Toad For Oracle User Guide Beginners
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® Toad for Oracle 11.5 Beginner's Guide to Using Toad © 2012 Quest Software, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This guide contains proprietary information protected by copyright. The software described in this guide is furnished under a software license or nondisclosure agreement. This software may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the applicable agreement. No part of this guide may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording for any purpose other than the purchaser’s personal use without the written permission of Quest Software, Inc. The information in this document is provided in connection with Quest products. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property right is granted by this document or in connection with the sale of Quest products. 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For a complete list of Quest Software’s trademarks, please see http://www.quest.com/legal/trademark-information.aspx Toad for Oracle 11.5 Beginner's Guide to Using Toad March 30, 2012 Table of Contents Welcome 8 About This Guide 8 Shortcut Keys 8 Popular Shortcut Keys 8 Toad Insight Pick List Shortcuts 11 Print List of Shortcut Keys 12 Help and Resources 12 Toad Advisor 12 Quick Search Bar 13 Additional Toad Resources 14 Create and Manage Connections About Database Connections 15 15 Oracle Clients and Database Servers 15 Connection Files 15 Create New Connections 16 Basic Connection Contols 19 Automatically Connect on Startup 19 Use Previous Connections 19 Change Active Connection in Window 19 Save Connection Passwords 20 Commit or Rollback Changes 20 End Connections 21 Test Connections 21 Manage Multiple Connections 21 About Managing Multiple Connections 21 Display Connection and Window Bars 22 Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 4 Table of Contents Organize the Database Connections Grid 24 Color Code the User Interface per Connection 27 Manage Oracle Homes 28 Select an Oracle Home 28 Edit the Oracle Home 29 Edit Oracle Connection Files 29 Edit SQLNET Files 29 Edit LDAP Files 30 Edit TNSNames Files 30 Create a Variable for the TNSNames.ora File 32 Limitations of the TNSNames Editor 32 Troubleshoot Connections 34 General Connection Issues 34 Database Login Window 35 Execute and Manage Code About the Editor 36 36 Important Editor Settings 37 Customize the Editor Layout 38 Split the Editor Layout 38 Execute Statements and Scripts 40 Execute Single Statements 41 Execute Scripts in the Editor 41 Execute Scripts with Quest Script Runner 42 Work with Code 43 Change Current Schema 43 Save and Reuse SQL Statements 44 View Recently Executed SQL Statements 45 Format Code 45 Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 5 Table of Contents Display Pick List (Automatically Complete Code) 47 Extract Procedures 47 Comment Out Code Block 48 Find Unused Variables 48 Rename Identifiers 49 Debug PL/SQL 49 About Debugging 49 Start Debugging 50 View DBMS Output 51 Work with Database Objects 52 About the Schema Browser 52 Schema Browser Panes 52 Customize the Schema Browser 53 Customize the Schema Browser 53 Select the Left-Hand Side Display Style 53 Customize Schema Browser Tabs 55 Group Favorite Objects 56 Create Objects 57 Copy Objects to Another Schema 58 Use Existing Object as Template for New Objects 59 Helpful Features 59 Describe Objects 59 Jump to Objects in the Schema Browser 60 View Schema Browser Icon Legend 60 View Parent/Child Datasets in the Schema Browser 60 Filter Schema Browser Content 62 About Schema Browser Filters 62 Create Schema Browser Filters 63 Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 6 Table of Contents Filter Data in the Schema Browser 63 Quickly Filter the Schema Browser Left-Hand Side 64 Clear Schema Browser Filters 65 Work with Data Grids 66 About Working with Data Grids 66 Edit Data 67 Understand Editable Resultsets 67 Post/Revert Edited Data 67 Insert and Delete Rows 67 Edit Data in Popup Editor 68 Use an External Editor 68 Access the Calculator 68 Customize Data Grid Display 69 Perform Calculations on Grid Cells 69 Sort and Group Data 69 Anchor Column in Data Grid 70 View a Single Record 70 Preview Selected Column 71 Hide Columns 71 Filter Results 71 Filter Data 71 Use Excel-Style Filtering 72 Export Data 72 Export Dataset 72 Export Data to Flat File 73 Customize Toad 75 About Customizing Toad 75 Customize the Editor 75 Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 7 Table of Contents Customize the Schema Browser Customize Shortcut Keys 75 75 Menu Hot Keys 75 Shortcut Keys 76 Customize Schema Drop-Downs 76 Customize Toolbars and Menus 77 About Customizing Toolbars and Menus 77 Create New Toolbars and Menus 78 Customize Toolbars and Menus 78 Display Additional Menus 80 Display/Hide Toolbars 80 Reset Default Toolbars and Menus 80 Search for Options 81 Appendix: Contact Quest 82 Contact Quest Support 82 Contact Quest Software 82 About Quest Software, Inc 82 Index 83 1 Welcome Toad for Oracle provides an efficient and accurate way for database professionals of all skill and experience levels to perform their jobs with an overall improvement in workflow and productivity. With Toad for Oracle you can: l Understand your database environment through visual representations l Meet deadlines easily through automation and smooth workflows l Perform essential development and administration tasks from a single tool l Deploy high-quality applications that meet user requirements and perform reliably in production l Validate database code to ensure the best-possible performance l Manage and share projects, templates, scripts, and more with ease The Toad for Oracle solutions are built for you, by you. Over 10 years of development and feedback from various communities like Toad World have made it the most powerful and functional tool available. With an installed-base of over one million, Toad for Oracle continues to be the standard tool for development and administration. About This Guide The purpose of this guide is to help you quickly start using Toad by learning basic features and tasks. Toad is a very diverse and powerful tool, and there are many features that this guide does not cover. Refer to the online help for additional information about Toad, which you can access at any time by pressing F1. In addition to the online help, Toad also has a variety of other resources to help you. See "Additional Toad Resources" (page 14) for more information. Shortcut Keys Popular Shortcut Keys This topic covers some of the most popular shortcut keys in Toad. Toad provides dozens of standard shortcut keys, and you can assign new ones or customize the standard ones. Toad also allows you to print out your current list of shortcut keys. Review the following for additional information: l Print List of Shortcut Keys (page 12) l Customize Shortcut Keys (page 75) Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 9 Welcome Note: If you have customized your shortcut keys, you will not automatically be able to use new shortcuts added in Toad upgrades. However, you can reset your shortcut keys to the default to gain access to all new shortcuts. See "Shortcut Keys Options" in the online help for more information. General Description CTRL+D Open Quick Describe window. See "Describe Objects" (page 59) for more information. CTRL+TAB Cycle through a collection of "child windows" or tabs in a window F1 Open the Toad documentation F4 Immediately describe object in popup window. See "Describe Objects" (page 59) for more information. F10 Display right-click menu Debugger Description CTRL+F5 Add watch at cursor CTRL+ALT+B Display the PL/SQL Debugger Breakpoints window CTRL+ALT+D Display the PL/SQL Debugger DBMS Output window CTRL+ALT+E Display the PL/SQL Debugger Evaluate/Modify window CTRL+ALT+C Display the PL/SQL Debugger Call Stack window CTRL+ALT+W Display the PL/SQL Debugger Watches window F11 Run (continue execution) F12 Run to cursor SHIFT+F5 Set or delete a breakpoint on the current line SHIFT+F7 Trace into SHIFT+F8 Step over SHIFT+F10 Trace out SHIFT+CTRL+F9 Set parameters Editor Description Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 10 Welcome ALT+UP Display previous statement ALT+DOWN Display next statement (after ALT+UP) CTRL+B Comment block CTRL+E Execute Explain Plan on the current statement CTRL+M Make code statement. CTRL+N Find sum of the selected fields. You can also include additional calculations, such as the average or count. See "Perform Calculations on Grid Cells" (page 69) for more information. CTRL+P Strip code statement. CTRL+T Display pick list drop-down There are a variety of shortcut keys to use with the pick list. See "Toad Insight Pick List Shortcuts" (page 11) for more information. CTRL+F9 Verify statement without execution (parse) in the Editor CTRL+F12 Pass the SQL or Editor contents to the specified external editor. CTRL+PERIOD Display code completion list CTRL+ENTER Execute current SQL (same as SHIFT+F9) CTRL+ALT+PAGEUP Navigate to the previous results panel tab CTRL+ALT+PAGEDOWN Navigate to the next results panel tab F2 Toggle full screen Editor F5 Execute as script. See "Execute Scripts in the Editor" (page 41) for more information. F6 Toggle between Editor and Results panel F7 Clear all text, trace into the Editor F8 Recall previous SQL statement in the Editor F9 Execute statement in the Editor SHIFT+F2 Toggle full screen grid Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 11 Welcome Find and Replace Description CTRL+F Find text CTRL+G Go to line number CTRL+R Find and replace F3 Find next occurrence SHIFT+F3 Find previous occurrence Toad Insight Pick List Shortcuts There are a variety of shortcuts you can use to display the pick list and make a selection. Toad also provides options for you to customize the pick list behavior. See "Code Assist Options" in the online help for more information. General Description CTRL+T Display pick list for object (name) at caret. If a stored alias exists by that name, then that alias' object is shown in the pick list. CTRL+SHIFT+T Display pick list for object (name) at caret. This option ignores aliases with the same name. LEFT ARROW Move the caret left while filtering the pick list. RIGHT ARROW Move the caret right while filtering the pick list. Make Selection Description Double-click the selection Insert the selection and close the pick list. ENTER Insert the selection and close the pick list. PERIOD Insert the selection and a period after it. The pick list remains open and displays child objects, if there are any. SPACE Insert the selection and a space after it. TAB Insert the a partial selection if possible and leave the pick list open; if a partial selection is not possible, insert the selection and close the pick list. TAB accepts as much as possible without changing the list of displayed objects. For example, if the pick list displays a list of columns that all start with MY_COL, Toad would insert MY_ Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 12 Welcome COL when you press TAB and leave the picklist open. If the columns did not have a common preface, Toad would insert the selected column and close the pick list. ( Insert the selection and "(" after it. OPEN PARENTHESIS Close Pick List Description Click outside the pick list Close the pick list without making a selection. ESC Close the pick list without making a selection. Print List of Shortcut Keys You can print your list of shortcut keys to use as a reference. To print the list of shortcut keys 1. Click on the standard toolbar. Tip: You can also select View | Toad Options. 2. Select Toolbars/Menus | Shortcuts. 3. Click the Category or Shortcut column to sort the list. 4. Click Print. Help and Resources Toad Advisor Toad is self-diagnosing. If you are having difficulties with Toad that you cannot fix, the Toad Advisor may be able to help you. It offers warnings, alerts, and hints concerning the current state of your Toad installation. If you are in a managed environment, it specifies which features in Toad are managed, and to what extent. To use Toad Advisor 1. Select Help | Toad Advisor. 2. Review the results, which are divided into the following categories: Warnings Describe things that should be fixed immediately Alerts Describe things that may have an impact upon Toad's functionality Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 13 Welcome Hints Provide information about your Toad installation that may affect how Toad works Performance suggestions Describe settings that could be changed to improve speed of performance Tip: Select a result for additional information in the bottom pane. You can double click the performance suggestions to navigate direction to the relevant Toad option. Quick Search Bar You can find help about Toad quickly from various locations in Quest using the Quick Search bar on the main toolbar. Each resource provides a different focus, such as Oracle technical references, videos, frequently asked questions, and more. See "Additional Toad Resources" (page 14) for more information. To search for Toad resources 1. Click the drop down arrow and select the locations you want to search. 2. Enter a search term in the box. 3. Press Enter or click to search. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 14 Welcome Additional Toad Resources There are many resources for you to learn more about Toad, and many of them can be searched directly in the Quick Search bar. See "Quick Search Bar" (page 13) for more information. Resource Description Helpfile Provides step-by-step directions on how to use Toad. Press F1 in any Toad window to open the helpfile to the relevant topic. Knowledge Xpert for Oracle An extensive Oracle technical resource with thousands of insightful topics and working examples. Oracle documentation Oracle's database documentation.Since Toad is a tool to help you manage Oracle databases, the more you understand Oracle the more intuitive Toad becomes. ToadForOracle.com The main website for all things Toad for Oracle, including: l Forums—Connect with thousands of other Toad users to get help. Tip: Customers often use common Toad acronyms in the forums. ToadWorld.com l Documentation—Download the latest product documentation, including the Install Guide, Release Notes, and other documents. l Downloads—Download the latest update, beta, or trial version. l Idea Pond—Submit ideas to improve Toad and vote on other customer's ideas. The parent site for all Toad family products, providing videos, tech briefs, white papers, expert blogs, podcasts, user forums, and tech tips. 2 Create and Manage Connections About Database Connections This topic provides a very general overview of how Toad connects to Oracle databases. Please refer to Oracle's documentation for more information on Oracle connections. Troubleshooting: If your previous connections do not display in the Database Login window, ensure that the Show favorites only and Show selected home only fields in the bottom of the Database Login window are not selected. See "Troubleshoot Connections" (page 34) for more information. Oracle Clients and Database Servers To connect to a database server (referred to as "database"), Toad requires that you have a database client ("client") installed on your computer. A client is simply software that accesses the database through a network. You can have multiple Oracle clients installed on your computer. The client location is also referred to as the Oracle home, and you can select which one Toad uses on the Database Login window. See "Select an Oracle Home" (page 28) for more information. See the Release Notes for a complete list of the client and database versions that Toad supports. Important: It is recommended that your client version be of the same release (or later) as your database server. This is an Oracle recommendation to prevent performance issues. Connection Files The client installation generally includes connection files that are used to communicate between your computer and the database. Toad uses the following connection files, depending on the connection type you select: Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 16 Create and Manage Connections Connection File Description SQLNET.ora Specifies configuration details for Oracle's networking software, such as trace levels, the default domain, session characteristics, and the connection methods that can be used to connect to a database (for example, LDAP and TNSNAMES). If a method is not listed, you cannot use it. Toad uses the SQLNET.ora file for all connection methods, and consequently you must be able to access this file for any connection method. TNSNames.ora Defines database addresses to establish connections to them. Toad must be able to access the TNSNames.ora file for TNS connections. Note: If you have multiple Oracle clients installed or want to use a TNSNames.ora file on a network, you may want to use the TNS_NAMES environment variable to simplify managing TNS connections. See "Create a Variable for the TNSNames.ora File" (page 32) for more information. LDAP.ora Defines directory access information using Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). Toad must be able to access the LDAP.ora file for LDAP connections. Create New Connections There are a few prerequisites you must have to connect to an Oracle database. See "About Database Connections" (page 15) for more information. Troubleshooting: There are some common issues and solutions for database connections. See "Troubleshoot Connections" (page 34) for more information. Notes: l To edit a login record, click on the Database Login window toolbar. l You can import and export connection settings. See "Import/Export Connection Settings" in the online help for more information. To create a new connection 1. Click in the standard toolbar to open the Database Login window. Note: You can also select Session | New Connection. 2. Click on the Database Login toolbar. The Add Login Record window displays. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 17 Create and Manage Connections Note: Instead of creating the connection in the Add Login Record window, you can directly enter the connection information in the Database Login window. However, this method forces you to connect to the database, and you cannot enter some of the additional connection information until after you connect. 3. Complete the User/Schema and Password fields. 4. Select a connection method: TNS Select a database in the Database field. Toad uses the listings in your TNSNames.ora file to populate the list. You can edit the TNSNames.ora file directly in Toad. See "Edit TNSNames Files" (page 30) for more information. Note: If you have multiple Oracle clients installed or want to use a TNSNames.ora file on a network, you may want to use the TNS_ NAMES environment variable to simplify managing TNS connections. See "Create a Variable for the TNSNames.ora File" (page 32) for more information. Direct Enter the Host, Port, and either the Service Name or SID of the database to which you want to connect. LDAP Select the LDAP descriptor in the LDAP Descriptor field. You can edit the LDAP.ora file directly in Toad. See "Edit LDAP Files" (page 30) for more information. Notes: l Toad must be able to access the SQLNET.ora file to use any of the connection methods. Toad must also be able to access the LDAP.ora file for LDAP connections and the TNSNames.ora file for TNS connections. l If Toad cannot connect to one of these files, a red X displays beside the editor button for that file. For example, the following image indicates that Toad cannot access the LDAP.ora file. You would have to resolve the issue before you could make an LDAP connection. 5. Complete the remaining fields as necessary. Review the following for additional information: Connect as Select the connection privilege level field. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 18 Create and Manage Connections Color Select a color to border windows that use the active connection. Note: The color displays in all Toad user interface elements that use the connection, which is very helpful when you have multiple active connections. See "Color Code the User Interface per Connection" (page 27) for more information. Connect Using Select the Oracle home. Alias Enter a description or nickname for the connection. Note: You can only connect to one Oracle home at a time. This field is disabled if you are already connected to a database. See "Select an Oracle Home" (page 28) for more information. By default the alias only displays in the connections grid, but you can have Toad display the alias instead of the database name. To enable this option, select View | Toad Options | Windows and select the Use alias instead of database checkbox. Execute Action upon Connection Select to execute an action whenever Toad connects to the database. Then, click by the Action field to select the action. See "Automation Designer Overview" in the online help for more information. You can also select a parameter file. See "Action Parameter Files" in the online help for more information. Note: Toad only executes actions upon connection when you execute through the user interface. Toad does not execute actions when it is executed through command line. Custom Columns Complete the custom fields, if you have defined any. See "Add Custom Columns" (page 25) for more information. Save Password Select to have Toad remember the password for only this connection. Auto Connect Select to have Toad automatically make the selected connection on startup. Favorite Select this checkbox to mark the connection as one of your favorites. You can have the Database Login window only display your favorites by selecting Show favorites only at the bottom of the window. Read Only Select this checkbox to make the connection read only, meaning that you cannot make any changes to the database. This option is especially helpful when you want to access data for a production database but you do not want to accidentally make any changes. If Save passwords is selected in the Database Login window, then this field is selected by default. See "Save Connection Passwords" (page 20) for more information. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 19 Create and Manage Connections 6. Save the login record. Review the following for additional information: l To save the record without connecting to the database, click OK l To save the record and connect to the database, select the Connect checkbox and click OK. l To save the record and reuse the field values to quickly enter new connections, click Post. 7. Optional: Manage multiple connections. See "About Managing Multiple Connections" (page 21) for more information. Basic Connection Contols Automatically Connect on Startup To select connections to automatically make when Toad starts 1. Click in the standard toolbar to open the Database Login window. Note: You can also select Session | New Connection. 2. In the connections grid, select the checkbox in the Auto Connect column. Use Previous Connections Toad saves your previous connections so you can easily connect to them again. You can also change the active connection in open windows. See "Change Active Connection in Window" (page 19) for more information. To open a previous connection » Select one of the following: l Click in the standard toolbar to open the Database Login window, and then double-click the previous connection from the grid. l Click the arrow beside connection from the list. in the standard toolbar, and then select a Change Active Connection in Window You can easily change the connection in an open window to a connection you currently have open or a connection that you have recently used. Tip: Toad provides a variety of features and options to help you manage multiple open connections. See "About Managing Multiple Connections" (page 21) for more information. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 20 Create and Manage Connections To change the active connection in a window » Click the arrow beside from the drop-down. in the window toolbar and select an open or recent connection Save Connection Passwords You can have Toad save all passwords automatically or individually save passwords for selected connections. Passwords are saved in an encrypted file called connectionpwds.ini. The encryption is tied to the currently logged in user profile, and it supports roaming profiles and Citrix installations. Important: To save a connection password, you must connect to the database first, and then you can save the password in the connections grid. Note: If the Save Password field is disabled, your ability to save passwords may have been removed during installation. See the Toad for Oracle Installation Guide for more information. To automatically save all passwords 1. Click in the standard toolbar to open the Database Login window. Note: You can also select Session | New Connection. 2. Select the Save passwords checkbox in the bottom of the window. To save passwords for individual connections 1. Click in the standard toolbar to open the Database Login window. Note: You can also select Session | New Connection. 2. Clear the Save passwords checkbox in the bottom of the window, if it is selected. 3. Select the Save Pwd checkbox for the connection in the connection grid. Note: If the connection is not listed in the connection grid, ensure that the Show favorites only and Show selected home only fields are cleared. If it still does not display, connect to the database again. 4. Enter the password in the Password field on the right. 5. Click Connect. Commit or Rollback Changes You can commit or rollback recent changes to the database from the Session menu at any time while working with Toad. Note: You can configure Toad to either automatically commit changes or prompt to commit on exit. See "Oracle Transaction Options" in the online help for more information. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 21 Create and Manage Connections To commit or rollback your changes » Select Session | Commit or Session | Rollback. Tip: You can also right-click the connection in the Connection Bar, and select Commit or Rollback. End Connections To end one connection » Select Session | End Connection. Or Click in the standard toolbar to end the currently active session. You can also click the arrow by the button to select a different open connection to end. To end all connections » Select Session | End All Connections. Test Connections To test connections if the session has dropped » Select Session | Test Connections (Reconnect). To test connections in the Database Login window » Select connections in the grid and click . Toad opens a new session to test the connection and lists any errors that occur. Manage Multiple Connections About Managing Multiple Connections When working with Toad you may have multiple connections open at once. Trying to keep track of which open window is related to which connection can be difficult. Toad provides a variety of features and options to help you manage multiple open connections. Method Description Organize the Database Connections Grid (page 24) The Database Login window displays all of your previous connections in the connections grid. You can reduce the number of connections that display and organize how they display in a variety of ways. Color Code the You can use connection colors to help you distinguish between Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 22 Create and Manage Connections Method Description User Interface per Connection (page 27) open connections. The color coding displays prominently throughout Toad's user interface. For example, you may use red for all production databases and yellow for all test databases. Display Connection and Window Bars (page 22) You can use the Window and Connection bars to help you keep track of your open windows and connections. The active window and connection are selected in the bars (they display with a lighter color), which is helpful so you can always tell which connection you are using. You may also find the following general connection management features helpful: l Automatically Connect on Startup (page 19) l Change Active Connection in Window (page 19) l Commit or Rollback Changes (page 20) l Customize Schema Drop-Downs (page 76) l Use Previous Connections (page 19) Display Connection and Window Bars You can use the Window and Connection bars to help you keep track of your open windows and connections. The active window and connection are selected in the bars (they display with a lighter color), which is helpful so you can always tell which connection you are using. 1) Connection Bar 2) Window Bar Notes: l Toad provides a variety of features and options to help you manage multiple open connections. See "About Managing Multiple Connections" (page 21) for more information. l You can rearrange the order of items in the Connection and Window bars. Right-click the bar and select Connection/Window Bar Button Order. Then, use the arrows to determine the order for items to display. Toad remembers these settings. For example, if you list Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 23 Create and Manage Connections Editor first, then Editor windows always display in front of other windows (even if the Editor was opened last). l You can customize the display settings, such as displaying connection strings or allowing the bars to span multiple lines. See "Toolbar Options" in the online help for more information. Connection Bar The Connection bar lists all of the connections that you have open. Right-clicking one of the connections in the Connections bar gives you helpful options, including: l Opening a new Editor or Schema Browser window for the connection l Ending the connection, which closes all windows that use the connection l Rearranging the order of connections in the Connection bar Tip: Select Show All to display connections that are not currently open. l Committing or rolling back changes l Viewing a list of all of the windows that use the connection, which you can click to bring the window to the front To display the Connection bar » Right-click the file menu area and select Connection Bar. Window Bar The Window bar lists all of the windows that you currently have open. Right-clicking one of the windows in the Windows bar gives you helpful options, including: l Rearranging the order of windows in the Window bar Tip: Select Show All to display windows that are not currently open. l Only displaying windows for the active connection, which can be very helpful when you have numerous windows open for one connection Note: To use this feature, right-click a blank area in the Window bar and select Show Buttons for Current Connection. l Closing all open windows To display the Window bar » Right-click the file menu area and select Window Bar. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 24 Create and Manage Connections Organize the Database Connections Grid The Database Login window displays all of your previous connections in the connections grid. You can reduce the number of connections that display and organize how they display in a variety of ways: l Display Only Favorite Connections (page 24) l Add Custom Columns (page 25) l Group Connections (Create Tree View) (page 25) l Hide/Display Columns (page 26) l Display Only Connections for Selected Oracle Home (page 26) l Display Tabs for Each Server or User (page 26) l Delete Previous Connections (page 27) Tips: l Toad provides a variety of features and options to help you manage multiple open connections. See "About Managing Multiple Connections" (page 21) for more information. l Click at the top of the Database Login window to refresh the connections grid. Access the Database Login Window All of the organization options are configured from the Database Login window. To access the Database Login window Click in the standard toolbar to open the Database Login window. Note: You can also select Session | New Connection. Display Only Favorite Connections If you have a long list of connections but only use a few of them regularly, you can mark the connections that you use frequently as favorites and hide the other connections. You can still view the other connections by displaying all connections instead of just favorites. To select favorite connections » In the connections grid, select the Favorite check box of the connection you want to make a favorite. To view only favorites in the connections grid » Below the connections grid, select the Show favorites only checkbox. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 25 Create and Manage Connections To view all connections in the connections grid » Below the connections grid, clear the Show favorites only checkbox. Add Custom Columns You can add columns to the connections grid. For example, you may want to add a Locations column if you manage databases in multiple physical locations, or you may want to add an Environment column to distinguish between Test and Production databases. Tip: You can also group the connections grid by custom fields. See "Group Connections (Create Tree View)" (page 25) for more information. To add a custom column 1. Click in the Database Login window toolbar. 2. Click Add. 3. Enter the name for your custom field. Group Connections (Create Tree View) You can group connections by column header to create a tree view. You can add multiple column headers to add grouping levels. To group connections in the data grid 1. Drag a column header into the grey area above the grid. 2. Drag additional column headers to add grouping levels. Tip: The image above is grouped by a custom column. See "Add Custom Columns" (page 25) for more information. To remove grouping » Drag the column header into the connections grid. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 26 Create and Manage Connections Hide/Display Columns If you have a small screen area, you can hide some of the columns that display in the connections grid. To hide or show columns 1. Click in the left-hand side of the grid headers. 2. Select the columns you want to display, or clear the checkbox for columns you want to hide. Display Only Connections for Selected Oracle Home If you have many connections using different Oracle homes, you may want to display only those using a particular home in the grid. To limit connections to one Oracle home 1. Select the Oracle home you want to display in the Connect using field on the right side of the Database Login window. Note: You can only connect to one Oracle home at a time. This field is disabled if you are already connected to a database. See "Select an Oracle Home" (page 28) for more information. 2. Click the Show selected home only checkbox at the bottom of the window. Display Tabs for Each Server or User By default, the connections grid does not contain tabs; it is a unified grid that displays all connections. You can change the grid to display separate tabs for each server or user. Each tab contains a grid of its database connections. To display tabs for each server or user » Click at the top of the Database Login window and select Tabbed by Server or Tabbed by User. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 27 Create and Manage Connections Delete Previous Connections To permanently remove connections from the Database Login window » Select the connection and press the DELETE key. Color Code the User Interface per Connection You can use connection colors to help you distinguish between open connections. The color coding displays prominently throughout Toad's user interface. For example, you may use red for all production databases and yellow for all test databases. The color coding would display as follows: l Any open window related to that connection l Window and Connection bar buttons 1) Connection Bar 2) Window Bar l Status bars Tip: Toad provides a variety of features and options to help you manage multiple open connections. See "About Managing Multiple Connections" (page 21) for more information. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 28 Create and Manage Connections To select a connection color 1. Click in the standard toolbar to open the Database Login window. Note: You can also select Session | New Connection. 2. Select a color in the Color column in the connection grid. Manage Oracle Homes Select an Oracle Home Only one Oracle home can be in use at one time. This means that once a connection is made, all future connections use the same Oracle home, regardless of default home. If you want to use a different Oracle home, you must close all open connections first. Default homes can be assigned for a connection or for Toad. When a default Oracle home is assigned to a particular connection, any time you make that connection from the connection grid, Toad automatically uses that Oracle home. When a default Oracle home is assigned to Toad, Toad automatically uses that Oracle home any time you create a connection to a new database. Toad searches for Oracle homes in several different ways. See "How Toad Finds Oracle Homes" in the online help for more information. Notes: l If you have multiple Oracle clients installed or want to use a TNSNames.ora file on a network, you may want to use the TNS_NAMES environment variable to simplify managing TNS connections. See "Create a Variable for the TNSNames.ora File" (page 32) for more information. l This topic focuses on information that may be unfamiliar to you. It does not include all step and field descriptions. To select an Oracle home 1. Click in the standard toolbar to open the Database Login window. Note: You can also select Session | New Connection. 2. With no open connections, select an Oracle home in the Connect using field. Note: To see more information about the home you have selected or change the SID, NLS_LANG, or SQLPATH, click to open the Oracle Home Editor. See "Edit the Oracle Home" (page 29) for more information. 3. To set this as the default Oracle home for all connections, select Make this the Toad default home. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 29 Create and Manage Connections Edit the Oracle Home You must restart Toad to have changes made here take effect. Note: This topic focuses on information that may be unfamiliar to you. It does not include all step and field descriptions. To edit the Oracle home 1. Click beside the Connect using box on the Database Login window. 2. Select an Oracle home by clicking on its node. You can then: l Click Clipboard. This will copy the selected information to the clipboard so you can past it into an email, or another document. l Click Advice. This will tell you if you have a proper Net8 installation for this home, or suggest changes to your installation. l Right-click and choose to edit one of the following: l SID for the selected home l NLS_LANG for the selected home l SQLPATH for the selected home Edit Oracle Connection Files Edit SQLNET Files From the SQLNET editor you can easily edit your SQLNET.ora parameters. The parameters on this window are standard Oracle parameters. See Oracle's documentation for more information. To edit your SQLNET.ora file 1. Click in the standard toolbar to open the Database Login window. Note: You can also select Session | New Connection. 2. Click SQLNET Editor. 3. To back up your file before editing it, click Create Backup File. Note: It is recommended that you create a backup file before you make any changes. This assures that if something goes wrong you can restore the original settings. 4. Make any necessary changes. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 30 Create and Manage Connections Note: If you are using a multi-threaded server and plan to use the PL/SQL Debugger, make sure you check the USE_DEDICATED_SERVER checkbox. This allows the PL/SQL Debugger to work. 5. To view the SQLNET.ora file after you update parameters, click View File as Modified. Edit LDAP Files You can use the LDAP editor to edit your LDAP parameters. Toad supports both Oracle LDAP and Windows LDAP servers. The parameters on this window are standard Oracle parameters. See Oracle's documentation for more information. To edit your LDAP.ora file 1. Click in the standard toolbar to open the Database Login window. Note: You can also select Session | New Connection. 2. Click LDAP Editor. 3. To back up your file before editing it, click Create Backup File. Note: It is recommended that you create a backup file before you make any changes. This assures that if something goes wrong you can restore the original settings. 4. Make any necessary changes. Note: The directory server types apply to all servers listed in the Directory Servers area. 5. To view the file after you update parameters, click View File. Edit TNSNames Files From the TNSNames Editor, you can easily edit your TNSNames files. You can add a new service, edit a service, delete a service, or work with two files and transfer services back and forth between the two. Notes: l The TNSNames Editor supports much of the standard Oracle syntax, but there are certain old or advanced features that it does not support. See "Limitations of the TNSNames Editor" (page 32) for more information. l An incorrect TNSNames.ora entry may block all valid entries after it. You can copy names to the top of the list until you find the incorrect entry. l This topic focuses on information that may be unfamiliar to you. It does not include all step and field descriptions. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 31 Create and Manage Connections To edit TNSNames files 1. Select Utilities | TNSNames Editor to open the TNSNames Editor. 2. Open a TNSNames file in one or both sides of the window. Note: If you are working with two TNSNames files at the same time, the TNSNames Editor does not prevent duplicate entries in the tnsnames.ora file. This allows you to copy a service and then edit it. Use the arrows in the middle of the screen to copy entries between the two files. 3. Make changes as necessary. Review the following for additional information: Add new service Click Clone a service To clone a service: and complete the required fields. a. Right-click the service and select Clone Service. Note: When you clone a service, the new service entry will have a blank Net Service Name and displays at the top of the service list. b. Select the new service and click modifications. Copy and paste entries to make necessary You can paste entries directly into either side of the TNSNames Editor from either the Project Manager or from a text file. To copy connections to the TNS Names Editor: a. Copy the text of the connection information from the email, file, or Project Manager. Note: To copy from the Project Manager, right-click the connection in the Connections tab and select TNSNames information to clipboard. b. Click in the pane containing the TNSNames.ora where you want the information. Test a connection To test a connection: a. Save the file to the location where your TNSping executable reads files. b. Select the connection and click . Tip: Click to check the syntax of your TNSNames file from the editor. If there are errors, Toad lists them in the Message tab and suggest ways to fix them. Note: You can add a UR tag to a CONNECT_DATA tag of a TNS entry. This is available ONLY through the text edit area of the editor, not the Edit Service Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 32 Create and Manage Connections window. This tag is supported as a patch to Oracle 10g and is no longer necessary in Oracle 11 and later. Create a Variable for the TNSNames.ora File If you have multiple Oracle clients installed or want to use a TNSNames.ora file on a network, you may want to use the TNS_NAMES environment variable to simplify managing TNS connections. This variable specifies the location of your TNSNames.ora file, and all installed Oracle clients use this file for connections. If the TNS_ADMIN variable is not defined, then each Oracle client must have its own TNSNames.ora file. Consequently, using the TNS_NAMES variable allows you to maintain one TNSNames.ora file instead of maintaining multiple copies for the clients. To create an environment variable for the TNSNames.ora file 1. Access the Environment Variables window: Windows 7 Windows Vista Windows XP Select Start | Computer | System Properties | Advanced system settings | Environment Variables. Select Start | My Computer | View system information | Advanced | Environment Variables. 2. Click New beneath the System variables field. 3. Enter TNS_ADMIN in Variable name the field. This must be an exact match. 4. Enter the TNSNames.ora file location in the Variable value field. Note: This file is generally located in the following directory: ORACLE_ HOME\NETWORK\ADMIN. Limitations of the TNSNames Editor The TNSNames Editor supports much of the standard Oracle syntax. There are, however, certain old or advanced features that it does not support: l Multiple Description Lists Note: Multiple Description entries are supported, and a DESCRIPTION_LIST will be created automatically to encompass them. l Multiple Address Lists l No ADDRESS_LIST keyword (The editor parses it correctly, but it adds the ADDRESS_ LIST parameter back in to the entry, which produces a completely equivalent configuration. Existing entries with multiple ADDRESS_LIST tags are preserved, even if edited in the Editor window. ) Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 33 Create and Manage Connections In all of these cases, the TNSNames Editor will not change the entry unless the user chooses to edit that particular entry. If you do not try to change a non-supported entry, the file will remain useable. If you do try to edit a service name with one of these unsupported features, the editor does its best to parse the entry into the Edit Service dialog box. It will write the entry into a structure it does support, if you click OK in the Edit Service dialog box and then save the file. Whenever the TNSNames Editor overwrites a file, it first makes a backup of that file in the same directory. So if you do accidentally cause problems to your file, you can revert to the backup. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 34 Create and Manage Connections Troubleshoot Connections General Connection Issues Problem Description and Possible Solution Cannot connect to Oracle You must have a full install of a 32-bit version of Net8. Connecting by SQL*Plus is not verification that Net8 is installed. Confirm that the registry setting specifies the correct folder where your TNSNames.ora file lives: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Oracle\TNS_ADMIN If you cannot connect to Oracle using Toad, your Oracle client software may not be installed correctly. Re-install the Net8 client from the Oracle setup disks. Or, if you have installed OEM, NetAssist, Oracle Lite, or any other Oracle software recently, remove that software and see if you can connect using Toad. This issue can also be caused by an error in the TNSNames file. See "Edit TNSNames Files" (page 30) for more information. Toad is connecting with the wrong Oracle Home The default home that Toad uses matches the one you have chosen in the Oracle Home Selector, unless you have previously selected the checkbox: Make this the Toad default home. Only one Oracle home can be in use at one time. This means that once a connection is made, all future connections use the same Oracle home, regardless of default home. If you want to use a different Oracle home, you must close all open connections first. OCI/DLL Not Found (Cannot load OCI DLL:) This problem commonly occurs when customers use a 64-bit Oracle client, which is not supported. Toad requires a 32-bit client. See the Toad for Oracle Installation Guide for more information. If you have a 32-bit client, make sure that the Oracle BIN directory is in your system path. This directory will be ORAWIN\BIN, or ORANT\BIN, or something similar. To check your path, Open a command line window, type PATH, and then press Enter. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 35 Create and Manage Connections Database Login Window Problem Description and Possible Solution There's an X beside TNSNames Editor or SQLNet Editor. Toad can't find the TNSNames.ora file or the appropriate SQLNet file. Make sure they are in the appropriate directory, and that your path points to them. All of my past connections are not visible in the grid. Clear the Show favorites only and Show selected home only fields in the bottom of the Database Login window. Toad is/is not saving the password for a connection. Make sure the Save Password column is selected or cleared as appropriate in the row for that connection. If Toad is saving all passwords and you do not want them saved, make sure the Save passwords checkbox beneath the grid is cleared. Note: If the Save Password field is disabled, your ability to save passwords may have been removed during installation. See the Toad for Oracle Installation Guide for more information. 3 Execute and Manage Code About the Editor The Toad Editor lets you edit many types of statements and code, and Toad provides many options to customize the Editor's behavior. See "Important Editor Settings" (page 37) for more information. The Editor attaches itself to the active connection in Toad, but if you do not have a connection you can still use it as a text editor. You can also change the schema to execute against from the Current Schema toolbar. See "Change Current Schema" (page 43) for more information. Tips: l The Editor's right-click menu contains many options to help you work with code. When you are trying to figure out how to do something, try right-clicking the Editor to see if it is available in the menu. l Select an object and press F4 to display the object's properties. See "Describe Objects" (page 59) for more information. l If you press CTRL and click a PL/SQL object, the object opens in a new Editor tab. If you press CTRL and click a non-PL/SQL object, the object opens in the Describe Objects window. Editor Panels The Editor is organized into the following areas: Area Description Navigator Panel The Navigator Panel is a desktop panel that displays an outline of the Editor contents in the active tab. You can click on the items listed to navigate to that statement in the Editor. The Navigator Panel is displayed on the left-hand side by default, but you can change where it is docked. Editor The main Editor window displays code in separate tabs. You can create tabs for different bits of code, or different types of code. SQL and PL/SQL can go in the same tab. Toad can tell where the cursor is located and compile PL/SQL or run SQL as required. Note: If you have multiple statements in the Editor, you must trail them with a valid statement terminator such as a semi-colon. Desktop Panels The desktop panels contain many options for tab display, depending on what kind of code you are working with and what you want to do with it. In Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 37 Execute and Manage Code Area Description addition, you can configure how these panels display to make Toad work for you. See "Customize the Editor Layout" (page 38) for more information. Important Editor Settings Toad provides many options to let you customize the Editor's behavior. The following table describes some of the most popular or important Editor options: Option Description Navigate Code templates Select code template settings. Code templates use a manual keystroke (CTRL+SPACE) to perform substitutions. See "Code Completion Templates" in the online help for more information. View | Toad Options | Editor | Behavior Commit after every statement Commit every time a statement is run, after any posted edits are made in the grid, and after a row is deleted in the grid. View | Toad Options | Oracle | Transactions Font Select the Editor display font. View | Toad Options | Editor | Display Syntax highlighting Select syntax highlighting settings. See "Syntax Highlighting" in the online help for more information. View | Toad Options | Editor | Behavior Tab stops Enter the number of spaces entered when you press TAB. View | Toad Options | Editor | Behavior When closing connections Commit, rollback, or prompt when closing connections. This field is disabled if you select Commit after every statement. View | Toad Options | Oracle | Transactions Enabling this option makes it very easy to accidentally change or delete data. It is recommended that you do not select this option, and you should never have it enabled when you are working on a production database. Selecting Commit makes it very easy to accidentally change or delete data. It is recommended that you select Prompt. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 38 Execute and Manage Code Customize the Editor Layout You can easily configure which panels display on your Editor desktop and where they display. You can select panels to display one at a time or in groups. When you have configured it, you can save the desktop with its own name, returning to it whenever the need arises. In addition, you can turn on Auto-save current desktop, and however you have the desktop set when you change tabs or close Toad will be how your desktop is defined the next time you open the Editor. You can split the Editor to easily compare code revisions. See "Split the Editor Layout" (page 38) for more information. Note: This topic focuses on information that may be unfamiliar to you. It does not include all step and field descriptions. To display panels one at a time 1. Right-click the Editor and select Desktop. 2. Select the panel you want to display or hide. To configure your desktop 1. Right-click the panel area near the bottom of the window. 2. Select Desktop | Configure Desktop Layout. 3. Select the panels you want to display in the Show column, and click the drop down menus in the Dock Site column to change where the panel is docked. By default, all except the Navigator will be docked below the Editor. To save your desktop 1. Click on the Desktops toolbar. 2. Enter the name you want to use for this desktop. To use a saved desktop » From the drop-down desktop menu, select the desktop you want to use. To restore a desktop » Click the drop-down arrow on Default Desktop. and select Revert to Last Saved Desktop or Restore Split the Editor Layout You can split the Editor to easily compare code revisions. Tip: To remove the split layout, right-click in the Editor and select Split Editor Layout | Not Split. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad Execute and Manage Code To split the Editor 1. Right-click the Editor and select Split Editor Layout. 2. Select one of the following options: l Left-Right l Top-Bottom 39 Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 40 Execute and Manage Code Execute Statements and Scripts Toad provides many different options for you to execute scripts: If you want to... Review the following: Execute a script in the Editor Use Execute as script (F5) in the Editor. See "Execute Scripts in the Editor" (page 41) for more information. Execute a long-running script without tying up Toad (execute a script outside of Toad) Execute multiple scripts Considerations: l Long-running scripts can tie up the Editor. l Does not support bind variables and cannot produce editable data. Alternately, you can execute the code as a statement. See "Execute Single Statements" (page 41) for more information. l Fetches all matching records at the same time, which may cause it to execute slower and use more resources. Use Quest Script Runner for scripts that may take a long time to execute or to execute a script in an external application. See "Execute Scripts with Quest Script Runner" (page 42) for more information. Considerations: l Compared to executing a script in Toad, Quest Script Runner does not offer all of the Editor's features l You can also use SQL*Plus to externally execute scripts. SQL*Plus does not have data grids or other Toad features, and it does not support Unicode. See "Execute SQL via SQL*Plus" in the online help for more information. You can use the Automation Designer or Script Manager. Review the following topics in the online help for more information: l Automation Designer Overview l Script Manager Overview Schedule execution Create a Toad Action and schedule it to run. See "Scheduling Actions and Apps" in the online help for more information. Execute through the command line Execute scripts or Toad Actions with scripts from the command line. Review the following topics in the online help for more information: l Command Line Syntax l Execute Actions from the Command Line l Automation Designer Overview Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 41 Execute and Manage Code Execute Single Statements You can easily execute a single statement in the Editor. Toad's parser identifies and executes the statement or compiles the PL/SQL at the cursor. Note: If you select code and execute, Toad ignores the parser results and executes the portion that is selected. This may cause errors, especially if you select more than one statement. It is better to place your cursor in the statement you want to execute and let Toad select the statement. This method fetches matching records in batches to improve performance. The default is 500 records, but you can change the default by editing the OCI Array Buffer size option. See "General Oracle Options" in the online help for more information. Notes: l Executing a statement can produce editable data. See "Understand Editable Resultsets" (page 67) for more information. l Toad provides several options to execute a full script or multiple statements. See "Execute Statements and Scripts" (page 40) for more information. l You can easily execute a SQL statement embedded within PL/SQL. See "Execute SQL Statements within PL/SQL" in the online help for more information. To execute a statement in the Editor » Place the cursor in the statement and click Note: To cancel the execution, click on the Execute toolbar (F9). in the Execute toolbar. Execute Scripts in the Editor Toad's Execute as script command is generally the best method when you want to execute multiple statements or a script in the Editor. However, there are some important differences between executing scripts and a single statement (Execute Single Statements (page 41)). For example, executing scripts: l Does not support bind variables l Cannot produce editable datasets l Fetches all matching records at the same time, which may cause it to execute slower and use more resources than executing a single statement If you want to execute a script that may take a long time to run, executing with Quest Script Runner may be the best choice. Quest Script Runner is an external execution utility, which allows you to keep working in Toad while the script executes in the background. See "Execute Scripts with Quest Script Runner" (page 42) for more information. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 42 Execute and Manage Code Notes: l Toad does not support all SQL*Plus commands. See "SQL*Plus Commands" in the online help for more information. l Linesize in Toad defaults to 80, just as in SQL*Plus. If you want to change this to a longer amount, you can do it using the SET LINESIZE command in your script. l To load and immediately execute a script file, select Editor | Load and Execute a Script File. To execute the contents of the Editor as a script » Click on the Execute toolbar (F5). Caution: If any changes have been made, the script in the current window is automatically saved, and then executed as a script. Note: To cancel the execution, click in the Execute toolbar. Execute Scripts with Quest Script Runner Quest Script Runner (QSR) looks and operates the same way as the Toad Editor, but it only includes a subset of the Editor's features. Quest Script Runner is a small script execution utility that can run in the background or from the command line. Quest Script Runner can be helpful when you need to run long scripts and want to perform other tasks in Toad. In addition, several instances of Quest Script Runner can run at one time because of its small size. The Quest Script Runner window is divided into the following regions: l Editor (top)—Displays the script for you to review and edit. You can use the toolbar to save the script, open a different one, search, manage your connection, and other options. l Script output (bottom)—Displays the script output and variable settings. See "Script Output Tabs" in the online help for more information. Notes: l Quest Script Runner is not completely SQL*Plus compatible; however, most DDL and DML scripts should be supported. See "SQL*Plus Commands" in the online help for more information. l If you change data in the script session, the changes will not reflect in Toad until you commit the changes in the script session. Also, any session control statements executed in the script session (such as ALTER SESSION) are not visible to the Toad session. l This topic focuses on information that may be unfamiliar to you. It does not include all step and field descriptions. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 43 Execute and Manage Code To execute scripts from Toad in Quest Script Runner 1. Open the script in the Toad Editor. 2. Select Editor | Execute SQL via QSR. Quest Script Runner opens using your current connection and executes the script. Note: You can also click the drop-down beside the icon and select Execute in QSR. To execute scripts within QSR 1. Open the script in the Quest Script Runner Editor. 2. Click on the Quest Script Runner toolbar. Work with Code Change Current Schema The Current Schema drop-down lets you work with a schema other than the one to which you are connected. This can be useful if, for example, you have tested a SQL statement in your test schema and now want to execute it on several other schemas without disconnecting and reconnecting. By default, the current schema is set to your current connection. When you use this drop-down, Toad issues an ALTER SESSION SET current_schema command. After you execute, Toad issues the ALTER SESSION SET current_schema command again to return to the original connection schema. Note: You must have the ALTER SESSION system privilege to use this feature. If you do not have the privilege, the drop-down is disabled. To change the current schema » Select a different schema in the Current Schema toolbar. Change the Schema in Scripts The Current Schema drop-down does not work with script execution or debugging commands. However, because Execute as Script is designed to mimic SQL*Plus, you can use a set schema command to change the schema. To change the schema in scripts » Include the following command at the beginning of your script: ALTER SESSION SET current_schema = "USERNAME" Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 44 Execute and Manage Code Save and Reuse SQL Statements You can save SQL statements and easily insert them into the Editor at any time. The best way to save SQL statements is with the Named SQL feature. Toad also allows you to export and import your saved SQL. See "Import/Export Saved SQL" in the online help for more information. Toad lists saved and recently executed SQL statements in the SQL Recall pane. See "View Recently Executed SQL Statements" (page 45) for more information. Notes: l If you want a quicker way to save SQL statements, you can save them as Personal SQL statements by selecting Editor | Add to Personal SQLs. This bypasses the dialog to name the SQL. However, the only way to reuse Personal statements is from the SQL Recall pane. l Toad stores all saved SQL in User Files\SavedSQL.dat. l This topic focuses on information that may be unfamiliar to you. It does not include all step and field descriptions. To save statements from the Editor 1. Select the statement in the Editor. 2. Select Editor | Add to Named SQLs. 3. Enter a name for the SQL statement. Note: The name is case sensitive. For example, you can save both "sql1" and "SQL1". To use a saved statement in the Editor 1. Select one of the following options: l Press CTRL+N in the Editor and select the statement from the pick list. l Enter ^MyNamedSQL in the Editor, where MyNamedSQL is the name of your saved SQL statement. Toad replaces the SQL name with the saved statement at execution. l Double-click or drag the statement from the SQL Recall pane. To view saved statements » Select View | SQL Command Recall | Named. To edit statements in the SQL Recall pane » Select a statement and click on the SQL Recall toolbar. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 45 Execute and Manage Code View Recently Executed SQL Statements Toad saves recently executed statements in the History tab of the SQL Recall pane. This list is organized with the most recent SQL at the top by default. You can select a statement from this list and run it, save the statement for easy recall, or remove a statement from this list. The SQL Recall pane also lists your saved SQL statements in the Named and Personal tabs. See "Save and Reuse SQL Statements" (page 44) for more information. Notes: l You can change the number of statements that SQL Recall saves in the History (500 is default) or save only SQL statements that executed successfully. You can select these options and other SQL Recall settings on the Code Assist options page. See "Code Assist Options" in the online help for more information. l This topic focuses on information that may be unfamiliar to you. It does not include all step and field descriptions. To view previously executed SQL statements » Select View | SQL Command Recall | History (F8). Tip: You can also press ALT+UP ARROW or ALT+DOWN ARROW in the Editor. To open SQL statement directly in the Editor » Double-click or drag the statement from the SQL Recall pane. To save statements in the History tab 1. Select a statement and click in the SQL Recall toolbar. 2. Select Named in the Type field and enter a name for the statement in the Name field. To edit statements in the SQL Recall pane » Select a statement and click on the SQL Recall toolbar. Format Code You can have Toad format your code in the Editor. The following images display part of a script before and after formatting: Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 46 Execute and Manage Code Before After You can customize how Toad formats the code, such as inserting spaces instead of tabs or changing the case for SQL commands. See "Formatter Options" in the online help for more information. Note: Format multiple scripts at one time from the Project Manager. See "Format Files" in the online help for more information. To format a statement » Select the statement you want to select and click on the Edit toolbar. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 47 Execute and Manage Code To format an entire script » Click on the Edit toolbar. Tip: You can also right-click the script and select Formatting Tools | Format Code. Display Pick List (Automatically Complete Code) The Toad Insight feature helps you write code by displaying a pick list with relevant object or column names. For example, if you start typing SYS and invoke the pick list, the SYSTEM user would be included in the pick list: Toad provides options for you to customize Code Insight's behavior, such as adjusting the length of time before the pick list displays. See "Code Assist Options" in the online help for more information. To display the pick list » Press CTRL+T, or begin typing a name and pause 1.5 seconds. Note: There are additional shortcut keys you can use with Toad Insight. See "Toad Insight Pick List Shortcuts" (page 11) for more information. Extract Procedures You can extract a procedure from existing code into a new stored procedure or locally defined procedure. Creating the new procedure and call depend heavily on the parser to determine which identifiers in the text selection must be declared as parameters in the new procedure. If Toad cannot parse the code, no extraction occurs. Note: This topic focuses on information that may be unfamiliar to you. It does not include all step and field descriptions. To extract procedures 1. Select the code you want to extract in the Editor. 2. Right-click and select Refactor | Extract Procedure. 3. Select a procedure type. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 48 Execute and Manage Code Note: If you select stored procedure, you can choose to either include the "CREATE OR REPLACE" in the DDL instead of just "CREATE". 4. Enter the procedure name. Tip: The new procedure and the resulting procedure call are created an inserted so that the code is syntactically correct, but no formatting is done to the code. You can have Toad format the code by pressing SHIFT+CTRL+F. Comment Out Code Block These commands add or remove comments from the selected block of text by adding or removing "--" from the beginning of each line. To comment code 1. Select the code block. 2. Right-click and select Refactor | Comment Block. Tip: You can also press CTRL+B. To uncomment code 1. Select the code block. 2. Right-click and select Refactor | Uncomment Block. Tip: You can also press SHIFT+CTRL+B. Find Unused Variables Toad can find unused variables and identifiers in PL/SQL with code refactoring. If Toad find unused variables, it displays the variables and lets you jump to the occurrence in the Editor. Notes: l Toad only searches the object in the Editor, and does not evaluate other PL/SQL objects that may reference it. Be careful when removing unused variables from package specifications, as they maybe be referenced in other PL/SQL that is not searched. l This topic focuses on information that may be unfamiliar to you. It does not include all step and field descriptions. To find unused variables 1. Right-click code in the Editor. 2. Select Refactor | Find Unused Variables. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 49 Execute and Manage Code Rename Identifiers You can easily rename identifiers (variables, parameters, or PL/SQL calls) for PL/SQL in the Editor with code refactoring. Notes: l Toad only searches the PL/SQL object in the Editor. Be careful when renaming identifiers in package specifications, as they maybe be referenced in other PL/SQL that is not searched. l This topic focuses on information that may be unfamiliar to you. It does not include all step and field descriptions. To rename identifiers 1. Right-click an identifier in the Editor and select Refactor | Rename Identifier. 2. Enter the new name in the Name field. Debug PL/SQL About Debugging You can debug PL/SQL, SQL scripts, and Java in Toad. Toad's documentation includes tutorials on how to debug. See "Debugging a Procedure or Function Tutorial" in the online help for more information. Notes: l There are minimum Oracle database requirements for using this feature. See "Minimum Oracle Database Requirements" in the online help for more information. l The debugger is not designed to work with word-wrapped lines, since the Editor will then have a different set of line numbers than what is stored in Oracle. Toad provides a warning message about this if you open the procedure Editor while word-wrapping is enabled. To disable word-wrap, select View | Toad Options | Editor | Behavior and clear Word wrap. Types of Debugging Debugging in Toad requires you to select one type of debugging at a time for all database instances open per instance of Toad. For example, if you have three database connections in one instance of Toad, they must all be in the same debugging state. If you then opened another instance of Toad, with the same or different connections, they could be in a different debugging state. Review the following about the debugging types: DBMS Debugger Debugs PL/SQL. Using the Debugger, you can set breakpoints, watches, and see call stacks. In addition, you can view DBMS output. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 50 Execute and Manage Code Note: When using the PL/SQL Debugger and connecting to a RAC instance, you must have the TNSNAMES entry for the instance with the server directed the use connection or session here. Or, you must connect directly to an instance of the cluster without letting the server assign an instance. Script Debugger Debugs SQL scripts. You can set breakpoints, run to cursor, step over, trace into, and halt execution of your scripts. You can also use Toad's Auto Debugger, which automatically inserts DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_ LINE statements into the DDL. Once you compile the code and inspect the contents of the DBMS_OUTPUT buffer, you can remove all instances of DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE with the click of a button. See "Automatically Insert DBMS_OUTPUT Statements (Auto Debugger)" in the online help for more information. Compile with Debug Information To use the debugger fully with PL/SQL or Java packages, you need to compile your object with debug information. If you have not compiled with debug information, in databases in versions before 10g you can step into a unit, step over and so on, but you cannot see watches unless the object is compiled with debug. In a 10g database you cannot step into code or step over unless the object was compiled with debug. You can only execute. In addition, if you are debugging an object that has dependent objects, you cannot step into the dependents unless they, too, are compiled with debug information. See "Dependencies and References" in the online help for more information. To enable compile with debug » Click on the main toolbar or select Session | Toggle Compiling with Debug. Note: You can have Toad enable Toggle Compiling with Debug by default for each new session. See "Execute and Compile Options" in the online help for more information. Start Debugging You can debug PL/SQL objects in the Editor. When you open a complete package or type in the Editor, the spec and body open in separate tabs by default. However, Toad provides options to control how objects are split, reassembled, and saved. See "Editor Options: Open/Save" in the online help for more information. Note: This topic focuses on information that may be unfamiliar to you. It does not include all step and field descriptions. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 51 Execute and Manage Code To start the Debugger 1. Open a PL/SQL object in the Editor. 2. Click on the main toolbar or select Session | Toggle Compiling with Debug. This enables debugging. 3. Compile the object on the database. 4. Select one of the following options on the Execute toolbar to begin debugging: l Execute PL/SQL with debugger ( l Step over ( l Step into ( l Run to cursor ( ) ) ) ) View DBMS Output Oracle provides a specifically designed package called DBMS_OUTPUT with functions for debugging PL/SQL code. It uses a buffer that your PL/SQL code writes into and then a separate process queries the buffer out and displays the contents. You must enable DBMS Output before executing the PL/SQL. In Toad, output displays after the procedure has completed execution, not while you are stepping through the code. In nested procedure calls, all procedures must have run to completion before any DBMS Output content is displayed. Troubleshooting If you do not see DBMS Output, try the following suggestions: l Right-click the lower pane and select Desktop Panels | DBMS Output. l Make sure the Toggle Output On/Off button is on ( ) in the DBMS Output tab. Then, set the interval in the Polling Frequency box. If the toggle is on, Toad periodically scans for and displays DBMS Output content. l Contact your Oracle DBA to make sure the DBMS_OUTPUT package is enabled on your database. 4 Work with Database Objects About the Schema Browser The Schema Browser allows you to view, add, and modify database objects. It also displays detailed information about a selected object. For example, the detailed information for a table includes its subpartitions, columns, indexes, data, grants, and so on. Notes: l Some Schema Browser features may not be available unless you have the commercial version of Toad with the DB Admin Module. l You can set the Schema Browser to open automatically when a new connection is made. Select View | Toad Options | Windows and select the Auto Open checkbox of the Schema Browser row. Schema Browser Panes The Schema Browser is divided into two panes to help you review objects and their details: Pane Description List of objects (left-hand side) The left-hand side of the Schema Browser provides a list of objects that you can view. In general, you select a schema and an object type, and the list refreshes to display the relevant objects. You can filter the objects and save your filters for future use. See "About Schema Browser Filters" (page 62) for more information. The list can display additional information about the objects, such as the tablespace and number of rows. To view additional information, rightclick a column in the left-hand side and select additional columns to display. (This feature is unavailable with the tree view display.) Tip: In drop-down mode, you can hide leading characters of object names in the left-hand side. Right click a column and select Hide leading characters of name. The display resets when you change the schema or connection. Object details (right-hand side) The right-hand side initially displays the same list of objects as the lefthand side. When you select an object on the left-hand side, Toad displays its details in the right-hand side. This format makes it easy for you to compare details between objects of the same type. Note: You can use Toad's Describe Objects feature to display an object's details in a new window. The Describe Objects window displays the Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 53 Work with Database Objects Pane Description same information you would see in the right-hand side of the Schema Browser. See "Describe Objects" (page 59) for more information. From the Schema Browser you can drop most objects, enable/disable applicable objects, and disable triggers for a table or for an entire schema. You can recompile procedures, functions, packages, triggers, and views, or they can be extracted from the database and loaded into the clipboard or Editor. Tips: l To reset the right-hand side to mirror the list of objects on the left-hand side, click in the toolbar or select multiple objects on the left-hand side. l Many of the panes within the Schema Browser have icons to identify the objects. See "View Schema Browser Icon Legend" (page 60) for more information. l Many of the objects and panes have enhanced right-click menus. Right-click an object or its details to see what options are available. Customize the Schema Browser You can customize how the Schema Browser displays to better suit the way you work. The most common customization is to change how object types display in the left-hand side. See "Select the Left-Hand Side Display Style" (page 53) for more information. Toad also provides dozens of options to further customize the display and behavior of the Schema Browser. Select View | Toad Options | Schema Browser to view the options. Customize the Schema Browser Select the Left-Hand Side Display Style You can customize how the Schema Browser displays to better suit the way you work. The most common customization is to change how object types display in the left-hand side. Once you select a basic display style, you can rename, hide, or rearrange the object types on the left-hand side and detail tabs on the right-hand side. See "Customize Schema Browser Tabs" (page 55) for more information. Tips: l To hide the right-hand side of the Schema Browser, press F12. You can press F12 again to display it again. l To hide or display images and tips in the left-hand side, click toolbar and select the appropriate option. l In drop-down mode, you can hide leading characters of object names in the left-hand side. in the Schema Browser Beginner's Guide to Using Toad Work with Database Objects Right click a column and select Hide leading characters of name. The display resets when you change the schema or connection. To select the left-hand side display style 1. Click in the Schema Browser toolbar. 2. Select one of the following options: Drop-down Displays object types in an alphabetical drop-down field. Tabbed (single row of tabs) Displays object types as a single line of tabs. You must scroll through the tabs to view all object types. Tabbed (multi line tabbed) Displays multiple rows of tabs instead of the scroll bar. 54 Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 55 Work with Database Objects Tree view Displays object types in a tree view. Note: You may need to close any open instances of the Schema Browser for the new browser style to display. Customize Schema Browser Tabs The Schema Browser displays object types on the left-hand side and detail tabs on the right-hand side. You can rename, rearrange, and hide the object types that display in the left-hand side or the tabs on the right-hand side. Note: This topic focuses on information that may be unfamiliar to you. It does not include all step and field descriptions. To customize tabs and object types 1. Click on the Schema Browser toolbar. 2. Select Configure LHS Object Types to customize the left-hand side, or select Configure RHS Tabs to customize the right-hand side. 3. Customize the display settings. Review the following for additional information: Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 56 Work with Database Objects If you want to... Complete the following: Rename an object type or tab Enter a new name in the Caption field. Hide an object type or tab Clear the Visible field. Rearrange tabs Select a tab and click the up or down arrow on the right. Note: You can only rearrange the order of object type tabs if you are in a tabbed view. See "Select the Left-Hand Side Display Style" (page 53) for more information. Tip: To restore the default settings, click at the bottom of the window. 4. To save the left-hand side settings as a configuration file, click of the window. at the bottom Notes: You can save and load different configurations. This gives you more flexibility when you are working, because you can easily change the display to suit different tasks. Group Favorite Objects You can group objects that you use frequently into a tab on the Schema Browser. These different objects can be grouped into one or several folders. Folders are specific to an instance (not a connection or a schema). Notes: l The configuration file for this tab is saved as Projects.lst in the User Files folder. l This topic focuses on information that may be unfamiliar to you. It does not include all step and field descriptions. To group favorite objects 1. Click on the Standard toolbar to open the Schema Browser. 2. Select Favorites in the object list in the left-hand side. 3. Add one or more folders to group the objects: a. Click on the Favorites toolbar. b. Enter a folder name. 4. Add objects to a folder. Review the following for additional information: To search for and select objects Complete the following: a. Click on the Favorites toolbar. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 57 Work with Database Objects b. Search for objects. See "Object Search" in the online help for more information. c. Highlight the objects you want to add in the Results tab and click . d. Select the folder where you want the object. To add objects directly Complete the following: a. Right-click an object in the left-hand side and select Add to SB Favorites List. b. Select the folder where you want the object. To add scripts/files Complete the following: a. Right-click the folder where you want the item in the Favorites list and select Add Files. b. Select the file and click Open. Note: Multi-select files to add more than one at a time. c. Select the folder where you want the object. Tips: l To remove objects from a folder, select the object in the Favorites list and click . l To empty or remove favorites folders, right-click the folder and select Remove Folder to remove the folder and its contents or Empty Folder to leave the folder in the list but remove its contents. Create Objects Toad lets you select Oracle object parameters and generate a DDL statement to create or alter objects. It is generally a good idea to review the DDL statement before executing it. When you execute the statement, Toad passes it to the database, and the object is created or altered. The options to create or alter an object in Toad follow the parameters defined by Oracle. If you need clarification on what an option means or how it should be used, see Oracle's documentation for more information. Oracle provides detailed documentation about objects, including their purpose, properties, and restrictions. Notes: l You can also find detailed information about parameters in Knowledge Xpert. Knowledge Xpert is an extensive Oracle technical resource which you can search in the Quick Search bar. See "Quick Search Bar" (page 13) for more information. l You can use an existing object as a template when creating a new one. See "Use Existing Object as Template for New Objects" (page 59) for more information. Beginner's Guide to Using Toad 58 Work with Database Objects l This topic focuses on information that may be unfamiliar to you. It does not include all step and field descriptions. To create an object 1. Click on the Standard toolbar to open the Schema Browser. 2. Select the object type in the left-hand side and click . Note: You can also create an object by selecting Database | Create |
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