Apple I Operation Manual Apple1manual Alt
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E MANUAL APPLE COMPUTER COMPANY 770 Welch Road _ Calif. 94304 Palo Alto, The Apple Computer is a complete microprocessor system, consisting of a Mos Technology 6502 microprocessor and support hardwart, integral video display electronics, dynamic memory and fully regulated power and refresh hardware, supplies, It contains resident system monitor via the keyboard software, enabling the user, and display, to write, examine, debug, and run programs efficiently; thus being an educational tool for the learning of microprocessor programming, and an aid in the development of software. plied), although static memory may also be used. All refreshing of dynamic memory, including all I’ off - board ” expansion memory, is done autoThe entire system timing, including matically. the microprocessor clock and aI1 video signals, originates in a single crystal oscillator, Further, the printed circuit board contains a “breadboard area”, in which the user can add additional I+ on -board I’ hardware ( for example, extra PLUS, ACWs, EROM’s, and so on). The integral video display section and the keyboard interface renders unnecessary the need for an external teletype, The display section contains its ownmemory, leaving all of RAM for uwr programs, and the output format is 40 characters/ line, 24 lines/page, with auto sc&lling. Almost any ASCII encoded keyboard will interface directly with the Apple system, Thie GETTUG is divided into three Sections: I GETTING THE SYSTEM RUNNING, IX USING’ THE SYSTEM MONITOR. (listing included) SectionIII EXPANDING THE SYSTEM, Section Section Please readsection I thoroughly, before attempting to “power-up” your system, and study Section III carefully before attempting to expand your system. 1n addition to this manual, Apple j’Tech Notes” are available which contain examples of expansion hardware and techniques. The board has sockets for upto 8K bytes of the 16 pin, 4K type, RAM, and the system is fully expandable to 65K via the edge connector, The system uses dynamic memory (4K bytes sup- I manual SECTJ,UN X THE SYSTEM RUNNING I STROBE line, and two normally-open pushbutton switches, used for RESET (enter monitor), and CLEAR SCREEN (see schematic diagram, sheet 3 of 3, for exact circuitry). This keyboard connectar aIs0 supplies three voltages, (-HI, +12V, and-12V) of which one or more may be necessary to operate the keyboard. Pin 15 of the keyboard connector (B4) must be tied to t5V (pin 16) for normal operation, The Apple Computer is fully assembled, tested, and burned in, The only external devices necessary for operation of the system are: An ASCII encoded keyboard, a video display monitor, and AG power sources of 8 to IO Volts (RMS) @3 three amps and 28Volts (RMS) @l amp. The following articles describe the attachment of these devices in detail, Keyboard: NOTE: The system monitor accepts only uppercase alpha (A-F, R). It is therefore convenient, though it’s not essential, to have a keyboard equipped with uppercase alpha lock (usually in the electronics). Either of the following suggested circuits may be used to provide alpha lack capability, if needed, and can be built in the breadboard area, Any ASCII encoded keyboard, with positive outputs , interfaces directly with the Apple connector, xf your keyboard system via a f’DIP’t has negative logic DATA outputs (rare), you can install inverters (7404) in the breadboard area. The strobe can be either positive or negative, of long or short duration, The rrDIPt’ keyboard canone nectar (B4) has inputs far seven DATA lines, DATA oob”---*ss 5- TO KBD CONNECTOR 104) IL 1 I equivalent ( 28VCT at 1 amp). Simply wire the secondaries tothe mating six-pinMolex connector supplied, and wire the primaries in parallel, as shown in the schematic diagram (power supply section, Dwg.No. 00101, sheet 3 of 3, The Apple Computer outputs a composite signal (composite of sync and video inforn) which can be applied to any standard ter-scan type video display monitor. The outlevel is adjustable with the potentiometer ted near the video output Molex connector, 52. he additional two outside pins on the Molex cony t5 and+12 volts, to be used in future sories. The composite video signal modulated at the proper RF frequency, uithan inexpensive commercially available device, pplied to the antenna terminals of a home sion receiver. Since the character format characters /line, all television receivers ilI have the necessary bandwidth to display the 40 characters. Two large manufacturers o display monitors, which connect directly e Apple Computer, are Motorola and Ball. mating four-pin Molex connector is provided. TEST PROGRAM After attaching the keyboard, display, and AC power sources, you can try a simple program to test if your system and the attachments are functioning together properly. While it does not test many possible areas of the microprocessor system, the test program will test for the correct attachment of the keyboard, display, and power supplies. FIRST: Hit the RESET button to enter the system monitor. A backslash should be displayed, and the cursor should drop to the next line. C\C Power Sources: !y Two incoming AC power sources are reluired for operation: 8 to 10 VAC (RMS) at 3 amps, !knd 28VAC (RMS) Center-Tapped at 1 amp. These ;‘\C supplies enter the system at the Molex conThe 8 to10 volts AC provides the raw ,Iector, Jl. kc for the +5 volt supply, while the 28 VCT sup@es the raw AC for the t12 and -12 volt supplies, .nd the -5V supply is derived from the -12V regdated output. SECOND: gzA9bQbAAb2gbEFbFFb TypeE8 b 8A b 4C b 2 b Q (RET) (@ is a zero, NOT an alpha “011; b means blank or space; and (RET) hit the “return” key on the keyboard) THIRD: Q . A (RET) Type(This should print out, program you have just The board, as supplied, requires no more han 1.5 amps DC from the +5V supply, while the egulator is capable of supplying 3 amps. The eemaining 1.5 amps DC from the t5V supply is .vailable for user hardware expansion (provided uitable transformer ratings are employed). .equired, ormers; 0 volts FOURTH: Type(R means on the display, entered.) the R (=T) run the program.) THE PROGRAM SHOULD THEN PRINT OUT ON THE DISPLAY A CONTINUOUS STREAM OF ASCII CHARACTERS. TO STOP THE PROGRAM AND RETURNTO THE SYSTEM MONITOR, HIT THE “RESET” BUTTON. TO RUN AGAIN, TYPE : R (RET). A suitable source of the raw AC voltages are two commercially available transStancor P/N P-8380 or equivalent (8 to at 3 amps), and Stancor P/N P-8667 or -2- SECTION II USING THE The Hex Monitor is a PROM program in locations FFVO t0FFF.F (hex) which uses the keybosrdanddisplay to perform the front panel functions of examining memory, and running programs. Themonitorprogramis entered byhitting(RESET), which displays backslash - return. A backslash alone(cursor remains on same line as backslash) indicates bad page 0 RAM. SYSTEM Note: 56 is conside red the most recently location. The “b” is a blank or and is a delimiter for separation only. A string of delimiters has effect as a single one (bbb is as as b). 5. Examining once. USER TYPES/ MONITOR TYPES/ Commands are typed on a “line-at-a-time” Each line may consist of any basis with editing. number of commands (up to 128 characters). None The are executed until ( RETURN) is typed. (SHIFT-O) (backarrow) backspaces and ethos an The (ESC) cnacels a line and echo8 underline. backslash-return. 2. Opening a of a single USER MONITOR several blocks “opened” comma, purposes the same effective of memory at 4F. 52 b 56 b 58.5A WET) 4@4F: OF vv5v: v v Vl 42 VQ56: 66 @d58: d8 d9 OA One or more hexadecimal digits (O-9, A-F) are used for address and data values. Addresses use the four least significant digits of a group, and data values, the two least significant digits. The following examples illustrate the variety of acceptable commands: 1. MONITOR Note: 58 is considered location. Refer themost recently”opened” to example 2. 6. Examining USER MONITOR successive TYPES/ TYPES/ USER MONITOR USER MONITOR TYPES TYPES/ TYPES/ TYPES/ blocks. 4F. 52 (RET) g@BF: VF vv50: da Vl v2 location (examining the contents address). TYPES/ 4F (RET) TYPES/ q04F: VF (contents of 4F) / i;&(:;T;4 .5A (RET) 9456: 96 a7 VV58: Examining a block; from the last examined location, to a specified one. USER TYPES/ .5A (RET) MONITOR TYPES/ 6459: VU 01 42 43 94 d5 46 47 Q5 08 09 @A 7. Depositing USER MONITOR Note: Location contains 8. Depositing data in successive locations from that lastused in a deposit command. USER TYPES / : Al b A2 b A3 b A4 b A5 (RET) (This deposits Al in location 31, A2 in 32, and so on.) 9. Combining command. USER data in a single location. TYPES / 38: AO (RET) TYPES/ $Q3d: FF (prior contents) 34 is considered 3Q. opened and now 0458: V8 d9 VA Note: 4F is opened still considered location. the most recently 3. Combining examples 1 and 2 to print block of memory in a single command. USER TYPES/ 4F. 5A (RET) MONITOR TYPES / 9050: VV Ql 02 V3 44 05 06 47 a 0458: 08 99 @A Note: 4. Only the first is considered Examining once. USER MONITOR location “opened”. several of the individual TYPES/ TYPES/ block (4F) locations Capital at 10. 4F b 52 b 56 (RET) d04F: OF letters Example: enclosed (RET) TYPES/ MONITOR TYPES/ QQ3Q: FF (prior 0452: d2 VV56: 06 NOTE: examples in parenthesis represent means hit the “return” -3- 7 and 8 in a single 3@: Aa b Al b A2 b A3 b A4 b A5 (RET) contents of location 34) Depositing data in successive locations with separate commands. USER TYPES/ 30: AQ b Al (RET) MONITOR TYPES / VQ3Q: FF USER TYPES/ :A2 b A3 (RET) USER TYPES/ :A4 b A5 (RET) single key. keystrokes. Note: 11. A colon in a command means “start depositing data from the most recently deposited location, or if none, then from-the most recently opened one. 15. Examining USER MONITOR QQ3Q: USER :BO b An “on line” error correction. USER TYPES/ ’ 4& Al b A2 b A3A4A5A6 b A7 (data A6 will be loaded in location 42) USER TYPES/ 405(/6474: AA (data AA will be loaded in location 6079) 16. Useful routines in monitor which can be accessed by user programs. GETLINE: location FFl F: monitor entry point (jumping to FFlF will enter monitor and echo carriage return. You can then examine memory locations with the monitor, ) a block, then depositing into it. TYPES/ 30.35 (RET) TYPES/ A@ Al A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 TYPES/ Bl b B2 b B3 b B4 b B5 (RET) Note: New data deposited beginning cently opened location (34) 12. Run a program at a specified address. USER TYPES/ l@FO R (RET) MONITOR TYPES/ l@Fg: A9 (contents) Note: The cursor of the “A9”; line. 13. Run at the most recently USER TYPES/ MONITOR TYPES / USER TYPES/ 14. MONITOR is left immediately it is not returned at most re- to the right to the next TYPES/ 44: FF (prior tents conof 49) ECHO: location FFEF: prints one byte (ASCII) (data from “A” (accumulator), contents of rlA” not disturbed. Example: 2d b EF b FF (JRS ECHO)). examinedlocation. l@F@ (RET) 1QFQ: A9 R (RET) PRBYTE: location prints (data from “A”, turbed. ) Enter a program into memory and run it in one line. USER TYPES/ 44: A9 b Q b 24 b EF b FF b 38 b 69 b qb4Cb4@b@R(RET) 40: FF (prior conMONITOR TYPES/ tents of 40) FFDC: one byte contents (HEX) of “A” dis- PRI-IEX: location FFES: prints one hex digit (data from four least significant of “A”, contents of “Al’ disturbed.) NOTE: RAM locations @@24 to @02B are used as index pointers by the monitor, and are invalid for user use, when using monitor. Also, locations 02QO tdO27F are used as input buffer storage, and are also invalid for user use when using the monitor. -4. bits 6582 FFQQ FF01 FF02 FF@4 FF@? FF09 FF@C FF0F FFll FF13 FF15 FFI? FF18 FFlA FFlC FFlF FF21 FF24 FF26 FF27 FF29 FFBC FFZE FF31 FF 34 FF37 FF 39 FF3B FF3D FF3F FF4@ FF41 FF43 FF44 FF47 FF49 FF4B FF4D FF4F FF51 FF53 FF55 FF57 FF59 FF5B FFSD FFSF FF62 FF64 FF66 FF68 FF6A FF6C FF6E FF6F FF70 FF71 FF72 FF74 D8 58 A0 ?F 8C 12 D0 A9 A? 8D 11 Dd 8D 13 D0 C9 DF F0 13 C9 9B F0 03 C8 1Q 0F A9 DC 20 EF FF A9 8D 20 EF FF A0 @l 88 34 F6 AD 11 D0 10 FB AD 10 D0 99 @0@2 20 EF FF c9 8D D0 D4 A0 FF A9 d0 AA @A 85 2B C8 B9 00 02 c9 8D F@ D4 C9 AE 90 F4 F0 F0 C9 BA F0 EB C9 D2 F0 3B 86 28 86 29 84 2A B9 00 02 49 B0 C9 0A 90 06 69 88 C9 FA 90 11 @A @A @A @A A2 04 @A RESET NOTCR ESCAPE GETLINE BACKSPACE NEXTCHAR SETSTOR SETMODE BLSKIP NEXT ITEM NEXTHEX DIG HEXSHIFT CLD CL1 LDY STY LDA STA STA CMP BEQ CMP BEQ INY BPL LDA JSR LDA JSR LDY DEY BMI LDA BPL LDA STA JSR CMP BNE LDY LDA TAX ASL STA INY LDA CMP BEQ GMP BCC BEQ CMP BEQ CMP BEQ STX STX STY LDA EOR CMP BCC ADC CMP BCC ASL ASL ASL ASL LDX ASL HEX MONITOR LISTING Clear #$7F DSP #$A? KBD CR DSP CR #$DF BACKSPACE #$9B ESCAPE decimal arithmetic mode. Mask for DSP data direction Set it up. KBD and DSP control register Enable interrupts, set CAI, positive edge sense/output ,,*,I( 7 register. mask. GBl, for mode. Yes. ESC ? Yes. Advance text index. Auto ESC if >12?. I, \ 11, Output it. CR. Output it. Initiallize text index. Backup text index. Beyond start of line, reinitialize. Key ready? Loop until ready. Load character. B? should be ‘1 I. Add to text buffer. Display character. CR? No. Reset text index. For XAM mode. a-ex. Leaves $?B if setting STOR mode. $00 = XAM, $?B = STOR, $AE = BLOK Advance text index. Get character. CR? Yes, done this line. ,I* If 7 NEXTCHAR #$DC ECHO #$8D ECHO #$01 GETLINE KBD CR NEXTCHAR KBD IN, Y ECHO #$SD NOTCR #$FF #$00 MODE IN, Y #$8~ GETLINE #$AE BLSKIP SETMODE #$BA SETSTOR #$D2 RUN L H YSAV IN, Y #$BO #$0A DIG #$88 #$FA NOTHEX Skip delimiter. Set BLOCK XAM If.,, 7 Yes, !lR!l, mode. set STOR mode. Yes, run user program. $Qa+L. and H. Save Y for comparison. Get character for hex test. Map digits to $0 -9. Digit? Yes. t0 SFA-FF. Map letter “A” -uF” Hex letter? No, character not hex. Hex #$04 digit to MSD Shift count. Hex digit left, -50 of A. MSB to carry. XAM. 6502 FF75 FF77 FF79 FF7A FF7C FF7D FF7F FF81 FF83 FF85 FF87 FF89 FF8B FF8D FF8F FF91 FF94 FF97 FF99 FF9B FFSD FF9F FFAl FFA2 FFA4 FFA6 FFA8 FFAB FFAD FFBq FFB2 FFB5 FFB7 FFBA FFBC FFBF FFCl FFC4 FFC7 FFC8 FFCA FFCC FFCE FFD@ FFD2 FFD4 FFD6 FFD8 FFDA FFDC FFDD FFDE FFDF FFEQ FFEl FFE4 FFE5 FFE7 FFE9 26 28 26 29 CA Da F8 C8 Dg Ed C4 2A F@ 97 24 2B 5@ l@ A5 28 81 26 E6 26 Dg B5 E6 27 4C 44 6C 24 34 2B A2 Q2 B5 27 95 25 95 23 CA Dg F7 D@ 14 A9 8D 2@ EF A5 25 2g DC A5 24 2Q DC A9 BA 20 EF A9 A@ 2g EF Al 24 24 DC 86 2B A5 24 ,C5 28 A5 25 E5 29 BQ Cl E6 24 D@ 42 E6 25 A5 24 29 47 10 C8 48 4A 4A 4A 4A 20 E5 68 29 gF a9 BQ C9 BA NOTHEX FF gg TONEXTITEM RUN NOTSTOR SETADR NXTPRNT FF FF FF FF PRDATA FF FF XAMNEXT MOD8CHK PRBYTE FF PRHEX HEX MONITOR ROL ROL DEX BNE INY BNE CPY BEQ BIT BVC LDA STA INC BNE INC JMP JMP BMI LDX LDA STA STA DEX BNE BNE LDA JSR LDA JSR LDA JSR LDA JSR LDA JSR LDA JSR STX LDA CMP LDA SBC BCS INC BNE INC LDA AND BPL PHA LSR LSR LSR LSR JSR PLA AND ORA CMP L H LISTING HEXSHIFT NEXTHEX YSAV ESCAPE MODE NOTSTOR L (STL, X) STL NEXTITEM STH NEXTITEM (XAML) XAMNEXT #$@2 L-l, X STL-1, X XAML-1, X SETADR PRDATA #$8D ECHO XAMH PRBYTE XAML PRBYTE #$BA ECHO #$AQ ECHO (XAML, x) PRBYTE MODE XAML L XAMH H TONEXTITEM XAML MOD8CHK XAMH XAML #$47 NXTPRNT (continued) Rotate into LSD. Rotate into MSD’ s . Done 4 shifts? No, loop. Advence text index. Always taken. Check next character for hex. Check if L, H empty (no hex digits), Yes, generate ESC sequence. Test MODE byte. B6 = 0 for STOR, 1 for XAM and BLOCK XAM LSD’s of hex data. Store at current ‘store index’. Increment store index. Get next item. (no carry). Add carry to ‘store index’ high order. Get next command item. Run at current XAM index. B7 = @ for XAM, 1 for BLOCK XAM. Byte taunt. Copy hex data to ‘store index’. And to ‘XAM index’. Next of 2 bytes. Loop unless X = 0. NE means no address to print. CR. Output it. ‘Examine index’ high-order byte. Output it in hex format. Low-order ‘examine index’ byte. Output it in hex format. 11.11 . . Output it. Blank. Output it. Get data byte at ‘examine index’. Output it in hex format. @+ MODE (XAM mode). Compare ‘examine Not so no more less, Increment ‘examine Check low-order For MOD 8~ 0 Always taken. Save A for LSD. MSD to LSD #$QF #$BU #$BA -6- data to hex data. to output. index’. ‘examine position. Output hex digit. Restore A. Mask LSD for hex Add “g” . Digit? PRHEX index’ print. index’ byte 650.2 HEX FFEB FFED FFEF FFF2 FFF4 FFF7 FFF8 FFFA FFFC FFFE 9Q 69 2C 3@ 8D Q2 Q6 12Dd FB 12 Dq MONITOR LISTING BCC ECHO ADC #$a6 BIT DSP BMI ECHO STA DSP RTS ECHO (continued) Yes, output it. Add offset for letter. DA bit (B7) cleared yet? No, wait for display. Output character. Sets DA. Return. is a9 1 unused) ‘iW gF (NW 00 FF (RESET) QQ 00 (IRQ) HARDWARE Page NOTES Other Q Variables XAML XAMH STL STH L H YSAV MODE 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 2B IN KBD KBD DSP DSP KBD/DSP CPA~ *PA1 bPA2 +PA5 D@-D~ <-/DATA RSqa RSI 4 cs2 M Variables 2@@-27F DQlQ Dal1 DO12 Dal 3 CR CR PIA Interface BUS AQ Al A4 + Decode . A15, A14, A13, Al2 to $DXXX 42 PA7 KBD STROBE . CA1 Vc R/F +5 6 R/iii t PB74 Lm t CB2 l RES One Shot (3.5usec) J-L CBl* eDA I (from (UART style) (to display) Reset ASCII -7- to display (UART style) display) . HOW TO SECTION EXPAND THE The Apple system can be expanded to ina elude more memory and IO devices, via a 44-pin edge connector. The system is fully expandable to 65K, with the entire data and address busses, clocks, control signals (i. e. IRQ, NMI, DMA, RDY, etc.), and power sources available at the connector. All address lines are TTL buffered, and data lines can drive ten equivalent capacitive loads (one TTL load and 130pf) without external buffers. All clock signals are TTL. The Apple system runs at approximately 1 MHz ( see spec sheet) and is fully compatible with 6800/6500 style timing. III APPLE SYSTEM DMA: The Apple system has full DMA capability. For DMA, the DMA control line tri-states the address buss, thus allowing external devices to control the buss. Consult MOS TECHNOLOGY 6502 Hardware Manual for details. (ForDMAuse, the solder jumper on the board, marked “DMA”, must be broken.) For the 6502 microprocessor, the RDY is used to halt the processor for single stepping, ‘or slow ROM applications. Refer to Apple “Tech Notes” for examples. line Three power sources are available at the edge connector: +5 volts regulated, and raw DC (approximately t/14V) for the t12V, -12V, and -5V supplies. If +12V, -12V, or -5V supplies are required, EXTERNAL REGULATORS MUST BE USED. An excess of 1.5 amps from the “onboard” regulated +5V supply is available for expansion (assuming suitable transformer ratings are employed). Exercise great care in the handling as no short-circuit protection is of the raw DC, provided. SOFTWARE CONSIDERATIONS: The sequences listed below are the routines used to read the keyboard or output to the display, REFRESH: Four out of every 65 clock cycles is dedicated to memory refresh. At the start of a refresh cycle (150 ns after leading edge of Ql), RF and remains low for one clock cycle. goes low, Q2 is inhibited during a refresh cycle, and the processor is held in Ql (it’s inactive state). Dynamic memories, which must clock during refresh cycles, should derive their clock from 00, which is equivalent to Q2, except that it continues during a refresh cycle. Devices, such as PIA’s, will not be affected by a refresh cycle, since they react to 42 only. Refer to Apple “Tech Notes” for a variety of interfacing examples. Read Key from KBD: LDA KBD CR (D@ll) f BPL LDA KBD DATA (Del@) Output to Display: BIT DSP (Dq12) f BPL STA DSP (Da12) PIA Internal KBD KBD -8- Registers: Data High order Ddl@ bit equals 1. Control Reg. DQll High order bit indicates “key Reading key clears flag. edge of KBD sets flag. ready”. Rising DSP DATA Dg12 Lower seven bits are data output, high order bit is ‘I display ready” input (1 equals ready, q equals busy) DSP Control Reg. Da13 SPECIFICATIONS MOS MICROPROCESSOR: Microprocessor Clock Frequency: Effective Cycle Frequency: (Including Refresh Waits) VIDEO Rate: Frame Rate: Display Matrix: MHz 15734 Hz 60.05 Hz On-board 16-pin, RAM Capacity: SUPPLIES: Power Recommended shift video, between 75 ohms, zero and t5Vpp. 24 lines; SC rolling registers (1K x 7) 5x7 MEMORY: Input 0.960 Dynamic Memory: Character POWER MHz 40 characters/line, with automatic Format: RAM 1.023 6502 Composite positive level adjustable OUTPUT: Line TECHNOLOGY Requirements: Transformers: 4096 (2104) t/- 12 Volts t-5 Volts @ 3 amps, and -5 Volts @ 0.5 amps GO.5 8K bytes 4K Dynamic, (4K type supplied) 8 to 10 Volts AC (RMS) @ 3 amps, 26 to 28 Volts AC (RMS) Center-Tapped, Stancor Stancor APPLE COMPUTER COMPANY 770 Welch Road, Suite 154 Palo Alto, California 94304 Phone: (415) 326-4248 # P-8380 # P-8667 or Triad or Triad F31-X F40-X amps, 1A. -The Apple Computer Company hereby warrants each of its products, and all components therein contained, to be free from defects in materials and/or workmanship for a period of thirty(30) days from date of purchase. In the event of the occuror other indication of failure attributable rence of malfunction, directly to faulty workmanship and/or material, then, upon return of the product to the Apple Computer Company, at 770 Welch Road, Palo Alto, California, 94304 (postage prepaid), the Apple Computer Company will, at its option, repair or replace said products or components thereof, to what ever extent Apple Computer Company shall deem necessary, to restore said product to proper operating condition. All such repairs or replacements shall be rendered by the Apple Computer Company, without charge to the customer. The responsibility for the failure of any Apple Computer product, or component thereof, which, at the discretion of the Apple Computer Company, shall have resulted either directly or indirectly from accident, abuse, or misapplication of the product, shall be assumed bythe customer, and the Apple Computer Company shall assume no liability as a consequence of such events under the terms of this warranty. While every effort, on the part of Apple Computer Company, is made to provide clear and accurate technical instruction implementation, and application of its products, the on the use, Apple Computer Company shall assume noliability in events which may arise from the application of such technical instruction, nor shall the Apple Computer Company be held liable for the quality, interconnection, or application of periferal products, which may have been recommended by Apple Computer Company, but which have not been supplied as part of the product. This warranty contains and embodies the limits of responsibility of the Apple Computer Company, with regard to its products, and no other liability is expressed, implied, or should be assumed by the purchaser, and in no event shall the Apple Computer Company be held liable for the loss of time, effort, or transportation costs, nor for loss of potential profits or other consequential losses which might arise from the purchase, assembly, use, application, or subsequent sale of the products of Apple Computer Company, nor from any instructions and/or technical information thereto related. D C 72 STANCOR P-8667 (or rpuiv) NOTE - I41 3 AUP MMlM”Y CURacNT 17. cWIVALcNT TMN.woRYrX BE 25 VOLT SCccnMRI. TAPPED. WIT” I AMP -“Y J3 ia 02 SA VWA n mv 07 OD At5 05 s2 ol uii? II 00 AM Au AU AS/5 NW4 AU5 AT/If AU2 AW A5 A. s iiE3 B fiiz s4 01 00 w - A 15. 5 AS A2 Al A0 mm 5m 7 *II” l sv 42” RATUG SHALL CCNTCRRATlNC. CASE OF RcGul.ATcaR. l.M,*,. AND HEAT SINE TAB5 or RcuAlwmti TNRCC SECULATORS ARC ALL dT *IPrcncM ELLCTRICAL POTEt4TUL.S. CAUTION SNOULD cc cxcnaDcD TO INmIRE AGAIWST DIucc7 cLccINc*L CCWTACT DCTWCCW llD5c PorNIs. Txc, YWT NOT DC DHORTCD TCGCTHED. Non TO TNC NEATSINE OF TNE IA,*,. J2 RESET ” 55 52 DI CLLA” 5CRELY l 5 Ds D7 +5v -+-ma -CLEAR 5CI22N (54-12) - UImv -I&.0 r WAYNE ’ -“E5CT ‘D4-” uu--ml--.IIU izxLfu 4-L APPLE COMPUTER COMPANY -o* . . ..a \/:::m-:.% -SCHEYATIC s-m-. f,, 3-10-q .- .-_ DIASRAM APPLE-1 POWER 1 SUPPLY If more than one use open-collector cs (Slow ROM address decoded) source gate for RDY 7441 (not ‘QQ) for single ’ INSTR mode SLOW ROM (NOTE: /SINGLE INSTRUCTION 0 SINGLECYCLE Features not needed may be omitted) SINGLE STEP FOR 6502 ADDRESS DISPLAY 74174 D@ Dl D2 D3 D4 D5 QQ Ql Q2 43 Q4 Q5 ~ -12- 1nrr 1WU 100 100 100 100 I - 2:vss ssVI*so A7 Nos TCcnNolDQY C 6502 - NOTE 7 MICROPROCESSOR iii m n ---- ----- ; :n I&--..-----, o I 9 l sv I i ‘Cl I i 6, 04 6 1 2 104 S I 4 ti ‘r E&l PIA - 1 7 7. UNIT. As SuPPma DlCLUDES A (5002 MICW PROCWS. Am soI.wn JUYPRS AT Bonl NUYB )UBXZD “b502”. W “A‘ OMITTED ALL coMnwENTS SNOW4 wInuN1s DOTTED BOX. IF A b,” IS SUBSTITIITED KI TlS bWL Xl’ lS NWXSMRY YO ~~TALL ALL coams ENTssNom. ANDTO BIUXX Bon4 SOLWE BRIDXS NOYED “b%P.-- 9. i ..; ‘. I XYBDLDSPABB. RIJPT OUTPUTS ?Y)M Pm. -’ POINTS LABELED “ISO% “NMI” ARE RrrlILUIPI INPUTS TROY l‘lCBOPRoccssolL IO~IIDG ;+ UAL OPCMTYIW I(0 J”MPEns Asx wnrag ICLb-4 I h.II m-._ E F G T CL2 ” a3 CP (DOT RATE) Pr +sv -12v P IF& l!fJ#f I = 1 = KHAR RATE) 1 1 e CP 1 - v3 v4 DIS 74161 LAST Ii VINH A t 00 = “-s a3 a2 II I2 I. i Of 13 If!5 v4 :. Pm I I ALL OUTPUTS OF C3, 2519 (PINS 7 THRV 12). ARE PROVIDED WITH “PULL-DOWN” MSISTO”S, 7306 OHMS EACH. TO -12V. 205 2 06 14I- 2 vcc 5 R5 3000 LAST H r Dl4* 6 - ? Dl4, 2504 ? c4 2504 S_ 5 APPLE COMPUTER I -CmnX COMPANY APPLE - 1 TERMINAL SECTION
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File Type : PDF File Type Extension : pdf MIME Type : application/pdf PDF Version : 1.3 Linearized : No Modify Date : 1999:11:21 15:08:56+01:00 Create Date : 1999:11:19 15:00:06+01:00 Creator : Acrobat 4.0 Capture Plug-in for Windows Producer : Acrobat 4.0 Scan Plug-in for Windows Title : Apple I - Operation Manual Author : ST Page Count : 17 Page Mode : UseOutlinesEXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools