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Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 1 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Thoughts about Delphi, C#, .NET and Software Architecture. HOME OPEN SOURCE FLICKR ANALYTICS MVP Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel computing. 22:53:00 JORDI CORBILLA ARCHITECTURE , COMPUTING , LINUX , NETWORK , PARALLEL , RASPBERRY PI , RPI3 , SUPERCOMPUTER 60 COMMENTS In this quick article I will show you how to create your own Raspberry Pi cluster for parallel computing via MPI (Messaging Passing Interface) library. This is a nice summer project now that I'm free from my Master's duties until September and I have been wanting to build this for a while. Thanks to the low prices of the Raspberry Pi we 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 2 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... are now able to build this without spending too much. See below for the list of items you will need and price for the whole kit with 4 Pi's. The main decision behind this architecture is to choose which operating system and programming language to use to implement parallel computing. Because of my experience with HPC (High Performance Computing) and SGE (Sun Grid Engine) the best way to achieve this is by using either OpenMPI or MPICH3. These two are free open distributions, portable and very popular. As per the programming language, we have several alternatives: we could use c++, c#, python, etc. I could use winIoT for Rpi or simply a Linux distro. I'm a geek so I went for the latter as I do like interacting with command line interfaces, there is some beauty there that I can't explain :). So my decision is to use a Linux distribution as OS. In this case I'm choosing Raspbian Jessie which comes with some goodies installed by default and it will allow me to install all the components I need for my little project. The second decision to make is to choose the programming language. In this case I'm choosing Python as I'm very familiar with it, it has plenty of libraries available and a nice integration with MPI via mpi4py library. The other factor to take into account here is that I have two different models of RPi and I need to make sure that whatever I install on those will work well for both instances. I won't be able to install WinIoT to my old Rpi model A. Building the cluster of Rpi's The material that you will need is listed below with links included: 4 x Rpi 3 model B = 4 x £30 = £120 4 x 16Gb microSD card (Kingston) = 4 x £4.84 = £19.36 4 x USB to Micro USB Cable 0.5m = 4 x £0.88 = £3.5 2 x Multi-Pi Stackable Raspberry Pi Case = 2 x £13 = £26 1 x 5 port desktop switch = 1 x £6.49 = £6.49 5 x Ethernet patch cable 0.3m = 5 x £2.90 = £14.5 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 3 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... 1 x USB Hub = 1 x £2.53 = £2.53 Total = £192.38 (without considering delivery) *This is a common configuration but you can start with just 2 or 3 RPi's and keep adding hardware later on. Once all the components are assembled using the stackable case you should have something like the image below: 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 4 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Below the image of my cluster up and running (see configuration section for more): Configuring your cluster of RPi's The idea is to configure one of the RPi's and then just clone the SD card and plug it to the next Rpi. Here you'll find a summary description of the steps to do to get you up and running: 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 5 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Installing the OS Download Raspbian Jessie image. I had some trouble downloading the zip file so I used the torrent link instead. See the version used below (4.4) Download Win32DiskImager installer. We will use this to burn Raspbian image to our SD card. Download PuTTY SSH client to connect to our Rpi's. Once the OS image is downloaded, burn it to the SD card using Win32DiskImager: Plug the microSD card to the first Pi (my PiController in my case) and power it up. Plug the Ethernet cable and head back to your computer to access the Pi remotely. Open a command prompt (I'm using Win10 as my main computer) and type "ping raspberrypi". By default the Rpi's are named raspberrypi so they are easy 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 6 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... to spot in your network. Once you ping it, you will be able to see the ip address of the device. Save this IP address for later as we will use it in PuTTY. Launch PuTTY and type the IP address of the RaspberryPi: You should see something similar to the image below: 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 7 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... login as: pi and password: raspberry (each Rpi uses same login/password) Type: sudo raspi-config to configure our device: 1. Go to Expand File System 2. Go to Advanced Options -> HostName -> set it to PiController 3. Go to Advanced Options -> MemorySplit -> set it to 16. 4. Go to Advanced Options -> SSH -> Enable. 5. Finish and leave the configuration. 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 8 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Now we can start installing MPICH3 and MPI4PY. Notice that these steps take a while (> 4h) so arrange some free time for this beforehand: Installing MPICH3 Follow the steps below to install version 3.2 of MPICH: # ****************************** # These steps will allow you to install MPICH3 to your Raspbian Jessie distro # Jordi Corbilla # ****************************** # update the system sudo apt-get update # update packages sudo apt-get dist-upgrade # create the folder for mpich3 sudo mkdir mpich3 cd ~/mpich3 # download the version 3.2 of mpich sudo wget http://www.mpich.org/static/downloads/3.2/mpich-3.2.tar.gz 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 9 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... # unzip it sudo tar xfz mpich-3.2.tar.gz # create folders for mpi sudo mkdir /home/rpimpi/ sudo mkdir /home/rpimpi/mpi-install mkdir /home/pi/mpi-build # install gfortran sudo apt-get install gfortran # configure and isntall mpich sudo /home/pi/mpich3/mpich-3.2/configure -prefix=/home/rpimpi/mpi-install sudo make sudo make install # edit the bash script using nano editor that runs everytime the Pi starts cd .. nano .bashrc # Add the following to the end of the file # PATH=$PATH:/home/rpimpi/mpi-install/bin # to save the details press "CTRL + ^x" -> using CTRL 6 and x # press "y" and hit enter to leave. # Reboot the Pi sudo reboot # Test that MPI works mpiexec -n 1 hostname mpich3install.sh hosted with ❤ by GitHub view raw Once you've got everything installed you should see something like the image below: 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 10 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Installing MPI4PY Follow the steps below to install version 2.0 of MPI4PY: # ****************************** # These steps will allow you to install MPI4PY to your Raspbian Jessie distro # Jordi Corbilla # ****************************** # download mpi4py wget https://bitbucket.org/mpi4py/mpi4py/downloads/mpi4py-2.0.0.tar.gz #unzip the file sudo tar -zxf mpi4py-2.0.0.tar.gz # go to the directory cd mpi4py-2.0.0 # install python-dev package sudo aptitude install python-dev # run the setup python setup.py build sudo python setup.py install 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 11 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... # Set the python path export PYTHONPATH=/home/pi/mpi4py-2.0.0 # Test that MPI works on your device mpiexec -n 5 python demo/helloworld.py mpi4pyinstall.sh hosted with ❤ by GitHub view raw once installed you should see something like the image below: Now we have finished configuring the first RPi. Believe it or not if you reach this step and everything is working you should be proud of it. Now we will have to clone this SD card and place them into the other RPi's. 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 12 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Preparing the other RPi's As mentioned in the step above, bring the SD card to your main computer and save the content of the SD card using Win32DiskImager. Now copy this new image to the other SD cards. You should have now 4 SD cards with the same image. As now we have 4 cloned SD cards, my advice is to plug every Rpi individually and change the host name of every new added Rpi into the network, e.g. pi01, pi02, pi03, etc. Do the following for every new RPi added into the network: pi01: scan the network for a newly added device to find its IP address using a network scanner. Once found, use PuTTY to access it and use the commands below to set it up: Type: sudo raspi-config to configure our device: 1. Go to Expand File System 2. Go to Advanced Options -> HostName -> set it to pi01 3. Go to Advanced Options -> MemorySplit -> set it to 16. 4. Go to Advanced Options -> SSH -> Enable. 5. Finish and leave the configuration. 6. sudo reboot. Do the same for pi02 and pi03. Note that you can name your RPis the way you want. Once done you should be able to see them all 4 using PuTTY: 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 13 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Once completed, each Rpi will have its own IP. We need now to store each IP address into a host file also known as machinefile. This file contains the hosts which to start the processes on. Go to your first RPi and type: nano machinefile and add the following IP addresses: (Note that you will have to add your own): 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 14 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... This will be used by the MPICH3 to communicate and send/receive messages between various nodes. Configuring SSH keys for each RPi Now we need to be able to command each RPi without using users/passwords. To do this we will have to generate SSH keys for each RPi and then share each key to each device under authorised devices. This is the way MPI will be able to talk to each device without worrying about credentials. This process is a bit tedious but once completed you will be able to run MPI without problems. 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 15 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Run the following commands from the first Pi (PiController): # ****************************** # These steps will allow you to configure SSH on every device # Run the commands below from PiController device # Jordi Corbilla # ****************************** # PiController (192.168.1.74) ssh-keygen cd ~ cd .ssh cp id_rsa.pub PiController # pi01 (192.168.1.71) ssh pi@192.168.1.71 ssh-keygen cd .ssh cp id_rsa.pub pi01 scp 192.168.1.74:/home/pi/.ssh/PiController . cat PiController >> authorized_keys exit # pi02 192.168.1.73 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 16 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... ssh pi@192.168.1.73 ssh-keygen cd .ssh cp id_rsa.pub pi02 scp 192.168.1.74:/home/pi/.ssh/PiController . cat PiController >> authorized_keys exit # pi03 192.168.1.75 ssh pi@192.168.1.75 ssh-keygen cd .ssh cp id_rsa.pub pi03 scp 192.168.1.74:/home/pi/.ssh/PiController . cat PiController >> authorized_keys exit sshKeysRpi.sh hosted with ❤ by GitHub view raw When running the ssh-keygen just hit enter (if you don't want to add specific passphrase) and the RSA key will be generated for you automatically. Now we have configured the link between PiController to every single device but we still need to configure the other way around. So you will have to run the following commands from every individual device: # ****************************** # These steps will allow you to configure SSH on every device 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 17 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... # Jordi Corbilla # ****************************** # run this from PiController using PuTTY cd ~ cd .ssh scp 192.168.1.71:/home/pi/.ssh/pi01 . cat pi01 >> authorized_keys scp 192.168.1.73:/home/pi/.ssh/pi02 . cat pi02 >> authorized_keys scp 192.168.1.75:/home/pi/.ssh/pi03 . cat pi03 >> authorized_keys # run this from pi01 using PuTTY cd ~ cd .ssh scp 192.168.1.73:/home/pi/.ssh/pi02 . cat pi02 >> authorized_keys scp 192.168.1.75:/home/pi/.ssh/pi03 . cat pi03 >> authorized_keys # run this from pi02 using PuTTY cd ~ cd .ssh scp 192.168.1.71:/home/pi/.ssh/pi01 . cat pi01 >> authorized_keys scp 192.168.1.75:/home/pi/.ssh/pi03 . cat pi03 >> authorized_keys # run this from pi03 using PuTTY cd ~ cd .ssh scp 192.168.1.71:/home/pi/.ssh/pi01 . cat pi01 >> authorized_keys scp 192.168.1.73:/home/pi/.ssh/pi02 . cat pi02 >> authorized_keys # Inspect each authorized_keys file on each device and you will see the keys there for every device sshKeysIndividualRPi.sh hosted with ❤ by GitHub view raw open the authorized_keys files and you will see the additional keys there. Each 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 18 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... authorized_keys file on each device should contain 3 keys (as stated in the architecture diagram above). Now the system is ready for testing. Note that if your IP address changes, the keys will not be valid and the steps will have to be repeated. Testing the cluster At this point I will just include a small example for you to test that the cluster works as expected. Later on I will publish a more complex scenario with a refined configuration to maximise the power of the cluster. If everything is configured correctly, the following command should work correctly: mpiexec -f machinefile -n 4 hostname 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 19 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... You can see that each Device has replied back and every key is used without problems. Now run the following command to test a helloworld example: mpiexec -f machinefile -n 4 python /home/pi/mpi4py-2.0.0/demo /helloworld.py You should see something like the image below: 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 20 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Now our system is ready to take any parallel computing application we want to develop. Watch this space for more!. Next steps I will be creating more complex scenarios and squeezing the architecture to test its limits. Soon more!. Give it a go and let me know if you face any problem during the set up. Jordi Share This: Facebook Twitter Google+ Jordi Corbilla I am a full stack Software Architect and I consider myself a problem solver with the ability of getting things to work. Having a keen eye on quality, 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 21 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... architecture and risks this lets me build good software. I am mainly interested in Delphi, .NET, Databases, AI, compilers, grammars, graphics and more mathematical stuff. If you like this page you could also visit me on twitter @thunderjordi and on Facebook. Related Posts: Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel computing. In this quick article I will show you how to create your own Raspberry Pi cluster for parallel computing via MPI (Messaging Passing Interface) li… Read More Home Newer Post Older Post 60 comments: Herbert Sauro 4 August 2016 at 02:44 I'll be interested to see how you get on with this, especially what kind of performance you get. Reply Replies Jordi Corbilla 4 August 2016 at 23:29 Hi Herbert, Sure, I'm still in the coding phase testing the cluster. Soon I'll share my results. Cheers, Jordi 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 22 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Reply akshay pai 7 April 2017 at 19:33 Great article. I had built one using 70 Raspberry Pis as my final year college project but they were made from Raspberry pi B+ models and we faced a lot of issues: sourcedexter.com/6common-errors-when-building-a-raspberry-pi-supercomputer/ . However, we succeeded in building it and also ran a multidocument text summarization algorithm on it. Reply Anonymous 25 May 2017 at 20:29 Thank you for this tutorial. I'm having a problem with the line scp 192.168.1.74:/home/pi/.ssh/PiController when I try to use that commmand I end up with usage: scp [-12346BCpqrv] [-c cipher] etc. etc. Any advice? Thanks! Reply Replies 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 23 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Anonymous 1 June 2017 at 04:27 I forgot the . at the end, it works when you include it. scp 192.168.1.74:/home/pi/.ssh/PiController . Reply Anonymous 4 June 2017 at 18:42 Good tutorial, hi i got a problem when i write the command ping raspberrypi, and it doesn't recognized this, any advice Reply Replies Jordi Corbilla 7 June 2017 at 11:18 you mean that it doesn't recognise the ping command? you might have to make sure your system32 folder is part of your path. Reply Ethernet Cables 7 July 2017 at 10:52 The article you have shared here very awesome. I really like and appreciated your work. I read deeply your article, the points you have mentioned in this article are useful Reply 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 24 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Replies Jordi Corbilla 7 July 2017 at 12:35 Many thanks. much appreciated. Reply Michael Goodwin 23 July 2017 at 06:36 Hi Jordi, very interested in this and keen to get started. The goal is less about parallel computing and more about having GNS3 on a cluster for my CCNA studies. I found this https://www.gns3.com /discussions/the-worlds-first-gns3-beowulf-cl and have had all kinds of dramas getting MPICH and MPI4PY installed. So I'll give this a go. If I get GNS 3 installed as a step just prior to the image creation/duplication.. would you expect any/many issues? I've posted questions on Jason's forum but alas he seemed to have dropped off the face of the earth in 2015 lol Reply Replies Jordi Corbilla 25 July 2017 at 16:57 Hi Michael, I don't expect many issues but you'll have to check the version and its dependencies as GNS 3 might require a different version that I used during my testing. Cheers, 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 25 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Jordi Reply Michael Goodwin 23 July 2017 at 12:08 Hi, I get to the step where I install MPI4PI and this throws a spanner in the works: python setup.py build. It gives: Assembler messages: Fatal error: can't create build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/src/MPI.o: Permission denied error: command '/home/rpimpi/mpi-install/bin/mpicc' failed with exit status 1 Reply Replies Jordi Corbilla 25 July 2017 at 17:01 weird, are you running as root? Just make sure that you have permissions to write. It sounds like you don't have enough permissions there. cheers, Jordi Michael Goodwin 30 July 2017 at 11:07 Hi dude, yeah I just ch pwned that the mpi4py-2.0.0 and it all went swimmingly. Next step is to get GNS3 on one, then continue the rest.. then copy the image to the others and 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 26 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... see how we go Jordi Corbilla 31 July 2017 at 10:44 Excellent great to hear! Reply Anonymous 24 July 2017 at 03:53 Hello Jordi at what point should I plug my other pis into my network switch ? Reply Replies Jordi Corbilla 25 July 2017 at 17:00 Once you have cloned the SD cards, you can just keep plugging them in one by one and change the IP address on each one prior to connecting the next one. That should do. Cheers, Jordi Reply Michael Goodwin 31 July 2017 at 10:46 I know this is kind of unrelated to the mpich thing [got that bit working].. Anyone know how/where to get qemu-kvm for armhf 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 27 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... from? I've tried many places and sudo apt-get instal qemu-kvm [prereq for gns3-server] i get: Package qemu-kvm is not available, but is referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source E: Package 'qemu-kvm' has no installation candidate Any ideas? Reply Replies Jordi Corbilla 31 July 2017 at 12:18 I don't know if this package is available for ARM. Have you tried kvmtool? It's an alternative: https://github.com/clearlinux/kvmtool Reply Christinat Damien 27 August 2017 at 00:20 hi.. i got a small problem. all works fine exept this : when i plug a usb disk or other on node 2,3 .. master node dosen't will see it. is there a fix for it ? sorry for my english but i live in switzerland and i never has learn it... thanks for response Reply 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 28 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Replies Jordi Corbilla 2 October 2017 at 10:52 Hi Cristinat, this might be a problem with that USB, you might have to enable the USB form the Pi. Cheers, Jordi Reply Unknown 1 October 2017 at 10:30 can i use this to run SETI@home (BOINC). Does the BOINC Client use all 4 Pis? Reply Peter Wildbichler 1 October 2017 at 10:31 can i use this to run SETI@home (BOINC). Does the BOINC Client use all 4 Pis? Reply Replies Jordi Corbilla 2 October 2017 at 10:51 Hi Peter, I don't know if BOINC is able to get the cluster 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 29 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... altogether. You might have to run 4 individual BOINCs and then find a way to make the hardware available in some way. Cheers, Jordi Reply Anonymous 3 October 2017 at 06:24 Hello I've been going over this tutorial with 3 of my Raspberry Pis. I'm having an issue with authorized_keys. I have created them for each pi and each pi knows the key for the others. I've confirmed the keys are identical just in case. However, when checking if the configuration was successful with mpi, PiController works, but Pi01 and Pi02 are access denied. Was wondering if something was missing or perhaps I did something wrong? Reply Replies Anonymous 3 October 2017 at 11:38 Never mind. I realized I used the PiController, Pi01 and Pi02 files, not the .pub files Jordi Corbilla 3 October 2017 at 12:18 Cool that you could solve it. Usually it's 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 30 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... something like that as it's quite straightforward. Cheers, Jordi Reply Unknown 3 October 2017 at 12:31 For mpiexec -f machinefile -n 4 hostname I get... PiController Pi01 But Pi02 is never reached and eventually times out. However I can ssh to it through PiController and Pi02 can ssh to PiController. Any help in regards to this? Reply Replies Jordi Corbilla 4 October 2017 at 13:42 can you ping Pi02? Reply Unknown 8 October 2017 at 22:33 Hey, This is a great tutorial, absolutely love it, thanks man 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 31 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Reply Replies Jordi Corbilla 9 October 2017 at 10:38 Thanks, really happy you found it useful! Cheers, Jordi Reply cyril Marteau 16 November 2017 at 00:04 Hello Jordi, First of all, congrats for this post ! I have a project with a friend. Building a cluster of computer with an x86 architecture and we w'de like the Rpi as frontend. Do you think this might work ? If I install debian with mpich3 and openmpi packages on the computers ? Thank you in advance for your answer. Best regards Reply cyril Marteau 16 November 2017 at 00:06 Hello Jordi, Congrats for your post ! We have a project with a friend. To build a cluster of computers but we would like the raspberry pi 3 as frontend. Do you think it might be possible ? 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 32 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... If we install the two packages mpich3 and openmpi ? Thank you in advance for your answer ! Cyril Reply Replies Jordi Corbilla 17 November 2017 at 13:12 Hi Cyril, Yes, it should work. Cheers, Jordi Reply Anonymous 16 November 2017 at 07:50 Hi, great article and would love to put something like this together. Wanted to point out that the ssh keys aren't tied to IPs so you can reuse the keys even if IP changes. If it didn't work for you, it may have been due to the Host ssh keys changing. This happens when you reinstall the OS, but the individual user keys shouldn't be affected. Just make sure to clear out ~pi/.ssh/known_hosts file and you'll be good to go. Reply 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 33 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Helmut Hauck 16 November 2017 at 19:41 Hi Really an excellent tutorial. Thank you very much. Reply Replies Jordi Corbilla 17 November 2017 at 13:11 Many thanks Helmut! much appreciated! Reply Salvatore Mandaglio 26 November 2017 at 12:47 Hi Thank you for this tutorial. I followed every step and everything worked fine until the final cluster test. When i try to execute mpiexec -f machinefile -n 4 hostname i'm getting following error. Do you have any idea what i did wrong? [mpiexec@PiController] HYDU_parse_hostfile (/home/pi/mpich3 /mpich-3.2/src/pm/hydra/utils/args/args.c:319): unable to open host file: machinefile [mpiexec@PiController] mfile_fn (/home/pi/mpich3/mpich-3.2/src /pm/hydra/ui/mpich/utils.c:336): error parsing hostfile [mpiexec@PiController] match_arg (/home/pi/mpich3/mpich- 3.2/src/pm/hydra/utils/args/args.c:152): match handler returned error [mpiexec@PiController] HYDU_parse_array (/home/pi/mpich3 /mpich-3.2/src/pm/hydra/utils/args/args.c:174): argument matching returned error [mpiexec@PiController] parse_args (/home/pi/mpich3/mpich- 3.2/src/pm/hydra/ui/mpich/utils.c:1596): error parsing input array 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 34 of 44 [mpiexec@PiController] http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... HYD_uii_mpx_get_parameters (/home /pi/mpich3/mpich-3.2/src/pm/hydra/ui/mpich/utils.c:1648): unable to parse user arguments [mpiexec@PiController] main (/home/pi/mpich3/mpich-3.2/src /pm/hydra/ui/mpich/mpiexec.c:153): error parsing parameters Thanks in advance Salvi Reply Replies Jordi Corbilla 27 November 2017 at 14:36 Hi Salvi, Are you running this with elevated permissions? Cheers, Jordi Reply Armando Jipsion 26 November 2017 at 18:09 Hello Jordi Congratulations a great article, install the cluster without problems. I would like to know if the c and c ++ libraries can be integrated into the cluster You could indicate me where to download other examples to run them in the cluster Thank you Reply 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 35 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Replies Jordi Corbilla 27 November 2017 at 14:36 Hi Armando, I don't know which libraries are you referring to. Cheers, Jordi Reply Anonymous 15 December 2017 at 11:30 Dear all, thank you for the very well done instructions. Just want to ask you how to start all the nodes, wich is the command. When i launch my command from the master "./cpuminer ..." the other nodes doesn't listen this command, it seems that only my master is working. Thank you for any help. Reply Replies Anonymous 26 December 2017 at 00:48 Hi, correct machinefile: set PiController IP on the last line. And then: mpiexec -machinefile /home/pi/machinefile -n 3 ~/cpuminer-multi/./cpuminer ... Reply 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 36 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Jared McCart 23 December 2017 at 12:24 Hello Mr. Corbilla, great turoial. Only 1 of 3 tutorials that has allowed me to run MPI. !!!PROBLEM!!! INPUT: mpiexec -f machinefile -n 4 hostname OUTPUT: mpiexec: Error: unknown option "-f" Type 'mpiexec --help' for usage. Please advise. P.S. Happy Holidays in advance. Reply Replies Anonymous 26 December 2017 at 00:42 mpiexec -machinefile /home/pi/machinefile -n 4 hostname Jordi Corbilla 5 January 2018 at 11:56 thanks! Jared McCart 8 January 2018 at 02:43 Thank you, but this only gives me one host name witch is my PiController. INPUT mpiexec -machinefile /home/pi/machinefile -n 4 hostname 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 37 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... OUTPUT PiController PiController Picontroller Picontroller I have changed the order of IP adresses in the machinefile and it will only read the first IP and give that hostname 4 times. Jordi Corbilla 8 January 2018 at 11:18 Hi Jared, That behaviour is a bit weird. Can you test your machinefile with just 2 IPs? and see if the behaviour is the same? Cheers, Jordi Reply DIWAKAR DIWEDI 4 January 2018 at 11:07 This comment has been removed by the author. Reply Replies Jordi Corbilla 5 January 2018 at 11:53 Hi Diwakar, 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 38 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Have you configured correctly MPI on those nodes? You should only get 1 output in the master node. Cheers, Jordi DIWAKAR DIWEDI 10 January 2018 at 14:04 This comment has been removed by the author. Reply Anonymous 24 January 2018 at 14:37 Hi, What is the difference between a Beowulf cluster and an MPI cluster? Reply Shubham 19 February 2018 at 12:32 Hi First of all a great tutorial. I simply copy pasted it for further use. I am planning to build a 32 node nano super computer using raspberry pi3B models. My aim is not just to try out the rig for computational fluid dynamics but also for running certain codes through my web browser, say firefox. Right now I am in the process of buying the materials as a 32 node system will cost me about 100,000 INR. My main concern is as follows. 1. Can I use 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 39 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Ubuntu OS for the master as well as the slave nodes? 2. If I open a web browser through the master node and run my program/codes inside the browser will it be able to use the combined CPU power of all the nodes? Thanks in advance Reply Replies Jordi Corbilla 26 February 2018 at 16:10 Hi Shubham, For what you are after you have to follow a different approach, with the current design it won't work. I'm working towards this idea so, when I have it done I will publish it. Cheers, Jordi Reply Anonymous 7 March 2018 at 09:43 Hi Jordi, great tutorial, got the cluster running. Still being a python and raspberry NOOB I was wondering if you could help me out. I got cpuminer-multi running on the main node only I want to run it om all nodes in my cluster, could you tell me how I could accomplish this? 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 40 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Thanks, Simon Reply Replies Jordi Corbilla 7 March 2018 at 13:39 Hi Simon, You'll have to look into it. That package has different settings so probably there is help online talking about it. Cheers, Jordi Reply Anonymous 19 March 2018 at 18:57 Hi Jordi, You should look at this article. Someone is using your work. https://www.techworm.net/2018/03/learn-build-supercomputerraspberry-pi-3-cluster.html Reply Ahmad Ridwan 24 April 2018 at 06:40 Hi Jordi, 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 41 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Great tutorial! I got my cluster running. but can you give some of code or project that test performance of cluster (execution time) ? sorry for my english. Regards, Ahmad Ridwan Reply usb cables 9 May 2018 at 07:35 Nice post, Thanks for sharing with us Reply Anonymous 19 September 2018 at 03:39 Yay, I got mine to work. I had slightly older software as I was following a set of instructions very similar to this so when it came to the final test, I had to change the mpi4py version to the one I am using and it worked. I am so happy. Reply Comment as: Publish Notify me 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 42 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... (Messaging Passing ... Featured post Recent Posts Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel computing. In this quick article I will show you how to create your own Raspberry Pi cluster for parallel computing via MPI 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 43 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... ► 2013 (4) ► 2012 (16) ► 2011 (42) ► 2010 (82) ► 2009 (285) ► 2008 (46) 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM Creating a Raspberry Pi 3 Cluster - "Supercomputer", for parallel compu... 44 of 44 http://thundaxsoftware.blogspot.com/2016/07/creating-raspberry-pi-3-clu... Copyright © 2019 Random thoughts on coding and technology | Powered by Blogger | All code samples included in this blog are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Design by CrestaProject | Blogger Theme by Lasantha - PremiumBloggerTemplates.com | Distributed By Gooyaabi Templates 1/1/2019, 4:38 PM
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