Materials Manual M 46 01 T 27_T 11 27 T27 T11

User Manual: T-27

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WSDOT Errata to WAQTC FOP for AASHTO T 27_T 11
Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
WAQTC FOP for AASHTO T 27_T 11 has been adopted by WSDOT with the following
changes:
Procedure Method C – Method not recognized by WSDOT.
Sample Preparation
Table 1 Test Sample Sizes for Aggregate Gradation Test – Shall conform to the
following table.
Nominal Maximum Size*in (mm)

WSDOT Materials Manual
January 2018

Minimum Dry Mass lb (kg)

US No. 4

(4.75)

1

(0.5)

¼

(6.3)

2

(1)

⅜

(9.5)

2

(1)

½

(12.5)

5

(2)

⅝

(16.0)

5

(2)

¾

(19.0)

7

(3)

1

(25.0)

13

(6)

1¼

(31.5)

17

(7.5)

1½

(37.5)

20

(9)

2

(50)

22

(10)

2½

(63)

27

(12)

3

(75)

33

(15)

3½

(90)

44

(20)

M 46-01.29

Page 1 of 30

T 27_T 11

Page 2 of 30

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

WSDOT Materials Manual M 46-01.29
January 2018

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

T 27_T 11

FOP for AASHTO T 27
Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

FOP for AASHTO T 11
Materials Finer Than 75 µm (No. 200) Sieve In Mineral Aggregate By Washing

Scope
A sieve analysis, or ‘gradation,’ measures distribution of aggregate particle sizes within a
given sample.
Accurate determination of the amount of material smaller than 75 µm (No. 200) cannot
be made using just AASHTO T 27. If quantifying this material is required, use AASHTO
T 11 in conjunction with AASHTO T 27.
This FOP covers sieve analysis in accordance with AASHTO T 27-14 and materials finer
than 75 µm (No. 200) in accordance with AASHTO T 11-05 performed in conjunction
with AASHTO T 27. The procedure includes three methods: A, B, and C.

Apparatus

• Balance or scale: Capacity sufficient for the masses shown in Table 1, accurate to
0.1 percent of the sample mass or readable to 0.1 g, and meeting the requirements
of AASHTO M 231
• Sieves: Meeting the requirements of ASTM E11
• Mechanical sieve shaker: Meeting the requirements of AASHTO T 27
• Suitable drying equipment (refer to FOP for AASHTO T 255)
• Containers and utensils: A pan or vessel of sufficient size to contain the test sample
covered with water and permit vigorous agitation without loss of test material
or water
• Optional: mechanical washing device

Sample Sieving

• In all procedures, the test sample is shaken in nested sieves. Sieves are selected
to furnish information required by specification. Intermediate sieves are added for
additional information or to avoid overloading sieves, or both.
• The sieves are nested in order of increasing size from the bottom to the top, and
the test sample, or a portion of the test sample, is placed on the top sieve.
• The loaded sieves are shaken in a mechanical shaker for approximately 10 minutes,
refer to Annex A; Time Evaluation.

• Care must be taken so that sieves are not overloaded, refer to Annex B; Overload
Determination. The test sample may be sieved in increments and the mass
retained for each sieve added together from each test sample increment to avoid
overloading sieves.

WSDOT Materials Manual
January 2018

M 46-01.29

Page 3 of 30

T 27_T 11

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

Sample Preparation
Obtain samples according to the FOP for AASHTO T 2 and reduce to test sample size,
shown in Table 1, according to the FOP for AASHTO R 76.
Table 1

Test Sample Sizes for Aggregate Gradation Test

Nominal Maximum Size* mm (in)

Minimum Dry Mass g (lb)

125

(5)

300,000

(660)

100

(4)

150,000

(330)

90

(31/2)

100,000

(220)

75

(3)

60,000

(130)

63

(21/2)

35,000

(77)

50

(2)

20,000

(44)

37.5

(11/2)

15,000

(33)

25.0

(1)

10,000

(22)

19.0

(3/4)

5000

(11)

12.5

(1/2)

2000

(4)

9.5

(3/8)

1000

(2)

6.3

(1/4)

1000

(2)

4.75

(No. 4)

500

(1)

*Nominal maximum size: One sieve larger than the first sieve to retain more
than 10 percent of the material using an agency specified set of sieves based
on cumulative percent retained. Where large gaps between specification
sieves exist, intermediate sieve(s) may be inserted to determine nominal
maximum size.

Test sample sizes in Table 1 are standard for aggregate sieve analysis, due to equipment
restraints samples may need to be divided into several “subsamples.” For example, a
gradation that requires 100 kg (220 lbs) of material would not fit into a large tray shaker
all at once.
Some agencies permit reduced test sample sizes if it is proven that doing so is not
detrimental to the test results. Some agencies require larger test sample sizes. Check
agency guidelines for required or permitted test sample sizes.

Selection of Procedure
Agencies may specify which method to perform. If a method is not specified, perform
Method A.

Overview
Method A
• Determine dry mass of original test sample
• Wash over a 75mm (No. 200) sieve
• Determine dry mass of washed test sample
• Sieve washed test sample
• Calculate and report percent retained and passing each sieve

Page 4 of 30

WSDOT Materials Manual M 46-01.29
January 2018

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

T 27_T 11

Method B
• Determine dry mass of original test sample
• Wash over a 75mm (No. 200) sieve
• Determine dry mass of washed test sample
• Sieve test sample through coarse sieves, 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieves and larger
• Determine dry mass of fine material, minus 4.75 mm (No. 4)
• Reduce fine material
• Determine mass of reduced portion
• Sieve reduced portion
• Calculate and report percent retained and passing each sieve
Method C
• Determine dry mass of original test sample
• Sieve test sample through coarse sieves, 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieves and larger
• Determine mass of fine material, minus 4.75 mm (No. 4)
• Reduce fine material
• Determine mass of reduced portion
• Wash reduced portion over a 75mm (No. 200) sieve
• Determine dry mass of washed reduced portion
• Sieve washed reduced portion
• Calculate and report percent retained and passing each sieve

Procedure Method A
1. Dry the test sample to constant mass according to the FOP for AASHTO T 255.
Cool to room temperature. Determine and record the total dry mass of the sample
to the nearest 0.1 percent or 0.1 g. Designate this mass as M.
When the specification does not require the amount of material finer than 75 µm
(No. 200) be determined by washing, skip to Step 11.
2. Nest a sieve, such as a 2.0 mm (No. 10), above the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve.
3. Place the test sample in a container and cover with water.
Note 1: A detergent, dispersing agent, or other wetting solution may be added to
the water to assure a thorough separation of the material finer than the 75 µm (No.
200) sieve from the coarser particles. There should be enough wetting agent to
produce a small amount of suds when the sample is agitated. Excessive suds may
overflow the sieves and carry material away with them.
4. Agitate vigorously to ensure complete separation of the material finer than 75 µm
(No. 200) from coarser particles and bring the fine material into suspension above
the coarser material. Avoid degradation of the sample when using a mechanical
washing device.
5. Immediately pour the wash water containing the suspended material over the
nested sieves; be careful not to pour out the coarser particles or over fill the 75 µm
(No. 200) sieve.

WSDOT Materials Manual
January 2018

M 46-01.29

Page 5 of 30

T 27_T 11

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

6. Add water to cover material remaining in the container, agitate, and repeat Step 5.
Continue until the wash water is reasonably clear.
7. Remove the upper sieve and return material retained to the washed test sample.
8. Rinse the material retained on the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve until water passing
through the sieve is reasonably clear and detergent or dispersing agent is removed,
if used.
9. Return all material retained on the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve to the container by
rinsing into the washed sample.
Note 2: Excess water may be carefully removed with a bulb syringe; the removed
water must be discharged back over the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve to prevent loss
of fines.
10. Dry the washed test sample to constant mass according to the FOP for AASHTO
T 255. Cool to room temperature. Determine and record the dry mass.
11. Select sieves required by the specification and those necessary to avoid
overloading. With a pan on bottom, nest the sieves increasing in size starting with
the 75 µm (No. 200).
12. Place the test sample, or a portion of the test sample, on the top sieve. Sieves
may already be in the mechanical shaker, if not place sieves in mechanical shaker
and shake for the minimum time determined to provide complete separation for
the sieve shaker being used (approximately 10 minutes, the time determined by
Annex A).
Note 3: Excessive shaking (more than 10 minutes) may result in degradation of the
sample.
13. Determine and record the individual or cumulative mass retained for each sieve and
in the pan. Ensure that all material trapped in full openings of the sieve are removed
and included in the mass retained.
Note 4: For sieves 4.75 mm (No. 4) and larger, check material trapped in less than
a full opening by sieving over a full opening. Use coarse wire brushes to clean the
600 µm (No. 30) and larger sieves, and soft bristle brushes for smaller sieves.
Note 5: In the case of coarse/fine aggregate mixtures, distribute the minus 4.75
mm (No. 4) among two or more sets of sieves to prevent overloading of individual
sieves.
14. Perform the Check Sum calculation – Verify the total mass after sieving agrees with
the dry mass before sieving to within 0.3 percent. The dry mass before sieving is the
dry mass after wash or the original dry mass (M) if performing the sieve analysis
without washing. Do not use test results for acceptance if the Check Sum result is
greater than 0.3 percent.
15. Calculate the total percentages passing, and the individual or cumulative
percentages retained to the nearest 0.1 percent by dividing the individual sieve
masses or cumulative sieve masses by the total mass of the initial dry sample (M).
16. Report total percent passing to 1 percent except report the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve
to 0.1 percent.

Page 6 of 30

WSDOT Materials Manual M 46-01.29
January 2018

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

T 27_T 11

Method A Calculations
Check Sum
+,- ).// 0#12,# /#34356 − 828.9 ).// .18#, /3#4356
!ℎ#$% '() = +,- ).// 0#12,# /#34356 − 828.9 ).// .18#, /3#4356 ×100
+,- ).// 0#12,# /3#4356
!ℎ#$% '() =
×100
+,- ).// 0#12,# /3#4356
Percent Retained

Where:

=@?
=>? = =@? ×100
=>? = @ ×100
@

2,
2,

!@?
!>? = !@? ×100
!>? = @ ×100
@

+,->>>
).//−0#12,#
/3#4356
=>? /#34356
2, − 828.9
>> =).//
100 .18#,
− !>?
!ℎ#$%
'() >>
= =Percent
×100
IPR = Individual
Retained
>> = >>> − =>?+,- ).//
2, 0#12,#
>>/3#4356
= 100 − !>?
CPR = Cumulative Percent Retained
M = Total Dry Sample mass
before 6
washing
4911.3
− 4905.9 6
IMR = Individual
Retained
!ℎ#$%Mass
'()
=
= 0.1%
!@?
=@? 4911.34911.3
6 − 4905.9
6 ×100
CMR = Cumulative
Mass
Retained
!ℎ#$%
=×100
=>? ='()
2, 6 !>?×100
= = 0.1%
×100

Percent Passing (PP)

Where:

@

4911.3 6

@

1343.9 6
= 1343.9
>> = >>>!>?
− =>?
2, 6 ×100
>> =
= 26.0%
100 − !>?
!>? = 5168.7 6 ×100 = 26.0%
5168.7 6

PP = Percent Passing
4911.3 6 − 4905.9 6
>> = 86.0% − 12.0% =×100
74.0%
!ℎ#$%
'() Passing
=
= 0.1%
PPP = Previous
Percent

4911.3
>> = 86.0%
−6
12.0% = 74.0%

+,- ).//
0#12,#
/#34356 − 828.9 ).// .18#, /3#4356
Method A Example
Individual
Mass
Retained
!ℎ#$% '() = +,- ).// 0#12,# /3#4#356 − 828.9 ).// .18#, $2.,/# /3#4356
×100

+,-/3#4#356
).//
/3#4356
!2.,/#
!ℎ#$%
'() sample
= +,- ).//
1343.9
6− 828.9
0#12,#
).// .18#, $2.,/# /3#4356 g×100
Dry mass
of total
before
washing
(M):0#12,#
				5168.7
!>? = +,- ).// 0#12,#
×100 =/3#4356
26.0%
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '() =
×100
5168.7
6 0#12,# /3#4356
+,).//
Dry mass of sample
after
washing:						
4911.3
g
+,- ).// 0#12,# /#34356 − 828.9 ).// .18#, /3#4356
=@?
!@?/3#4356 ×100
!ℎ#$%
'()
=
+,).//
0#12,#
−
828.9
).//135#
.18#,
Total mass after sieving
is equals
− 828.9
).//
.18#,
/3#4356
@L/#34356
+,).//
0#12,#
/3#4356
=>?
=
×100
2,
!>?
=
×100 ×100
!ℎ#$% '()
= !ℎ#$% '()
×100
K35#
@ =+,@
− 828.9
).//
.18#,
135#
/3#4356
@L =
>>
86.0%
−
12.0%
=
74.0%
).//
0#12,#
/3#4356
L
Sum of
Individual
Masses
including
pan:		 ×100 4905.9 g
K35#
!ℎ#$% '()
= Retained (IPR), @
@L
Amount of 75µm (No.=@?
200) minus washed out (5168.7!@?
g – 4911.3 g):
257.4 g
= >>>
−0#12,#
=>? 2,
2, !>?
>>
=
100×100
−
!>?$2.,/# /3#4356
=>? >>
= +,×100
=
).//
/3#4#356
−
828.9
).//
.18#,
=@?
!@?
@ =@?
@!@?
Check !ℎ#$%
Sum '()
!2.,/#
= =
×100
=>?=>?
=
×100
!>?
= =
×100
×100 2,
2,).//
!>?
×100
=@?
!@?
+,0#12,#
@ @
@/3#4356
@

=>? =
×100
2,
!>? =
×100
@ 4911.3 6 − 4905.9 6
@
'()
=
×100
= 0.1%
>>!ℎ#$%
= >>>
− =>?
2,
>> = 100
− !>?
4911.3
6
−
828.9
).//
.18#,
135#
/3#4356
@
>> = >>>
− =>?=>?
2, 2, >> >>
= 100
− !>?
L
= >>>
= 100
− !>? ×100
K35# >>
!ℎ#$%
'() −
=
>>
=
>>>
−
=>?
2,
>>
=
100
!>?for
@
L
The result is less than 0.3 percent
therefore
the results
can be−used
4911.3
6 − 4905.9
6
6 6 ×100 = 0.1%
acceptance purposes.
!ℎ#$% '() = 4911.3 6 1343.9
− 4905.9
@M ×100
4911.3
6
!>?
=
= 26.0%
!ℎ#$% '() =
×100
= 0.1%
?mm
=
5168.7
6
=@?
@(3/8
Individual Percent Retained
(IPR) for
9.5
4911.3
6@
M in) sieve: !@?
=>? =
×100 ? =2, L !>? =
×100
@
@
@L
1343.9 6
×100
= 26.0%
!>?>>
==
86.0% −
12.0%
= 74.0%
1343.9
N=@? 6
?×O= 26.0%
5168.7
6=×100
!>?
=
>> = >>> − =>?
2,
>> +
=Q100 − !>?
N=@?
5168.7
N!@?6=
= ?×O
?×O
Percent Passing (PP)+,9.5).//
mm (3/8
in) sieve:
N!@?
= −
?×O
Q .18#, $2.,/# /3#4356
0#12,#
/3#4#356
828.9+).//
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '() =
×100
>> = 86.0% − 12.0% = 74.0%
+,- ).//
0#12,# /3#4356
@
M
3085.1
6 − 3085.0
6
>> = 86.0%
= 74.0%
?−=12.0%
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '() = 3085.1
@
6
−
3085.0
6 ×100 = 0.0%
L
3085.1 6
!2.,/#
!ℎ#$%
'() ==
×100
= 0.0%
+,).//
0#12,#
/3#4#356
− 828.9 ).// .18#,
$2.,/#
/3#4356
Reported
Percent
Passing
74 percent
6 135# /3#4356
).// .18#,
@L − 828.93085.1
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '() =
×100
).//
0#12,#
828.9 ).//
.18#, $2.,/#
/3#4356
×100
K35#+,!ℎ#$%
'()
= /3#4#356
+,- ).//−0#12,#
/3#4356
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '() =
×100
@L
N=@?
?×O
+,).//=0#12,#
/3#4356

WSDOT Materials Manual
January 2018

M 46-01.29

N!@? = ?×O + Q

@L − 828.9 ).// .18#, 135# /3#4356
!@? ×100
K35# !ℎ#$% '()=@?
= @ − 828.9 ).// .18#, 135# /3#4356
L
=>?'()
= = ×100
2, @L !>? =
×100
×100
K35# !ℎ#$%

Page 7 of 30

T 27_T 11

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

As shown in the following table:
Gradation on All Sieves Individual Mass
Individual Mass
Sieve Size mm (in) Retained g (IMR)

Individual
Percent
Retained (IPR)

Percent Passing
(PP)

Reported
Percent Passing*

19.0

(3/4)

0

0

100.0

100

12.5

(1/2)

724.7

14.0

86.0

86

9.5

(3/8)

619.2

12.0

74.0

74

4.75

(No. 4)

1189.8

23.0

51.0

51

2.36

(No. 8)

877.6

17.0

34.0

34

1.18

(No. 16)

574.8

11.1

22.9

23

0.600

(No. 30)

329.8

6.4

16.5

17

0.300

(No. 50)

228.5

4.4

12.1

12

0.150

(No. 100)

205.7

4.0

8.1

8

0.075

(No. 200)

135.4

2.6

5.5

5.5

Pan

20.4

*Report total percent passing to 1 percent except report the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve to 0.1 percent.

+,- ).//
0#12,#
/#34356 − 828.9 ).// .18#, /3#4356
Method A Example
Cumulative
Mass
Retained
!ℎ#$% '() =

×100
+,- ).//
/3#4356
Dry mass of total sample before washing
(M): 0#12,#
				5168.7
g

Dry mass of sample after
washing:						
+,- ).//
0#12,# /#34356 − 828.9 ).// .18#, /3#4356 4911.3 g
!ℎ#$% '() = +,- =@?
!@?
).// 0#12,#
/#34356
− 828.9
).//
.18#, /3#4356 ×100
/3#4356
Total mass
after
sieving
=>?
×100+,- ).//
2, 0#12,#
!>?
=
×100
!ℎ#$%
'()
= =is equals
×100
@
+,- ).// 0#12,# /3#4356@
Final Cumulative Mass Retained (CMR) in pan:				
4905.9 g

=@?
Amount of 75µm (No. 200)
minus washed out (5168.7 g – !@?
4911.3 g):
Check Sum

=>?
2,
!>?
>> = =@?
>>> ×100
− =>?
2,
>> ==100
− ×100
!>?
!@?
=>? = @ ×100
2,
!>? = @ ×100
@
@
4911.3 6 − 4905.9 6
>> = '()
>>>=− =>?
2,
>> =
100 =
− 0.1%
!>?
!ℎ#$%
×100
>> = >>> − =>? 4911.3
2, 6 >> = 100 − !>?

257.4 g

The result is less than 0.3 percent
therefore
results
4911.3
6 −the
4905.9
6 can be used for acceptance
!ℎ#$% '() = 4911.31343.9
purposes.
6
6 − 4905.9 6 ×100 = 0.1%
= 26.0%
!ℎ#$% '() =!>? = 4911.3 6 ×100 ×100
= 0.1%
5168.7
Cumulative Percent Retained (CPR) for4911.3
9.5 mm6(3/8 in) sieve:

1343.9 6
×100 =
= 74.0%
26.0%
!>?
1343.9−612.0%
>> ==86.0%
!>? = 5168.7 6 ×100 = 26.0%
5168.7 6

Percent Passing (PP) 9.5 mm (3/8 in) sieve:
+,- ).// 0#12,# /3#4#356 − 828.9 ).// .18#, $2.,/# /3#4356
>> = 86.0% − 12.0% = 74.0%
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '() =
×100
+,- ).//
0#12,#
>> = 86.0%
− 12.0%
=/3#4356
74.0%
Reported Percent+,Passing
74 percent
).// =0#12,#
/3#4#356 − 828.9 ).// .18#, $2.,/# /3#4356
).// .18#,
135# /3#4356
@L − 828.9
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '() = +,- ).// 0#12,#
×100
/3#4#356
828.9 ).//
.18#, $2.,/#
+,- ).//−0#12,#
/3#4356
×100 /3#4356 ×100
'() =
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% K35#
'() !ℎ#$%
=
L
+,- ).// @
0#12,#
/3#4356
Page 8 of 30

@L − 828.9 ).// .18#, 135# /3#4356
K35# !ℎ#$% '()
=@? = @L − 828.9 ).// .18#, 135#
!@?
/3#4356 ×100
@!>?
L
= '() =
×100
2,
=
×100×100
K35# =>?
!ℎ#$%
@
@
@L

=@?
=>?
>> = =@?
>>> ×100
− =>?

WSDOT Materials Manual M 46-01.29
January 2018

2,
2,

!@?
!>?
>> ==100
− ×100
!>?
!@?

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

T 27_T 11

As shown in the following table:
Gradation on All Sieves
Sieve Size mm (in)

Cumulative
Mass Retained g
(CMR)

Cumulative
Percent
Retained (CPR)

Percent Passing
(PP)

Reported
Percent Passing*

19.0

(3/4)

0

0.0

100.0

100

12.5

(1/2)

724.7

14.0

86.0

86

9.5

(3/8)

1343.9

26.0

74.0

74

4.75

(No. 4)

2533.7

49.0

51.0

51

2.36

(No. 8)

3411.3

66.0

34.0

34

1.18

(No. 16)

3986.1

77.1

22.9

23

0.600

(No. 30)

4315.9

83.5

16.5

17

0.300

(No. 50)

4544.4

87.9

12.1

12

0.150

(No. 100)

4750.1

91.9

8.1

8

0.075

(No. 200)

4885.5

94.5

5.5

5.5

Pan

4905.9

* Report total percent passing to 1 percent except report the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve to 0.1 percent.

Procedure Method B
1. Dry the test sample to constant mass according to the FOP for AASHTO T 255.
Cool to room temperature. Determine and record the total dry mass of the sample
to the nearest 0.1 percent or 0.1 g. Designate this mass as M.
When the specification does not require the amount of material finer than 75 µm
(No. 200) be determined by washing, skip to Step 11.
2. Nest a protective sieve, such as a 2.0 mm (No. 10), above the 75 µm (No. 200)
sieve.
3. Place the test sample in a container and cover with water.
Note 1: A detergent, dispersing agent, or other wetting solution may be added to
the water to assure a thorough separation of the material finer than the 75 µm (No.
200) sieve from the coarser particles. There should be enough wetting agent to
produce a small amount of suds when the sample is agitated. Excessive suds may
overflow the sieves and carry material away with them.
4. Agitate vigorously to ensure complete separation of the material finer than 75 µm
(No. 200) from coarser particles and bring the fine material into suspension above
the coarser material. Avoid degradation of the sample when using a mechanical
washing device.
5. Immediately pour the wash water containing the suspended material over the
nested sieves; be careful not to pour out the coarser particles or over fill the 75 µm
(No. 200) sieve.
6. Add water to cover material remaining in the container, agitate, and repeat Step 5.
Continue until the wash water is reasonably clear.
7. Remove the upper sieve and return material retained to the washed test sample.

WSDOT Materials Manual
January 2018

M 46-01.29

Page 9 of 30

T 27_T 11

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

8. Rinse the material retained on the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve until water passing
through the sieve is reasonably clear and detergent or dispersing agent is removed,
if used.
9. Return all material retained on the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve to the container by
rinsing into the washed sample.
Note 2: Excess water may be carefully removed with a bulb syringe; the removed
water must be discharged back over the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve to prevent loss of
fines.
10. Dry the washed test sample to constant mass according to the FOP for AASHTO T
255. Cool to room temperature. Determine and record the dry mass.
11. Select sieves required by the specification and those necessary to avoid
overloading. With a pan on bottom, nest the sieves increasing in size starting with
the 4.75 mm (No. 4).
12. Place the test sample, or a portion of the test sample, on the top sieve. Sieves may
already be in the mechanical shaker, if not place the sieves in the mechanical shaker
and shake for the minimum time determined to provide complete separation for
the sieve shaker being used (approximately 10 minutes, the time determined by
Annex A).
Note 3: Excessive shaking (more than 10 minutes) may result in degradation of
the sample.
13. Determine and record the individual or cumulative mass retained for each sieve.
Ensure that all particles trapped in full openings of the sieve are removed and
included in the mass retained.
Note 4: For sieves 4.75 mm (No. 4) and larger, check material trapped in less than
a full opening by sieving over a full opening. Use coarse wire brushes to clean the
600 µm (No. 30) and larger sieves, and soft hair bristle for smaller sieves.
14. Determine and record the mass of the minus 4.75 mm (No. 4) material in the pan.
Designate this mass as M1.
15. Perform the Coarse Check Sum calculation – Verify the total mass after coarse sieving
agrees with the dry mass before sieving to within 0.3 percent. The dry mass before
sieving is the dry mass after wash or the original dry mass (M) if performing the
sieve analysis without washing. Do not use test results for acceptance if the Check
Sum result is greater than 0.3 percent.
16. Reduce the minus 4.75 mm (No. 4) according to the FOP for AASHTO R 76 to
produce a sample with a minimum mass of 500 g. Determine and record the mass
of the minus 4.75 mm (No. 4) split, designate this mass as M2.
17. Select sieves required by the specification and those necessary to avoid
overloading. With a pan on bottom, nest the sieves increasing in size starting with
the 75 µm (No. 200) up to, but not including, the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve.
18. Place the test sample portion on the top sieve and place the sieves in the
mechanical shaker. Shake for the minimum time determined to provide complete
separation for the sieve shaker being used (approximately 10 minutes, the time
determined by Annex A).

Page 10 of 30

WSDOT Materials Manual M 46-01.29
January 2018

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

T 27_T 11

19. Determine and record
the individual
or cumulative
for each sieve
+,- ).//
0#12,# /#34356
− 828.9 mass
).// retained
.18#, /3#4356
×100
and!ℎ#$%
in the'()
pan. =
Ensure
that
all
particles
trapped
in
full
openings
of
the sieve
are
+,-/#34356
).// 0#12,#
/3#4356
+,- ).// 0#12,#
− 828.9
).// .18#, /3#4356
!ℎ#$% and
'()included
=
×100
removed
in the mass retained.
+,- ).// 0#12,# /3#4356
Note 4: For sieves 4.75 mm (No. 4) and larger, check material trapped in less than
!@? brushes to clean the
=@?
a full opening =>?
by sieving
over
a full opening.
coarse
=
×100
2, Use
!>?
= wire ×100
@ sieves, and soft hair bristle !@?
@smaller sieves.
600 µm (No. 30) and =@?
larger
for

=>? =

×100

2,

!>? =

×100

20. Perform the Fine Check@
Sum calculation – Verify the total@
mass after sieving agrees
+,).//
0#12,#
/#34356
−
828.9
).//
/3#4356
)
to
within
0.3
percent.
Do!>?
not
use test results
with the dry mass
before
sieving
(M
>> = >>> − =>? 2
2,
>> = 100.18#,
−
!ℎ#$%
'()
=
×100
for acceptance >>
if the
result
is
than
0.3 percent.
+,).//
0#12,#
/3#4356
= Check
>>> −Sum
=>?
2,greater
>>
= 100
− !>?

21. Calculate to the nearest 0.1 percent, the Individual Mass Retained (IMR) or
4911.3 6 − 4905.9 6
Cumulative Mass
Retained
(CMR) of the size increment
of =
the0.1%
reduced sample and
!ℎ#$%
'()
×100
!@?
=@?= 4911.34911.3
6
6 − 4905.9
6
the original sample.
=>?
= '() =×100
2,
!>?×100
=
×100
!ℎ#$%
= 0.1%

@

@

4911.3 6

22. Calculate the total percent passing.

1343.9except
6
23. Report total percent passing
to 1=percent
report
the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve
!>?
×100
= 100
26.0%
>>
=
>>>
−
=>?
2,
>>
=
− !>?
1343.9
5168.7
6
to 0.1 percent.
!>? =

×100 = 26.0%
5168.7 6
Method B Calculations
4911.3 6 − 4905.9 6 74.0%
!ℎ#$% '() =>> = 86.0% − 12.0% =
×100 = 0.1%
Check Sum
4911.3−612.0% = 74.0%
>> = 86.0%

+,- ).// 0#12,# /3#4#356 − 828.9 ).// .18#, $2.,/# /3#4356
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '() =
×100
1343.9
6−0#12,#
+,- ).//
/3#4356
+,- ).// 0#12,#
/3#4#356
828.9 =
).//
.18#, $2.,/# /3#4356
!>?
=
×100
26.0%
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '() =
×100
5168.7
6 0#12,# /3#4356
+,- ).//

@L − 828.9 ).// .18#, 135# /3#4356
×100
K35# !ℎ#$% '() =
>>
− 12.0%
=135#
74.0%
@
828.9 ).//
.18#,
/3#4356
@L=− 86.0%
L
×100
K35# !ℎ#$% '() =
@L
Percent Retained for 4.75 mm (No. 4) and larger
+,- ).//
.18#, $2.,/# /3#4356
=@? 0#12,# /3#4#356 − 828.9 ).//
!@?
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '()=>?
= =
×100
×100 +,-2,
!>?
=
×100
).// 0#12,# /3#4356
=@?
!@?
@
@
Where:

=>? =

@

×100

2,

!>? =

@

×100

).// .18#,
>> = >>> − @
=>?
>> =135#
100/3#4356
− !>?
L − 828.92,

×100
!ℎ#$%
'() =
IPR =K35#
Individual
Percent
Retained
@>>
>>
=
>>>
−
=>?
2,
=
100
−
!>?
L
CPR = Cumulative Percent Retained
M = Total dry test sample mass before washing
@M
IMR = Individual Mass
=@?Retained ? = @ML
!@?
CMR = Cumulative
Retained ? =
=>? = Mass×100
2,
!>? =
×100

@

@

L
Percent Passing (PP) for 4.75 mm (No. 4) and larger

@

N=@? = ?×O
>> = >>> − =>?N!@?
>> =
100 − !>?
= ?×O
?×O
+Q
N=@? 2,
=
N!@? = ?×O + Q
Where:
PP = Percent Passing
@M
3085.1
PPP =!2.,/#
Previous!ℎ#$%
Percent'()
Passing
? =6 − 3085.0 6 ×100 = 0.0%
=
3085.13085.1
6@−
6
L 3085.0
6
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '() =
×100 = 0.0%
3085.1 6
N=@? = ?×O
N!@? = ?×O + Q

WSDOT Materials Manual
January 2018

M 46-01.29
!2.,/#

!ℎ#$% '() =

3085.1 6 − 3085.0 6
×100 = 0.0%
3085.1 6

Page 11 of 30

T 27_T 11

@L − 828.9 ).// .18#, 135# /3#4356
×100 /3#4356
K35# !ℎ#$%
'()
=
1343.9
6 −
+,0#12,#
/3#4#356
−@
828.9
).// .18#,
.18#, /3#4356
$2.,/#
+,-).//
).//
0#12,#
/#34356
828.9
).//
L
!>?
=
×100
=
26.0%
Sieve
Analysis
of
Fine
and
Coarse
Aggregates
!2.,/# !ℎ#$%
×100
!ℎ#$%'()
'()==
×100
5168.7
6
).//
0#12,#
/3#4356
+,-+,).//
0#12,#
/3#4356

!@?
=@?
Minus 4.75mm (No.
factor (R)
=>?4)=adjustment
×100
2,
!>?
=
×100
−
828.9
).//
.18#,
135#
/3#4356
@
>>
=
86.0%
−
12.0%
=
74.0%
L
!@?
=@?
@
@
×100 factor, the
!ℎ#$%
=>?
= '() =×100
2,is multiplied
!>?
=
×100
The mass of K35#
material
retained
for each sieve
by
the
adjustment
@L
@
@
total mass of the minus 4.75 mm (No. 4) from the pan, M1, divided by the mass of the
+,- ).//
/3#4#356
828.9
).//
.18#,
/3#4356
.−
For
consistency,
this
adjustment
factor is
reduced split of minus
4.750#12,#
mm (No.
4), M22,
>>
= 100
− $2.,/#
!>?
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '() = >> = >>> − =>?
×100
carried to three decimal
places.
+,).//
0#12,#
/3#4356
!@?
=@?
>> = >>> − =>?
2,
>> = 100 − !>?
=>? =

Where:

@

×100

2,

@M

@

×100

= .18#, 135#
).//
@L − 828.9 ?
6 /3#4356 ×100
@L
K35# !ℎ#$%
'()'()
= = 4911.3 6 − 4905.9
!ℎ#$%
= !>?
0.1%
>> = >>> − =>?
2, @ >> =×100
100 −
4911.3 6L

R = minus 4.75 mm (No. 4) adjustment factor
N=@? = ?×O
M1 = total mass
of minus 4.75 mm (No. @
4)Mbefore reducing
!@?
=@?
1343.9
6
N!@?
=4.75
?×O
+ Q4) ×100
=>? of
= the reduced
×100
2,
!>?
=
?
=
M2 = mass
split
of
minus
mm
(No.
!>? =
×100 = 26.0%

@

@L6
5168.7

Adjusted Individual Mass Retained (AIMR):

Where:

!>? =

@

3085.1 6 − 3085.0 6
!ℎ#$%
!2.,/#
>> = >>>
−'()
=>? = N=@?
2, = ?×O
>> = 100 −×100
!>? = 0.0%
>> = 86.0%
− 12.0%
3085.1
6 = 74.0%
N!@? = ?×O + Q

@
AIMR = Adjusted Individual Mass Retained

M
+,- ).// 0#12,#
− 828.9 ).// .18#, $2.,/# /3#4356
? /3#4#356
= factor
R = minus
!2.,/# !ℎ#$%
'() 4.75
= mm (No. 4) adjustment
×100
@
3085.1
6
−
3085.0
6
L
+,- ).//
0#12,#
/3#4356
B = individual
of'()
the size
in the
reduced
portion=sieved
!ℎ#$%
= increment
×100
0.0%
!2.,/# mass
3085.1 6
Adjusted Cumulative Mass Retained (ACMR)
N=@?
= ?×O
@
L − 828.9 ).// .18#, 135# /3#4356
×100
K35# !ℎ#$% '() = N!@? = ?×O + Q
@L

Where:

ACMR = Adjusted Cumulative
Mass6Retained
3085.1
− 3085.0 6
=@?
!@?
R !2.,/#
= minus 4.75
mm
(No.=4) adjustment factor
!ℎ#$%
'()
=×100
0.0%
=>? =
×100 3085.1
2, 6 !>? ×100
=
B = cumulative mass@of the size increment in the reduced@portion sieved
D = cumulative mass of plus 4.75mm (No. 4) portion of sample

>> = >>>
− =>?
2,
Method B Example Individual
Mass
Retained

>> = 100 − !>?

Dry mass of total sample, before washing: 					

@M
Dry mass of sample after washing: 						
?=
@L

3214.0 g
3085.1 g

Total mass after sieving

Sum of Individual Masses Retained (IPR) and pan 			

N=@? = ?×O
Amount of 75 µm (No. 200) minus washed out (3214.0 g – 3085.1 g):
N!@? = ?×O + Q

3085.0 g
128.9 g

Coarse Check Sum

!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '() =

3085.1 6 − 3085.0 6
×100 = 0.0%
3085.1 6

The result is less than 0.3 percent therefore the results can be used for acceptance
purposes.
Individual Percent Retained (IPR) for 9.5 mm (3/8 in) sieve

=>? =
Page 12 of 30

481.4 6
×100 = 15.0%
3214.0 6

>> = 95.0% − 15.0% =WSDOT
80.0%Materials Manual

M 46-01.29
January 2018

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

T 27_T 11

481.4 6
=>? =
×100 = 15.0%
3214.0 6

Percent Passing (PP) for 9.5 mm (3/8 in) sieve:

>> = 95.0% − 15.0% = 80.0%

As shown in the following table:

512.8 6 − 511.8 6
K35#on
!ℎ#$%
'()Sieves
=
× 100 = 0.2%
Gradation
Coarse
Individual
512.8 6 Mass
Sieve Size
mm (in)

16.0

(5/8)

12.5

(1/2)

9.50

(3/8)

Individual
Individual
Mass Retained
Percent
g@
(IMR)
Retained
(IPR)
1,966.7 6
M

?=

@0L

=

161.1
481.4

512.8 6

=0 3.835

Percent Passing
(PP)
100

5.0

95.0

15.0

80.0

N=@? = 3.835 × 207.1 6 = 794.2 6
4.75 (No. 4)
475.8
14.8
794.2
6
Pan =>? =1966.7 (M1) ×100 = 24.7%
3214.0 6

65.2

Total mass after sieving = sum of sieves + pan = 3085.0

Dry mass of total sample, before washing (M): 3214.0 g

Fine Test Sample

>> = 65.2% − 24.7% = 40.5%

The pan, M1 (1966.7 g), was reduced according to the FOP for AASHTO R 76, to at
6−
3085.0 6 to be 512.8 g. This is M2.
least 500 g. In this case, the reduced 3085.1
mass was
determined
STUVWX SYXZ[ \]^ =481.4 6
×100 = 0.0%
3085.1
6 15.0%
=>? =
×100 =
The reduced mass was sieved.
Total mass after sieving equals

3214.0 6

642.5 6
>> = 95.0%
− 15.0%
3214.0
6 = 80.0%

Sum of Individual Masses Retained
pan 			
!>? = (IPR) and ×100
= 20.0%

Fine Check Sum

511.8 g

481.4
512.866 − 511.8 6
>>'()
==100.0%
− 20.0%
80.0%
=>?
×100 ==15.0%
K35# !ℎ#$%
=
× 100 = 0.2%
3214.0 512.8
6
6

The result is less than 0.3 percent therefore
results
512.8 6the
− 511.8
6 can be used for acceptance
K35# !ℎ#$%
'()
=
× 100 = 0.2%
purposes.
@
1,966.7
6
>> = 95.0%
− 15.0% = 80.0%
M
?=
= 512.8 6 = 3.835
@LIndividual
512.8Mass
6 Retained (AIMR) on minus 4.75
Adjustment Factor (R) for Adjusted
(No. 4) sieves
6 − 511.8
@=M 512.8
1,966.7
6 6 × 100 = 0.2%
K35#retained
!ℎ#$% '()
The mass of material
for
each
sieve
is
multiplied
by the adjustment factor (R)
?
=
=
512.8
6 = 3.835
N=@? =@
3.835 ×
207.1
512.8
6 6 = 794.2 6
L
carried to three decimal places. 794.2
6

=>? =

×100 = 24.7%
3214.0
6
@M 1,966.7 6
N!@?
794.2 6
? == 3.835
= × 207.1 6= =
3.835
@L
512.8 6
>> = 65.2% − 24.7% = 40.5%
Where:
_!@?
= 794.2
6 + 1118.3
R = minus 4.75 mm (No.
factor 6 = 1912.5 6
N=@? 4)
=adjustment
3.835 × 207.1
6 = 794.2 6
M1 = total mass of minus 4.75 mm (No. 4) from the pan
794.2
6
3085.1
6
− 3085.0
M2 = mass of the=>?
reduced
of
minus
4.75
(No.64)
= split
×100
=mm
24.7%
STUVWX SYXZ[ \]^
=
×100 = 0.0%
3214.0 6 3085.1 6
Each “individual mass retained” on the fine sieves must be multiplied by R to obtain the
Adjusted Individual Mass Retained.

WSDOT Materials Manual
January 2018

>> = 65.2%
− 24.7%
= 40.5%
642.5
6
!>? =
×100 = 20.0%
3214.0 6

3085.1 6 − 3085.0 6
STUVWX
SYXZ[ \]^ =
×100 = 0.0%
M 46-01.29
>> = 100.0% −3085.1
20.0%6= 80.0%

Page 13 of 30

T 27_T 11

>> = 95.0% −512.8
15.0%
6 = 80.0%

512.8 6 − 511.8 6
Sieve Analysis
of =
Fine
and Coarse Aggregates
K35# !ℎ#$% '() =
× 100
0.2%
512.8
6
512.8
6 − 511.8
6
@
1,966.7
6
M
K35# !ℎ#$%?'()
× 100 = 0.2%
= = = 512.8 6 = 3.835
@L
512.8 6
Adjusted Individual Mass Retained (AIMR) for 2.00 mm (No. 10) sieve

@M 1,966.7 6
?=
=
= 3.835
@ML 1,966.7
512.8
666 = 794.2 6
N=@?
=
3.835
×
207.1
?=
=
= 3.835
@L 6512.8 6
794.2
=>? (IPR)
= for 2.00×100
= 24.7%
Individual Percent Retained
mm (No.
10) sieve:
3214.0
N=@? =
3.8356× 207.1 6 = 794.2 6
N=@? =794.2
3.8356× 207.1 6 = 794.2 6
=>? =
×100 = 24.7%
794.2 66
3214.0
24.7%
= 40.5%
=>?>>= = 65.2% −
×100
= 24.7%
3214.0 6
Percent Passing (PP) 2 mm (No. 10) sieve:

>> = 65.2%
− 24.7%
= 40.5%
3085.1
6 − 3085.0
6
STUVWX SYXZ[>>
\]^
=
×100 = 0.0%
= 65.2% − 3085.1
24.7% =
40.5%
6
As shown in the following table:
3085.1 6 − 3085.0 6
STUVWX SYXZ[ \]^ =
×100 = 0.0%
3085.1
66− 3085.0
6
3085.1
6
Final Gradation on All Sieves Individual
Mass
642.5
=
STUVWX SYXZ[ \]^
×100 = 0.0%
!>? =
×100
= 20.0%
3085.1
6
3214.0 6
Adjusted
Individual
Reported
Individual Mass Individual
Mass
Percent
Percent
Percent
642.5 6
!>?Retained
=
×100
= 20.0%
Sieve Size mm (in) Retained, g (IMR)
(AIMR)
Retained
(IPR) Passing (PP) Passing*
642.5 66
3214.0
= 100.0%
− 20.0%
= 80.0%
=
×100
=
16.0
(5/8)
0 >> !>?
0.020.0% 100.0
100
3214.0 6
12.5
9.5

4.75
2.00
0.425
0.210

(1/2)

161.1

5.0

95.0

95

>> = 100.0%
512.8−620.0%
− 511.8=680.0%
(3/8)
481.4
15.0
80.0
K35# !ℎ#$%
'()
=
× 100 = 0.2%
481.4
6
>>
=
100.0%
−
20.0%
=
80.0%
512.8
6 = 15.0%
(No. 4)
475.8
14.8
65.2
=>? =
×100
3214.0 6

80

65

(No. 10)

207.1 × 3.835
794.2
40.5
512.8
6 − 511.8 624.7
K35# !ℎ#$% '() =
× 100 = 0.2%
(No. 40) 187.9 × 3.835 @ 512.8
720.6
18.1
512.8
6
6 − 511.8
622.4
1,966.7
6
M
K35# !ℎ#$%?'()
=
× 100 = 0.2%
=
=
=
3.835
>> = @
95.0%229.7
−512.8
15.0%
(No. 80) 59.9 × 3.835
7.1
11.0
512.8
66 = 80.0%

0.075 (No. 200)
Pan

49.1 × 3.835

41
18
11

L

5.9
5.1
@M 188.3
1,966.7 6
?=
= 29.96 − 511.8
= 3.835
7.8 × 3.835
@ML 512.8
1,966.7
512.8
666 =6 ×
N!@?
=
3.835
×
207.1
794.2
6 0.2%
K35#Total
!ℎ#$%
'()
=
100 =
?=
= on512.8
= 3.835
Sum
of masses
fine sieves
+ pan = 511.8
@L
512.8
66

5.1

Dry mass of total sample, before washing: 3214.0 g

N!@?
=
3.835
×report
207.1the6675=
794.2
66 sieve to 0.1 percent.
_!@?
794.2
6+
1118.3
=µm1912.5
* Report total percent passing
to 1 =
percent
except
(No. 200)

@M 1,966.7
6
N!@?
794.2 6
? == 3.835
= × 207.1 6= =
3.835
@
512.8
6
L
Method B Example Cumulative
_!@?Mass
= 794.2Retained
6 + 1118.3 6 = 1912.5 6
Dry mass of total sample,
before
washing:					
_!@?
= 794.2
6 + 1118.3 6 = 1912.5 6
N=@?
= 3.835
× 75
207.1
= 200)
794.2
6
Dry mass of sample, after
washing
out the
µm6(No.
minus:		
794.2 6
=
×100 = 24.7%
Total mass after sieving =>?
equals
3214.0 6

Cumulative Mass Retained (CMR) on the 4.75 (No. 4) plus the pan:

Amount of 75 µm (No. 200) minus washed out (3214.0 g – 3085.1 g):
Coarse Check Sum

>> = 65.2% − 24.7% = 40.5%

STUVWX SYXZ[ \]^ =

3214.0 g
3085.1 g
3085.0 g
128.9 g

3085.1 6 − 3085.0 6
×100 = 0.0%
3085.1 6

The result is less than 0.3 percent therefore the results can be used for acceptance
purposes.
642.5 6

!>? =

Page 14 of 30

3214.0 6

×100 = 20.0%

>> = 100.0% − 20.0% =WSDOT
80.0%Materials Manual

M 46-01.29
January 2018

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

>> = 65.2% − 24.7% = 40.5%
>> = 65.2% − 24.7% = 40.5%

T 27_T 11

3085.1 6 − 3085.0 6
STUVWX SYXZ[ \]^ = 3085.1 6 − 3085.0 6 ×100 = 0.0%
3085.1 6
STUVWX SYXZ[ \]^481.4
=
×100 = 0.0%
Cumulative Percent Retained (CPR)
for 6
9.5 3085.1
mm (3/8 in)
6 sieve
=>? =
×100 = 15.0%
3214.0 6
642.5 6
!>? = 642.5 6 ×100 = 20.0%
!>? = 3214.0 6 ×100 = 20.0%
>> = 95.0%3214.0
− 15.0%
6 = 80.0%
Percent Passing (PP) for 9.5 mm (3/8 in) sieve

>> = 100.0% − 20.0% = 80.0%
512.8 6−−20.0%
511.8 6= 80.0%
>>
= 100.0%
K35# !ℎ#$% '() =
× 100 = 0.2%

512.8 6
512.8
6 − 511.8 6
Reported Percent Passing = 80
percent
K35# !ℎ#$% '() = 512.8 6 − 511.8 6 × 100 = 0.2%
512.8 6
As shown in the following
table:
K35# !ℎ#$%
'()
× 100 = 0.2%
@M = 1,966.7
66
512.8
?=
=
= 3.835
@L
512.8
Gradation on Coarse Sieves Cumulative
Mass6
Sieve Size mm (in)
16.0

(5/8)

12.5

(1/2)

9.50

(3/8)

4.75

(No. 4)

Mass in Pan

@

1,966.7 6

M
Cumulative
Cumulative
Percent
? = @MMass
= 1,966.7
6 = 3.835
@
Retained
(CPR)
? = g L(CMR)
= 512.8 6Retained
= 3.835

N=@? = 3.835
207.166 = 794.2 6
@ ×512.8
0 L
0
794.2 6
×100
=
24.7%
=>?
=
161.1
5.0
N!@?3214.0
= 3.835
6 × 207.1 6 = 794.2 6
20.0
N!@?642.5
= 3.835 × 207.1 6 =
794.2 6
1118.3 (D)

Percent Passing (PP)

34.8

_!@?
6 + 1118.3 6 = 1912.5 6
>> =
= 794.2
65.2%
(M1) − 24.7% = 40.5%
_!@?1966.7
= 794.2
6 + 1118.3 6 = 1912.5 6

100
95.0
80.0
65.2

Cumulative sieved mass: 1118.3 + 1966.7 = 3085.0
Dry mass of total sample,
washing6(M): 3214.0 g
3085.1before
6 − 3085.0

STUVWX SYXZ[ \]^ =

×100 = 0.0%

3085.1
The mass of minus 4.75 mm (No. 4) material
in the6 pan, M1 (1966.7 g), was reduced
according to the FOP for AASHTO R 76, to at least 500 g. In this case, the reduced
mass was determined to be 512.8 g. This is M2.
The reduced mass was sieved.
!>? =
Total mass after sieving equals

642.5 6
×100 = 20.0%
3214.0 6

Final Cumulative Mass Retained (CMR) in pan:			

Fine Check Sum

>> = 100.0% − 20.0% = 80.0%

K35# !ℎ#$% '() =

511.8 g

512.8 6 − 511.8 6
× 100 = 0.2%
512.8 6

The result is less than 0.3 percent therefore the results can be used for acceptance
@M 1,966.7 6
purposes.

?=

=

= 3.835

512.8
6 sieve is multiplied by the adjustment
L
The cumulative mass of material@retained
for each
factor (R) carried to three decimal places and added to the cumulative mass retained
on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve, D, to obtain the Adjusted Cumulative Mass Retained
N!@? = 3.835 × 207.1 6 = 794.2 6
(ACMR).
_!@? = 794.2 6 + 1118.3 6 = 1912.5 6

WSDOT Materials Manual
January 2018

M 46-01.29

Page 15 of 30

3085.1 6
>> = 100.0% − 20.0% = 80.0%
642.5 6 Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
!>? = 642.5 6 ×100 = 20.0%
3214.0 6 ×100 = 20.0%
!>? =512.8
6 − 511.8 6
K35# !ℎ#$% '() = 3214.0 6
× 100 = 0.2%

T 27_T 11

Adjustment factor (R) for Cumulative Mass
Retained
(CMR) in minus 4.75 (No. 4)
512.8
6
sieves
>> = 100.0% − 20.0% = 80.0%
Where:

>> = 100.0% − 20.0% = 80.0%
@M 1,966.7 6
?=
=
= 3.835
512.8
6−6
511.8
6
512.8
K35# !ℎ#$% '()@=L
× 100 = 0.2%
K35# !ℎ#$% '() =

512.8512.8
6 − 511.8
6
6
× 100 = 0.2%
512.8 6

R = minus 4.75N!@?
mm (No.
adjustment
factor
=4)3.835
× 207.1
6 = 794.2 6
M1 = total mass of minus @
4.75
mm
(No.
4)6from the pan
1,966.7
M
?=@
3.835
M2= mass of the reduced
split=of1,966.7
minus 4.75
(No. 4)
6 =mm

@ML

512.8 6

? =794.2=6 + 1118.3 =
3.835
=
1912.5
Adjusted Cumulative_!@?
Mass =
Retained
2.00
mm6(No. 10) sieve
@L (ACMR)
512.8 6for6the
N!@? = 3.835 × 207.1 6 = 794.2 6
N!@? = 3.835 × 207.1 6 = 794.2 6

Total Cumulative Mass Retained (TCMR) for the 2.00 mm (No. 10) sieve
_!@? = 794.2 6 + 1118.3 6 = 1912.5 6
_!@? = 794.2 6 + 1118.3 6 = 1912.5 6
Cumulative Percent Retained (CPR) for 2.00 mm (No. 10) sieve:

1912.5 6
!>? =
×100 = 59.5%
1912.5
3214.0
6 6
!>? =
×100 = 59.5%
3214.0 6

Percent Passing (PP) 2.00 mm (No. 10) sieve:

>> = 100.0% − 59.5% = 40.5%
>> = 100.0% − 59.5% = 40.5%

@ − 828.9 ).// .18#, $2.,/# /3#4356
Reported
Passing
!2.,/#Percent
$ℎ#$% /()
= = 41 percent
×100
@ − 828.9 ).//@.18#, $2.,/# /3#4356
As shown in
the
following
table:
!2.,/# $ℎ#$% /() =
×100
@
Final Gradation on
All).//
Sieves
Cumulative
+,0#12,#
/3#4356Mass
− 828.9 ).// .18#, 135# /3#4356
K35# $ℎ#$% /() =
×100
Total
+,- ).// 0#12,#
− 828.9
).// .18#, 135# /3#4356
+,- /3#4356
).// 0#12,#
/3#4356
K35# $ℎ#$% /() = Cumulative
×100
Adjusted
Cumulative Cumulative
+,- ).// 0#12,# /3#4356
Sieve Size mm (in)

Mass
Cumulative
Mass
Retained g
Mass
Retained,
Retained
!@?
×100 g (TCMR)
(CMR) !>? = g (ACMR)

@!@?
!>? =
×100
@

16.0

(5/8)

12.5

(1/2)

9.5

(3/8)

642.5

4.75

(No. 4)

1118.3

2.00

− !@?
(No. 10) 207.1 × 3.835@794.2
+ 1118.3

0.425
0.210
0.075

0

161.1

0.0

100.0

100

161.1

5.0

95.0

95

20.0

80.0

80

34.8

65.2

65

59.5

40.5

41

81.9

18.1

18

89.1

10.9

11

94.9

5.1

5.1

1912.5

× 100
@@− !@?
(No. 40) 395.0 × 3.835 1514.8
+ 1118.3 2633.1
× 100
(No. 80) 454.9 × 3.835 1744.5
@+ 1118.3 2862.8

(No. 200) 504.0 × 3.835 1932.8
1118.3 3051.1
!@?+`#b
=
×100 3081.1
!>?
`#b 1962.8
Pan
511.8 × 3.835
+ 1118.3
!@?
@
`#b

=

c

Percent Reported
Passing Percent
(PP)
Passing*

0

>> = 100 − !>?
642.5
>> = 100 − 1118.3
!>?

!>?

Percent
Retained
(CPR)

×100

`#b
Total sum
of masses@
on fine sieves + pan = 511.8
c

Dry mass of total sample, before washing: 3214.0 g

>>
= 100 − !>?
>>`#b = 100 − !>?`#b

`#b
`#b75 µm (No. 200) sieve to 0.1 percent.
* Report total percent passing to 1 percent
except report the

Page 16 of 30

>>`#b ×#4 >>
WSDOT Materials Manual M 46-01.29
>> =
>>100
`#b ×#4 >>
January 2018
>> =
100

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

T 27_T 11

Procedure Method C
1

Dry the test sample to constant mass according to the FOP for AASHTO T 255.
Cool to room temperature. Determine and record the total dry mass of the sample
to the nearest 0.1 percent or 0.1 g. Designate this mass as M.

2. Break up any aggregations or lumps of clay, silt or adhering fines to pass the 4.75
mm (No. 4) sieve.
3. Select sieves required by the specification and those necessary to avoid
overloading. With a pan on bottom, nest the sieves increasing in size starting with
the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve.
4. Place the sample, or a portion of the sample, on the top sieve. Sieves may already
be in the mechanical shaker, if not place the sieves in the mechanical shaker
and shake for the minimum time determined to provide complete separation for
the sieve shaker being used (approximately 10 minutes, the time determined by
Annex A).
Note 3: Excessive shaking (more than 10 minutes) may result in degradation of the
sample.
5. Determine and record the cumulative mass retained for each sieve. Ensure that
all material trapped in full openings of the sieve are removed and included in the
mass retained.
Note 4: For sieves 4.75 mm (No. 4) and larger, check material trapped in less than a
full opening sieving over a full opening. Use coarse wire brushes to clean the 600
µm (No. 30) and larger sieves, and soft bristle brush for smaller sieves.
6. Determine and record the mass of the minus 4.75 mm (No. 4) material in the pan.
Designate this mass as M1.
7. Perform the Coarse Check Sum calculation –Verify the total mass after coarse sieving
agrees with the dry mass before sieving (M) within 0.3 percent.
8. Reduce the minus 4.75 mm (No. 4) according to the FOP for AASHTO R 76, to
produce a sample with a minimum mass of 500 g.
9. Determine and record the mass of the minus 4.75 mm (No. 4) split, designate this
mass as M3.
10. Nest a protective sieve, such as a 2.0 mm (No. 10), above the 75 µm (No. 200)
sieve.
11. Place the test sample in a container and cover with water.
Note 1: A detergent, dispersing agent, or other wetting solution may be added to
the water to assure a thorough separation of the material finer than the 75 µm (No.
200) sieve from the coarser particles. There should be enough wetting agent to
produce a small amount of suds when the sample is agitated. Excessive suds may
overflow the sieves and carry material away with them.
12. Agitate vigorously to ensure complete separation of the material finer than 75 µm
(No. 200) from coarser particles and bring the fine material into suspension above
the coarser material. Avoid degradation of the sample when using a mechanical
washing device.

WSDOT Materials Manual
January 2018

M 46-01.29

Page 17 of 30

T 27_T 11

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

13. Immediately pour the wash water containing the suspended material over the
nested sieves; be careful not to pour out the coarser particles or over fill the 75 µm
(No. 200) sieve.
14. Add water to cover material remaining in the container, agitate, and repeat Step 12.
Repeat until the wash water is reasonably clear.
15. Remove the upper sieve and return material retained to the washed test sample.
16. Rinse the material retained on the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve until water passing
through the sieve is reasonably clear and detergent or dispersing agent is removed,
if used.
17. Return all material retained on the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve to the container by
flushing into the washed sample.
Note 2: Excess water may be carefully removed with a bulb syringe; the removed
water must be discharged back over the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve to prevent loss of
fines.
18. Dry the washed test sample to constant mass according to the FOP for AASHTO
T 255. Cool to room temperature. Determine and record the dry mass, designate
this mass as dry mass before sieving.
19. Select sieves required by the specification and those necessary to avoid
overloading. With a pan on bottom, nest the sieves increasing in size starting with
the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve up to, but not including, the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve.
20. Place the sample on the top sieve. Place the sieves in the mechanical shaker
and shake for the minimum time determined to provide complete separation for
the sieve shaker being used (approximately 10 minutes, the time determined by
Annex A).
Note 3: Excessive shaking (more than 10 minutes) may result in degradation of the
sample.
21. Determine and record the cumulative mass retained for each sieve. Ensure that all
material trapped in full openings of the sieve are removed and included in the mass
retained.
Note 4: For sieves 4.75 mm (No. 4) and larger, check material trapped in less than
a full opening by sieving over a full opening. Use coarse wire brushes to clean the
600 µm (No. 30) and larger sieves, and soft bristle brushes for smaller sieves.
22. Perform the Fine Check Sum calculation – Verify the total mass after fine sieving
agrees with the dry mass before sieving within 0.3 percent. Do not use test results
for acceptance if the Check Sum is greater than 0.3 percent.
23. Calculate the Cumulative Percent Retained (CPR) and Percent Passing (PP) for the
4.75 mm (No. 4) and larger.
24. Calculate the Cumulative Percent Retained (CPR-#4) and the Percent Passing (PP-#4)
for minus 4.75 mm (No. 4) split and Percent Passing (PP) for the minus 4.75 mm
(No. 4).
25. Report total percent passing to 1 percent except report the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve
to 0.1 percent.

Page 18 of 30

WSDOT Materials Manual M 46-01.29
January 2018

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

Method C Calculations
Check Sum

1912.5 6
!>? =
×100 = 59.5%
3214.0 6

T 27_T 11

1912.5 6
=
×100
= 59.5%
>> !>?
= 100.0%
− 59.5%
= 40.5%
3214.0
6

−
.18#,
$2.,/#
@
− 828.9
828.9−).//
).//
.18#,
$2.,/# /3#4356
/3#4356
>> = @
100.0%
59.5%
= 40.5%
!2.,/#
×100
!2.,/# $ℎ#$%
$ℎ#$% /()
/() =
=
×100
1912.5 6 @
@
!>? =
×100 = 59.5%

3214.0 6

@ − 828.9 ).// .18#, $2.,/# /3#4356
!2.,/# $ℎ#$%
/() =0#12,#
+,).// .18#, 135#×100
/3#4356
+,- ).//
).//
0#12,# /3#4356
/3#4356 −
− 828.9
828.9
@ ).// .18#, 135# /3#4356 ×100
K35#
×100
K35# $ℎ#$%
$ℎ#$% /()
/() =
=
1912.5
6
+,).//
0#12,#
/3#4356
+,- ).//
0#12,#
/3#4356
>> = 100.0%
− 59.5%
= 40.5%

!>? =
×100 = 59.5%
1912.5
3214.0 6
+,- ).//!>?
0#12,#
828.9 ).//
.18#, 135# /3#4356
= /3#4356 − ×100
= 59.5%
M = Total
washing
6
K35# $ℎ#$%
/()dry
= sample mass before3214.0
×100
!@?
@ − 828.9
).//
.18#,
$2.,/#
+,).//
0#12,# /3#4356/3#4356
!>?
=
×100
!2.,/#
$ℎ#$%
/()
=
×100
Cumulative Percent Retained
for 4.75
mm (No.
sieve and larger
@
>> (CPR)
= 100.0%
− 59.5%
40.5%
@= 4)
>> = 100.0%
− 59.5% = 40.5%
!@?
1912.5
6
!>?
=>>
×100
+,- ).//!>?
0#12,#
/3#4356
− ×100
828.9
).//
.18#,
135# /3#4356
=
100
− !>?
= 59.5%
@ −=828.9
).//
.18#,
$2.,/#
/3#4356
@ 6
K35# $ℎ#$%
/() =
×100
3214.0
!2.,/#
$ℎ#$% /() =
×100
where:

where:

+,- ).//
/3#4356/3#4356
@ $2.,/#
@ − 828.9
).//0#12,#
.18#,
×100
CPR = Cumulative Percent Retained
of the size@increment for the total sample
@ − !@?
!2.,/# $ℎ#$% /() =

>> = 100 − !>?

×
>> =
100.0%
59.5%
= ).//
40.5%
CMR = Cumulative
Mass
Retained
of−
the
size
increment
for
the total
+,- ).//
0#12,#
/3#4356
− 100
828.9
.18#,
135#sample
/3#4356
!@?
@
M = Total
before
washing
K35# $ℎ#$%
/()dry
= sample mass!>?
×100
=
×100

).//
/3#4356
+,- ).// 0#12,#+,/3#4356
828.9 ).//
.18#, 135# /3#4356
@ −0#12,#
K35# $ℎ#$%
/()(PP)
= 4.75 mm (No.@
×100
−
!@?
Percent
Passing
4)
sieve
and
larger
@ − 828.9
).//
.18#,
$2.,/#
/3#4356
+,).//
0#12,#
/3#4356
×
100
!@?`#b
!2.,/# $ℎ#$% /() =
×100
!>?`#b
= @ `#b ×100
@
`#b
!@?

>>@=cc 100 − !>?
!>? =
×100
!@?
@
where:
!>? =!@?
×100
+,- ).//
0#12,#
/3#4356
828.9
).//sample
.18#, 135# /3#4356
PP = Percent
of the
increment
the total
@`#b−for
==
×100
K35# $ℎ#$%
/() = Passing!>?
×100
`#bsize
@
−
!@?
>>
100
−
!>?
`#b
`#b
).//
`#b +,- @
`#b /3#4356
CPR = Cumulative Percent Retained
ofcthe×0#12,#
size
increment
for the total sample
100
>>
@ = 100 − !>?
Or, calculate PP for sieves larger than >>
4.75=mm
4) sieve without calculating CPR
100(No.
− !>?
>>
>>
`#b
>>`#b = 100
− ×#4
!>?`#b
!@?
`#b
>>@==
−!@?
!@?
!>?
×100
`#b
@ 100
!>?`#b =
××100
100
@ −@!@?
@c
× 100
@>>`#b ×#4 >>
>>
=
#4
>>
Cumulative Percent Retained (CPR-#4) >>
for =
minus
4.75
mm (No. 4) split
100
!>?
100
× `#b
@
−−
!@?
>> =
c
`#b
!@?
c
=
100
−
!>?
>>
`#b
`#b `#b
!>?`#b
=@cc
×100
!@?
@c`#b
!>?`#b#4
=
×100
>>!@?
@−
@
c@ ×−
×
!@?
>> =
100
c
>>`#b
×#4
>> `#b
3304.5
6−
3304.5
6
@
c@
>>
=
!2.,/# !ℎ#$%
=
×100 = 0.0%
Where:
!>?
>>`#b
!ℎ#$% '()
'()
= = 100 −100
3304.5 6`#b
CPR-#4 = Cumulative Percent Retained for the sieve sizes of M3
>>
= 100 − !>?`#b
CMR-#4 = Cumulative Mass`#b
Retained
for
the sieve sizes of M3
!@?
`#b
3304.5
6 −×100
3304.5before
6 washing
!>?
=
M3 = Total
mass
of
the
minus
4.75
mm
(No.
4) split
`#b
#4
>>
>>
×#4
>>
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '() =
×100 = 0.0%
`#b
@
6 − !@?
c@c
>>!>?
=>>== 604.1
×3304.5
6 `#b
×100
=
18.3%
>>`#b
×#4
>>
Percent Passing (PP-#4) for minus 4.75
(No.
4) split
@c mm
100
>> = 3304.5 6
100
>>`#b = 604.1
100 −6!>?`#b
#4
>> 6 − 3304.5
=618.3%
!>?
=
3304.5
>>
=
× @c6−×100
!@?`#b
3304.5
where:
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '() =
×100 = 0.0%
#4@>>
c
3304.5
6of M
>> =for the
×
@
−
!@?
PP-#4 = Percent Passing
sieve
sizes
c
`#b
>>`#b ×#4 >> 3
>> @
=cRetained for the sieve sizes of M3
CPR-#4 = Cumulative Percent
100
3304.5
66
− 3304.5 6
604.1
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '()
×100 = 0.0%
!>?= =
×100
3304.5
6−
3304.5
3304.5
6 =618.3%
3304.5
6
#4 >>
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '() =
×100 = 0.0%
6 `#b
>> =
×3304.5
@c − !@?
@c
604.1 6
WSDOT Materials Manual M 46-01.29
Page 19 of 30
!>? =
×100 = 18.3%
January 2018
604.1 66
3304.5
!>? =
×100 =618.3%
3304.5 6 − 3304.5

T 27_T 11

@ − 828.9
).// .18#, $2.,/# /3#4356
!@?
`#b = 40.5%
>>/()
= 100.0%
59.5%
!2.,/# $ℎ#$%
= = −
×100
!>?
×100
`#b
@
@
c

@ − !@? Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
× 100
@ 0#12,#
− 828.9/3#4356
).// .18#,
$2.,/#
/3#4356
@
+,).//
− 828.9
).//
.18#, 135#
!2.,/#/()
$ℎ#$%
×100/3#4356 ×100
K35# $ℎ#$%
= /() = >>`#b = 100 −@
!>?`#b

+,).//
0#12,#
/3#4356
Percent Passing (PP) for sieves smaller
than
4.75
mm (No.
4) sieve

!@?`#b

=
×100 .18#, 135# /3#4356
`#b /3#4356
+,- ).//!>?
0#12,#
− 828.9
>>
×#4).//
>>
@`#b
c
!@?
K35# $ℎ#$% /() =
×100
>>
+,-==
).// 0#12,#
/3#4356
!>?
×100
100

@
where:
>>`#b = 100 − !>?`#b
PP = Total Percent Passing #4!@?
>>
>>××100
=
100
!>?
!>?
PP-#4 = Percent Passing
for
the sieve
sizes
M
>>
==
@
−−
!@?
c of
`#b
3
@
@
c
#4 PP = Total Percent Passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve
>>`#b ×#4 >>
>>than
= 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve without calculating
Or, calculate PP for sieves smaller
@ − !@? 100
>>
= 1006−
×
100
CPR-#4 and PP-#4
3304.5
−!>?
3304.5 6
@
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '() =
×100 = 0.0%
#4 >> 3304.5 6
>> @
= − !@?× @c − !@?`#b
@c!@?×`#b
100
!>?`#b @
=
×100
604.1
@c 6
Where:
×100 = 18.3%
!>? =
3304.5 6
PP = Total Percent Passing
3304.5 6 − 3304.5 6
#4 PP!2.,/#
= Total Percent
Passing
the 4.75
`#b mm (No. 4) sieve×100 = 0.0%
!ℎ#$%
'()
=!@?
!>?
=
×100
=
− !>?
>>`#b4.75
`#bminus
3304.5
M3 = Total mass of the
mm
(No.
4)6split
`#b before washing
@c100
CMR-#4 = Cumulative Mass Retained for the sieve sizes of M3

>>`#b6×#4 >>
604.1
>>`#b
==
100
>>
= − !>?`#b
!>?
×100 = 18.3%
3304.5100
6

Method C Example

Dry Mass of total sample (M): 						

3304.5 g

Total mass after sieving equals

>>`#b ×#4 >>
>> =#4 >>
>> (CMR)
=
×
@4.75
!@?4)
100
Cumulative Mass Retained
on the
plus the pan:
c − (No.
`#b
@c

3085.0 g

Coarse Check Sum

#4 >>
× @c −
`#b 6
3304.5
6 !@?
− 3304.5
c
!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '()@=
×100 = 0.0%
3304.5 6
>> =

The result is less than 0.3 percent
therefore
results
3304.5
6 −the
3304.5
6 can be used for acceptance
×100 = 0.0%
604.1 6
purposes.!2.,/# !ℎ#$% '() =

!>? = 3304.5 6 ×100 = 18.3%

Cumulative Percent Retained (CPR) for3304.5
the 9.56mm (3/8 in) sieve:

!>? =

604.1 6
×100 = 18.3%
3304.5 6

Percent Passing (PP) for the 9.5 mm (3/8 in) sieve:

>> = 100. 0% − 18.3% = 81.7%

Reported Percent Passing = 82 percent

>> =

3304.5 − 604.1
×100 = 81.7%
3304.5

K35# !ℎ#$% '() =
Page 20 of 30

495.3 6 − 495.1 6
×100 = 0.04%
495.3 6

!>?`#b =

194.3 6
×100
= 36.8%
WSDOT
Materials Manual M 46-01.29
527.6 6
January 2018

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

T 27_T 11

>> = 100. 0% − 18.3% = 81.7%

Example for Alternate Percent Passing (PP) formula for the 9.5 mm (3/8 in) sieve:

>> =

3304.5 − 604.1
×100 = 81.7%
3304.5

Reported Percent Passing = 82 percent

495.3 6 − 495.1 6
×100 = 0.04%
495.3 6

Gradation on Coarse
Sieves'()
Cumulative
Mass
K35# !ℎ#$%
=

Cumulative
Cumulative Mass Percent Retained
Sieve Size mm (in) Retained, g (CMR)
(CPR) 6
194.3
16.0

(5/8)

0

12.5

1/2)

125.9

9.5

(3/8)

604.1

4.75

(No. 4)

Mass in Pan

Percent Passing
(PP)

!>?`#b = 0.0
×100 = 36.8%
100.0
527.6 6

Reported Percent
Passing*

3.8

96.2

96

18.3

81.7

82

>>`#b = 100.0%
63.2%
1295.6
39.2 − 36.8% = 60.8
(#4 PP)

2008.9

100

61

63.2% × 60.8%
100

Cumulative>>
sieved
= 3304.5
= mass: 1295.6 + 2008.9
= 38.4%
Total Dry Sample (M) = 3304.5

Fine Test Sample

60.8%

>> = according
×(527.6
194.3)
= 38.4%R 76, to at least
The pan (2008.9 g) was reduced
to the −
FOP
for AASHTO
527.6
500 g. In this case, the reduced mass was determined to be 527.6 g. This is M3.
Dry Mass of minus 4.75mm (No. 4) reduced portion before wash (M3):

527.6 g

Dry Mass of minus 4.75mm (No. 4) reduced portion after wash:

495.3 g

>> = 100. 0% − 18.3% = 81.7%

Total mass after sieving equals

3304.5 − 604.1
>> =3304.5
100. 0% − 18.3% = 81.7%

>> Retained
=
×100 = 81.7%
Final Cumulative Mass
(CMR) in pan:				

Fine Check Sum

495.1 g

495.3 6 − 495.1 6
3304.5
K35# !ℎ#$%
'()
= − 604.1 ×100 = ×100
>> =
81.7%= 0.04%
3304.5495.3 6

The result is less than 0.3 percent therefore the results can be used for acceptance
194.3
6
purposes.
495.3
6 − 495.1
6

!>?`#b =

×100 = 36.8%

K35# !ℎ#$%
'()
= ) for527.6
×100
Cumulative Percent
Retained
(CPR
minus664.75 mm
(No. =
4) 0.04%
for the 2.0 mm
495.3
-#4
(No. 10) sieve:
>>`#b = 100.0%
194.3 −
6 36.8% = 63.2%
!>?`#b =
×100 = 36.8%
527.6 6

63.2% × 60.8%
>> =
= 38.4%
100− 36.8% = 63.2%
>>`#b = 100.0%

60.8%
63.2%
× 60.8%
>> =
×(527.6
− 194.3) = 38.4%
>>527.6
=
= 38.4%
100
WSDOT Materials Manual
January 2018

M 46-01.29

>> =

60.8%
×(527.6 − 194.3) = 38.4%
527.6

Page 21 of 30

495.3 6

T 27_T 11

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

!>?`#b

194.3 6
=
×100 = 36.8%
527.6 6

Percent Passing (PP-#4) for minus 4.75 mm (No. 4) for the 2.0 mm (No. 10) sieve:

>> = 100. 0% − 18.3% = 81.7%
>>`#b = 100.0% − 36.8% = 63.2%

3304.5
− 604.1Mass
Gradation on Minus No. 4 Sieves
Cumulative
>> =

Sieve Size mm (in)
2.0

(No. 10)

×100 = 81.7%
63.2% × 60.8%
Cumulative
= Percent
38.4%
100
Retained (CPR )

3304.5
Cumulative
Mass
>> =
Retained g (CMR-#4)

36.8

63.2

484.4

91.8

8.2

194.3

-#4

Percent Passing-#4
(PP-#4)

-#4

495.3 6 − 495.1 6
60.8%
(No.
40) !ℎ#$% '()
365.6
69.3×100 = 0.04% 30.7
K35#
=
>> =
×(527.6
495.3 6− 194.3) = 38.4%
527.6
(No. 80)
430.8
81.7
18.3

0.425
0.210
0.075

(No. 200)

194.3 6
Pan
495.1
!>?`#b =
×100 = 36.8%
527.6 g 527.6 6
Dry mass before washing (M3):

Dry mass after washing:

495.3 g

Percent Passing (PP) for the>>
2.0 mm
10) sieve
for the=entire
test sample:
=(No.
100.0%
− 36.8%
63.2%
`#b

#4 PP (Total Percent Passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve) = 60.8 percent

>> =

63.2% × 60.8%
= 38.4%
100

Reported Percent Passing = 38 percent
As shown in the following>>
table:
=

60.8%
×(527.6 − 194.3) = 38.4%
527.6

Final Gradation on All Sieves Cumulative Mass
Sieve Size
mm (in)

Cumulative
Mass
Retained, g
(CMR)

Cumulative
Percent
Retained
(CPR)

Percent
Passing
(PP-#4)

Percent
Passing (PP)

Reported
Percent
Passing*

16.0

(5/8)

0

0.0

100.0

100

12.5

(1/2)

125.9

3.8

96.2

96

9.5

(3/8)

604.1

18.3

81.7

82

4.75

(No. 4)

1295.6

39.2

60.8
(#4 PP)

61

2.0

(No. 10)

194.3

36.8

63.2

38.4

38

0.425

(No. 40)

365.6

69.3

30.7

18.7

19

0.210

(No. 80)

430.8

81.7

18.3

11.1

11

0.075 (No. 200)

484.4

91.8

8.2

5.0

5.0

Pan

495.1

* Report total percent passing to 1 percent except report the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve to 0.1 percent.

Page 22 of 30

WSDOT Materials Manual M 46-01.29
January 2018

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

>>`#b = 100.0% − 36.8% = 63.2%

T 27_T 11

Example for Alternate Percent Passing (PP) for the 2.0 mm (No. 10) sieve for the entire
63.2% × 60.8%
test sample:
>> =
= 38.4%

100

#4 PP (Total Percent Passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve) = 60.8 percent

60.8%
×(527.6 − 194.3) = 38.4%
527.6

>> =

Reported Percent Passing = 38 percent
As shown in the following table:

Final Gradation on All Sieves Cumulative Mass
Sieve Size
mm (in)

Cumulative
Mass Retained,
g (CMR)

Cumulative
Percent Retained
(CPR)

Determined
Percent Passing
(PP)

Reported
Percent Passing*

16.0

(5/8)

0

0.0

100.0

100

12.5

(1/2)

125.9

3.8

96.2

96

9.5

(3/8)

604.1

18.3

81.7

82

4.75

(No. 4)

1295.6

39.2

60.8
(#4 PP)

61

2.0

(No. 10)

194.3

38.4

38

0.425

(No. 40)

365.6

18.7

19

0.210

(No. 80)

430.8

11.2

11

0.075 (No. 200)

484.4

5.0

5.0

Pan

495.1

Dry mass before washing (M3):

527.6 g

* Report total percent passing to 1 percent except report the 75 µm (No. 200) sieve to 0.1 percent.

WSDOT Materials Manual
January 2018

M 46-01.29

Page 23 of 30

T 27_T 11

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

Fineness Modulus
Fineness Modulus (FM) is used in determining the degree of uniformity of the
aggregate gradation in PCC mix designs. It is an empirical number relating to the
fineness of the aggregate. The higher the FM the coarser the aggregate. Values of 2.40
to 3.00 are common for fine aggregate in PCC.
The sum of the cumulative percentages retained on specified sieves in the following
table divided by 100 gives the FM.
Sample Calculation
Example A

Example B

Percent

Percent

Retained
Sieve Size mm (in)

Passing

Retained

On Spec’d
Sieves*

Passing

On Spec’d
Sieves*

75*

(3)

100

0

0

100

0

0

37.5*

(11/2)

100

0

0

100

0

0

19*

(3/4)

15

85

85

100

0

0

9.5*

(3/8)

0

100

100

100

0

0

4.75*

(No.4)

0

100

100

100

0

0

2.36*

(No.8)

0

100

100

87

13

13

1.18*

(No.16)

0

100

100

69

31

31

0.60*

(No. 30

0

100

100

44

56

56

0.30*

(No. 50)

0

100

100

18

82

82

0.15*

(100)

0

100

100

4

96

96

∑ = 785

∑ = 278

FM = 7.85

FM = 2.78

In decreasing size order, each * sieve is one-half the size of the preceding * sieve.

Report

• Results on forms approved by the agency
• Sample ID
• Percent passing for each sieve
• Individual mass retained for each sieve
• Individual percent retained for each sieve
or
• Cumulative mass retained for each sieve
• Cumulative percent retained for each sieve
• FM to the nearest 0.01
Report percentages to the nearest 1 percent except for the percent passing the 75 µm
(No. 200) sieve, which shall be reported to the nearest 0.1 percent.

Page 24 of 30

WSDOT Materials Manual M 46-01.29
January 2018

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

T 27_T 11

ANNEX A Time Evaluation
The sieving time for each mechanical sieve shaker shall be checked at least annually
to determine the time required for complete separation of the test sample by the
following method:
1. Shake the sample over nested sieves for approximately 10 minutes.
2. Provide a snug-fitting pan and cover for each sieve, and hold in a slightly inclined
position in one hand.
3. Hand-shake each sieve by striking the side of the sieve sharply and with an
upward motion against the heel of the other hand at the rate of about 150 times
per minute, turning the sieve about one sixth of a revolution at intervals of about
25 strokes.
If more than 0.5 percent by mass of the total sample before sieving passes any sieve
after one minute of continuous hand shaking adjust shaker time and re-check.
In determining sieving time for sieve sizes larger than 4.75 mm (No. 4), limit the
material on the sieve to a single layer of particles.

WSDOT Materials Manual
January 2018

M 46-01.29

Page 25 of 30

T 27_T 11

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

ANNEX B Overload Determination
Additional sieves may be necessary to keep from overloading sieves or to provide other
information, such as fineness modulus. The sample may also be sieved in increments to
prevent overloading.
• For sieves with openings smaller than 4.75 mm (No. 4), the mass retained on any
sieve shall not exceed 7 kg/m2 (4 g/in2) of sieving surface.
• For sieves with openings 4.75 mm (No. 4) and larger, the mass, in grams shall not
exceed the product of 2.5 × (sieve opening in mm) × (effective sieving area). See
Table B1.
Table B1

Maximum Allowable Mass of Material Retained on a Sieve, g
Nominal Sieve Size, mm (in)
Exact size is smaller (see AASHTO T 27)
203 dia (8)

305 dia (12)

305 by 305 350 by 350 372 by 580
(14 × 14)
(16 × 24)
(12 × 12)

Sieving Area m2
Sieve Size mm (in)

Page 26 of 30

0.0285

0.0670

0.0929

0.1225

0.2158

90

(31/2)

*

15,100

20,900

27,600

48,500

75

(3)

*

12,600

17,400

23,000

40,500

63

(21/2)

*

10,600

14,600

19,300

34,000

50

(2)

3600

8400

11,600

15,300

27,000

37.5

(11/2)

2700

6300

8700

11,500

20.200

25.0

(1)

1800

4200

5800

7700

13,500

19.0

(3/4)

1400

3200

4400

5800

10,200

16.0

(5/8)

1100

2700

3700

4900

8600

12.5

(1/2)

890

2100

2900

3800

6700

9.5

(3/8)

670

1600

2200

2900

5100

6.3

(1/4)

440

1100

1500

1900

3400

4.75

(No. 4)

330

800

1100

1500

2600

-4.75

(-No. 4)

200

470

650

860

1510

WSDOT Materials Manual M 46-01.29
January 2018

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

T 27_T 11

PERFORMANCE EXAM CHECKLIST
METHOD A
FOP for AASHTO T 27
Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
FOP for AASHTO T 11
Materials Finer Than 75 µm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregate by Washing

Participant Name

Exam Date

Record the symbols “P” for passing or “F” for failing on each step of the checklist.
Procedure Element
1. Minimum sample mass meets requirement of Table 1?

Trial 1 Trial 2

2.

Test sample dried to a constant mass by FOP for AASHTO T 255?

3.

Test sample cooled and mass determined to nearest 0.1 percent or 0.1 g?

4.

Test sample placed in container and covered with water?

5.

Contents of the container vigorously agitated?

6.

Complete separation of coarse and fine particles achieved?

7.
8.

Wash water poured through nested sieves such as 2 mm (No. 10) and 75 µm
(No. 200)?
Operation continued until wash water is clear?

9.

Material retained on sieves returned to washed sample?

10. Washed test sample dried to a constant mass by FOP for AASHTO T 255?
11. Washed test sample cooled and mass determined to nearest 0.1 percent
or 0.1 g?
12. Test sample placed in nest of sieves specified? (Additional sieves may be used
to prevent overloading as allowed in FOP.)
13. Material sieved in verified mechanical shaker for proper time?
14. Mass of material on each sieve and pan determined to 0.1 g?
15. Total mass of material after sieving agrees with mass before sieving to within
0.3 percent?
16. Percentages calculated to the nearest 0.1 percent and reported to the nearest
whole number, except 75 µm (No. 200) which is reported to the nearest
0.1 percent?
17. Percentage calculations based on original dry sample mass?
18. Calculations performed properly?
First Attempt: Pass

Fail

Fail
WAQTC #:

Signature of Examiner
WSDOT Materials Manual
January 2018

Second Attempt: Pass

M 46-01.29

Page 27 of 30

T 27_T 11

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

Comments:

Page 28 of 30

WSDOT Materials Manual M 46-01.29
January 2018

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

T 27_T 11

Performance Exam Checklist
METHOD B
FOP for AASHTO T 27
Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
FOP for AASHTO T 11
Materials Finer Than 75 µm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregate by Washing

Participant Name

Exam Date

Record the symbols “P” for passing or “F” for failing on each step of the checklist.
Procedure Element
1. Minimum sample mass meets requirement of Table 1?
2.

Test sample dried to a constant mass by FOP for AASHTO T 255?

3.

Test sample cooled and mass determined to nearest 0.1 percent or 0.1 g?

4.

Test sample placed in container and covered with water?

5.

Contents of the container vigorously agitated?

6.

Complete separation of coarse and fine particles achieved?

7.
8.

Wash water poured through nested sieves such as 2 mm (No. 10) and 75 µm
(No. 200)?
Operation continued until wash water is clear?

9.

Material retained on sieves returned to washed sample?

Trial 1 Trial 2

10. Washed test sample dried to a constant mass by FOP for AASHTO T 255?
11. Washed test sample cooled and mass determined to nearest 0.1 percent or
0.1 g?
12. Test sample placed in nest of sieves specified? (Additional sieves may be used
to prevent overloading as allowed in FOP.)
13. Material sieved in verified mechanical shaker for proper time?
14. Mass of material on each sieve and pan determined to the nearest 0.1 percent
or 0.1 g?
15. Total mass of material after sieving agrees with mass before sieving to within
0.3 percent?
16. Material in pan reduced in accordance with FOP for AASHTO R 76 to at least
500 g and weighed to the nearest 0.1 g?
17. Test sample placed in nest of sieves specified? (Additional sieves may be used
to prevent overloading as allowed in FOP.)
18. Material sieved in verified mechanical shaker for proper time?
19. Mass of material on each sieve and pan determined to the nearest percent
or 0.1 g?
WSDOT Materials Manual
January 2018

M 46-01.29

Page 29 of 30

T 27_T 11

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

Procedure Element
20. Total mass of material after sieving agrees with mass before sieving to within
0.3 percent?
21. Percentages calculated to the nearest 0.1 percent and reported to the nearest
whole number, except 75 µm (No. 200) which is reported to the nearest
0.1 percent?
22. Percentage calculations based on original dry sample mass?
23. Calculations performed properly?
First Attempt: Pass
Signature of Examiner

Fail

Second Attempt: Pass

Trial 1 Trial 2

Fail
WAQTC #:

Comments:

Page 30 of 30

WSDOT Materials Manual M 46-01.29
January 2018



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