha (or less
if there are less) as a label and calls or executes
the respective routine.
XNOR
…
\
Works in analogy to AND.
\
Works in analogy to AND.
XOR
Returns
23
DECM
the
arithmetic
means,
pushing
1
1
y y and x x on the stack. See
n
n
also s, SERR, and .
The pdf equals WEIBULL(x; b; T; 0) and the cdf WEIBULL(x; b; T; 1) in MS Excel.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 59 of 103
Name
Keys to press
in modes
Remarks
Returns
xg …
DECM
yg n
the
y e
geometric
1
n
ln y
means,
pushing
x
on the
arithmetic
mean
and x g n
stack. See also , m , and P .
Returns
xw …
DECM
x …
x!
xy
y
the
weighted
. See also sw and SERRw.
\
DECM
Returns a forecast x for a given y (in X) following the fit model chosen. See L.R. for more.
DECM
Return the factorial, equaling Γ(x + 1) .
Interprets x as character code. Appends the re spective character to alpha, similar to XTOA in
HP-42S.
x
x
r
\
Swaps the contents of X and r , in analogy to
xy.
x y
\
Swaps x and y , performing ReIm if a complex operation was executed immediately before. See above for details.
x<…?
x < ?a
x≤…?
x ≤ ?a
x=…?
a
x = +0 ?
x=+0?
x = –0 ?
x=–0?
x≈…?
x ≈ ?a
x≠…?
x ≈ ? will be true if the rounded values of x and
a are equal (see ROUND).
\
a and a compare the complex number x + i y as explained
in the addressing table above.
a
x≥…?
x ≥ ?a
x>…?
x > ?a
YEAR
Compare x with a. E.g. x < ? will
compare x with the contents of register K , and
will be listed as in a program. See the
examples given in the addressing table above
for more.
…
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
The signed tests x = +0 ? and x = –0 ? are
meant for integer modes 1COMPL and SIGNMT,
and for DECM if flag D is set. Then, e.g. 0 divided by -7 will display -0.
DECM
Assumes x containing a date in the format selected and extracts the year.
Edition 3.0
Page 60 of 103
Name
y
Keys to press
in modes
Remarks
\
In integer modes x must be ≥ 0.
\ & \(13,
14, 15, h)
Shortcut working as long as label C is not defined yet.
DECM
Returns a forecast y (in X) for a given x following the fit model chosen. See L.R. for more.
x
ŷ
Y.MD
…
\
Sets the format for date display.
\
Swaps the contents of Y or Z and r , in analogy
to x.
r
y
r
z
-
DATE
DAY …
\integer
Takes x as a date and appends it to alpha in the
format set. See DATE. – To append a date
stamp to alpha, call DATE DATE.
\integer
Takes x as a date, recalls the name of the respective day and appends its first 3 letters to alpha.
\
Takes the contents of Rnn as character code.
Takes the first three characters of the converted
code (or less if there is only less) as an alpha
label and positions the program pointer to it.
IP
All
Appends the integer part of x to alpha, similar to
AIP in HP-42S.
LENG
All
Returns the number of characters found in alpha, like ALENG in HP-42S.
GTO
GTO nn
MONTH …
\integer
OFF
PRG &
ON
PRG & \
RCL
s
RCL s
\
RC# RC# s All
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Takes x as a date, recalls the name of the respective month and appends its first 3 letters to
alpha.
Work like AOFF and AON in HP-42S, turning
alpha mode off and on.
Interprets the content of the source s as characters and appends them to alpha.
Takes the content of s as a number, converts it
to a string in the format set, and appends this to
alpha. If e.g. s = 1234 and ENG 2 and RDX. are
set, then ␣1.23E3 will be appended.
Edition 3.0
Page 61 of 103
Name
Keys to press
RL RL n
in modes
Remarks
Rotates alpha by n characters like AROT in HP42S, but with n ≥ 0 and the parameter trailing
the command instead of taken from X. RL 0
executes as NOP.
All
RR RR n All
Works like RL but rotates to the right.
SL SL n
All
Shifts the n leftmost characters out of alpha, like
ASHF in HP-42S. SL 0 equals NOP.
SR SR n
All
Works like SL but takes the n rightmost characters instead.
d
STO
STO d
TIME
\
\integer
Stores the first (i.e. leftmost) 6 characters in the
alpha register into destination d .
Takes x as a decimal time and appends it to alpha in the format hh:mm:ss according to the
time mode selected. See TIME. – To append a
time stamp to alpha, call TIME TIME.
VIEW
All
Displays alpha in the top line and - - - in the
bottom line until the next key is pressed. See
below for more.
\
Takes the contents of Rnn as character code.
Interprets the first three characters (or less if
there are only less) of the converted code as an
alpha label and calls or executes the respective
routine.
XEQ
XEQ nn
Returns the character code of the leftmost cha racter in alpha and deletes this character, like
ATOX in HP-42S.
x
Returns Euler‘s Beta Bx, y
DECM
Γ
DECM
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Rex 0 , Re y 0 . Called here for avoiding ambiguities.
Γ
Γ
x y
with
x y
Returns Γ(x) . Additionally, calls x 1 .
Edition 3.0
Page 62 of 103
Name
Keys to press
ΓDAYS
Δ%
in modes
Remarks
…
DECM
Assumes X and Y containing dates in the format
chosen and calculates the number of days between them. Works like in HP-12C.
DECM
Returns
100
x y
like %CH in HP-42S.
y
Calculates the scattering factors (or geometric
standard deviations) for lognormally distributed
ln y 2n ln y
2
DECM
data
ln( y )
G
n 1
and
ln( x ) and pushes them on the stack. This
works for the geometric mean xg in analogy to
s for the arithmetic mean x but multiplicative.
m m
p p
Works like but pushes the scattering factors of
DECM
DECM
the geometric means m
1
n
on the stack.
Works like but with a denominator n instead of
n – 1 , returning the scattering factors of the
populations. – Streichkandidaten. Zusatzabschnitt über lognv Daten vorne einfügen.
Returns Riemann‘s Zeta function for real argu
ments, with
δ
δ
DECM
x
1
x
n 1 n
for x > 1 and its
analytical continuation for x < 1 :
x 1 x 1 x .
2
x 2 x x 1 sin
π
Π
label
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
DECM
Complex version copies in X and clears Y.
DECM
Computes a product with the routine specified by
label. Initially, X contains the loop control number in the format cccccc.fffii and the
product is set to 1. Each run through the routine
specified computes a factor. At its end, this factor is multiplied with said product; the operation
then decrements ccccccc by ii and runs
said routine again if then ccccccc ≥ fff ,
else returns the resulting product in X.
Edition 3.0
Page 63 of 103
Name
Keys to press
in modes
Remarks
- the End
Σ
label
DECM
Computes a sum with the routine specified by
label. Initially, X contains the loop control number in the format cccccc.fffii and the
sum is set to 0. Each run through the routine
specified computes a summand. At its end, this
summand is added to said sum; the operation
then decrements ccccccc by ii and runs
said routine again if then ccccccc ≥ fff ,
else returns the resulting sum in X.
DECM
Works like s but returns the standard deviations
of the populations instead.
DECM
Recall the respective statistical sums. These
sums are necessary for curve fitting models
beyond pure linear. Calling them by name enhances readability of programs significantly.
ln2x
ln2y
lnx
lnxy
…
lny
xlny
ylnx
Works like sw but returns the standard deviation of the population instead.
w
DECM
y x x
y
2
w
i
i
w
i
x
x2
…
DECM
Recall the respective statistical sums. These
sums are necessary for basic statistics and linear curve fitting. Calling them by name enhances readability of programs significantly.
DECM
Adds a data point to the statistical sums.
DECM
Shortcut as long as label A is not defined yet.
DECM
Subtracts a data point from the statistical sums.
θ(x) …
DECM
Standard normal pdf: x
x2y
xy
y
y2
Σ+
Σ–
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
1 x2 2
e
.
2
Page 64 of 103
Name
Keys to press
Φ(x)
Φ
in modes
z
Standard normal cdf z x dx , equals
DECM
Φ –1(p)
1 – Q in HP-32E and 1 – Q(z) in HP-21S with
z=x.
2
etc.
Chisquare distribution. The cdf 2 (with the degrees of freedom given in J) equals 1 – Q(2) in
HP-21S.
DECM
2P
(-1) X
Φ
2
2INV
Remarks
(-1) X
\
For x not being a natural number, this function
will return cos x .
+
\
Returns y + x .
–
\
Returns y – x .
×
\
Returns y · x .
/
\
Returns y / x .
+/–
\
Unary minus like CHS in HP-35.
DEG
DECM
Takes x as an angle in the angular mode currently set and converts it to degrees. Prefix
may be omitted.
GRAD
DECM
Like DEG, but converts to gon or grads.
H
DECM
Takes x as hours or degrees in the format
hhhh.mmssdd and converts them into a decimal time or angle.
DECM
Takes x as decimal hours or degrees and converts them into hhhh.mmssdd as in vintage
HPs. For calculations, use H.MS+ or H.MS–
then or reconvert to decimal values before.
H.MS
POL
DECM
Assumes X and Y containing 2D Cartesian
coordinates (x , y) of a point and converts them
to the respective polar coordinates (r , ) with
the radius r
x2 y2
RAD
DECM
Works like DEG, but converts to radians.
REC
DECM
Assumes X and Y containing 2D polar coordinates (r , ) of a point and converts them to the
respective Cartesian coordinates (x , y) .
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 65 of 103
Name
Keys to press
%
DECM
MG
DECM
%MG
in modes
Remarks
Returns
x y
, leaving Y unchanged.
100
100
Returns the margin 24
x y
x
in % for a
price x and cost y , like %MU-Price in HP-17B.
Returns the mean rate of return in percent per
%MRR
MRR
DECM
x 1 z
period, i.e. 100 1 with x = future
y
value after z periods, y = present value.
For z = 1 , Γ% returns the same result easier.
%T
T
DECM
Returns 100
DECM
Returns 100
%
%+MG
+MG
∫
∞?
DECM
\, \14,
\15, \h
…
x
.
y
HP-17B. Formula:
1
\
label
x
Calculates a sales price by adding a margin of
x % to the cost y , as %MU-Price does in
√‾
x
, interpreted as % of total.
y
DECM
x
100
Shortcut working as long as label D is not defined yet.
Integrates the function given in the routine specified. Lower and upper integration limits must be
supplied in Y and X, respectively. Otherwise,
the user interface is as in HP-15C.
Tests x for infinity.
\
1
||
24
DECM
Returns
1 1
.
x y
Margin corresponds to „Handelsspanne― in German.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 66 of 103
Alphanumeric input:
Character
Keys to press
␣
°
in modes
Appends a blank space to alpha.
Separates degrees or hours from minutes and
seconds, so input format is hhhh.mmssdd.
The user has to take care where an arbitrary real
number represents such an angle or time.
DECM
Standard numeric input. For integer bases <10,
input of illegal digits is blocked. Please note you
cannot enter more than 12 digits in the mantissa.
\
…
0…9
in adRegister input. See the tables above for more.
dressing
, , ,
… ,
A…F
Remarks
…
(grey print)
Appends the respective digit to alpha.
11, 12, 13, Numeric input for digits >10. See page 6 for
14, 15, h more information.
in ad- Register input. See the addressing tables above
dressing for the letters applicable.
A…Z
…
(grey print)
DECM &
\FRACT
EEX
A…Ω
…
(
(
)
)
+
–
x
(grey print)
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Appends the respective Latin letter to alpha.
Use to toggle cases.
Works like in the Pioneers.
Appends the respective Greek letter to alpha.
will toggle cases. See page 7 for more.
Appends the respective symbol to alpha.
Edition 3.0
Page 67 of 103
Character
Keys to press
in modes
DECM
Second
/
Remarks
A persistent 2nd in input switches to fraction
mode. It will be interpreted as explained below.
Please note you cannot enter after you
entered twice – but you may delete the 2nd dot
while editing the input line.
First is interpreted as a space, 2nd as a fracFRC tion mark. E.g. input of results in
2 ¾ in the display. Improper fractions may be
entered starting with a , e.g. .
Appends a slash to alpha.
±
,
.
‗.‘ or ‗,‘
!
?
≠
%
$
(grey print)
€
(grey print)
£
(grey print)
¥
(grey print)
√
&
\
|
Appends the respective symbol to alpha.
DECM
Inserts a radix mark as selected.
(grey print)
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Appends the respective symbol to alpha.
Edition 3.0
Page 68 of 103
Non-programmable Control, Clearing and Information Commands
Keys to press
in modes
Input pending
Remarks
Deletes the last digit or character put in.
Deletes the rightmost character in alpha.
25
PRG Deletes current step.
Else
Acts like CLx.
Status open Goes to previous / next set of flags.
Catalog open Goes to previous / next item in this catalog.
Scrolls the display window six characters to the left /
right in alpha if possible. If less than six characters are
beyond the limits of the display window on the left / right
side, the window will be positioned to the beginning /
end of string. Useful for longer strings.
/ 26
Else
/
Acts like BST / SST in HP-42S.
Integer
Shifts the display window to the left / right like in
HP-16C. Helpful while working with small bases.
Toggles upper and lower case (indicated by ).
Enters a memory browser.
\
Deletes program steps from the current position downstream until, but excluding, the label specified.
PRG If said label is not found, ―No such label‖ will be thrown.
If the program pointer is on the step containing said label, nothing will be deleted.
DELP label
Catalog open Selects the current item like below.
Turns alpha mode off.
Else
Acts like the command ENTER described above.
25
The mode conditions specified will be checked top down for this command:
If there is a pending input, the last digit / character entered will be deleted;
else if alpha mode is set, the last character of alpha will be deleted;
else if the WP 34S is in programming mode, the current step will be deleted;
else CLx will be called. Period.
This method holds for all commands listed here using this symbolic.
26
These two navigation keys will repeat with 5Hz when held down for longer than 0.5s.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 69 of 103
Keys to press
in modes
Remarks
Catalog open Leaves the catalog without executing anything.
Cancels the execution of pending operations, returning
to the calculator status as it was before.
Input pending
Program running Stops the running program like . See below.
PRG Leaves programming mode like . See below.
Turns alpha mode off like . See above.
Else
Does nothing.
\PRG
Turns calculator off.
Calculator off Turns calculator on.
Else
There are several -key combinations available. See
below for more.
\
Toggles programming mode for keyboard entry.
Program run- Stops the program execution immediately. ―Stopped‖
ning will be shown in the upper row until the next keystroke.
Runs the current program or resumes its execution
starting with the current step.
\PRG & \
Appends an ‗Y‘ to alpha.
PRG Acts like the command STOP described above.
DECM & \PRG
Shows the full mantissa until the next key is pressed.
See above.
PRG
Displays a CRC checksum of program memory contents, allowing validation of program integrity.
Catalog open
Selects the item currently displayed and exits, executing
the respective command. See below.
Else
Acts like the command XEQ described above.
\
Shows x as integer to base 10 or 16, respectively. Returns to the base set with the next keystroke. Prefix
may be omitted here.
\
Shows x as integer to base 2 or 8, respectively. Returns
to the base set with the next keystroke.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 70 of 103
Keys to press
in modes
Remarks
Turns on alpha mode for keyboard entry. When entering
alpha constants in programs, please note there is no
concatenation character – added characters are appended to alpha always. For starting a new string, use
CL first. Alpha constants will be listed like e.g. ‗Test 1‘.
\
CATALOGS
A catalog on your WP 34S is a collection of items, e.g. operations or characters. Opening a catalog will set alpha mode to allow for typing the first character(s) of the item
wanted. A subset of the full alpha keyboard shown above is sufficient for browsing:
( = )
1/x
allows for easy
reverse conversions in CONV
as described be low.
A
G
B
C
H
D
I
E
f
g
ENTER
J
K
F
L
h
the character
while browsing a
catalog.
XEQ
just calls
M
N
O
P
and
browse the open
catalog.
▲
or
Q
▼
1
T
–
U
0
V
W
+
●
X
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
S
2
(
EXIT
R
Y
Edition 3.0
Z
select the item
displayed, recall
or execute it, and
exit the catalog.
leaves the
catalog
without
executing
anything, i.e. cancels
the catalog call.
See
below for
some examples.
Page 71 of 103
Such catalogs may be called using the keystrokes listed below:
Keys to press
in modes
Contents of said catalog
Predefined alpha labels. Some special rules apply here:
\
and browse the catalog as usual, but in the numeric
line the location of the respective label is indicated (RAM,
Lib for XROM, or SEG n for flash memory segment n ).
– trigger a search starting in the flash segment specified (and continued in further segments as long as necessary) for the first alpha label defined.
goes to the alpha label as displayed, while or
execute it. These keystrokes will perform a label
search as described above. Labels in XROM cannot be
accessed by .
goes to the first alpha label in XROM.
or leave CAT returning to the state as it was before.
DECM
Curve fit functions.
DECM
Constants like in HP35s. Picking a constant will recall it. See
the constants listed in a table below.
DECM
This catalog contains the same constants as in real domain.
Picking one, however, does a complex recall here. So, if the
stack did look like [x, y, …] before calling CONST, it will contain [constant, 0, x, y, …] thereafter.
DECM
Conversions as listed in a table below.
DECM
Matrix operations library.
Mode setting functions.
\
―Complex‖ letters mandatory for many languages. Case is determined by setting (see above).
DECM
Extra probability distributions.
Extra programming and I/O functions.
\
Subscripts.
Superscripts.
DECM
\
Extra statistical functions.
All tests except the two on the keyboard.
Comparison symbols and brackets, except and .
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 72 of 103
Keys to press
in modes
Contents of said catalog
DECM
Extra real functions.
Integer
Extra integer functions.
Extra alpha functions.
DECM
These three catalogs are
merged in mode PRG to ease
programming.
Extra complex functions.
Punctuation marks and text symbols.
Arrows and mathematical symbols.
Reopening the very last catalog called, the last command selected therein is displayed
for easy repetitive use.
See the table below about addressing cataloged items, and the next pages for detailed
item lists of the various catalogs. Within each catalog, items are sorted alphabetically
(see above for the sorting order). You may access particular items fast and easily by typing the first characters of their names. See below for some examples and constraints.
A single function, e.g. CB, may be contained in more than one catalog.
The alpha catalogs are found three pages below. See also the special catalogs CONST
and CONV in separate paragraphs further below.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 73 of 103
Catalog Contents in Detail:
12h
Binom
1COMPL
BinomP
–1
24h
Binom
2COMPL
Cauch
BASE
CauchP
–1
DENANY
Cauch
DENFAC
Expon
DENFIX
Expon P
–1
LN
BestF
BC?
BACK
RDX,
LNΓ
COV
BS?
CF
RDX.
n
ExpF
ENTRY?
CLFLAG
RECV
SEED
LinF
EVEN?
CLP
RTN+1
SERR
LogF
FC?
CLSTK
R.CLR
SERRw
L.R.
FC?C
DATE
R.COPY
SUM
PowerF
FC?F
DEC
R.SORT
sw
sxy
FC?S
DELP
R.SWAP
xg
x
FP?
DSL
SAVE
DENMAX
Expon
DISP
FP(x)
xw
FS?
DSZ
SENDA
D.MY
F(x)
FS?C
ERR
SENDL
E3OFF
F –1(p)
Γ
FS?F
FF
SENDP
E3ON
Geom
FS?S
f ‘(x)
SENDR
FAST
Geom P
m
IBASE?
f ‖(x)
SF
p
INTM?
GTO
SKIP
INT?
H.MS+
STOM
KEY?
H.MS-
STOS
–1
FRACT
Geom
LZOFF
Lgnrm
LZON
Lgnrm P
M.DY
Lgnrm
RDX,
Logis
RDX.
LogisP
–1
–1
RM
Logis
SETCHN
Norml
SETEUR
Norml P
SETIND
–1
Norml
SETUK
Poiss
SETUSA
PoissP
SIGNMT
Poiss
SLOW
tP(x)
–1
2
ln x
2
ln y
KTY?
INC
TICKS
lnx
DET
LBL?
ISE
TIME
lnxy
LINEQS
LEAP?
ISZ
VW +
lny
MROW+×
M.SQR?
LOAD
XEQ
w
MROW×
NaN?
MSG
GTO
x
MROW
ODD?
NOP
OFF
2
M+×
PRIME?
PRCL
ON
2
-1
x
x y
M
REALM?
PROMPT
XEQ
xlny
M-ALL
RM?
PSTO
VIEW
xy
M-COL
SMODE?
PUTK
y
M-DIAG
SPEC?
P
2
SSIZE4
t(x)
y
M-ROW
SSIZE?
RCF
SSIZE8
t –1(p)
ylnx
M×
TOP?
RCF.RG
UNSIGN
Weibl
%
M.COPY
WSIZE?
RCF.ST
WSIZE
Weibl P
M.IJ
x?
2P
TRANSP
∞?
2
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 74 of 103
varies with the mode set, except in PRG. It contains in …
… alpha
mode:
CLALL
CLREG
… decimal mode:
AGM
ANGLE
BATT
LN
DATE
LNΓ
DAY
IP
LENG
MONTH
RCL
RC#
RL
RR
SL
SR
STO
TIME
MANT
RESET
Bn
MAX
VERS
Bn*
MIN
x
CEIL
MONTH
DATE
DAY
IP
LENG
MONTH
RC#
RL
RR
SL
SR
TIME
x
CLALL
NAND
CLREG
CUBE
CUBERT
DAY
NEXTP
NOR
Pn
RAD
DAYS+
RCF
DECOMP
RESET
DEG
… integer modes:
ROUNDI
RCF
C
AGM
RESET
C
CONJ
RJ
C
CUBE
CLALL
RL
C
CUBERT
CLFLAG
RLC
C
CLREG
RR
C x
DROP
e -1
CUBE
RRC
C
FIB
SB
C
LN1+x
SEED
C
LN
SIGN
C
LNΓ
SL
C
RCF
DROP
SR
C
SIGN
FB
VERS
C
SINC
XNOR
C
ASR
BATT
CB
CUBERT
DBLR
DBL*
DBL/
FIB
W
W –1
DROP
SDL
Γ
GCD
XROOT
C
DJ
SDR
DAYS
δ
LCM
C
SIGN
%MG
MASKR
x
e -1
SINC
%MRR
MAX
FIB
SLVQ
%T
MIN
FLOOR
Tn
%
MIRROR
GCD
Un
%+MG
NAND
GRAD
VERS
nBITS
IP
LENG
RCL
RC#
RL
RR
SL
SR
STO
Hn
W
NEXTP
(-1)X
Hnp
WDAY
erf
SETDAT
erfc
SETTIM
(-1)
EXPT
I
W
IΓ
XNOR
JG1582
x
JG1752
YEAR
X
LJ
MASKL
C
Γ
C
(-1)x
NOR
–1
√y
JD
LCM
Ln
LN1+x
Ln
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 75 of 103
Here are the contents of the alpha catalogs
making the WP 34S the most versatile global
calculator known. Large font is printed in grey
cells on this page. Accented letters show the
same width as plain ones wherever possible.
À
Á
à
á
ÂÃĀĂ
âãāă
Ä
ä (ă)
Å
å
Ć
Č
Ç
ć
č
ç
, : ; ‘ “ # * @ _ ~ ` ⊙ ⊕
È
è
É
é
ÊĒĔĚ
Ë
êēĕě
ë (ĕ)
<≤=≈≥>[]{}
∫ ∞ ^
ℏ
Ì
ì
Í
í
Î Ĩ Ī Ĭ
Ï
î ĩ ī ĭ
ï(ĭ)
ÑŇ
ñň
Ò
ò
Ó
ó
ÔÕŌŎ
ôõōŏ
Ö
ö (ŏ)
Ø
ø
Ř
ř
Š
š
ß
Ù
ù
Ú
ú
ÛŨŪŬ
ûũūŭ
Ü
ü (ŭ)
Ů
ů
Ý
ý
Ÿ
ÿ
Ž
ž
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
(subscripts)
0 1 2 A B c e k m n p u µ ∞
(superscripts)
c
°
2 X
-1
The letters provided in your WP 34S allow for correct writing the languages of more than 3·109 people
(still only half of mankind yet), i.e.:
Afrikaans, Català, Cebuano, Česky, Cymraeg,
Deutsch, Eesti, English, Español, Euskara,
Français, Gaeilge, Galego, Greek, Bahasa Indonesia, Italiano, Basa Jawa, Kiswahili, Kreyòl ayisyen,
Magyar, Bahasa Melayu, Nederlands, Português,
Quechua, Shqip, Slovenčina, Slovenščina, Basa
Sunda, Suomeksi, Svenska, Tagalog, Winaray,
Zhōngwén (with a little trick explained below), and
almost Dansk and Norsk (sorry, no æ) as well as
Hrvatski and Srpski (no Ď). If you know further living
languages covered, please tell us.
Mandarin Chinese (Zhōngwén) features four tones, usually transcribed like e.g. mā, má, mă, and mà. So you need
different letters for ā and ă here, and for e, i, o, and u as
well. With six pixels total character height we found no
way to display these in both fonts nicely, keeping letters
and accents separated for easy reading. For an unambiguous solution, we suggest using a dieresis (else not employed in Hànyŭ pīnyīn) representing the third tone here.
Pinyin writers, we ask for your understanding.
Edition 3.0
Page 76 of 103
Addressing Catalog Items
1 User
input
Dot
matrix
display
, , ,
, , ,
, or
, , or
, , or
in alpha mode
in alpha mode
Shows 1st item in selected catalog.
(e.g.
in
)
)
(e.g. Á in
(e.g.
in
)
Alpha mode is set.
2 User
input
, , , ,
st
or 1 character
(e.g.
Dot
matrix
display
3 User
input
)
(e.g.
)
Shows 1st item starting
with this sequence *)
(e.g. )
, , ,
(e.g. )
or
Shows next item in this catalog
(e.g.
)
(e.g. Ò )
(e.g.
)
Continue browsing this way until reaching the item desired
(e.g.
Dot
matrix
display
Shows 1st item starting
with this letter *)
(e.g. Ó )
or 2nd character
…
n User
input
)
, , , ,
4 User
input
Dot
matrix
display
or character
Shows 1st item starting
with this character *)
(e.g. )
(e.g.
Dot
matrix
display
, , , ,
).
(e.g.
).
(e.g.
).
Calculator leaves the catalog returning to the mode set before
… and executes or
inserts the command
… and appends the selected character to alpha.
chosen, or recalls the
Contents of alpha register
constant selected.
(e.g.
Result
)
*) If a character or sequence specified is not found in this catalog then the first item following alphabetically will be shown. If there is no such item, then the last item in this catalog is displayed. You may key in
even more than two characters – after 3 seconds, however, or after or , the search string will
be reset and you may start with a first character again.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 77 of 103
Constants
Below you find the contents of the catalog CONST. Navigation works as in the catalogs
mentioned before. Names of astronomical and mathematical constants are printed on
colored background below. Values of physical constants (incl. their relative standard
deviations given in parentheses below) are from CODATA 2010, copied in July 2011,
unless stated otherwise explicitly. Green background denotes exact or almost exact values. The more the color turns to red, the less precise the respective constant is
known 27.
Wb
V s
kg m 2
1
,
Joule
with
1
J
1
N
m
1
m2
m2
s2
1
J
and on the other hand 1J 1W s 1V A s eV 6.24 10 6 TeV . Thus 1 1A m 2 .
T
e
For the units, remember Tesla with 1T 1
Name
Numeric value
Unit
a 365.2425 (per definition)
d
Gregorian year
a0 5.2917721092E-11 (3.2E-10)
m
Bohr radius
am 384.4E6
(1E-3)
m
Semi-major axis of the Moon‘s orbit around
the Earth
a⊕ 1.495979E11
(1E-6)
m
Semi-major axis of the Earth‘s orbit around the
sun. Within the uncertainty stated here, it
equals 1 AU.
c 2.99792458E8 (per definition)
m
s
c1 3.74177153E-16
(4.4E-8)
m2 W
c2 0.014387770
(9.1E-7)
m K
e 1.602176565E-19 (2.2E-8)
eE 2.718281828459045…
F 96485.3365
(2.2E-8)
4 R
Vacuum speed of light
First radiation constant 2 h c 2
Second radiation constant hc
k
2
0 G0
K J RK
C
Electron charge
1
Euler‘s e. Please note the letter e represents
the electron charge elsewhere in this table.
C
mol
Faraday‘s constant = e NA
F 2.5029078750958928...
1
Feigenbaum‘s
F 4.6692016091029906...
1
Feigenbaum‘s
g 9.80665 (per definition)
27
Remarks
m
s2
Standard earth acceleration
The bracketed values printed here for your kind attention allow you to compute the precision of results
you may obtain using these constants. The procedure to be employed is called error propagation. It is
often ignored, though essential for trustworthy results – not only in science. Please turn to respective
texts before you believe in 4 decimals of a calculation result based on yardstick measurements.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 78 of 103
Name
Numeric value
G 6.67384E-11
Unit
(1.2E-4)
Go 7.7480917346E-5 (3.2E-10)
m3
kg s 2
1
Remarks
Newton‘s gravitation constant. See GM below
for a more precise value.
Conductance quantum 2e
Gc 0.915965594177…
1
Catalan‘s constant
ge 2.00231930436153 (2.6E-13)
1
(Landé‘s) electron g-factor
GM 3.986004418E14
(2.0E-9)
h 6.62606957E-34
(4.4E-8)
ℏ
m3
s2
Js
Boltzmann constant R
J
j 4.83597870E14
(2.2E-8)
Hz
lp 1.616199E-35
(6.0E-5)
m
me 9.10938291E-31
(4.4E-8)
Electron mass
Mm 7.349E22
(5E-4)
Mass of the Moon
mn 1.674927351E-27 (4.4E-8)
kg
muc2 1.492 417 954E-10 (4.4E-8)
J
mµ 1.883531475E-28 (5.1E-8)
M⊕ 5.9736E24
(5E-5)
NA 6.02214129E23
(4.4E-8)
Planck length
G
c3
h
t pc
Proton mass
G
22g
Atomic unit mass = 10-3 kg / NA
mu 1.660538921E-27 (4.4E-8)
(5E-5)
Josephson constant 2e
Planck mass c
(6.0E-5)
M⊙ 1.9891E30
NA
Neutron mass
mp 1.672621777E-27 (4.4E-8)
Mp 2.17651E-8
RK
2
(9.1E-7)
V
2
Planck constant
k 1.3806488E-23
K
h
Newton‘s gravitation constant times the
Earth‘s mass with its atmosphere included
(according to WGS84, see Sa below).
h
1.054571726E-34 (4.4E-8)
2
Atomic unit mass energy equivalent
Muon mass
kg
Mass of the sun
Mass of the Earth
1
mol
Avogadro‘s number
―not a number‖
NaN
po 101325 (per definition)
Pa
qp 1,8755459E-18
As
(6.0E-5)
Standard atmospheric pressure
Planck charge
4 0 c 11.7e . This
was in CODATA 2006, but in 2010 no more.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 79 of 103
Name
Numeric value
R 8.3144621
Unit
(9.1E-7)
J
mol K
re 2.8179403267E-15 (9.7E-10)
Remarks
Molar gas constant
m
Classical electron radius 2 a0
RK 25812.8074434
(3.2E-10)
Ω
von Klitzing constant h
Rm 1.737530E6
(5E-7)
m
Mean radius of the Moon
1
Rydberg constant
R 1.0973731568539E7 (5.0E-12)
m
e2
2 me c
2h
R⊙ 6.96E8
(5E-3)
m
Mean radius of the sun
R⊕ 6.371010E6
(5E-7)
m
Mean radius of the Earth
Sa 6.3781370E6 (per definition)
m
Semi-major axis of the model WGS84 used to
define the Earth‘s surface for GPS and other
surveying
purposes
(
http://earthinfo.nga.mil/GandG/publications/tr8350.2/tr8350_2.html)
Sb 6.3567523142E6
(1.6E-11)
m
Semi-minor axis of WGS84
Se2 6.69437999014E-3 (1.5E-12)
1
First eccentricity squared of WGS84
Se’2 6.73949674228E-3 (1.5E-12)
1
Second eccentricity squared of WGS84 (it is
really called e‘2 in this article, I apologize)
Sf -1 298.257223563 (per definition)
1
Flattening parameter of WGS84
To 273.15 (per definition)
K
= 0°C, standard temperature
tp 5.39106E-44
s
Planck time
K
c2
Planck temperature
k
Tp 1.416833E32
Vm 0.022413968
(6.0E-5)
(6.0E-5)
(9.1E-7)
Zo 376.730313461…
7.2973525698E-3 (3.2E-10)
EM 0.57721566490153286…
p 2.675222005E8
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
(2.4E-8)
m3
G
c
5
lp
c
2
Ep
c M p c
G
k
k
Molar volume of an ideal gas at standard con-
mol ditions
RT0
p0
Charact. impedance of vacuum
1
Fine-structure constant
1
Euler-Mascheroni constant
1
s T
e2
4 0 c
Proton gyromagnetic ratio
Edition 3.0
2 P
0
0c
0
1
137
Page 80 of 103
Name
Numeric value
o 8.854187817…E-12
Unit
Remarks
A s
V m
Electric constant, vacuum permittivity
or F
m
Compton wavelength of the electron h
c 2.4263102389E-12 (6.5E-10)
cn 1.3195909068E-15 (8.2E-10)
Compton wavelength of the neutron h
m
Compton wavelength of the proton h
cp 1.32140985623E-15 (7.1E-10)
µo 1.2566370614…E-6
µB 9.27400968E-24
(2.2E-8)
µe -9.28476430E-24
(2.2E-8)
µn -9.6623647E-27
(2.4E-7)
µp 1.410606743E-26 (2.4E-8)
V s
Am
7
permeability 4 10
Bohr‘s magneton e
J
T
or
Proton magnetic moment
A m 2
(3.4E-8)
Muon magnetic moment
o 2.067833758E-15 (2.2E-8)
7.292115E-5
(2E-8)
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
2m p
1
W
m2 K 4
Vs
rad
1
Stefan Boltzmann constant
Golden ratio
1
-
V s
(per definition)
A m
Neutron magnetic moment
µµ -4.49044807E-26
1.618033988749894…
mpc
Electron magnetic moment
Nuclear magneton e
(3.6E-6)
mn c
2 me
(2.2E-8)
B 5.670373E-8
me c
Magnetic constant, also known as vacuum
µu 5.05078353E-27
π 3.141592653589793…
1
0c 2
s
2 5 k 4
15h 3 c 2
1 5
2
Magnetic flux quantum h
2e
1
KJ
Angular velocity of the Earth according to
WGS84 (see Sa above)
Negative and positive infinity (may the Lord of
Mathematics forgive us calling these two ‗constants‘)
Edition 3.0
Page 81 of 103
Unit Conversions
Find below the contents of the catalog CONV 28. Navigation works as in the other catalogs. There is one specialty, however: (i.e. ) will execute the inverse of the
conversion displayed and leave CONV.
Example: Assume the display set to FIX 3. Then keying in
will display
and 1.619 below telling
you 4 acres equal 1.619 hectares.
Now press
and you will get
9.884 instead, being the amount of
acres equaling 4 hectares.
Press again and you will see
and 4.000 below confirming what was just said.
Leave the catalog via
and the display will return to 9.884.
The constant To may be useful for conversions of temperatures, too; it is found in the
catalog CONST and is not repeated here since being only added or subtracted. The
conversion factors or divisors listed below for your information are user transparent in
executing a conversion – those printed on light green background in this table apply exactly.
Conversion
28
Remarks
Class
°C°F
* 1.8 + 32
Temperature
°F°C
- 32 ) / 1.8
Temperature
°G
/ 0.9
Converts to ‗grads‘ or ‗gon‘
Angle
°rad
* π / 180
Equals DR
Angle
acresha
* 0.4046873
1 ha = 104 m²
Area
ar.dB
20 lg a1
a2
Amplitude ratio
Ratio
atmPa
* 1.01325E5
AUkm
* 1.495979E8
barPa
* 1E5
BtuJ
* 1055.056
calJ
* 4.1868
cftl
* 28.31685
Pressure
Astronomic units
Length
Pressure
British thermal units
Energy
Energy
Cubic feet
Volume
For most readers, many of the units appearing in CONV may look obsolete at least. They die hard,
however, in some corners of this world. All these corners have in common is English being spoken
there. For symmetry reasons, we may also add some traditional Indian and Chinese units. Anyway, this
catalog provides the means to convert local to common units.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 82 of 103
Conversion
Remarks
Class
cminches
/ 2.54
dBar.
10 RdB 20
Amplitude ratio
Ratio
dBpr.
10 RdB 10
Power ratio
Ratio
fathomm
* 1.8288
Length
feetm
* 0.3048
Length
flozUKml
* 28.41306
flozUSml
* 29.57353
galUK l
* 4.54609
galUS l
* 3.785418
G°
* 0.9
goz
/ 28.34952
Mass
Grad
* π / 200
Angle
gtr.oz
/ 31.10348
Mass
haacres
/ 0.4046873
1 ha = 10000 m²
Area
HPeW
* 746
Electric horse power
Power
hpUKW
* 745.6999
British horse power
Power
inchescm
* 2.54
Length
inHgPa
* 3386.389
Pressure
JBtu
/ 1055.056
Energy
Jcal
/ 4.1868
Energy
JkWh
/ 3.6E6
Energy
kglb
/ 0.4535924
Mass
kgstones
/ 6.35029318
Mass
kmAU
/ 1.495979E8
Astronomic units
Length
kml.y.
/ 9.460730E12
Light years
Length
kmmiles
/ 1.609344
kmnmi
/ 1.852
Nautical miles
Length
kmpc
/ 3.085678E16
Parsec
Length
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Length
1 l = 1/1000 m3
Volume
Grads or gon
Angle
Length
Edition 3.0
Page 83 of 103
Conversion
Remarks
Class
kWhJ
* 3.6E6
Energy
lbfN
* 4.448222
Force
lbkg
* 0.4535924
Mass
l.y.km
* 9.460730E12
l cft
/ 28.31685
l galUK
/ 4.54609
l galUS
/ 3.785418
mileskm
* 1.609344
mlflozUK
/ 28.41306
mlflozUS
/ 29.57353
mmHgPa
* 133.3224
mfathom
/ 1.8288
Length
mfeet
/ 0.3048
Length
myards
/ 0.9144
Length
nmikm
* 1.852
Nlbf
/ 4.448222
ozg
* 28.34952
Ounces
Mass
Paatm
/ 1.01325E5
1 Pa = 1 N/m2
Pressure
Pabar
/ 1E5
Pressure
PainHg
/ 3386.389
Pressure
PammHg
/ 133.3224
Pressure
Papsi
/ 6894.757
Pressure
Patorr
/ 133.3224
Pressure
pckm
* 3.085678E16
Parsec
Length
pr.dB
10 lg P1
P2
Power ratio
Ratio
psiPa
* 6894.757
Pounds per square inch
Pressure
PS(hp)W
* 735.4988
Horse power
Power
rad°
* 180 / π
Equals RD
Angle
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Light years
Length
1 l = 1/1000 m3
Volume
Length
1 ml = 1 cm3
Volume
1 torr = 1 mm Hg
Pressure
Nautical miles
Length
Force
Edition 3.0
Page 84 of 103
Conversion
Remarks
Class
radG
* 200 / π
Angle
stoneskg
* 6.35029318
Mass
s.tonst
* 0.9071847
Short tons
Mass
tonst
* 1.016047
Imperial tons
Mass
torrPa
* 133.3224
1 torr = 1 mm Hg
Pressure
tr.ozg
* 31.10348
Troy ounces
Mass
ts.tons
/ 0.9071847
1 t = 1000 kg
Mass
ttons
/ 1.016047
WHPe
/ 746
Power
WhpUK
/ 745.6999
Power
WPS(hp)
* 735.4988
Power
yardsm
* 0.9144
Length
You may, of course, combine conversions as you like. For example, filling your tires with
a maximum pressure of 30 psi the following will help you at a gas station in Europe and
beyond:
resulting in 2.1 bar.
Now you can set the filler and will not blow your tires.
In cases of emergency of a particular kind, remember Becquerel equals Hertz, Gray is
the unit for deposited or absorbed energy ( 1Gy 1 J kg ), and Sievert (Sv) is Gray
times a radiation dependant dose conversion factor for the damage caused in human
bodies.
In this area also some outdated units may be found in older literature: Pour les amis de
10
10
Mme. Curie, 1Ci 3.7 10 Bq 3.7 10 decays s . And for those admiring the very
first Nobel laureate in physics, Mr. Röntgen, for finding the x-rays (ruining his hands in
these experiments), the charge generated by radiation in matter was measured by the
unit 1R 2.58 10
4
As
kg . A few decades ago, Rem (i.e. Röntgen equivalent men)
was measuring what Sievert does today.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 85 of 103
Predefined Global Alpha Labels
There are a few labels employed and provided for particular tasks already. You find
them listed in CAT when the respective routines are loaded in XROM. Thus they will not
take any steps from user program memory.
WHO
Displays credits to those brave men who did the work.
δx
Provides the step size for differentiation. See f ‘(x) and f ‖(x) in the Index of Operations for more information.
More routines are found at http://wp34s.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/wp34s/library/ as
text files with extension .wp34s by convention. This includes, for example, a suite of basic 3D vector operations, a TVM application, and more. You may open these files using
e.g. Notepad, and download them following your needs. README_ASM explains the
loading procedure.
MESSAGES
There are some commands generating messages, also in the dot matrix section of the
display. Four of them, DAY, DAYS+, STATUS, and VERS, were introduced above in the
paragraph about display already. Others are PROMPT, αVIEW and many more alpha
commands, and the test commands as mentioned above.
Also two constants will return a special display when called: NaN and will show
or
, respectively.
Furthermore, there are a number of error messages. Depending on error conditions, the
following messages will be displayed in the mode(s) listed:
Message
Error
Mode(s)
Code
2
DECM
Invalid date format or incorrect date in input,
e.g. month >12, day >31 etc.
9
Integer
Invalid digit in integer input, e.g. 2 in binary, 9
in octal, or +/- in unsigned mode.
13
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Explanation and Examples
All
Caused by calling an operation in a mode
where it is not defined, e.g. SIN in hexadecimal.
Edition 3.0
Page 86 of 103
Message
Matrix / dIMEnSIon
No write / In FLASH
Error
Mode(s)
Code
Explanation and Examples
1
\α
An argument exceeds the domain of the mathematical function called. May be caused by
roots or logs of negative numbers (if not preceded by ), by 0 / 0, LN(0), (0),
TAN(90°) and equivalents, ATANH(x) for
Rex 1 , ACOSH(x) for Rex 1 , etc.
18
All
Set when there is a checksum error either in
flash or as part of a serial download. It is also
set if a flash segment is otherwise unusable.
16
\α
Similar to error 1 but a parameter specified in
J or K is out of supported range for the function called. May appear e.g. if LgNrm is called
with j < 0.
17
\α
Please see Appendix A.
21
DECM
6
All
Attempt to address an undefined label.
19
All
Attempt to delete program
inside a flash segment..
A matrix isn't square when it should be.
Matrix sizes aren't miscible.
lines
while
A number exceeds the valid range.
Caused e.g. by specifying decimals >11,
word size >64, negative flag numbers, integers ≥2 64, hours or degrees >9000,
invalid times, denominators ≥9999 etc.
8
All
A register address exceeds the valid
range. May also happen in indirect addressing.
An R-operation (e.g. R.COPY) attempts
exceeding valid register numbers (0 .. 99).
A matrix descriptor would go beyond the
registers available or a row or column index is too large.
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 87 of 103
Message
Error
Mode(s)
Code
Singular / Error
22
DECM
Solve / FAILEd
20
DECM
7
12
15
PRG
Explanation and Examples
Attempt to use a LU decomposed matrix
for solving a system of equations.
Attempt to invert a matrix when it isn't of
full rank.
The solver did not converge.
Nested use of solve (SLV and SLVQ), integrate, sum or product is not allowed.
STOS or RCLS attempt using registers that
would overlap the stack. Will happen with e.g.
SSIZE = 8 and STOS 94.
All
DECM
A statistical calculation was started based on
too few data points, e.g. regression or standard deviation for < 2 points.
10
All
Keyboard input is too long for the buffer
(should never happen, but who knows).
3
All
An instruction with an undefined op-code occurred (should never happen, but who
knows).
14
Integer,
\PRG
Stack or register content is too big for the
word size set.
Division of a number > 0 (or < 0) by zero.
4
\α,
\PRG
5
11
PRG
Divergent sum or product or integral.
Positive (or negative) overflow in DECM
(see above).
Subroutine nesting exceeds 8 levels.
Any key pressed will erase the error message displayed and execute with the stack contents
present. Thus, the easiest return to the display shown before the error occurred is pressing a
prefix twice.
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PROGRAMMED INPUT AND OUTPUT
A number of commands may be employed for controlling I/O of programs. In the index
above, their behavior is described if they are entered from the keyboard. Executed by a
program, however, this will differ in a characteristic way.
With a program running, the display will be updated at certain instances only instead of
after each operation. So where a command in manual mode shows an information until
the next key is pressed, it will show it until the next display update in automatic mode.
Such an update will occur with PROMPT, PSE, STOP, VIEW, VW+, and VIEW only.
This allows for the following operations (please note parameters are omitted here):
Output of messages or other information for a defined time interval using the following code segment
…
…
(or simply PSE alone) for plain numeric calculated output or
…
(or even VW+)
…
for complex alphanumeric information you composed in alpha.
Asking (―prompting‖) for numeric input employing
…
(or VW+)
…
or simply PROMPT, the latter being identical to VW + X plus STOP.
Whatever number you key in will be in X when you continue the program by pressing . If you want it elsewhere, take care of it.
Prompting for alphanumeric input by
…
…
Whatever you key in will be appended to alpha here. Again, the program will continue when you pressed .
Please see the index for more information about these commands and their parameters.
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INTERACTIVE PROGRAMMING
This chapter deals with writing programs that interact with the user. Topics covered are
the display of messages, getting input from the user, hot keys and truly interactive "real
time" programs.
Interrupting a Program for Display of Information
When a program is started, the display contents are replaced by the "Running Program"
message. To display a number while a program is executing, use VIEW in programming
and specify a register to display. Here, X is a valid parameter so you can present the
standard top stack level contents to the user. The command formats the number to the
present settings and updates the LCD to display it. This causes a small overhead so expect that your program slows down a bit with each update. This is especially true if the
displays follow each other in a tight loop because the flicker avoidance logic needs to
wait for a complete display refresh cycle before the next update is allowed.
Another way to show what would normally appear on the display without a program running is to use the PSE instruction specifying the time in 10ths of seconds to suspend
execution. A time of zero will have the same effect as a VIEW X instruction. PSE following VIEW s works as expected: it will display the contents of address s. The display
will then stay unchanged until the next VIEW or PSE instruction is executed, not only for
the time specified with PSE. The next PSE or STOP will switch back to the normal display of x . VIEW s followed by STOP will display the contents of address s until the user
presses .
To make things clearer: VIEW immediately displays the register when encountered in
program execution. When followed by PSE or STOP, the display persists. Only the next
PSE or STOP (or keyboard entry after the program has halted) will revert to the normal x
display. To make sure that STOP or PSE always display a specific information it is best
to directly precede it by the respective VIEW instruction. There is no way to get the
"Running Program" message back once it has been replaced by a programmed display.
Generally speaking, a message is a string of characters that is shown in the upper region of the display. The program interface to this area is via the alpha register. You need
to switch to alpha mode to access most of the commands that deal with this register.
The annunciator INPUT lights if alpha mode is active. The X.FCN catalogue changes in
alpha mode to contain alpha commands. Displaying a message will normally start with a
CL[alpha] instruction because most commands append their output to what is already
stored. To save space, characters in program mode may be entered in groups of three
by typing while already in alpha mode. This saves one program step per three characters but does not allow all special symbols to be entered because the catalogues are
not available in this mode. Single characters and grouped characters can be freely
mixed. The register is 31 characters wide. The display capacity is considerably smaller
and depends on the width of each symbol. The display switches to a smaller font if necessary. The contents can be scrolled in interactive alpha mode with the up and down arrow keys (as described above).
If you just want to display a text message and no number with it, use αVIEW. To get to
this command you must be out of alpha mode and open the P.FCN catalogue.
brings you to the alpha commands. The αVIEW display starts at the first character of the string. The numeric portion of the LCD is replaced by three dashes. You can of
course display a message together with a chosen register. Go to alpha mode and press
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VIEW. This will produce the αVW+ nn command. It is meant to display alpha together
with ('+') numeric data coming from any register. As with VIEW, X is allowed here. The
above comments regarding PSE or STOP following any of these commands are valid
here, too.
Another way to display the alpha register is to switch to alpha mode with αON. The main
difference is that you are presented the tail of the string instead of its head. Also, a PSE
is necessary to update the actual display which αON alone does not do. If followed by a
STOP, alpha mode stays on causing user input to go to the upper display! αOFF returns
everything to normal.
Temporary Displays
Whenever the display does not show the actual contents of the X register in the current
mode, this is considered a temporary display. To distinguish this from the normal display, the RPN annunciator is off during temporary displays and on otherwise. The following displays are considered temporary:
1. Any errors,
2. αVIEW,
3. αVW+ nn,
4. VIEW nn where nn is not X,
5. VIEW X if encountered in a program because X may have changed before the
stop,
6. H.MS display,
7. Temporary display in another base (not programmable).
Press or to get back to the normal display.
Data Input
The easiest way of getting user input, apart from expecting everything on the stack, is
just stopping the program with STOP, letting the user input a number and let him press
to continue execution. Without any clue what the program is asking for, this is only
suitable for very simple programs. The least you want to do is present a message to the
user what he is supposed to enter when the program stops. This can be done with any
of the [alpha]VIEW commands followed by STOP. There is a shorthand especially made
for this: PROMPT. It is a combination of [alpha]VW+ X and STOP. It displays the alpha
register together with the current X register and halts program execution. This is good
for entering a lengthy list of parameters in a given order without much programming.
Hotkeys
A more versatile way of doing things is using the dedicated keys A to D in the top row. If
the user presses one of these keys the program executes the next subroutine or program with a label of the same name. If you have more than one program using labels A
to D in RAM or in a flash region, it's necessary to move the program counter (PC) to the
top of the program and stop there. A typical program structure might be the following:
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LBL 'MYP'
CL[alpha]
[alpha]'Hel'
[alpha]'lo!'
LBL 00
PROMPT
BACK 01
LBL A
ENTRY?
SKIP 01
XEQ 01
STO 01
GTO 00
LBL B
...
This sets up a message and stops. does nothing, it simply returns to the prompt. If
the user enters a number and hits A, the program starts with the ENTRY? test which is
true if the user has entered fresh data. The input will be stored in register 01 and the
program jumps back to the prompt. If the user has not entered any information after the
last prompt, subroutine 01 will be called to compute a new value which is then stored
and displayed. This is the way the TVM application is implemented.
Keyboard Codes
Sometimes, the hot keys to aren't enough. But there are ways to extend the
number of directly addressable subroutines by a simple trick: shorthand addressing of
numeric labels. To make this possible, each key is identified by a row and a column,
each starting with one.
A
11
B
12
C
13
D
14
->
15
CPX
16
STO
21
RCL
22
Rv
23
f
24
g
25
h
26
EEX
34
<35
ENTER^
31
x<>y +/32
33
XEQ
41
7
42
8
43
9
44
/
45
^
51
4
52
5
53
6
54
x
55
v
61
1
62
2
63
3
64
65
EXIT
71
0
72
.
73
R/S
74
+
75
Whenever you are asked for the entry of a two-digit label, any of the keys marked in
italic in the above picture can be used as direct input. The label will be replaced by the
row/column code of the respective key. Some keys are not available this way because
they have a predefined meaning in this context. They can still be used for a short address by preceding the key with the f prefix. Only the f prefix itself cannot be used for
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shorthand addressing. If you want to associate a program with the key , just put the
label 21 in front of the routine and it can be conveniently called with by the
user.
Direct Keyboard Access
The same codes are returned by the KEY? command which allows true "real time" response to user input from the keyboard. KEY? takes a register argument (X is allowed
but does not lift the stack) and stores the key most recently pressed during program
execution in the specified register. R/S and EXIT cannot be queried, they stop program
execution immediately. The keyboard is active during execution but it is of course desirable to show a message and suspend the program with the PSE command while waiting
for user input. PSE is interrupted by a key press, so you can simply use a PSE 99
statement in a loop to wait for input. KEY? acts as a conditional at the same time so a
typical user input loop will look like this:
LBL 'USR'
CLα
α 'KEY'
α ?
LBL 00
αVIEW
PSE 99
KEY? 00
GTO 00
LBL?->00
XEQ->00
GTO 00
This code fragment prompts for a key and stores it in register 00. The line directly after
KEY? is executed when no key was pressed. The statement KEY? is only executed
every 9.9 seconds if the user does not press a key. If he does, the PSE is immediately
terminated, KEY? is executed, finds the key code and stores it in register 00. The
LBL00 instruction checks if a label corresponding to the key code has been defined
and executes it if found. Instead of the dumb waiting loop, the program can do some
computations and update the display before the next call to PSE and KEY? – think of a
lunar lander game.
To be even more versatile, the instruction KTY? nn is designed to return the key type
of a row / column code in register nn: 0 to 9 for the respective digits, 10 for the other
numeric keys (. , +/- and EEX), 11 for any of the three shift keys and 12 for the rest. An
invalid code in the target register throws an "Invalid Range Error".
If you decide not to handle the key in the program you may feed it back to the main
processing loop of the calculator with the PUTK nn command. What happens is that
the program halts and the key is treated as if pressed after the stop. This is especially
useful if you want to allow numeric input while waiting for some special keys like the arrows. This allows writing of a vector or matrix editor in user code. After execution of the
PUTK command the user is responsible for letting the program continue its work by
pressing or a hot key.
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APPENDIX A: SUPPORT FOR FLASHING, SERIAL I/O ETC.
How to Flash Your HP 20b or 30b
You may do the flashing yourself. Then you need your calculator, a special connecting cable,
and specific software on your PC or Mac. A PC featuring an hardware serial port and running
Windows XP is beneficial. Please read this paragraph completely before actually starting
the procedure.
You will get the necessary software – the SAM-BA In-system Programmer – here for free:
http://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/tools_card.asp?tool_id=3883
Install it as explained by Atmel.
You may get the cable from Gene Wright.
The specific file you will need to transmit to your calculator to make it your WP 34S is called
calc.bin and is included in the zipped package you can download from here:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/wp34s/files/
Alternatively, you may download calc.bin alone from
http://wp34s.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/wp34s/trunk/realbuild/
Now, having got these three (SAM-BA, the cable, and calc.bin ), please turn to the file
http://dl.dropbox.com/u/10022608/Flashing%20a%2020b%20Calculator.pdf (edited by Tim
Wessmann and Gene Wright). Read it thoroughly for information about connecting and flashing.
ATTENTION: If your PC does not feature an hardware serial interface, you will need an
USB-to-serial converter to connect the special cable to your PC. Following our experience,
converters containing FTDI chips will work – others may not.
On other operating systems than XP flashing may work or not (definitively not on Windows
2000 or earlier). Please check.
On Windows 7 load MS Windows Virtual PC and Windows XP Mode, then work therein.
Then proceed as described in Flashing a 20b Unit in said file, steps 1 to 3 only.
ATTENTION: Flashing your HP 20b or 30b will erase the HP firmware in step 3, meaning
your business calculator will be gone then. The firmware will be replaced with the WP 34S
file completely! After this flash is finished, you will have a WP 34S RPN Scientific – i.e. your
calculator will react as documented in this very manual.
This also means your device will not do anything useful for you between step 3 and 13. It
may even look dead – it is not, be assured, at least it will just be eating your batteries (see
below)! If you (have to) interrupt the flashing process at any time in this interval for any reason whatsoever, don‘t worry: simply start again. You may, however, not get any feedback
displayed in step 3 anymore. That does not matter, just stick to the procedure.
As long as the cable is connected to your calculator, it will draw a considerable current from
the calculator batteries. If you happen to hang anywhere in the flashing process, also the
processor is left running at full speed. So chances are high your coin cells will be drained
while you are trying to find out what is going wrong. Thus it is wise to disconnect the cable
from your calculator when you will not need the cable for the next couple of minutes. For repeated flashing, an external 3V DC supply may pay very fast. Take care to connect + to the
outer and – to the inner contact. The following will work with a good 3V supply only.
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Having completed step 3 of said file, call your SAM-BA for step 4. It may take a long time to start
up (some sixty seconds), so be patient. When it launches (step 5), a window pops up:
Choose the correct connection
(take the port you put your cable
in – it may differ from what is
printed here). Select the board
built in your calculator (i.e.
AT91SAM7L128-EK as shown).
Press [Connect] then. This was
step 6.
In step 7, put in the address of calc.bin on your PC. Then continue according to steps 8 to
13. Not reaching step 7 may be due to low supply voltage on your calculator (see above).
After flashing successfully, a keyboard overlay is very helpful for further work since most labels
deviate from the ones used on said business calculators. You may get adhesive overlays from
Eric Rechlin. Preliminary paper overlays are most easily made of a file provided here:
http://wp34s.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/wp34s/artwork/wp34s_overlay.png
Set the overall width of this picture to 68mm and print it. Cut it out, span it over your
WP 34S using some transparent adhesive tape, and you are done.
Commands for Handling Flash Memory on Your WP 34S
Flash memory is very useful for backups as explained above. Alternatively to the commands
SAVE and LOAD contained in X.FCN (see the index of operations), you may use another approach. Hold down (i.e. ) and press one of the following keys:
for backup:
Creates a copy of the RAM in flash memory like SAVE does.
for restore:
Restores the most recent backup like LOAD does.
S (i.e. ) for SAM-BA: Clears the GPNVM1 bit and turns the calculator off.
ATTENTION: You can now only boot in SAM-BA mode! Without
the SAM-BA software and the cable mentioned above, you will be
lost!
These ON key combinations have to be pressed twice in a row without releasing the ON key to
be executed.
We recommend doing a SAVE or + before flashing a new release! After flashing,
your backup will still be available – if you used + to get into SAM-BA boot mode and
didn't accidently press the ERASE button on the cable.
Further flash memory operations are PRCL, PSTO, P, RCF, RCF.RG, and RCF.ST. See the
index.
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Mapping of Memory Regions to Emulator State Files
Region
State file
Remarks
Unnamed 0x11FC00
wp34s-R.dat
Backup of 112 registers, flags and state.
0 0x11F800
wp34s-0.dat
Backup of program memory (506 steps).
1 0x11F400
wp34s-1.dat
2 0x11F000
wp34s-2.dat
Space for generic user programs. Each region
contains 506 steps again.
3 0x11EC00
wp34s-3.dat
4 0x11E800
wp34s-4.dat
5 0x11E400
wp34s-5.dat
6 0x11E000
wp34s-6.dat
7 0x11DC00
wp34s-7.dat
8 0x11D800
wp34s-8.dat
9 0x11D400
wp34s-9.dat
Start address
in flash
RAM n/a
wp34s.dat
The files wp34s-n.dat are written whenever a respective flash command is executed.
You will find some sample files at Sourceforge.
Backup of the emulator RAM area (registers,
state, and programs) – this file is written only
when exiting the emulator.
All files are only read into memory at emulator startup.
Data Transfer Between Your WP 34S and Your PC (SAM-BA)
This method is superseded by the one using serial I/O commands – see next paragraph. It is still
interesting enough to leave it here as a reference.
The entire RAM is saved to address 0x11F800 (relative address 0x1F800 ) by SAVE or its
equivalent + . This content can be copied to your PC or loaded from it if the special
interface cable mentioned above is connected. Then, the transfer is performed as follows:
1. From calculator to PC:
a. Press + ,
then + (see below),
then + .
b. Press once again and start SAM-BA on the PC. Both devices should connect.
c. Set the start address to 0x11F800 and the size to 0x800.
d. Enter a file name of your choice in the receive field. You can now receive the file with
SAM-BA.
e. Move it into your emulator directory (where wp34sgui.exe is stored) under the
name wp34s.dat .
f.
The emulator should accept the file. Your registers and programs will then be in place.
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g. To get your calculator back in business, start the "Boot from flash" script in SAM-BA –
the same procedure you should know from flashing the firmware.
h. Reset and press to power up. Restore with +. If RAM is lost (most
probably due to an accidental press of the ERASE button on the cable), the most recent backup (i.e. the one of step a. here) will be automatically restored.
2. From PC to calculator:
a. Execute steps 1.a + b.
b. Set the start address to 0x11F800 .
c. Point SAM-BA to your wp34s.dat file from the emulator.
d. You can now send the short file with SAM-BA.
e. Execute steps 1.g + h.
The program regions accessible with the commands PSTO, PRCL and P are stored at addresses mentioned in the table above and have a length of 0x400 (1 kB) each. The emulator
creates files wp34s-n.dat, with n being the region number. You can handle these files the
same way as the complete state file from the emulator. The regions have identical formatting
and can be swapped by copying their data to the ‗wrong‘ place. The register and state portion of
the backup area at 0x11FC00 is formatted differently.
If you want to get your emulator data from your PC into your calculator all in once, do the following in Windows:
copy /b calc.bin+wp34s-9.dat+wp34s-8.dat+ … +wp34s-2.dat
+wp34s-1.dat+wp34s.dat calc-full.bin
As an alternative, the following will copy the backup data instead of the RAM state file:
copy /b calc.bin+wp34s-9.dat+ …
+wp34s-1.dat+wp34s-0.dat+wp34s-R.dat calc-full.bin
The resulting file can be transferred into flash and all data will be readily available.
Data Transfer Between Your WP 34S and Your PC (Serial I/O)
You will need the special interface cable mentioned above once again, or a modified 20b or 30b
as described elsewhere. Said special cable draws current from the batteries of your calculator; it
shall thus be disconnected from your WP 34S as soon as not needed anymore.
Communication is between your WP 34S and another WP 34S. The Windows emulator counts
as a valid partner so you can exchange data between your WP 34S and the PC. Since PCs tend
to have more than one port you have to tell the emulator which one to use. Create a text file
wp34s.ini in the directory where the state files wp34s.dat reside and put the name of the
port as the only line in this file, e.g. COM5: – the very same port SAM-BA uses to access your
WP 34S for flashing.
The following commands allow for sending programs, registers or all RAM. They are found in the
P.FCN catalog.
On the receiving device, start the command RECV. It will display .
On the sender you have four choices:
1. SENDP will send the user program space. After successful termination, the receiver will
display .
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2. SENDR will send the registers 00 to 99. The receiver will display after successful termination.
3. SENDA will send the complete 2 KB of non-volatile memory. The receiver will display
after successful termination.
4. SENDL n will send a library region directly. It will arrive in RAM and may be stored using
PSTO.
The commands for sending and receiving feature a fixed timeout of some 10 seconds for setting
up the connection. After an interval of inactivity of said length, is displayed indicating no communication has occurred. If appears in the middle of a transmission try again.
On a device without the crystal installed, you may get said error because of the baud rate
setting may be a bit too far off. To determine the speed, use the loop
and let it run for 30 seconds. The expected result at nominal speed is around 191000.
The I/O commands accept a correction factor in percent in X. Try with 95 if your device is
a bit too slow or 105 if it is a bit too fast. Values between 80 and 120 are accepted – all
other are ignored. On the emulator or with the crystal installed, x is ignored.
The little "=" annunciator is lit while the serial port is in use.
communication.
can be used to abort the
More Keyboard Commands Employing ON
+ or :
+ :
Adjust display contrast.
+ :
+ :
Enters debugging mode (use at your own risk).
Tells the system a quartz crystal is installed for the real time clock. The
quartz is inevitable prerequisite for the clock being useful in medium to long
range (see TICKS). Its installation is a hardware modification described
elsewhere.
ATTENTION: If this command is entered though the hardware does
not contain said modification, the system will hang and can only be
brought back to live with a reset or a battery pull!
Toggles the radix mark as does.
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APPENDIX B: MORE ROUTINES AND COMMANDS
Library Routines
TVM and WHO live in the library file wp34s-1.dat, located in the library directory. Here is
how to install these two routines in the emulator and on the calculator.
1. Copy wp34s-1.dat into the emulator directory.
2. Start the emulator and the calculator with the serial cable still connected. Make sure a file
wp34s.ini exists in the emulator directory naming the COM port in use.
3. Make sure you have a backup of your programs on the calculator and on the emulator.
4. Use PRCL 1 on the emulator to copy the library into user program RAM.
5. Use RECV on the calculator and SENDP on the emulator. This will transfer the program
memory of the emulator to the calculator.
6. On the calculator, use PSTO to save the library.
7. Restore your backups.
Alternatively use SAM-BA to transfer the image directly to a RAM region as described elsewhere.
Internal Commands (Use at Your Own Risk)
Some commands are used in internal routines exclusively and are not accessible from the keyboard. Others are placed here until they are sufficiently tested for being officially released. They
are listed below for sake of a complete documentation only:
Name
Purpose and remarks
iC n
Recalls internal constants, selected by the number specified:
0
1
2
3
0
1
5.01402
15.02903
4
0.149445554002916905664936468389821
Midpoint location is 0.5.
Kronrod weight for midpoint k10
5
6
0.995657163025808080735527280689003
0.011694638867371874278064396062192
Kronrod location of k0 and k20
Kronrod weight for k0 and k20
7
8
0.930157491355708226001207180059508
0.054755896574351996031381300244580
Kronrod location of k2 and k18
Kronrod weight for k2 and k18
9
10
0.780817726586416897063717578345042
0.093125454583697605535065465083366
Kronrod location of k4 and k16
Kronrod weight for k4 and k16
11
12
0.562757134668604683339000099272694
0.123491976262065851077958109831074
Kronrod location of k6 and k14
Kronrod weight for k6 and k14
13
14
0.294392862701460198131126603103866
0.142775938577060080797094273138717
Kronrod location of k8 and k12
Kronrod weight for k8 and k12
15
16
17
0.973906528517171720077964012084452
0.066671344308688137593568809893332
0.032558162307964727478818972459390
Location of g0, g9, k1 and k19
Gauss weight for g0 and g9
Kronrod weight for k1 and k19
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Kronrod only weight loop initializer (constants 5 - 14 below)
Gauss-Kronrod weight loop initializer (constants 15 - 29 below)
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Name
Purpose and remarks
18
19
20
0.865063366688984510732096688423493
0.149451349150580593145776339657697
0.075039674810919952767043140916190
Location of g1, g8, k3 and k17
Gauss weight for g1 and g8
Kronrod weight for k3 and k17
21
22
23
0.679409568299024406234327365114874
0.219086362515982043995534934228163
0.109387158802297641899210590325805
Location of g2, g7, k5 and k15
Gauss weight for g2 and g7
Kronrod weight for k5 and k15
24
25
26
0.433395394129247190799265943165784
0.269266719309996355091226921569469
0.134709217311473325928054001771707
Location of g3, g6, k7 and k13
Gauss weight for g3 and g6
Kronrod weight for k7 and k13
27
28
29
0.148874338981631210884826001129720
0.295524224714752870173892994651338
0.147739104901338491374841515972068
Location of g4, g5, k9 and k11
Gauss weight for g4 and g5
Kronrod weight for k9 and k11
Constants 2 .. 29 are for the 10 / 21 point Gauss-Kronrod quadrature used by the
internal integration command. Locations are in the range (0, 1) which is scaled to
match the interval of integration. The quadrature sums the weight times the function
value at each location to estimate the integral. In Gauss-Kronrod schemes the
Gauss points are common to both quadratures although the weights are different.
This means two estimates of the integral can be performed without increasing the
number of function evaluations which in turn allows an estimate of the error to be
made. The cost for this is a reduction in the degree of polynomial function that is
always integrated exactly.
The following two solver commands SLVI and SLVS may use some hidden registers and flags. The start points of the respective register and flag blocks are passed
as one argument n.
Registers:
n+0 , n+1:
n+2:
n+3:
n+4:
first two estimates a and b for the root
third estimate c
function value at first estimate f(a)
function value at second estimate f(b)
Flags:
n+0 .. n+7: an eight bit iteration counter
n+8:
―bracket flag‖ – true if we've got an interval with f(a) * f(b) < 0
n+9:
true if all function evaluations have been constant so far
SLVI n
Initializes the solver. SLVI clears the iteration counter, takes a and b and calculates
f(a) and f(b), sets the last 2 flags accordingly, and produces a guess c. There is no
stack interaction.
SLVS n
Solver step. Updates the internal solver state based on the last function evaluation.
In particular, SLVS takes a, b, c, f(a), and f(b) from the register block plus f(c) from
X and updates the register values so that c and f(c) replace one of a and f(a) or b
and f(b). It also produces a new guess c and returns zero in X if the solving should
continue and non-zero if not. Otherwise, the stack isn't altered.
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Edition 3.0
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Name
Purpose and remarks
The built in solver loop looks like this in principle, assuming n = 0 :
SLVI
LBL 00
RCL 02
XEQUSR
x≈ 0?
GTO 01
SLVS
x= 0?
GTO 00
LBL 01
RCL 02
RTN
; calculate f(a) and f(b) and initialize the registers and flags
; recall c
; call the user's subroutine calculating f(c)
; test if the solution has converged
; converged, so exit the routine
; update estimates
; should we continue?
; loop back again
; best guess so far
The actual solver is fairly complex. A combination of quadratic interpolation and a guarded
secant method is used.
XEQUSR
Calls a user subroutine (used by SLV, ∫, Π and ). The subroutine is defined by the
argument to the initial command (either numeric of alpha label).
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Edition 3.0
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APPENDIX C: RELEASE NOTES
Date
Release notes
1
9.12.08 Start
1.1
15.12.08
Added the table of indicators; added NAND, NOR, XNOR, RCLWS, STOWS, //, N, SERR, SIGMA,
< and >; deleted HR, INPUT, 2 flag commands, and 2 conversions; extended explanations for addressing and
COMPLEX & …; put XOR on the keyboard; corrected errors.
1.2
4.1.09
Added ASRN, CBC?, CBS?, CCB, SCB, FLOAT, MIRROR, SLN, SRN, >BIN, >DEC, >HEX, >OCT, BETA, D>R,
DATE, DDAYS, D.MY, M.DY, Y.MD, CEIL, FLOOR, DSZ, ISZ, D>R, R>D, EMGAM, GSB, LNBETA, LNGAMMA,
MAX, MIN, NOP, REAL, RJ, W and WINV, ZETA, %+ and %-; renamed the top left keys B, C, and D, and bottom
left EXIT.
1.3
17.1.09
Added AIP, ALENG, ARCL, AROT, ASHF, ASTO, ATOX, XTOA, AVIEW, CLA, PROMPT (all taken from 42S),
CAPP, FC?C, FS?C, SGMNT, and the …# commands; renamed NBITS to BITS and STOWS to WSIZE; specified
the bit commands closer; deleted the 4 carry bit operations.
1.4
10.2.09
Added CONST and a table of constants provided, D>J and J>D, LEAP?, %T, RCL and STO and , and 2 forgotten statistics registers; deleted CHS, EMGAM, GSB, REAL and ZETA; purged and renamed the bit operations;
renamed many commands.
1.5
5.3.09
Added RNDINT, CONV and its table, a memory table, the description of XEQ B, C, D to the operation index, and a
and ge to the table of constants; put CLSTK on a key, moved CL and FILL, changed the % and log labels on the
keyboard, put CLALL in X.FCN; checked and cleaned alpha mode keyboard and added a temporary alpha keyboard; rearranged the alphabet to put Greek after Latin, symbols after Greek consistently; separated the input and
non-programmable commands; cleaned the addressing tables.
1.6
12.8.09
Added BASE, DAYS+, DROP, DROPY, E3OFF, E3ON, FC?F, FC?S, FIB, FS?F, FS?S, GCD, LCM, SETDAT,
SETTIM, SET24, SINC, TIME, VERS, αDAY, αMONTH, αRC#; %, as well as F-, t-, and 2-distributions and their
inverses; reassigned DATE, modified DENMAX, FLOAT, αROT, and αSHIFT; deleted BASE arithmetic, BIN, DEC,
HEX, and OCT; updated the alpha keyboards; added flags in the memory table; included indirect addressing for
comparisons; added a paragraph about the display; updated the table of indicators; corrected errors.
1.7
9.9.09
Added P.FCN and STAT catalogs, 4 more conversions, 3 more flags, Greek character access, CLFLAG,
DECOMP, DENANY, DENFAC, DENFIX, Iβ, IΓ, αDATE, αRL, αRR, αSL, αSR, αTIME, 12h, 24h, fraction mode
limits, normal distribution and its inverse for arbitrary µ and , and Boolean operations working within FLOAT; deleted αROT, αSHIFT, the timer, and forced radians after inverse hyperbolics; renamed WINV to W –1, and beta and
gamma commands to Greek; added tables of catalog contents; modified label addressing; relabeled PRGM to P/R
and PAUSE to PSE; swapped SHOW and PSE as well as % and % on the keyboard; relabeled Q; corrected CEIL
and FLOOR; updated X.FCN and alpha commands; updated the virtual alpha keyboard.
1.8
29.10.09
Added R-CLR, R-COPY, R-SORT, R-SWAP, RCLM, STOM, alpha catalogs, 1 more constant and some more conversions, a table of error messages, as well as the binomial, Poisson, geometric, Weibull and exponential distributions and their inverses; renamed some commands; put √‾ instead of on hotkey D.
1.9
14.12.09
Added two complex comparisons; swapped and changed labels in the top three rows of keys, dropped CLST;
completed function descriptions in the index.
1.10
19.1.10
Added IMPFRC, PROFRC, CENTER, αBEG, αEND, and an addressing table for items in catalogs; updated temporary alpha mode, display and indicators, RCLM and STOM, alpha-commands and the message table; renamed the
exponential distribution; wrote the introduction.
1.11
21.9.10
Changed keyboard layout to bring Π and to the front, relabeled binary log, swapped the locations of π, CLPR,
and STATUS, as well as SF and FS?; created a menu TEST for the comparisons removed and the other programmable tests from P.FCN; added %MG, %+MG, %MRR, RESET, SSIZE4, SSIZE8, SSIZE?, CDROP, CFILL,
C
R, CR, registers J and K, a table of contents and tables for stack mechanics and addressing in complex operations; updated memory and real number addressing tables, DECOMP, αOFF, αON, Π, and ; renamed ROUNDI,
WSIZE?, β(x,y), Γ(x) and the constant p0 ; deleted DROPY (use xy, DROP instead), αAPP, αBEG, αEND, and
the ―too long error‖ message; deleted Josephson and von Klitzing constants (they are just the inverses of other
constants included in CONST already); brought more symbols on the alpha keyboard.
1.12 22.12.10
Modified keyboard layout; added catalogs MODE and PROB; changed mode word, catalog contents and handling
(XEQ instead of ENTER), as well as some non-programmable info commands; expanded IMPFRC and PROFRC;
added a paragraph about the fonts provided and explained alpha catalogs in detail; added PRIME? and some conversions; deleted FRACT, OFF and ON.
1.13
Modified keyboard layout; modified αTIME, radix setting, H.MS+ and H.MS-; added EVEN?, FP?, INT?, LZOFF,
LZON, ODD?, RCLS, STOS, returned FRACT; added and renamed some conversions; updated the paragraph
about display; added appendices A and B; baptized the device WP 34S.
3.2.11
WP 34S Owner‘s Manual
Edition 3.0
Page 102 of 103
1.14
18.3.11
Started the Windows emulator.
Added DEC and INC, renamed FLOAT to DECM; redefined αTIME and H.MS mode; updated appendix A; documented the annunciators BEG and = as well as underflows and overflows in H.MS; corrected some errors showing
up with the emulator.
1.15
21.3.11
Modified FIX, removed ALL from MODE, updated CONV.
1.16
27.3.11
Added LBL?, f‘(x), and f‖(x); modified PSE; upgraded catalog searching.
1.17
9.5.11
Modified keyboard layout for adding a fourth hotkey; added AGM, BATT, Bn, Bn*, Cauch, Lgnrm, Logis and their
inverses, all the pdf, COV, CUBE, CUBERT, DEG, ENGOVR, ENTRY?, erfc, GRAD, GTO . hotkey, KEY?,
RAD, SCIOVR, SERRw, SLVQ, sw, sxy, TICKS, TVM, xg, , m, p, , w, (-1)X, the polynomials, four angular
conversions, four Planck constants, the regional settings, global alpha labels, and three messages; renamed most
cdf; changed DEG, RAD, GRAD to leaving angular mode as set; altered PSE for early termination by keystroke; made D.MY default instead of Y.MD; moved degrees to radians conversions to CONV; removed CCLx,
H.MS mode, %+ and %-; corrected errors.
1.18
5.6.11
Expanded program memory; modified label addressing (A ≠ ‗A‘) and fraction mode limits, changed ANGLE to work
in real and complex domains, renamed MOD to RMDR, changed the keyboard layout; put BACK, ERR, SKIP, and
SPEC? to the main index; added CAT and the I/O commands for flash memory, expanded R-COPY; corrected
xα.
2.0
21.7.11
Entered beta test phase.
Added DAY, MONTH, YEAR, FAST, SLOW, S.L, S.R, VWα+, flag A, ON + and –, some constants, and a paragraph about I/O; renamed old DAY to WDAY, RRCL to RCFRG, SRCL to RCFST; added an inverse conversion
shortcut, stoneskg, and changed Pambar to Pabar; modified the VIEW commands, ALL, DISP, MODE,
RCLM, STOM, and X.FCN; repaired hyperlinks; corrected some errors; included flash.txt; updated the first chapters, explained stack mechanics in more detail.
2.1
3.10.11
Added serial I/O commands, DELP, DSL, EXPT, IBASE?, INTM?, ISE, KTY?, MANT, NEXTP, PUTK, REALM?,
RM, RM?, SMODE?, TOP?, x√y, signed tests for zero, some constants, and the paragraph about interactive programming; updated the values in CONST to CODATA 2010, also updated SLVQ, SHOW, , Π, and the paragraphs
about statistics, predefined alpha labels and memory; corrected some errors; deleted complex ANGLE, BIN,
DEC, HEX, and OCT; redistributed the contents of X.FCN and P.FCN; renamed S.L and S.R to SDL and
SDR; put ‗?‘ on the alpha keyboard and moved £ to P to make room for ; expanded Appendix A; reorganized the
structure of the document; added first aid to the front page; rewrote the keyboard chapter.
2.2
26.10.11
Added MSG, y, z, and matrix operations, a paragraph about them and two new error messages for them.
3.0 2.11.11 Added MATRIX and CFIT catalogs, a footnote for DELP, returned BIN, DEC, HEX,
and OCT; changed keyboard layout to bring MATRIX to the front and to swap OFF and
SHOW; swapped 8 and 10, removed xa from the key plate; redistributed commands in the
catalogs; updated the introduction to statistics.
WARNING: This is just a working document to support discussion of new features.
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Edition 3.0
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