RAM Megafunction User Guide
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RAM Megafunction User Guide 101 Innovation Drive San Jose, CA 95134 (408) 544-7000 www.altera.com Software Version: Document Version: Document Date: 7.0 2.0 March 2007 Copyright © 2007 Altera Corporation. All rights reserved. Altera, The Programmable Solutions Company, the stylized Altera logo, specific device designations, and all other words and logos that are identified as trademarks and/or service marks are, unless noted otherwise, the trademarks and service marks of Altera Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. All other product or service names are the property of their respective holders. Altera products are protected under numerous U.S. and foreign patents and pending applications, maskwork rights, and copyrights. Altera warrants performance of its semiconductor products to current specifications in accordance with Altera's standard warranty, but reserves the right to make changes to any products and services at any time without notice. Altera assumes no responsibility or liability arising out of the application or use of any information, product, or service described herein except as expressly agreed to in writing by Altera Corporation. Altera customers are advised to obtain the latest version of device specifications before relying on any published information and before placing orders for products or services. UG-MF9404-2.0 ii RAM Megafunction User Guide Preliminary Altera Corporation March 2007 Contents Chapter 1. About this Megafunction Device Family Support ......................................................................................................................... 1–1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1–2 Features of RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager ............................................................. 1–3 General Description of RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager ................................... 1–4 Resource Utilization and Performance of Single-Port RAM ...................................................... 1–6 Features of RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manger ............................................................... 1–7 General Description of RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager ................................... 1–7 Resource Utilization and Performance of Dual-Port RAM ........................................................ 1–9 Features of RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager ........................................................... 1–10 General Description of the RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager .......................... 1–10 Resource Utilization and Performance of the Tri-Port RAM ................................................... 1–11 Chapter 2. Getting Started Software and System Requirements ................................................................................................... 2–1 MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Customization ................................................................................. 2–1 Using the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager .......................................................................................... 2–2 The RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page Descriptions ................................... 2–3 The RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page Descriptions ................................. 2–11 The RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page Descriptions ................................. 2–22 Inferring Megafunctions from HDL Code .................................................................................. 2–28 Instantiating Megafunctions in HDL Code ..................................................................................... 2–28 Identifying a Megafunction after Compilation ............................................................................... 2–28 Simulation ............................................................................................................................................. 2–29 Quartus II Software Simulation ................................................................................................... 2–29 EDA Simulation .............................................................................................................................. 2–29 In-System Updating of Memory and Constants ............................................................................. 2–30 Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions ............................................................................... 2–31 Design Files ..................................................................................................................................... 2–31 Example for RAM: 1-PORT ........................................................................................................... 2–31 Generate the Single-Port RAM ................................................................................................ 2–31 Implement Single-Port RAM ................................................................................................... 2–38 Functional Results—Simulate the Single-Port RAM in the Quartus II Software ............ 2–40 Understanding the Simulation Results .................................................................................. 2–42 Functional Results—Simulate the Single-Port RAM in the ModelSim-Altera Software 2–44 Example for RAM: 2-PORT ........................................................................................................... 2–45 Generate the Dual-Port RAM .................................................................................................. 2–45 Implement Dual-Port RAM ..................................................................................................... 2–55 Functional Results—Simulate the Dual-Port RAM in Quartus II Software ..................... 2–56 Understanding the Simulation Results .................................................................................. 2–58 Functional Results—Simulate the Dual-Port RAM in the ModelSim-Altera Software .. 2–61 Altera Corporation iii Contents Example for RAM: 3-PORT ........................................................................................................... Generate the Tri-Port RAM ..................................................................................................... Implement the Tri-Port RAM .................................................................................................. Functional Results—Simulate the Tri-Port RAM in the Quartus II Software .................. Understanding the Simulation Results .................................................................................. Functional Results—Simulate the Tri-Port RAM in the ModelSim-Altera Software ..... Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 2–63 2–63 2–68 2–68 2–71 2–73 2–75 Chapter 3. Specifications Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 3–1 Ports and Parameters for the lpm_ram_dq Megafunction .............................................................. 3–1 Ports and Parameters for the altdpram Megafunction .................................................................... 3–6 Ports and Parameters for the altsyncram Megafunction ............................................................... 3–11 Ports and Parameters for the alt3pram Megafunction ................................................................... 3–20 iv RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation About this User Guide Revision History Date The table below displays the revision history for this user guide. Document Version Changes Made March 2007 2.0 ● Complete re-write of the Guide. September 2004 1.0 ● Initial Release. How to Contact Altera For the most up-to-date information about Altera® products, go to the Altera world-wide web site at www.altera.com. For technical support for this product, go to www.altera.com/mysupport. For additional information about Altera products, consult the following sources. Information Type Contact Technical support www.altera.com/mysupport/ Product literature www.altera.com (1) Altera literature services literature@altera.com FTP site ftp.altera.com Note to table: (1) Altera Corporation March 2007 You can also contact your local Altera sales office or sales representative. v RAM Megafunction User Guide Typographic Conventions Typographic Conventions This document uses the following typographic conventions. Visual Cue Meaning Bold Type with Initial Capital Letters Command names, dialog box titles, checkbox options, and dialog box options are shown in bold, initial capital letters. Example: Save As dialog box. bold type External timing parameters, directory names, project names, disk drive names, filenames, filename extensions, and software utility names are shown in bold type. Examples: fMAX, \qdesigns directory, d: drive, chiptrip.gdf file. Italic Type with Initial Capital Letters Document titles are shown in italic type with initial capital letters. Example: AN 75: High-Speed Board Design. Italic type Internal timing parameters and variables are shown in italic type. Examples: tPIA, n + 1. Variable names are enclosed in angle brackets (< >) and shown in italic type. Example:, .pof file. Initial Capital Letters Keyboard keys and menu names are shown with initial capital letters. Examples: Delete key, the Options menu. “Subheading Title” References to sections within a document and titles of on-line help topics are shown in quotation marks. Example: “Typographic Conventions.” Courier type Signal and port names are shown in lowercase Courier type. Examples: data1, tdi, input. Active-low signals are denoted by suffix n, e.g., resetn. Anything that must be typed exactly as it appears is shown in Courier type. For example: c:\qdesigns\tutorial\chiptrip.gdf. Also, sections of an actual file, such as a Report File, references to parts of files (e.g., the AHDL keyword SUBDESIGN), as well as logic function names (e.g., TRI) are shown in Courier. 1., 2., 3., and a., b., c., etc. Numbered steps are used in a list of items when the sequence of the items is important, such as the steps listed in a procedure. ■ Bullets are used in a list of items when the sequence of the items is not important. ● v • The checkmark indicates a procedure that consists of one step only. 1 The hand points to information that requires special attention. c A caution calls attention to a condition or possible situation that can damage or destroy the product or the user's work. w A warning calls attention to a condition or possible situation that can cause injury to the user. r The angled arrow indicates you should press the Enter key. f The feet direct you to more information on a particular topic. 2–vi RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 1. About this Megafunction Device Family Support The RAM megafunction supports the following target Altera® device families: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Altera Corporation March 2007 Stratix® III Stratix II Stratix II GX Stratix Stratix GX Cyclone® III Cyclone II Cyclone HardCopy® II HardCopy Stratix MAX® II MAX 3000A MAX 7000AE MAX 7000B MAX 7000S ACEX 1K® APEX™ II APEX 20KC APEX 20KE FLEX 10K® FLEX® 10KA FLEX 10KE FLEX 6000 1–1 RAM Megafunction User Guide Introduction Introduction As design complexities increase, the use of vendor-specific intellectual property (IP) blocks has become a common design methodology. Altera provides parameterizable megafunctions that are optimized for Altera device architectures. Using megafunctions instead of coding your own logic saves valuable design time. The Altera-provided functions offer more efficient logic synthesis and device implementation. You can scale the size of the megafunction by setting various parameters. The Quartus® II software provides three MegaWizard® Plug-In Managers that support single-port, dual-port, and tri-port RAM functionality. ■ ■ ■ RAM:1-PORT RAM: 2-PORT RAM: 3-PORT These plug-in managers are user view wizards and not the actual megafunctions. Table 1–1 shows the RAM megafunctions used when configuring through the RAM MegaWizard Plug-In Managers for different Altera device families. Table 1–1. RAM Megafunctions Used for Different Device Families (Part 1 of 2) Device RAM: 1-Port RAM: 2-Port RAM: 3-Port Stratix III Stratix II GX Stratix II Stratix Stratix GX Cyclone III Cyclone II Cyclone HardCopy® II HardCopy Stratix altsyncram(1) altsyncram(2) alt3pram 1–2 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 About this Megafunction Table 1–1. RAM Megafunctions Used for Different Device Families (Part 2 of 2) Device RAM: 1-Port RAM: 2-Port RAM: 3-Port MAX II MAX 3000A MAX 7000AE MAX 7000B MAX 7000S ACEX® 1K APEX® II APEX 20KE APEX 20KC FLEX® 10K FLEX 10KA FLEX 10KE FLEX 6000 lpm_ram_dq altdpram alt3pram Notes to Table 1–1: (1) (2) If the RAM block type is LC, the device uses the lpm_ram_dq megafunction. If the RAM block type is LC or if the RAM block type is MLAB with unregistered read input, the Stratix III device uses the altdpram megafunction. The MegaWizard Plug-In Manager chooses the right megafunction based on the selections you make in the wizard. This chapter describes the features, descriptions, and resource usage of the RAM MegaWizard Plug-In Managers. Features of RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager The RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager implements a single-port RAM function and offers many additional features, which include: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ f Altera Corporation March 2007 Configurable RAM block type Single clock or dual clock (input/output) modes Synchronous or asynchronous single-port RAM Additional port for Stratix III and Cyclone III devices that provides extra RAM features Read-During-Write option for Stratix III and Cyclone III devices For more information about new features supported by Stratix III devices, refer to the TriMatrix Embedded Memory Blocks in Stratix III Devices chapter of the Stratix III Device Handbook. 1–3 RAM Megafunction User Guide Features of RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager General Description of RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager The RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager is an easy-to-use GUI for configuring a single-port RAM. It provides different RAM block types for selection depending on the device you select. Refer to “Resource Utilization and Performance of Single-Port RAM” on page 1–6 for more details. The RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager allows you to specify either of two clocking modes: a single clock mode or a dual clock (input/output) mode. In single clock mode, the read and write operations are synchronous with the same clock. In the Stratix and Cyclone series of devices, a single clock with a clock enable controls all registers of the memory block. Dual clock (input/output) mode operates with two independent clocks: inclock (input clock for write operation) and outclock (output clock for read operation). The input clock controls all registers related to the data input to the memory block, including data, address, byte enables, read enables, and write enables. The output clock controls the data output registers. When you select either of the the Stratix and Cyclone series of devices, you can either select single clock or dual clock (input/output) mode for your single-port RAM. For other devices, you can only use dual clock mode for your single-port RAM. Regardless of device type you select, you must use dual clock mode if you select logic cells (LCs) as your RAM block type. Also, regardless of the clock mode used, asynchronous clears are available on output latches and output registers only if you use Stratix III or Cyclone III devices. For the Stratix and Cyclone series of devices, only synchronous RAM is supported. For other devices, you can use synchronous or asynchronous single-port RAM. Synchronous write operations into the memory block use the address[] and data[] ports, which are triggered by the rising edge of the inclock while the we (write enable) port is enabled. For asynchronous operation, the address[] and data[]signals must be valid at both edges of the write enable signal. Ideally, the values on the data and address lines should not be changed while the we port is active. 1–4 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 About this Megafunction For devices other than the Stratix and Cyclone series, you cannot access the clock enable ports, byte enable port or asynchronous clear port. These ports are only accessible for the Stratix and Cyclone series of devices, provided that LC is not selected. All types of memory blocks (except M512 and LCs) support byte enables that mask the input data, to ensure that only specific bytes of data are written. The unwritten bytes retain their previous written values. f For more information about byte enable supported by Stratix III devices, refer to the TriMatrix Embedded Memory Blocks in Stratix III Devices chapter of the Stratix III Devices Handbook. In addition to these ports, Stratix III and Cyclone III devices support the read enable port (rden) for single-port RAM. This port is supported by Stratix III and Cyclone III devices only, for all types of RAM block except for MLAB and LCs. Refer to Figure 1–1. The RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager also provides an additional feature, the Read-During-Write option, if you select either a Stratix III or Cyclone III device. This feature is not supported by Stratix III or Cyclone III devices when the LCs type of memory block is selected. When you select this option, you can determine whether the read value is Don't Care, New Data, or Old Data when reading during a simultaneous write to the same memory location. The data options vary depending on the RAM block type you selected. Altera Corporation March 2007 1–5 RAM Megafunction User Guide Features of RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Figure 1–1. Typical Single-Port RAM Block Diagram for Stratix III Devices Note (1) data[ ] q[ ] wren address[ ] byteena[ ] aclr rden Single-Port RAM Array inclock inclocken outclock outclocken Note to Figure 1–1: (1) This image shows only the common input ports for a typical single-port RAM for Stratix III devices when the altsyncram megafunction is used. Refer to “Ports and Parameters for the altsyncram Megafunction” on page 3–11 for all the input and output ports. Resource Utilization and Performance of Single-Port RAM The RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager uses either the altsyncram megafunction or the lpm_ram_dq megafunction to implement single-port RAM. The single-port RAM uses the following device resources: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 1–6 RAM Megafunction User Guide MLAB, M9K, or M144K in Stratix III devices M512, M4K, or M-RAM in Stratix series of devices (except Stratix III devices) M9K in Cyclone III devices M4K in Cyclone and Cyclone II devices Embedded System Blocks (ESB) in APEX II, and APEX 20KC devices DFFE primitives or latch arrays in FLEX 6000, MAX II, MAX 3000A, MAX 7000AE, MAX 7000B, and MAX 7000S devices Embedded Array Blocks (EAB) in ACEX 1K, FLEX 10K, FLEX 10KA, and FLEX 10KE devices Altera Corporation March 2007 About this Megafunction Features of RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manger The RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager implements a dual-port RAM function and offers many additional features, which include: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Simultaneous read and write access to memory cells Configurable RAM block type Different clock modes Error checking and correction feature for Stratix III devices Read-during-Write option for Stratix III and Cyclone III devices for each output port independently General Description of RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager The RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager is an easy-to-use GUI for configuring a dual-port RAM. The wizard allows you to specify either of two dual-port modes, a simple dual-port mode (one read port (rdaddress) and one write port (wraddress)) or a true dual-port mode (two read/write port (address_a and address_b)). The Stratix and Cyclone series of devices support both modes for the dual-port RAM. Other devices support only the simple dual-port mode for the dual-port RAM. If you select simple dual-port mode, its dual-addressing feature supports simultaneous read and write operations in the same clock cycle. The RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager allows you to specify different RAM block types depending on the device you select. Refer to “Resource Utilization and Performance of Dual-Port RAM” on page 1–9 for more details. Through the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager, you can configure different clock modes for your dual-port RAM: single clock mode, independent clock mode, input/output clock mode, read/write clock mode, and asynchronous mode. The availability of the clocking modes varies depending on the device you select. In single clock mode, the read and write operations are synchronous with the same clock. In independent clock mode, a separate clock is available for each port (A and B). Clock A controls all registers on the port A side, and clock B controls all registers on the port B side. In input/output clock mode, an input clock controls all registers data input to the memory block and the output clock controls the data output registers. Altera Corporation March 2007 1–7 RAM Megafunction User Guide Features of RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manger In read/write clock mode, a write clock controls the following write signals: ■ ■ ■ ■ Data-input Byte enable Write-address Write-enable registers Similarly, a read clock controls the following read signals: ■ ■ ■ Data-output Read-address Read-enable registers While in asynchronous mode, no clock is required. In this clocking mode, the write operation depends only on the wren (write enable) signal. The read operation depends on the rden (read enable) signal. If an rden signal is not present, the rden port is connected to VCC by default. These clocking options are available for your selection depending on the device you target. The Stratix and Cyclone series of devices do not support asynchronous mode. f For more information about clocking modes supported by Stratix III devices, refer to the TriMatrix Embedded Memory Blocks in Stratix III Devices chapter of the Stratix III Device Handbook. Stratix III supports error checking and correcting features to check and correct single bit errors and detect double bit errors. The Error Correction Code (ECC) is supported for dual-port RAM in simple dual-port mode (one read/one write mode) with M144K RAM block type only. f For more information about ECC support, refer to the TriMatrix Embedded Memory Blocks in Stratix III Devices chapter of the Stratix III Device Handbook. For dual-port RAM, a read enable feature is supported by all Altera devices for all types of RAM block except MRAM and MLAB. Read enable is not supported for the Stratix and Cyclone series of devices (except Stratix III and Cyclone III devices) with true dual-port mode. If you select a Stratix III or Cyclone III device in true dual-port mode, the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager provides an additional option: Read-during-Write options for port A and port B. When you select this option, you determine whether the read value during a simultaneous write operation to the same memory location is New Data or Old Data. See Figure 1–2. 1–8 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 About this Megafunction Figure 1–2. Typical True Dual-port Ram Block Diagram for Stratix III Devices Note (1) data_a[ ] q_a[ ] data_b[ ] q_b[ ] address_a[ ] address_b[ ] clock_a clock_b Dual-Port RAM Array rden_a rden_b wren_a wren_b Note to Figure 1–2: (1) This image shows only the common input ports for a typical true dual-port RAM for Stratix III devices. Refer to “Ports and Parameters for the altsyncram Megafunction” on page 3–11 for all the input and output ports. Resource Utilization and Performance of Dual-Port RAM The RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager uses either the altsyncram megafunction or the altdpram megafunction to implement dual-port RAM. The dual-port RAM uses the following device resources: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Altera Corporation March 2007 MLAB, M9K or M144K in Stratix III devices M512, M4K or M-RAM in Stratix series of devices (except Stratix III devices) M9K in Cyclone III devices M4K in Cyclone and Cyclone II devices DFFE primitives or latch arrays in FLEX 6000, MAX II, MAX 3000A, MAX 7000AE, MAX 7000B, and MAX 7000S devices Embedded System Blocks (ESB) in APEX II, and APEX 20KC devices Embedded Array Blocks (EAB) in ACEX 1K, FLEX 10K, FLEX 10KA, and FLEX 10KE devices 1–9 RAM Megafunction User Guide Features of RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Features of RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager The RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager implements a tri-port RAM function and offers many additional features, which include: ■ ■ ■ ■ Tri-addressing with one write port and two read ports Simultaneous read and write access to memory cells Configurable RAM block type Different clock modes General Description of the RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager The RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager is an easy-to-use GUI for configuring a tri-port RAM. This Plug-In Manager allows you to specify a tri-port RAM with one write port and two read ports. This tri-addressing feature supports simultaneous read and write access to a memory cell in which you can write to and read from different memory locations in the same clock cycle using a tri-port RAM. The RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager also allows you to specify different RAM block types, depending on your device. Refer to “Resource Utilization and Performance of the Tri-Port RAM” on page 1–11 for more details. Through the RAM: 3-Port MegaWizard Plug-In Manager, you can configure different clock modes for your tri-port RAM, such as single clock, dual clock, and asynchronous modes. In single clock mode, the read and write operations are synchronous with the same clock. In dual clock mode, you can either use separate clocks for read and write operation or use separate clocks for input and output. The tri-port RAM supports applications that require parallel data transfer in which two independent clock ports use different access rates for read and write operations. Refer to Figure 1–3. While in asynchronous mode, no clock is required. The write operation depends only on the wren (write enable) signal. The read operation depends on the rden (read enable) signal. If an rden signal is not present, the rden port is connected to VCC by default. The Stratix and Cyclone series of devices support all clock modes except asynchronous mode. 1–10 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 About this Megafunction Figure 1–3. Typical Tri-Port RAM Block Diagram for Stratix III Devices Note (1) data[ ] qa[ ] wraddress[ ] qb[ ] wren[ ] rdaddress_a[ ] rdaddress_b[ ] wrclock Tri-Port RAM Array rdclock rden_a rden_b aclr Note for Figure 1–3: (1) This image shows only the common input ports for a typical tri-port RAM for Stratix III devices. Refer to “Ports and Parameters for the alt3pram Megafunction” on page 3–20 for all input and output ports. Resource Utilization and Performance of the Tri-Port RAM The RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager uses the alt3pram megafunction to implement tri-port RAM. The tri-port RAM uses the following device resources: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Altera Corporation March 2007 MLAB, M9K or M144K in Stratix III devices M512, M4K or M-RAM in Stratix series of families (except Stratix III devices) M9K in Cyclone III devices M4K in Cyclone and Cyclone II devices DFFE primitives or latch arrays in FLEX 6000, MAX II, MAX 3000A, MAX 7000AE, MAX 7000B, and MAX 7000S devices Embedded System Blocks (ESB) in APEX II, and APEX 20KC devices Embedded Array Blocks (EAB) in ACEX 1K, FLEX 10K, FLEX 10KA, and FLEX 10KE devices 1–11 RAM Megafunction User Guide Features of RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager 1–12 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 2. Getting Started Software and System Requirements MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Customization The instructions in this section require the following hardware and software: ■ For Operating System support information, refer to the software support page of the Altera® website (www.altera.com). ■ The Quartus® II software version 7.0 or higher. The MegaWizard® Plug-In Manager creates or modifies design files that contain custom megafunction variations which can then be instantiated in a design file. The MegaWizard Plug-In Manager provides a wizard that allows you to specify options for single-port RAM, dual-port RAM, and tri-port RAM depending on the RAM MegaWizard Plug-In Manager you select. You can use the wizard to set the features of the RAM megafunctions in the design. Start the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager using one of the following methods: ■ ■ ■ On the Tools menu, click MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. When working in the Block Editor, in the Symbol window, click MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Start the stand-alone version of the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager by typing the following command at the command prompt: qmegawizr Altera Corporation March 2007 2–1 RAM Megafunction User Guide Using the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Using the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager This section provides descriptions of the options available on the individual pages of the RAM: 1-PORT, RAM: 2-PORT, and RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Managers. On page 1 of a MegaWizard Plug-In Manager, select Create a new custom megafunction variation, Edit an existing custom megafunction variation, or Copy an existing custom megafunction variation. This page identifies what you would like to do using the wizard. Figure 2–1 shows page 1 of a MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Figure 2–1. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager [Page 1] Page 2a is where you specify which MegaWizard you want to use. The RAM: 1-PORT, RAM: 2-PORT, and RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Managers are all located under Memory Compiler. You can also specify the family of device to use, the type of output file to create, and the name of the output file from the page. You can choose AHDL (.tdf), VHDL (.vhd), or Verilog HDL (.v) as the output file type. Also, you can check the Generate clear box netlist file instead of a default wrapper file (for use with supported EDA synthesis tools only) to generate a clear-box netlist if this option is available. This option is not shown if the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager does not support this feature. Figure 2–2 shows page 2a of a MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. 2–2 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Figure 2–2. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager [Page 2a] The RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page Descriptions Page 2a of the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager under Memory Compiler is where you select RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page 3 of the wizard is where you specify the device family, set the width of the data input/output bus, set the number of words of memory, select the RAM block type, and select the clock mode. 1 Altera Corporation March 2007 Beginning with page 3, from the Documentation button, you can launch the Quartus II Help for the single-port RAM, dual-port RAM, or tri-port RAM by selecting the Quartus II Megafunction Reference option. For some of the configurations you set, an option to generate a sample simulation waveform is available under the Documentation button. 2–3 RAM Megafunction User Guide Using the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Figure 2–3 shows page 3 of the RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Figure 2–3. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 1-PORT [Page 3] Table 2–1 shows the features and settings of the RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager page 3 options. Table 2–1. RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page 3 Options Function Description Currently selected device family: Specify which Altera device family to use. How wide should the 'q' output bus be? Specify the width of the output data bus. Note that you can manually enter a number that is not in the drop-down list. How many 8-bit words of memory? Specify the number of 8-bit words in the memory. 8-bit represents the width of the 'q' output bus that you set. You can set different widths of output data bus. Note that you can manually enter a number that is not in the drop-down list. What should the RAM block type be? Specify the RAM block type. The options available vary depending on the device you select. (1) 2–4 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Table 2–1. RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page 3 Options Function Description What clocking method would you like to use? Specify the clocking mode: single clock or dual clock. (2) Notes to Table 2–1: Associated Device or Devices Stratix III Stratix series (except Stratix III) Cyclone III Cyclone series (except Cyclone III) Other devices (1) Available RAM Block Type Options Auto/MLAB/M9K/M144K/LCs Auto/M512/M4K/M-RAM/LCs Auto/M9K/LCs Auto/M4K/LCs Auto/LCs (2) You must use dual clock mode for devices other than the Stratix and Cyclone series, or when you select LCs as your memory block type. Single- or dual-clock modes are only available for the Stratix and Cyclone series of devices. Page 4 of the RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager is where you specify input and output ports for registration, create a clock enable signal for each clock signal, a byte enable port, an asynchronous clear for the registered ports, and a read enable signal. Figure 2–4 shows page 4 of the RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Figure 2–4. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 1-PORT [Page 4] Altera Corporation March 2007 2–5 RAM Megafunction User Guide Using the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Table 2–2 shows the features and settings of the RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager page 4 options. Table 2–2. RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page 4 Options Function Which ports should be registered? Description The ports available for registration are data and wren input ports, address input port, and q output port. wren is only available for registration for the Stratix and Cyclone series of devices. You can use asynchronous mode by unregistering all of the ports under this section, but this feature is only supported by devices other than the Stratix and Cyclone series of devices. For the Stratix and Cyclone series of devices, you can only use synchronous mode because the input ports are forced to be registered. Create one clock enable signal for each clock signal. When turned on, a clock enable signal is created for each clock signal. All registered ports are controlled by the enable signal or signals. This option is only available for the Stratix and Cyclone series of devices, with all RAM block types except LCs. Create a byte enable port When turned on, a byte enable port is created. This option is only available for the Stratix and Cyclone series of devices, with all RAM block types except M512 and LCs. Supported data widths for the byte enable port are 5, 8, 9, and 10. 5 and 10 are the natively supported widths in MLAB and are only supported in the MLAB RAM block type. Create an 'aclr' asynchronous clear for the registered ports Asynchronously clear the input and/or output ports. This option is only available for the Stratix and Cyclone series of device. Asynchronous clears are available on output latches and output registers only for Stratix III or Cyclone III devices. This feature has no effect on input registers for the Stratix III, Stratix II, Cyclone III, Cyclone II, Hardcopy II, and Stratix II GX devices. This feature does, however, affect the input register when you select Cyclone, Stratix, Stratix GX, or Hardcopy Stratix devices. Create a 'rden' read enable signal Create a read enable signal to control read operation. This option is available only for Stratix III and Cyclone III devices with all RAM block types except MLAB and LCs. 2–6 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Page 5 of the RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager provides you the options to select the type of the q output data either as Old Data, New Data, or Don't Care when reading from memory during a simultaneous write to the same memory location. This feature is supported only by Stratix III and Cyclone III devices. This option allows you to determine the read data type when write and read operations occur simultaneously at the same memory address. Figure 2–5 shows page 5 of the RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Figure 2–5. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 1-PORT [Page 5] Altera Corporation March 2007 2–7 RAM Megafunction User Guide Using the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page 6 of the RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager is where you specify the initial content of memory, and select whether you want the In-System Memory Content Editor to capture and update content independently of the system clock. Figure 2–6 shows page 6 of the RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Figure 2–6. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 1-PORT [Page 6] Table 2–3 shows the features and settings of the RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager page 6 options. Table 2–3. RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page 6 Options Function Description Do you want to specify the initial content of the memory? Specify the initial content of the memory, leave it blank, or use Hexadecimal File (.hex) or a Memory Initialization File (.mif) for the memory content data. Allow In-System Memory Content Editor to capture and update content independently of the system clock Turn on to enable In-System Memory Content. This option is not available for dual clock mode, M512, MLAB, and LCs RAM block types. 2–8 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Page 7 shows the simulation libraries to properly simulate the generated design files. No input is required for this page. Figure 2–7. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 1-PORT [page 7] Altera Corporation March 2007 2–9 RAM Megafunction User Guide Using the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager On page 8 of the RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager, specify the types of files to be generated. Choose from the HDL wrapper file, .v, .inc, .cmp, .bsf, _inst.v, or _bb.v. The gray checkmark indicates a file that is automatically generated, and a red checkmark indicates an optional file. For most devices, you can check the _waveforms.html to generate a sample waveform summary based on the configuration you set through the wizard. Figure 2–8 shows page 8 of the RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Figure 2–8. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 1-PORT [page 8] 2–10 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started The RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page Descriptions On page 2a of the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager, under Memory Compiler, you can select RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Page 3 of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager is where you specify the device family, determine how the dual-port RAM is used, and specify the memory size as a number of words or as a number of bits. Figure 2–9 shows page 3 of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Figure 2–9. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 2-PORT [Page 3] Altera Corporation March 2007 2–11 RAM Megafunction User Guide Using the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Table 2–4 shows the features and settings of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager page 3 options. Table 2–4. RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page 3 Options Function Description Currently selected device family: Specify which Altera device family to use. How will you be using the dual port ram? Specify whether the dual-port RAM has one read port and one write port (simple dual-port mode), or two read/write ports (true dual-port mode). If you want to allow simultaneous read and write operations, specify simple dual-port mode. (1) How do you want to specify the memory Specify the memory size as a number of words, or as a number of bits. size? Note to Table 2–4: (1) For the Stratix and Cyclone series of devices, both simple and true-dual port modes are supported. For other devices, the RAM only supports simple dual-port mode. Simple dual-port mode supports simultaneous read and write operations because it has dedicated read address and write address ports for read and write operations Page 4 of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager is where you specify the memory capacity, set the width of read/write ports, and set the RAM block type. Figure 2–10 shows page 4 of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Figure 2–10. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 2-PORT [Page 4] 2–12 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Table 2–5 shows the features and settings of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager page 4 options. Table 2–5. RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page 4 Options Function Description How many 8-bit words of memory? Specify the number of 8-bit words in the memory. 8-bit represents the width of the output q data bus. Note that you can manually enter a number that is not in the drop-down list. Use different data widths on different ports Toggle the ability to specify different widths for the data input and output busses. Read/Write Ports Specify the width of the data input and output busses. Note that you can manually enter a number that is not in the drop-down list. What should the RAM block type be? Specify the RAM block type. The options available depend on the targeted device. (1) Notes to Table 2–5: (1) Available RAM Block Type Options Auto/MLAB/M9K/M144K/LCs Auto/M512/M4K/M-RAM/LCs Auto/M9K/LCs Auto/M4K/LCs Auto/LCs Device or Devices Stratix III Stratix series (except Stratix III) Cyclone III Cyclone series (except Cyclone III) Other devices In true dual-port mode, LCs/M512/MLAB are not available for selection. Altera Corporation March 2007 2–13 RAM Megafunction User Guide Using the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page 5 of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager is where you specify the clocking method, create read enable ports, create byte enable ports, and enable error checking and correcting features. Figure 2–11 shows page 5 of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Figure 2–11. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 2-PORT [Page 5] 2–14 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Table 2–6 shows the features and settings of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager page 5 options. Table 2–6. RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page 5 Options Function Which clocking method do you want to use? Description Three clocking mode are available: single clock, dual clock, and asynchronous mode. In single clock mode, the read and write operations are synchronous with the same clock. There are three dual clock modes: independent clock mode, input/output clock mode, and read/write clock mode. While in asynchronous mode, no clock is required. Only devices other than the Stratix and Cyclone series of device support asynchronous clocking mode. Create an 'rden' read enable signal Create read enable signal to control read operation. This option is not supported when using the Stratix and Cyclone series of devices (except Stratix III and Cyclone III devices) in true dual-port mode, or with MRAM memory block type. Also, it is not supported by Stratix III devices specifically, when you use the MLAB memory block type. Byte Enable Ports Create byte enable port for port A and or port B. This option is only available for the Stratix and Cyclone series of devices (unless the RAM block type is LCs). Supported widths for the byte enable port are 5, 8, 9, and 10. 5 and 10 are the natively supported widths in MLAB and are only supported in the MLAB RAM block type. Turn on to enable ECC on single-bit error correction and double-bit error Enable error checking and detection. correcting (ECC) to check and correct single bit errors and detect double bit errors This feature is only supported by Stratix III devices in simple dual-port mode with the M144K RAM block type. Altera Corporation March 2007 2–15 RAM Megafunction User Guide Using the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page 7 of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager is where you specify input and output ports for registration, create a clock enable signal for each clock signal, and create an asynchronous clear for the registered ports. Figure 2–12 shows page 7 of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Figure 2–12. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 2-PORT [Page 7] 2–16 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Table 2–7 shows the features and settings of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager page 7 options. Table 2–7. RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page 7 Options Function Which ports should be registered? Description The ports available for registration are write input ports, read input ports, and read output ports. You can use asynchronous mode by unregistering all of the ports under this section, but this feature is only supported by devices other than the Stratix and Cyclone series of device. For the Stratix and Cyclone series of devices, you can only use synchronous mode because the input ports are forced to be registered. Create one clock enable signal for each clock signal When checked, clock enable signal is created for each clock signal. All register ports are controlled by the enable signal. Create an 'aclr' asynchronous clear for the registered ports Asynchronously clear the input and/or output ports. Under More Options..., you can check available ports to set which port is to be clear when aclr is active. Page 8 of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager is where you specify the behavior of the q output when reading a memory location that is being written from the other port. You can set the q to retain the old memory content or “don’t care” if it is not important to your design. This page is only available for the Stratix and Cyclone series of devices. Figure 2–13 shows page 8 of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Altera Corporation March 2007 2–17 RAM Megafunction User Guide Using the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Figure 2–13. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 2-PORT [Page 8] Page 9 of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager is where you specify the type of the q output for different ports when reading during a simultaneous write to the same memory location. This option is dedicated to each input port A and port B. You can select Old Data or New Data for each port. 1 The option on page 8 of the wizard defines the data type of the output when input port A writes data and output port B reads data from the same memory location simultaneously. It also applied for the case when input port B writes data and output port A reads data from the same memory location simultaneously. On page 9 of the wizard, it defines the data type of the output when input port A writes data and output port A reads data from the same memory location simultaneously. The same case applied for input and output ports B. Only Stratix III and Cyclone III devices support this feature and is only available if you configure the RAM as a true dual-port RAM. 2–18 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Also, if you activate the byte enable feature to mask certain bytes (from page 5 of the wizard, Figure 2–11 on page 2–14), you can set the masked bytes to have value of “x”, instead of old data using the option provided on page 9 of the wizard. Figure 2–14 shows page 9 of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Figure 2–14. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 2-PORT [Page 9] Altera Corporation March 2007 2–19 RAM Megafunction User Guide Using the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page 10 of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager is where you specify the initial content of memory. You can leave it blank, or use Hexadecimal File (.hex) or a Memory Initialization File (.mif) for the memory content data. Figure 2–15 shows page 10 of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Figure 2–15. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 2-PORT [Page 10] 2–20 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started On page 12 of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager, specify the types of files to be generated. Choose from the HDL wrapper file, .v, .inc, .cmp, .bsf, _inst.v, or _bb.v. The gray checkmark indicates a file that is automatically generated, and a red checkmark indicates an optional file. For most devices, you can check the _waveforms.html to generate a sample waveforms summary based on the configuration you set through the wizard. Figure 2–16 shows page 12 of the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Figure 2–16. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 2-PORT [Page 12] Altera Corporation March 2007 2–21 RAM Megafunction User Guide Using the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager The RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page Descriptions On page 2a of the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager, under Memory Compiler, you can select RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Page 3 of the RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager is where you specify the device family, set the width of the data input/output bus, select the RAM block type, select the clock mode, and create read enable signals. Figure 2–17 shows page 3 of the RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Figure 2–17. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 3-PORT [Page 3] 2–22 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Table 2–8 shows the features and settings of the RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager page 3 options. Table 2–8. RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page 3 Options Function Description Currently selected device family: Specify which Altera device family to use. How wide should the 'data' input bus be? Specify the width of input/output data bus. Note that you can manually enter a number that is not in the drop-down list. How wide should the 'address' input bus be? Specify the width of the input address bus. Note that you can manually enter a number that is not in the drop-down list. What should the RAM block type be? Specify the RAM block type. The options available vary depending on your device selection. (1) Which clocking method do you want to use? Three clocking modes are available: single clock, dual clock, and asynchronous mode. In single clock mode, the read and write operations are synchronous with the same clock. There are two dual clock modes: separate clocks for read and write operations, and separate clocks for input and output. While in asynchronous mode, no clock is required. Only older devices support asynchronous clocking mode. Create an 'rden_a' read enable signal Create a read enable signal to control read operation for port A. (2) Create an 'rden_b read enable signal Create a read enable signal to control read operation for port B. (2) Notes to Table 2–8: Device or Devices Stratix III Stratix series (except Stratix III) Cyclone III Cyclone series (except Cyclone III) Other devices (1) Available RAM Block Type Options Auto/MLAB/M9K/M144K/LCs Auto/M512/M4K/M-RAM/LCs Auto/M9K/LCs Auto/M4K/LCs Auto/LCs (2) This feature is not available if the RAM block type is M-RAM. Altera Corporation March 2007 2–23 RAM Megafunction User Guide Using the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page 4 of the RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager is where you specify input and output ports for registration, create a clock enable signal for each clock signal, and create an asynchronous clear for the registered ports. Figure 2–18 shows page 4 of the RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Figure 2–18. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 3-PORT [Page 4] 2–24 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Table 2–9 shows the features and settings of the RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager page 4 options. Table 2–9. RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Page 4 Options Function Which ports should be registered? Description The ports available for registration are write input ports, two read input ports, and two read output ports. You can use asynchronous mode by unregistering all the ports under this section, but this feature is supported by devices other than the Stratix and Cyclone series of devices only. Create one clock enable signal for each clock signal When turned on, a clock enable signal is created for each clock signal. All register ports are controlled by the enable signal. Create an 'aclr' asynchronous clear for the registered ports Asynchronously clear the input and output ports. Under More Options..., you can check available ports to set which port is to be clear when aclr is active. Page 5 of the RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager is where you specify the initial contents of memory. You can leave it blank, or use Hexadecimal File (.hex) or a Memory Initialization File (.mif) for the memory content data. Figure 2–19 shows page 5 of the RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Altera Corporation March 2007 2–25 RAM Megafunction User Guide Using the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Figure 2–19. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 3-PORT [Page 5] On page 7 of the RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager, specify the types of files to be generated. Choose from the HDL wrapper file, .v, .inc, .cmp, .bsf, _inst.v, or _bb.v. The gray checkmark indicates a file that is automatically generated, and a red checkmark indicates an optional file. Figure 2–20 shows page 7 of the RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. 2–26 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Figure 2–20. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 3-PORT [Page 7] For more information about the ports and parameters for the RAM megafunctions, refer to the “Specifications” chapter. Altera Corporation March 2007 2–27 RAM Megafunction User Guide Instantiating Megafunctions in HDL Code Inferring Megafunctions from HDL Code Synthesis tools, including Quartus II integrated synthesis, recognize certain types of HDL code and automatically infer the appropriate megafunction when a megafunction can provide optimal results. The Quartus II software uses the Altera megafunction code when compiling your design, even though you may not have specifically instantiated a megafunction. The Quartus II software infers megafunctions because they are optimized for Altera devices, so their area usage, performance, or both may be better than those of generic HDL code. Additionally, you must use megafunctions to access certain Altera architecture-specific features, including memory, DSP blocks, and shift registers. These features provide improved performance when compared to basic logic elements. f Instantiating Megafunctions in HDL Code f Identifying a Megafunction after Compilation Refer to the Recommended HDL Coding Styles chapter in volume 1 of the Quartus II Handbook for specific information about your particular megafunction. When you use the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager to set up and parameterize a megafunction, it creates either a VHDL or Verilog HDL wrapper file that instantiates the megafunction (a black-box methodology). For some megafunctions, you can generate a fully synthesizable netlist for improved results with EDA synthesis tools, such as Synplify and Precision RTL Synthesis (a clear-box methodology). For more information about clear- and black-box methodologies, refer to the third-party synthesis support chapters in the Synthesis section of volume 1 of the Quartus II Handbook. During compilation with the Quartus II software, analysis and elaboration is performed to build the structure of you design. You can locate your megafunction in the Project Navigator window by expanding the compilation hierarchy and locating the megafunction by its name. Similarly, to search for node names within the megafunction using the Node Finder, in the Look in box, click Browse (...) and select the megafunction from the Hierarchy box. 2–28 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Simulation The Quartus II Simulator provides an easy-to-use, integrated solution for performing simulations. The following sections describe the simulation options. Quartus II Software Simulation With the Quartus II Simulator, you can perform two types of simulations: functional and timing. A functional simulation enables you to verify the logical operation of your design without taking into consideration the timing delays in the FPGA. This simulation is performed using only your RTL code. When performing a functional simulation, add only signals that exist before synthesis. You can find these signals with the Registers, Pre-Synthesis, Design Entry, or Pin filters in the Node Finder. The top-level ports of megafunctions are found using these three filters. In contrast, the timing simulation in the Quartus II software verifies the operation of your design with annotated timing information. This simulation is performed using the post place-and-route netlist. When performing a timing simulation, add only signals that exist after place-and-route. These signals are found with the post-compilation filter of the Node Finder. During synthesis and place-and-route, the names of RTL signals change. Finding signals from your megafunction instantiation in the post-compilation filter therefore may be difficult. To preserve the names of your signals during the synthesis and place-and-route stages, use the synthesis attributes keep or preserve. These are Verilog and VHDL synthesis attributes that direct analysis and synthesis to keep a particular wire, register, or node intact. Use these synthesis attributes to keep a combinational logic node so you can observe the node during simulation. f For more information about these attributes, refer to the Quartus II Integrated Synthesis chapter in volume 1 of the Quartus II Handbook. EDA Simulation For more information about EDA simulation, refer to the appropriate chapter (based on the tool you use) in the Simulation section in volume 3 of the Quartus II Handbook. The Quartus II Handbook chapters describe how to perform functional and gate-level timing simulations that include the megafunctions, with details about the files that are needed and the directories where the files are located. Altera Corporation March 2007 2–29 RAM Megafunction User Guide SignalTap II Embedded Logic Analyzer SignalTap II Embedded Logic Analyzer The SignalTap® II embedded logic analyzer provides a non-intrusive method of debugging the Altera megafunctions within your design. With the SignalTap II embedded logic analyzer, you can capture and analyze data samples for the top-level ports of Altera megafunctions while your system is running at full speed. To monitor signals from Altera megafunctions, configure the SignalTap II embedded logic analyzer in the Quartus II software, and include the analyzer as part of your Quartus II project. The Quartus II software then embeds the analyzer in your design in the selected device seamlessly. f In-System Updating of Memory and Constants For more information about using the SignalTap II embedded logic analyzer, refer to the Design Debugging Using the SignalTap II Embedded Logic Analyzer chapter in volume 3 of the Quartus II Handbook. FPGA designs are growing larger in density and are becoming more complex. Designers and verification engineers require more access to the design that is programmed in the device to identify, test, and resolve issues quickly and accurately. The In-System Updating of Memory and Constants capability of the Quartus II software provides you with a non-intrusive method of accessing your RAM within the Altera FPGA. With the In-System Memory Content Editor, you can capture, analyze, and update RAM data while your system is running at full speed. To gain access to your RAM megafunction, enable the In-System Updating of Memory and Constants feature within the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. The Quartus II software will then modify your RAM (in the background) so you have access to it while the FPGA is processing. You can read, write, or update the contents of your RAM multiple times without having to reconfigure your FPGA. This In-System Updating of Memory and Constants feature is not available for certain configuration through the MegaWizard. For example, this feature is not available when you select LCs as your RAM block type. f For more information about viewing and modifying internal memories and constants, refer to the In-System Updating of Memory and Constants chapter in volume 3 of the Quartus II Handbook. 2–30 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions This section presents three design examples that use RAM: 1-PORT, RAM: 2-PORT, and RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Managers to generate single-port RAM, dual-port RAM, and tri-port RAM respectively. As you go through the wizard, each page is described in detail. When you are finished with the examples, you can incorporate them into your overall project. Design Files The example design files are available in the Quartus II Project section on the Design Examples page in the Quartus II support page of the Altera website (www.altera.com). Select the Examples for RAM Megafunction User Guide link from the examples page to download the design file. Example for RAM: 1-PORT The objective of the examples is to implement and instantiate a single-port RAM using the RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. The RAM: 1-PORT example illustrates single clock with registered output mode. This example also shows the new features supported by Stratix III for RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager, such as the read enable signal to control read operation, and a special feature to allow you to set the behavior of the q output when reading during a simultaneous write to the same memory location. Verify the results you obtained at the end of this example with the expected simulation results provided. In this example, you perform the following activities: ■ ■ ■ Generate a single-port RAM using the RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Implement the single-port RAM by assigning the Stratix III device to the project and compiling the project Simulate the single-port RAM design Generate the Single-Port RAM To generate the single-port RAM, follow these steps: Altera Corporation March 2007 1. Open ram1p_DesignExample_ex1.zip and extract ram1p.qar to any working directory. 2. In the Quartus II software, open ram1p.qar and restore the archive file into your working directory. 2–31 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions 3. On the Tools menu, click MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Page 1 of the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager appears (Figure 2–21). Figure 2–21. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager [Page 1] 4. Select Create a new custom megafunction variation, and click Next. Page 2a appears. 5. On page 2a of the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager, make the following selections: a. In the Which device family will you be using? list, select Stratix III. b. Under Which type of output file do you want to create?, select Verilog HDL. c. Expand the Memory Compiler and select RAM: 1-PORT. d. For the name of the output file, type ram1p, or click Browse (...) to select the file from the project folder. Figure 2–22 shows page 2a after you have made these selections. 2–32 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Figure 2–22. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager—RAM: 1-PORT [Page 2a] Altera Corporation March 2007 6. Click Next. Page 3 appears. 7. Keep all of the default settings on page 3, as shown in Figure 2–23. 2–33 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions Figure 2–23. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager—RAM: 1-PORT [Page 3] 8. Click Next. Page 4 appears. 9. Check the boxes for 'q' output port, and Create an 'rden' read enable signal. Leave the other options as the default. Figure 2–24 shows page 4 after you have made these selections. 2–34 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Figure 2–24. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager—RAM: 1-PORT [Page 4] 10. Click Next. Page 5 appears. 11. In the What should the q output be when reading from a memory location being written to? list, select New Data. This is another feature supported only by Stratix III and Cyclone III devices. This feature allows you to set the behavior of the output q when reading during a simultaneous write to the same memory location. Figure 2–25 shows page 5 after you have made these selections. Altera Corporation March 2007 2–35 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions Figure 2–25. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager—RAM: 1-PORT [Page 5] 12. Click Next. Page 6 appears. 13. Keep the default settings on page 6 of the wizard, as shown in Figure 2–26. 2–36 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Figure 2–26. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager—RAM: 1-PORT [Page 6] 14. Click Finish. Page 8 appears. 15. On page 8 of the wizard, you can turn on any additional output files you want so they can be created for the project. The gray checkmark indicates files automatically generated; the red checkmark indicates those files you can select as you wish, as shown in Figure 2–27. Altera Corporation March 2007 2–37 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions Figure 2–27. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager—RAM: 1-PORT [Page 8] 16. Click Finish. The ram1p module is now built. Implement Single-Port RAM Next, assign the EP3SE50F484C2 device to the project and compile the project. 1. On the Assignments menu, click Settings. The Settings dialog box appears. 2. Under Category, select Device. 3. In the Family field, select Stratix III. 4. Under Target Device, ensure that Specific device selected in 'Available devices' list is selected. 5. In the Available devices: list, select EP3SE50F484C2. 2–38 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started 6. Leave all other variables as the default. Figure 2–28 shows the Settings dialog box after you have made these selections. Figure 2–28. Device Settings Dialog Box Altera Corporation March 2007 7. Click OK. 8. To compile the design, on the Processing menu, click Start Compilation, or, on the toolbar, click Start Compilation. 9. When the Full Compilation was successful message box appears, click OK. 2–39 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions Functional Results—Simulate the Single-Port RAM in the Quartus II Software Finally, simulate the design to verify the results. Set up the Quartus II Simulator by performing the following steps: 1. On the Processing menu, click Generate Functional Simulation Netlist. 2. When the Functional Simulation Netlist Generation was successful message box appears, click OK. 3. On the Assignments menu, click Settings. The Settings dialog box appears. 4. Under Category, select Simulator Settings. 5. In the Simulation mode: drop-down list, select Functional. 6. In the Simulation input: box, type ram1p_singleclk_regout_new.vwf, or Browse (...) to select the file from the project folder. 7. Select Run simulation until all vector stimuli are used. 8. Make sure that the Automatically add pins to simulation output waveforms and Simulation coverage reporting options are turned on. 9. Make sure that the Overwrite simulation input file with simulation results option is off. Figure 2–29 shows the Simulation Settings Dialog Box after you have made these selections. 2–40 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Figure 2–29. Simulator Settings Dialog Box 10. Click OK. 11. To run the simulation, on the Processing menu, click Start Simulation, or, on the toolbar, click the Start Simulation button. 12. When the Simulation was successful message box appears, click OK. 13. In the Simulation Report window, view the simulation waveforms to verify the results. Figure 2–30 shows the expected simulation results. Altera Corporation March 2007 2–41 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions Figure 2–30. Functional Waveform for Single Clock Mode with Registered Output for Single-Port RAM Understanding the Simulation Results In this example, you configured the RAM: 1-PORT to have the following properties: ■ ■ ■ ■ Single clock Registered output q read enable signal that is only supported by Stratix III and Cyclone III devices Output q holds New Data when reading during a simultaneous write to the same memory location The following section explains the simulation results corresponding to the configuration you set with the RAM: 1-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Figure 2–31 shows the first two write operations to the single-port RAM. Figure 2–31. Write Operations 2–42 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started The first data 4D and second data 70 are written into memory address 00 and 01 at 15 ns and 25 ns respectively, at the rising edge of the clock when wren is high. No data is read since rden is low. Figure 2–32 shows the read operations occurred after the write operations. Figure 2–32. Read Operations The first read operation occurs at 45 ns from memory address 01 (storing data 70) when rden is high, but the data appears on the output only at the next rising edge of the clock at 55 ns. Similarly, the second read operation occurs at 65 ns, but the data appears on the output one cycle later, at 75 ns. This delay is due to registered q output set with the wizard. If you want to override the delay, use unregistered q output. Figure 2–33 shows the read and write operations occurring at the same time. Figure 2–33. Read and Write Operations Occurring at the Same Time Altera Corporation March 2007 2–43 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions The read and write operations occur simultaneously at 85 ns, at memory address 01. As shown in Figure 2–31, the data value 70 was previously written to memory address 01, but this data is replaced by data value 42, when the write operation occurred at 85 ns, as shown in Figure 2–33. Because the read operation occurs at the same time as the write to memory location, either new data 42 or old data 70 may appear on the output. When using Stratix III or Cyclone III devices, you can configure the output behavior through the wizard to either output the old data or the new data in this case. Because you selected New Data from the wizard for this example, the new data 42 is read out at 95 ns. Functional Results—Simulate the Single-Port RAM in the ModelSim-Altera Software Simulate the design in ModelSim to compare the results of both simulators. This User Guide assumes that you are familiar with using ModelSim-Altera before trying out the design example. If you are unfamiliar with ModelSim-Altera, refer to the support page of the software products page of the Altera website (www.altera.com). On the support page for ModelSim-Altera on the Altera website, there are various links to topics such as installation, usage, and troubleshooting. Set up the ModelSim-Altera simulator by performing the following steps: 1. Unzip the ram1p_ex1_msim.zip file to any working directory on your PC. 2. Open the ram1p_msim.do file. Ensure that the Stratix III device library is located at the correct path in your PC; for example, C:/altera/70/modelsim_ae/altera/verilog/stratixiii. Change it to correct path if it is not. 3. Start ModelSim-Altera. 4. On the File menu, click Change Directory. 5. Select the folder in which you unzipped the files. Click OK. 6. On the Tools menu, click Execute Macro. 7. Select the ram1p_msim.do file and click Open. This is a script file for ModelSim that automates all necessary settings for the simulation. 8. Verify the results shown in the Waveform Viewer window. 2–44 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started You can rearrange signals, remove signals, add signals, and change the radix by modifying the script in ram1p_msim.do accordingly to match the order of the results in the Quartus II Simulator. Figure 2–34 shows the expected simulation results when running the design example in ModelSim-Altera. Compare the results obtained using the Quartus II simulator from Figure 2–30 on page 2–42. Figure 2–34. ModelSim Simulation Waveform for Single-Port RAM Example for RAM: 2-PORT The objective of the examples is to implement and instantiate a dual-port RAM using the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. The RAM: 2-PORT example illustrates a two read/write ports RAM (true dual-port mode) with single clock and unregistered outputs. This example also shows one of the features supported by Stratix III and Cyclone III devices for the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. This feature allows you to set the Read-During-Write behavior of the q_a and q_b outputs independently. Verify the results you obtain at the end of this example with the expected simulation results provided. In this example, you perform the following activities: ■ ■ ■ Generate a dual-port RAM using the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Implement the dual-port RAM by assigning the Stratix III device to the project and compiling the project Simulate the dual-port RAM design Generate the Dual-Port RAM To generate the dual-port RAM, perform the following steps: 1. Altera Corporation March 2007 Open ram2p_DesignExample_ex2.zip and extract ram2p.qar. 2–45 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions 2. In the Quartus II software, open ram2p.qar and restore the archive file into your working directory. 3. On the Tools menu, click MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Page 1 of the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager appears (Figure 2–35). Figure 2–35. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager [Page 1] 4. Select Create a new custom megafunction variation, and click Next. Page 2a appears. 5. On page 2a of the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager, make the following selections: a. In the Which device family will you be using? list, select Stratix III. b. Under Which type of output file do you want to create?, select Verilog HDL. c. Expand the Memory Compiler and select RAM: 2-PORT. d. For the name of the output file, type ram2p, or click Browse (...) to select the file from the project folder. e. Leave everything else as the default. Figure 2–36 shows page 2a after you have made these selections. 2–46 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Figure 2–36. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager—RAM: 2-PORT [Page 2a] 6. Click Next. Page 3 appears. 7. Under How will you be using the dual port ram?, select With two read/write ports. 8. Under How do you want to specify the memory size?, keep the default setting, As a number of words. Figure 2–37 shows page 3 after you have made these selections. Altera Corporation March 2007 2–47 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions Figure 2–37. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager—RAM: 2-PORT [Page 3] 9. Click Next. Page 4 appears. 10. Keep the default settings on page 4 of the wizard, as shown in Figure 2–38. 2–48 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Figure 2–38. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager—RAM: 2-PORT [Page 4] 11. Click Next. Page 5 appears. 12. Under Which clocking method do you want to use?, select Single Clock. 13. Check the box for Create an 'rden' read enable signal. Figure 2–39 shows page 5 after you have made these selections. Altera Corporation March 2007 2–49 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions Figure 2–39. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager—RAM: 2-PORT [Page 5] 14. Click Next. Page 7 appears. 15. Uncheck the Read output port(s) 'q_a' and 'q_b' 16. Keep the other settings as the default. Figure 2–40 shows page 7 after you have made these selections. 2–50 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Figure 2–40. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager—RAM: 2-PORT [Page 7] 17. Click Next. Page 8 appears. 18. Under How should the q_a and q_b outputs behave when reading a memory location that is being written from the other port?, select I don't care. Figure 2–41 shows page 8 after you have made this selection. Altera Corporation March 2007 2–51 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions Figure 2–41. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 2-PORT [Page 8] 19. Click Next. Page 9 appears. 20. Under Port A Read-During-Write Option, in the What should the q_a output be when reading from a memory location being written to? section, select New Data. Be sure that the option to Get x’s for write masked bytes instead of old data when byte enable is used remains unchecked. 21. Under Port B Read-During-Write Option, select Old Data. This is a new feature supported only by Stratix III and Cyclone III devices where you can set the Read-During-Write behavior of the outputs independently. Figure 2–42 shows page 9 after you have made these selections. 2–52 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Figure 2–42. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager—RAM: 2-PORT [Page 9] 22. Click Next. Page 10 appears. 23. Keep the default settings on page 10 of the wizard, as shown in Figure 2–43. Altera Corporation March 2007 2–53 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions Figure 2–43. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager—RAM: 2-PORT [Page 10] 24. Click Finish. Page 12 appears. 25. On page 12 of the wizard (Figure 2–44), you can turn on any additional output files you want so they can be created for the project. Otherwise, keep the default settings. 2–54 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Figure 2–44. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager—RAM: 2-PORT [Page 12] 26. Click Finish. The ram2p module is built. Implement Dual-Port RAM Implement the dual-port RAM in the same way you implemented the single-port RAM in the “Example for RAM: 1-PORT” on page 2–31. Refer to “Implement Single-Port RAM” on page 2–38 for instructions on how to assign settings for the design. These steps (assigning settings for the design) must be carried out before you generate the functional netlist. Altera Corporation March 2007 2–55 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions Functional Results—Simulate the Dual-Port RAM in Quartus II Software Finally, simulate the design to verify the results. Set up the Quartus II Simulator by performing the following steps: 1. On the Processing menu, click Generate Functional Simulation Netlist. 2. When the Functional Simulation Netlist Generation was successful message box appears, click OK. 3. On the Assignments menu, click Settings. The Settings dialog box appears. 4. Under Category, select Simulator Settings. 5. In the Simulation mode: list, select Functional. 6. In the Simulation input: box, type ram2p_singleclk_unregout_AnewBold.vwf or Browse (...) to select the file from the project folder. 7. Select Run simulation until all vector stimuli are used. 8. Make sure that the Automatically add pins to simulation output waveforms and Simulation coverage reporting options are turned on. 9. Make sure that the Check outputs and Overwrite simulation input file with simulation results options are off. Figure 2–45 shows the Settings dialog box after you have made these selections. 2–56 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Figure 2–45. Simulator Settings Dialog Box 10. Click OK. 11. To run the simulation, on the Processing menu, click Start Simulation. 12. When the Simulation was successful message box appears, click OK. 13. In the Simulation Report window, view the simulation waveforms to verify the results. Figure 2–46 shows the expected simulation results. Altera Corporation March 2007 2–57 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions Figure 2–46. Functional Waveform for Single Clock Mode with Unregistered Output for Dual-Port RAM Understanding the Simulation Results In this example, you configured the RAM: 2-PORT to have the following properties: ■ ■ ■ Single clock Unregistered q_a and q_b outputs The q_a and q_b outputs to have New Data and Old Data respectively when reading from a memory location that is simultaneously being written The following section explains how the simulation results correspond to the configuration you set with the RAM: 2-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Figure 2–47 shows the write operation and read operation for each port in the dual-port RAM. 2–58 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Figure 2–47. Write and Read Operations for Port A and Port B At 15 ns, data values 0B and 02 are written to memory addresses 00 and 01, respectively. Because you configured the RAM to have unregistered output in the design example, the data occurs on the output at the first rising edge of the clock after both rden_a and rden_b become high. The rden signals rise at 20 ns, and the following rising edge of the clock occurs at 25 ns. At 40 ns, q_a and q_b swap their target memory locations, and, as a result, at 45 ns their values become read data values 02 and 0B respectively. Figure 2–48 shows two simultaneous write operations with different data (on data_a and data_b) to the same memory address. Altera Corporation March 2007 2–59 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions Figure 2–48. Different Data from data_a and data_b Written to the Same Memory Address At 65 ns, data values from data_a and data_b are both written to the memory address 00. Because two different data were written to the same memory location, the output data read from that memory address displays value XX at 75 ns. Unknown data was being written to that memory location, because conflict resolution circuitry is not built into the memory blocks. To avoid address conflicts, you must implement conflict resolution logic outside of the memory block. Figure 2–49 shows the waveforms when simultaneous read and write operations target the same memory address. 2–60 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Figure 2–49. Read and Write Operations Occur at the Same Time Targeting Same Memory Address Read and write operations occur simultaneously at 95 ns for port A. Because you set the behavior of port A was to get new data, the new data 13 previously written to memory address 01 is read out on q_a. For port B, read and write operations occur simultaneously at 105 ns. Unlike port A, port B reads out the old data 13 from memory address 01, even though the new data 0B is written to that memory location. Stratix III and Cyclone III devices support this feature, which allows you to specify the Read-During-Write behavior of different ports independently. Functional Results—Simulate the Dual-Port RAM in the ModelSim-Altera Software Simulate the design in ModelSim to compare the results of both simulators. This User Guide assumes that you are familiar with using ModelSim-Altera before trying out the design example. If you are unfamiliar with ModelSim-Altera, refer to the support page of the software products page of the Altera website, (www.altera.com). On the support page for ModelSim-Altera, there are various links to topics such as installation, usage, and troubleshooting. Set up the ModelSim-Altera simulator by performing the following steps: 1. Altera Corporation March 2007 Unzip the ram2p_ex2_msim.zip file to any working directory on your PC. 2–61 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions 2. Open the ram2p_msim.do file. Ensure that the Stratix III device library is located at the correct path in your PC; for example, C:/altera/70/modelsim_ae/altera/verilog/stratixiii. Change it to correct path if it is not. 3. Start ModelSim-Altera. 4. On the File menu, click Change Directory. 5. Select the folder in which you unzipped the files. Click OK. 6. On the Tools menu, click Execute Macro. 7. Select the ram2p_msim.do file and click Open. This is a script file for ModelSim that automates all necessary settings for the simulation. 8. Verify the results shown in the Waveform Viewer window. You can rearrange signals, remove signals, add signals, and change the radix by modifying the script in ram2p_msim.do accordingly to match the order of the results in the Quartus II Simulator Figure 2–50 shows the expected simulation results when running the design example in ModelSim-Altera. Compare the results obtained using the Quartus II simulator from Figure 2–46 on page 2–58. Refer to “Understanding the Simulation Results” on page 2–58 for more details. Figure 2–50. ModelSim Simulation Waveform for Dual-Port RAM 2–62 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Example for RAM: 3-PORT The objective of the examples is to implement and instantiate a tri-port RAM using the RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. The RAM: 3-PORT example illustrates tri-addressing mode (one write address and two read addresses), and single clock with unregistered output mode. Verify the results you obtained at the end of this example with the expected simulation results provided. In this example, you perform the following activities: ■ ■ ■ Generate a tri-port RAM using the RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager Implement the tri-port RAM by assigning the Stratix III device to the project and compiling the project Simulate the tri-port RAM design Generate the Tri-Port RAM To generate the tri-port RAM, perform the following steps: 1. Open ram3p_DesignExample_ex3.zip and extract ram3p.qar. 2. In the Quartus II software, open ram3p.qar and restore the archive file into your working directory. 3. On the Tools menu, click MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Page 1 of the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager appears (Figure 2–51). Figure 2–51. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager [Page 1] 4. Altera Corporation March 2007 Select Create a new custom megafunction variation, and click Next. Page 2a appears. 2–63 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions 5. On page 2a of the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager, make the following selections: a. In the Which device family will you be using? list, select Stratix III. b. Under Which type of output file do you want to create?, select Verilog HDL. c. Expand the Memory Compiler and select RAM: 3-PORT. d. For the name of the output file, type ram3p, or click Browse to select the file from the project folder. Figure 2–52 shows page 2a after you have made these selections. Figure 2–52. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 3-PORT [Page 2a] e. 6. 2–64 RAM Megafunction User Guide Click Next. Page 3 appears. On page 3 of the wizard, make the following selections: Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started a. Under Which clocking method do you want to use?, select Single clock. b. Check the box to turn on Create an 'rden_a' read enable signal. c. Check the box to turn on Create an 'rden_b' read enable signal. d. Keep all other settings as the default, as shown in Figure 2–53. Figure 2–53. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 3-PORT [Page 3] e. 7. Altera Corporation March 2007 Click Next. Page 4 appears. Under Which ports should be registered?, uncheck the boxes for Read output port 'qA' and Read output port 'qB', as shown in Figure 2–54. 2–65 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions Figure 2–54. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 3-PORT [Page 4] Click Next. Page 5 appears. 8. 2–66 RAM Megafunction User Guide For Do you want to specify the initial content of the memory?, keep the default setting of No, leave it blank, as shown in (Figure 2–55). Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Figure 2–55. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager —RAM: 3-PORT [Page 5] Click Finish. Page 7 appears. 9. Altera Corporation March 2007 On page 7 of the wizard (Figure 2–56), you can turn on any additional output files you want so they can be created for the project. Otherwise, keep the default settings and click Finish. 2–67 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions Figure 2–56. MegaWizard Plug-In Manager – RAM: 3-PORT [Page 7] The ram3p module is built. Implement the Tri-Port RAM Implement the dual-port RAM in the same way you implemented the single-port RAM in the “Example for RAM: 1-PORT” on page 2–31. Refer to “Implement Single-Port RAM” on page 2–38 for instructions on how to assign settings for the design. These steps (assigning settings for the design) must to be carried out before you generate the functional netlist. Functional Results—Simulate the Tri-Port RAM in the Quartus II Software Finally, simulate the design to verify the results. Set up the Quartus II Simulator by performing the following steps: 1. 2–68 RAM Megafunction User Guide On the Processing menu, click Generate Functional Simulation Netlist. Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started 2. When the Functional Simulation Netlist Generation was successful message box appears, click OK. 3. On the Assignments menu, click Settings. The Settings dialog box appears. 4. Under Category, select Simulator Settings. 5. In the Simulation mode: list, select Functional. 6. In the Simulation input: box, type ram3p_singleclk_unregout.vwf, or Browse (...) to select the file from the project folder. 7. Select Run simulation until all vector stimuli are used. 8. Make sure that the Automatically add pins to simulation output waveforms and Simulation coverage reporting options are turned on. 9. Make sure that the Check outputs and Overwrite simulation input file with simulation results options are off. Figure 2–57 shows the Simulation Settings Dialog Box after you have made these selections. Altera Corporation March 2007 2–69 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions Figure 2–57. Simulator Settings Dialog Box 10. Click OK. 11. To run the simulation, on the Processing menu, click Start Simulation. 12. When the Simulation was successful message box appears, click OK. 13. In the Simulation Report window, view the simulation waveforms to verify the results. Figure 2–58 shows the expected simulation results. 2–70 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Figure 2–58. Functional Waveform for Single Clock Mode with Unregistered Output for Tri-Port RAM Understanding the Simulation Results In this example, you configured the RAM: 3-PORT to have the following properties: ■ ■ Single clock Unregistered outputs qa and qb The following section explains how the simulation results correspond to the configuration you set with the RAM: 3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. Figure 2–59 shows simultaneous read operations for port A and port B. Figure 2–59. Simultaneous Read Operations for Port A and Port B Altera Corporation March 2007 2–71 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions Data 00, 01, and 02 are written to memory addresses 00, 01, and 02 at 15 ns, 25 ns, and 35 ns respectively when wren is HIGH. At 45 ns, data value 00 is read from memory address 00 via port A, and appears on qa. At 55 ns, data value 01 is read from memory address 01 via port B, and appears on qb. At 65 ns, qa and qb simultaneously read data value 02 from the memory address 02. The tri-port RAM also supports simultaneous read and write operations. Figure 2–60 shows read and write operations that occur simultaneously and target different memory addresses. Figure 2–60. Simultaneous Read and Write Operations Targeting Different Memory Addresses Read and write operations occur simultaneously at 85 ns, targeting different memory addresses. During the write operation, data value 07 is written to memory address 03. In the read operations, qa and qb read data values 00 and 01 from memory addresses 00 and 01, respectively. read addresses and the write address are all different. Figure 2–61 shows read and write operations that occur simultaneously and target the same memory address. 2–72 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Figure 2–61. Simultaneous Read and Write Operations Targeting the Same Memory Address At 115 ns, a port A read operation and a write operation both target memory address 04. The previous value at this memory location is 08. The write operation writes data value 0A. Because the tri-port RAM (unlike the RAM:1-PORT and RAM_2-PORT in Stratix III and Cyclone III devices) does not support the Read-During-Write feature, the qa output now displays the XX value. At 125 ns, a port B read operation and a write operation both target memory address 03. The previous value at this memory location is 07. The write operation writes data value 0B. Because the tri-port RAM does not support the Read-During-Write feature, the qb output now displays the XX value. To avoid the undefined data values that result from address conflicts, you must implement conflict resolution logic outside the memory block. Functional Results—Simulate the Tri-Port RAM in the ModelSim-Altera Software Simulate the design in ModelSim to compare the results of both simulators. This User Guide assumes that you are familiar with using ModelSim-Altera before trying out the design example. If you are unfamiliar with ModelSim-Altera, refer to the support page of the software products page of the Altera website, (www.altera.com). On the support page for ModelSim-Altera, there are various links to topics such as installation, usage, and troubleshooting. Set up the ModelSim-Altera simulator by performing the following steps: 1. Altera Corporation March 2007 Unzip the ram3p_ex3_msim.zip file to any working directory on your PC. 2–73 RAM Megafunction User Guide Design Examples for the RAM Megafunctions 2. Open the ram3p_msim.do file. Ensure that the Stratix III device library is located at the correct path in your PC; for example, C:/altera/70/modelsim_ae/altera/verilog/stratixiii. Change it to correct path if it is not. 3. Start ModelSim-Altera. 4. On the File menu, click Change Directory. 5. Select the folder in which you unzipped the files. Click OK. 6. On the Tools menu, click Execute Macro. 7. Select the ram3p_msim.do file and click Open. This is a script file for ModelSim that automates all necessary settings for the simulation. 8. Verify the results shown in the Waveform Viewer window. You can rearrange signals, remove signals, add signals, and change the radix by modifying the script in ram3p_msim.do accordingly to match the order of the results in the Quartus II Simulator. Figure 2–62 shows the expected simulation results when running the design example in ModelSim-Altera. Compare the results obtained using the Quartus II simulator from Figure 2–58 on page 2–71. Figure 2–62. ModelSim Simulation Waveform for Single-Port RAM 2–74 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Getting Started Conclusion Altera Corporation March 2007 The Quartus II software provides parameterizable RAM megafunctions through RAM:1-PORT, RAM:2-PORT, and RAM:3-PORT MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. With these megafunctions, you can easily configure your RAM design with other support features, such as different clocking modes, read enable, byte enable, clock enable, asynchronous clear, read-during-write, and others feature. These megafunctions are performance-optimized for Altera devices and therefore, provide more efficient logic synthesis and device implementation, because they automate the coding process and save valuable design time. In addition, it is easy to re-configure the characteristics of your RAM design through the easy-to-use GUI. Altera recommends using these functions during design implementation so you can consistently meet your design goals. 2–75 RAM Megafunction User Guide Conclusion 2–76 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 3. Specifications Introduction The Quartus® II software provides four megafunctions that support single-port, dual-port, and tri-port RAM functionality: lpm_ram_dq, altdpram, altsyncram, and alt3pram. One of the megafunctions implements your RAM, depending on your targeted device and the configurations you set with the MegaWizard® Plug-In Manager. Refer to Table 1–1 on page 1–2 for more details about the wizard. The parameter details are only relevant for users who bypass the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager interface and use the megafunction as a directly parameterized instantiation in their design. The details of these parameters are hidden from MegaWizard Plug-In Manager interface users. f Ports and Parameters for the lpm_ram_dq Megafunction Refer to the latest version of the Quartus II software Help for the most current information about the ports and parameters for these megafunctions. Table 3–1 shows the input ports, Table 3–2 on page 3–2 shows the output ports, and Table 3–3 on page 3–2 shows the lpm_ram_dq megafunction parameters. Port Name Required? Table 3–1. lpm_ram_dq Megafunction Input Ports Description data[] v Data input to the memory. Input port LPM_WIDTH wide. address[] v Address input to the memory. Input port LPM_WIDTHAD wide. Altera Corporation March 2007 3–1 RAM Megafunction User Guide Ports and Parameters for the lpm_ram_dq Megafunction Port Name Required? Table 3–1. lpm_ram_dq Megafunction Input Ports v we Description Write enable input. Enables write operations to the memory when high. Required if inclock is not present. If only the we port is used, the data on the address[] port should not change while we is high. If the data on the address[] port changes while the we port is high, all memory locations that are addressed are overwritten with data[]. inclock — Synchronizes memory loading. If the inclock port is used, the we port acts as an enable for write operations synchronized to the rising edge of the inclock signal. If the inclock port is not used, the we port acts as an enable for asynchronous write operations. In addition, if the inclock port is not used, the LPM_INDATA and LPM_ADDRESS_CONTROL parameters should be set to UNREGISTERED. outclock — Synchronizes q outputs from memory. The addressed memory content-to-q[] response is synchronous when the outclock port is connected, and asynchronous when it is not connected. In addition, if the outclock port is not used, the LPM_OUTDATA parameter should be set to UNREGISTERED. Table 3–2. lpm_ram_dq Megafunction Output Ports Port Name Required? Description v q[] Data output from the memory. Output port LPM_WIDTH wide. Type Required? Table 3–3. lpm_ram_dq Megafunction Parameters (Part 1 of 4) LPM_WIDTH Integer v Width of data[] and q[] ports. LPM_WIDTHAD Integer v Width of the address port. LPM_WIDTHAD should be (but is not required to be) equal to log2(LPM_NUMWORDS). If LPM_WIDTHAD is too small, some memory locations will not be addressable. If it is too large, the addresses that are too high will return undefined (X) logic levels. Parameter 3–2 RAM Megafunction User Guide Description Altera Corporation March 2007 Specifications Type Required? Table 3–3. lpm_ram_dq Megafunction Parameters (Part 2 of 4) LPM_NUMWORDS Integer — Number of words stored in memory. In general, this value should be (but is not required to be) 2 ^ LPM_WIDTHAD-1 < LPM_NUMWORDS <= 2 ^ LPM_WIDTHAD. If omitted, the default is 2 ^ LPM_WIDTHAD. LPM_FILE String — Name of the Memory Initialization File (.mif) or Hexadecimal (IntelFormat) Output File (.hex) containing ROM initialization data (“ ”), or UNUSED. If omitted, contents default to all zeros. The we port must be registered to support memory initialization. LPM_INDATA String — Values are REGISTERED, UNREGISTERED, and UNUSED. Parameter Description Controls whether the data port is registered. If omitted, the default is REGISTERED. If the inclock port is not used, the LPM_INDATA and LPM_ADDRESS_CONTROL parameters should be set to UNREGISTERED. LPM_ADDRESS_CONTROL String — Values are REGISTERED, UNREGISTERED, and UNUSED. Controls whether the address port is registered. If omitted, the default is REGISTERED. If LPM_ADDRESS_CONTROL is UNREGISTERED, the we port is level-sensitive, so that when the we port is high, the address[] port must be stable to prevent other memory locations from being overwritten. If the inclock port is not used, the LPM_INDATA and LPM_ADDRESS_CONTROL parameters should be set to UNREGISTERED. LPM_OUTDATA String — Values are REGISTERED, UNREGISTERED, and UNUSED. Controls whether the q and internal eq ports are registered. If omitted, the default is REGISTERED. If the outclock port is not used, the LPM_OUTDATA parameter should be set to UNREGISTERED. LPM_HINT String — Allows you to assign Altera-specific parameters in VHDL Design Files (.vhd). These parameter are used for synthesis purposes only. If omitted, the default is UNUSED. When you instantiate a library of parameterized modules (LPM) function in a VHDL Design File (.vhd), you must use the LPM_HINT parameter to specify an Altera-specific parameter. For example: LPM_HINT = "CHAIN_SIZE = 8, ONE_INPUT_IS_CONSTANT = YES" Altera Corporation March 2007 3–3 RAM Megafunction User Guide Ports and Parameters for the lpm_ram_dq Megafunction Type Required? Table 3–3. lpm_ram_dq Megafunction Parameters (Part 3 of 4) LPM_TYPE String — Identifies the library of parameterized modules (LPM) entity name in VHDL Design Files. ENABLE_RUNTIME_MOD String — Altera-specific parameter. You must use the LPM_HINT parameter to specify the ENABLE_RUNTIME_MOD parameter in VHDL Design Files. Parameter Description Values are YES or NO. The ENABLE_RUNTIME_MOD allows you to use the lpm_ram_dq megafunction with the In-System Memory Content Editor. When the ENABLE_RUNTIME_MOD parameter is specified to YES, the INSTANCE_NAME must be specified. If omitted, the default is NONE. 3–4 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Specifications Parameter Type Required? Table 3–3. lpm_ram_dq Megafunction Parameters (Part 4 of 4) INSTANCE_NAME String — Description Altera-specific parameter. You must use the LPM_HINT parameter to specify the INSTANCE_NAME parameter in VHDL Design Files. String values must be a maximum of 4 characters long. To specify a string value for the INSTANCE_NAME parameter in VHDL Design Files, you must use the LPM_HINT parameter. The INSTANCE_NAME parameter is used to identify the instance used with the In-System Memory Content Editor. The value of the INSTANCE_NAME parameter appears in the Instance ID column of the In-System Memory Content Editor. USE_EAB String — Altera-specific parameter. You must use the LPM_HINT parameter to specify the USE_EAB parameter in VHDL Design Files. Values are ON, OFF, and UNUSED. Setting the USE_EAB parameter to OFF prevents the Quartus II software from using Embedded System Blocks (ESBs) to implement the logic in APEX 20K, APEX II, and Mercury devices, or Embedded Array Blocks (EABs) in ACEX 1K and FLEX 10KE devices; it can only use registers or latches. (The ON setting is not useful in memory functions: the Quartus II software automatically implements memory functions in ESBs or EABs by default.) This parameter is not available for simulation with other EDA simulators and for FLEX 6000, MAX 3000, and MAX 7000 devices. If you wish to use this parameter when you instantiate the function in a Block Design File (.bdf), you must specify it by entering the parameter name and value manually with the Parameters tab in the Symbol Properties dialog box or in the Block Properties dialog box. You can also use this parameter name in a Text Design File (.tdf) or a Verilog Design File (.v). Altera Corporation March 2007 3–5 RAM Megafunction User Guide Ports and Parameters for the altdpram Megafunction Ports and Parameters for the altdpram Megafunction Table 3–4 shows the input ports, Table 3–5 on page 3–7 shows the output ports, and Table 3–6 on page 3–7 shows the altdpram megafunction parameters. Port Name Required? Table 3–4. altdpram Megafunction Input Ports (Part 1 of 2) Description data[] v rdaddress[] v Read address input to the memory. Input port WIDTHAD wide. rdaddressstall[] — Read address stall input port. The rdaddress port must be registered. Data input to the memory. Input port WIDTH wide. For Stratix III devices, the USE_EAB parameter value must be ON and the RAM_BLOCK_TYPE parameter value must be MLAB. For other device families, the value must be GND. wraddress[] v Write address input to the memory. Input port WIDTHAD wide. wraddressstall[] — Write address stall input port. The wraddress port must be registered. For Stratix III devices, the USE_EAB parameter value must be ON and the RAM_BLOCK_TYPE parameter value must be set to MLAB. For other device families, the value must be GND. byteena — Byte enable input port. Input port [WIDTH_BYTEENA - 1..0] wide. For Stratix III devices, the USE_EAB parameter value must be ON, the RAM_BLOCK_TYPE parameter value must be set to MLAB, and the WIDTH parameter must be a non-unary multiple of the BYTE_SIZE parameter. For other device families, the value must be VCC. wren v Write enable input port. inclock — Positive-edge-triggered input clock port. Used for registered write ports; for example, data, wraddress, and wren. Can also be used for registered read ports; for example, rdaddress and rden. inclocken — Clock enable port for inclock. 3–6 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Specifications Required? Table 3–4. altdpram Megafunction Input Ports (Part 2 of 2) Port Name rden Description Read enable input. Disables reading when low (0). — In ACEX 1K, APEX 20K, APEX 20KE, APEX II, FLEX 6000, FLEX 10KE, and Mercury devices, the rden port controls a latch that remembers the value last read while the rden port was high. In APEX 20K devices, the rden port becomes a power-down signal. outclock — Positive-edge-triggered input clock port. Used for the registered q[] port. Can also be used for registered read ports; for example, rdaddress and rden. outclocken — Clock enable port for outclock. aclr — Asynchronous clear input. Affects registered inputs and outputs. Table 3–5. altdpram Megafunction Output Ports Port Name Required? v q[] Description Comments Data output from the memory. Output port WIDTH wide. 1 When the altdpram megafunction is used with the APEX 20K device family, and both the WRADDRESS_REG and WRCONTROL_REG parameters are set to INCLOCK, the value of the WRADDRESS_ACLR and WRCONTROL_ACLR parameters must be the same. Type Required? Table 3–6. altdpram Megafunction Parameters WIDTH Integer v WIDTHAD Integer v Width of the rdaddress[] and wraddress[] ports. BYTE_SIZE Integer — Specifies the byte size for the byte-enable mode. Parameter Description Width of data[] and q[] ports. For Stratix III devices, values are 5, 8, 9, and 10. Values 5 and 10 are supported widths, values 8 and 9 are available for backward compatibility with Stratix II device M512 blocks. For all other families, values are 8 and 9. Altera Corporation March 2007 3–7 RAM Megafunction User Guide Ports and Parameters for the altdpram Megafunction Parameter WIDTH_BYTEENA Type Required? Table 3–6. altdpram Megafunction Parameters Integer — Description Specifies the width of the byteena input port. The WIDTH_BYTEENA parameter value must be equal to WIDTH_B / BYTE_SIZE for Stratix III devices. For all other devices families, the default value is 1. RAM_BLOCK_TYPE String — Values are AUTO, M-RAM(MEGARAM), M4K, M512, M9K, M144K, and MLAB. When USE_EAB parameter value is ON, the result is a block-ram implementation, and the RAM_BLOCK_TYPE is set to MLAB. When USE_EAB parameter value is OFF, the result is a logic cell implementation. NUMWORDS Integer — Number of words stored in memory. This value must be within the range 2 ^ WIDTHAD-1 < NUMWORDS <= 2 ^ WIDTHAD. If omitted, the default is 2 ^ WIDTHAD. LPM_FILE String — Name of the Memory Initialization File (.mif) or Hexadecimal (Intel-Format) Output File (.hex) containing RAM initialization data (“ ”), or UNUSED. The default is UNUSED. If omitted, default for all contents is 0. The wren port must be registered to support memory initialization. READ_DURING_WRITE_MOD E_MIXED_PORTS String — Read during write mode behavior. Values are DONT_CARE, OLD_DATA, and NEW_DATA. If omitted, the default is DONT_CARE. Values of OLD_DATA and NEW_DATA are supported only if the rdaddress input port and the q[] output port are registered by the write clock. If omitted, the default is NEW_DATA. WRADDRESS_REG String — Determines the clock used by the wraddress[] port. Values are UNREGISTERED and INCLOCK. The default is INCLOCK. WRADDRESS_ACLR String — Defines whether aclr affects the wraddress[] port register. Values are ON and OFF. The default is ON. Legal values for Stratix III devices is OFF 3–8 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Specifications Parameter WRCONTROL_REG Type Required? Table 3–6. altdpram Megafunction Parameters String — Description Determines the clock used by the wren port. Values are UNREGISTERED and INCLOCK. The default is INCLOCK and is the only legal value for Stratix III devices. WRCONTROL_ACLR String — Defines whether aclr affects the wren port register. Values are ON and OFF. The default is ON. RDADDRESS_REG String — Determines the clock used by the rdaddress[] port. Values are UNREGISTERED, INCLOCK, and OUTCLOCK. The default is OUTCLOCK. RDADDRESS_ACLR String — Defines whether aclr affects the rdaddress[] port. Values are ON and OFF. The default is ON. The legal value for Stratix III devices is OFF. RDCONTROL_REG String — Determines the clock used by the rden port. Values are UNREGISTERED, INCLOCK, and OUTCLOCK. The default is OUTCLOCK. RDCONTROL_ACLR String — Defines whether aclr affects the rden port register. Values are ON and OFF. The default is ON. INDATA_REG String — Determines the clock used by the data port. Values are UNREGISTERED and INCLOCK. The default is INCLOCK. INDATA_ACLR String — Defines whether aclr affects the data[] port register. Values are ON and OFF. The default is ON. Legal value for Stratix III devices is OFF only. OUTDATA_REG String — Determines the clock used by the q[] port. Legal values for Stratix III devices are UNREGISTERED, INCLOCK, and OUTCLOCK. The default is UNREGISTERED. INCLOCK is legal value for Stratix III MLAB mode only to provide support for read_during_write_mode_mixed_ports. Altera Corporation March 2007 3–9 RAM Megafunction User Guide Ports and Parameters for the altdpram Megafunction Parameter OUTDATA_ACLR Type Required? Table 3–6. altdpram Megafunction Parameters String — Description Defines whether aclr affects the q[] port register. Values are ON and OFF. The default is ON. LPM_HINT String — Allows you to specify Altera-specific parameters in VHDL Design Files (.vhd). The default is UNUSED. LPM_TYPE String — Identifies the library of parameterized modules (LPM) entity name in VHDL Design Files. INTENDED_DEVICE_ FAMILY String — This parameter is used for modeling and behavioral simulation purposes. Create the altdpram megafunction with the MegaWizard Plug-in Manager to calculate the value for this parameter. MAXIMUM_DEPTH Integer — Specifies the slicing depth of the RAM slices. USE_EAB String — Altera-specific parameter. You must use the LPM_HINT parameter to specify the USE_EAB parameter in VHDL Design Files. Values for Stratix III are ON and OFF. Values for all other devices are ON, OFF, and UNUSED. Setting the USE_EAB parameter to OFF prevents the Quartus II software from using Embedded System Blocks (ESB)s to implement the logic in APEX 20K, APEX II, and Mercury devices, or Embedded Array Blocks (EABs) in ACEX 1K and FLEX 10KE devices; it can only use registers or latches. The ON setting is not useful in memory functions: the Quartus II software automatically implements memory functions in ESBs or EABs by default. This parameter is not available for simulation with other EDA simulators and for FLEX 6000, MAX 3000, and MAX 7000. 3–10 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Specifications Ports and Parameters for the altsyncram Megafunction Table 3–7 shows the input ports, Table 3–8 on page 3–13 shows the output ports, and Table 3–9 on page 3–13 shows the altsyncram megafunction parameters. Port Name wren_a Required? Table 3–7. altsyncram Megafunction Input Ports — Description Write enable input. The wren_a port is not available when the OPERATION_MODE parameter is set to ROM mode. rden_a — Read enable input port. This port is available for Stratix III and Cyclone III devices only. Not available in MLAB mode. wren_b — Write enable input. The wren_b input port is available only when the OPERATION_MODE parameter is set to BIDIR_DUAL_PORT. rden_b — Read enable input port. The rden_b input port is available only when the OPERATION_MODE parameter is set to DUAL_PORT and when the RAM_BLOCK_TYPE parameter is not set to M-RAM. For Stratix III devices, a value of BIDIR_DUAL_PORT is also available, but it is not supported in MLAB mode. data_a[] — Data input port to the memory for port A. Input port [WIDTH_A - 1..0] wide. data_b[] — address_a[] v Data input port to the memory for port B. Input port [WIDTH_B - 1..0] wide. Address input to the memory for port A. Input port [WIDTHAD_A - 1..0] wide. address_b[] v Address input to the memory for port B. Input port [WIDTHAD_B - 1..0] wide. clock0 Altera Corporation March 2007 v Clock input port for the RAM. 3–11 RAM Megafunction User Guide Ports and Parameters for the altsyncram Megafunction Port Name Required? Table 3–7. altsyncram Megafunction Input Ports Description clock1 — Clock input port for the RAM. clocken0 — Clock enable for clock0. clocken1 — Clock enable for clock1. clocken2 — Clock enable for clock1. clocken3 — Additional clock enable for clock1. Defaults to VCC. This port is available for Stratix III devices only. This port is available for Stratix III devices only. aclr0 — The first asynchronous clear input. aclr1 — The second asynchronous clear input. byteena_a[] — Byte enable input port. Input port WIDTH_BYTEENA_A-1..0 wide. The byteena_a enable input port can be used only when the data_a port is at least 2 bytes wide. byteena_b[] — Byte enable input port. Input port WIDTH_BYTEENA_B-1..0 wide. The byteena_b enable input port can be used only when the data_b port is at least 2 bytes wide. addressstall_a — Address stall input for port A. This port is available for supported device (Cyclone II, Cyclone III, HardCopy II, Stratix II, Stratix II GX, and Stratix III) families. addressstall_b — Address stall input for port B. This port is available for supported device (Cyclone II, Cyclone III, HardCopy II, Stratix II, Stratix II GX, and Stratix III) families. 3–12 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Specifications Required? Table 3–8. altsyncram Megafunction Output Ports Port Name v q_a[] Description Data output port from the memory. Output port [WIDTH_A - 1..0] wide. The q_a[] port is legal only when the OPERATION_MODE parameter is set to SINGLE_PORT, BIDIR_DUAL_PORT, or ROM. v q_b[] Data output port from the memory. Output port [WIDTH_B - 1..0] wide. The q_b[] port is legal only when the OPERATION_MODE parameter is set to DUAL_PORT or BIDIR_DUAL_PORT. eccstatus[] — Status output for the memory core clock enable (ECC). Output port [2..0] wide. This port is available only for Stratix III devices. The following conditions must be met to use this port: ● The value of operation_mode must be DUAL_PORT ● The value of WIDTH_A must be the same as the value of WIDTH_B ● The value of RAM_BLOCK_TYPE must be M144K Parameter OPERATION_MODE Type Required? Table 3–9. altsyncram Megafunction Parameters (Part 1 of 8) String v Description Specifies the operation of the RAM. Values are SINGLE_PORT, DUAL_PORT, BIDIR_DUAL_PORT, or ROM. If omitted, the default is BIDIR_DUAL_PORT. WIDTH_A Integer v Specifies the width of the data_a[] input port. If omitted, the default is 1. WIDTHAD_A Integer v Specifies the width of the address_a[] input port. If omitted, the default is 1. NUMWORDS_A Integer — Number of words stored in memory. If omitted, the default is 2 ^ WIDTHAD_A. OUTDATA_REG_A String — Specifies the clock for the q_a[] output port. Values are CLOCK0, CLOCK1, UNREGISTERED, or UNUSED. If omitted, the default is UNREGISTERED. Altera Corporation March 2007 3–13 RAM Megafunction User Guide Ports and Parameters for the altsyncram Megafunction Parameter ADDRESS_ACLR_A Type Required? Table 3–9. altsyncram Megafunction Parameters (Part 2 of 8) Description String — Specifies the asynchronous clear for the address_a[] port. Values are CLEAR0 and NONE. If omitted, the default is NONE. For Cyclone II, Cyclone III, Stratix II, and Stratix III devices, the value must be set to NONE. OUTDATA_ACLR_A String — Specifies the asynchronous clear for the q_a[] output port. Values are CLEAR0, CLEAR1, or NONE. If omitted, the default is NONE. Specifies the asynchronous clear parameter for the output latch in Stratix III and Cyclone III devices when the OUTDATA_REG_A parameter is set to UNREGISTERED, except in MLAB mode. INDATA_ACLR_A String — Specifies the asynchronous clear for the data_a[] input port. Values are CLEAR0, NONE, or UNUSED. If omitted, the default is NONE. For Stratix III and Cyclone III devices, the value must be set to NONE. WRCONTROL_ACLR_A String — Specifies the asynchronous clear for the wren_ainput port. Values are CLEAR0, NONE, or UNUSED. If omitted, the default is NONE. For Stratix III and Cyclone III devices, the value must be set to NONE. If the value of the RAM_BLOCK_TYPE parameter is M512 in SINGLE_PORT mode, the value must be set to NONE. BYTEENA_ACLR_A String — Specifies the asynchronous clear for the byteena_a[] input port. Value is NONE. For Cyclone and Stratix devices, a value of CLEAR0 is also allowed. For Stratix III and Cyclone III devices, the value must be set to NONE. WIDTH_BYTEENA_A Integer — Specifies the width of the byteena_a[] input port. The WIDTH_BYTEENA_A parameter value must be equal to WIDTH_A / BYTE_SIZE. Default of 1 is allowed when byte-enable is not used. 3–14 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Specifications Parameter WIDTH_B Type Required? Table 3–9. altsyncram Megafunction Parameters (Part 3 of 8) Integer — Description Specifies the width of the data_b[] input port. When the OPERATION_MODE parameter is set to DUAL_PORT mode, the WIDTH_B parameter is required. If omitted, the default is 1. WIDTHAD_B Integer — NUMWORDS_B Integer — Specifies the width of the address_b[] input port. If omitted, the default is 1. Number of words stored in memory. If omitted, the default is 2 ^ WIDTHAD_B. RDCONTROL_REG_B String — Specifies the clock for the rden_b port during read mode. Values are CLOCK0 and CLOCK1. If omitted, the default is CLOCK1. INDATA_REG_B String — Specifies the clock for the data_b[] port. Values are CLOCK0 and CLOCK1. If omitted, the default is CLOCK1. WRCONTROL_WRADDRESS_R EG_B String — Specifies the clock for the wren_b and address_b[] port during write mode. Values are CLOCK0 and CLOCK1. If omitted, the default is CLOCK1. BYTEENA_REG_B String — Specifies the clock for the byteena_b[] port. Values are CLOCK0 and CLOCK1. If omitted, the default is CLOCK1. OUTDATA_REG_B String — Specifies the clock for the q_b[] port. Values are CLOCK0, CLOCK1, and UNREGISTERED. If omitted, the default is UNREGISTERED. OUTDATA_ACLR_B String — Specifies the asynchronous clear for the q_b[] output port. Values are CLEAR0, CLEAR1, and NONE. If omitted, the default is NONE. Specifies the asynchronous clear parameter for the output latch in Stratix III and Cyclone III devices when the OUTDATA_REG_B parameter is set to UNREGISTERED except in MLAB. Altera Corporation March 2007 3–15 RAM Megafunction User Guide Ports and Parameters for the altsyncram Megafunction Parameter RDCONTROL_ACLR_B Type Required? Table 3–9. altsyncram Megafunction Parameters (Part 4 of 8) String — Description Specifies the asynchronous clear for the rden_b input port. Values are CLEAR0, CLEAR1, NONE, or UNUSED. The default value is NONE. For Cyclone II, Cyclone III, Stratix II, and Stratix III devices, the value must be set to NONE. If the value of the RAM_BLOCK_TYPE parameter is M512 in DUAL_PORT mode, the value must be set to NONE. INDATA_ACLR_B String — Specifies the asynchronous clear for the data_b[] input port. Values are CLEAR0, NONE, or UNUSED. If omitted, the default is NONE. For Stratix III and Cyclone III devices, the value must be set to NONE. WRCONTROL_ACLR_B String — Specifies the asynchronous clear for the wren_binput port. Values are CLEAR0, NONE, or UNUSED. If omitted, the default is NONE. For Stratix III and Cyclone III devices, the value must be set to NONE. ADDRESS_ACLR_B String — Specifies the asynchronous clear for the address_b[] port. Values are CLEAR0 and NONE. If omitted, the default is NONE. For Cyclone II and Stratix II devices, the value must be set to NONE. For Stratix III and Cyclone III devices in BIDIR_DUAL_PORT mode, the value must be to NONE. BYTEENA_ACLR_B String — Specifies asynchronous clear for the byteena_b[] input port. Values are CLEAR0, CLEAR1, NONE, or UNUSED. If omitted, the default is NONE. For Stratix III and Cyclone III devices, the value must be set to NONE. WIDTH_BYTEENA_B 3–16 RAM Megafunction User Guide Integer — Specifies the width of the byteena_b input port. The WIDTH_BYTEENA_B parameter value must be equal to WIDTH_B / BYTE_SIZE. Altera Corporation March 2007 Specifications Parameter BYTE_SIZE Type Required? Table 3–9. altsyncram Megafunction Parameters (Part 5 of 8) Integer — Description Specifies the byte size for the byte-enable mode. Values are: Device Family Stratix III (MLAB) Stratix II (Others) Cyclone II, Stratix II, and Stratix II GX Cyclone, Stratix, and Stratix GX READ_DURING_WRITE_ MODE_MIXED_PORTS String — Specifies the behavior when the read and write operations occur at different ports on the same RAM address. Values are OLD_DATA, NEW_DATA, and DONT_CARE. The default value is DONT_CARE. Values of NEW_DATA and OLD_DATA are supported only if read address and output data use write clock in MLAB mode. Compatible parameter values: READ_DURING_WRITE_ MODE_ MIXED_PORTS OLD_DATA DONT_CARE Automatically selected RAM_BLOCK_TYPE String — Byte Size 5, 8, 9, 10 8, 9 1, 2, 4, 8, 9 8, 9 RAM_BLOCK_TYPE M512, M4K, M9K, M144K M-RAM, M9K, M144K AUTO Specifies the RAM block type. Values are device family-dependent. Values are M-RAM, M4K, M512K, M9K, M144K, MLAB, and AUTO. If omitted, the default is AUTO. INIT_FILE String — Name of the Memory Initialization File (.mif) or Hexadecimal (Intel-Format) Output File (.hex) containing RAM initialization data (“ ”), or UNUSED. The default is UNUSED. The INIT_FILE parameter is unavailable when the RAM_BLOCK_TYPE parameter is set to M-RAM. When the OPERATION_MODE parameter is set to DUAL_PORT, the Compiler uses only the WIDTH_B parameters to read the initialization file. For M512 and M4K memory blocks in Stratix and Stratix II devices, you can use the INIT_FILE parameter to specify Memory Initialization Files. For HardCopy Stratix devices, all of the blocks do not support an initialization file. In Stratix III device designs, you can specify the INIT_FILE parameter for all block types. Altera Corporation March 2007 3–17 RAM Megafunction User Guide Ports and Parameters for the altsyncram Megafunction Parameter INIT_FILE_LAYOUT Type Required? Table 3–9. altsyncram Megafunction Parameters (Part 6 of 8) String — Description Specifies the layout port used with the initialization file. Values are PORT_A, PORT_B, and UNUSED. If omitted, the default is UNUSED. If the OPERATION_MODE is set to DUAL_PORT mode, the default value is PORT_B. If the OPERATION_MODE is set to other modes, the default value is PORT_A. MAXIMUM_DEPTH Integer — Specifies the maximum segmented value of the RAM. The MAXIMUM_DEPTH parameter value depends on the RAM_BLOCK_TYPE parameter. If omitted, the default is 0. CLOCK_ENABLE_INPUT_A String — Specifies the clock enable for all port A inputs. This parameter is available for HardCopy II, Cyclone II, Cyclone III, Stratix II, and Stratix III devices only. For Stratix II devices, values are NORMAL and BYPASS. For Stratix III devices, values are NORMAL, BYPASS, and ALTERNATE. If omitted, the default is NORMAL. CLOCK_ENABLE_OUTPUT_A String — Specifies the clock enable for the q_a[] output port. Values are NORMAL and BYPASS. This parameter is available for HardCopy II, Cyclone II, Cyclone III, Stratix II, and Stratix III devices only. CLOCK_ENABLE_CORE_A String — Specifies the clock enable for the core of port A. Values are NORMAL, and BYPASS. If omitted, the default is the value of USE_INPUT_CLKEN. This parameter is available for Stratix III devices only. READ_DURING_WRITE_ MODE_PORT_A String — Specifies the read during write mode for port A. Values are NEW_DATA_NO_NBE_READ, NEW_DATA_WITH_NBE_READ and OLD_DATA. If omitted, the default is NEW_DATA_NO_NBE_READ. For older devices, the available value is NEW_DATA_WITH_NBE_READ only. In MLAB mode, the value is DONT_CARE. 3–18 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Specifications Parameter CLOCK_ENABLE_INPUT_B Type Required? Table 3–9. altsyncram Megafunction Parameters (Part 7 of 8) String — Description Specifies the clock enable for all port B inputs. Values are NORMAL, BYPASS, or ALTERNATE. This parameter is available for HardCopy II, Cyclone II, Cyclone III, Stratix II, and Stratix III devices only. For Stratix II devices, if omitted, the default is NORMAL. For Stratix III devices, the value is ALTERNATE. CLOCK_ENABLE_OUTPUT_B String — Specifies the clock enable for the q_b[] output port. Values are NORMAL and BYPASS. This parameter is available for HardCopy II, Cyclone II, Cyclone III, Stratix II, and Stratix III devices only. CLOCK_ENABLE_CORE_B String — Specifies the clock enable for the core of port B. Values are NORMAL, BYPASS, and ALTERNATE. If omitted, the default is NORMAL. This parameter is available for Stratix III devices only. READ_DURING_WRITE_ MODE_PORT_B String — Specifies the read during write mode for port B. Values are NEW_DATA_NO_NBE_READ, NEW_DATA_WITH_NBE_READ and OLD_DATA. If omitted, the default is NEW_DATA_NO_NBE_READ. For older devices, the only available value is NEW_DATA_WITH_NBE_READ. ENABLE_ECC String — Specifies whether the error correction code (ECC) feature is on or off. Values are TRUE and FALSE. The TRUE value is only available for Stratix III devices where the OPERATION_MODE parameter is set to a simple DUAL_PORT mode. If omitted, the default is FALSE. For the ENABLE_ECC value to be TRUE, the value of RAM_BLOCK_TYPE must be M144K. LPM_HINT Altera Corporation March 2007 String — Allows you to assign Altera-specific parameters in VHDL Design Files (.vhd). If omitted, the default is UNUSED. 3–19 RAM Megafunction User Guide Ports and Parameters for the alt3pram Megafunction Type Required? Table 3–9. altsyncram Megafunction Parameters (Part 8 of 8) LPM_TYPE String — Identifies the library of parameterized modules (LPM) entity name in VHDL Design Files. INTENDED_DEVICE_ FAMILY String — This parameter is used for modeling and behavioral simulation purposes. Create the altsyncram megafunction with the MegaWizard Plug-in Manager to calculate the value for this parameter. Parameter Ports and Parameters for the alt3pram Megafunction Description Table 3–10 shows the input ports, Table 3–11 on page 3–21 shows the output ports, and Table 3–12 on page 3–21 shows the alt3pram megafunction Parameters. Port Name Required? Table 3–10. alt3pram Megafunction Input Ports Description data[] v Data input to the memory. Input port WIDTH wide. rdaddress_a[] v Read address input to the memory. Input port WIDTHAD wide. rdaddress_b[] v Read address input to the memory. wraddress[] v Write address input to the memory. Input port WIDTHAD wide. wren v Write enable input. inclock — Positive-edge-triggered clock. Used for registered write ports; for example, data, wraddress[], and wren. Can also be used for registered read ports; for example, rdaddress_a[], rdaddress_b[], rden_a, and rden_b. inclocken — Clock enable for inclock. rden_a v Read enable input. Disables reading when low (0). In ACEX 1K, APEX 20K,APEX II, FLEX 6000, FLEX 10KE, and Mercury devices, the rden_a port controls a latch that remembers the value last read while the rden_a port was high. In APEX 20K devices, the port becomes a power-down signal. 3–20 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Specifications Required? Table 3–10. alt3pram Megafunction Input Ports Port Name Description v rden_b Read enable input. Disables reading when low (0). In ACEX 1K, APEX 20K, APEX II, FLEX 6000, FLEX 10KE, and Mercury devices, the rden_b port controls a latch that remembers the value last read while the rden_b port was high. In APEX 20K devices, the rden_b port becomes a power down signal. outclock — Positive-edge-triggered clock. Used for the registered q_a[] or q_b[] port. Can also be used for registered read ports; for example, rdaddress_a[], rdaddress_b[], rden_a, and rden_b. outclocken — Clock enable for outclock. aclr v Asynchronous clear input. Affects registered inputs and outputs. Table 3–11. alt3pram Megafunction Output Ports Port Name Required? Description qa[] v Data output from the memory. Output port WIDTH wide. qb[] v Data output from the memory. Output port WIDTH wide. Type Required? Table 3–12. alt3pram Megafunction Parameters WIDTH Integer v Width of data[], q[]_a, and q[]_b ports. WIDTHAD Integer v Width of the rdaddress_a[], rdaddress_b[], and wraddress[] ports. NUMWORDS Integer — Parameter Description Number of words stored in memory. This value must be within the range 2 ^ WIDTHAD-1 < NUMWORDS <= 2 ^ WIDTHAD. If omitted, the default is 2 ^ WIDTHAD. LPM_FILE String — Name of the Memory Initialization File (.mif) or Hexadecimal (IntelFormat) Output File (.hex) containing RAM initialization data (“ ”), or UNUSED. The default is UNUSED. If omitted, contents default to all 0s. The wren port must be registered to support memory initialization. Altera Corporation March 2007 3–21 RAM Megafunction User Guide Ports and Parameters for the alt3pram Megafunction Parameter WRITE_REG Type Required? Table 3–12. alt3pram Megafunction Parameters String — Description Determines the clock used by the wraddress[] and wren ports. Values are UNREGISTERED and INCLOCK. If omitted, the default is INCLOCK. WRITE_ACLR String — Defines whether aclr affects the wraddress[] port register. Values are ON and OFF. If omitted, the default is ON. RDADDRESS_REG_A String — Determines the clock used by the rdaddress_a[] port. Values are UNREGISTERED, INCLOCK, and OUTCLOCK. If omitted, the default is INCLOCK. RDADDRESS_REG_B String — Determines the clock used by the rdaddress_b[] port. Values are UNREGISTERED, INCLOCK, and OUTCLOCK. If omitted, the default is INCLOCK. RDADDRESS_ACLR_A String — RDADDRESS_ACLR_B String — RDCONTROL_REG_A — Defines whether aclr affects the rdaddress_a[] port. Values are ON and OFF. If omitted, the default is ON. Defines whether aclr affects the rdaddress_b[] port. Values are ON and OFF. If omitted, the default is ON. String Determines the clock used by the rden_a port. Values are UNREGISTERED, INCLOCK, and OUTCLOCK. If omitted, the default is INCLOCK. RDCONTROL_REG_B String — Determines the clock used by the rden_b port. Values are UNREGISTERED, INCLOCK, and OUTCLOCK. If omitted, the default is INCLOCK. RDCONTROL_ACLR_A String — Specifies whether aclr affects the rden_a port register. Values are ON and OFF. If omitted, the default is ON. RDCONTROL_ACLR_B String — INDATA_REG — Specifies whether aclr affects the rden_b port register. Values are ON and OFF. If omitted, the default is ON. String Determines the clock used by the data[] port. Values are UNREGISTERED and INCLOCK. If omitted, the default is INCLOCK. 3–22 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007 Specifications Parameter INDATA_ACLR Type Required? Table 3–12. alt3pram Megafunction Parameters String — Description Defines whether aclr affects the data[] port register. Values are ON and OFF. If omitted, the default is ON. OUTDATA_REG_A String — Determines the clock used by the q_a[] port. Values are UNREGISTERED and OUTCLOCK. If omitted, the default is OUTCLOCK. OUTDATA_REG_B String — Determines the clock used by the q_b[] port. Values are UNREGISTERED and OUTCLOCK. If omitted, the default is OUTCLOCK. OUTDATA_ACLR_A String — OUTDATA_ACLR_B String — Defines whether aclr affects the q_a[] port register. Values are ON and OFF. If omitted, the default is ON. Defines whether aclr affects the q_b[] port register. Values are ON and OFF. If omitted, the default is ON. INTENDED_DEVICE_ String FAMILY — This parameter is used for modeling and behavioral simulation purposes. Create the alt3pram megafunction with the MegaWizard Plug-in Manager to calculate the value for this parameter. LPM_HINT String — Allows you to assign Altera-specific parameters in VHDL Design Files (.vhd). If omitted, the default is UNUSED. LPM_TYPE String — Identifies the library of parameterized modules (LPM) entity name in VHDL Design Files. USE_EAB String — Altera-specific parameter. You must use the LPM_HINT parameter to specify the USE_EAB parameter in VHDL Design Files. Values are ON, OFF, and UNUSED. Setting the USE_EAB parameter to OFF prevents the Quartus II software from using Embedded System Blocks (ESBs) to implement the logic in APEX 20K, APEX II, and Mercury devices, or Embedded Array Blocks (EABs) in ACEX 1K and FLEX 10KE devices; it can only use registers or latches. The ON setting is not useful in memory functions; the Quartus II software automatically implements memory functions in ESBs or EABs by default. This parameter is not available for simulation with other EDA simulators and for FLEX 6000, MAX 3000, and MAX 7000 devices. Altera Corporation March 2007 3–23 RAM Megafunction User Guide Ports and Parameters for the alt3pram Megafunction 3–24 RAM Megafunction User Guide Altera Corporation March 2007
Source Exif Data:
File Type : PDF File Type Extension : pdf MIME Type : application/pdf PDF Version : 1.6 Linearized : No Page Mode : UseOutlines Signing Date : 2007:03:19 19:54:00-07:00 Signing Authority : ARE_Acrobat Collaboration V7.0 P9 0000109 Annotation Usage Rights : Create, Delete, Modify, Copy, Import, Export XMP Toolkit : 3.1-702 Producer : Acrobat Distiller 7.0 (Windows) Copyright : Copyright (c) 2007, Altera Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Creator Tool : FrameMaker 7.2 Modify Date : 2008:10:30 21:37:16-04:00 Create Date : 2007:03:19 18:21:37Z Metadata Date : 2008:10:30 21:37:16-04:00 Format : application/pdf Title : RAM Megafunction User Guide Creator : Altera Corporation Description : RAM Megafunction User Guide Document ID : uuid:b2385822-c114-4752-bc7d-48357559ec63 Instance ID : uuid:eddbd157-64e9-4d6e-9624-925cdf3e3b20 Has XFA : No Page Count : 118 Subject : RAM Megafunction User Guide Author : Altera Corporation Keywords : RAM, megafunction, Quartus II, altsyncram, alt3pram, lpm_ram_dq, altdpram, MegaWizard, memoryEXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools