NCR_SCSI_Engineering_Notebook_Rev2_Oct85 NCR SCSI Engineering Notebook Rev2 Oct85
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MICROELECTRONICS
DIVISION
SCSI
ENGINEERING
NOTEBOOK
10/85 Rev. 2
Cooyrignt 1984, by NCR Corporation
Coloraoo Spr1ngs, Coloraco
All Rignts Reserveo
Printed 1n U.S.A.
Wnile the information nerein presentee ~aS been cnec~ec for ~o~,
accut"'acy aY',d t"'sliaoility.,· NCR assumES t'",c. t"'esp.:.t"',sloillty f.:!}·" 2:!."t.""'e)·" 1':5 u.se r:':'r'
for tne infringement of any patents or otner rlgnts of t~iro partles, w~ic~
coule resu~t from its use. The puolicatlon ana alssemina~ion of tne enciosec
i1'"lfot"f,1a't 1':'1'", cc,nfet"'s 1'",':' 1 iceY",se., by imol icat iO"(1 ':11'''' '::.t:1et"'wlse~ tt1'"ldet'" o·:",:,! j:}a~;e
or oatent rlgnts owned by NCR.
Mlcroelectronics Division
Aeroplaza Drlve
Colorado Sorlngs, Coloraco 80916
~none: 800/525-2252
Telex: 45 2457 NCR MICRO CSP
~CR
~635
m[3~
Microelectronics
AWAMA
Hughes Associates. Int.
2913 Governors Dnve
H~.AllS805
(205) s:n.91~
AAIlOHA
8H &BSales, Inc.
7353E.6IllAY'I!.
SaltIsdale. ~ 852S1
(602)~
8H &BSales. Inc.
1()41 W. ComobabI
TIQOfl. ~ 85704
(602) 299- 1~
CA1..EORNIA
Custorn~ Rd.
992S.
San Jose. CA 95129
(~)2S2·~1
Ell1e AssocIates. Inc
SIite 200
7SB5 Ronson Rd.
San~.CA92111
(619) 27S-5441
Orion SIies. Inc.
SuitllF
82S E. Colorado Blvd.
Giendale. CA 91205
(818) 240-3151
Orion Sales, Inc
2!5UAamSt
Tustm. CA 92S8O
(714) 832-9667
COlORADO
Bearoayne, Inc.
Sua 110
2620~erRd.
Aurora. CO kX)14
r.ml~
NCR Microelectronics
Sales Representatives
4'3t.1attinRd.
KANSAS
Kebc:o. Inc.
16047E Kellogg
Wdlita.KS6m:l
(316) 733-1~1
Kebco, Inc.
10111 Santa F, 0riYe
~ Park. K5 66212
(913) 541-&431
Nom Palm Beach,
KENT\JCICY
CONNECTICUT
Data Mart., Inc.
47 CIapboartI HI Rd.
Guilford. CT 06437
(20314S3-{)575
flORIDA
\JMoeI'SaI Mmting &
Sales. Inc
Fl33406
~}&42"440
UnNersaI Marketing &
Sales, Inc
355 GrIn! Ave.
PO. Box 2582
Salelllle Beach, Fl32937
(n)m-2S8 1
GEOfIGA
Hughes Associates, Inc.
1)45 AIIa~ Blvd.
&;ts 122
NoIttos$. GA 30071
Technology Martteting
Corporation
1819 Roma.'1 Ct.
PO. Box 91 147
Louisville. KY 40291
(502) 499-7808
IlARYlAHO
Mmtmn.lnc.
1688 Easl Guide Dr.
RociMIIe. MD 20850
(:1)1)251-8890
IIICHIGAN
(404)662"587
Westbay &Associa1es
I.1.IfOCS
lMlnia. MI48154
ElgIe Technical Sales, Inc.
1~ Hicics Road
Roling Meadows, IL SXXl8
(312) 991-0700
IfOIAH.A
Tec:hnoIogy MarkatJng
Co!por1tion
S99lnc1ustrial Dr
CIrmei. IN 46032
(311) 844-8462
~~ting
3428 W. Taylor St
Fort Wayrte. IN 468Q.(
(219) 432·5553
27476~ileRd.
(313) 421·7460
NEWIIEXICO
NeIco Electronix
4801 General Bradley. N.E.
Albuquerque. NM87111
(505) 293-1399
NEW YORK
Ontec Elec. Mk!.
167 Aande~ 51.
Rochester. NY 14619
(716) 464-8636
0nIec Eltc. Mk!.
16 Gabriela Road
P.O. BoxS25
Wappinger Falls, NY 12590
(914; 462·7188
Ontec EItt. Mk!.
161 FotTest Way
P.O. Box 24
Camilus, NY 13131
(315) 672-&409
OC Associa1es
209 RoIie 9 W.
Congers. NY 10920
(914)268-4435
NORTH CAAOUNA
HIq'Ies Associates, Inc.
975 Walnll. St.
_MESOTA
~.Inc.
7138
Rd
Eden Prairie. MN 55344
Cary. He 27S 11
(919)467·7029
(EI2)~
()HK)
MISSISSIPPI
Hughes Associates, Inc.
1204 Garden Lane
P.O. Box 1541
Corinth. Miss. 38834
(601)287·2915
IIISSOURi
Kebco,Inc.
75 WlrthIngIon Dr.
Suile:m.e
Beat Marketing, Inc.
3623 BrectsviIIe Rd.
P.O. Box 177
Rd1IieId. OH 44286
(216) 659-3131
Bear Marketing Inc.
1563 E. Dorothy Lane
Deyton. OH 45429
(513)52059
UTAH
OI(UHQMA
ION Associates. Inc
=.
Electrodyne. Inc.
Suite 109
2480 South Main 51
SaIl
UT &4115
(B01)
1
9726 E. 42nd Street
Suite 122
Tulsa. OK 74145
(918)664-0186
WASHINGTON
OREGON
Electronic Component
Electronic Component Sales
9311 5.E. 36th 51.
Mercer Island. WA ~
(206) 232.g~1
Sales
15255 S.W. 72nd AYe
=.OR97223
)2~2342
PENNSYlVANIA
TCA Associates
B01 Media Line Rd.
Broomall. PA 19008
(215) ~2022 .
TENNESSEE
Hughes Associates, Inc.
732 White Oak Circle
Morristown. TN 37814
(615) 581-5971 .
TEXAS
ION AssociaIes, Inc.
1504 109th Street
Grand Prairie, TX 7S05O
(214) 647-m5
ION Associates, Inc.
12731 Research B/Yd.
&iteA100
Austin. TX 78759
(512) 331-7251
ION Associates, Inc.
6.»J Westpark Dr.
Suite 310
Houston, TX T7'JS7
(713)9n~
CANADA
Camec Representatives. Inc.
8 Stratheam AY'I!.-Unit "8
8ramp(on, Ontario,
Canada L6T 4LB
(4161791·5922
Camec RepresentatiYes, Inc.
1573 L.aperriere Ave.
Ottawa Ontario,
Canada 1<12 7T3
(613)725-3704
Carnec Representatives, Inc.
Suite 116
3639 Sources Rd.
00Iard des Onneaux,
Quebec, Canada H98 21<4
(514)583-6131
FARUST
PCI, Hong Kong, LTD.
1145 Sonora Ct.
Sunnyvale. CA 94068
(~) 7J3.4&13
UNITED KJNGOOM
Manhattan Skyline Ud.
Manhattan House
8ridgeRoad
Madenhead
Berkshire SL680B
England
Maindenhead (0628) 75851
Mar)1a'ld Heights. Me 63043
(314) 576-411 1
NCR Microelectronics
Distributors
1lANHAT11N KYUNE, LTD.
WYU LAIORATORIES
AU8.UlA
4825 Ul'MI'SIIy SQ
H\Il!Me. A.l. 3S&)S
(205', 837.9l).J
IlA.QYl.AND
9100 Gaithef Road
~."D2Oen
NORTH CAROlINA
9801 ASoutham Pine B/Yd.
Chatio!te, NC 28210
(3)1;921~
(704) 527~1B8
COHHECnClrT
112 Maln Strge:
Illa!IGAH
OHIO
4800 East 131st Stree1
~CT0685'
Livonia. l.Ii4E150
(313) 52> 1800
FlORlOA
IIINHESOTA
10203 b Road EISI
Minnetonka. loiN 55343
(612) 935-5444
f'203)~'515
221 N. Lake BIYd.
AItamonIe ~ Ft:!VOl
(3)5)~
674 S. Miitary TIU
0wfIaId Beact~ F'1. ~
(XI5) 42&-68n
GEOfQA
5853 ePeIchtrM Comers East
Norcross, GA Dl92
(404) 448-1711
IJ.IfOIS
15&1 CInnen f)rio,te
9: Grow VIIage.1L m7
(312) 437.-0
INDIANA
&4OB CatIe!Uce Drive
~,IN48250
(317) &4&-7300
IlASSACHUSETTS
44 HII1WII MnUl
UxingIon, MA 02173
(617) 161-t200
13485~-nre
NEW.&SEY
45Rl4S
Pile Brook. ~ 07058
(201)m.3S10
1.
NEW'tDRK
\I8stII PalMy East
\tIstaI,NYl3850
~7) 748211
a.o FUpott Pm
FIirport, NY 14450
(71&) 381·7070
eo Crossways Perk West
~,NYl17i7
151&) 921~700
0eYeIand. OH 44105
(216) 587-36OC\
4433lnterpoint BIvC.
Deyton, OH 45424
(513)23&9900
PENHSYlYAHtA
261 Gibraltar Road
Horsham, PA 19044
(215) 67....aoo
2S9 Kappa OrNe
=PAl5238
(412)
.zm
TEXAS
9!Kl1 &met Road
Austin. TX 78758
(512) B3>4OOO
13710 Omega Road
OllIs. TX 75244
(214)_7300
5853 Point West Drive
HousIon, TX 77036
(71~_55SS
ARIZONA
8155 North 24th Street
Pt1oenix. ~ 85021
(602) 2G2232
1010 E. Ptnnsytvania
$ljte203
T\t:SOr.. AZ 85714
(6)2) 884-7082
CALFOAHIA
124 Maryland 51.
El Seg;m:l, CA 90245
(213) 322~100
17872 Cowan M.
Nne, CA 92714
(714)~
SarI=,
9S25=:;Or.
92123
9171
3000 Bowers Ave.
Santa am. CA 95051
(G)n7-2500
11151 SIJ\ Center Or.
AMdIo Ccn:lova. CA 95670
~16) 6J8.S282
(619)
OREGON
5289 N.E. Elam "IbIlg Pkwy.
8Idgl00
HiIlsIJoro, OR 97124
(503)~
TEXAS
1810 Glt8llvile Or
RdIirdson, TX 1~1
(214) 235-9953
2120 Breaker Lane S\ite F
AISin, TX 78758
(512) 834-9957
11001 SouthWIicrest
&;te100
Houston, TX 77099
UNITED KIHGOOM
Manlla!tan House
8ridgeRoad
Maidenhead
Beruhire Sl6 80B
E~and
Matr\denhead (0628j 75a51
(713)8~
UTAH
1959 5. 41~ West
Sar. t.ke City, UT 841 ()4
~1) 974-9953
WASHINGTON
1750 132ndA'I8. H.E.
Bellevue. WA BX6
(206) 453-8300
COlORADO
451 Easl.1241h M.
'TIIomton, CO 80241
(:m) 457-9953
MD-60S
0485
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.
II.
III.
IV.
v.
NCR SCSI Product Families
A.
NCR 5385/86 Product Family
B.
NCR 5380 Product Family
C.
Choosing the Right Product Family for Your Design
D.
Differences Between the NCR 5385E and the NCR 5386
NCR 5385/86 state
~~chine
Operation
NCR 5385S Synchronous Operation
SCSI Accommodates Flexible System Arch1tectures (Article)
SCSI Packaging Options
I.
NCR SCSI PRODUCT FAMILIES
NCR 5385/86 PRODUCT FAMILY
fhe NCR 5385, which was the first general purpose SCSI protocol
controller available in the market, has been replaced by
the upgraded NCR 5385E (lienhay,ced ll ) .
The NCR 5386 is primat"i ly a cClst
reduced version of the 5385E, with a few additional features such as
pass parity and the ability to suppress spurious phase changes. Shortly
following the introduction of the 5386, a synchronous version
(the NCR 5386S) will be available.
This device is capable of
supporting 3.3 Mbyte operation using a synchronous (offset of one)
handshake.
In spite of continuing enhancements, these devices have Maintained pin
and software compatibility.
Future upgrades such as higher offsets,
faster transfer rates, lower power CMOS, and on-chip bus transceivers
are being plaY"IY"led.
IY"I add it iCIY", to the staY"ldat"'d 48-piYI DIP, these
devices are available in 52 or 68-pin J-Ieaded PLCC (surface Mounted)
packages.
To provide a Single-chip open-collector interface to the SCSI bus,
NCR 8310 General Purpose 48 mA Bus Transceiver may be used as a
companion chip with any members of the NCR 5385/86 family.
A summary of the product family is listed below.
NCR 5385
First family Member
- Replaced by the NCR 5385E
NCR S385E
Currently in production
Supports latest ANSC timings (Post Revision 10)
Manufactured until the NCR 5386 is in production
NCR 5386
- Samples currently available
Superset of the NCR 5385/85E
- Production availability 2/85
NCR 5386S
Samples available 1/86
Identical to NCR 5386 with synchronous operation to
3.3 Mbytes/sec
NCR 8310
Samples available
Production 12/85
Single-chip open-collector bus interface
-1-
the
NCR 5380 PRODUCT FAMILY
The NCR 5380 was the first SCSI interface device to provide on-chip
open-collector 48 mA bus transceivers.
This provides for low parts
count and direct SCSI bus interfacing.
Since the 5380 is an NMOS
device, and not susceptible to latch-up like CMOS, the single ground
pin is adequate to handle 14 signals sinking 48 rnA simultaneously.
(When operating as a Target device, a maximum of 14 signals May be
siMultaneously active.) Inductance problems are avoided by purposely
slowing each signals turn-on time.
This provides the added benefit of
reducing the RF generated due to switching signals.
However, to
maintain ground integrity, it is recommended that inexpensive sockets
not be used.
To accommodate differential-pair operation, the 4B-pin NCR 5381 can
be used.
This device allows use of the internal open-collector bus
transceivers and provides the additional signals necessary to control
external differential-pair bus transceivers.
SCSI is finding its way into lap-top computing.
To provide t~e lowest
power possible, the 53C80/81 will be introduced in the 4th quarter of
1985.
Since CMOS is susceptible to latch-up, four additional ground
lines have been provided.
Due to this consideration, the part has
maintained functional compatibility but not pin compatibility.
Additionally, the REQ/ACK response time has been considerably improved
over its NMOS counterpart.
~ll
of these devices are available in standard DIP or surface mountable
PLCC packaging.
A summary of the devices is listed below.
NCR 5380
On-chip open-collector bus transceivers
- Currently in production
NCR 5381
Supports external differential-pair bus transceivers
Samples available
Production 12/85
NCR 53C80
Functionally equivalent to the NCR 5380
- Samples available 11/85
NCR 53C81
Functionally equivalent to the NCR 5381
- Samples available 12/85
-2-
CHOOSING THE RIGHT PRODUCT FAMILY FOR YOUR DESIGN
The NCR 5385/86 family and the NCR 5380 family are all fully featured
SCSI protocol controller devices.
Both product lines support nearly
every option available in the proposed SCSI standard and can be used in
a variety of configurations.
However, differences between the faMilies
will make one device more appropriate than another for your
application.
REASONS TO CHOOSE THE NCR 5385/86 PRODUCT FAMILY
You probably would need an NCR 5385E or NCR 5386 if the most important
factors influencing your choice are:
*
*
*
Performance
System Integrity
Guaranteed Compatibility
PERFORMANCE
All members of the NCR 5385/86 product family are capable of
2.0 Mbyte/sec operation using the asynchronous SCSI handshake.
The NCR
5386 provides 3.3 Mbyte/sec operation using the synchronous (offset of
one) handshake.
Future products in this family will support faster
transfer rates and greater offsets.
The NCR 5380 product family is
rated at 1.5 Mbyte/sec operation and is currently not planned to
~upport synchronous operation.
Even if your transfer requirements are less than 1.5 Mbyte/sec
operation,
the NCR 5380 has longer REQ/ACK response times than the
combination of the NCR 5385/86 and the associated bus transceiver
delay.
Because of this delay, your overall transfer rate could be
reduced depending on the cable length being used and the response of
the other SCSI bus devices.
Additionally, the NCR 5385/86 family supports a slightly faster MPU
interface.
This could prevent the insertion of wait states if the
device is being addressed by high-end processors.
SYSTEM INTEGRITY
Many designs have the requirement to maintain parity throughout
the system.
The NCR 5386 and 5386S will optionally pass, or check and
pass, parity through the chip.
The NCR 5380 family does not SUppOt~t
this feature.
GUARANTEED COMPATIBILITY
The NCR 5380 product is firmware oriented thus adherance to the SCSI
protocol is the responsibility of the programmer. It is imposible to
violate any of the SCSI speCifications using the NCR 5385/86 device.
(3)
~EASONS
TO CHOOSE THE NCR 5380 PRODUCT FAMILY
You probably would need an NCR 5380 or NCR 5381 if the most important
factors influencing your choice are:
*
*
*
*
Board Space
Cost
Flexibility
Low-power
BOARD SPACE
The NCR 5380 family was the first SCSI interface device to include
on-chip open-collector bus transceivers.
By providing the high-current
transceivers on-chip, fewer parts are required to implement the
interface and the device pin-out requirements are reduced. Even though
the 5385/86 family does not have on-chip bus transceivers, the NCR 8310
provides a convenient single-chip bus interface.
Future members of the
5385/86 product line will include the bus transceivers on chip.
Another board savings feature is the absence of a clock pin.
No clock
circuitry, resistors, or capacitors are required to make the device
operate.
The exclusive process-independant, free-running internal
oscillator is unique to the NCR 5380 (patent pending).
COST
NCR 5380 and the NCR 5386 products are comparably priced, however
the NCR 5386 requires an external bus transceiver.
Since the NCR 5380
requires fewer parts and uses less board space, it is a less expensive
solution.
~he
FLEXIBILITY
Since the NCR 5380 is a register-oriented device and most bus signals
may be freely asserted or sampled, it is capable of supporting
variations of the SCSI interface such as XSASI and SCSI/PLUS.
XSRSI is
the interface used by XEBEC on many of its products and varies slightly
from the proposed SCSI standard.
SCSI/Plus is a proposed superset for
the SCSI interface that allows up to 64 bus devices compared to the 8
devices specified by the X3T9.2 subcommittee.
This flexibility a1s0
makes it a perfect tool for use in SCSI testing, analyzing, and bus
emulating equipment.
Additionally, the versatility of the NCR 5380 allows it to be used
non-SCSI applications such as industrial control busses, local lID
communication links, and other interfaces requiring 48 ma sink
capability_
LOW POWER CONSUMPTION
Jhe NCR 5380 typically draws 110 rna of current, while the NCR 53C80
raws only a few microamps.
This makes the them ideal products for
"low-power applications.
(4)
In
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE NCR 5385E AND THE NCR 5386
The NCR 5386 is primarily a cost reduced version of the NCR 5385E.
Eventually, the NCR 5386 will replace the NCR 5385E since it's intended
to be superset of this device.
The NCR 5386, however, does have a few
improvements that are significant in some implementations.
The
following list will help you decide if you can design with the NCR
5385E or if you need an NCR 5386 for your development.
Detailed
information concerning these changes may be found in the NCR 5386 SCSI
Protocol Controller Data Sheet.
ITEM #1 - PASS PARITY
The NCR 5386 provides an option so that the integrity of the parity bit
is maintained through the chip.
In this mode, parity may be passed or
checked and passed between the SCSI bus and the DMA data path.
Using this mode sacrifices pin compatibility with the NCR 5385E device.
To support this operation, the ID register must be written with the
appropriate device 10.
Pin 14, previously 100, may now be used
for data bus parity (DP).
Pins 12 and 13 in this mode are not used.
ITEM *2 - SUPPRESS SPURIOUS PHASE CHANGE INTERRUPTS
~--------------------------------------------------
When operating as an initiator, interrupts are generated by the NCR _
5385E when phase changes occur on the SCSI bus.
This chip determines a
phase change by sampling the phase signals (C/D, MSG, I/O) for a period
of twelve clock cycles.
If the phase lines have indeed changed, BSYI
is sampled for an additional twelve clocks to insure that the target is
still connected.
Since the phase change interrupt can be generated before a bus
request (REQ) occurs,
a system could realize performance advantages if
the target changed the phase lines before the actual transfer were to
take place.
If a disk controller received a command to read a secto~
of information,
it may change the phase lines to a Data In phase
before the data was ready to be transferred.
By doing this, the host
can be serVicing the phase change interrupt while the disk is seeking
to read the proper sector.
However, most controllers do not operate in this fashion and the
scheme used by the NCR 5385E could create multiple phase change
interrupts with certain products.
To reduce the number of interrupts
generated,
the NCR 5386 provides a Valid Phase Enable bit (bit 3) in
the Control Register.
This bit, when set (1), causes the NCR 5386
to generate a phase change interrupt only when REQ becomes active.
When this bit is reset, operation will be identical to the NCR 5385E.
(5)
rEM *3 - EXTRA DREQ SUPPRESSED
When the NCR S385E is transferring data in the DMA mode, DREQ will go
active one additional time after the Transfer Counter reaches zero.
No
data is transferred for this additional DREQ and no DMA response is
expected.
The NCR 53S6 has been modified to suppress this additional DREQ.
For
most this change will be transparent in your system.
However, some
designs have hardware and/or software that expect this additional
DREQ.
Please be aware of this change when upgrading to the NCR 5386.
ITEM *4 - TRANSFER COUNTER IN TARGET RECEIVE MODE
When operating the NCR 538SE in a Target receive mode and an exit
condition occurs (Pause command issued or parity error occurred), the
Transfer Counter is decremented one additional time before exiting the
state machine.
The NCR 53S6 has been modified so that the Transfer Counter accurately
[eflects the number of bytes that have been transferred.
Systems that
Jake use of this value need to be aware of this change.
For most users
this change is transparent.
ITEM #5 - ACCESS TO DATA REGISTER II
The NCR S38SE has a doubly-buffered data register but provides only
status of and access to only one of these registers.
In some
applications it is important to know whether one or two bytes of data
remain in the chip.
The NCR S3S6 will use bit 0 of the Auxiliary Status Register as a flag
for indicating that Data Register II is full.
Data Register II may now
be accessed by performing a CPU read to device register eight
(A3-A0=1000).
ITEM *6 - PAUSE COMMAND MODIFICATION
If a Target designed with the NCR S3SSE wishes to halt a Target send
operation in order to change to a new bus phase, he must issue the
Pause command.
With the NCR S3SSE, the Pause command requires that one
or two bytes of data be sent to the chip before a new command can be
'ssued.
The Target send state machine has been modified in the NCR 5386 so that
a new command may be issued immediately after the Pause command.
(6)
~TEM
#7 - CHANGES MADE TO ACCOMMODATE SASI AND XSASI CONTROLLERS
~----------------------------------------------------- ----------
Several low-end controllers do not monitor BSY during the selection
process.
Additionally, they do not check to see if more than two ID's
are active on the bus during this phase.
Both conditions are
requirements of the proposed ANSI specification.
The NCR 53B5E while
Moving from Arbitration into Selection, asserts SBEN/ while the data
bus is tri-stated.
This causes all the data signals on the SCSI bus to
go active for approximately three clock cycles.
During this time both
BSYOUT and SELOUT are active.
Since low-end controllers, such as the
Xebec 81410 do not monitor BSY, but detect SEL and their ID active,
they become falsely selected.
The NCR 5386 has been modified so that Xebec S1410 type controllers may
be properly selected without using additional control circuitry.
Some controllers in this class also allow the phase lines to change
while ACK is still active on the SCSI bus.
If this phase change occurs
while the Target is changing from the Status to the Message In phase,
the NCR 53S5E will leave ACK asserted on the SCSI bus.
The chip
is tricked into thinking that the Status byte Just transferred was a
Message In byte and leaves ACK active so that the message may be
reJected.
At this point an out-of-sequence Message Accepted command
may be issued to de-assert ACK.
The Message In byte may now be
transferred.
1he NCR 5386 will not require this out-of-sequence Message Accepted
command and ACK signal will return to its inactive state.
(7)
II.
NCR 5385/86 STATE MACHINE OPERATION
A.
Initiator Output state
B.
Target Receive State Machine
c.
Initiator Input state Mach1ne
D.
Target Send State Machine
Mach~ne
NCR 5385 STATE MACHINE OPERATION
~
TAT
~---
..
M A
~
~
H I N
~
--~--_.&
·TARGET REQUEST A TRANSFER
REQ (SCSI) GOES ACTIVE
DREQ GOES ACTIVE TO REQUEST
FIRST BYTE
S6- ENABLE ACK TO GO OFF
WHEN REO GOES INAC7!V~
DATA REGISTER
GOES FULL
THEN:
ss-~c~
(SCSI) GOES
(SCSI
- DRE8
OUTPU~ ~EG!ST~R)
GO~S ACTlV~
- DATA REGISTER 1
FUL~
I~ RES~~
- DISABLE ACK FROM GOiNG OFF
/
S2.
(SCSI) IS ~NA8~ED 70
GO ACTIVE w~EN RE~ :S
ACK
~ECEIVEJ
S.l -
,r:
~~ANSFER
CDUN7ER
_
~NA8LE
ACK
WHEN REO
70 ZE~O. S~T r~AG
TO EXIT INlTIA70R
OU7PUT STATE.
TO GO
GJ~S
:NAC7iV~
!~AC~IVE
- DISABLE ACK FROM GOING ON
- DECREMENT TRANSFER COUNTER
rep = CLOCK PERIOD
-
100 NS < rep < 200 NS
-
-1-
~p
51 - DECREMENT TRANSFER COUNTER
- ENABLE REO (SCSI) TO GO ACTIVE
WHEN ACK GOES INACTIVE
S2 - DELAY ONE CLOCK PERIOD (rCP)
53 - WAIT FOR DAiA REGISTER 3 TO GO
FULL & FOR DATA REGISTER- 1 TO
GO EMPTY*
THEN:
-
ENABLE REQ TO GO ACT!VE WHEN ACK
GOES INACTIVE
LOAD DATA REGISTER 3 !NTQ SAT A
REGISTER
-
DREO
SET DATA REGISTER
-
S4 -
SET
1
FULL FLAG
DECREMENT TRANSFER COUNT~R (NOTE:
THE TRANSF£R IS OECREMENTEC BEFOR THE BYTE IS TRANSFE~RED TO
KEEP THE THROUGHPUT UP.)
IF TRANSFER COUNTER GOES TO ZERO.
SET FLAG TO EXIT TARGET RECEIVE.
rCP = CLOCK PERIOD
100 ~S ~ rCP ~ 200 NS
* DATA REGISTER 3 IS LOADED WHEN ACK GOES ACTIVE.
-2-
TARGET REQUESTS A TRAN5FER
(SCSI) GOES ACTIVE)
(R~Q
ACK GOES ACTIVE AND SCSI INPUT DATA
REGISTER IS LOADED, (DATA REGISTER
3)*
S1-
THEN:
-
WAIT FOR REO TO GO ACTIVE
STATE S4)
(F~OM
TRANSFER COUNTER IS DECREMENTED
ACK IS DISABLED FROM GOING ACT!VE
S2 - ENABLE ACK TO GO. INACT I VE WHEN REQ
GOES INACTIVE
S3 - WAIT FOR DATA REGISTER
EMPTY
TO GO
THEN:
- LOAD DATA REGIS~ER
FROM DA7A
REGISTER 3
- SET DREQ
- SET DATA REGISTER 1 FULL FL~G
S4 - WAIT FOR ACK TO GO INACTIVE
THEN:
- ENABLE ACK TO GO ACTIVE WHEN REO
GOES ACTIVE
- DISABLE ACK FROM GOING OFF
IF TRANSFER COUNTER GOES TO Z~~O,
SET FLAG TO EXIT INITIATOR INPuT
STATE
Tep
= CLOCK PERIOD
100 NS ~ rCP ~ 200 NS
* DATA REGISTER 3 IS LOADED WHEN ACK GOES ACTIVE
-3-
51
-
WAIT FOR DATA REGISTER 1 TO GO
FULL AND FOR THE PREVIOUS BY7E OF
DATA TO BE TRANSFERRED (REQ GOES'
INACTIVE)
-
DATA REGISTER 2 IS LOADED
DREQ GOES ACTIVE
DATA REGISTER 1 FULL :S RESET
THEN:
S2 -
ENABLE REQ TO GO ACTIVE WHEN
ACK GOES INACTIVE
S3 -
DECREMENT TRANSFER COUNTER
S4 -
IF TRANSFER COUNTER EQUAL ZERO.
SET FLAG TO EXiT TARGET SEND
STATE
I
~
rep = CLOCK PERIOD
100 NS
~
rep
~
~-
200 NS
III.
NCR 5385S SYNCHRONOUS OPERATION
NCR 5386S Synchronous Operation
The NCR 5386S SCSI Protocol Controller is pin and software compatible
with the NCR 5385E and 5386 but may additionally be used to transfer
data in a synchronous fashion.
Using a 10 Mhz clock the NCR 53868 is
capable of transferring data up to 3.3 MBytes/sec.
The following
information describes how to invoke the synchronous operation and what
is required to achieve to maximum data rate.
CONTROL REGISTER
The control register is used to notify the NCR 53868 whether data
phases are to be transferred synchronously or asynchronously.
(NOTE:
All SCSI devices Must first establish that they are transferring
synchronously through the SCSI message system.
Also, only data phases
may be transferred synchronously.
This allows both synchronous and
asynchronous devices to share th~ same bus.)
Bits 4-7 of this register
have been defined to support synchronous operation.
The use of these
bits are described below:
CONTROL REGISTER
1
o
1 PDM 1 TP6 1 TP5 1 8VN 1 VPE 1 PE
1 RE
1
1
1
1 SE
1
7
1
6
1
3
4
5
111
1
1
1
I
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
of
J.
1
1
1
1-----------86S---------1-86--1------85E--------I
I
I
I
1
BIT 0 Select Enable
Wherl this bit is a Ill" the chip will l""'esp.:lnd t,:.
any attempt to select it as a Target.
When it
i s a " 0 " , the chi p w i l l i 9 nc. t" e a 1 I se 1 e c t i CI n
attempts.
BIT 1 Reselect EYlable
WheYI this bit is a "111 the chip will t .... espc1nd tel
aYIY t"'ese 1 ect i clr, at tempt s.
When SE·t t.:, a "tZl" the
chip will ignore all reselection attempts.
BIT 2 Parity Enable
When the pat"ity eY,able bit is set to a "1", the
chip generates and checks parity on all
transfers on the SCSI bus.
When this bit is not
set, parity is generated but not checked.
BIT 3 Valid Phase Enable
Whey, this bit is set tCI a "1", the chip
generates an interrupt for phase changes
only when REQ becomes active.
When bit 3 is
a "0", btlS sel'''vice iy,tert"upts al'''e geY'tet"'ated
if the phase lines are stable for twelve
clocks and BSV is active for twelve clocks
after the phase lines have stablized.
(1)
IT 4 SYYlchroYlc,uS SCSI When this bit is set to a "1", the chi p is con-·
~igured to transfer all data phases across the
SCSI bus using the synchronous offset of one
handshake. When this bit is a zero, the chip
will handshake data as the NCR 5385E and the
5386 in an asynchronous ~ashion.
BIT 5,6 Transfer Period
aIT 7 Pulsed DMA Mode
The Transfer Period bits are provided so
you may program the NCR 53868 to ma~ch the
transfer rate of your application.
These bits
determine the minimuM REQ cycle time and
are only used when operating as a Target
device.
These transfer period bits are only
used in synchronous data transfers.
TP6
TP5
0
0
1
1
IZI
1
0
1
MINIMUM REQ CYCLE TIME
3 Cl.:.ck Pe","iods
3.5 C 1 clck Pen'iods
4 Clock Pel'''i t:lds
4.5 Cloc~. Pe ..... iods
In order to acheive the maximum synchronous
transfer rate the optional Pulsed DMA handshake
may be used.
This handshake is compatible with
the flyby mode used with the AMD 9516 DMA
device. The primary difference with this
handshake is that the DACKI input signal must
be pulsed in response to the DREQ output.
Restl'''ict ioY,s elY, the DACKI pulse a"r"e desc::y'i bEd
in the synchronous timing diagrams.
This Mode
is optional and not required for synchronous
operation or evaluation but m~y be necessary
to acheive the desir~d transfer rate.
(2)
iDENTIFICATION
In the 10 Register Bit 6 is used to identifiy the device as an NCR
53869.
This read only bit notifies the controlling software that
synchronous data transfers are supported.
If this bit is not set then
the device is either an NCR 5385E or NCR 5386.
SYNCHRONOUS TIMING DIAGRAMS
Pulsed DMA Operation
MIN
MAX
70
130
4t
Name
Desct. . i pt i orl
1
tcd
CLK lClw tel DREQ active
2
tdl
DACKI active
3
tdd
eLK high aftet" DREQ tCI DACKI lClw
to meet mi rli mum cycle time (300 Y",s)
tCI
DREQ ll;)w
4121
4
tl'''d
RDI arid DACKI cl:lr'cLn. . ·. . . er't 1 y active
5
trdl
Mi Y",imum tdd + tt. . d to meet fIli Y"limum
cycle time (3121121 Y",sec)
7
UNITS
twr
WRI arid DACKI cclr'cul'''t. . er't 1 y active
twrl
Mi Y',in1um tdd + twt" tel meet
cycle time (3121121 Y",s)
r.l
80
Y'lsec
nsec' (757)
90
220
Y,sec
nsec
60
i r,i mum
17121
(3)
r.sec
"
"
• ------T 1 --- ~ ----..... ---, ---T 2 ----- --~ ------T 3 ------- .~
elK
--lL-----J
lL------l
..
I
,I
I
,i
,I
"
DREQ
T1
"
..
t'
"
I.'
I
I'
I
l l l I
~-----',Ll l I
I tI Ji /'
I
I' '
'"
'
,I
J
,
,I
,I
I
I
I
I
l
}
I
\L...-'-
,I
~-- t
~
d.j ---.
----il
________
:
·tdl-.-.
-.--------"----tr·d ---------..:
DACK/------------------------------~"
\
~-
~------
I
\~_____________J/
--- -- - --- --- - -- - --- -t
DA CK/ -.-.;...-----------------------.\
~
.
- -- ---t
t-· d 1
------------- ~
I
.
.\
l:
\
l:
\,
~-
FIGURE 1
-------.- --- t
t
1.1......· - - - - - - - -"":/~
IJ.t t-·
l :
1 -------.- ----- -- -~
PULSED DMA OPERATION (10 MHz)
~~rget
Role Hay.dshake
MIN
tt
Name
Descri pt ioY.
e
tmY'.
tmx
tc0
tel
tc2
tc3
tal
100
Minimum REQ assel'''t i OY. time
Maximum REQ assel'''t i c.n time
Minimum REQ cycle time (TPe"5=00)
3
Minimum REQ cycle time (TP6,5=01) 3.5
4
Mi rti mum REQ cycle time (TP6,5=10)
Mi Ylimum REQ cycle time (TP6,5=11) L... 5
ACKI active pt"' i Cit"' to rlext REQI
to meet specified tl'''arlsfet'' pel'''icld 80
9
10
11
12
13
14
NOTE: A minimum deasset"t ic.rl pel'''iod clf 90 nsec
correct opel'''at iClra.
CtY',
MAX
UNITS
200
Yisec
rlsec
Cl.:.ck
Pe~"'il:.ds
Clc.ck. Pel'"'ic.ds
Cl.:lck Pel'''i,=:tds
C 1.:lck Pel'''ic.ds
rlsec
ACKI must be meet fell'"'
Iyti t iator" RClle Harldshake
..
Name
15 tra
16 tay.
17 tax
Desct'" i pt i Clrl
MIN
REQ/ active to ACK/ active
Minimum ACKI assertion period
Maximum ACKI assertion period
100
MAX
70
200
UNITS
r,sec
nsec
r,sec
A minimum deassertion period of 90 nsec on REQI must be meet for
grrect operation.
~OTE:
(6)
t·ll-- R
FIGURE 2
REQ/
. , ....
I
C"
....
__I.)
~
8 0':'
/ ro· .
l
/l
(
/
/ /l
,l ,
I
..
\
I'
,I I'
,,I I
l
1
\
~tmn
,,l"
,
I
...
TARG~T
/
I
/
I'
l
I
ROLE OPERATION
,
II
\
/ //
\,
I
\,
\,,
\
,
I
I,
l
\
\,,,
'\,
I
I
\
,,
'I
I
\
\
...
~
\
,
'I
1
-~
~-
--- t m::<
~-
-------------.t c 0 ---------- -~
-- - - - - -...:
;...- ------------------ tel -------_. -- ~
~-
----------------------- t c 2 ----------..
~-
---------------------------- t c 3 - ---- ----- ~
.-------- t::..l
--------~.,
"
I"
"
...,rL.../ ·'"
A"I--
\
,III
\'1, ______________________________________ '
~.
~J
FIGURE 3 - NCR 53868· INITIATOR OPERATION
REQ/
\
l
\
I
I
I
'I
/
l
I
II
I
~
\,
I,
\
/
t r a - - -~ -- - - -~ --- -t a>:: - - - -- --- -~ - - -------.t
,
\
li~
~.
r' - - -~
IV.
SCSI ACCOMMODATES FLEXIBLE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES
SCSI ACCOMMODATES FLEXIBLE
SYS~EM
ARCHITECTURES
The SCSI interface is rapidly gaining acceptance as a standard
for interconnecting intell igent peripheral device s.
Mu ch of the
standard's success may be directly attributed to the flexibility
that
the
interface
v e r sa til i ty
the
of
architectures will
mul ti-tasking,
offers.
In
order
standard,
SCSI
described:
be
mul ti-user,
to
demonstrate
four
unique
the
sy stem
single-user/single
tasking,
and mul ti-processing systems.
These
examples represent actual product offerings that span a range of
computing requi rements.
The SCSI interface provides a
..cost-effective
available,
'.
solution for
the
differing
readily
needs
of
each c0nf lS1ur ation.
SINGLE-USERISINGLE-TASKING SYSTEMS
The personal computer products, which make up a maj or i ty of the
computers
sold,
may
be
generally
user/single-tasking system.
a sequential manner.
characterized
In these
~stems
as
a
single-
I/O is performed in
For example, if you wish to store a file to
disk and then read another file from disk, you would wait for the
first task to complete before the second task can be performed.
Figure 1 shows a block diagram of products which represent this
category.
Because the SCSI interface operates with generic device types,
the
system
may
be
designed
to
intelligent mass storage devices.
(1)
operate
with
a
variety
of
This allows the user a choice
of configurations that meet his performance and storage capacity
requirements.
Flexibility is important, but product cost is the primary concern
for this class of computer.
A hard disk drive and a controller
board may account for as much as 50% of the system cost.
drive
manufacturers
interfaces
that
controller.
have
interface
However,
traditionally
provided
to
bus
with
the
the
host
increasing
Disk
drive-level
through
a
disk
integration
of
controller electronics, several manufacturers are finding it less
costly to provide an integrated SCSI controller directly on the
disk drive.
Obviously, a single board is less expensive than two boards, plus
the hardware required to interconnect the boards.
Less obvious
is the savings realized by achieving higher manufacturing yields
on the drive's head/drive assembly.
as
a
logical
surface
storage
defect mapping,
device
and
Since the disk is addressed
the
controller
manages
the
the manufacturer's assembly yields are
increased, thereby reducing the overall product cost.
MULTI-~ASKING
In
SYSTEMS
single-tasking
performance
operations.
suffers
or
single-threaded
due
to
the
enviromnents,
sequential
nature
of
system
all
1/0
Seek and rotational latencies, associated with the
-2-
disk drive, may occupy up to 70% of the time required to access a
sector of information.
In single-user/mul ti-tasking systems,
"dead"
time,
the
transferring data
SCSI
to
standard
to take advantage of this
allows
devices
remove themselves from
other I/O operations may be initiated.
not
the bus,
actively
so
that
Therefore, multiple disk
drives may be seeking data simultaneously, providing for higher
bus
util ization.
The drive which locates its data first will
reselect the host and complete the transfer.
block
diagram
of
a
Figure 2 shows a
single-user/multi-tasking
system.
Many
workstations are being designed around this architecture.
Since these
systems are more sophisticated,
additional devices
such as optical disks and tape back-up units may optionally' be
added.
The SCSI bus is easily expanded to include additional
devices,
without
since
the
SCSI
occupying
interface
valuable
supports
backplane
generic
slots.
device
Again,
types,
all
peripherals may be upgraded to the user's performance and storage
r eq ui rement s.
MULTI-USER SYSTEMS
In today's office environment, personal computers are stand-alone
dev ices
However,
tha t
suppor t
if data
individual
needs to be
productivi ty
shared
-3-
requirements.
between users,
then the
system components need to be networked.
Local
area networks,
such as Omninet, Ethernet, Arcnet and Appletalk, may be used to
accompl ish this interf aci ng task.
Since da ta is shared be tween
these various components, fileservers are used as common storage
elements.
Fileservers,
in many
cases,
are personal
modified to support multi-user file management.
computers
Figure 3 shows a
common fileserver implementation.
In
some
cases,
the
mere
fact
of
having
multiple
users
dramatically reduces system responsiveness, which is so important
in mul ti-user env irornnents.
However, since the SCSI bus supports
data rates at 1.5 Mbytes/sec in an
Mbytes/sec using a
~his
not suffer.
capability
allows
utilization.
~ndhronous
a~nchronous
mode and up to 4
handshake, system performance need
fast transfer rate coupled with the disconnect
for
high
data
throughput
and efficient
bus
Additionally, these transfer rates match or exceed
the performance of the commonly used local area networks (LANs).
The
SCSI
interface
supports
several
conunands
to
accommodate
multi-user systems by providing increased system performance and
shared file
protection.
Sear ch
conunands,
implemented
in
the
fileserver or the disk controller, allow key words to be searched
locally rather than occu~ing the LAN or the SCSI bus with large
data transfers.
while
reducing
These commands increase the system performance
the bus bandwidth requirements.
-4-
To keep shared
files from being accessed simultaneously, the Reserve and Release
commands may be used to manage file activity.
Reserved files are
not available to other users until the files have been Released
by the current users.
Aside
from
expensive
sharing
system
devices,
color
resources
data,
fileservers
resources.
plotters,
Laser
and
even
may
be
printers,
copiers may
in the multi-user envirorunent.
allows the
f ileserver
to
be
used
easily
The
to
large
act
storage
as
SCSI
share
shared
interface
reconf igured for
specif ic
system req ui rement s.
MULTI-PROCESSOR SYSTEMS
Systems
supporting multiple operating
acquisition,
communication
processors have
support
thei r
requi re
a
the
used
multi-processing
or
backplane
as well
time
data
dedica.ted
architectures
These
as an
to
systems
intelligent
The SCSI interface, with its multi-host
provides the needed functionality at a fraction of
backplane
cost.
In addi tional
to file
tran sfers
individual processors and mass storage devices,
communications
Futhermore,
real
other
requirements.
communica tions bus
peripheral interface.
capability,
processors,
traditionally
local
systems,
can
be accomplished across
freedom
from
increased design flexibili ty.
a multi-processor
backplane
form
be tween
inter-processor
the SCSI interface.
factors
provides
Figure 4 shows a block diagram of
~stem.
-5-
Since the SCSI interface is limited to directly supporting up to
eight bus devices, this may preclude the use of the standard SCSI
interface in complex multi-processing configurations.
SCSI/Plus
(tm) addresses this I imitation by taking advantage of unused bus
phases to provide a binary
selection
phase,
up
to
selection phase.
64
bus
devices
Using the binary
may
be
supported.
SCSI/Plus is a superset of the SCSI standard and the different
bus devices may co-exist on the same bus.
SUMMARY
The
systems
described
configurations
architectures.
incorporate
that
a
range
of
SCSI
system
personal
dollar multi-user
level
use
systems.
the
a
few
of
backbone
products,
requirements,
and
fully
from
a
product
category,
SCSI
offers
ne cessa ry
variety
a
of
many
their
needed to
spanning several-
integrated
integrated
bus
circuits,
devices
of manufacturers.
cost-effective
performance,
feat ure s
uniqueness to make it a truly usable standard.
SCSI/Plus is a trademark of Aropro Computers, Inc.
-6-
the
to, several-hundred-thousand-
Additionally,
available
the
as
computers
readily
pr ov ide s
article are
The standard offers the flexibility
hundred-dollar
board
in this
are
In
each
solution
that
and
vendor
I
~
HO--iT
-~
I
FICi-lJRE 1 -
SI~lfPLE SC~~SI C~ONFI(;lJRATION
l)l)tic~al
Disl{ Dl'i,7e
C~AD/CAE
lVORKI
ex>
I
STATION
"''1.
'---'
••••'1.'1..
.......~./.
./
BIJS
Tape
I)ri\le
'~I
'."
~-t.///
J?IG1~TRE
2 -
Flopp~y~/Hal'd
I)isl{
Cl111troller
~/ITJLTI-T~~SI(ING SC~SI S)~STE~f
TJsel" 1
Tape
DI'ive
L;\N
lJS€l"
File
2
Sel',7el' .
Laser
Pl"ill t..er
I
\0
I
TJS€l"
:3
Disl~
Dl"i,;:re
FIGlJRE :3 -
'S(~SI
IN i\ 1\..flJLTI -lJSER S)TSTE1.f
.. ...
~
//L . _ _
LISP
Prr)CeSS()l'
~Iass
1\.fS-DOS
Stol~age
(~o -r)1 0CeSS()1'
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Stlt)-s,rsteITl
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C~ 0 1111111111 i C~ a ti 0 11 S
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lJNIX
(:0 -proceSSOI"
~flJLTI - PRO(~~ESSOR
l_TSE OF SCSI BlJS
v.
SCSI PACKAGING OPTIONS
NCR MICROELECTRONICS
SCSI PRODUCTS
Listed and shown below are the packages that the NCR 5380, 5381
5385E,5386,5386S and 8310 SCSI products are either currently
available in or will be available in. Product availability and
lead-time is also shown. Please note that if a package is not
listed that would be of interest to you, please contact NCR Microelectronics in Colorado Springs on (800)-525-2252 or (303)-596-5612.
NCR 5380
40 pin DIP
NCR 5380
44 pin J lead PLCC
Samples:
Production:
Lead-time:
Now
Now
8 weeks
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
00
DB7
OB6
OB5
DB4
OB3
082
OB1
OBO
NCR
5380
OBP
GNO
SEL
BSV
ACK
14
ATN
RST
1/0
15
16
17
c/o
18
MSG
19
20
REO
A2
A1
Voo
Samples:
Production:
Now
January, 1986
Lead-time:
8 weeks
~ I~ ~
(,
Db3
~
G
Q
U
.....
~
::z
Q
t.t.
5
I.)
....
oJ
Q
Q
t.!.
4\
.....
Q
40
D6
39
7
DIl2
8
381 D7
OBI
9
J7
m
10
, A2
361 Al
OBi' . 11
3S
34
5 3 8 0
NCR
I
VDu
NC
AO
CND
12
lOW
~
CND
l3
33
A0
SEL
14
32
Tm1
~
BSY
15
31
Rfffi
READY
ACt
16
30
EOI'
AlN
11
29
DAC[
18
EO'P
lOR
IRa
ORO
CS
19
20
21
22
IE ~ ~ ~ e-
23
24
2S
26
27
28
u
z
I~
Cf
0-
le
eo:
co::
Q
co::
....
><
c::>
co::
NCR 5381
48 pin DIP
NCR 5381
68 pin J Lead PLCe
Samples:
Production:
Now
Now
Samples:
Production:
November, 1985
January, 1986
Lead-time:
8 weeks
Lead-time:
8 weeks
00
SINGLEND
DB7
ARB
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68 pin J-lead PLCC
NCR 5385E
48 pin DIP
Samples:
Production:
Now
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Samples:
Production:
November, 1985
January, 1986
Lead-time:
8 weeks
Lead-time:
8 weeks
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NCR 5386
52 pin J Lead PLCC
Samples:
Production:
February, 1986
March, 1986
Samples:
Production:
February, 1986
March, 1986
Lead-time:
8 weeks
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NCR 53865
48 pin DIP
Samples:
Production:
February, 1986
March, 1986
Samples:
Production:
March, 1986
May, 1986
Lead-time:
8 weeks
Lead-time:
8 weeks
02
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Samples:
Production:
December, 1985
January, 1986
Samples:
Production:
January, 1986
February, 1986
Lead-time:
8 weeks
Lead-time:
8 weeks
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Production:
January, 1986
March, 1986
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NCR 53C80
44 pin J-Lead PLCC
NCR 53C80
48 pin DIP
Samples:
Production:
December, 1985
February, 1986
Samples:
Production:
January, 1986
February, 1986
Lead-time:
8 weeks
Lead-time:
8 weeks
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Source Exif Data:
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