IBM Netezza System Administrator’s Guide Administrator
User Manual:
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Page Count: 550
IBM Netezza 7.0 and Later
IBM Netezza System
Administrator’s Guide
Revised:
20282-20 Rev. 1
October 9, 2012
Note: Before using this information and the product that it supports, read the information in “Notices and Trademarks” on
page E-1.
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2001, 2012.
US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM
Corp.
Contents
Preface
1 Administration Overview
Administrator’s Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Administration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Initial System Setup and Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Netezza Software Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Managing the External Network Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Managing Domain Name Service (DNS) Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Setting up Remote Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Administration Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Other Netezza Documentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
2 Installing the Netezza Client Software
Client Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Installing the Netezza CLI Client on a Linux/UNIX System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Installing on Linux/UNIX Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Setting the Path for Netezza CLI Client Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Removing the CLI Clients from UNIX Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Installing the Netezza Tools on a Windows Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Installation Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Installing the Netezza Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Environment Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Removing the IBM Netezza Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Installing the Web Admin Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Installing the RPM and Shared Library Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Installing the Web Admin Server and Application Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Upgrading the Web Admin Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Removing the Web Admin Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Contents of the WebAdmin Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Installing the Netezza SSL Site Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Clients and Unicode Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Client Timeout Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Netezza Port Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Changing the Default Port Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
iii
Specifying Non-Default NPS Port Numbers for Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Creating Encrypted Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Using Stored Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
3 Using the Netezza Administration Interfaces
Netezza CLI Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Summary of Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Command Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Netezza CLI Command Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Using the Netezza Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Specifying Identifiers in Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
SQL Command Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
nzsql Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
NzAdmin Tool Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Client Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Starting the NzAdmin Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Logging In to NzAdmin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Connecting to the Netezza System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Displaying System Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
Interpreting the Color Status Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
Main Menu Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Using the NzAdmin Tool Hyperlinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
Administration Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
Setting Automatic Refresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
Controlling NzAdmin Session Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19
Web Admin Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19
Using the Web Admin Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
Understanding the Web Admin Page Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
4 Managing Netezza HA Systems
Linux-HA and DRBD Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Differences with the Previous Netezza HA Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Linux-HA Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Heartbeat Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
CIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Important Information about Host 1 and Host 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Managing Failover Timers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Netezza Cluster Management Scripts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
iv
Identifying the Active and Standby Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Monitoring the Cluster and Resource Group Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
nps Resource Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Failover Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Relocate to the Standby Node. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Safe Manual Control of the Hosts (And Heartbeat) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Transition to Maintenance (Non-Heartbeat) Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Transitioning from Maintenance to Clustering Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
Cluster Manager Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Logging and Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
DRBD Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
Monitoring DRBD Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
Sample DRBD Status Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
Split-Brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
Administration Reference and Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
IP Address Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Forcing Heartbeat to Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Shutting Down Heartbeat on Both Nodes without Causing Relocate . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Restarting Heartbeat after Maintenance Network Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Resolving Configuration Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18
Fixed a Problem, but crm_mon Still Shows Failed Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18
Output From crm_mon Does Not Show the nps Resource Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18
Linux Users and Groups Required for HA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19
Checking for User Sessions and Activity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19
5 Managing the Netezza Hardware
Netezza Hardware Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Displaying Hardware Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Hardware Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Hardware IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Hardware Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Hardware Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Hardware States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Data Slices, Data Partitions, and Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
IBM Netezza 100/1000 Storage Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
IBM Netezza C1000 Storage Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
System Resource Balance Recovery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
v
Hardware Management Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Callhome File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
Displaying Hardware Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
Managing Hosts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
Managing SPUs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Managing Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Managing Data Slices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
Displaying Data Slice Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
Monitor Data Slice Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
Regenerate a Data Slice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Rebalance Data Slices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
Displaying the Active Path Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24
Handling Transactions during Failover and Regeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Automatic Query and Load Continuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
Power Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27
PDU and Circuit Breakers Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27
Powering On the IBM Netezza 1000 and IBM PureData System for Analytics N1001528
Powering Off the IBM Netezza 1000 or IBM PureData System for Analytics N1001 . 529
Powering on an IBM Netezza C1000 System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30
Powering off an IBM Netezza C1000 System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31
NEC InfoFrame DWH PDU and Circuit Breakers Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32
Powering On the NEC InfoFrame DWH Appliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-33
Powering Off an NEC InfoFrame DWH Appliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
6 Managing the Netezza Server
Software Revision Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Displaying the Netezza Software Revision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Displaying the Software Revision Levels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
System States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Displaying the Current System State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
System States Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Waiting for a System State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Managing the System State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Start the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Stop the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
Pause the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
vi
Resume the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
Take the System Offline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Restart the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Overview of the Netezza System Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
System States during Netezza Start-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
System Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11
System Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
Backup and Restore Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
Bootserver Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
Client Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
Database Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
Event Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
Flow Communications Retransmit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15
Host Statistics Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15
Load Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15
Postgres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15
Session Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
SPU Cores Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Startup Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Statistics Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
System Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
The nzDbosSpill File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
System Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Display Configuration Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Changing the System Registry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
7 Managing Event Rules
Template Event Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Managing Event Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
Copying a Template Event to Create an Event Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
Copying and Modifying a User-Defined Event Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
Generating an Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
Deleting an Event Rule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Disabling an Event Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Adding an Event Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Specifying the Event Match Criteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Specifying the Event Rule Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12
vii
Specifying the Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13
The sendMail.cfg File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13
Aggregating Event E-mail Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16
Creating a Custom Event Rule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
Template Event Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
Specifying System State Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
Hardware Service Requested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
Hardware Needs Attention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21
Hardware Path Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22
Hardware Restarted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24
Specifying Disk Space Threshold Notification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24
Specifying Runaway Query Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26
Monitoring the System State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27
Monitoring for Disk Predictive Failure Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28
Monitoring for ECC Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29
Monitoring Regeneration Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29
Monitoring Disk Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30
Monitoring Hardware Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-32
Monitoring System Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33
Query History Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-34
Monitoring SPU Cores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37
Monitoring Voltage Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37
Monitoring Transaction Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-38
Switch Port Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-39
Reachability and Availability Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-39
Event Types Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-40
Network Interface State Change Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-40
Topology Imbalance Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-40
S-Blade CPU Core Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-41
Displaying Alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-41
8 Establishing Security and Access Control
Netezza Database Users and Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
Develop an Access Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2
Default Netezza Groups and Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
Choosing a User Authentication Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
Configuring Password Content Controls and Expiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
viii
Creating Netezza Database Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
Altering Netezza Database Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
Deleting Netezza Database Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
Creating Netezza Database Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
Altering Netezza Database Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
Deleting Netezza Database Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
Security Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
Administrator Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
Object Privileges on Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
Object Privileges by Class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
Scope of Object Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
Revoking Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
Privileges by Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
Indirect Object Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15
Always Available Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16
Creating an Administrative User Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16
Logon Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17
Local Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17
LDAP Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17
Commands Related to Authentication Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
Passwords and Logons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20
Netezza Client Encryption and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-22
Configuring the SSL Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-22
Configuring the Netezza Host Authentication for Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-23
Commands Related to Netezza Client Connection Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26
Setting User and Group Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26
Specifying User Rowset Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-27
Specifying Query Timeout Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-29
Specifying Session Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-29
Specifying Session Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-30
Logging Netezza SQL Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-30
Logging Netezza SQL Information on the Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-30
Logging Netezza SQL Information on the Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-30
Group Public Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31
9 Managing User Content on the Netezza Appliance
Creating Databases and User Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
Understanding Table Size and Storage Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
ix
Best Practices for Disk Space Usage in Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Database and Table Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Accessing Rows in Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Understanding Transaction IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Creating Distribution Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Selecting a Distribution Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Criteria for Selecting Distribution Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Choosing a Distribution Key for a Subset Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Distribution Keys and Collocated Joins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7
Dynamic Redistribution or Broadcasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7
Verifying Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7
Avoiding Data Skew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
Specifying Distribution Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
Viewing Data Skew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
Using Clustered Base Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11
Organizing Keys and Zone Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-12
Selecting Organizing Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-12
Reorganizing the Table Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-13
Copying Clustered Base Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
Updating Database Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
Maintaining Table Statistics Automatically. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15
Running the GENERATE STATISTICS Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-16
Just in Time Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-16
Zone Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17
Grooming Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18
GROOM and the nzreclaim Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19
Identifying Clustered Base Tables that Require Grooming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19
About the Organization Percentage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21
Groom and Backup Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21
Managing Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21
Using the nzsession Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22
Running Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-23
Transaction Control and Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-23
Transactions Per System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-23
Transaction Concurrency and Isolation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-24
Concurrent Transaction Serialization and Queueing, Implicit Transactions. . . . . . 9-24
Concurrent Transaction Serialization and Queueing, Explicit Transactions . . . . . . 9-25
x
Netezza Optimizer and Query Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26
Execution Plans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26
Displaying Plan Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-27
Analyzing Query Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-28
Viewing Query Status and History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-28
10 Backing Up and Restoring Databases
General Information on Backup and Restore Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
Database Completeness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
Portability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
Compression in Backups and Restores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
Multi-Stream Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
Special Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5
Upgrade/Downgrade Concerns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6
Compressed Unload and Reload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6
Encryption Key Management in Backup and Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6
Filesystem Connector for Backup and Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7
Third-Party Backup and Recovery Solutions Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8
Host Backup and Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8
Creating a Host Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8
Restoring the Host Data Directory and Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9
Using the nzbackup Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-10
The nzbackup Command Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11
Specifying Backup Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-14
nzbackup Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-15
Backup Archive Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-17
Incremental Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-17
Backup History Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-19
Backing Up and Restoring Users, Groups, and Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-20
Using the nzrestore Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-22
The nzrestore Command Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-23
Specifying Restore Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-27
nzrestore Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-28
Maintaining Database Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-29
Restoring Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-29
Understanding Incremental Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-31
xi
Using the Symantec NetBackup Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-33
Installing the Symantec NetBackup License. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-33
Configuring NetBackup for a Netezza Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-34
Integrating Symantec NetBackup to Netezza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-35
Procedures for Backing Up and Restoring Using Symantec NetBackup . . . . . . . 10-39
Using the IBM Tivoli Storage Manager Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-41
About the Tivoli Backup Integration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-41
Configuring the Netezza Host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-42
Configuring the Tivoli Storage Manager Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-46
Special Considerations for Large Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-52
Running nzbackup and nzrestore with the TSM Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-54
Host Backup and Restore to the TSM Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-55
Backing up and Restoring Data Using the TSM Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-56
Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-57
Using the EMC NetWorker Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-59
Preparing your System for EMC NetWorker Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-59
NetWorker Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-60
NetWorker Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-60
NetWorker Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-65
11 Query History Collection and Reporting
Query History Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
Query History and Audit History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
Planning Query History Monitoring Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
Planning the History Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3
Planning Query History Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5
Enabling History Collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-6
Managing Access to the History Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-7
Query History Loading Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-7
History Batch Directory Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-9
Configuring the Loader Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-9
Query History Log Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-11
Disabling History Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-11
Changing the Owner of a History Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-11
Changing Query History Configuration Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-12
Displaying Query History Configuration Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-12
Dropping History Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-13
Query History Event Notifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-14
xii
Managing History Configurations Using NzAdmin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-14
Query History Views and User Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-15
Query History and Audit History Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-15
_v_querystatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-16
_v_planstatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-16
$v_hist_queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-18
$v_hist_successful_queries and $v_hist_unsuccessful_queries. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-19
$v_hist_incomplete_queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-19
$v_hist_table_access_stats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-20
$v_hist_column_access_stats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-20
$v_hist_log_events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-21
$hist_version. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-22
$hist_nps_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-22
$hist_log_entry_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-23
$hist_failed_authentication_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-23
$hist_session_prolog_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-24
$hist_session_epilog_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-26
$hist_query_prolog_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-27
$hist_query_epilog_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-28
$hist_query_overflow_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-29
$hist_service_$SCHEMA_VERSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-30
$hist_state_change_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-31
$hist_table_access_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-32
$hist_column_access_$SCHEMA_VERSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-33
$hist_plan_prolog_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-34
$hist_plan_epilog_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-36
History Table Helper Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-36
FORMAT_QUERY_STATUS () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-37
FORMAT_PLAN_STATUS () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-37
FORMAT_TABLE_ACCESS() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-37
FORMAT_COLUMN_ACCESS() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-38
Example Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-38
12 Managing Workloads on the Netezza Appliance
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
Service Level Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
WLM Feature Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-2
xiii
Resource Sharing Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-2
Concurrent Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-3
Managing Short Query Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-4
Managing GRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-6
Resource Percentages and System Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-6
Assigning Users to Resource Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-7
Resource Groups Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-7
GRA Allocations Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-9
Resource Allocations for the Admin User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-10
Allocations for Multiple Jobs in the Same Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-11
Priority and GRA Resource Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-12
Guaranteed Resource Allocation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-13
Tracking GRA Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-14
Monitoring Resource Utilization and Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-15
Managing PQE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-19
Netezza Priority Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-20
Managing the Gate Keeper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-21
13 Displaying Netezza Statistics
Netezza Stats Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1
Database Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2
DBMS Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-3
Host CPU Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-3
Host File System Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-4
Host Interface Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-4
Host Management Channel Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-6
Host Network Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-7
Host Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-8
Hardware Management Channel Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-9
Per Table Per Data Slice Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-10
Query Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-10
Query History Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-11
SPU Partition Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-12
SPU Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-13
System Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-13
Table Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-14
Displaying System Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-15
xiv
The nzstats Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-15
To display table types and fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-15
To display a specific table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-15
14 Managing the MantraVM Service
Mantra Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1
MantraVM Hostname and IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-2
MantraVM and High Availability Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-2
MantraVM Users and Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-2
MantraVM Log Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-2
Mantra Documentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-3
Starting and Stopping the MantraVM Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-3
Starting the MantraVM Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-3
Stopping the MantraVM Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-3
Displaying the Status of the MantraVM Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-4
Managing the MantraVM Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-4
Displaying the MantraVM Service Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-4
Displaying the MantraVM Service Version. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-5
Enabling the MantraVM Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-5
Disabling the MantraVM Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-5
Setting the MantraVM IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-6
Reconfiguring the MantraVM IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-6
Configuring the MantraVM Monitoring Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-7
Displaying the MantraVM Monitoring Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-8
Accessing the Mantra Web Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-8
Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-9
Double-Byte Character Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-9
Event Throttling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-9
/nz Partition is Full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-9
Mantra Inactivity Timeout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-10
Appendix A: Netezza CLI
Summary of Command Line Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Command Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4
Commands without Special Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6
Exit Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6
Netezza CLI Command Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6
nzbackup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
xv
nzcontents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
nzconvert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8
Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8
nzds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8
Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8
Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-11
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-11
Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-11
nzevent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-12
Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-12
Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-12
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-13
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-16
Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17
nzhistcleanupdb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17
Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17
Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-18
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-18
Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-19
nzhistcreatedb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-20
Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-20
Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-20
Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-21
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-22
Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-22
nzhostbackup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-22
Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-23
Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-23
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-23
Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-24
nzhostrestore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-24
xvi
Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-24
Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-25
Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-25
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-26
Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-26
nzhw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-26
Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-27
Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-27
Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-30
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-30
Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-31
nzload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-33
nzpassword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-33
Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-33
Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-33
Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-34
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-34
Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-35
nzreclaim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-35
Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-35
Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-36
Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-36
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-36
Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-37
nzrestore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-37
nzrev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-37
Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-37
Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-38
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-38
Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-38
nzsession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-39
Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-39
Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-39
Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-40
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-41
Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-43
nzspupart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-43
xvii
Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-44
Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-44
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-44
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-46
Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-46
nzstart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-47
Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-47
Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-47
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-47
Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-48
nzstate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-48
Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-48
Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-49
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-49
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-50
Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-50
nzstats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-50
Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-50
Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-51
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-51
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-52
Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-53
nzstop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-53
Syntax Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-53
Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-54
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-54
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-54
Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-54
nzsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-55
Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-55
Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-55
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-56
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-56
Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-57
Customer Service Troubleshooting Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-58
nzconvertsyscase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-59
nzdumpschema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-61
xviii
nzinitsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-62
nzlogmerge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-62
Appendix B: Linux Host Administration Reference
Managing Linux Accounts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
Setting Up Linux User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
Modifying Linux User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
Deleting Linux User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
Changing Linux Account Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
Managing Linux Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
Adding Linux Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
Modifying Linux Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3
Deleting Linux Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3
Managing the Linux Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3
Hostname and IP Address Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3
Rebooting the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3
Reformatting the Host Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4
Fixing System Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4
Viewing System Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4
Stopping Errant Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5
Changing the System Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5
Determining the Kernel Release Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-6
System Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-6
Displaying Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-6
Finding Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-6
Displaying File Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-6
Finding Netezza Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7
Timing Command Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7
Setting Default Command Line Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7
Miscellaneous Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7
Appendix C: Netezza User and System Views
User Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
System Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3
Appendix D: System Configuration File Settings
System Startup Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
System Manager Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3
Other Host Processes Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-6
xix
SPU Configuration Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-10
Appendix E: Notices and Trademarks
Notices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1
Trademarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-3
Electronic Emission Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4
Regulatory and Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-7
Glossary of Database and System Terms
Index
xx
Tables
Table 2-1:
Netezza Supported Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Table 2-2:
Sample UNIX CD/DVD Mount Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Table 2-3:
Environment Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Table 2-4:
Directory Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Table 2-5:
Netezza Port Numbers for Database Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Table 3-1:
Command Line Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Table 3-2:
CLI Command Locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Table 3-3:
nzsql Command Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Table 3-4:
nzsql Internal Slash Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Table 3-5:
Color Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Table 3-6:
Main Menu Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Table 3-7:
Automatic Refresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18
Table 4-1:
HA Tasks and Commands (Old Design and New Design) . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Table 4-2:
Cluster Management Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Table 4-3:
HA IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Table 5-1:
Key Netezza Hardware Components to Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Table 5-2:
Hardware Description Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Table 5-3:
Hardware Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Table 5-4:
Hardware States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Table 5-5:
Data Slice Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Table 5-6:
System States and Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Table 6-1:
Netezza Software Revision Numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Table 6-2:
Common System States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Table 6-3:
System States Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Table 6-4:
Netezza Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Table 6-5:
Error Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11
Table 7-1:
Template Event Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Table 7-2:
Netezza Template Event Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
Table 7-3:
Event Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
Table 7-4:
Event Argument Expression Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13
Table 7-5:
Notification Substitution Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14
Table 7-6:
Notification Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15
Table 7-7:
System State Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
xxi
xxii
Table 7-8:
Hardware Service Requested Event Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
Table 7-9:
Hardware Needs Attention Event Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22
Table 7-10:
Hardware Path Down Event Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23
Table 7-11:
Hardware Restarted Event Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24
Table 7-12:
Disk Space Event Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25
Table 7-13:
Threshold and States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26
Table 7-14:
Runaway Query Event Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27
Table 7-15:
SCSI Predictive Failure Event Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28
Table 7-16:
ECC Error Event Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29
Table 7-17:
Regen Fault Event Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30
Table 7-18:
SCSI Disk Error Event Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-31
Table 7-19:
Thermal Fault Event Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-32
Table 7-20:
Sys Heat Threshold Event Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33
Table 7-21:
histCaptureEvent Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-34
Table 7-22:
histLoadEvent Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35
Table 7-23:
SPU Core Event Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37
Table 7-24:
Voltage Fault Event Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37
Table 7-25:
Transaction Limit Event Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-39
Table 8-1:
Administrator Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
Table 8-2:
Object Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
Table 8-3:
Netezza SQL Commands for Displaying Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
Table 8-4:
Privileges by Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
Table 8-5:
Indirect Object Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15
Table 8-6:
Authentication-Related Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
Table 8-7:
Client Connection-Related Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26
Table 8-8:
User and Group Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26
Table 8-9:
Public Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31
Table 8-10:
System Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32
Table 9-1:
Data Type Disk Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Table 9-2:
Table Skew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10
Table 9-3:
Database Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
Table 9-4:
Generate Statistics Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15
Table 9-5:
Automatic Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-16
Table 9-6:
cbts_needing_groom Input Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20
Table 9-7:
The 64th read/write Transaction Queueing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-25
Table 9-8:
The _v_qrystat View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29
Table 9-9:
The _v_qryhist View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29
Table 10-1:
Choosing a Backup and Restore Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
Table 10-2:
Backup/Restore Commands and Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
Table 10-3:
Retaining Specials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5
Table 10-4:
The nzbackup Command Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11
Table 10-5:
Environment Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-14
Table 10-6:
Backup History Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-20
Table 10-7:
Backup and Restore Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-21
Table 10-8:
The nzrestore Command Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-23
Table 10-9:
Environment Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-27
Table 10-10:
Backup History Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-31
Table 10-11:
Restore History Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-33
Table 10-12:
NetBackup Policy Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-34
Table 11-1:
History Loader Settings and Behavior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-9
Table 11-2:
_v_querystatus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-16
Table 11-3:
_v_planstatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-16
Table 11-4:
$v_hist_queries View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-18
Table 11-5:
$v_hist_incomplete_queries View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-19
Table 11-6:
$v_hist_table_access_stats View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-20
Table 11-7:
$v_hist_column_access_stats View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-20
Table 11-8:
$v_hist_log_events View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-21
Table 11-9:
$hist_version. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-22
Table 11-10:
$hist_nps_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-22
Table 11-11:
$hist_log_entry_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-23
Table 11-12:
$hist_failed_authentication_$SCHEMA_VERSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-23
Table 11-13:
$hist_session_prolog_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-24
Table 11-14:
$hist_session_epilog_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-26
Table 11-15:
$hist_query_prolog_$SCHEMA_VERSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-27
Table 11-16:
$hist_query_epilog_$SCHEMA_VERSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-28
Table 11-17:
$hist_query_overflow_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-29
Table 11-18:
$hist_service_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-30
Table 11-19:
$hist_state_change_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-31
Table 11-20:
$hist_table_access_$SCHEMA_VERSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-32
Table 11-21:
$hist_column_access_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-33
Table 11-22:
$hist_plan_prolog_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-34
Table 11-23:
$hist_plan_epilog_$SCHEMA_VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-36
Table 12-1:
Workload Management Feature Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-2
Table 12-2:
Short Query Bias Registry Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-5
xxiii
xxiv
Table 12-3:
Sample Resource Sharing Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-7
Table 12-4:
Assigning Resources to Active RSGs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-9
Table 12-5:
Guaranteed Resource Allocation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-13
Table 12-6:
GRA Compliance Registry Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-14
Table 12-7:
GRA Report Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-16
Table 12-8:
Netezza Priorities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-20
Table 12-9:
Gate Keeper Registry Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-22
Table 13-1:
Netezza Groups and Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1
Table 13-2:
Database Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2
Table 13-3:
DBMS Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-3
Table 13-4:
Host CPU Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-3
Table 13-5:
Host File System Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-4
Table 13-6:
Host Interfaces Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-4
Table 13-7:
Host Management Channel Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-6
Table 13-8:
Host Network Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-7
Table 13-9:
Host Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-8
Table 13-10:
Hardware Management Channel Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-9
Table 13-11:
Per Table Data Slice Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-10
Table 13-12:
Query Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-10
Table 13-13:
Query History Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-11
Table 13-14:
SPU Partition Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-12
Table 13-15:
SPU Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-13
Table 13-16:
System Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-13
Table 13-17:
Table Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-14
Table A-1:
Command Line Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Table A-2:
Administrator Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4
Table A-3:
Object Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5
Table A-4:
nzds Input Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9
Table A-5:
nzds Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-11
Table A-6:
nzevent Input Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-12
Table A-7:
nzevent Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-13
Table A-8:
nzhistcleanupdb Input Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-18
Table A-9:
nzhistcreatedb Input Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-20
Table A-10:
nzhistcreatedb Output Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-21
Table A-11:
nzhostbackup Input Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-23
Table A-12:
nzhostrestore Input Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-25
Table A-13:
nzhostrestore Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-25
Table A-14:
nzhw Input Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-27
Table A-15:
nzhw Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-30
Table A-16:
nzpassword Input Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-33
Table A-17:
nzpassword Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-34
Table A-18:
nzreclaim Input Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-36
Table A-19:
nzreclaim Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-36
Table A-20:
nzrev input Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-38
Table A-21:
nzsession Input Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-39
Table A-22:
nzsession Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-40
Table A-23:
Session Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-42
Table A-24:
nzspupart Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-44
Table A-25:
nzspupart Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-44
Table A-26:
nzstart Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-47
Table A-27:
nzstate Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-49
Table A-28:
nzstate Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-49
Table A-29:
nzstats Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-51
Table A-30:
nzstats Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-51
Table A-31:
nzstop Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-54
Table A-32:
nzstop Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-54
Table A-33:
nzsystem Inputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-55
Table A-34:
nzsystem Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-56
Table A-35:
Diagnostic Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-58
Table A-36:
nzconvertsyscase Input Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-60
Table A-37:
nzdumpschema Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-61
Table A-38:
nzlogmerge Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-62
Table C-1:
User Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
Table C-2:
System Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3
Table D-1:
Startup Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
Table D-2:
System Manager Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3
Table D-3:
Host Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-6
Table D-4:
SPU Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-10
xxv
xxvi
Figures
Figure 3-1:
Sample Run Command Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Figure 3-2:
Login Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Figure 3-3:
Netezza Revision Warning Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Figure 3-4:
NzAdmin Main System Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
Figure 3-5:
NzAdmin Hyperlink Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
Figure 3-6:
Preferences Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18
Figure 3-7:
Connection Error window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19
Figure 3-8:
Navigation Pane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
Figure 3-9:
Status Pane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
Figure 3-10:
System Summary Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
Figure 5-1:
Sample nzhw show Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Figure 5-2:
Sample nzhw show Output (IBM Netezza C1000 Systems) . . . . . . . . 5-4
Figure 5-3:
IBM Netezza Full-Rack System Components and Locations . . . . . . . . 5-6
Figure 5-4:
IBM Netezza C1000 System Components and Locations . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Figure 5-5:
SPUs, Disks, Data Slices, and Data Partitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Figure 5-6:
Netezza C1000 SPU and Storage Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Figure 5-7:
Balanced and Unbalanced Disk Topologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Figure 5-8:
5-27
Netezza 1001-6 and N1001-005 and Larger PDUs and Circuit Breakers .
Figure 5-9:
IBM Netezza 1000-3 and IBM PureData System for Analytics N1001-002
PDUs and Circuit Breakers5-28
Figure 5-10:
NEC InfoFrame DWH ZA100 PDUs and Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . 5-33
Figure 7-1:
Alerts Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-42
Figure 9-1:
Record Distribution Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
Figure 9-2:
Table Skew Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11
Figure 9-3:
Organizing Tables with CBTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11
Figure 10-1:
Database Backups Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-18
Figure 11-1:
Query History Staging and Loading Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8
Figure 12-1:
SQB Queuing and Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-4
Figure 12-2:
GRA Usage Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-8
Figure 12-3:
Impacts of the Admin User on GRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-10
Figure 12-4:
Multiple Jobs in a Group Share the Group’s Resources . . . . . . . . . 12-11
Figure 12-5:
GRA and Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-13
Figure 12-6:
Resource Allocation Performance Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-17
xxvii
xxviii
Figure 12-7:
Resource Allocation Performance History Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-18
Figure 12-8:
Resource Allocation Performance Graph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-19
Figure 12-9:
Using PQE to Control Job Concurrency by Runtime and Priority . . . 12-21
Figure 12-10:
Gate Keeper Default Normal Work Queue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-23
Figure 12-11:
Gate Keeper Time-Based Normal Queues and Registry Settings . . . 12-24
Figure 14-1:
Mantra and MantraVM Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1
Preface
The IBM® Netezza® data warehouse appliance is a high performance, integrated database
appliance that provides unparalleled performance, extensive scaling, high reliability, and
ease of use. The Netezza appliance uses a unique architecture that combines current
trends in processor, network, and software technologies to deliver a very high performance
system for large enterprise customers.
Audience for This Guide
The IBM Netezza System Administrator’s Guide is written for system administrators and
database administrators. In some customer environments, these roles could be the responsibility of one person or several administrators.
To use this guide, you should be familiar with Netezza concepts and user interfaces, as
described in the IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips. You should be comfortable using command-line interfaces, Linux operating system utilities, windows-based administration
interfaces, and installing software on client systems to access the Netezza appliance.
Purpose of This Guide
The IBM Netezza System Administrator’s Guide describes the tasks, concepts, and interfaces for managing the Netezza appliance and databases. This guide describes tasks such
as the following:
Installing Netezza clients
Managing the Netezza appliance
Managing Netezza system processes
Managing users, groups, and access security
Managing the database and database objects
Backing up and restoring data
Symbols and Conventions
This guide uses the following typographical conventions:
Italics for emphasis on terms and user-defined values such as user input
Upper case for SQL commands; for example INSERT, DELETE
Bold for command line input; for example, nzsystem stop
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If You Need Help
If you are having trouble using the Netezza appliance, you should:
1. Retry the action, carefully following the instructions given for that task in the
documentation.
2. Go to the IBM Support Portal at: http://www.ibm.com/support. Log in using your IBM
ID and password. You can search the Support Portal for solutions. To submit a support
request, click the Service Requests & PMRs tab.
3. If you have an active service contract maintenance agreement with IBM, you can contact customer support teams via telephone. For individual countries, visit the Technical
Support section of the IBM Directory of worldwide contacts (http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/set2/sas/f/handbook/contacts.html#phone).
Comments on the Documentation
We welcome any questions, comments, or suggestions that you have for the IBM Netezza
documentation. Please send us an e-mail message at netezza-doc@wwpdl.vnet.ibm.com
and include the following information:
The name and version of the manual that you are using
Any comments that you have about the manual
Your name, address, and phone number
We appreciate your comments on the documentation.
xxx
CHAPTER
1
Administration Overview
What’s in this chapter
Administrator’s Roles
Administration Tasks
Initial System Setup and Information
Administration Interfaces
Other Netezza Documentation
This chapter provides an introduction and overview to the tasks involved in administering
an IBM® Netezza® data warehouse appliance.
Administrator’s Roles
Netezza administration tasks typically fall into two categories:
System administration — managing the hardware, configuration settings, system status, access, disk space, usage, upgrades, and other tasks
Database administration — managing the user databases and their content, loading
data, backing up data, restoring data, controlling access to data and permissions
In some customer environments, one person could be both the system and database
administrator to perform the tasks when needed. In other environments, multiple people
may share these responsibilities, or they may own specific tasks or responsibilities. You can
develop the administrative model that works best for your environment.
In addition to the administrator roles, there are also database user roles. A database user is
someone who has access to one or more databases and has permission to run queries on
the data stored within those databases. In general, database users have access permissions
to one or more user databases, and they have permission to perform certain types of tasks
as well as to create or manage certain types of objects (tables, synonyms, and so forth)
within those databases.
Administration Tasks
The administration tasks generally fall into these categories:
Deploying and installing Netezza clients
Managing the Netezza appliance
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Managing system notifications and events
Managing Netezza users and groups
Database management
Loading data (described in the IBM Netezza Data Loading Guide)
Database backup and restore
Query history
Workload management
This guide describes these tasks and how to perform them using the various Netezza
administration UIs.
Initial System Setup and Information
A factory-configured and installed Netezza system includes the following components:
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A Netezza data warehouse appliance with pre-installed Netezza software
A preconfigured Linux operating system (with Netezza modifications) on one or both
system hosts. Netezza high-availability (HA) models have two hosts, while non-HA
models have one host.
A virtual server environment to run the Mantra compliance application.
Several preconfigured Linux users and groups, which should not be modified or
deleted.
The nz user is the default Netezza system administrator account. The Linux user is
named nz with a default password of nz. The Netezza software runs as this user,
and you can access the system using a command shell or remote access software
as the nz user.
Netezza HA systems also require a Linux user (hacluster) and two Linux groups
(hacluster and haclient) which are added automatically to the host during the
Heartbeat RPM installation. For more information, see “Linux Users and Groups
Required for HA” on page 4-19.
The MantraVM service uses the mantravm user and mantravm group which are
automatically added to the host during the MantraVM installation. For more information, see “MantraVM Users and Groups” on page 14-2.
A Netezza database user named admin (with a default password of password). The
admin user is the database super-user, and has full access to all system functions and
objects at all times. You cannot delete the admin user. You use the admin account to
start creating user databases and additional database user groups and accounts to
which you can assign appropriate permissions and access.
A preconfigured database group named public. All database users are automatically
placed in the group public and therefore inherit all of its privileges. The group public
has default access privileges to selected system views, such as lists of available databases, tables, and views. You cannot delete the group public.
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Initial System Setup and Information
Netezza Support and Sales representatives will work with you to install and initially configure the Netezza in your customer environment. Typically, the initial rollout consists of
installing the system in your data center, and then performing some configuration steps to
set the system’s hostname and IP address to connect the system to your network and make
it accessible to users. They will also work with you to perform initial studies of the system
usage and query performance, and may advocate other configuration settings or administration ideas to improve the performance of and access to the Netezza for your users.
Netezza Software Directories
The Netezza software is installed in several directories on the Netezza host as follows:
The /nz directory is the Netezza host software installation directory.
The /export/home/nz directory is a home directory for the nz user.
The Linux operating system boot directories.
The following sections describe these directories and their contents.
Host Software Directory
The Netezza host installation directory contains the following software directories and files.
/nz — The root of the Netezza software install tree. On a production host, the default
software installation directory is /nz. If you are a Linux user connected to the Netezza
host, include /nz/kit/bin and /nz/kit/bin/adm in your PATH.
/nz/data-> — A link to the current data directory.
/nz/kit-> — A link to the current kit of executables. The kit link points to the current
software revision in use.
/nz/data./ — System catalog and other host-side database files.
/nz/kit./ — The set of optimized executables and support files needed to run the
product. Note that the represents the revision of the software.
/nz/mantravm — The MantraVM service configuration files and executables.
/nz/tmp/ — Netezza temporary files.
/nzscratch — A location for Netezza internal files. This location is not mirrored. The
/nzscratch/tmp directory is the default temporary files directory, specified by the NZ_
TMP_DIR variable. It holds files created and used by the transaction manager and
other processes. The contents of NZ_TMP_DIR are deleted when the Netezza software
starts and when the Netezza system restarts. As a best practice, do not store large files
in /nzscratch or its subdirectories; if /nzscratch runs out of space, Netezza processes
could fail.
The data Directory
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The /nz/data directory contains the following subdirectories:
data./base — Contains system tables, catalog information and subdirectories for
the databases. Each database you create has its own subdirectory whose name
matches the database’s object ID value. For example, base/1/ is the system database,
base/2/ is the master_db database, and base/nnn is an end-user database, where nnn
is the object ID of the database.
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data./cache — Contains copies of compiled code that was dynamically generated
on the host, cross-compiled to run on the SPUs, then downloaded to the SPUs for execution. The copies are saved to eliminate extra steps and overhead when running
similar queries.
data./config — Contains configuration files such as callHome.txt, sendMail.cfg,
and system.cfg files. The callHome.txt is the callhome attachment file; sendMail.cfg
contains the configuration parameters for the sendmail program; system.cfg is the system’s configuration registry, which allows you to control and tune the system. Other
files may exist in this directory if the Netezza system uses options such as LDAP
authentication and other applications.
data./plans — Contains copies of the most recent execution plans for reference.
The system stores the execution plan (for each query) in a separate file with a .pln
extension, and includes the following information:
The original SQL that was submitted.
The plan itself, describing how the various tables and columns are to be accessed,
when joins, sorts, and aggregations are performed, and so on.
If the system was able to reuse a cached (already compiled) version of the code.
The system also generates a separate C program (.cpp file) to process each snippet of
each plan. The system compares this code against files in /nz/data/cache to determine
whether the compilation step can be skipped.
The kit Directory
The kit directory contains the following subdirectories:
kit./ — Top level directory for the release (for example, kit.6.0).
kit./bin/ — All user-level CLI programs.
kit./bin/adm — Internal CLI programs.
kit./log// — Component log files, one subdirectory per component —
containing a file per day of log information up to seven days. The information in the
logs includes when the process started, when the process exited or completed, and any
error conditions.
kit./ sbin — Internal host and utility programs not intended to be run directly by
users. These programs are not specifically prefixed (for example, clientmgr).
kit./share/ — Postgres-specific files.
kit./sys/ — System configuration files, startup.cfg and some subdirectories (init,
include, strings).
kit./sys/init/ — Files used for system initialization.
nz User’s Home Directory
The host software runs under a preconfigured Linux user named nz. The home directory for
the nz user is /export/home/nz. The default shell configuration file, in addition to standard
UNIX specifications, adds /nz/kit/bin to the PATH environment variable so that user nz can
automatically locate CLI commands.
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Linux Boot Directories
To ensure that the system starts the Netezza software when it boots, Netezza places some
entries in the init.d directory — a standard system facility for starting applications. As a
best practice, never modify the Linux operating system boot directories or files unless you
are directed to by Netezza Support or documented Netezza procedures. Changes to these
files can impact the operation of the host.
Managing the External Network Connections
During the onsite installation of the Netezza system, Netezza installation engineers will
work with you to configure your system using the site survey information prepared for your
environment. The initial setup process includes steps to configure the external network
connections (that is, the hostname and IP address information) of your Netezza system.
If you need to change the hostname or IP address information, do not use the general Linux
procedures to change this information. Contact Netezza Support for assistance to ensure
that the changes are using Netezza’s procedures to ensure that the changes are propagated
to the high availability configuration and related services.
Managing Domain Name Service (DNS) Updates
The Netezza server uses a domain name service (DNS) server to provide name resolution to
devices such as S-Blades within the system. This allows SPUs to have a DNS name (such
as spu0103) as well as an IP address.
To change the DNS settings for your system, use the nzresolv service to manage the DNS
updates. The nzresolv service updates the resolv.conf information on the Netezza host; for
highly-available Netezza systems (such as the IBM Netezza 1000, C1000, or IBM PureData System for Analytics N1001 systems), the nzresolv service updates the information on
both hosts. (You can log in to either host to perform the DNS updates.) You must be able to
log in as the root user to update the resolv.conf information; any Linux user such as nz can
display the DNS information using the show option.
Note: Do not manually edit the /etc/resolv.conf* files, even as the root user. Use the nzresolv service to update the files and to ensure that the information is maintained correctly
on the host(s).
Displaying the DNS Information
To display the current DNS information for the system:
1. Log in to the active host as a Linux user such as nz.
2. Enter the following command:
[nz@nzhost1 ~]$ service nzresolv show
Sample output follows:
search yourcompany.com
nameserver 1.2.3.4
nameserver 1.2.5.6
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Changing DNS Information
You update the DNS information using the nzresolv service. You can change the DNS information using a text editor, as well as read the DNS information from a file or enter it on the
command line. Any changes that you make take effect immediately (and on both hosts, for
HA systems). The DNS server uses the changes for the subsequent DNS lookup requests.
To change the DNS information:
1. Log in to either host as root.
2. Enter the following command:
[root@nzhost1 ~]# service nzresolv update
Note: If you use the service command to edit the DNS information, you must use vi as
the text editor tool, as shown in these examples. However, if you prefer to use a different text editor, you can set the $EDITOR environment variable and use the /etc/init.d/
nzresolve update command to edit the files using your editor of choice.
3. A text editor opens with the system’s DNS information:
# !!! All lines starting '# !!!' will be removed.
# !!!
search yourcompany.com
nameserver 1.2.3.4
nameserver 1.2.5.6
4. You can enter, delete, or change the information as required. When you finish,you can
save your changes and exit (or exit without saving the changes). For example, type one
of the following commands:
:wq to save the changes.
:q to exit the file.
:q! to exit without saving any changes you made in the file.
Use caution before changing the DNS information; incorrect changes can impact the operation of the Netezza system. Review any changes with the DNS administrator at your site to
ensure that the changes are correct.
Overwriting DNS Information with a Text File
information from an existing text file:
To change the DNS information by reading the
1. Log in to either host as root.
2. Create a text file with your DNS information. Your text file should have a format similar
to the following:
search yourcompany.com
nameserver 1.2.3.4
nameserver 1.2.5.6
3. Enter the following command, where file is the fully qualified pathname to the text file:
[root@nzhost1 ~]# service nzresolv update file
Appending DNS Information from the Command Prompt To change the DNS information by
entering the information from the command prompt:
1. Log in to either host as root.
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Administration Interfaces
2. Enter the following command (note the dash character at the end of the command):
[root@nzhost1 ~]# service nzresolv update -
The command prompt proceeds to a new line where you can enter the DNS information. Enter the complete DNS information, because the text that you type replaces the
existing information in the resolv.conf file.
3. After you finish typing the DNS information, type one of the following commands:
Control-D to save the information that you entered and exit the editor.
Control-C to exit without saving any changes.
Setting up Remote Access
Netezza systems are typically installed in a data center which is often highly secured from
user access and sometimes located in a geographically separate location. Thus, you may
need to set up remote access to the Netezza so that your users can connect to the system
through the corporate network. Common ways to remotely log onto another system through
a shell (Telnet, rlogin or rsh) do not encrypt data that is sent over the connection between
the client and the server. Consequently, the type of remote access you choose depends
upon the security considerations at your site. Telnet is the least secure and SSH (Secure
SHell) is the most secure.
If you allow remote access through Telnet, rlogin, or rsh, you can more easily manage this
access through the xinetd daemon (Extended Internet Services). The xinetd daemon starts
programs that provide Internet services. This daemon uses a configuration file,
/etc/xinetd.conf, to specify services to start. Use this file to enable or disable remote access
services according to the policy at your site.
If you use SSH, it does not use xinetd, but rather its own configuration files. For more information, see the Red Hat documentation.
Administration Interfaces
Netezza offers several ways or interfaces that allow you to perform the various system and
database management tasks:
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Netezza commands (nz* commands) are installed in the /nz/kit/bin directory on the
Netezza host. For many of the nz* commands, you must be able to log on to the
Netezza system to access and run those commands. In most cases, users log in as the
default nz user account, but you may have created other Linux user accounts on your
system. Some commands require you to specify a database user account, password,
and database to ensure that you have permissions to perform the task.
The Netezza CLI client kits package a subset of the nz* commands that can be run
from Windows and UNIX client systems. The client commands may also require you to
specify a database user account, password, and database to ensure that you have database administrative and object permissions to perform the task.
SQL commands. The SQL commands support administration tasks and queries within a
SQL database session. You can run the SQL commands from the Netezza nzsql command interpreter or through SQL APIs such as ODBC, JDBC, and the OLE DB Provider.
You must have a database user account to run the SQL commands with appropriate
permissions for the queries and tasks that you perform.
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NzAdmin tool. NzAdmin is a Netezza interface that runs on Windows client workstations to manage Netezza systems.
Web Admin. Web Admin is a Web browser client that users can access on the Netezza
system or a compatible Linux server to manage their Netezza systems.
Netezza Performance Portal. The Netezza Performance Portal is a Web browser client
that provides detailed monitoring capabilities for your Netezza systems. You can use
the portal to answer questions about system usage, workload, capacity planning, and
overall query performance.
The nz* commands are installed and available on the Netezza system, but it is more common for users to install Netezza client applications on client workstations. Netezza
supports a variety of Windows and UNIX client operating systems. Chapter 2, “Installing
the Netezza Client Software,” describes the Netezza clients and how to install them.
Chapter 3, “Using the Netezza Administration Interfaces,” describes how to get started
using the administration interfaces.
The client interfaces provide you with different ways to perform similar tasks. While most
users tend to use the nz* commands or SQL commands to perform tasks, you can use any
combination of the client interfaces, depending upon the task or your workstation environment, or interface preferences.
Other Netezza Documentation
The Netezza documentation set contains other documents which may help you in your dayto-day use of the Netezza system and features:
IBM Netezza Database User’s Guide — describes the Netezza SQL commands and how
to use them to create queries as well as how to create and manage database objects
IBM Netezza Data Loading Guide — describes how to load data into a Netezza system
IBM Netezza ODBC, JDBC and OLE DB Installation and Configuration Guide —
describes how to configure data connectivity clients to connect to your Netezza system
and run queries through the supported drivers
IBM Netezza Advanced Security Administrator’s Guide — describes how to manage
multi-level security, audit logging and history, and authentication within the Netezza
database
IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips — provides a high-level overview of Netezza appliances and concepts for the new user, plus an overview of the documentation set
IBM Netezza Software Upgrade Guide — describes how to upgrade the Netezza
software
IBM Netezza Release Notes — describes new features and changes in a Netezza software release, as well as a summary of known issues and fixes for customer-reported
issues
There are several Netezza documents that offer more specialized information about features or tasks. For more information, see the IBM Netezza Getting Started Tips guide.
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CHAPTER
2
Installing the Netezza Client Software
What’s in this chapter
Client Software Packages
Installing the Netezza CLI Client on a Linux/UNIX System
Installing the Netezza Tools on a Windows Client
Installing the Web Admin Interface
Clients and Unicode Characters
Client Timeout Controls
Netezza Port Numbers
Creating Encrypted Passwords
Using Stored Passwords
In most cases, the only applications that Netezza administrators or users need to install are
the client applications to access the Netezza system. Netezza provides client software that
runs on a variety of systems such as Windows, Linux, Solaris, AIX, and HP-UX systems. For
a description of the client applications, see “Administration Interfaces” on page 1-7.
This chapter describes how to install the Netezza CLI clients, NzAdmin tool, and Web
Admin interface. Note that the instructions to install and use the Netezza Performance Portal are in the IBM Netezza Performance Portal User’s Guide, which is available with the
software kit for that interface.
Note: This chapter does not describe how to install the Netezza system software or how to
upgrade the Netezza host software. Typically, Netezza Support works with you for any situations that might require software reinstallations, and the steps to upgrade a Netezza system
are described in the IBM Netezza Software Upgrade Guide.
If your users or their business reporting applications access the Netezza system through
ODBC, JDBC, or OLE-DB Provider APIs, see the IBM Netezza ODBC, JDBC and OLE DB
Installation and Configuration Guide for detailed instructions on the installation and setup
of these data connectivity clients.
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Client Software Packages
If you have access to IBM Passport Advantage or the IBM Fix Central downloads area, you
can obtain the Netezza client software. You must have support accounts with permission to
download the IBM Netezza software from these locations.
To access Passport Advantage, go to http://www-01.ibm.com/software/howtobuy/passportadvantage/ pao_customers.htm.
To access Fix Central, go to http://www-933.ibm.com/support/fixcentral/.
The client packages include
The IBM Netezza Client Components — there are client packages for the supported
client operating systems. The UNIX clients include interface software such as the CLI
and the ODBC/JDBC drivers.
The IBM Netezza Client Components — Windows package contains the interface software such as NzAdmin, some nz* commands, the ODBC/JDBC drivers, and the OLE-DB
Provider.
Table 2-1 lists the supported operating systems and revisions for the Netezza CLI clients.
Table 2-1: Netezza Supported Platforms
Operating System
32-bit
64-bit
Intel/AMD
Intel/AMD
Red Hat LAS Linux 4.0, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5, 6.1
Intel/AMD
Intel/AMD
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 8 and 9
Intel/AMD
Intel/AMD
IBM System z
IBM System z
Windows
Windows 2003, 2008, XP, Vista, 7
Linux
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 and 11,
and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.x
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Table 2-1: Netezza Supported Platforms (continued)
Operating System
32-bit
64-bit
SPARC
SPARC
x86
x86
HP-UX 11i versions 1.6 and 2 (B.11.22
and B.11.23)
Itanium
Itanium
IBM AIX 6.1 with 5.0.2.1 C++ runtime
libraries
PowerPC
PowerPC
UNIX
Oracle Solaris 8, 9, 10
Oracle Solaris 10
Note: The Netezza client kits are designed to run on the vendor’s proprietary hardware
architecture. For example, the AIX, HP-UX, and Solaris clients are intended for each vendor's proprietary RISC architecture. The Linux client is intended for RedHat or SUSE on the
32-bit Intel architecture.
Installing the Netezza CLI Client on a Linux/UNIX System
The Netezza UNIX clients contain a tarfile of the client software for a platform and an
unpack script. You use the unpack script to install the client nz* commands and their necessary files to the UNIX client system. Table 2-1 lists the supported UNIX client operating
systems.
Note: If you plan to install the Netezza client on Red Hat Linux and/or SUSE Linux clients,
note that the client system must have the libssl.so.4 and libcrypto.so.4 packages installed
before you install the Netezza client. These libraries can be obtained from the package
repositories of the operating system vendor. For the instructions to obtain the libraries and
install them, contact your operating system administrator and/or see the information available on the web site for your client operating system.
Installing on Linux/UNIX Clients
For Netezza clients, the process to install the CLI is the same across the supported Linux
and UNIX platforms. To install the clients:
1. Insert the IBM Netezza Client Components DVD into your client system’s DVD drive.
Note: Make sure that you use the client release that matches the Netezza software
release of your Netezza system. As a best practice, do not use Netezza clients to manage Netezza systems that have a different Netezza release.
Note: If you have downloaded the client package (nz-*client-version.archive) to a directory on your client system, change to that directory and use a command such as tar -xzf
nz-*client-verson.tar.z to untar the package. Proceed to step 5 to run the unpack
command.
2. Log in as a root or superuser account.
3. Depending upon the auto-mounter settings, you may need to mount the media drive.
For example, on Linux the command is similar to:
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mount /media/cdrom
or
mount /media/cdrecorder
Table 2-2 describes other common mount commands for the supported UNIX clients. If
you encounter any problems mounting or accessing the media drive on your client system, refer to your operating system documentation or command man pages.
Table 2-2: Sample UNIX CD/DVD Mount Commands
Platform
Command
Solaris
mount -o ro -F hsfs /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s2 /tmp/cdrom
HP-UX
To mount the disk:
pfs_mountd &
pfsd &
pfs_mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0 /cdrom
Export the library path, where the pathname is the location of the nz files.
Note that the location of the Netezza client files is /usr/local/nz or the location you choose to install them.
export SHLIB_PATH=//bin/lib
AIX
mount -v cdrfs -r /dev/cd0 /cdrom
4. To change to the mount point, use the cd command and specify the mount pathname
that you used in step 3. This guide uses the term /mountPoint to refer to the applicable
CD/DVD mount point location on your system, as used in step 3.
cd /mountPoint
5. Navigate to the directory where the unpack command resides and run the unpack command as follows:
./unpack
Note: On some UNIX systems such as Red Hat 5.3, the auto-mounter settings may not
provide execute permissions by default. If the unpack command returns a “permission
denied” error, you can copy the installation files from the disk to a local directory and
run the unpack command from that local directory.
Note: For installations on Linux, be sure to use the unpack in the linux directory, not
the linux64 directory (which contains only the executable for the 64-bit ODBC driver).
Note: On an HP-UX 11i client, /bin/sh may not be available. You can use the command
form sh ./unpack to unpack the client.
6. The unpack program checks the client system to ensure that it supports the CLI package and prompts you for an installation location. The default is /usr/local/nz for Linux,
but you can install the CLI tools to any location on the client. The program prompts you
to create the directory if it does not exist. Sample command output follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------IBM Netezza -- NPS Linux Client 7.0
(C) Copyright IBM Corp. 2002, 2012 All Rights Reserved.
------------------------------------------------------------------
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Installing the Netezza Tools on a Windows Client
Validating package checksum ... ok
Where should the NPS Linux Client be unpacked? [/usr/local/nz]
Directory '/usr/local/nz' does not exist; create it (y/n)? [y] Enter
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unpacking complete.
After the installation completes, the Netezza CLI commands will be installed to the specified destination directory. In addition, the installer stores copies of the software licenses in
the /opt/nz/licenses directory.
Setting the Path for Netezza CLI Client Commands
You can run most of the CLI commands from the Netezza client systems, except for nzstart
and nzstop which run only on the host Netezza system. For more information about the CLI
commands and their locations, see “Command Locations” on page 3-4.
To run the CLI commands on Solaris, you must include /usr/local/lib in your environment
variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH. Additionally, to use the ODBC driver on Linux, Solaris, or HPUX, you must include /usr/local/nz/lib, or the directory path to nz/lib where you installed the
Netezza CLI tools.
Removing the CLI Clients from UNIX Systems
To remove the client CLI kits from a UNIX system, change to the directory where you
installed the clients (for example, /usr/local/nz) and manually delete the nz commands.
Installing the Netezza Tools on a Windows Client
The IBM Netezza Client Components — Windows contains the Windows nzsetup.exe command which installs the IBM Netezza Windows client tools. The installation program
installs the NzAdmin tool, several nz* command line executables and libraries, online help
files, and Netezza guides in PDF format.
Installation Requirements
The installation package requires a computer system running a supported Windows operating system such as Windows 2003, XP (32- and 64-bit), VISTA (32-bit), 2008 (32- and
64-bit) and Windows 7 (32- and 64-bit). The client system must also have either a CD/DVD
drive or a network connection.
Note: If you will be using or viewing object names that use UTF-8 encoded characters, your
Windows client systems require the Microsoft universal font to display the characters within
the NzAdmin tool. The Arial Unicode MS font is installed by default on Windows XP systems, but you may need to run a manual installation for other Windows platforms such as
2003 or others. For more information, see the Microsoft support article at
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/help/hp052558401033.aspx.
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Installing the Netezza Tools
To install the Netezza tools on Windows:
1. Insert the IBM Netezza Client Components — Windows in your media drive and navigate to the admin directory.
Note: If you have downloaded the client package (nzsetup.exe) to a directory on your
client system, change to that directory.
2. Double-click or run nzsetup.exe.
This is a standard installation program that consists of a series of steps in which you
select and enter information used to configure the installation. You can cancel the
installation at any time.
The installation program displays a license agreement, which you must accept to install the
client tools. It also allows you to specify the following information:
Destination folder — You can use the default installation folder or specify an alternative location. The default folder is C:\Program Files\IBM Netezza Tools. If you choose a
different folder, the installation program creates the folder if one does not exist.
Setup type — Select the type of installation: typical, minimal, or custom.
Typical — Installs the nzadmin program, the help file, the documentation, and the
console utilities, including the loader.
Minimal — Installs the nzadmin program and help files.
Custom — Displays a screen where you can select to install any combination of the
administration application, console applications, or documentation.
After you complete the selections and review the installation options, the client installer
creates the Netezza Tools folder, which has several subfolders. You cannot change the subfolder names or locations.
Bin — Executables and support files
Doc — Copies of the Netezza user guides and an Acrobat Index to search the doc set
Help — Application help files
jre — Java runtime environment files for the Netezza tools
sys — Application string files
Uninstall Netezza Tools — Files to remove Netezza tools from the client system
The installation program displays a dialog when it completes, and on some systems, it
could prompt you to reboot the system before you use the application.
The installer stores copies of the software licenses in the installation directory, which is
usually C:\Program Files\IBM Netezza Tools (unless you specified a different location).
The installation program adds the Netezza commands to the Windows Start > Programs
menu. The program group is IBM Netezza and it has the suboptions IBM Netezza Administrator and Documentation. The IBM Netezza Administrator command starts the NzAdmin
tool. The Documentation command lists the PDFs of the installed documentation.
Note: To use the commands in the bin directory, you must open a Windows command line
prompt (a DOS prompt).
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Environment Variables
Table 2-3 lists the operating system environment variables that the installation tool adds
for the Netezza console applications.
Table 2-3: Environment Variables
Variable
Operation
Setting
PATH
append
\bin
NZ_DIR
set
Installation directory (for example C:\Program Files\IBM
Netezza Tools)
Removing the IBM Netezza Tools
You can remove or uninstall the Windows tools using the Windows Add or Remove Programs
interface in the Control Panel. The uninstallation program removes all folders, files, menu
commands, and environment variables. The registry entries created by other Netezza applications, however, are not removed.
To remove the IBM Netezza Tools from a Windows client:
1. Click Start > Settings > Control Panel > Add or Remove Programs. (Note that the menu
options can vary with each Windows operating system type.)
2. Select IBM Netezza Tools, then click Remove or Uninstall. The removal usually completes in a few minutes. Wait for the removal to complete.
3. Using the File Explorer, check the installation location (which is usually c:\Program
Files\IBM Netezza Tools). If the Windows client was the only installed Netezza software, you can delete the IBM Netezza Tools folder to completely remove the
application.
Installing the Web Admin Interface
The Netezza Web Admin interface is a web-based software package that lets you monitor
and administer a Netezza system using a web browser on client systems. The package consists of web server software and the web page files. Web Admin supports the following
browser applications:
Internet Explorer 7 and later versions
Firefox 3 and later versions
Typically, you install the Web Admin package on the Netezza host system. If you have a
high availability Netezza system, you can perform the installation instructions on both the
active and standby hosts so that Web Admin is available following a cluster migration or
failover.
If you would like to offload the Web Admin interface from the Netezza host, you could also
install it on a Linux Red Hat Enterprise version 5.x or 6.x system which has access to the
Netezza server. The Web Admin client requires certain Red Hat RPMs that can vary for
each Red Hat OS version, so the output could differ based on the version. If any required
packages are missing, the unpack script prompts you to cancel the installation so that you
can install the missing packages. If you continue the installation, the unpack script
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attempts to install the packages using the yum command. The yum command must be correctly configured to retrieve packages from your configured repositories. (Contact your Red
Hat administrator for questions about yum package management and package sources/
repositories in your environment.)
For more information about the Web Admin interface, see “Using the Web Admin Application” on page 3-20.
Installing the RPM and Shared Library Files
The Web Admin server package consists of standard RPM files that are consistent with the
Linux Advanced Server system currently installed on Netezza host machines. Netezza provides an additional shared library that connects to a Netezza system from the web server.
The installation script does the following:
Prompts for a directory into which to install the web files. The default location is
/usr/local/nzWebAdmin.
Installs any required RPMs and copies the shared library to the proper location. If an
RPM file is already installed, the installation script displays a message and proceeds to
the next installation step.
Creates an SSL site certificate, which is used when connecting to the Web Admin
server through secure sockets layer (SSL) protocols.
The installation script takes a conservative approach when installing the RPM set and
libpq.so library file. It does not alter or overwrite RPM packages or other files that exist on
the target system. Therefore, the script looks for any of the packages on the system, and, if
they exist, it skips that RPM or file, and moves on to the next.
Installing the Web Admin Server and Application Files
To install the Web Admin server and its application files:
1. On the Netezza host or another Linux system, insert the IBM Netezza Client Components — Linux/UNIX into the media drive.
Note: If you have downloaded the Web Admin package (webadmin.package.tar.z) to a
directory such as /tmp on your Linux system, change to that directory and use a command such as tar -xzf webadmin.package.tar.z to untar the package. Proceed to Step 5.
2. Log in as a root or superuser account.
3. Mount the disk using a command similar to the following:
mount /media/cdrom
or
mount /media/cdrecorder
If you are not sure which command to use, run the ls /media command to see which
pathname (cdrom or cdrecorder) appears.
4. To change to the mount point, use the cd command and specify the mount pathname
that you used in step 3. This guide uses the term /mountPoint to refer to the applicable
CD/DVD mount point location on your system, as used in step 3.
cd /mountPoint/webadmin
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5. Run the unpack command to add the software files to the system:
[root@nzhost1 ~]# ./unpack
The unpack script installs the software files for the Web Admin interface. During the
unpack process, you may be prompted for instructions to remove existing Web services
RPM packages, to choose whether to use SSL security for Web connections, and other
tasks. This sample output uses Enter to show that the user pressed the Enter key for these
types of prompts. Sample command output follows:
---------------------------------------------------------------------IBM Netezza -- NPS Web Admin 7.0
(C) Copyright IBM Corp. 2002, 2012 All Rights Reserved.
---------------------------------------------------------------------Validating package checksum ... ok
Directory '/usr/local/nzWebAdmin' does not exist; create it (y/n)? [y]
Enter
*********************************************************************
Unpacking WebAdmin files into: /usr/local/nzWebAdmin
*********************************************************************
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Installing web services RPMs ...
Preparing...
####################################
1:apr
#######################################
Preparing...
####################################
1:apr-util
######################################
Preparing...
####################################
package curl-7.15.5-2.el5.i386 is already installed
Preparing...
####################################
1:distcache
######################################
Preparing...
####################################
package expat-1.95.8-8.2.1.i386 is already installed
Preparing...
####################################
1:freetype
######################################
Preparing...
####################################
1:gmp
#######################################
[Output abbreviated for documentation...]
1:postgresql-libs
######################################
Preparing...
####################################
1:unixODBC
#######################################
Do you want to support SSL only ? (y/n)? [y] Enter
[100%]
[100%]
[100%]
[100%]
[100%]
[100%]
[100%]
[100%]
[100%]
[100%]
[100%]
[100%]
[100%]
[100%]
[100%]
**********************************************************************
Previous odbc configuration moved to /etc/odbcinst.ini.30724
**********************************************************************
Starting httpd:
[
OK
]
Unpacking complete.
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The unpacking process automatically starts the Web Admin server. If you need to stop the
Web Admin server at any time, log in as root or a superuser account and use the following
command:
service httpd stop
To start the Web Admin server, log in as root or a superuser account and use the following
command:
service httpd start
Upgrading the Web Admin Interface
If you have installed an existing Web Admin client from a prior release, you can upgrade it
to a new version by removing the old Web Admin client (described in the next section) and
installing the new version.
Note: If you have both the Web Admin interface and the Netezza Performance Portal
installed on the same system and you want to upgrade the Web Admin interface, you must
remove the portal product first and then remove the Web Admin interface. You can then
install the new Web Admin client followed by the portal client software. For the instructions
to install and remove the portal software, see the IBM Netezza Performance Portal User’s
Guide.
To install the new Web Admin client, follow the steps described in the section “Installing
the Web Admin Server and Application Files” on page 2-8.
Removing the Web Admin Interface
You can remove or uninstall the Web Admin interface to remove it from the Linux system
entirely, or if you are planning to upgrade the client to a new version.
To remove the Web Admin interface from your Linux system:
1. Log in to the Linux system as the root user.
2. Change to the /usr/local/nzWebAdmin directory.
3. Run the following command to remove the software:
./uninstallwebclient
Note: During the removal, if you encounter errors that the httpd service failed to start, run
the ldconfig command and restart the httpd service (service httpd start).
Contents of the WebAdmin Directory
During the web server client installation, the installation script copies the software, documents, help files, RPM files, and scripts to the directory specified during the installation
(the default is /usr/local/nzWebAdmin).
This directory hierarchy must be maintained for the Web Admin interface and online help
to operate properly.
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Table 2-4 lists the directory structure.
Table 2-4: Directory Structure
Directory
Contents
/usr/local/nzWebAdmin/Admin
Web Admin software
/usr/local/nzWebAdmin/lib
libpq.so file
/usr/local/nzWebAdmin/RPMs/
LAS4 and RHEL5 subdirectories that contain packages
for the Linux operating system
/var/www/error
Contains error message files for the web server
/var/www/icons
Image files
Installing the Netezza SSL Site Certificate
When you access the Web Admin URL in a browser (https://hostname/admin.html), the
browser displays a warning message for the authentication certificate. The browser offers
you the option to permanently store the Netezza site certificate, which will suppress the
warning each time the site is accessed.
After you choose to install the certificate, a warning message should no longer appear when
connecting to the Web Admin interface.
Note: The hostname entered in the web address must match the name stored in the site
certificate. The hostname is detected by the setup script and is used when generating the
SSL certificate.
Clients and Unicode Characters
If you create object names which use characters outside the 7-bit-ASCII character range,
note that the nzsql command, the ODBC, JDBC, and OLE-DB drivers, the NzAdmin tool,
and the Web Admin interface all support the entering and display of those characters. On
Windows systems, users must ensure that they have appropriate fonts loaded to support
their character sets of choice.
Netezza commands that display object names such as nzload, nzbackup, and nzsession
can also display non-ASCII characters, but they must operate on a UTF-8 terminal or DOS
window to display characters correctly.
For UNIX clients, make sure that the terminal window in which you run these nz commands
uses a UTF-8 locale. The output in the terminal window may not align correctly.
Typically, Windows clients require two setup steps.
Note: This procedure is a general recommendation based on common practices. If you
encounter any difficulty with Windows client setup, refer to Microsoft Support to obtain the
setup steps for your specific platform and fonts.
1. Set the command prompt to use an appropriate True Type font that contains the
required glyphs. To select a font:
a. Select Start > Programs > Accessories.
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b. Right-click Command Prompt and then select Properties from the pop-up menu.
The Command Prompt Properties dialog box appears.
c. Select the Font tab. In the Font list, the True Type fixed width font(s) are controlled
by the registry setting HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows
NT\CurrentVersion\Console\TrueTypeFont.
On a standard US system, the font is Lucida Console (which does not contain UTF8 mapped glyphs for Kanji). On a Japanese system, the font is MS Gothic, which
contains those glyphs.
2. In a DOS command prompt window, change the code page to UTF-8 by entering the
following command:
chcp 65001
As an alternative to these DOS setup steps, the input/output from the DOS clients can be
piped from/to nzconvert and converted to a native code page, such as 932 for Japanese.
On a Windows system, the fonts that you use for your display must meet these following
Microsoft requirements as outlined on the Support site at http://support.microsoft.com/
default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;Q247815.
Client Timeout Controls
In some customer environments where users connect over VPNs to the Netezza appliance,
users may encounter issues where active SQL sessions time out due to VPN/TCP connection settings in the customer environment. For these environments, Netezza has added TCP
KEEPALIVE packet support with the following new settings in the /nz/data/postgresql.conf
file:
tcp_keepidle: The number of seconds between keepalive messages sent on an otherwise idle connection. A value of 0 uses the system default (7200 seconds). If users
report SQL client session disconnects, set this parameter to the recommended value of
900.
tcp_keepinterval: The number of seconds to wait for a keepalive response before
retransmitting the message. A value of 0 uses the system default (75 seconds).
tcp_keepcount: The number of retransmission attempts that must occur before the
connection is considered dead. A value of 0 uses the system default (9 attempts).
After you define (or modify) these settings in the postgresql.conf file, you must restart the
Netezza software to apply the changes.
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Netezza Port Numbers
The Netezza system uses the following port numbers or environmental variables for the CLI
commands and the NzAdmin tool. Table 2-5 lists the default ports and corresponding environment variables:
Table 2-5: Netezza Port Numbers for Database Access
Port
Environment Variable
Description
5480
NZ_DBMS_PORT
The postgres port for the nzsql command, NzAdmin
tool, ODBC, and JDBC.
5481
NZ_CLIENT_MGR_PORT
The port for the CLI and NzAdmin tool messaging.
5482
NZ_LOAD_MGR_PORT
(Prior to Release 3.1, this port handled loads. As of
Release 3.1, this port is not required.)
5483
NZ_BNR_MGR_PORT
The port for the nzbackup and nzrestore
commands.
Note: Netezza personnel, if granted access for remote service, use port 22 for SSH, and
ports 20 and 21 for FTP.
Changing the Default Port Numbers
For security or port conflict reasons, you can change one or more default port numbers for
the Netezza database access.
Be very careful when changing the port numbers for the Netezza database access. Errors
could severely impact the operation of the Netezza system. If you are not familiar with editing resource shell files or changing environment variables, contact Netezza Support for
assistance.
Before you begin, make sure that you choose a port number that is not already in use. To
check the port number, you can review the /etc/services file to see if the port number is
already specified for another process. You can also use the netstat | grep port command to
see if the designated port is in use.
To change the default port numbers for your Netezza system:
1. Log in to the Netezza host as the nz user.
2. Change to the /nz/kit/sys/init directory.
3. Create a backup of the current nzinitrc.sh file:
[nz@nzhost init]$ cp nzinitrc.sh nzinitrc.sh.backup
4. Review the nzinitrc.sh file to see if the Netezza port(s) listed in Table 2-5 that you want
to change are already present in the file. For example, you may find a section that looks
similar to the following, or you might find these variables defined separately within the
nzinitrc.sh file.
# Application Port Numbers
# ------------------------
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# To change the application-level port numbers, uncomment the
following lines,
# and then change the numbers to their new values. Note that these
new values
# will need to be set on clients as well.
#
#
#
#
#
NZ_DBMS_PORT=5480;
NZ_CLIENT_MGR_PORT=5481;
NZ_LOAD_MGR_PORT=5482;
NZ_BNR_MGR_PORT=5483;
NZ_RECLAIM_MGR_PORT=5484;
export
export
export
export
export
NZ_DBMS_PORT
NZ_CLIENT_MGR_PORT
NZ_LOAD_MGR_PORT
NZ_BNR_MGR_PORT
NZ_RECLAIM_MGR_PORT
If you do not find your variable(s) in the file, you can edit the file to define each variable and its new port definition. To define a variable in the nzinitrc.sh file, use the format NZ_DBMS_PORT=value; export NZ_DBMS_PORT as shown above.
Note: As a hint, you can append the contents of the nzinitrc.sh.sample file to the nzinitrc.sh file to create an editable section of variable definitions. You must be able to log
in to the Netezza host as the root user; then, change to the /nz/kit/sys/init directory and
run the following command:
[nz@nzhost init]$ cat nzinitrc.sh.backup nzinitrc.sh.sample
>nzinitrc.sh
5. Using a text editor, edit the nzinitrc.sh file. For each port that you want to change,
remove the comment symbol (#) from the definition line and specify the new port number. For example, to change the NZ_DBMS_PORT variable value to 5486:
#
#
#
#
NZ_DBMS_PORT=5486;
NZ_CLIENT_MGR_PORT=5481;
NZ_LOAD_MGR_PORT=5482;
NZ_BNR_MGR_PORT=5483;
NZ_RECLAIM_MGR_PORT=5484;
export
export
export
export
export
NZ_DBMS_PORT
NZ_CLIENT_MGR_PORT
NZ_LOAD_MGR_PORT
NZ_BNR_MGR_PORT
NZ_RECLAIM_MGR_PORT
6. Review your changes carefully to make sure that they are correct and save the file.
Note: If you change the default port numbers, some of the Netezza CLI commands may
no longer work. For example, if you change the NZ_DBMS_PORT or NZ_CLIENT_MGR_
PORT value, commands such as nzds, nzstate, and others could fail because they
expect the default port value. To avoid this problem, copy the custom port variable definitions in the nzinitrc.sh file to the /export/home/nz/.bashrc file. You can edit the
.bashrc file using any text editor.
7. To place the new port value(s) into effect, stop and start the Netezza server using the
following commands:
[nz@nzhost init]$ nzstop
[nz@nzhost init]$ nzstart
Specifying Non-Default NPS Port Numbers for Clients
If your Netezza system uses non-default port numbers, your client users must specify the
port number when they connect using commands such as nzsql, nzload, or using clients
such as NzAdmin. For example, if you change the NZ_DBMS_PORT number from the
default of 5480, your client users need to specify the new port value, otherwise their commands will return an error that they could not connect to the database server at port 5480.
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Some Netezza commands such as nzsql and nzload have a -port option that allows the user
to specify the DB access port. In addition, users could create local definitions of the environment variables to specify the new port number.
For example, on Windows clients, users could create an NZ_DBMS_PORT user environment
variable in the System Properties > Environment Variables dialog to specify the non-default
port of the Netezza system. For clients such as NzAdmin, the environment variable is the
only way to specify a non-default database port for a target Netezza system. For many systems, the variable name and value take effect immediately and are used the next time you
start NzAdmin. When you start NzAdmin and connect to a system, if you receive an error
that you cannot connect to the Netezza database and the reported port number is incorrect,
check the variable name and value to confirm that they are correct. You may need to reboot
the client system for the variable to take effect.
For a Linux system, you could define a session-level variable using a command similar to
the following:
$ NZ_DBMS_PORT=5486; export NZ_DBMS_PORT
For the instructions to define environment variables on your Windows, Linux, or UNIX client, refer to the operating system documentation for your client.
If a client user connects to multiple Netezza hosts that each use different port numbers,
those users may need to use the -port option on the commands as an override, or change
the environment variable’s value on the client before they connect to each Netezza host.
Creating Encrypted Passwords
Database user accounts must be authenticated during access requests to the Netezza database. For user accounts that use local authentication, Netezza stores the password in
encrypted form in the system catalog. For more information on encrypting passwords on the
host and the client, see the IBM Netezza Advanced Security Administrator’s Guide.
Note: Local authentication requires a password for every account. If you use LDAP authentication, a password is optional. During LDAP authentication, Netezza uses the services of
an LDAP server in your environment to validate and verify Netezza database users. For more
information on authentication, refer to “Logon Authentication” on page 8-17.
When using the Netezza CLI commands, the clear-text password must be entered on
the command line. Note that you can set the environment variable NZ_PASSWORD to
avoid typing the password on the command line, but the variable is stored in clear text
with the other environment variables.
To avoid displaying the password on the command line, in scripts, or in the environment variables, you can use the nzpassword command to create a locally stored
encrypted password.
Note: You cannot use stored passwords with ODBC or JDBC.
The nzpassword command syntax is:
nzpassword add -u user -pw password -host hostname
Where:
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The user name is the Netezza database user’s name in the Netezza system catalog. If
you do not specify the user name on the command line, the nzpassword command uses
the environment variable NZ_USER.
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The password is the Netezza database user’s password in the Netezza system catalog or
the password specified in the environment variable NZ_PASSWORD. If you do not supply a password on the command line or in the environment variable, the system
prompts you for a password.
The hostname is the Netezza host. If you do not specify the hostname on the command
line, the nzpassword command uses the environment variable NZ_HOST. You can create encrypted passwords for any number of user name/host pairs.
When you use the nzpassword add command to cache the password, note that quotation
marks are not required around the user name or password values. You should only qualify
the user name or password with a surrounding set of single-quote double-quote pairs (for
example, '"Bob"') in cases where the value is case-sensitive. If you specify quoted or
unquoted names or passwords in nzpassword or other nz commands, you must use the
same quoting style in all cases.
If you qualify a case-insensitive user name with quotes (for example '"netezza"'), the command may still complete successfully, but this is not recommended and not guaranteed to
work in all command cases.
After you type the nzpassword command, the system sends the encrypted password to the
Netezza host where it is compared against the user name/password in the system catalog.
If the information matches, the Netezza stores the encrypted information in a local
password cache, and displays no additional message.
On Linux and Solaris, the password cache is the file .nzpassword in the user’s
home directory. Note that the system creates this file without access permissions
to other users, and refuses to honor a password cache whose permission allows
other users access.
On Windows, the password cache is stored in the registry.
If the information does not match, the Netezza displays a message indicating that the
authentication request failed. The Netezza also logs all verification attempts.
If the database administrator changed a user password in the system catalog, the existing nzpasswords are invalid.
Using Stored Passwords
If client users use the nzpassword command to store database user passwords on a client
system, they can supply only a database user name and host on the command line. Users
can also continue to enter a password on the command line if displaying clear-text passwords is not a concern for security.
If you supply a password on the command line, it takes precedence over the environment
variable NZ_PASSWORD. If the environment variable is not set, the system checks the
locally stored password file. If there is no password in this file and you are using the nzsql
command, the system prompts you for a password, otherwise the authentication request
fails.
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In all cases — using the -pw option on the command line, using the NZ_PASSWORD environment variable, or using the locally stored password stored through the nzpassword
command — the Netezza compares the password against the entry in the system catalog
for local authentication or against the LDAP account definition. The authentication protocol
is the same, and the Netezza never sends clear-text passwords over the network.
In Release 6.0.x, note that the encryption used for locally encrypted passwords has
changed. In prior releases, Netezza used the Blowfish encryption routines; Release 6.0 now
uses the Advanced Encryption Standard AES-256 standard. When you cache a password
using a release 6.0 client, the password is saved in AES-256 format unless there is an
existing password file in Blowfish format. In that case, new stored passwords will be saved
in Blowfish format.
If you upgrade to a Release 6.0.x or later client, the client can support passwords in either
the Blowfish format or the AES-256 format. If you want to convert your existing password
file to the AES-256 encryption format, you can use the nzpassword resetkey command to
update the file. If you want to convert your password file from the AES-256 format to the
Blowfish format, use the nzpassword resetkey -none command.
Older clients, such as those for Release 5.0.x and those earlier than Release 4.6.6, do not
support AES-256 format passwords. If your password file is in AES-256 format, the older
client commands will prompt for a password, which can cause automated scripts to hang.
Also, if you use an older client to add a cached password to or delete a cached password
from an AES-256 format file, you could corrupt the AES-256 password file and lose the
cached passwords. If you typically run multiple releases of Netezza clients, you should use
the Blowfish format for your cached passwords.
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CHAPTER
3
Using the Netezza Administration Interfaces
What’s in this chapter
Netezza CLI Overview
SQL Command Overview
NzAdmin Tool Overview
Web Admin Overview
This chapter provides a high-level description of the Netezza administration interfaces,
such as the command line interface, NzAdmin, Web Admin interface, and the SQL
commands. This chapter describes how to access and use these interfaces. For information
about the Netezza Performance Portal, see the IBM Netezza Performance Portal User’s
Guide, which is available with the software kit for that interface.
Note: In general, the Netezza CLI commands are used most often to perform the various
administration tasks. Many of the tasks can also be performed using SQL commands or the
interactive interfaces. Throughout this guide, the primary task descriptions use the CLI
commands and reference other ways to perform the same task.
Netezza CLI Overview
You can use the Netezza command line interface (CLI) to manage the Netezza software,
hardware, and databases. Netezza Support may also ask you to run specific low-level diagnostic commands using the CLI to investigate problems. Through this guide, the Netezza
CLI commands are referred to as nz* commands.
The majority of the nz* commands reside on the Netezza host system. A few commands are
included with the Netezza client kits, and some additional nz* commands are available in
optional Support toolkits and other packages. This guide describes the default host and client nz* commands.
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Summary of Commands
Table 3-1 describes the nz* commands you can use to monitor and manage the Netezza
system. These commands reside in the /nz/kit/bin directory on the Netezza host. Many of
these commands are also installed with the Netezza client kits and can be run from a
remote client workstation.
Table 3-1: Command Line Summary
3-2
Command
Description
For more information…
nzbackup
Backs up an existing
database.
For command syntax, see “nzbackup” on
page A-7. For more information, see “Using
the nzbackup Command” on page 10-10.
nzcontents
For command syntax, see “nzcontents” on
Displays the revision
and build number of all page A-7. For more information, see “Software
Revision Levels” on page 6-1.
the executables, plus
the checksum of
Netezza binaries.
nzconvert
Converts character
encodings for loading
with the nzload command or external
tables.
For command syntax, see “nzconvert” on
page A-8. For more information, refer to the
IBM Netezza Database User’s Guide.
nzds
Manages and displays
information about the
data slices on the
system.
For command syntax, see “nzds” on page A-8.
nzevent
Displays and manages
event rules.
For command syntax, see “nzevent” on
page A-12. For more information, see
Chapter 7, “Managing Event Rules.”
nzhistcleanupdb
Deletes old history
information from a history database. This
command resides in
/nz/kit/bin/adm.
For command syntax, see “nzhistcleanupdb”
on page A-17. For more information, refer to
Chapter 11, “Query History Collection and
Reporting.”
nzhistcreatedb
Creates a history database with all its tables,
views, and objects for
history collection and
reporting. This command resides in
/nz/kit/bin/adm.
For command syntax, see “nzhistcreatedb” on
page A-20. For more information, refer to
Chapter 11, “Query History Collection and
Reporting.”
nzhostbackup
Backs up the host
information, including
users and groups.
For command syntax, see “nzhistcreatedb” on
page A-20.
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Table 3-1: Command Line Summary
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Command
Description
For more information…
nzhostrestore
Restores the host
information.
For command syntax, see “nzhostrestore” on
page A-24.
nzload
Loads data into database files.
For command syntax, see the IBM Netezza
Data Loading Guide.
nzodbcsql
A client command on
Netezza UNIX clients
that tests ODBC
connectivity.
See the IBM Netezza ODBC, JDBC, and OLE
DB Installation and Configuration Guide.
nzpassword
Stores a local copy of
the user’s password.
For command syntax, see “nzpassword” on
page A-33. For more information, see “Creating Encrypted Passwords” on page 2-15.
nzreclaim
Uses the SQL GROOM For command syntax, see “nzreclaim” on
page A-35. For more information, see “GroomTABLE command to
reclaim disk space from ing Tables” on page 9-18.
user tables, and also to
reorganize the tables.
nzrestore
Restores the contents
of a database backup.
For command syntax, see “nzrestore” on
page A-37. For more information, see “Using
the nzrestore Command” on page 10-22.
nzrev
Displays the current
software revision for
any Netezza software
release.
For command syntax, see “nzrev” on
page A-37. For more information, see “Software Revision Levels” on page 6-1.
nzsession
Shows a list of current For command syntax, see “nzsession” on
system sessions (load, page A-39. For more information, see “Managing Sessions” on page 9-21.
client, and sql). Supports filtering by
session type or user,
allows you to abort sessions, and change the
current job list for a
queued session job.
nzspupart
For usage information, see “nzspupart” on
Shows a list of all the
SPU partitions and the page A-43.
disks that support
them; controls regenerations for degraded
partitions.
nzsql
Invokes the SQL command interpreter.
For usage information, see Chapter 9, “Managing User Content on the Netezza Appliance.”
For command syntax, see the IBM Netezza
Database User’s Guide.
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Table 3-1: Command Line Summary
Command
Description
For more information…
nzstart
Starts the system.
For command syntax, see “nzstart” on
page A-47. For more information, see “Managing the System State” on page 6-6.
nzstate
Displays the current
system state or waits
for a specific system
state to occur before
returning.
For command syntax, see “nzstate” on
page A-48. For more information, see “Displaying the Current System State” on
page 6-3.
nzstats
Displays system level
statistics.
For command syntax, see “nzstats” on
page A-50. For more information, see “Displaying Netezza Statistics” on page 13-1.
nzstop
Stops the system.
For command syntax, see “nzstop” on
page A-53. For more information, see “Managing the System State” on page 6-6.
nzsystem
Changes the system
state or displays the
current system
information.
For command syntax, see “nzsystem” on
page A-55. For more information, see “Managing the System State” on page 6-6.
Command Locations
Table 3-2 lists the default location of the Netezza CLI commands and whether they are
available in the various UNIX or Windows client kits. Remember to add the appropriate bin
directory to your search path to simplify command invocation.
Table 3-2: CLI Command Locations
3-4
C:\Program
Files\Netezza
Tools\Bin
Default Location
/nz/kit/
bin
Platform
Netezza Linux
Host
Client
Solaris
Client
HP
Client
AIX
Client
Windows Client
nzbackup
—
—
—
—
—
nzhistcleanupdb
—
—
—
—
—
nzhistcreatedb
—
—
—
—
—
nzhostbackup
—
—
—
—
—
nzhostrestore
—
—
—
—
—
nzrestore
—
—
—
—
—
nzstart
—
—
—
—
—
/usr/local/nz/bin
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Table 3-2: CLI Command Locations
C:\Program
Files\Netezza
Tools\Bin
Default Location
/nz/kit/
bin
Platform
Netezza Linux
Host
Client
Solaris
Client
HP
Client
AIX
Client
Windows Client
nzstop
—
—
—
—
—
nzwebstart
—
—
—
—
—
nzwebstop
—
—
—
—
—
nzcontents
—
—
—
nzsql
—
nzreclaim
—
nzconvert
nzds
nzevent
nzhw
nzload
nzodbcsql
/usr/local/nz/bin
nzpassword
nzrev
nzsession
nzspupart
nzstate
nzstats
nzsystem
Netezza CLI Command Syntax
All Netezza CLI commands have the following top-level syntax options:
-h — Displays help. You can also enter -help.
-rev — Displays the program’s software revision level. You can also enter -V.
-hc — Displays help for the subcommand (if the command has subcommands).
Note: For many Netezza CLI commands you can specify a timeout. This is the amount of
time the system waits before abandoning execution of the command. If you specify a time-
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out without a value, the system waits 300 seconds. The maximum timeout value is 100
million seconds.
Using the Netezza Commands
To run an nz* command, you must have access to the Netezza system (either directly on
the Netezza KVM or through a remote shell connection) or you must have installed the
Netezza client kit on your workstation. If you are accessing the Netezza system directly, you
must be able to log in using a Linux account (such as nz).
While some of the nz* commands can operate and display information without additional
access requirements, some commands and operations require that you specify a Netezza
database user account and password. The account may also require appropriate access and
administrative permissions to display information or process a command.
Several examples follow.
To display the state of a Netezza system using a Windows client command:
C:\Program Files\Netezza Tools\Bin>nzstate show -host mynps -u user
-pw passwd
System state is 'Online'.
To display the valid Netezza system states using a Windows client command:
C:\Program Files\Netezza Tools\Bin>nzstate listStates
State Symbol
-----------initialized
paused
pausedNow
offline
offlineNow
online
stopped
down
Description
-----------------------------------------------------------used by a system component when first starting
already running queries will complete but new ones are queued
like paused, except running queries are aborted
no queries are queued, only maintenance is allowed
like offline, except user jobs are stopped immediately
system is running normally
system software is not running
system was not able to initialize successfully
Note: In this example, note that you did not have to specify a host, user, or password. The
command simply displayed information that was already available on the local Windows
client.
To back up a Netezza database (you must run the command while logged in to the
Netezza system, as this is not supported from a client):
[nz@npshost ~]$ nzbackup -dir /home/user/backups -u user -pw
password -db db1
Backup of database db1 to backupset 20090116125409 completed
successfully.
Specifying Identifiers in Commands
When you use the Netezza commands and specify identifiers for users, passwords, database names, and so on, you can pass normal identifiers unquoted on the Linux command
line. The Netezza server performs the appropriate case-conversion for the identifier.
However, if you use delimited identifiers, the supported way to pass them on the Linux
command line is to use the following syntax:
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SQL Command Overview
'\'Identifier\''
The syntax is single-quote, backslash, single-quote, identifier, backslash, single-quote, single-quote. This syntax protects the quotes so that the identifier remains quoted in the
Netezza system.
SQL Command Overview
Netezza database users, if permitted, can perform some administrative tasks using SQL
commands while they are logged in via SQL sessions. For example, users can do the
following:
Manage Netezza users and groups, access permissions, and authentication
Manage database objects (create, alter, or drop objects, for example)
Display and manage session settings
Manage query history configurations
Throughout this document, SQL commands are shown in uppercase (for example, CREATE
USER) to stand out as SQL commands. The commands are case-insensitive and can be
entered using any letter casing. Users must have Netezza database accounts and applicable object or administrative permissions to perform tasks. For detailed information about
the SQL commands and how to perform various administrative tasks using them, see the
IBM Netezza Database User’s Guide.
nzsql Command
The nzsql command is a SQL command interpreter. You can use it on the Netezza host or
on UNIX client systems to create database objects, run queries, and manage the database.
Note: The nzsql command is not yet available on Windows client systems.
To invoke the nzsql command, enter:
nzsql [options] [security options] [dbname [user] [password]]
Table 3-3 describes the nzsql command options. For detailed information about the command options and how to use the command, see the IBM Netezza Database User’s Guide.
Table 3-3: nzsql Command Options
Argument
Description
-a
Echoes all input from a script.
-A
Specifies unaligned table output mode (-P format=unaligned).
-c
Runs only a single query (or slash command) and exits.
-d
Specifies the database name to which to connect.
• If you do not specify -d, the nzsql command uses the environ-
ment variable NZ_DATABASE.
• If there is no environment variable and you do not specify -d,
the nzsql command prompts you for a database name.
-e
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Table 3-3: nzsql Command Options
Argument
Description
-E
Displays queries that internal commands generate.
-f
Executes queries from a file, then exits.
-F
Sets the field separator (default: “|” (-P fieldsep=).
-h
Displays this help.
-H
Specifies the HTML table output mode (-P format=html).
-host
Specifies the database server host.
-l
Lists available databases, then exits.
-n
Disables readline. Required when nzsql is used with an input
method such as Japanese, Chinese, or Korean
-o
Sends query output to file name (or |pipe).
-P var[=arg]
Sets printing option var to arg.
-port
Specifies the database server port (default: hardwired).
-pw
Specifies the database user password.
• If you do not specify -pw, the nzsql command uses the environ-
ment variable NZ_PASSWORD.
• If there is no environment variable and you do not specify -pw,
the nzsql command prompts you for a password.
-q
Runs quietly (no messages, only query output).
-r
Suppresses the row count displayed at the end of the SQL output.
-R
Sets the record separator (default: newline) (-P recordsep=).
-s
Specifies single step mode (confirm each query).
-S
Specifies single line mode (newline terminates query).
-t
Prints rows only (-P tuples_only).
-time
Prints the time taken by queries.
-T text
Sets HTML table tag options (width, border) (-P tableattr=).
-u
Specifies the database user name.
• If you do not specify -u, the nzsql command uses the environ-
ment variable NZ_USER.
• If there is no environment variable and you do not specify -u,
the nzsql command prompts you for a user name.
-V
3-8
Shows the version information and exits.
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Table 3-3: nzsql Command Options
Argument
Description
-v name=value
Sets the nzsql variable name to the specified value. You can specify one or more -v arguments to set several options, for example:
nzsql -v HISTSIZE=600 -v USER=user1 -v PASSWORD=password
-x
Turns on expanded table output (-P expanded).
-X
Does not read startup file (~/.nzsqlrc).
-securityLevel
Specifies the security level that you want to use for the session.
The argument has four values:
• preferredUnsecured — This is the default value. Specify this
option when you would prefer an unsecured connection, but
you will accept a secured connection if the Netezza system
requires one.
• preferredSecured — Specify this option when you want a
secured connection to the Netezza system, but you will accept
an unsecured connection if the Netezza system is configured
to use only unsecured connections.
• onlyUnsecured — Specify this option when you want an unse-
cured connection to the Netezza system. If the Netezza system
requires a secured connection, the connection will be rejected.
• onlySecured — Specify this option when you want a secured
connection to the Netezza system. If the Netezza system
accepts only unsecured connections, or if you are attempting
to connect to a Netezza system that is running a release prior
to 4.5, the connection will be rejected.
-caCertFile
Specifies the pathname of the root CA certificate file on the client
system. This argument is used by Netezza clients who use peer
authentication to verify the Netezza host system. The default
value is NULL which skips the peer authentication process.
Within the nzsql command interpreter, you can enter the following commands for help or to
execute a command:
\h — Help for SQL commands.
\? — Internal slash commands. See Table 3-4.
\g or terminate with semicolon — Execute a query.
\q — Quit.
nzsql Session History
The Netezza system stores the history of your nzsql session in the file $HOME/.nzsql_history. In interactive sessions, you can also use the up-arrow key to see the commands you
have executed.
By default, an nzsql batch session continues even if the system encounters errors. You can
control this behavior with the ON_ERROR_STOP variable, for example:
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nzsql -v ON_ERROR_STOP=
You do not have to supply a value; simply defining it is sufficient.
You can also toggle batch processing with a SQL script. For example:
\set ON_ERROR_STOP
\unset ON_ERROR_STOP
You can use the $HOME/.nzsqlrc file to store values, such as the ON_ERROR_STOP, and
have it apply to all future nzsql sessions and all scripts.
Displaying Database Information
You can use the nzsql internal slash commands to display information about databases and
objects. Table 3-4 describes some of the internal slash commands that display information
about objects or privileges within the database. You can display all the options using the \?
command within the nzsql interpreter.
Table 3-4: nzsql Internal Slash Commands
Argument
Description
\d