FOREIGN EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT Master Circular On Memorandum Of Instructions Governing Money Changing Activities

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RBI/2013-14/10
Master Circular No. 10/2013-14

July 01, 2013

To,
All Authorised Persons in Foreign Exchange
Madam / Sir,
Master Circular on Memorandum of Instructions
governing money changing activities
This Master Circular consolidates the existing instructions on the subject of
“Memorandum of Instructions governing money changing activities” at one place.
The list of underlying circulars/ notifications is set out in Appendix.
2. This Master Circular is being issued with a sunset clause. It will stand withdrawn
on July 1, 2014 and would be replaced by an updated Master Circular on the
subject.

Yours faithfully,

(Rudra Narayan Kar)
Chief General Manager-in-Charge

INDEX
SECTION-I ..............................................................................................................................2
Guidelines for Licencing and other Approvals for Authorised Money Changers (AMCs)....2
SECTION II .............................................................................................................................7
Guidelines for Grant of Authorisation for Additional Branches :-.........................................7
SECTION III ..........................................................................................................................10
Guidelines for appointment of Agents / Franchisees by Authorized Dealer Category – I
Banks, Authorized Dealers Category - II and FFMCs :- ....................................................10
SECTION IV..........................................................................................................................15
Guidelines for Renewal of licences of existing FFMCs : ...................................................15
SECTION V...........................................................................................................................16
Operational Instructions ....................................................................................................16
SECTION VI..........................................................................................................................27
KYC/ AML/ CFT Guidelines ..............................................................................................27
SECTION VII.........................................................................................................................28
Revocation of Licence ....................................................................................................28
SECTION VIII........................................................................................................................29
‘Fit and proper’ criteria for directors of FFMCs / non-bank ADs Category - II ...................29
Annex-I..................................................................................................................................32
KYC / AML / CFT Guidelines for money changing activities .............................................32
Annex-II.................................................................................................................................61
Application Form for FFMC licence under section 10(1) of FEMA, 1999 ..........................61
Annex-III................................................................................................................................63
Form RMC-F .....................................................................................................................63
Annex-IV ...............................................................................................................................64
FLM 1 ................................................................................................................................64
Annex-V ................................................................................................................................65
FLM 2 ................................................................................................................................65
Annex-VI ...............................................................................................................................66
FLM 3 ................................................................................................................................66
Annex-VII ..............................................................................................................................67
FLM 4 ................................................................................................................................67
Annex-VIII .............................................................................................................................68
FLM 5 ................................................................................................................................68
Annex-IX ...............................................................................................................................69
FLM 6 ................................................................................................................................69
Annex-X ................................................................................................................................70
FLM 7 ................................................................................................................................70
Annex- XI ..............................................................................................................................71
FLM 8 ................................................................................................................................71
Annex- XII .............................................................................................................................75
Statement of Purchase transactions of USD 10,000 and above.......................................75
Annex- XIII ............................................................................................................................76
Statement showing summation of Foreign Currency Account opened in India out of export
proceeds of Foreign Currency Notes/ encashed Travellers' Cheques..............................76
Annex- XIV ............................................................................................................................77
Statement of the amount of foreign currency written off during the financial year ............77
Appendix ...............................................................................................................................78

SECTION-I
Guidelines for Licencing and other Approvals for Authorised Money Changers
(AMCs)

1. Introduction
Authorised Money Changers (AMCs) are entities, authorised by the Reserve Bank
under Section 10 of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999. An AMC is a Full
Fledged Money Changer (FFMC). In addition to Authorised Dealer Category -I
Banks (AD Category–I Banks) and Authorised Dealers Category - II (ADs Category–
II), Full Fledged Money Changers (FFMCs) are authorised by the Reserve Bank to
deal in foreign exchange for specified purposes, to widen the access of foreign
exchange facilities to residents and tourists while ensuring efficient customer service
through competition. FFMCs are authorised to purchase foreign exchange from
residents and non-residents visiting India and to sell foreign exchange for certain
approved purposes. AD Category –I Banks / ADs Category – II / FFMCs may
appoint franchisees to undertake purchase of foreign currency*. No person shall
carry on or advertise that he carries on money changing business unless he is in
possession of a valid money changer’s licence issued by the Reserve Bank. Any
person found undertaking money changing business without a valid licence is liable
to be penalised under the Act ibid.
* Note :- Franchisees of AD Category –I Banks / ADs Category – II / FFMCs
functioning within 10 kms from the borders of Pakistan and Bangladesh may
also sell the currency of the bordering country, with the prior approval of the
Regional offices concerned of the Reserve Bank. Other franchises of AD
Category –I Banks / ADs Category – II / FFMCs cannot sell foreign currency.

2. Guidelines for issuance of FFMC Licence :The guidelines for issue of new FFMC licence and renewal of FFMC licence, branch
licensing, approval for appointment of agents / franchisees and Know Your

Customer (KYC) / Anti Money Laundering (AML) / Combating the Financing of
Terrorism (CFT) Guidelines for Authorised Persons are given below.
(i) Entry Norms

(i)

The applicant has to be a company registered under the Companies
Act, 1956.

(ii)

The minimum Net Owned Funds (NOF) required for consideration as
FFMC are as follows:
Category

Minimum Net Owned Funds

Single branch FFMC

Rs.25 lakh

Multiple branch FFMC

Rs.50 lakh

Note :- The Net Owned Funds of applicants, other than banks, should be
calculated as per the following.
(a) Owned Funds :- (Paid-up Equity Capital + Free reserves + Credit
balance in Profit & Loss A/c) minus (Accumulated balance of loss,
Deferred revenue expenditure and Other intangible assets)
(b) Net Owned Funds :- Owned funds minus the amount of investments
in shares of its subsidiaries, companies in the same group, all (other)
non-banking financial companies as also the book value of debentures,
bonds, outstanding loans and advances made to and deposits with its
subsidiaries and companies in the same group in excess of 10 per cent
of the Owned funds.
(ii) Documentation
Application in the form, as at Annex - II, should be submitted to the respective
Regional Office of the Foreign Exchange Department of the Reserve Bank under
whose jurisdiction the registered office of the applicant falls, along with the following
documents:
(a)

Copy each of the Certificate of Incorporation and Certificate of
Commencement of Business of the company.
3

(b)

Memorandum and Articles of Association containing a provision for
undertaking money changing business or an appropriate amendment
to this effect filed with the Company Law Board.

(c)

Copy of the latest audited accounts with a certificate from the Statutory
Auditors certifying the Net Owned Funds as on the date of application.
Copies of the audited Balance Sheet and Profit & Loss Account of the
company for the last three years, wherever applicable.

(d)

Confidential Report from the applicant's banker in a sealed cover.

(e)

A declaration to the effect that no proceedings have been initiated by /
are pending with the Directorate of Enforcement (DoE) / Directorate of
Revenue Intelligence (DRI) or any other law enforcing authorities,
against the applicant company or its directors and that no criminal
cases are initiated / pending against the applicant company or its
directors.

(f)

A declaration to the effect that proper policy framework on KYC / AML /
CFT, in accordance with the guidelines issued vide A.P.(DIR Series)
Circular No. 17[ A.P.(FL/RL Series) Circular No. 04] dated November
27, 2009, as amended from time to time, will be put in place on
obtaining

the

approval

the

Reserve

Bank

and

before

commencement of operations.
(g)

Details of sister / associated concerns operating in the financial sector,
like NBFCs, etc.

(h)

A certified copy of the board resolution for undertaking money
changing business.

(iii)

Basis for Approval
(i)

Since several FFMCs are already functioning, fresh licences will be
issued on a selective basis to those who comply with all the licencing
requirements.
4

(ii)

'Fit and proper' criteria for the applicant FFMCs #
If any case by DoE / DRI or any other case by any other law enforcing
authorities, is initiated / pending against any company / its directors,
the company will not be considered as 'fit and proper' and its
application will not be considered for licencing as FFMC.
(# Also applicable to non-bank ADs Category - II)

(iii)

‘Fit and proper’ criteria for directors of FFMCs *
Please see SECTION- VIII for the details in this regard.
(* Also applicable to non-bank ADs Category - II)

(iv)

Clearance by the Empowered Committee
The request for issuance of FFMC licence would be considered by the
Regional Office concerned of the Reserve Bank on the basis of the
clearance by an Empowered Committee, set up for the purpose.

(v)

Reserve Bank’s decision in the matter of granting approval or
otherwise will be final and binding.

(vi)

On obtaining approval from the Reserve Bank, a copy of the
registration

under

Shops

Establishment Act or any other

documentary evidence such as rent receipt, copy of lease agreement,
etc. should be submitted to the Regional Office concerned of the
Reserve Bank before commencement of the business.
(vii)

The FFMC should commence its operations within a period of six
months from the date of issuance of licence and inform the Regional
Office concerned of the Reserve Bank.

(viii)

New FFMCs should carry out their activities as per the instructions
specified in SECTIONS V and VI below and other instructions issued
by the Reserve Bank from time to time.

[Note:- Urban Cooperative Banks (UCBs), fulfilling the eligibility norms,
would be considered for authorization as Authorised Dealer Category-I /
Authorised Dealer Category-II only.]

SECTION II
Guidelines for Grant of Authorisation for Additional Branches :-

1. No FFMC shall carry on money changing business at any additional place of
business other than its permanent place of business except with the prior approval
of the Reserve Bank. An FFMC which intends to commence money changing
business at any additional place of business shall apply in writing to the respective
Regional Office of the Foreign Exchange Department under whose jurisdiction the
registered office of the applicant falls and the Reserve Bank may approve the
additional place of business subject to such conditions as deem fit. It is expected
that branches of Authorised Persons should be diversified and should be meeting
the demand of tourists,etc. Preference will be given to applications for branches in
remote areas of tourist attraction.

2. Applications for additional locations (places of business) should be accompanied
by the following:(a)

Copy of the latest audited accounts with a certificate from the Statutory
Auditors regarding the position of Net Owned Funds as on the date of
application.

(b)

Confidential Report from the applicant's banker in a sealed cover.

(c)

A declaration to the effect that no proceedings have been initiated by /
are pending at the Directorate of Enforcement (DoE) / Directorate of
Revenue Intelligence (DRI) or any other law enforcing authorities
against the applicant or its directors and that no criminal cases are
initiated / pending against the applicant or its directors. No new branch
license will be issued to any FFMC, against whom any major DoE /
DRI case is pending. In DoE / DRI pending cases of a minor nature, a

decision will be taken by the Reserve Bank on a case by case basis.
The categorization of pending DoE / DRI cases as major / minor will be
at the discretion of the Reserve Bank and the decision of the Reserve
Bank will be final and binding. Where any DoE / DRI case is
adjudicated and penalty is imposed, a view will be taken, on the basis
of the nature of the offence, provided no fresh case is instituted by DoE
/ DRI.
(d)

A copy of the KYC / AML/ CFT policy framework existing in the
company.

(e)

Brief write-up on the internal control systems, including internal and
external audit.

3. A copy of the registration under Shops & Establishment Act or any other
documentary evidence such as rent receipt, copy of lease agreement, etc. should be
submitted to the Regional Office concerned of the Reserve Bank before
commencement of business at an additional branch.

4. For opening Foreign Exchange Counters (full-fledged branches/ extension
counters) at the international airports in India, AD Category-I banks/ AD Category –
II/ FFMCs should adhere to following conditions.
(a) Foreign Exchange Counters in the arrival halls in international airports in India
shall ideally be established after the Customs Desk (Green Channel/Red
Channel). However, Foreign Exchange Counters may also be established
between the Immigration Desk and the Customs Desk in international airports
in India subject to the condition that these counters shall only purchase
foreign currency and sell Indian Rupees (INR) and "Encashment Certificates"
shall invariable be issued by the money changers to the customers.
(b) Foreign Exchange Counters in the departure halls in international airports in
India shall be established only before the Customs Desk or the immigration
desk, whichever comes first. Putting up suitable display at these counters,

reminding the passengers that the area is the last point for non-residents to
possess Indian Rupees (INR) may be followed up with the Airport Authorities.

5. The FFMC should commence operations of its additional branch within a period of
six months from the date of issuance of licence and inform the Regional Office
concerned of the Reserve Bank.

SECTION III
Guidelines for appointment of Agents / Franchisees by Authorized Dealer Category
– I Banks, Authorized Dealers Category - II and FFMCs :-

1. Under the Scheme, the Reserve Bank permits AD Category – I Banks, ADs
Category - II and FFMCs to enter into [franchisee (also referred as agency)]
agreements at their option for the purpose of carrying on Restricted Money
Changing business i.e. conversion of foreign currency notes, coins or travellers'
cheques into Indian Rupees.

2. Franchisee
A franchisee can be any entity which has a place of business and a minimum Net
Owned Funds of Rs.10 lakh. Franchisees can undertake only restricted money
changing business.

3. Franchisee Agreement
AD Category-I Banks / ADs Category-II / FFMCs as the franchisers are free to
decide on the tenor of the arrangement as also the commission or fee through
mutual agreement with the franchisee.
The Agency / Franchisee agreement to be entered into should include the following
salient features:
(a)

The franchisees should display the names of their franchisers, exchange
rates and that they are authorized only to purchase foreign currency,
prominently in their offices. Exchange Rate for conversion of foreign currency
into Rupees should be the same or close to the daily exchange rate charged
by the AD Category – I Banks / ADs Category - II / FFMC at its branches.

(b)

The foreign currency purchased by the franchisee should be surrendered only
to its franchiser within 7 working days from the date of purchase.

(c)

The maintenance of proper record of transactions by the franchisee.

(d)

The on-site inspection of the franchisee by the franchiser should be
conducted at least once a year.

4. Procedure for application
An AD Category – I Bank / AD Category - II/ FFMC should apply to the respective
Regional Office of the Reserve Bank, in Form RMC-F (Annex-III) for appointment of
franchisees under this Scheme. The application should be accompanied by a
declaration that while selecting the franchisees, adequate due diligence has been
carried out and that such entities have undertaken to comply with all the provisions
of the franchising agreement and prevailing Reserve Bank regulations regarding
money changing. Approval would be granted by the Reserve Bank for the first
franchisee arrangement. Thereafter, as and when new franchisee agreements are
entered into, these would have to be reported to the Reserve Bank in Form RMC-F
(Annex-III) on a post-facto basis along with similar declaration as indicated above.

5. Due Diligence of Franchisees
The AD Category Banks – I / ADs Category – II / FFMCs should undertake the
following minimum checks while conducting the due diligence of the franchisees :
•

existing business activities of the franchisee/ its position in the area.

•

minimum Net Owned Funds of the franchisee.

•

Shops & Establishments / other applicable municipal certification in favour
of the franchisee.

•

verification of physical existence of location of the franchisee, where
restricted money changing activities will be conducted.

•

conduct certificate of the franchisee from the local police authorities.
(certified copy of Memorandum and Articles of Association and Certificate
of Incorporation in respect of incorporated entities).

Note: Obtaining of Conduct Certificate of the franchisee from the local police
authorities is optional for the franchisers. However, the franchisers may take
due care to avoid appointing individuals/ entities as franchisees who have
cases / proceedings initiated / pending against them by any law enforcing
agencies.
•

declaration regarding past criminal case, if any, cases initiated / pending
against the franchisee or its directors / partners by any law enforcing
agency, if any.

•

PAN Card of the franchisee and its directors / partners.

•

photographs of the directors / partners and the key persons of franchisee.

The above checks should be done on a regular basis, at least once in a year. The
AD Category – I Banks / ADs Category – II / FFMCs should obtain from the
franchisees proper documentary evidence confirming the location of the franchisees
in addition to personal visits to the site. The AD Category –I Banks / ADs Category –
II / FFMCs should also obtain a Chartered Accountant's certificate confirming the
maintenance of the Net Owned Funds of the franchisee, i.e., ` 10 lakh on an
ongoing basis.

6. Selection of Centers

(i) The AD Category-I banks / AD Category –II / FFMCs may appoint franchisees
within a distance of 100 kms. from their controlling branches concerned.
(ii)

However, this distance criterion is exempted in case of a recognized group/

chain of hotels appointed as franchisees, provided the headquarters of the group/

chain of hotels falls within a distance of 100 kms. of the controlling branch of the AD
Category – I banks / AD Category – II/ FFMCs (franchiser) concerned.
(iii) Further, in case of areas declared as hilly areas (as defined by the respective
State Governments/ Union Territories) and the North-Eastern States, the distance
restriction given in point (i) above is not applicable.

7. Training
Franchisers are expected to impart training to the franchisees as regards operations
and maintenance of records.
8. Reporting, Audit and Inspection
The franchisers, i.e. the AD Category–I Banks / ADs Category–II / FFMCs, are
expected to put in place adequate arrangements for reporting of transactions by the
franchisees to the franchisers on a regular basis (at least monthly). Regular spot
audits of all locations of franchisees, at least once in six months, should be
conducted by AD Category–I Banks / ADs Category–II / FFMCs. Such audits should
involve a dedicated team and 'mystery customer' (individuals acting as potential
customers to experience and measure the extent up to which people and
process perform as they should) concept should be used to test the compliance
level of the franchisees. A system of annual inspection of the books of the
franchisees should also be put in place. The purpose of such inspection is to ensure
that the money changing business is being carried out by the franchisees in
conformity with the terms of the agreement and prevailing Reserve Bank guidelines
and that necessary records are being maintained by the franchisees.

9. Anti Money Laundering (AML) / Know Your Customer (KYC) / Combating the
Financing of Terrorism (CFT) Guidelines
Franchisees are required to strictly adhere to the AML / KYC/ CFT guidelines, as
applicable to AD Category–I Banks / ADs Category – II / FFMCs.

Note:- No licence for appointment of franchisees will be issued to any FFMC /
non-bank AD Category - II, against whom any major DoE / DRI / CBI / Police
case is pending. In case where any FFMC / non-bank AD Category - II has
received one-time approval for appointing franchisees and subsequent to the
date of approval, any DoE / DRI / CBI / Police case is filed, the FFMC / nonbank AD Category - II should not appoint any further franchisees and bring
the matter to the notice of the Reserve Bank immediately. A decision will be
taken by the Reserve Bank regarding allowing the FFMC / non-bank AD
Category - II to appoint franchisees.

SECTION IV
Guidelines for Renewal of licences of existing FFMCs :
1.

The applicant should be a company registered under the Companies Act,
1956 having registered office within the area of jurisdiction of the respective
Regional Office of the Foreign Exchange Department.

The Net Owned Funds required are as follows:
Category
Single branch FFMC
Multiple branch FFMC

Minimum Net Owned Funds
Rs..25 lakh
Rs..50 lakh

Applications for renewal should be submitted along with the documents,
mentioned below.
(a)

Copy of the latest audited accounts with a certificate from the Statutory
Auditors regarding the position of Net Owned Funds as on date.

(b)

Confidential Report from the applicant's banker in a sealed cover.

(c)

A declaration to the effect that no proceedings have been initiated by/
are pending with the Directorate of Enforcement / Directorate of
Revenue Intelligence or any other law enforcing authorities against the
applicant company or its directors and that no criminal cases are
initiated/ pending against the applicant company or its directors.

(d)

A copy of the KYC / AML / CFT policy framework existing in the
company.

Note :- An application for the renewal of a money-changer’s licence shall be
made not later than one month, or such other period as the Reserve Bank may
prescribe, before the expiry of the licence. Where a person submits an
application for the renewal of his money changer’s licence, the licence shall
continue in force until the date on which the licence is renewed or the
application is rejected, as the case may be. No application for renewal of a
money-changer’s licence shall be made after the expiry of the licence.

SECTION V
Operational Instructions

1. Bringing in and taking out of Foreign Exchange
(i) Foreign exchange in any form can be brought into India freely without limit
provided it is declared on the Currency Declaration Form (CDF) on arrival to the
Custom Authorities. When foreign exchange brought in the form of currency notes or
travellers' cheques does not exceed US$ 10,000/- or its equivalent and / or the value
of foreign currency notes does not exceed US$ 5,000/- or its equivalent, declaration
thereof on CDF is not insisted upon.
(ii) Taking out foreign exchange in any form, other than foreign exchange obtained
from an authorized dealer or a money changer is prohibited unless it is covered by a
general or special permission of the Reserve Bank. Non-residents, however, have
general permission to take out an amount not exceeding the amount originally
brought in by them, subject to compliance with the provisions of sub-para (i) above.

2. Purchases of Foreign Currency from Public
(i)

Authorised Money Changers (AMCs) / franchisees may freely purchase

foreign currency notes, coins and travellers cheques from residents as well as nonresidents. Where the foreign currency was brought in by declaring on form CDF, the
tenderer should be asked to produce the same. The AMC should invariably insist on
production of declaration in CDF.
(ii)

AMCs may sell Indian Rupees to foreign tourists / visitors against

International Credit Cards / 1 International Debit Cards and take prompt steps to
obtain reimbursement through normal banking channels.

A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.96 dated 05.04.2013
16

3. Encashment Certificate
(i)

AMCs may issue certificate of encashment when asked for in cases of

purchases of foreign currency notes, coins and travellers cheques from residents as
well as non-residents. These certificates bearing authorized signatures should be
issued on the letter head of the money changer and proper record should be
maintained.
(ii)

In cases where encashment certificate is not issued, attention of the

customers should be drawn to the fact that unspent local currency held by nonresidents will be allowed to be converted into foreign currency only against
production of a valid encashment certificate.
4.

Purchases from other AMCs and Authorized Dealers (ADs)

AMCs may purchase from other AMCs and ADs any foreign currency notes, coins
and encashed travellers’ cheques tendered in the normal course of business. Rupee
equivalent of the amount of foreign exchange purchased should be paid only by way
of crossed account payee cheque/Demand Draft/Bankers' cheque / Pay order.
5.

Sale of foreign exchange

(I)

Private Visits

AMCs may sell foreign exchange up to the prescribed ceiling (currently US $ 10,000)
specified in Schedule III to the Foreign Exchange Management (Current Account
Transaction) Rules, 2000 during a financial year to persons resident in India for
undertaking one or more private visits to any country abroad (except Nepal and
Bhutan). Exchange for such private visits will be available on a self-declaration basis
to the traveller regarding the amount of foreign exchange availed during a financial
year. Foreign nationals permanently resident in India are also eligible to avail of this
quota for private visits provided the applicant is not availing of facilities for remittance
of his salary, savings, etc., abroad in terms of extant regulations.

(II) Business visits
AMCs may sell foreign exchange to persons resident in India for undertaking
business travel or for attending a conference or specialized training or for
maintenance expenses of a patient going abroad for medical treatment or check up
abroad or for accompanying as attendant to a patient going abroad for medical
treatment / check-up up to the limits (currently US $ 25,000 per visit) specified in
Schedule III to FEMA (Current Account Transactions) Rules, 2000.

(III) Forex Pre-paid Cards
Authorised Dealers Category-II may issue forex pre-paid cards to residents travelling
on private/business visit abroad, subject to KYC/AML/CFT requirements. However,
the settlement in respect of forex pre-paid cards may be effected through AD
Category-I banks.
Conditions
i.

The Reserve Bank will not generally, prescribe the documents which should be
verified by the AMCs while releasing foreign exchange. In this connection,
attention of AMCs is drawn to sub-section (5) of Section 10 of FEMA, 1999.

ii.

In case of issue of travellers’ cheques, the traveler should sign the cheques in
the presence of an authorized official and the purchaser’s acknowledgement for
receipt of the travellers’ cheques should be held on record.

iii.

AMCs may release foreign exchange for travel purposes on the basis of a
declaration given by the traveler regarding the amount of foreign exchange
availed of during the financial year.

iv.

AMCs may accept payment in cash up to Rs.50,000/- (Rupees fifty thousand
only) against sale of foreign exchange for travel abroad (for private visit or for any
other purpose). Wherever the sale of foreign exchange exceeds the amount
equivalent to Rs.50,000/-, the payment must be received only by a crossed
cheque drawn on the applicant’s bank account or crossed cheque drawn on the
bank account of the firm / company sponsoring the visit of the applicant or

Banker’s cheque / Pay Order / Demand Draft. For this purpose, where the Rupee
equivalent of foreign exchange drawn exceeds Rs. 50,000/- either for any single
drawal or more than one drawal reckoned together for a single journey visit, it
should be paid by crossed cheque/ Banker’s cheque / Pay Order / Demand
Draft. In addition to the payment by Rupees/ through crossed cheque/ Banker’s
cheque/ Pay order/ Demand draft, AMCs may also accept the payments made
by the traveller through debit cards/ credit cards/ prepaid cards for travel abroad
(for private visit or for any other purpose) provided- (i) KYC/ AML / CFT
guidelines are complied with, (ii) sale of foreign currency/ issue of foreign
currency travellers’ cheques is within the limits (credit/ prepaid cards) prescribed
by the bank, (iii) the purchaser of foreign currency/ foreign currency travellers’
cheque and the credit/ debit/ prepaid card holder is one and the same person.
v.

The sale of foreign currency notes and coins within the overall entitlement of
foreign exchange should be restricted to the limits prescribed by the Reserve
Bank from time to time for the country of visit of the traveller.
6. Sales against Reconversion of Indian Currency
AMCs may convert into foreign currency, unspent Indian currency held by nonresidents at the time of their departure from India, provided a valid Encashment
Certificate is produced.
Note (1) : AMCs may convert at their discretion, unspent Indian currency up to
`.10,000 in the possession of non-residents if, for bonafide reasons, the person is
unable to produce an Encashment Certificate after ensuring that the departure is
scheduled to take place within the following seven days.
Note (2) : ADs Category – I, ADs Category – II and FFMCs may provide facility for
reconversion of Indian Rupees to the extent of Rs.50,000/- to foreign tourists (not
NRIs) against ATM Receipts based on the following documents.
•

Valid Passport and VISA

•

Ticket confirmed for departure within 7 days.

•

Original ATM slip (to be verified with the original debit/ credit card).

Cash Memo

AMCs may issue a cash memo, if asked for, on official letterhead to travellers to
whom foreign currency is sold by them. The cash memo may be required for
production to emigration authorities while leaving the country.
8.

Rates of Exchange

AMCs may put through transactions relating to foreign currency notes and travellers'
cheques at rates of exchange determined by market conditions and in alignment
with the ongoing market rates.
9.

Display of Exchange Rate Chart

AMCs should display at a prominent place in or near the public counter, a chart
indicating the rates for purchase/sale of foreign currency notes and travellers'
cheques for all the major currencies and the card rates for any day, should be
updated, latest by 10:30 a.m.
10.

Foreign Currency Balances

(i)

AMCs should keep balances in foreign currencies at reasonable levels and

avoid build up of idle balances with a view to speculating on currency movements.
(ii)

Franchisees should surrender foreign currency notes, coins and travellers'

cheques purchased only to their franchisers within seven working days.
(iii)

The transactions between authorized dealers and FFMCs should be settled

by way of account payee crossed cheques / demand drafts. Under no circumstances
should settlement be made in cash.
11.

Replenishment of Foreign currency Balances

(i)

AMCs may obtain their normal business requirements of foreign currency

notes from other AMCs / authorized dealers in foreign exchange in India, against
payment in rupees made by way of account payee crossed cheque / Demand Draft.

(ii)

Where AMCs are unable to replenish their stock in this manner, they may

make an application to the Forex Markets Division, Foreign Exchange Department,
Central Office, Reserve Bank of India, Mumbai through an AD Category-I for
permission to import foreign currency into India. The import should take place
through the designated AD Category-I through whom the application is made.
12.
Export / Disposal of surplus Foreign Currency Notes / Travellers'
Cheques
AMCs may export surplus foreign currency notes / encashed travellers' cheques to
an overseas bank through designated Authorized Dealer Category - I in foreign
exchange for realization of their value through the latter. FFMCs may also export
surplus foreign currency to private money changers abroad subject to the condition
that either the realizable value is credited in advance to the AD Category – I bank’s
nostro account or a guarantee is issued by an international bank of repute covering
the full value of the foreign currency notes / coins to be exported.
13.

Write-off of fake foreign currency notes

In the event of foreign currency notes purchased being found fake/forged
subsequently, AMCs may write- off up to US $ 2000 per financial year after approval
of their Top Management after exhausting all available options for recovery of the
amount. Any write-off in excess of the above amount, would require the approval of
the Regional Office concerned of the Foreign Exchange Department of the Reserve
Bank.
14.

Registers and Books of Accounts of Money-changing Business

(i)

AMCs shall maintain the following Registers in respect of their moneychanging transactions :
(a)

Daily Summary and Balance Book (Foreign currency notes / coins) in
form FLM 1 (Annex-IV).

(b)

Daily Summary and Balance Book (Travellers' cheques) in form FLM 2
(Annex-V).

(c)

(d)

Register of purchases of foreign currency notes / coins from authorized
dealers and authorized money changers in form FLM 4 (Annex-VII).

(e)

Register of sales of foreign currency notes / coins and foreign currency
travellers' cheques to the public in form FLM 5 (Annex-VIII).

(f)

Register of sales of foreign currency notes / coins to authorized
dealers / Full Fledged Money Changers / overseas banks in form FLM
6 (Annex-IX).

(g)

Register of travellers' cheques surrendered to authorized dealers /
authorized money changers / exported in form FLM 7 (Annex-X).

(ii)

All registers and books should be kept up-to-date, cross-checked and
balances verified daily.

(iii)

Transactions not pertaining to money changing business of the AMC should
not be mixed up with money changing transactions. In other words, the
registers and books of account should show clearly the trail of transactions
pertaining to money changing business.

(iv)

Separate registers should be maintained for each establishment, if the AMC
maintains more than one place of business.
Note :- Inter-branch transfer of foreign currencies should be accounted as
stock transfer and not as sales.

15.

Submission of Statements to the Reserve Bank

(i)

AMCs should submit to the office of the Reserve Bank which has issued the
license, a monthly consolidated statement for all its offices in respect of sale
and purchase of foreign currency notes in form FLM 8 (Annex-XI) so as to
reach not later than the 10th of the succeeding month.

(ii)

AMCs should submit to the Regional Office concerned of the Foreign
Exchange Department, Reserve Bank, a monthly statement indicating details

of receipt / purchase of US $ 10,000 (or its equivalent) and above per
transactions in the enclosed format as at Annex-XII, within 10 days of the
close of the month. FFMCs / ADs Category - II should include transactions of
their franchisees in their statement.
(iii)

AMCs should submit a quarterly statement regarding Foreign Currency
Account/s maintained in India in their names with AD Category-I Banks to the
Regional Office concerned of the Foreign Exchange Department, Reserve
Bank as per the format in Annex-XIII.

(iv)

An Annual Statement should be submitted by all the AMCs to the respective
Regional Offices of the Foreign Exchange Department, Reserve Bank which
have issued the licenses within one month of the financial year-end, giving
the details of the amount written off during the financial year, as per the
format as at Annex-XIV.

16.

Inspection of Transactions of AMCs

Section 12(1) of Foreign Exchange Management Act 1999, empowers any officer of
Reserve Bank specially authorized in this behalf to inspect the books and accounts
and other documents of AMCs. The AMCs should provide all assistance and cooperation to Inspecting Officers in carrying out their inspection. Failure to produce
any books of account or other document or to furnish any statement or information
or to answer any question relating to the money changing transactions to the
Inspecting Officers, shall be deemed to be a contravention of the provisions of the
Act ibid.
17.

Concurrent Audit

(i)

AMCs should put in place a system of Concurrent Audit of the transactions

undertaken by them.
(ii)

All single branch AMCs having a turnover of more than US $ 100,000 or

equivalent per month . Single branch AMCs having turnover of less than US $
100,000 or its equivalent may institute a system of quarterly audit. AMCs having
23

multiple branches, may put in place a system of Concurrent Audit which will cover 80
per cent of the transactions value-wise under a system of monthly audit and rest 20
per cent of the transactions value-wise under quarterly audit.

(iii)

Appointment / selection of concurrent auditors is left to the discretion of the

AMCs. The concurrent auditors should check all the transactions of the AMCs and
ensure that all the instructions issued by the Reserve Bank from time to time have
been complied with. The Statutory Auditors are required to certify that the
Concurrent Audit and the internal control systems are working satisfactorily.
18. Temporary Money Changing Facilities
AMCs are authorized to transact money changing business only at the location or
locations specifically indicated in the licence. If it is intended to provide money
changing facilities on a temporary basis on certain special occasions, a separate
application should be made for the purpose to the Regional Office concerned of the
Foreign Exchange Department of the Reserve Bank. Full details such as period for
which the exchange counter will be operated, volume of business expected, manner
of accounting of the transactions, letter from organizers making available venue for
the money changing facilities, etc. should be submitted.
19. (A) Opening of Foreign Currency Accounts by AMCs
AMCs, with the approval of the respective Regional Offices of the Foreign Exchange
Department, may be allowed to open Foreign Currency Accounts in India, subject to
the following conditions:(i)

Only one account may be permitted at a particular centre.

(ii)

Only the value of foreign currency notes/ encashed TCs exported through the

specific bank and realized can be credited to the account.
(iii)

Balances in the accounts shall be utilized only for settlement of liabilities on

account of-

(a)

TCs sold by the AMCs and

(b)

Foreign currency notes acquired by the AMCs from AD Category-I
banks.

(iv)

No idle balance shall be maintained in the said account.

(B) Opening of Nostro Account by Authorised Dealers Category-II
Authorised Dealers Category-II may open Nostro Accounts after getting one time
approval from the Reserve Bank, subject to following terms and conditions.
i) Only one Nostro account for each currency may be opened;
ii) Balances in the account should be utilized only for the settlement of
remittances sent for permissible purposes and not for the settlement in respect
of forex prepaid cards;
iii) No idle balance shall be maintained in the said account; and
iv) They will be subject to reporting requirements as prescribed from time to
time.
20.

Submission of Balance Sheet and maintenance of NOF

All AMCs are required to submit their annual audited balance sheet to the respective
Regional office of the Reserve Bank for the purpose of verification of their Net
Owned Funds along-with a certificate from the statutory auditors regarding the NOF
as on the date of the balance sheet. As AMCs are expected to maintain the
minimum NOF on an ongoing basis, if there is any erosion in their NOF below the
minimum level, they are required to bring it to the notice of the Reserve Bank
immediately along with a detailed time bound plan for restoring the Net Owned
Funds to the minimum required level.

21.

Participation by Full Fledged Money Changers (FFMCs) and Authorised
Dealers Category-II (ADs Category-II) in the Currency Futures and
Exchange traded Currency Options markets

FFMCs and ADs Category-II [which are not Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), Local
Area Banks (LABs), Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) and Non-Banking Financial
Companies (NBFCs)], having a minimum net worth of ` 5 crore, may participate in
the designated currency futures and currency options on exchanges recognized by
the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) as clients only for the purpose of
hedging their underlying foreign exchange exposures. FFMCs and ADs Category–II
which are RRBs, LABs, UCBs and NBFCs, may be guided by the instructions issued
by the respective regulatory Departments of the Reserve Bank in this regard.

SECTION VI

KYC/ AML/ CFT Guidelines

Detailed Know Your Customer (KYC) /Anti-Money Laundering (AML) /Combating the
Financing of Terrorism (CFT) guidelines in respect of money changing activities are
detailed in Annex-I.

SECTION VII

Revocation of Licence

The Reserve Bank reserves the right to revoke the licence granted to an AMC at any
time if the Reserve Bank is satisfied that (a) it is in public interest to do so or (b) the
AMC has failed to comply with any condition subject to which the authorisation is
granted or has contravened any of the provisions of the Foreign Exchange
Management Act, 1999 or any rule, regulation, notification, direction or order made
there-under. The Reserve Bank also reserves the right to revoke the authorisation of
any of the offices for infringement of any statutory or regulatory provision. The
Reserve Bank may at any time vary or revoke any of the existing conditions of a
money changer’s licence or impose new conditions.

SECTION VIII

[See SECTION I, Paragraph 2 (iii) (iii)]
‘Fit and proper’ criteria for directors of FFMCs / non-bank ADs Category - II
(a)

The Boards of FFMCs / non-bank ADs Category - II should undertake a

process of due diligence to determine the suitability of the person for appointment /
continuing to hold appointment as a director on the Board, based upon qualification,
expertise, track record, integrity and other ‘fit and proper’ criteria. For assessing
integrity and suitability, factors like criminal record, if any, financial position, civil
action initiated to pursue personal debts, refusal of admission to or expulsion from
professional bodies, sanctions imposed by regulators or similar bodies, previous
questionable business practices, etc. should be considered. The Board of Directors
should assess ‘fit and proper’ status by calling for information by way of selfdeclaration, verification reports from market, etc. FFMCs / non-bank ADs Category II should obtain necessary information and declaration from the proposed / existing
directors for the purpose in Proforma given at the end.
(b)

The process of due diligence should be undertaken by the FFMCs / non-bank

ADs Category - II at the time of appointment / renewal of appointment.
(c)

The Boards of the FFMCs / non-bank ADs Category - II should constitute

Nomination Committees to scrutinize the declarations.
(d)

Based on the information provided in the signed declaration, Nomination

Committees should decide on the acceptance or otherwise and may make
references, where considered necessary to the appropriate authority / persons, to
ensure their compliance with the requirements indicated.
(e)

FFMCs / non-bank ADs Category - II should obtain annually as on 31st March

a simple declaration that the information already provided has not undergone

change and where there is any change, requisite details are furnished by the
directors forthwith.
(f)

Further, the candidate should normally not exceed 70 years of age, should

not be a Member of Parliament / Member of Legislative Assembly / Member of
Legislative Council.
(g)

Any change in directors during the year should be reported to the Regional

Office concerned of the Foreign Exchange Department, Reserve Bank of India in the
Proforma given below.
(h) Comments of respective Departments of the Reserve Bank will be obtained on
the operations of an applicant who / whose parent organisation is already licenced /
authorised by the Reserve Bank.

Proforma

Information about New Directors / Change of Directors of the FFMC / non-bank
AD Category – II

Name

Designation

Nationality

Age

Business Address

Residential Address

Educational / professional qualifications

Line of business or vocation

Name/s of other companies in which the person has :
held the post of Chairman / Managing Director /
Director / Chief Executive Officer

10.

(i) Whether associated as promoter, Managing :
Director, Chairman or Director with any other FFMC /
AD Category - II?
(ii) If yes, the name/s of the company/ies

11.

(i) Whether prosecuted/convicted for any economic :
offence either in the individual capacity or as a
partner / director of any firm / company
(ii) If yes, particulars thereof

12.

Experience in money changing business (number of :
years)

13.

Equity shareholding in the company
No. of shares

Face value

Percentage to total equity share capital of the :
company:

Signature

Name

Date

Designation

Place

(Chief Executive Officer)
Company

Annex-I
[See SECTION VI]

PART A
KYC / AML / CFT Guidelines for money changing activities

Know Your Customer (KYC) norms / Anti-Money Laundering (AML) standards /
Combating the Financing of Terrorism (CFT) / Obligation of APs under
Prevention of Money Laundering Act, (PMLA), 2002, as amended by
Prevention of Money Laundering (Amendment) Act, 2009 – Money Changing
activities
1. Introduction
The offence of Money Laundering has been defined in Section 3 of the Prevention of
Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA) as "whosoever directly or indirectly attempts to
indulge or knowingly assists or knowingly is a party or is actually involved in any
process or activity connected with the proceeds of crime and projecting it as
untainted property shall be guilty of offence of money laundering". Money
Laundering can be called a process by which money or other assets obtained as
proceeds of crime are exchanged for "clean money" or other assets with no obvious
link to their criminal origins.
There are three stages of money laundering during which there may be numerous
transactions made by launderers that could alert an institution to criminal activity –
•

Placement - the physical disposal of cash proceeds derived from illegal
activity.

•

Layering - separating illicit proceeds from their source by creating complex
layers of financial transactions designed to disguise the audit trail and provide
anonymity.

•

Integration - the provision of apparent legitimacy to criminally derived wealth.
If the layering process has succeeded, integration schemes place the

laundered proceeds back into the economy in such a way that they re-enter
the financial system appearing to be normal business funds.

The objective

The objective of prescribing KYC/AML/CFT guidelines is to prevent the system of
purchase and / or sale of foreign currency notes / Travellers' cheques by Authorised
Persons (referred as APs hereinafter) from being used, intentionally or
unintentionally, by criminal elements for money laundering or terrorist financing
activities. KYC procedures also enable APs to know/understand their customers and
their financial dealings better which in turn help them manage their risks prudently.

Definition of Customer

For the purpose of KYC policy, a ‘Customer’ is defined as :
•

a person who undertakes occasional/regular transactions;

•

an entity that has a business relationship with the AP;

•

one on whose behalf the transaction is made (i.e. the beneficial owner)

[In view of Government of India Notification dated February 12, 2010 - Rule 9,
sub-rule (1 A) of PML Rules - ' Beneficial Owner' means the natural person who
ultimately owns or controls a client and or the person on whose behalf a
transaction is being conducted, and includes a person who exercise ultimate
effective control over a juridical person].
4.

Guidelines

4.1 General
APs should keep in mind that the information collected from the customer while
undertaking transactions is to be treated as confidential and details thereof are not to
be divulged for cross selling or any other like purposes. APs should, therefore,
ensure that information sought from the customer is relevant to the perceived risk, is

not intrusive, and is in conformity with the guidelines issued in this regard. Any other
information from the customer, wherever necessary, should be sought separately
with his/her consent.
4.2

KYC Policy

APs should frame their KYC policies incorporating the following four key elements:

Customer Acceptance Policy;

Customer Identification Procedures;

Monitoring of Transactions; and

Risk Management.

4.3

Customer Acceptance Policy (CAP)

Every AP should develop a clear Customer Acceptance Policy laying down

explicit criteria for acceptance of customers. The Customer Acceptance Policy must
ensure that explicit guidelines are in place on the following aspects of customer
relationship in the AP:
(i)

No transaction is conducted in anonymous or fictitious/benami
name(s).
[In view of In terms of Government of India Notification dated June 16,
2010 Rule 9, sub-rule (1C) - APs should not allow any transaction in any
anonymous or fictitious name (s) or on behalf of other persons whose
identity has not been disclosed or cannot be verified].

(ii)

Parameters of risk perception are clearly defined in terms of the nature
of business activity, location of customer and his clients, mode of
payments, volume of turnover, social and financial status etc. to enable
categorisation of customers into low, medium and high risk (APs may
choose any suitable nomenclature viz. level I, level II and level III).
Customers requiring very high level of monitoring, e.g. Politically

Exposed

Persons

(PEPs)

may,

considered

necessary,

categorised even higher.
(iii)

Documentation requirements and other information to be collected in
respect of different categories of customers depending on perceived
risk and keeping in mind the requirements of Prevention of Money
Laundering Act, (PMLA), 2002, as amended by Prevention of Money
Laundering (Amendment) Act, 2009, Prevention of Money-Laundering
(Maintenance of Records of the Nature and Value of Transactions, the
Procedure and Manner of Maintaining and Time for Furnishing
Information and Verification and Maintenance of Records of the
Identity of the Clients of the Banking Companies, Financial Institutions
and Intermediaries) Rules, 2005 as well as instructions/guidelines
issued by the Reserve Bank, from time to time.

(iv)

Not to undertake any transaction where the AP is unable to apply
appropriate customer due diligence measures i.e. AP is unable to
verify the identity and /or obtain documents required as per the risk
categorisation due to non cooperation of the customer or non reliability
of the data/information furnished to the AP. It is, however, necessary to
have suitable built in safeguards to avoid harassment of the customer.
In the circumstances when an AP believes that it would no longer be
satisfied that it knows the true identity of the customer (individual/
business entity), the AP should file an STR with FIU-IND.

(v)

Circumstances, in which a customer is permitted to act on behalf of
another person/entity, should be clearly spelt out, the beneficial owner
should be identified and all reasonable steps should be taken to verify
his identity.

APs should prepare a profile for each customer, where a business

relationship is established, based on risk categorisation. The customer profile may

contain information relating to customer’s identity, his sources of funds,
social/financial status, nature of business activity, information about his clients’
business and their location etc. The nature and extent of due diligence will depend
on the risk perceived by the AP. However, while preparing customer profile, APs
should take care to seek only such information from the customer, which is relevant
to the risk category. The customer profile is a confidential document and details
contained therein should not be divulged for cross selling or any other purposes.
c)

For the purpose of risk categorisation, individuals (other than High Net Worth)

and entities whose identities and sources of wealth can be easily identified and
transactions by whom by and large conform to the known profile, may be
categorised as low risk. Customers that are likely to pose a higher than average risk
should be categorised as medium or high risk depending on customer's background,
nature and location of activity, country of origin, sources of funds and his client
profile etc. APs should apply enhanced due diligence measures based on the risk
assessment, thereby requiring intensive ‘due diligence’ for higher risk customers,
especially those for whom the sources of funds are not clear. Examples of
customers requiring enhanced due diligence include (a) nonresident customers;(b)
customers from countries that do not or insufficiently apply the FATF standards (c)
high net worth individuals; (d) trusts, charities, NGOs and organizations receiving
donations; (e) companies having close family shareholding

beneficial

ownership; (f) firms with 'sleeping partners '; (g) politically exposed persons (PEPs);
(h) non-face to face customers ; and (i) those with dubious reputation as per public
information available etc. However, only Non Profit Organisations (NPOs)/ Non
Government Organisations (NGOs) promoted by United Nations or its agencies may
be classified as low risk customer.
d)

It is important to bear in mind that the adoption of customer acceptance policy

and its implementation should not become too restrictive and must not result in
denial of money changing services to general public.

4.4

Customer Identification Procedure (CIP)

The policy approved by the Board of APs should clearly spell out the

Customer Identification Procedure to be carried out at different stages i.e. while
establishing a business relationship; carrying out a financial transaction or when the
AP has a doubt about the authenticity/veracity or the adequacy of the previously
obtained customer identification data. Customer identification means identifying the
customer and verifying his/her identity by using reliable, independent source
documents, data or information. APs need to obtain sufficient information necessary
to establish, to their satisfaction, the identity of each new customer, whether
occasional or business relationship, and the purpose of the intended nature of
relationship. Being satisfied means that the AP must be able to satisfy the
competent authorities that due diligence was observed based on the risk profile of
the customer in compliance with the extant guidelines in place. Such risk based
approach is considered necessary to avoid disproportionate cost to APs and a
burdensome regime for the customers.
Besides risk perception, the nature of information/documents required would
also depend on the type of customer (individual, corporate etc.). For customers that
are natural persons, the APs should obtain sufficient identification document/s to
verify the identity of the customer and his address/location. For customers that are
legal persons or entities, the AP should (i) verify the legal status of the legal
person/entity through proper and relevant documents; (ii) verify that any person
purporting to act on behalf of the legal person/entity is so authorised and identify and
verify the identity of that person; and (iii) understand the ownership and control
structure of the customer and determine who are the natural persons who ultimately
control the legal person. Customer identification requirements in respect of a few
typical cases, especially, legal persons requiring an extra element of caution are
given in paragraph 4.5 below for guidance of APs. APs may, however, frame their
own internal guidelines based on their experience of dealing with such
persons/entities, their normal prudence and the legal requirements as per
established practices. If the AP decides to undertake such transactions in terms of

the Customer Acceptance Policy, the AP should take reasonable measures to
identify the beneficial owner(s) and verify his/ her/t heir identity in a manner so that it
is satisfied that it knows who the beneficial owner(s) is/are [In view of Government
of India Notification dated June 16, 2010 - Rule 9 sub-rule (1A) of PML Rules].
Note : Rule 9(1A) of Prevention of Money Laundering Rules 2005 requires that every
Authorised Person under money changing activity shall identify the beneficial owner and
take all reasonable steps to verify his identity while undertaking money changing
activities. The term "beneficial owner" has been defined as the natural person who
ultimately owns or controls a client and/or the person on whose behalf the transaction is
being conducted, and includes a person who exercises ultimate effective control over a
juridical person. Government of India has since examined the issue and has specified
the procedure for determination of Beneficial Ownership. The procedure as advised by
the Government of India is as under:
A. Where the client is a person other than an individual or trust, the Authorised Person
shall identify the beneficial owners of the client and take reasonable measures to verify
the identity of such persons, through the following information:
(i) The identity of the natural person, who, whether acting alone or together, or
through one or more juridical person, exercises control through ownership or who
ultimately has a controlling ownership interest.
Explanation: Controlling ownership interest means ownership of/entitlement to
more than 25 percent of shares or capital or profits of the juridical person, where
the juridical person is a company; ownership of/entitlement to more than 15% of
the capital or profits of the juridical person where the juridical person is a
partnership; or, ownership of/entitlement to more than 15% of the property or
capital or profits of the juridical person where the juridical person is an
unincorporated association or body of individuals.
(ii) In cases where there exists doubt under (i) as to whether the person with the
controlling ownership interest is the beneficial owner or where no natural person
exerts control through ownership interests, the identity of the natural person
exercising control over the juridical person through other means.
Explanation: Control through other means can be exercised through voting rights,
agreement, arrangements, etc.
(iii) Where no natural person is identified under (i) or (ii) above, the identity of the
relevant natural person who holds the position of senior managing official.
B. Where the client is a trust, the Authorised Person shall identify the beneficial owners
of the client and take reasonable measures to verify the identity of such persons,
through the identity of the settler of the trust, the trustee, the protector, the beneficiaries
with 15% or more interest in the trust and any other natural person exercising ultimate
effective control over the trust through a chain of control or ownership.

C. Where the client or the owner of the controlling interest is a company listed on a stock
exchange, or is a majority-owned subsidiary of such a company, it is not necessary to
identify and verify the identity of any shareholder or beneficial owner of such companies.

Some close relatives, e.g., wife, son, daughter and parents etc. who live with

their husband, father/mother and son/ daughter, as the case may be, may find it
difficult to undertake transactions with APs as the utility bills required for address
verification are not in their name. It is clarified, that in such cases, APs can obtain an
identity document and a utility bill of the relative with whom the prospective customer
is living along with a declaration from the relative that the said person (prospective
customer) wanting to undertake a transaction is a relative and is staying with
him/her. APs can use any supplementary evidence such as a letter received through
post for further verification of the address. While issuing operational instructions to
the branches on the subject, APs should keep in mind the spirit of instructions
issued by the Reserve Bank and avoid undue hardships to individuals who are,
otherwise, classified as low risk customers.
c) APs should introduce a system of periodic updation of customer identification
data (including photograph/s) if there is a continuing business relationship.
d) An indicative list of the nature and type of documents/information that may be
may be relied upon for customer identification is given in PART B of Annex-I of this
circular. It is clarified that correct permanent address, as referred to in PART B of
Annex-I, means the address at which a person usually resides and can be taken as
the address as mentioned in a utility bill or any other document accepted by the AP
for verification of the address of the customer. When there are suspicions of money
laundering or financing of the activities relating to terrorism or where there are
doubts about the adequacy or veracity of previously obtained customer identification
data, APs should review the due diligence measures including verifying again the
identity of the client and obtaining information on the purpose and intended nature of
the business relationship, as the case may be. [In view of Government of India
Notification dated June 16, 2010- Rule 9 sub-rule (1D) of PML Rules].
39

Purchase of foreign exchange from customers

(i) For purchase of foreign currency notes and/ or Travellers’ Cheques from
customers for any amount less than Rs.50,000/- or its equivalent, photocopies of the
identification document need not be obtained. However, full details of the
identification document should be maintained. If the Authorised Person has reason
to believe that a customer is intentionally structuring a transaction into a series of
transactions below the threshold of Rs.50000/-, the A.P. should verify identity and
address of the customer and also consider filing a suspicious transaction report to
FIU-IND.
(ii) For purchase of foreign currency notes and/ or Travellers’ Cheques from
customers for any amount equal to or in excess of Rs.50,000/- or its equivalent, the
identification documents, as mentioned at PART B of Annex-I of this circular,
should be verified and copies retained.
(iii) (a) Requests for payment in cash in Indian Rupees to resident customers
towards purchase of foreign currency notes and/ or Travellers’ Cheques from them
may be acceded to the extent of only US $ 1000 or its equivalent per transaction.
(b) Requests for payment in cash by foreign visitors / Non-Resident Indians
may be acceded to the extent of only US $ 3000 or its equivalent.
(c) All purchases within one month, i.e. within 30 days from the date of last
transaction, may be treated as single transaction for the above purpose and
also for reporting purposes.
(d) In all other cases, APs should make payment by way of 'Account Payee'
cheque / demand draft only.
(iv) Where the amount of forex tendered for encashment by a non-resident or a
person returning from abroad exceeds the limits prescribed for Currency Declaration
Form (CDF), the AP should invariably insist for production of declaration in CDF.

(v) In case of any suspicion of money laundering or terrorist financing, irrespective
of the amount involved, enhanced Customer Due Diligence (CDD) should be
applied. Whenever there is a suspicion of money laundering or terrorist financing or
when other factors give rise to a belief that the customer does not in fact pose a low
risk, APs should carry out a full scale CDD before undertaking any transaction for
the customer.
f)

Sale of foreign exchange to customers
(i)

In all cases of sale of foreign exchange, irrespective of the

amount involved, for identification purpose the passport of the customer
should be insisted upon and sale of foreign exchange should be made only
on personal application and after verification of the identification document. A
copy of the identification document should be retained by the AP.
(ii)

Payment in excess of Rs.50,000/- towards sale of foreign exchange

should be received only by crossed cheque drawn on the bank account of the
applicant’s firm/ company sponsoring the visit of the applicant / Banker’s
cheque / Pay Order / Demand Draft. Such payment can also be received
through debit cards/ credit cards/ prepaid cards provided (a) KYC/ AML / CFT
guidelines are complied with, (b) sale of foreign currency/ issue of Foreign
Currency Travellers’ cheques is within the limits (credit/ prepaid cards)
prescribed by the bank, (c) the purchaser of foreign currency/ Foreign
Currency Travellers’ cheque and the credit/ debit/ prepaid card holder is one
and the same person.
(iii)

All purchases made by a person within one month i.e. within 30 days from the

date of last transaction, may be treated as single transaction for the above purpose
and also for reporting purposes. For sale of foreign exchange to a person within
his/her eligibility through more than one drawal within 30 days or for a single
journey/visit abroad, APs may receive second and subsequent payments only by
crossed cheque drawn on the bank account of the applicant's firm/company

sponsoring the visit of the applicant/Bank's cheque / Pay Order / Demand Draft /
debit cards / credit cards / prepaid cards, if the total rupee payment, including
payments on earlier drawal /s, exceeds Rs. 50,000/- on the second or subsequent
drawals.
(iv)

Encashment Certificate, wherever required, should also be insisted upon.

Establishment of business relationship

Relationship with a business entity like a company / firm/ trusts and foundations
should be established only after conducting due diligence by obtaining and verifying
suitable documents, as mentioned at PART B of Annex-I of this circular. Copies of
all documents called for verification should be kept on record. APs should obtain
information on the purpose and intended nature of the business relationship. APs
should exercise ongoing due diligence with respect to the business relationship with
every client and closely examine the transactions in order to ensure that they are
consistent with their knowledge of the customer, its business and risk profile. APs
should ensure that documents, data or information collected under the Customer
Due Diligence process is kept up-to-date and relevant by undertaking reviews of
existing records, particularly for higher risk categories of customers or business
relationships. When a business relationship is already in existence and it is not
possible to perform customer due diligence on the customer in respect of business
relationship, APs should terminate the business relationship and make a Suspicious
Transaction Report to FIU-IND. In the circumstances when an AP believes that it
would no longer be satisfied that it knows the true identity of the customer
(individual/ business entity), the AP should also file an STR with FIU-IND.
4.5

Customer

Identification

Requirements

–

Indicative

Guidelines

i) Transactions by Trust/Nominee or Fiduciary Customers
There exists the possibility that trust/nominee or fiduciary relationship can be used to
circumvent the customer identification procedures. APs should determine whether
the customer is acting on behalf of another person as trustee/nominee or any other

intermediary. If so, APs should insist on receipt of satisfactory document of identity
of the intermediaries and of the persons on whose behalf they are acting, as also
obtain details of the nature of the trust or other arrangements in place. While
undertaking a transaction for a trust, APs should take reasonable precautions to
verify the identity of the trustees and the settlers of trust (including any person
settling assets into the trust), grantors, protectors, beneficiaries and signatories. In
all cases beneficiaries should be identified with reference to necessary documents.
In the case of a 'foundation', steps should be taken to verify the founder managers/
directors and the beneficiaries.
ii) Transactions by companies and firms
APs need to be vigilant against business entities being used by individuals as a
‘front’ for undertaking transactions with APs. APs should examine the control
structure of the entity, determine the source of funds and identify the natural persons
who have a controlling interest and who comprise the management. These
requirements may be moderated according to the risk perception e.g. in the case of
a company that is listed on a recognized stock exchange, it will not be necessary to
identify all the shareholders.
iii) Transactions by Politically Exposed Persons (PEPs)
Politically exposed persons are individuals who are or have been entrusted with
prominent public functions in a foreign country, e.g., Heads of States or of
Governments, senior politicians, senior government/judicial/military officers, senior
executives of state-owned corporations, important political party officials, etc. APs
should gather sufficient information on any person/customer of this category
intending to undertake a transaction or establish a business relationship and check
all the information available on the person in the public domain. APs should verify
the identity of the person and seek information about the source of wealth and
source of funds before accepting the PEP as a customer. The decision to undertake
a transaction with a PEP should be taken at a senior level which should be clearly
spelt out in the Customer Acceptance Policy. APs should also subject such

transactions to enhanced monitoring on an ongoing basis. The above norms may
also be applied to transactions with the family members or close relatives of PEPs.
The above norms may also be applied to customers who become PEPs subsequent
to establishment of the business relationship.
Where a customer subsequently becomes a PEP after a business relationship has
already been established, enhanced CDD should be performed on such customers
and decision to continue business relationship with the PEP should be taken at a
sufficiently senior level. These instructions are also applicable to individual
transactions/ business relationship where a PEP is the ultimate beneficial owner.
Further, in regard to individual transactions/ business relationship in case of PEPs, it
is reiterated that APs should have appropriate ongoing risk management procedures
for identifying and applying enhanced CDD to PEPs, customers who are family
members or close relatives of PEPs and individual transactions/ business
relationship of which a PEP is the ultimate beneficial owner.
4.6

Monitoring of Transactions

Ongoing monitoring is an essential element of effective KYC procedures. APs can
effectively control and reduce their risk only if they have an understanding of the
normal and reasonable activity of the customer so that they have the means of
identifying transactions that fall outside the regular pattern of activity. However, the
extent of monitoring will depend on the risk sensitivity of the transaction. APs should
pay special attention to all complex, unusually large transactions and all unusual
patterns which have no apparent economic or visible lawful purpose. APs may
prescribe threshold limits for a particular category of transaction and pay particular
attention to the transactions which exceed these limits. High-risk transactions have
to be subjected to intensified monitoring. Every AP should set key indicators for such
transactions, taking note of the background of the customer, such as the country of
origin, sources of funds, the type of transactions involved and other risk factors. APs
should put in place a system of periodical review of risk categorization of customers

and the need for applying enhanced due diligence measures. Such review of risk
categorisation of customers should be carried out periodically.

APs should exercise ongoing due diligence with respect to the business relationship
with every client and closely examine the transactions in order to ensure that they
are consistent with their knowledge of the client, his business and risk profile and
where necessary, the source of funds. [In view of Government of India Notification
dated June 16, 2010 -Rule 9,sub-rule (1B)]
APs should examine the background and purpose of transactions with persons
(including legal persons and other financial institutions) from jurisdictions included in
FATF Statements and countries that do not or insufficiently apply the FATF
Recommendations. Further, if the transactions have no apparent economic or visible
lawful purpose, the background and purpose of such transactions should, as far as
possible, be examined and written findings together with all the documents should
be retained and made available to the Reserve Bank/ other relevant authorities, on
request.
4.7

Attempted transactions

Where the AP is unable to apply appropriate KYC measures due to non-furnishing of
information and /or non-cooperation by the customer, the AP should not undertake
the transaction Under these circumstances, APs should make a suspicious
transactions report to FIU-IND in relation to the customer, even if the transaction is
not put through.
4.8

Risk Management

a) The Board of Directors of the AP should ensure that an effective KYC
programme is put in place by establishing appropriate procedures and ensuring
effective implementation. It should cover proper management oversight, systems
and controls, segregation of duties, training and other related matters. Responsibility
should be explicitly allocated within the AP for ensuring that the APs’ policies and

procedures are implemented effectively. APs should, in consultation with their
boards, devise procedures for creating risk profiles of their existing and new
customers and apply various anti money laundering measures keeping in view the
risks involved in a transaction or business relationship.
b) APs’ internal audit and compliance functions have an important role in evaluating
and ensuring adherence to the KYC policies and procedures. As a general rule, the
compliance function should provide an independent evaluation of the AP’s own
policies and procedures, including legal and regulatory requirements. APs should
ensure that their audit machinery is staffed adequately with individuals who are wellversed in such policies and procedures. The concurrent auditors should check all
transactions to verify that they have been undertaken in compliance with the antimoney laundering guidelines and have been reported whenever required to the
concerned authorities. Compliance on the lapses, if any, recorded by the concurrent
auditors should be put up to the Board. A certificate from the Statutory Auditors on
the compliance with KYC/ AML/ CFT guidelines should be obtained at the time of
preparation of the Annual Report and kept on record.
4.9

Introduction of New Technologies- Pre-paid cards

APs should pay special attention to any money laundering threats that may arise
from new or developing technologies that might favour anonymity and take
measures, to prevent their use in money laundering purposes. Certain AD CategoryI banks are engaged in issuance of Foreign currency denominated pre-paid cards to
travelers going abroad. While issuing these pre-paid cards, it should be ensured by
the AD Category-I banks that all the KYC/ AML/CFT Guidelines are fully complied
with. It is also desirable that, certain APs, who are not eligible to issue such cards
but are involved in marketing these cards on behalf of card issuing banks, as well as
their customers, are also subjected to KYC measures.
4.10

Combating Financing of Terrorism

In terms

of PML Rules, suspicious transaction should include,

inter

alia

transactions which give rise to a reasonable ground of suspicion that it may involve
the proceeds of an offence mentioned in the Schedule to the PMLA, regardless of
the value involved. APs should, therefore, develop suitable mechanism through
appropriate policy framework for enhanced monitoring of transactions suspected of
having terrorist links and swift identification of the transactions and making suitable
reports to the Financial Intelligence Unit – India (FIU-IND) on priority.
b) APs are advised to take into account risks arising from the deficiencies in
AML/CFT

regime

certain

jurisdictions

viz.

Iran,

Uzbekistan,

Pakistan,

Turkmenistan, Sao Tome and Principe, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
(DPRK), Bolivia, Cuba, Ethiopia, Kenya, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Syria and Turkey as
identified in FATF Statement (www.fatf-gafi.org), issued from time to time, while
dealing with individuals or businesses from these jurisdictions. In addition to FATF
Statements circulated by the Reserve Bank of India from time to time (latest as on
June 14, 2013 circulated vide the A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No. 101 dated May 03,
2013 ) APs should also consider using publicly available information for identifying
countries, which do not or insufficiently apply the FATF Recommendations. APs are
accordingly advised to take into account risks arising from the deficiencies in AML/
CFT regime of these countries, while entering into business relationships and
transactions with persons (including legal persons and other financial institutions)
from or in these countries/ jurisdictions and give special attention to these cases.
4.11

Applicability to branches and subsidiaries outside India

The guidelines contained in this circular shall apply to the branches and majority
owned subsidiaries located abroad, especially, in countries which do not or
insufficiently apply the FATF Recommendations, to the extent local laws permit.
When local applicable laws and regulations prohibit implementation of these
guidelines, the same should be brought to the notice of the Reserve Bank. In case
there is a variance in KYC/AML/ CFT standards prescribed by the Reserve Bank

and the host country regulators, branches/overseas subsidiaries of APs are required
to adopt the more stringent regulation of the two.

4.12

Principal Officer

a) APs should appoint a senior management officer to be designated as Principal
Officer. Principal Officer shall be located at the head/corporate office of the AP and
shall be responsible for monitoring and reporting of all transactions and sharing of
information as required under the law. The role and responsibilities of the Principal
Officer should include overseeing and ensuring overall compliance with regulatory
guidelines on KYC/ AML/ CFT issued from time to time and obligations under the
Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002, as amended by Prevention of Money
Laundering (Amendment) Act, 2009, rules and regulations made there under, as
amended from time to time. The Principal Officer should also be responsible for
developing appropriate compliance management arrangements across the full
range of AML/CFT areas (e.g. CDD, record keeping, etc.). He will maintain close
liaison with enforcement agencies, APs and any other institution which are involved
in the fight against money laundering and combating financing of terrorism. With a
view to enable the Principal Officer to discharge his responsibilities, it is advised that
that the Principal Officer and other appropriate staff should have timely access to
customer identification data and other CDD information, transaction records and
other relevant information. Further, APs should ensure that the Principal Officer is
able to act independently and report directly to the senior management or to the
Board of Directors.

b) The Principal Officer will be responsible for timely submission of CTR and STR to
the FIU-IND.

4.13 Maintenance of records of transactions/Information to be
preserved/Maintenance and preservation of records/Cash and Suspicious
transactions reporting to Financial Intelligence Unit- India (FIU-IND)

Section 12 of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002, as amended
by Prevention of Money Laundering (Amendment) Act, 2009, casts certain
obligations on the APs in regard to preservation and reporting of transaction
information. APs are, therefore, advised to go through the provisions of Prevention
of Money Laundering Act, (PMLA), 2002, as amended by Prevention of Money
Laundering (Amendment) Act, 2009 and the Rules notified there under and take all
steps considered necessary to ensure compliance with the requirements of Section
12 of the Act ibid.
(i) Maintenance of records of transactions
APs should introduce a system of maintaining proper record of transactions
prescribed under Rule 3, as mentioned below:
a)

all cash transactions of the value of more than Rupees Ten Lakh or its

equivalent in foreign currency;
b)

all series of cash transactions integrally connected to each other which have

been valued below Rupees Ten Lakh or its equivalent in foreign currency where
such series of transactions have taken place within a month and the aggregate value
of such transactions exceeds Rupees Ten Lakh;
c)

all transactions involving receipts by non-profit organizations of value
more than Rupees ten lakh or its equivalent in foreign currency [ In view of
Government of India Notification dated November 12, 2009- Rule 3, subrule (1) clause (BA) of PML Rules] ;

all cash transactions where forged or counterfeit currency notes or bank
notes have been used as genuine and where any forgery of a valuable
security or a document has taken place facilitating the transaction; and

all suspicious transactions whether or not made in cash and by way of as
mentioned in the Rules.

(ii) Information to be preserved
APs are required to maintain all necessary information in respect of transactions
referred to in Rule 3 to permit reconstruction of individual transactions including the
following information:
a)

the nature of the transactions;

the amount of the transaction and the currency in which it was denominated;

the date on which the transaction was conducted; and

the parties to the transaction

(iii) Maintenance and Preservation of record
a)

APs are required to maintain the records containing information of all

transactions including the records of transactions detailed in Rule 3 above . APs
should take appropriate steps to evolve a system for proper maintenance and
preservation of transaction information in a manner that allows data to be retrieved
easily and quickly whenever required or when requested by the competent
authorities. Further, APs should maintain for at least ten years from the date of
transaction between the AP and the client, all necessary records of transactions,
both with residents and non-residents, which will permit reconstruction of individual
transactions (including the amounts and types of currency involved, if any) so as to
provide, if necessary, evidence for prosecution of persons involved in criminal
activity.
b)

APs should ensure that records pertaining to the identification of the customer

and his address (e.g. copies of documents like passport, driving license, PAN card,
voter identity card issued by the Election Commission, utility bills etc.) obtained while
undertaking the transaction and during the course of business relationship, are
properly preserved for at least ten years from the date of cessation of the
transaction/ business relationship. The identification records and transaction data
should be made available to the competent authorities upon request.

In paragraph 4.6 of this Circular, APs have been advised to pay special

attention to all complex, unusual large transactions and all unusual patterns of
transactions, which have no apparent economic or visible lawful purpose. It is further
clarified that the background including all documents/office records/memoranda
pertaining to such transactions and purpose thereof should, as far as possible, be
examined and the findings at branch as well as Principal Officer’s level should be
properly recorded. Such records and related documents should be made available to
help auditors in their day-to-day work relating to scrutiny of transactions and also to
Reserve Bank/other relevant authorities. These records are required to be preserved
for ten years as is required under Prevention of Money Laundering Act, (PMLA),
2002, as amended by Prevention of Money Laundering (Amendment) Act, 2009 and
Prevention of Money-Laundering (Maintenance of Records of the Nature and Value
of Transactions, the Procedure and Manner of Maintaining and Time for Furnishing
Information and Verification and Maintenance of Records of the Identity of the
Clients of the Banking Companies, Financial Institutions and Intermediaries) Rules,
2005 as amended from time to time.
(iv) Reporting to Financial Intelligence Unit – India
a)

In terms of the PML rules, APs are required to report information relating to

cash and suspicious transactions to the Director, Financial Intelligence Unit-India
(FIU-IND) in respect of transactions referred to in Rule 3 at the following address:
The Director,
Financial Intelligence Unit-India (FIU-IND)
6th Floor, Hotel Samrat,
Chanakyapuri, New Delhi-110021.
Website - http://fiuindia.gov.in/
b)

APs should carefully go through all the reporting formats. There are

altogether four reporting formats, as detailed in PART C of Annex-I, viz. i) Cash
Transactions Report (CTR); ii) Electronic File Structure-CTR; iii) Suspicious
Transactions Report (STR); iv) Electronic File Structure-STR. The reporting formats
contain detailed guidelines on the compilation and manner/procedure of submission

of the reports to FIU-IND. It would be necessary for APs to initiate urgent steps to
ensure electronic filing of all types of reports to FIU-IND. The related hardware and
technical requirement for preparing reports in an electronic format, the related data
files and data structures thereof are furnished in the instructions part of the formats
concerned.
c)

In terms of instructions contained in paragraph 4.3(b) of this Circular, APs are

required to prepare a profile for each customer based on risk categorisation. Further,
vide paragraph 4.6, the need for periodical review of risk categorisation has been
emphasized. It is, therefore, reiterated that APs, as a part of transaction monitoring
mechanism, are required to put in place an appropriate software application to throw
alerts when the transactions are inconsistent with risk categorisation and updated
profile of customers. It is needless to add that a robust software throwing alerts is
essential for effective identification and reporting of suspicious transactions.
4.14 Cash and Suspicious Transaction Reports
A) Cash Transaction Report ( CTR )
While detailed instructions for filing all types of reports are given in the instructions
part of the related formats, APs should scrupulously adhere to the following:

(i)

The Cash Transaction Report (CTR) for each month should be submitted to

the FIU-IND by 15th of the succeeding month. Cash transaction reporting by
branches to their controlling offices should, therefore, invariably be submitted on a
monthly basis and APs should ensure to submit CTR for every month to FIU-IND
within the prescribed time schedule.
(ii)

While filing CTR, details of individual transactions below Rupees 50,000 need

not be furnished.

(iii)

CTR should contain only the transactions carried out by the AP on behalf of

their customers excluding transactions between the internal accounts of the AP.

(iv)

A cash transaction report for the AP as a whole should be compiled by the

Principal Officer of the AP every month in physical form as per the format specified.
The report should be signed by the Principal Officer and submitted to the FIU-India.
(v)

In case of Cash Transaction Reports (CTR) compiled centrally by APs for the

branches at their central data centre level, APs may generate centralised Cash
Transaction Reports (CTR) in respect of branches under central computerized
environment at one point for onward transmission to FIU-IND, provided:
a)

The CTR is generated in the format prescribed by Reserve Bank in
Para 4.13(iv)(b) of this Circular;

A copy of the monthly CTR submitted on its behalf to the FIU-India is
available at the concerned branch for production to auditors/inspectors,
when asked for.

The instruction on ‘Maintenance of records of transactions’;
‘Information to be preserved’ and ‘Maintenance and Preservation of
records’ as contained above in this circular at Para 4.13 (i), (ii) and (iii)
respectively are scrupulously followed by the branch.

However, in respect of branches not under central computerized environment, the
monthly CTR should continue to be compiled and forwarded by the branch to the
Principal Officer for onward transmission to the FIU-IND.

B) Suspicious Transaction Reports (STR)
(i)

While determining suspicious transactions, APs should be guided by

definition of suspicious transaction contained in PML Rules as amended from time to
time.
(ii)

It is likely that in some cases transactions are abandoned/aborted by

customers on being asked to give some details or to provide documents. It is
clarified that APs should report all such attempted transactions in STRs, even if not
completed by customers, irrespective of the amount of the transaction.

(iii)

APs should make STRs if they have reasonable ground to believe that the

transaction, including an attempted transaction, involves proceeds of crime
irrespective of the amount of transaction and/or the threshold limit envisaged for
predicate offences in part B of Schedule of Prevention of Money Laundering Act,
(PMLA), 2002, as amended by Prevention of Money Laundering (Amendment) Act,
2009 .
(iv)

The Suspicious Transaction Report (STR) should be furnished within 7 days

of arriving at a conclusion that any transaction, including an attempted transaction,
whether cash or non-cash, or a series of transactions integrally connected are of
suspicious nature. The Principal Officer should record his reasons for treating any
transaction or a series of transactions as suspicious. It should be ensured that there
is no undue delay in arriving at such a conclusion once a suspicious transaction
report is received from a branch or any other office. Such report should be made
available to the competent authorities on request.
(v)

In the context of creating KYC/ AML awareness among the staff and for

generating alerts for suspicious transactions, APs may consider the following
indicative list of suspicious activities.
Some possible suspicious activity indicators are given below:
•
•
•
•

Customer is reluctant to provide details / documents on frivolous grounds.
The transaction is undertaken by one or more intermediaries to protect the
identity of the beneficiary or hide their involvement.
Size and frequency of transactions is high considering the normal business of
the customer.
Change in the pattern of transactions.

The above list is only indicative and not exhaustive.
(vi)

APs should not put any restrictions on transactions where an STR has been

made. Moreover, it should be ensured that employees of APs shall keep the fact of

furnishing such information as strictly confidential and there is no tipping off to the
customer at any level.
4.15 Customer Education/Employees’ Training/Employees’ Hiring
a) Customer Education
Implementation of KYC procedures requires APs to demand certain information from
customers which may be of personal nature or which has hitherto never been called
for. This can sometimes lead to a lot of questioning by the customer as to the motive
and purpose of collecting such information. There is, therefore, a need for APs to
prepare specific literature/ pamphlets etc. so as to educate the customer of the
objectives of the KYC programme. The front desk staff needs to be specially trained
to handle such situations while dealing with customers.
b) Employees’ Training
APs must have an ongoing employee training programme so that the members of
the staff are adequately trained to be aware of the policies and procedures relating
to prevention of money laundering, provisions of the PMLA and the need to monitor
all transactions to ensure that no suspicious activity is being undertaken under the
guise of money changing. Training requirements should have different focuses for
frontline staff, compliance staff and staff dealing with new customers. It is crucial that
all those concerned fully understand the rationale behind the KYC policies and
implement them consistently. The steps to be taken when the staff come across any
suspicious transactions (such as asking questions about the source of funds,
checking the identification documents carefully, reporting immediately to the
Principal Officer, etc.) should be carefully formulated by the AP and suitable
procedure laid down. The APs should have an ongoing training programme for
consistent implementation of the AML measures.
c) Hiring of Employees
It may be appreciated that KYC norms/AML standards/CFT measures have been
prescribed to ensure that criminals are not allowed to misuse the system of APs. It

would, therefore, be necessary that adequate screening mechanism is put in place
by APs as an integral part of their recruitment/hiring process of personnel to ensure
high standards.

Note:- The Government of India had constituted a National Money Laundering /
Financing of Terror Risk Assessment Committee to assess money laundering and terror
financing risks, a national AML/CFT strategy and institutional framework for
AML/CFT in India. Assessment of risk of Money Laundering /Financing of Terrorism
helps both the competent authorities and the regulated entities in taking necessary steps
for combating ML/FT adopting a risk-based approach. This helps in judicious and
efficient allocation of resources and makes the AML/CFT regime more robust. The
Committee has made recommendations regarding adoption of a risk-based approach,
assessment of risk and putting in place a system which would use that assessment to
take steps to effectively counter ML/FT. The recommendations of the Committee have
since been accepted by the Government of India and need to be implemented.
Accordingly, APs should take steps to identify and assess their ML/FT risk for
customers, countries and geographical areas as also for products/ services/
transactions/delivery channels, in addition to what has been prescribed in the
paragraph 4.3 and 4.8 above. APs should have policies, controls and procedures, duly
approved by their boards, in place to effectively manage and mitigate their risk
adopting a risk-based approach as discussed above. As a corollary, APs would be
required to adopt enhanced measures for products, services and customers with a
medium or high risk rating.

APs may design risk parameters according to their

activities for risk based transaction monitoring, which will help them in their own risk
assessment.

PART B

Customer Identification Procedure
Features to be verified and documents that may be obtained from customers
Features
Documents
Transactions with individuals
- Legal name and any other names
used

(i) Passport (ii) PAN card (iii) Voter’s
Identity Card (iv) Driving licence
(v) Identity card (subject to the AP’s
satisfaction) (vi) Letter from a recognized
public authority or public servant verifying
the identity and residence of the customer
to the satisfaction of the AP

- Correct permanent address

(i) Telephone bill (ii) Bank account
statement (iii) Letter from any recognized
public authority (iv) Electricity bill (v) Ration
card (vi) Letter from employer (subject to
satisfaction of the AP)
(any one of the documents, which provides
customer information to the satisfaction of
the AP will suffice )

Note :- (1) If the address on the document
submitted for identity proof by the
prospective customer is same as that
declared by him/her, the document may be
accepted as a valid proof of both identity
and address. If the address indicated on
the document submitted for identity proof
differs from the current address declared by
the customer, a separate proof of address
should be obtained.
(2) In case of foreign tourists, copies of
passport
containing
identification
particulars and address, may be accepted
as documentary proof for both identification
as well as address. Further, a copy of the
visa of non-residents, duly stamped by

Indian Immigration authorities may also be
obtained and kept on record. However,
where neither passports contain any
address nor foreign tourists are able to
produce any address proof, APs may
obtain and keep on record, a copy of
passport and visa duly stamped by the
Indian Immigration authorities and a
declaration duly signed from foreign tourists
regarding the permanent address.

Establishment
of
business One certified copy each of the following
documents.
relationship- corporates
- Name of the corporate

(i) Certificate of incorporation
(ii) Memorandum & Articles of Association
- Principal place of business
(iii) Resolution of the Board of Directors for
undertaking forex transactions with the AP
- Mailing address of the corporate
(iv) Power of Attorney granted to its
managers, officers or employees to
- Telephone/Fax Number
conduct forex transactions on behalf of the
corporate and their identification.
(v) PAN Card
(vi) Telephone Bill
Establishment
of
business One certified copy each of the following.
relationship- partnership firms
-Legal name
-Address
-Names of all partners and their
addresses
-Telephone/ Fax numbers of the firm
and partners

(i) Registration certificate, if registered
(ii) Partnership deed
(iii) Power of Attorney granted to a partner
or an employee of the firm to transact
business on its behalf

(iv) Any officially valid document identifying
the partners and the persons holding the
Power of Attorney, their addresses and
their signatures.
(v) Telephone bill in the name of firm/
partners.
Establishment

relationship-

trusts

business
and One certified copy of each of the following.

foundations
(i) Registration certificate, if registered
-Names

trustees,

settlers, (ii) Power of Attorney granted to transact

beneficiaries and signatories
-Names

and

addresses

business on its behalf
of

the (iii) Any officially valid document to identify

founder, the managers/ directors the trustees, settlers, beneficiaries and
and the beneficiaries

those holding Power of Attorney, founders/

-Telephone/ Fax numbers

managers/ directors and their addresses
(iv) Resolution of the managing body of the
foundation/ association
(v) Telephone bill

PART C

List of various reports and their formats
1. Cash Transaction Report (CTR)
2. Electronic File Structure- CTR
3. Suspicious Transaction Report (STR)
4. Electronic File Structure-STR

For the formats of the above reports, please refer to the attachments after (FPart-III) [Annex to A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.17 {A.P. (FL/RL Series) Circular
No. 4 } dated November 27, 2009 ]. APs may also visit the website of the FIU-IND,
i.e., http://fiuindia.gov.in
Note: FIU-IND have now advised that the 'go-live' date is October 20, 2012 and that
Authorised Persons, who are Indian agents under MTSS may discontinue
submission of reports in CD format after October 20, 2012, using only FINnet
gateway for uploading of reports in the new XML reporting format. Any report in CD
format received after October 20, 2012 will not be treated as a valid submission by
FIU-IND.

Annex-II
[See SECTION I, Paragraph 2 (ii)]
Application Form for FFMC licence under section 10(1) of FEMA, 1999

1.
2.
3.

7.
8.

Full name of the applicant
Address in full
Name of location/s to where the
applicant proposes to conduct Money
Changing Business (Please enclose
copies of the Licences under Shops and
Establishment Act)
(a)
Date of establishment of the
company
(b) Name/s and address/es of the
Directors of the company
Copy of the Certificate of Registration
(Certificate of Incorporation & Certificate
of Commencement of Business) of the
company
Copy of Memorandum of Association
together with a letter indicating the
clause which provides for taking up
money changer's business.
Confidential report from the applicant's
bank/s in CIR format.
Net Owned Funds
A copy of the latest Audited Balance
Sheet of the applicant company
together with a certificate from their
Statutory Auditors certifying their Net
Owned Funds as on the date of
application and calculation thereof is to
be enclosed.
Declaration to the effect that the
company or any of its directors are not
under investigation/adjudication of any
law enforcing agencies, such as

Rs.

10.
11.
13.
14.

15.

DoE/DRI and also that no criminal
proceedings filed by Crime Investigation
Agencies are pending against the
company or any of its directors.
Undertaking to post competent staff to
handle the money changer's business.
Name,
designation
of
persons
authorised to deal in foreign exchange.
A brief write up of the activities of the
applicant/nature of business.
Whether the applicant had applied
earlier for FFMC / RMC licence. If so,
the particulars thereof.
Any other particulars / special reasons
the applicant may wish to state in
support of the application.

We undertake that in the conduct of money changing business, we shall at all time
abide by the rules/regulations/orders/directions/notifications which Reserve Bank
may from time to time issue in this behalf.
Place:
Date:

Signature of the applicant with seal

Enclosures:
1. Bankers' confidential Report
2. Attested copies of audited accounts for the past 3 years.
Note: Single branch FFMCs shall have Net Owned Funds not less than Rs.25 lakhs
while FFMCs intending to operate through more than one branch will have to
maintain Net Owned Funds not less than `.50 lakhs.

Annex-III
[See SECTION III, Paragraph 4]
Form RMC-F
1.

Name of the AD/ FFMC

Name and address of the franchisee
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Etc.

Existing business activity of the franchisee

Net Owned Funds

Shop & Establishment/ other applicable municipal
certification in favour of the franchisee

Conduct certificate of the franchisee from the local
police authorities. (certified copy of Memorandum and
Articles of Association and Certificate of Incorporation
in respect of incorporated entities)
Declaration regarding past criminal case, if any, cases
initiated/ pending against the franchisee or its
directors/ partners by any law enforcing agency, if any
PAN Numbers of the franchisee and its directors/
partners

8.
9.

Details of locations

Arrangements in place to surrender the foreign
exchange

10. AML, Reporting, Audit and Inspection arrangements

We declare that while selecting the franchisees adequate due diligence has been
carried out and that such entities have undertaken to comply with all the provisions
of the franchising agreement/prevailing RBI regulations regarding money changing.
Place:Date :-

Authorized Signatory

Annex-IV
[See SECTION V , Paragraph 14 (i) (a)]
FLM 1
Daily Summary and Balance Book
(Foreign Currency notes/coins)
Date:_________________
Pound
Sterling
I.

Opening Balance

II.

Add: Purchases

U.S.
Euro
Dollar

Yen

Other
(Pl. specify)

(i) Purchases from the public
(ii) Purchases
from
authorized dealers, moneychangers and franchisees
(iii)Import from abroad for
replenishment of stock
Total purchases
Total (I + II)
III.

Less Sales:
(i) Sales to public
(ii) Sales to authorized dealers/
full-fledged money changers
(iii) Despatched abroad for
realization
Total Sales

IV.

Closing Balance
(I + II - III)
N.B: In cases where forged notes etc. are detected, the closing balance may be
adjusted with remarks indicating the amount and the reasons for writing off.
Date:
Name:__________________________
Designation:_____________________

Annex-V
[See SECTION V , Paragraph 14 (i) (b)]
FLM 2
Daily Summary and Balance Book
(Travellers’ cheques)
Date:_______________
Pound
Sterling
I.

Opening Balance

II.

Add: 1) Purchases from the
public
2) Purchases from
others (including fresh
stock received)

U.S.
Dollar

Euro

Yen

Other
(Pl. specify)

Total (I + II)
III.

IV.

Less :1) Sales to public
2)Surrender to
ADs/FFMCs
3) Exports
Closing Balance
(I + II - III)
Pre-paid cards sold

No.

Amount.

Date:
Name:__________________________

Designation:______________________
_______________________________________________________________
Note:- Stock register of blank travellers’ cheques/ smart cards in various
denominations obtained from authorized dealers/ TC issuers/ other agencies
for sale to travellers under Basic Travel Quota or for business visit should be
maintained and balanced on a daily basis.

Annex-VI
[See SECTION V , Paragraph 14 (i) (c)]
FLM 3
Register of purchases of foreign currencies from the public
Date

Sr.
No.

Japanese Yen

Name of
the
tenderer
3.

Others
(Pl.
specify)
10.

Nationality
&
Full
Address
4.

Rate

11.

Details of
Identification
documents
5.

Rupee
Equivalent
12.

Pound
Sterling

Encashment
certificate
No. and date
13.

U.S.
Dollar

Euro

Remarks

14.

NOTES:(1)

If the money-changer is dealing in a large number of currencies, two or more
registers currency- wise or otherwise may be maintained, as convenient.
(2) If travellers cheques are purchased, the prefix, "TC" may be indicated in the
amount column.
(3) If more than one currency is purchased from the same tenderer, separate
entries may be made.

Date:
Name:__________________________
Designation:____________________

Annex-VII
[See SECTION V , Paragraph 14 (i) (d)]
FLM 4
Register of purchases of foreign currency notes/coins from
Authorised dealers and authorised money-changers

Date

Sr.
No.

Name
and
address of the
authorised
dealer/
authorised
moneychangers from
whom
purchased
3.

Currency

Amount

Rate

Rupee
equivalent

Remarks

Date:
Name:_______________________________

Designation:__________________________

Annex-VIII
[See SECTION V , Paragraph 14 (i) (e)]
FLM 5
Register of sales of foreign currencies to the public
Date

Sr.
No
.

Name of
the
tenderer

Nationa
lity
&
Full
Addres
s

Details
of Name of the
Identification sponsoring
Document
Organisation

Cou
ntry/
ies
of
visit

Purpose
of visit

Duration
of stay
abroad
(No.
of
days)

Particulars of foreign
currency notes/coins/
TCs/pre-paid cards

Rate

Name of
currency

Amount
in
Notes/
coins

Amoun
t
in TCs/
cards

10.

11.

12.

Rup
ee
equi
vale
nt

Commis
sion
charged,
if any

Total
amount
received

By
Cas
h

13.

14.

15.

16.

B
y
C
h
e
q
u
e
1
7.

Cash
Memo
No. &
Date

Remarks

18.

19.

NOTES:(1) If the money-changer is dealing in a large number of currencies, two or more
registers currency-wise or otherwise may be maintained, as convenient.
(2) If more than one currency is sold, separate entries may be made
(3) The columns 6 and 9 to be filled in case of release of exchange for business
purpose
Date:
Name:_________________________
Designation:__________________

Annex-IX
[See SECTION V , Paragraph 14 (i) (f)]
FLM 6
Register of sales of foreign currency notes/coins to authorised dealers / full
fledged money changers/overseas banks
Date

Sr.
No.

Name and
address of
the
authorised
dealer/full
fledged
Money
changer/
overseas
bank
to
whom
sold
3.

Currency

Amount

Rate

Rupee
Equivalent
received

Remarks

Note :- Necessary entries in the register should be made before the funds are
taken out of the premises, not after delivery of funds.
Date:
Name:_______________________________
Designation:______________________

Annex-X
[See SECTION V , Paragraph 14 (i) (g)]
FLM 7

Sr.
No.

Name
and
address of the
Authorised
dealer/authoris
ed
money
changer/TC
issuer/authoris
ed agent to
whom sold
3.

Travelle
rs
cheque
No.(s)

Amount

Rate

Rupee
Equivalent
received

Remarks

Date:
Name:__________________________
Designation:______________________

Annex- XI
[See SECTION V , Paragraph 15 (i)]
FLM 8
(For FFMCs)
Summary statement of purchases and sales of foreign currency notes during
the month of __________20
Name and address
of money changer

RBI Licence No.________
USD

GBP

EURO JPY

Others
(Specify)

A. Opening balance
Purchases
notes from

foreign

currency

(a) Public
(b)
RMCs/FFMCs/ADs including
imports.
(c) Agents/Franchisees
B. Total Purchases (a) + (b) + (c)
Sales of foreign currency notes
under
(a) BTQ
(b) Business Visits
(c)
Sales to other FFMCs/ADs
including exports
C. Total Sales [ (a) + (b) + (c) ]
Closing balance (A+B - C)
We hereby certify that the statement is a true and correct account of all transactions
undertaken during the month in accordance with the Foreign Exchange Regulations.
Place:
Date :

(Signature of Authorized Official)
Stamp
Name:________________________
Designation ____________________

FLM 8
(For ADs Category-II)

Summary statement of purchases and sales of foreign currency notes during
the month of __________20
Name and address
RBI Licence No.________
of the Authorised
Dealer Category-II____________________
USD GBP EURO JPY
Others
(Specify)
A. Opening balance
Purchases of foreign currency
notes from
(a) Public
(b) RMCs/FFMCs/ADs including
imports.
(c) Agents/Franchisees
B. Total Purchases (a) + (b) + (c)
Sales of foreign currency notes
under( with purpose codes)
(a) (i) BTQ /(ii) Private Visits
(S0302)
(b) (i)

Business

Visits/(ii)

Business Travel (S0301)
(c) Remittance by tour operators
/ travel agents to overseas
agents / principals / hotels(
S0306)

(d) Film shooting(S1101)
(e) Medical

Treatment

abroad(S0304)
(f) Disbursement

crew

wages(S1401)
(g) Overseas Education(S0305)
(h) (i) Fee for participation in
global

conferences

specialized

and

training

(ii)

Remittance for participation in
international

events

competitions (towards training,
sponsorship and prize money)/
(iii) Remittance under educational
tie

arrangements

universities
Remittance

with

abroad/(iv)
towards

fees

for

examinations held in India and
abroad

and

additional

score

sheets for GRE, TOEFL etc./ (v)
Employment

and

processing,

assessment fees for overseas job
applications/(vi) Skills / credential
assessment fees for intending
migrants/(vii)

Visa

fees

/(viii)

Processing fees for registration of
documents as required by the
Portuguese / other Governments/

(ix) Registration / Subscription /
Membership fees to International
Organizations (S1102)
(h) Emigration Fees (S1202)
(i) Emigration Consultancy Fees
(S1006)
(k) Sales to other FFMCs/ADs
including exports
C. Total Sales [ (a) + (b) + (c) + (d)
+ (e) + (f) + (g) + (h )+ (i) + (j)+ (k) ]
Closing balance (A+B - C)

We hereby certify that the statement is a true and correct account of all transactions
undertaken during the month in accordance with the Foreign Exchange Regulations.
Place:
(Signature of Authorised Official)
Date :
Stamp
Name: __________________________
Designation : _____________________

Annex- XII
[See SECTION V, Paragraph 15 (ii)]
Statement of Purchase transactions of USD 10,000 and above for the month of
_______
Date of transaction

Name and address of the
person surrendering the
foreign currency

Amount

Currency/ TCs

Signature of Authorized Official
with Seal

Annex- XIII
[See SECTION V , Paragraph 15 (iii)]
Statement showing summation of Foreign Currency Account opened in India out of
export proceeds of Foreign Currency Notes/ encashed Travellers' Cheques for the
quarter ended ___________
(Value in USD)
Opening Value of
Amount
Of
Amount
Maximum
Closing
Remarks
Balance foreign
realized
Column 3 remitted to
balance
balance
in the
currency in foreign amount
TC issuing
maintained in the
Account notes/
currency credited
organization on any day Foreign
encashed
to
from TCs
in the
Currency
TCs
Foreign
sold/
foreign
Account
exported
Currency Debited for
currency
purchase of
Account
account
foreign
during the
currency
quarter
notes from
ADs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Certified that the above particulars are correct as per our records.
Name and address of the AD Category - I

Signature of Authorized Official of
the AD Category - I with Seal

Annex- XIV
[See SECTION V, Paragraph 15 (iv)]

Statement of the amount of foreign currency written off during the financial year
ended ______________
Name of the FFMC/ AD Category-II :

A. Total amount written-off (in equivalent USD) :B. Details of the amount written-off :Sr. No.

Date of writeoff

Amount of
foreign
currency (with
currency-wise
break-up)
3.

On account of
*

Approved by
FFMC/AD
Category-II/
Reserve Bank

Total :
* Please indicate whether on account of being found to be fake or forged/ theft/
lost in transit, etc.

Signature of Authorized Official
with Seal

Appendix
List of A.P.(DIR Series) Circulars which have been consolidated in the Master
Circular on Memorandum of Instructions governing money changing activities
Sl. No.
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular
Date
1.
A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 43 [ A.P.(FL November 12, 2002
Series) Circular No. 1]
2.
A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.57[ A.P.(FL/ March 9, 2009
RL Series) Circular No. 04]
3.
A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.06 [A.P.(FL/ August 3, 2009
RL Series) Circular No. 01]
4.
A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 17 [ A.P.(FL November 27, 2009
Series) Circular No. 04]
5
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.18 [ A.P.(FL November 25, 2010
Series ) Circular No. 01]
A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.20 [A.P. (FL/RL November 30, 2010
6
Series) Circular No.03]
A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.24
7
December 13, 2010
[A.P. (FL/RL Series) Circular No.05]
A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.25
8
December 22, 2010
[A.P. (FL/RL Series) Circular No.06]
A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.27
9
December 22, 2010
[A.P. (FL/RL Series) Circular No.08]
A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.40
10
January 25, 2011
[A.P. (FL/RL Series) Circular No.10]
A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.49
11
April 06, 2011
[A.P. (FL/RL Series) Circular No.11]
A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.51
12
April 06, 2011
[A.P. (FL/RL Series) Circular No.13]
A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.61
13
May 16, 2011
A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.63
14
May 20, 2011
A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.65
15
May 20, 2011
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.21
16
September 19, 2011
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.23
17
September 19, 2011
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.31
18
October 03, 2011
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.33
19
October 12, 2011
A.P.(DIR
Series)
Circular
No.38
20
October 25, 2011
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.41
21
November 01, 2011
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.60
22
December 22, 2011
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.71
23
January 30, 2012
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.77
24
February 15, 2012
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.86
25
February 29, 2012
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.104
26
April 04, 2012
A.P.(DIR
Series)
Circular
No.107
27
April 17, 2012
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.109
28
April 18, 2012

29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39

A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.17
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.33
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.42
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.50
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.51
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.68
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.70
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.72
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.84
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.96
A.P.(DIR Series) Circular No.101

August 23, 2012
September 24, 2012
October 12, 2012
November 07, 2012
November 15, 2012
January 02, 2013
January 10, 2013
January 10, 2013
February 22, 2013
April 5, 2013
May 3, 2013

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FOREIGN EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT Master Circular On Memorandum Of Instructions Governing Money Changing Activities

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