The Biblatex Package Manual

biblatex_manual

biblatex_manual

User Manual:

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The Biblatex Package
Programmable Bibliographies and Citations
Philipp Lehman
(with Philip Kime, Audrey
Boruvka and Joseph Wright)
Version 2.9a
24/06/2014
Contents
List of Tables 1
1 Introduction 2
   
   
   
    
   
2 Database Guide 6
    
         
         
       
3 User Guide 44
       
    
       
    
       
   
     
   
   
       
         
       
4 Author Guide 121
   
     
        
        
       
    
        
     
    
   
       
Appendix 244
A Default Driver Source Map-
pings 244
 bibtex  
 endnotexml      
 ris  
 zoterordfxml    
B Default Inheritance Setup 251
C Default Sorting Schemes 253
         
         
       
D Option Scope 254
E Revision History 256
List of Tables
 
  
      
        
  bibtex8     
    
mcite     
mcite        
   
   \nosort   
 \mkcomprange     
1 Introduction
            
           
 
     
1.1 About Biblatex
           
           
             
            
               
            
          
            
           
             
       
          
          
            
           
        
            
          
babel
             

1.2 License
         
           
          
1.3 Feedback
             

          
                 
             
 comp.text.tex     
1.4 Acknowledgments
            
        
         
        
\biblatexctan/doc/examples
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/base/lppl.txt
http://github.com/plk/biblatex
http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/biblatex
         
        
       
        
          
     
1.5 Prerequisites
             
 
1.5.1 Requirements
             
        

   

    

            
         

  
               
       
elatex
 
latex

pdfelatex   pdflatex 

             
           
 
             
          
btparse
            
             
       Text::BibTeX 

              
      
bibtex8
    
     bibtex8      

         
        

            
      oberdiek    

           
           

           
keyval

ifthen
   
url
     
        
http://biblatex-biber.sourceforge.net/
http://search.cpan.org/~ambs/Text-BibTeX
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/8-bit/
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/etoolbox/
http://www.ctan.org/pkg/kvoptions
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/logreq/
1.5.2 Recommended Packages
             
         
     
  babel  polyglossia       
            
           
  babel  polyglossia 

            
            
            
csquotes   


xpatch
     
etoolbox
 
     
1.5.3 Compatible Classes and Packages
          
    


hyperref
      
hyperref

backref
          
hyperref         


showkeys
          
             

  
memoir
       
               
 

    
scrartcl
scrbook
 
scrreprt
  
            
        
1.5.4 Incompatible Packages
             
           
            
            
   

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babelbib
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       
langid
    
autolang
        
    
babel
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polyglossia
    
             
             
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/csquotes/
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/xpatch/
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              
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    
type
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nottype
      
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section
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       
refsegment
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segment            
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cite
         
             
        
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          
               
             
         
            


     
mcite
  
     mcite


multibib
        
   bibtopic


natbib
       
       
cite
   
        
numeric

author-year
        
sortcites
              
         
Biber version Biblatex version
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 1: Biber/Biblatex compatibility matrix


splitbib
       
 bibtopic


titlesec
       
\chapter

\section
       
    
refsection

refsegment
 
   


ucs
   

   
inputenc


utf8
           
1.5.5 Compatibility Matrix for Biber
            
             
          
       
2 Database Guide
             
             
        
bib
      
               
               
bst
           
        
bst
    
      
         
blx-dm.def

   
biblatex
        
               
             
            
             
--validate_datamodel
        
     blx-dm.def      
2.1 Entry Types
             
         
2.1.1 Regular Types
             
              
            
               
              
              
          
              
     
gender
      
      
--validate_datamodel

  
abstract

annotation

label

shorthand

              
              
              
blx-dm.def        

            
              
journaltitle
              
     
issuetitle
  
editor
 
     
translator
      
  authortitlejournaltitleyear/date
  translatorannotatorcommentatorsubtitle
titleaddoneditoreditoraeditorbeditorcjournalsubtitle
issuetitleissuesubtitlelanguageoriglanguageseries
volumenumbereidissuemonthpagesversionnoteissn
addendumpubstatedoieprinteprintclasseprinttypeurl
urldate

             
             
@inbook

       
  authortitleyear/date
  editoreditoraeditorbeditorctranslator
annotatorcommentatorintroductionforewordafterword
subtitle
titleaddon
maintitle
mainsubtitle
maintitleaddon
languageoriglanguagevolumeparteditionvolumesseries
numbernotepublisherlocationisbnchapterpages
pagetotaladdendumpubstatedoieprinteprintclass
eprinttypeurlurldate

 
@book
      
    
@book
        
   @mvbook
  authortitleyear/date
  editoreditoraeditorbeditorctranslator
annotatorcommentatorintroductionforewordafterword
subtitletitleaddonlanguageoriglanguageeditionvolumes
seriesnumbernotepublisherlocationisbnpagetotal
addendumpubstatedoieprinteprintclasseprinttypeurl
urldate

                
            
  authortitlebooktitleyear/date
  bookauthoreditoreditoraeditorbeditorc
translatorannotatorcommentatorintroductionforeword
afterwordsubtitletitleaddonmaintitlemainsubtitle
maintitleaddonbooksubtitlebooktitleaddonlanguage
origlanguagevolumeparteditionvolumesseriesnumber
notepublisherlocationisbnchapterpagesaddendum
pubstatedoieprinteprintclasseprinttypeurlurldate

    
@inbook
       
            
 

   
@book
      
@inbook
  
@inbook
           
                 
         
              
   
@inbook
      
      @inbook

            
howpublished
         
 type     
  author/editortitleyear/date
  subtitletitleaddonlanguagehowpublished
typenotelocationchapterpagespagetotaladdendum
pubstatedoieprinteprintclasseprinttypeurlurldate

        
                
    
  editortitleyear/date
  editoraeditorbeditorctranslatorannotator
commentatorintroductionforewordafterwordsubtitle
titleaddon
maintitle
mainsubtitle
maintitleaddon
language
origlanguagevolumeparteditionvolumesseriesnumber
notepublisherlocationisbnchapterpagespagetotal
addendumpubstatedoieprinteprintclasseprinttypeurl
urldate

 
@collection
    
       
@collection
   
        @mvcollection
  editortitleyear/date
  editoraeditorbeditorctranslatorannotator
commentatorintroductionforewordafterwordsubtitle
titleaddonlanguageoriglanguageeditionvolumesseries
numbernotepublisherlocationisbnpagetotaladdendum
pubstatedoieprinteprintclasseprinttypeurlurldate

             
  
author
  
title
 
editor
 
booktitle
 
    
  authortitlebooktitleyear/date
  editoreditoraeditorbeditorctranslator
annotatorcommentatorintroductionforewordafterword
subtitle
titleaddon
maintitle
mainsubtitle
maintitleaddon
booksubtitlebooktitleaddonlanguageoriglanguagevolume
parteditionvolumesseriesnumbernotepublisher
locationisbnchapterpagesaddendumpubstatedoieprint
eprintclasseprinttypeurlurldate

   
@collection
    
@suppbook

  
@collection
        
     @incollection

         
author

editor       
  author/editortitleyear/date
  subtitletitleaddonlanguageeditiontype
seriesnumberversionnoteorganizationpublisher
locationisbnchapterpagespagetotaladdendumpubstate
doieprinteprintclasseprinttypeurlurldate

               
howpublished
         

type
    
author
editor
 
year
  
   
  author/editortitleyear/date
  subtitletitleaddonlanguagehowpublished
typeversionnoteorganizationlocationdatemonthyear
addendumpubstatedoieprinteprintclasseprinttypeurl
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
  
author
editor
 
year
      
             
        
url
   
             
@article
   url 
  author/editortitleyear/dateurl
  subtitletitleaddonlanguageversionnote
organizationdatemonthyearaddendumpubstateurldate

             
number
  
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      
location
   
           
type
  
location                
  authortitlenumberyear/date
  holdersubtitletitleaddontypeversion
location
note
date
month
year
addendum
pubstate
doi
eprint
eprintclasseprinttypeurlurldate

                
     
title
          
         
issuetitle
 
editor

     
  editortitleyear/date
  editoraeditorbeditorcsubtitleissuetitle
issuesubtitlelanguageseriesvolumenumberissuedate
monthyearnoteissnaddendumpubstatedoieprint
eprintclasseprinttypeurlurldate

   
@periodical
    
@suppbook
   
@periodical
         
        
@article
    
@inperiodical
           
             
             
               
@article

         
@collection
   
organization
     
 editor       
  titleyear/date

  editorsubtitletitleaddonmaintitle
mainsubtitlemaintitleaddoneventtitleeventtitleaddon
eventdatevenuelanguagevolumepartvolumesseries
numbernoteorganizationpublisherlocationmonthisbn
chapterpagespagetotaladdendumpubstatedoieprint
eprintclasseprinttypeurlurldate

 
@proceedings
    
       
@proceedings
  
         @mvproceedings
  titleyear/date
  editorsubtitletitleaddoneventtitle
eventtitleaddoneventdatevenuelanguagevolumesseries
numbernoteorganizationpublisherlocationmonthisbn
pagetotaladdendumpubstatedoieprinteprintclass
eprinttypeurlurldate

          
@incollection
 
   organization 
  authortitlebooktitleyear/date
  editorsubtitletitleaddonmaintitle
mainsubtitlemaintitleaddonbooksubtitlebooktitleaddon
eventtitleeventtitleaddoneventdatevenuelanguage
volumepartvolumesseriesnumbernoteorganization
publisherlocationmonthisbnchapterpagesaddendum
pubstatedoieprinteprintclasseprinttypeurlurldate

              
     
@collection
    
         @collection

 
@reference
        
   
@mvcollection
    
        @reference    
        @mvreference

               
@incollection
           
  @incollection

             
   
type
        
    institution 
  authortitletypeinstitutionyear/date
  subtitletitleaddonlanguagenumberversion
notelocationmonthisrnchapterpagespagetotaladdendum
pubstatedoieprinteprintclasseprinttypeurlurldate
             

             
  type       

  authortitletypeinstitutionyear/date
  subtitletitleaddonlanguagenotelocation
monthisbnchapterpagespagetotaladdendumpubstatedoi
eprinteprintclasseprinttypeurlurldate

               
          
howpublished

note

       
  authortitleyear/date
  subtitletitleaddonlanguagehowpublished
notelocationisbndatemonthyearaddendumpubstateurl
urldate

    
@xdata
        
 
  
xdata
         
              
            
2.1.2 Type Aliases
            
             
             
          @misc
      @inproceedings
    @online

 
@thesis
  
type
      
         type    

 
@thesis
  
type
      
         type    

 
@report
  
type
      
         type    
    @online   jurabib 
2.1.3 Unsupported Types
           @custom[a–f]   
           
       @misc 
           

    


      
 @music


           
bib
     
    
notes2bib
     
      
note
    
@bibnote
     
\defbibnote
   
\defbibnote
             

@bibnote
         


            

      
       
       
     
        
     @video
          @audio

            
                

            
@article

            @article
  

            
   

   


     
@movie
2.2 Entry Fields
             
               
          
2.2.1 Data Types
    
bib
         
   
author

editor
        
           
and
  
            
            
               
          
               
             
           

Name lists
          
and

             
               
           
bib

   
and others
     
author
 editor
Literal lists
          
and

          
bib
 
  and others    
Literal lists
          
            
publisher  location
Key lists
            
             
           
              
              language
Fields          
Literal fields
         
title
 note
Range fields
          
    
\bibrangedash
   
          
 
5–7
        
            
pages
   
\bibrangessep
     
 
        
             
            
   \DeclareSourcemap   
Integer fields
        
          
extrayear

Datepart fields
        
           
month

Date fields
    
yyyy-mm-dd
    

yyyy-mm-dd/yyyy-mm-dd
      
              
     date 
Verbatim fields
        
       file  doi
URI fields
         
            
        url
Separated value fields
        
keywords

options
       

             
     
xsvsep
   
       
Paern fields
         
   gender    
Key fields
          
            
             
             
   type 
Code fields   
2.2.2 Data Fields
              
                
                
           
              
 
            
          
  
        
bib
      
          
  
              
  note             
  
               
 
editor

translator
      
       
introduction

foreword
  
           
              
 
annotator
 
annotator
      
    
  
             
editor

translator
        
     commentator
  
    title

  
               
       
  
    booktitle
  
                 
   
bookpagination
 
pagination

booktitle

title
          
pages

pagetotal
          
 
page
column
line
verse
section
 
paragraph
 
pagination     
  
    
booktitle
 
subtitle
    
                
    subtitle
  
 
title
             
             title
  
    booktitle       
  
          
  
              
            
           
author
       
editor

translator
 
          
 annotator
  
     month  year     
  
      
    
               
edition={First}

edition={1st}

edition={1}
 
              
           

  
   
title
booktitle
 
maintitle
    
  
editortype
          
editor
     
  
           
   editoratype           
  
        
editorbtype

         
  
        
editorctype

         
  
       
editor
    
editor
compiler
founder
continuator
redactor
reviser
col-
laborator
  
editor
          
     
  
 
editortype
   
editora
     

  
 
editortype
   
editorb
     

  
 
editortype
   
editorc
     

  
     @article
  
                
              
    
  
            

             
   eprinttype  eprintclass

  
        
eprinttype

               
          eprint  eprinttype
  
   eprint           
 
eprint
         
eprint

eprintclass
  
           
@proceedings

@inproceedings
          
      eventtitle  venue     
  
           
@proceedings

@inproceedings
           
                
        
titleaddon

booktitleaddon
    eventdate  venue
  
   
eventtitle
        

  
    

           
 
 
                 
editor

translator
      
       introduction  afterword
  
   
@patent
   
author
  
                
            
  
              

  
         
title
     
                
           
    
title
 
indextitle
     

  
             
     
school
      
      
  
              
  
editor

translator
     
       
foreword

afterword
  
          
    
  
       
  
           
      
  
         
  
       
  
             
             
      
issue
  
month

number
 
             
month
number   
  
           
  
           
  
             
 
  
          

  
          
  
                
             
             
        
label
       
  shorthandlabel         shorthand
  
            
        
lang
   
origlanguage   langid   
  
               
              
   
  
         
publisher

institution
          
address
            
@patent

                
    
  
     maintitle   subtitle
  
         Collected Works  
title

booktitle
            
           
  
    maintitle       
  
              

month={January}

month={1}
     
         
date
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   
  
             
               
                


  
           
note
              
           
note
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  addendum
  
            
series
 
issue
       
@patent
     
       
  
    
@manual
 
@online
  
      
  
              
            date
  
             
language
  
           
location
 
          
location
  
  
            publisher  
          
publisher
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  
      
title
        
    title
  
                
                
                 
         
  
       
  
              
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            
   
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graph   bookpagination       
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  
               
               
         
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       part    volume
  
        
  
               
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  
               
  
                
             
        
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   
@article
 
   
series
            
 
    
              
          
    
              
          
    
               
        label
  
             
            
shorthandintro
          
     
    
       
journaltitle
    
 
    
       
series
     
 

    
              
            
      title
  
    
  
    
  
    title       
  
   
title

booktitle
      
     
editor
     
     
  
   
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patent
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 
thesis
     
       
  


             
              
 
  
         url     
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           
@proceedings

@inproceedings
          
      
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      
   
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  
       venue    eventdate  eventtitle
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          
  
           part
  
             
    title  maintitle
  
      date   

2.2.3 Special Fields
               
          
   
            
crossref
         
crossref
              
            
          
mincrossrefs
             
crossref
            
            
crossref
               
      
crossref
    
             
           
xref
  
     
   
                
         .bbl
  
               
            
      
\AtEveryBibitem
\AtEveryLositem

\AtEveryCitekey
          
  
bib
         
  
      sfsmsnpfpmpnpp
                
   
sf
     
sm
     
sn
     
pf
      
pm
     

pn
      
pp
     
           
            
                 
             
              

  
        
hyphenation
 
           

babel
polyglossia
       
           

Language Region/Dialect Identifiers
     catalan
      croatian
   czech
  danish
  dutch
  american
USenglish
english
  britishUKenglish
 canadian
 australian
  newzealand
  finnish
   french
  german
 austrian
   ngerman
 naustrian
  greek
  italian
  norwegian
norsk
nynorsk
  polish
  brazil
 portugueseportuges
  russian
  slovene
  spanish
  swedish
Table 2: Supported Languages

           
    
babel
  
english
   
british

american
   
babel
   
      
american
      

american

british
babel
      
    
polyglossia
  
langidopts
  
    language   
  

polyglossia
       
      
polyglossia
    
    autolang=langname    
langid = {english},
langidopts = {variant=british},
     
\english[variant=british]
...
\endenglish
       
                
               
              
              
      .bbl
  
         
indextitle
    
          
indextitle
 
title
             
          
title = {The \LaTeX\ Companion},
indextitle = {\LaTeX\ Companion, The},
indexsorttitle = {LATEX Companion},
           

indextitle
 
title
 
indexsorttitle
    

   
           
               
       

   hkeyi=hvaluei
      
hkeyi=hvaluei
     
              
      
  
              
            
              
           
             
      .bbl
     
             
    relatedtype         
     
                
     
dataonly
       
  
    
             
related
          
             
             
 
    
         
relatedtype
 
      
  
               
             
    
presort
        
             
.bbl
  
                
      
author

editor
   
              
       .bbl
    
 
sortkey
           
  
shorthand
          

shorthand
       
\emph

\textbf
            
 .bbl
  
               
   
title
     
sorttitle
               
               
    sorttitle         
             
.bbl
  
               
   
year
         
             
   .bbl
       
       
@xdata
  
xdata
   
crossref

xref
crossref
   
    
xref
    
  
xdata
      
  
xdata
              
             
   .bbl
   
         
crossref
                
xref
             
            
            mincrossrefs
             
xref
             
           
xref
 
        
xref
    
             
           
crossref
 
      
2.2.4 Custom Fields
             
      
  
           


  
 
authortype

editortype
    
name[a–c]
      
  
           

  
           

  
              
   
2.2.5 Field Aliases
            
           
      
bib
    
                
bib
                

  
  
location
       
    
address
       
          
location
 
   
  
   annotation   jurabib    
  
  
eprinttype
         
  
   journaltitle       
  
   sortkey       
  
   file       
  
  
eprintclass
        


  
  
institution
     
institution
          
school

          
   institution        
2.3 Usage Notes
              
            
              
            
 
bib
          
           
          
bib
             
          
   @inbook       
 
institution
organization
 
publisher
   
 address  school     
           
  series       
  year  month     
  edition     
  key     
  
jurabib
    
shortauthor
 
           
2.3.1 The Entry Type @inbook
 
@inbook
            
   
@book
 
@incollection
 
@collection
 
                 

book
   
chapter

pages
   
            
     
2.3.2 Missing and Omissible Data
               
              
title
           
             
           
         
  authoreditor   year 
    
label
        
    
label
       

          
label
 
    
author
editor
 
year
    
                
            
title
                
  
label
          
  
labelalpha
     
    
      
key
     
  
author

editor
     
key

  
sortkey
         
       
natbib
  
key
  
      label  
2.3.3 Corporate Authors and Editors
       
author

editor
 
               
             
  
shortauthor
        
         
author = {{National Aeronautics and Space Administration}},
shortauthor = {NASA},
               
           
editor

shorteditor
           
             
      
editor = {{National Aeronautics and Space Administration}
and Doe, John},
shorteditor = {NASA and Doe, John},
   
jurabib
      
shortauthor       
2.3.4 Literal Lists
 
institution
organization
publisher
 
location
 
          
origlocation
origpublisher
    
address

school
       
      
and
     
and
   
  
publisher = {William Reid {and} Company},
institution = {Office of Information Management {and} Communications},
organization = {American Society for Photogrammetry {and} Remote Sensing
and
American Congress on Surveying {and} Mapping},
      
{and}
     
and
  
          

publisher = {{William Reid and Company}},
institution = {{Office of Information Management and Communications}},
organization = {{American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing}
and
{American Congress on Surveying and Mapping}},
              
               
            
  
2.3.5 Titles
           
           
@MvBook{works,
author = {Shakespeare, William},
title = {Collected Works},
volumes = {5},
...
             
      Collected Works   
       
@Book{works:4,
author = {Shakespeare, William},
maintitle = {Collected Works},
title = {Sonnets},
volume = {4},
...
               
title

    
@Book{works:4,
author = {Shakespeare, William},
title = {Collected Works},
volume = {4},
...
                  
               
       
@InBook{lear,
author = {Shakespeare, William},
bookauthor = {Shakespeare, William},
maintitle = {Collected Works},
booktitle = {Tragedies},
title = {King Lear},
volume = {1},
pages = {53-159},
...

      Collected Works       
             
  Collected Works     
@InBook{stage,
author = {Expert, Edward},
title = {Shakespeare and the Elizabethan Stage},
bookauthor = {Shakespeare, William},
editor = {Bookmaker, Bernard},
maintitle = {Collected Works},
booktitle = {Tragedies},
volume = {1},
pages = {7-49},
...
     
2.3.6 Editorial Roles
            
editor
  
editor
editora
editorb
editorc
      
editor...type
         
editor        editortype   
              
   editor           

             
       

          
founder
  
      editor
         
         
         
               
 editortype 
@Collection{...,
editor = {Editor, Edward},
editortype = {compiler},
...
           
@Book{...,
author = {...},
editor = {Editor, Edward},
editora = {Redactor, Randolph},
editoratype = {redactor},
editorb = {Consultant, Conrad},
editorbtype = {collaborator},
...

         
             

@Book{...,
author = {...},
editor = {Editor, Edward},
editora = {Founder, Frederic},
editoratype = {founder},
...
   
editor
        
             
       
editor
    
     editor... 
@Collection{...,
editor = {Founder, Frederic},
editortype = {founder},
editora = {Editor, Edward},
...
             
      
editor...type
    
  
2.3.7 Publication and Journal Series

series
            
             
              
             
maintitle
     
series
 
              
number

  
@Book{...,
author = {Expert, Edward},
title = {Shakespeare and the Elizabethan Age},
series = {Studies in English Literature and Drama},
number = {57},
...

@article
     
series
      
                
                 
               
              
 
@Article{...,
journal = {Journal Name},
series = {3},

Date Specification Formaed Date (Examples)
Short Format Long Format
1850  
1997/  
1967-02   
2009-01-31    
1988/1992  
2002-01/2002-02    
1995-03-30/1995-04-05      
Table 3: Date Specifications
volume = {15},
number = {7},
year = {1995},
...
      Journal Name      
             
     
series
       
             
  newseries
@Article{...,
journal = {Journal Name},
series = {newseries},
volume = {9},
year = {1998},
...
      Journal Name          
     
2.3.8 Date Specifications
  
date
origdate
eventdate
 
urldate
  
 
yyyy-mm-dd
     
yyyy-mm-dd/
yyyy-mm-dd
         
               
       
yyyy/
      
          
             

date
         
year

month
          
  
date

origdate
    
bib
   
       
bib
    
             
           
2.3.9 Months and Journal Issues

month
           
         

       
month

jan
feb
mar
apr
may
jun
jul
aug
sep
oct
nov
dec
    
             
 
month={jan}

month=”jan”

month=jan
   
     
month={8/9}
 
date
   
           
       
issue
    
issue
  @article        month 
2.3.10 Pagination
         
pages
     

hpostnotei
           
              
             
             
pagination

bookpagination
         

@InBook{key,
title = {...},
pagination = {verse},
booktitle = {...},
bookpagination = {page},
pages = {53--65},
...

bookpagination
     
pages

pagetotal
      
page
       
              
             
          
pagination

     
hpostnotei
    
   
\cite[17]{key}
        
 
pagination
 
section
       
  
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pagination
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bookpagination
      
                
       
bib
      

page
column
line
verse
section
 
paragraph
 

page
     
none
      
 
pagination
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bookpagination
      
           
             
\NewBibliographyString

\DefineBibliographyStrings
  
            
          
pagination
              
s         

2.4 Hints and Caveats
           
      
2.4.1 Cross-referencing
2.4.1.1 The crossref field (BibTeX)

crossref
          
         
      
crossref
   
           
@Book{book,
author = {Author},
bookauthor = {Author},
title = {Booktitle},
booktitle = {Booktitle},
subtitle = {Booksubtitle},
booksubtitle = {Booksubtitle},
publisher = {Publisher},
location = {Location},
date = {1995},
}
@InBook{inbook,
crossref = {book},
title = {Title},
subtitle = {},
pages = {5--25},
}
       
title
     
booktitle
               
    
booktitle
         
         
subtitle
       
subtitle
     
subtitle
    
booksubtitle
        

subtitle
           
                
 
booksubtitle
       
crossref
          
2.4.1.2 The crossref field (Biber)
     
crossref
     
         
             
             
@Book{book,
author = {Author},
title = {Booktitle},
subtitle = {Booksubtitle},

publisher = {Publisher},
location = {Location},
date = {1995},
}
@InBook{inbook,
crossref = {book},
title = {Title},
pages = {5--25},
}

title
        
booktitle
   

subtitle
 
booksubtitle
 
author
   

bookauthor
          
author
      
author
      
     
author = {Author},
bookauthor = {Author},
title = {Title},
booktitle = {Booktitle},
booksubtitle = {Booksubtitle},
publisher = {Publisher},
location = {Location},
date = {1995},
pages = {5--25},
                 
          
   
2.4.1.3 The xref field
   
crossref
     
   
xref
          
           
       
xref
  
crossref
  
                
            
     
mincrossrefs
    
 xref          
2.4.2 Capacity Issues
2.4.2.1 BibTeX
           
           
  
bib
          
               
       
bst
      
    
biblatex.bst
       
            
             
       

Parameter Switch Capacity
Default –big –huge –wolfgang
max_cites –mcites    
max_ent_ints –mentints    
max_ent_strs –mentstrs    
max_fields –mfields    
max_strings –mstrings    
pool_size –mpool    
wiz_fn_space –mwizfuns    
hash_prime    
hash_size    
Table 4: Capacity and Switches of bibtex8
Warning--I’m ignoring Jones1995’s extra ”year” field
--line 422 of file huge.bib
Warning--I’m ignoring Jones1995’s extra ”volume” field
--line 423 of file huge.bib
        
Jones1995
 
   
year
 
volume
       

bib
             
               
             
    bibtex8    
2.4.2.2 bibtex8
bibtex8
               
     
bibtex8
   
            
         
17289 fields:
Sorry---you’ve exceeded BibTeX’s total number of fields 17250
         
bibtex8

           
            
 
--huge
           
--mfields
            

bibtex8
 
--wolfgang
     
              
                 
      bib     
bibtex8 --wolfgang --mcites 30000 --mentints 30000 --mentstrs 40000
--mfields 250000 --mstrings 35000 --mpool 750000 --csfile csfile.csf
auxfile
               
     
hash_prime

hash_size
 
              
  
--wolfgang
       

              
  
max_strings
    
hash_size
 
         
bibtex8
    
  
wiz_fn_space
     
bib
   
   
bst

biblatex.bst
     
       --wolfgang   
2.4.2.3 Biber
      
2.4.3 Sorting and Encoding Issues
2.4.3.1 BibTeX
          
            
               
\”a
 
              
               
        
author = {S{\’a}nchez, Jos{\’e}},
editor = {Ma{\ss}mann, R{\”u}diger},
translator = {Ferdi{\‘e}re, Fr{\c{c}}ois},
title = {{\OE}uvres compl{\‘e}tes},
            
              
             
                
              
                  
              
               
                
           
  
0-9,A-Z,a-z
        
              
     
bst
     
             
    
2.4.3.2 bibtex8
 
bibtex8
    
bibtex8
  
              
csf
   
--csfile
        
             
  
csf
      
bibtex8
    
csf
  
biblatex.bst
  
       
bibtex8
  
bibtex8

           
   bibtex8       


bibtex8
        
               
bib
             
            
    
bibtex8
       
       
csf
     
                 
 \oe      
title = {Œuvres complètes},
title = {{\OE}uvres complètes},
            
             
            
       
\ss
  
         
csf
   
 
author = {Ba{\ss}mann, Paul},
            sortname 
author = {Baßmann, Paul},
sortname = {Basszzmann, Paul},
               
   
2.4.3.3 Biber
         

  
       
bib
       
           
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       
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  
       

   


              
bibtex8
            
            
        
bibtex8
   
          
      

  
           
      

  
           
           
             
          
\usepackage[backend=biber,sortlocale=de]{biblatex}
http://unicode.org/reports/tr10/
http://cldr.unicode.org/
http://unicode.org/reports/tr10/#Common_Misperceptions

              
\usepackage[backend=biber,sortlocale=auto]{biblatex}
           
                
          
            
           
               
              
             
2.4.3.4 Specifying Encodings
      
bib
      
            
               
bbl
      
bibencoding
   
           
 
bibtex8
    
bibtex8
  
csf
 
        
bib
      
            

bibtex8
      
--csfile
  
   
bibtex8
       
        
bibencoding
 
             
     
    
tex
 
bib
    
      bibtex8  
\usepackage{biblatex}
   

  
tex
    
bib

      bibtex8 
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage[bibencoding=ascii]{biblatex}
  

   
tex
 
bib
  
   bibtex8 
\usepackage[latin9]{inputenc}
\usepackage[bibencoding=auto]{biblatex}

bibencoding=auto
       
       
\usepackage[latin9]{inputenc}
\usepackage{biblatex}

 
  
tex
  

  
bib
  
   bibtex8 
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[bibencoding=latin1]{biblatex}
          
\usepackage[bibencoding=latin1]{biblatex}


   
tex
 
bib
    
  
bibtex8
       

             
           
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[bibencoding=ascii]{biblatex}
          
\usepackage[bibencoding=ascii]{biblatex}
           

 
    
bib
       
          
      
bib
      
        


  

   
tex
 
bib      
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[bibencoding=auto]{biblatex}
 bibencoding=auto        
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{biblatex}
          
\usepackage{biblatex}
        
tex
 


 
bib
      
bib
    
   
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage[bibencoding=utf8]{biblatex}

           

 
inputenc

utf8
      
          

inputenc
 
utf8
     
  
bib
 

   
inputenc
   
   
bib
        
inputenc
          safeinputenc 
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[safeinputenc]{biblatex}
       
inputenc

utf8
  
       
bib
     
  
S̨

\k{S}
     
texencod-
ing=ascii
         
inputenc
inputenx


        
   

    
 
            
bib
 
             
             
             

inputenc
            
 
\d{S}
 
Ṣ
         
  
   inputenc       
Package inputenc Error: Unicode char \u8: not set up for use with LaTeX
     
! Argument of \UTFviii@three@octets has an extra }.
2.4.4 Editors and Compiler Scripts
                
        
logreq


  
     
3 User Guide
             
              
              
             
    
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/logreq/
http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/biblatex/index.php?title=
Workflow_Automation

3.1 Package Options
     
hkeyi=hvaluei
  
true
 
      
sortcites
    
 sortcites=true
3.1.1 Load-time Options
               
 \usepackage
backend=bibtexbibtex8bibtexubiber  biber
        
biber
         

       
      
      
sortlocale
sortcase  sortupper 
bibtex
        
   
bibtex8 bibtex8
        
        
csf
 
    
bibtexu bibtexu
      


 
bibtexu
    
             
 
         
bib
  
           
             
  \ExecuteBibliographyOptions   
style=hfilei numeric
   
file.bbx
   
file.cbx
  
      
bibstyle=hfilei numeric
   
file.bbx
        
 
citestyle=hfilei numeric
   
file.cbx
        
 
natbib=truefalse  false
           
natbib      

mcite=truefalse  false
     
mcite
mciteplus
  
     
3.1.2 Preamble Options
3.1.2.1 General
          
\usepackage

             
             
           
sorting=ntynytnyvtanytanyvtyntydntnonedebug
hnamei
 nty
            
         
nty     
nyt     
nyvt      
anyt       
anyvt        
ynt     
ydnt      
none            
debug          
hnamei hnamei    \DeclareSortingScheme   
           
           
            
 
nty
              
              
              
sortcase=truefalse  true
            
        
bibtex8
  
         
backend
  
sortupper=truefalse  true  
    
--sortupper
    
            
         


sortlocale=autohlocalei 
            
     
hlocalei
 
\printbibliography
 
 
auto
          
       
en_US
   
         
          
de_DE_phonebook
es_ES
      
           
sortlos=biblos  los  
            
bib         
los   
              
sorting    \printbiblist 
related=truefalse  true  
             
sortcites=truefalse  false
              
            
           
maxnames=hintegeri 3
       
author
editor
      
       
hintegeri
    
     
minnames

maxnames
   
   maxbibnames  maxcitenames
minnames=hintegeri 1
       
author
editor
      

hmaxnamesi
     
hminnamesi
 
hminnamesi
       
hmaxnamesi
minnames
 
     minbibnames  mincitenames
maxbibnames=hintegeri hmaxnamesi
  maxnames     
minbibnames=hintegeri hminnamesi
  minnames     
maxcitenames=hintegeri hmaxnamesi
  maxnames         

mincitenames=hintegeri hminnamesi
  minnames         
maxitems=hintegeri 3
 
maxnames
      
publisher
location
 
minitems=hintegeri 1
 
minnames
      
publisher
location
 
autocite=plaininlinefootnotesuperscript...
      
\autocite
    

plain
 
\autocite
 
\cite
inline
 
 
\parencite
footnote
   
\footcite
 
superscript
   
\supercite
 
plain
inline

footnote
   
superscript
   
             
            
     
autopunct=truefalse  true
          
     \DeclareAutoPunctuation     
language=autobibautociteautohlanguagei autobib
       
autobib
autocite

auto
          
babel
polyglossia
      
babel
polyglossia
              
 
autolang
           
       
autobib

         
langid
  
    
autolang

autocite
 
     
langid
    
  
autolang

auto
     
autobib

autocite
         
 autobib
clearlang=truefalse  true
         
language
 
     
babel
polyglossia
  
       
language
  
          
    
\DeclareRedundantLanguages
 

autolang=nonehyphenotherother*langname  none
   
babel
 

   
babel
polyglossia
        
polyglossia
 
babel
       
  babel  polyglossia  

langid
           
  
babel
polyglossia
    
              
           
           
none
            
hyphen
    
hyphenrules
    
       
hyphenation
     
other
    
otherlanguage
  
         
 
babel
polyglossia
   
          
         
    
other*
    
otherlanguage*
 
   
otherlanguage*

otherlanguage
         
langname polyglossia
     
‘languagename’
       
polyglossia
       
langidopts
     
         
 
babel
       
other


block=nonespaceparnbparragged  none
             
     
none      
space
         
        
par
           
openbib
      
nbpar
  
par
       
    
ragged
          
      

\newblockpunct
        
          
notetype=foot+endfootonlyendonly  foot+end
     
\mkbibfootnote
\mkbibendnote
 
        
foot+end
      
\mkbibfootnote

   \mkbibendnote   
footonly      \mkbibendnote  

endonly      \mkbibfootnote  
hyperref=truefalseauto  auto
           
   
hyperref
       
           
hyperref=auto
   
hyperref
   
backref=truefalse  false
             
            
     
refsection
     
            
            
             
       
backrefstyle=nonethreetwotwo+three+all+  three
             
      
none           
three
           
                  

two
           
          
two+
   
two
      
          
sequens            
three+
   
two+
      
          

sequentes
            

all+
   
three+
     
            
      
            
            
              
backrefsetstyle=setonlymemonlysetormemsetandmem
memandsetsetplusmem
 setonly
      
@set
    
     
setonly
      
@set
 
pageref

    

memonly
          
   @set        pageref
   @set   
setormem
  
@set
    
@set
 
        
setandmem
  
@set
    
@set
 
            
@set 
memandset
  
@set
    
@set
  
          

setplusmem
  
@set
    
@set
  
          
    @set 
indexing=truefalsecitebib  false
           
  
\ifciteindex

\ifbibindex
    
               

true   
false   
cite     
bib      
           
             
          
\makeindex
   
loadfiles=truefalse  false
          
\printfile
       
\printfile
     
       
refsection=nonepartchaptersectionsubsection  none
            
          
\newrefsection

            
none   
part       \part 
chapter       \chapter 
section       \section 
subsection       \subsection 
            

refsegment=nonepartchaptersectionsubsection  none
  
refsection
        
  
\newrefsegment
       
             
   
refsection
       
       
citereset=nonepartchaptersectionsubsection  none
    
\citereset
     
             
  
none   
part      \part 
chapter      \chapter 
section      \section 
subsection      \subsection 
          
abbreviate=truefalse  true
              
             
         
date=yearshortlongtersecompiso8601  comp
           
  
year     


short         



long         
  
    
    
terse         


comp         
  
  

iso8601     yyyy-mm-dd  


             
           
abbreviate

             
datezeros  
datelabel=yearshortlongtersecompiso8601  year
  
date
          
\DeclareLabeldate
origdate=yearshortlongtersecompiso8601  comp
   date        origdate
eventdate=yearshortlongtersecompiso8601  comp
   date        eventdate
urldate=yearshortlongtersecompiso8601  short
   date        urldate
alldates=yearshortlongtersecompiso8601
          
datezeros=truefalse  true
   
short

terse
    

dateabbrev=truefalse  true
   
long

comp
      
         
abbreviate
 
    
defernumbers=truefalse  false
            
              
         
labelnumber
  
               
             
  
bbl
           
              
               
      
\printbibliography
    
          
aux
    
      

punctfont=truefalse  false
          
               
\setpunctfont     
arxiv=abspspdfformat  abs
            
      
eprint
     
  
abs     
ps     
pdf     
format      
            
texencoding=autohencodingi auto
    
tex
      
           
--output_encoding      
auto
       
inputenc
inputenx
luainputenc
        
       

  
       
hencodingi
 
hencodingi
       
           

  
texencoding=hencodingi
   
bibencoding
  bibencoding=auto
bibencoding=autohencodingi auto
    
bib
       
--input_encoding      
auto
             
 bib         tex 
hencodingi
    
bib
       
tex
      
     
tex
  
bib
    
bibencoding=auto
         
       
safeinputenc=truefalse  false  
        
texencoding=ascii
 
inputenc
inputenx
        

       

     
         
bib
     

 
Ṣ

\d{S}
           
  
bibwarn=truefalse  true
            
  bib           
mincrossrefs=hintegeri 2
       
hintegeri
   


           
              
            
          


          
xref
  
           
3.1.2.2 Style-specific
             
          
isbn=truefalse  true
      isbnissnisrn  
url=truefalse  true
    
url
       
     
url
   
url
 
@online    
doi=truefalse  true
      doi  
eprint=truefalse  true
    eprint   
3.1.2.3 Internal
           
     
pagetracker

firstinits

              
pagetracker=truefalsepagespread  false
          
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
\iffirstonpage        

          
bib
      
                  
           
crossref
    
 

               
       

true
        
spread
 
      page 
false   
page
            
 
spread
            
   
           
citecounter=truefalsecontext  false
         
citecounter

    
true       
false    
context
         
          
citetracker=truefalsecontextstrictconstrict  false
          
\ifciteseen
 \ifentryseen        
true      
false   
context
         
         
strict
             
              
        
constrict       context  strict
           
ibidtracker=truefalsecontextstrictconstrict  false
          
\ifciteibid
       
true      
false   
context
         
         
strict
          
        
          

            

constrict
     
context

strict
 
        
        
strict
 
      
strict
  
           
            
  
           
opcittracker=truefalsecontextstrictconstrict  false
          
\ifopcit
 
             
     
\ifopcit
 
true
     
           
true      
false   
context
         
         
strict
          
   
ibidtracker=strict
 
constrict
     
context

strict
 
  ibidtracker=constrict  
           
loccittracker=truefalsecontextstrictconstrict  false
          
\ifloccit

               
 
hpostnotei
   
\ifloccit
 
true
 
           
true      
false   
context
         
         
strict
          
   
ibidtracker=strict
 
         
hpostnotei

    \ifnumerals   

        Title  Title    
                
               
                 
   

constrict
     
context

strict
 
 
ibidtracker=constrict
   
       
hpostnotei
  
  \ifnumerals   
           
idemtracker=truefalsecontextstrictconstrict  false
          
\ifciteidem

      
true      
false   
context
         
         
strict
    
true
       
          
      
strict
    
 
constrict
    
context
   
          
           
     
           
parentracker=truefalse  true
          
       
\parentext

\brackettext
  
\mkbibparens

\mkbibbrackets

 
\bibopenparen
\bibcloseparen
\bibopenbracket
\bibclosebracket   
maxparens=hintegeri 3
          
           
firstinits=truefalse  false
              
  \iffirstinits    
sortfirstinits=truefalse  false
            
 
firstinits
             

terseinits=truefalse  false
            
             
                

       
\ifterseinits
   
            
 
      
labelalpha=truefalse  false
       
labelalpha

extraalpha
 
              
 

maxalphanames

minalphanames
   
extra*      
maxalphanames=hintegeri 3 
  
maxnames
      
labelalpha

minalphanames=hintegeri 1 
  
minnames
      
labelalpha

labelnumber=truefalse  false
       
labelnumber
     
        
labeltitle=truefalse  false  
       
extratitle
     
    
labeltitle
      
 
labeltitle
   
extratitle
 
           
extra*
     
labeltitleyear=truefalse  false  
       
extratitleyear
     
    
labeltitle
      
 
labeltitle
   
extratitleyear

            
extra*      
labeldate=truefalse  false
       
labelyear
labelmonth
labelday  extrayear             
        
extra*

    
singletitle=truefalse  false
         
\ifsingletitle
 
               
uniquename=truefalseinitfullallinitallfull
mininitminfull
 false  
     
uniquename
      
      
labelname
   
         

Option Enabled field Enabled counter Counter tracks
labelalpha labelalpha extraalpha label
labeldate labelyear extrayear labelname+la-
belyear
labeltitle — extratitle labelname+labelti-
tle
labeltitleyear — extratitleyear labeltitle+la-
belyear
Table 5: Disambiguation counters
true    full
false   
init     
full         
allinit
 
init
     
labelname

 maxnamesminnamesuniquelist
allfull
 
full
     
labelname

 maxnamesminnamesuniquelist
mininit
  
init
      
  
minfull
  
full
      
  
  
uniquename
   
uniquelist
 
\ifsingletitle
  
extrayear
      
   
uniquelist=truefalseminyear  false  
     
uniquelist
     
    
labelname
     

maxnames
minnames
   
maxnames
minnames
            
   
true   labelname 
false   
minyear
 
labelname
       
      
labelyear
   
       labeldate=true
  
uniquelist
    
\ifsingletitle
 

extrayear
          
      
3.1.3 Entry Options
              
options    

3.1.3.1 Preamble/Type/Entry Options
          
options
 
            
\usepackage
               
      
useauthor=truefalse  true
 
author
         
      
author
       
   
useauthor=false
    
author

     
author
      
        
editor

title
 
   
author
           
            
useeditor=truefalse  true
 
editor
  
author
     
       
editor
       

useeditor=false
    
editor
  
   
editor
    
author
   
       
title
   

editor
              
 
       
usetranslator=truefalse  false
 
translator
  
author
editor
   
  
usetranslator=true
    
translator
 
author
editor
   
translator
   
  
author
editor
   
useauthor

useeditor

 
false
             
              
 
   
@Book{...,
options = {useauthor=false,usetranslator=true},
author = {...},
translator = {...},
...
    
translator
       
  
useprefix=truefalse  false
              
              
               
            
          
               
            
 
   

indexing=truefalsecitebib

indexing
           

3.1.3.2 Type/Entry Options
           
options

    
skipbib=truefalse  false
               
              
skiplos=truefalse  false
                
              
 
       
skiplab=truefalse  false
                
             
           
               
 
   
dataonly=truefalse  false
     
uniquename=false
uniquelist=false,
skipbib
skiplos
 
skiplab
       
               
labelnamefield=hfieldnamei
         
labelname
  
       
\DeclareLabelname
 
 
labeltitlefield
=hfieldnamei
         
labeltitle
 
        
\DeclareLabeltitle

  
3.1.4 Legacy Options
            
\documentclass        \usepackage
openbib
           

  openbib    block=par

3.2 Global Customization
            
           
             
              
    
3.2.1 Configuration File
        
biblatex.cfg
 
             
   
3.2.2 Seing Package Options
              
\usepackage
            
       
\ExecuteBibliographyOptions[hentrytype, …i]{hkey=value, …i}
              
              
  
hentrytypei
     
hentrytypei
       
3.3 Standard Styles
            
              
3.3.1 Citation Styles
           
      
shorthand
   
   

           
            
           
            
 
autocite=inline
labelnumber=true
   
    
subentry
     
                
                
               

    
numeric
         
          
cite
  
sort&compress
  
natbib
     
                 
             
autocite=inline
sortcites=true
labelnumber=true
  
  subentry 


    
numeric
      
               
             
              
    
autocite=inline
labelnumber=true
 
  subentry 

         
alpha.bst
          
               
             
            
          
           
         
autocite=inline
labelalpha=true

    
alphabetic
     
               
           
           
          
autocite=inline
labelalpha=true

          
                
              
            
           
             
            
  
autocite=inline
labeldate=true
uniquename=full
uniquelist=true

    
authoryear
       
            
               
              
             
              
   
autocite=inline
sortcites=true
labeldate=
trueuniquename=fulluniquelist=true

   
authoryear
       
 ibidem             
    ibidem          

ibidtracker=constrict
       
   
autocite=inline
labeldate=true
uniquename=
full
uniquelist = true
ibidtracker = constrict
pagetracker =
true
        
ibidpage
 
    

  
authoryear-comp

authoryear-ibid
 
         
autocite =

inline
labeldate = true
uniquename = full
uniquelist = true
ibidtracker=constrict
pagetracker=true
sortcites=true
 
       
ibidpage
  
  

             
shorttitle
           
         
autocite=footnote
uniquename=fulluniquelist=true

    
authortitle
       
           
     First title  Second title    
 First titleSecond title         
         
autocite=footnote
sortcites=trueuniquename=fulluniquelist=true

   
authortitle
      
 ibidem             
    ibidem          
ibidtracker=constrict
        
         
autocite=footnote
uniquename = full
uniquelist = true
ibidtracker = constrict
pagetracker=true
       
 ibidpage      

     
authortitle-comp

authortitle-ibid
        
 
autocite=footnote
uniquename=full
uniquelist=true
ibidtracker=constrict
pagetracker=true
sortcites=true
 
       
ibidpage
  
  

    
authortitle
        
            
   
shorttitle
         
             
  
autocite=inline
singletitle=true
uniquename=full
uniquelist=true

     
authortitle-comp

authortitle-terse
      
shorttitle
 
             
          
autocite =
inline
sortcites = true
singletitle = true
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               
              
    ibidemidemop. cit.  loc. cit.   
            
 
shorthand
          
             
            

             
        
autocite = footnote
citetracker = context
ibidtracker = constrict
idemtracker =
constrict
opcittracker=context
loccittracker=context
 
      
ibidpage
strict
 
citepages      

         
verbose
  
   ibidem  idem      

verbose-trad1
     op. cit.     
  loc. cit.            
verbose-ibid

verbose-inote
 
verbose-trad1
      
    
autocite=footnote
citetracker=context
ibidtracker=constrictidemtracker=constrict    
    
ibidpage
strict
 
citepages
     

         
verbose-trad2

     ibidem  op. cit.      
         
autocite=footnote
citetracker=context
ibidtracker=constrict
loccittracker=
constrict
       
strict
 citepages      

              
  authortitle 
            
     

               
     autocite=plain

               
           
autocite=
plain
3.3.2 Bibliography Styles
             
              
             
           
            
   authortitle-comp    authortitle 

            
              

shorthand
          
    
labelnumber=true
    
   
subentry
     
                
                
   


        
alpha.bst
  
             
 
shorthand
          
     labelalpha=truesorting=anyt

              
              
           
                
          
dashed
          
mergedate
            
    
labeldate=true
sorting=nyt
pagetracker=
truemergedate=true

                
            
               
       
dashed
  
             
    pagetracker=true

     
authortitle
     
  
dashed
         
       pagetracker=true

           
        
annotation
abstract
library
 
file
        
             
  
entryhead
entrykey
annotation
abstract
library
 
file
        
              
         
loadfiles = true
entryhead = true
entrykey = true
annotation = true
abstract =
truelibrary=truefile=true
           
      

             
              
sorting=debug

             
           sorting=debug
3.4 Related Entries
           
             
             
       
related
relatedtype

relatedstring
             

              
             
relatedtype

            
          
relatedstring
         
relatedtype
 

@Book{key1,
...
related = {key2},
relatedtype = {reprintof},
...
}
@Book{key2,
...
}
    
key1
    
key2
  
 
Book
 
\usebibmacro{related}
   
key1
    
reprintof
       
relatedstring:reprintof
      
       relatedstring:default 
 
related:reprintof
         
   
key2
  
related:default

 
 
related:reprintof
         
           
related
   
         
@Book{key1,
...
related = {key2},
relatedtype = {reprintof},
...
}
@Book{key2,
...
related = {key3},
relatedtype = {translationof},
...
}
@Book{key3,
...
related = {key2},

relatedtype = {translatedas},
...
}
        
@MVBook{key1,
...
related = {key2,key3},
relatedtype = {multivolume},
...
}
@Book{key2,
...
}
@Book{key3,
...
}
               
               
               
        related   
   
relatedoptions
        
        
dataonly
     
               
            
             
 
dataonly
      
uniquename=false

uniquelist=false
      
relatedoptions
 
skiplab, skipbib, skiplos
3.5 Sorting Options
          
    
sorting
       
               
             
          
          
          
presort
 
             
mm
  
       
sortkey
     
         
presort
   
      
sortkey
    
        
sortname
author
editor
 
translator
          
   
useauthor
useeditor
 
usetranslator
  
     
sortname
        
   
maxnames

minnames
     

        
useauthor
useeditor

usetranslator
       
sorttitle

title
            
sortyear
         
year
 

sorttitle
    
title
  
volume

           
0000

            
labelalpha
         
     
labelalpha
extraalpha
  
             
           

presort

sortkey
        
sortyear   year      ynt  
              
9999
               
       
ydnt
        
     
ynt
  
9999
    
           
   
ydnt
        
          
    
sortkey
sortname
 
sorttitle
  
            
                
               
              
               
    
3.6 Bibliography Commands
3.6.1 Resources
\addbibresource[hoptionsi]{hresourcei}
 
hresourcei
   
.bib
        
       
\bibliography
 
             
  
.bib
       
hresourcei
 
  
\addbibresource
     
 
\addbibresource{bibfile1.bib}
\addbibresource{bibfile2.bib}
\addbibresource[location=remote]{http://www.citeulike.org/bibtex/group/9517}
\addbibresource[location=remote,label=lan]{ftp://192.168.1.57/~user/file.bib}
 
hresourcei
          
            
 hoptionsi 
label=hidentifieri
      
hidentifieri
        
      refsection   

location=hlocationi local
     
hlocationi
  
local
  

remote


      



   

       
bib
  

   bib 
type=htypei file
          file
datatype=hdatatypei bibtex
            
bibtex  
ris
   

 

  
ID  
    

 
ID
  
        
zoterordfxml



      
 
      
endnotexml


      
 
      
\addglobalbib[hoptionsi]{hresourcei}
   
\addbibresource
  
hresourcei
  
           
             
 
refsection
        
            

\addsectionbib[hoptionsi]{hresourcei}
   
\addbibresource
   
hoptionsi

  
hresourcei
          
          
refsection
             
\addsectionbib
    
hresourcei
     
 
hoptionsi
   
label
     
     
\bibliography{hbibfile, …i}
         
 
\addbibresource
       
             
  
bib
 
.bib
      
            
     \addbibresource 
3.6.2 The Bibliography
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIS_(file_format)

\printbibliography[hkey=value, …i]
            
    
hkeyi=hvaluei
     
env=hnamei bibliography/shorthands
            
    
\defbibenvironment
 
    
hnamei
    
    
\defbibenvironment
 

\printbibliography
   
bibliography
\printbiblist  shorthands      
heading=hnamei bibliography/shorthands
             
    
hnamei
   
\defbibheading
 
 
\printbibliography
   
bibliography
\printbiblist  shorthands      
title=htexti
            
heading            
prenote=hnamei
               
         
hnamei
   
\defbibnote
            
      
\bibsetup

\bibfont
    
       
postnote=hnamei
               
    
hnamei
   
\defbibnote
 
                

\bibsetup

\bibfont
        
  
section=hintegeri current section
      
hintegeri
   
        
refsection
 
              
segment=hintegeri 0
      
hintegeri
   
        
refsegment

               
             
             
 

sorting=hnamei 
            

\DeclareSortingScheme
      
 
sorting
       
          
type=hentrytypei
       hentrytypei
nottype=hentrytypei
       
hentrytypei
    
 
subtype=hsubtypei
    entrysubtype    hsubtypei
notsubtype=hsubtypei
   
entrysubtype
   
hsubtypei
 
    
keyword=hkeywordi
   
keywords
 
hkeywordi
   
  
notkeyword=hkeywordi
   
keywords
   
hkeywordi
 
    
category=hcategoryi
     
hcategoryi
     

notcategory=hcategoryi
      
hcategoryi
    
 
filter=hnamei
    
hnamei
   
\defbibfilter
  
 
check=hnamei
    
hnamei
   
\defbibcheck
  
 

prefixnumbers=hstringi
          

defernumbers
         
  
resetnumbers
      
 
hstringi
           
 
hstringi

A
      
[A1]
[A2]
[A3]
  
          
  
hstringi
     
prefixnumber
  
      
resetnumbers=htrue,false,numberi
          

defernumbers
          
           
                 

resetnumbers=10
        
           
         
omitnumbers=truefalse
          

defernumbers
         
              
          
        
\bibbysection[hkey=value, …i]
          
  
\printbibliography
      
         
\bibbysection
     
1
   
   
refsection
     
               
 
\printbibliography
  
env
heading
prenote
postnote
      
sorting
 
   
\bibbysegment[hkey=value, …i]
          
  
\printbibliography
      
refsection
        
   
\bibbysegment
    

1
      
refsegment

              
      
\printbibliography
  
env
heading
prenote
postnote
     
 sorting      

\bibbycategory[hkey=value, …i]
            
\printbibliography
        
           
               
   
\printbibliography
  
env
prenote
postnote
section
 
heading
     
              
  
heading=hcategoryi

\printbibliography
 
             
     sorting      
\printbibheading[hkey=value, …i]
       
\defbibheading
 
           
hkeyi=hvaluei

          
\printbibliography
  
heading

title
      
bibliography
            

3.6.3 The List of Shorthands
               
 
        
    
shorthand

biblatex
   
            
      
\printshorthands[hkey=value, …i]
            
      
hkeyi=hvaluei
     
  
\printbibliography
  
prefixnumbers
resetnumbers
 
omitnumbers
   
refsection

             
           
shorthands
    

sorting
  
\printbibliography
    
     
3.6.4 Bibliography Lists
             
 
            
     
          
             
           
            
               
     

\printbiblist[hkey=value, …i]{h<biblistname>i}
              
    hkeyi=hvaluei      

\printbibliography
  
prefixnumbers
resetnumbers

omitnumbers
   
refsection
   
              
      biblist     

hbiblistnamei
         
    
        
   
\DeclareBiblistFilter
    
  
     
         sorting    
  
sorting
  
\printbibliography
  
             
                
            
       
\printshorthands[…]
 
    
\printbiblist[...]{shorthand}
            
             
      
      
          
             
              
  
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{shortjournal}{%
\printfield{journaltitle}}
              
\printbiblist[title={Journal Shorthands}]{shortjournal}

shortjournal
           

      
         
    shortjournal    .bbl
         

           

      
sorting
   
\printbiblist        shortjournal
        
\printbiblist
 
             
            
3.6.5 Bibliography Sections

refsection
          
          
             
             
        
   
\chapter

\section
    
        
refsection
  
             
\beginrefsection[hresource, …i]
\end{refsection}
            
             
    
\addbibresource
     
           
\addglobalbib
  
refsection
  
     
refsegment
  
refsection

     
section
 
\printbibliography
           

\printbiblist
      
  
1
          
      
refsection
  
   
\printbibliography
   
refsection
  
     
section
     
     \printbiblist
\newrefsection[hresource, …i]
     
refsection
      
          
             
    
\newrefsection
     
       
\endrefsection
    
 
3.6.6 Bibliography Segments

refsegment
          
           
            
         

\chapter

\section
         
  
refsegment
         
       
\beginrefsegment
\end{refsegment}
   
refsection
 
refsegment
  
             
    
segment
 
\printbibliography
 
          
refsegment
            
refsection
          
     
refsection
  
segment
 
\printbibliography
       
          
1

              
  
refsegment
        

refsection
       
 \printbibliography     refsegment 
\newrefsegment
     
refsegment
      
          
             
    
\newrefsegment
      
   \endrefsegment       
3.6.7 Bibliography Categories
           
            
       
\DeclareBibliographyCategory{hcategoryi}
  
hcategoryi
     
\addtocategory
 
category

notcategory
 
\printbibliography
 
      
\addtocategory{hcategoryi}{hkeyi}
 
hkeyi
 
hcategoryi
       
category

notcategory
 
\printbibliography
     
       
hkeyi
       
       
3.6.8 Bibliography Headings and Environments
\defbibenvironment{hnamei}{hbegin codei}{hend codei}{hitem codei}
     
hnamei
   
 
env
 
\printbibliography

\printbiblist
 
   
hbegin codei
        
   
hend codei
        

hitem codei
             
               
list 
\defbibenvironment{bibliography}
{\list{}
{\setlength{\leftmargin}{\bibhang}%
\setlength{\itemindent}{-\leftmargin}%
\setlength{\itemsep}{\bibitemsep}%
\setlength{\parsep}{\bibparsep}}}
{\endlist}
{\item}
       
\defbibenvironment
  

\newenvironment
        
 hitem codei
\defbibheading{hnamei}[htitlei]{hcodei}
     
hnamei
     
 
heading
 
\printbibliography

\printbibheading

\printbiblist
    
hcodei
   
             
   
\printbibliography

\printbiblist
 
 
title
          
#1
 
      
htitlei
   
#1


htitlei
   
\bibname
\refname
 
\biblistname
             
          
\defbibheading{bibliography}[\bibname]{%
\chapter*{#1}%
\markboth{#1}{#1}}
        
\printbibliography  \printbibheading  
bibliography
      
\printbibliography
 
heading

              
 
\chapter
        
   
book
    
\chapter*
   
              

\chapter
          

article
    
\section*
    
               
      
book
    
bibliography
      
references
   
       

subbibliography
 
bibliography
       
 
\section*
 
\chapter*
 
book
  
\subsection*   \section* 
bibintoc
  bibliography          
subbibintoc
  subbibliography          
bibnumbered
 
bibliography
  
\chapter

\section
  
          
subbibnumbered
 
subbibliography
  
\section

\subsection

            
none
         
      
\printbiblist
 
biblist
      
\printbiblist
 
heading
 
     
bibliography
      

shorthands
 
bibliography

references
   
       
biblistintoc
  biblist          
biblistnumbered
 
biblist
  
\chapter

\section
   
         
3.6.9 Bibliography Notes
\defbibnote{hnamei}{htexti}
   
hnamei
     
prenote

postnote
 
\printbibliography

\printbiblist
 
htexti
 
           
    

3.6.10 Bibliography Filters and Checks
\defbibfilter{hnamei}{hexpressioni}
    
hnamei
     
filter
 
\printbibliography
 
hexpressioni
       

and
or
not
   
(...)
     
segment=hintegeri
       hintegeri
type=hentrytypei
       hentrytypei
subtype=hsubtypei
    entrysubtype  hsubtypei
keyword=hkeywordi
   
keywords
 
hkeywordi
 
hkeywordi
        
category=hcategoryi
     hcategoryi \addtocategory
       
\defbibfilter{example}{%
(type=book or type=inbook )
and keyword=abc
and not keyword={x y z}
}
          
@book

@inbook
 
keywords
    
abc
   
xyz
 
            
             
  
\ifboolexpr
  
etoolbox
  
etoolbox
         
\ifthenelse
  
ifthen
        
          ifthen 
\defbibfilter{example}{%
\( \type{book} \or \type{inbook} \)
\and \keyword{abc}
\and \not \keyword{x y z}
}
               

section
 
\printbibliography
     
       

\defbibcheck{hnamei}{hcodei}
    
hnamei
    
check

 
\printbibliography
\defbibcheck
    
\defbibfilter
        

hcodei
            
               
         
hcodei
 
  
\skipentry
 
hcodei
      
           
abstract

\defbibcheck{abstract}{%
\iffieldundef{abstract}{\skipentry}{}}
...
\printbibliography[check=abstract]
           
\defbibcheck{recent}{%
\iffieldint{year}
{\ifnumless{\thefield{year}}{2000}
{\skipentry}
{}}
{\skipentry}}
            
3.6.11 Dynamic Entry Sets
   
@set
        
         
            hkeyi
\defbibentryset{hkeyi}{hkey1,key2,key3, …i} 

hkeyi
                
    
hkeyi
           
             
  
\defbibentryset
    
\nocite

              
          
\defbibentryset

       
hkeyi
    
\nocitehkeyi
           

refsection
        
             
             
      
3.7 Citation Commands
          

hprenotei
             

       
hpostnotei
       
                
                 
         
\cite[see][]{key}

hkeyi
            
           
bib
 
           
\command[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeysi}hpunctuationi
 
autopunct
          
 
hpunctuationi
        
          
\DeclareAutoPunctuation     
3.7.1 Standard Commands
           
           
     
\cite[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\Cite[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
            
             
        
\Cite
 

\cite
             
useprefix
            
     
\parencite[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\Parencite[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
      
\cite
    
          
\Parencite
  
\parencite
       
     
useprefix
       
          
\footcite[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\footcitetext[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
      
\cite
       
              
      
useprefix
       
          
\footcitetext

 \footcite     \footnotetext   \footnote
3.7.2 Style-specific Commands
            
     

\textcite[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\Textcite[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
             
                
             
              
             
             
            
   
\Textcite
  
\textcite
  
          
useprefix
  
      
\smartcite[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\Smartcite[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
 \parencite      \footcite   
\cite*[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
             
  \cite          
\parencite*[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
              

\parencite
         
\supercite{hkeyi}
            
      
\supercitedelim
 
\multicitedelim
     
hprenotei

hpostnotei
      
\supercite
    
  
3.7.3 alified Citation Lists
           
               
              
            
             
       
\parencite

\footcite
 
      
\DeclareMultiCiteCommand
           
\parencites[35]{key1}[88--120]{key2}[23]{key3}
             
             
                   
             
 

\parencites[35]{key1}[chapter 2 in][]{key2}[23]{key3}
               
             
       
\parencites(and chapter 3)[35]{key1}[78]{key2}[23]{key3}
\parencites(Compare)()[35]{key1}[78]{key2}[23]{key3}
\parencites(See)(and the introduction)[35]{key1}[78]{key2}[23]{key3}
            
               
              
\relax
             
       
\parencites[35]{key1}[78]{key2}\relax[...]
\parencites[35]{key1}[78]{key2}\␣{...}
          
        
\cites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}...[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\Cites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}...[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
    \cite  \Cite 
\parencites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}...[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\Parencites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}...[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
    \parencite  \Parencite 
\footcites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}...[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\footcitetexts(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}...[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
    \footcite  \footcitetext 
\smartcites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}...[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\Smartcites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}...[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
    \smartcite  \Smartcite 
\textcites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}...[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\Textcites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}...[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
    \textcite  \Textcite 
\supercites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}...[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
   
\supercite
      
 

3.7.4 Style-independent Commands
                
              
             
     
\parencite

\footcite
  
            
 
\autocite
       
           
   
\autocite
      
 
\parencite

\footcite
    
\autocite
 
\DeclareAutoCiteCommand
   
     
autocite
     
             
               
         
             
   
\autocite
       
   
\parencite

\footcite

\supercite
  
               
         
           
\textcite
  
\autocite[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\Autocite[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
      
\autocite
   
           
           
autocite = footnote
        
       
\Autocite
  
\autocite
            

useprefix
           
      
\autocite*[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\Autocite*[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
   
\autocite
      
             
\autocite
   
\parencite
 
\autocite*
 
\parencite*
\autocites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}...[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\Autocites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}...[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
     
\autocite
     
         
\Autocites
  
\autocites
             
useprefix
            
     

3.7.5 Text Commands
            
               

\citeauthor[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\citeauthor*[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\Citeauthor[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\Citeauthor*[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
         
labelname

   
author
 
editor
  
translator
\Citeauthor

 
\citeauthor
          
  
useprefix
         
            
              
             
        
\citeauthor
 
     
\citetitle[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\citetitle*[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
            
shorttitle
             
title

       
\citeyear[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\citeyear*[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
     
year
    
date
  
   extrayear   
\citedate[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\citedate*[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
      
date

year
     
extrayear   
\citeurl[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
    url 
\parentext{htexti}
    htexti   
\brackettext{htexti}
    htexti   

3.7.6 Special Commands
           
\nocite{hkeyi}
\nocite{*}
       
\nocite
   
hkeyi
        
hkeyi
   
   
bib
         

\nocite
         
refsection
       
\nocite

              
  
\fullcite[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
             
             
     
\footfullcite[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
 
\fullcite
           
  
\volcite[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
\Volcite[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
    
\cite

\Cite
    
            
hpostnotei
    
hvolumei
  
hpagei
 
         
\cite
  
    
hpostnotei
     
            
volcitevolume
           
 
volcitepages
      
            
\volcitedelim  
\volcites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
...[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
\Volcites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
...[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
    \volcite  \Volcite 
\pvolcite[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
\Pvolcite[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
  \volcite    \parencite

\pvolcites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
...[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
\Pvolcites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
...[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
    \pvolcite  \Pvolcite 
\fvolcite[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
\ftvolcite[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
 
\volcite
  
\footcite

\footcitetext
 

\fvolcites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
...[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
\Fvolcites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
...[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
    \fvolcite  \Fvolcite 
\svolcite[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
\Svolcite[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
  \volcite    \smartcite
\svolcites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
...[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
\Svolcites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
...[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
    \svolcite  \Svolcite 
\tvolcite[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
\Tvolcite[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
  \volcite    \textcite
\tvolcites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
...[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
\Tvolcites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
...[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
    \tvolcite  \Tvolcite 
\avolcite[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
\Avolcite[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
  \volcite    \autocite
\avolcites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
...[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
\Avolcites(hmultiprenotei)(hmultipostnotei)[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
...[hprenotei]{hvolumei}[hpagei]{hkeyi}
    \avolcite  \Avolcite 

\notecite[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\Notecite[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
   
hprenotei

hpostnotei
    
 
\nocite
    
hkeyi
    
          
              
 
hpostnotei
   
\nocite
   
        
          
               
   
\pnotecite[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
\Pnotecite[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
  \notecite       
\fnotecite[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}
  \notecite        
3.7.7 Low-level Commands
             
        
\citename[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}[hformati]{hname listi}

hformati
     
\DeclareNameFormat
 
             
     
citename
       
hname listi       
\citelist[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}[hformati]{hliteral listi}

hformati
     
\DeclareListFormat
 
             
     
citelist
       
hliteral listi       
\citefield[hprenotei][hpostnotei]{hkeyi}[hformati]{hfieldi}

hformati
     
\DeclareFieldFormat
 
             
     
citefield
       
hfieldi       
3.7.8 Miscellaneous Commands
          
\citereset
             
     ibidemidemop. cit.    
               
          


\InitializeCitationStyle
       
          
\ifciteseen
\ifentryseen
\ifciteibid
 
\ifciteidem
    
   
refsection
       
   
refsection
   
citereset

   
\citereset*
 
\citereset
       
    
\mancite
           
           
       ibidem    
    
\mancite
      
           
\mancite
  

\mancite
         
\OnManualCitation
         
          
\ifciteibid

\ifciteidem     
\pno
        
hpostnotei
   
            
         
\ppno
 
\pno
            
            

\nopp
 
\pno
           
            

\psq
 
hpostnotei
          
               
        
sequens
   
             
  
\sqspace
      
            
\psqq
 
\psq
           
          
sequentes
             
\RN{hintegeri}
           
           \RNfont
\Rn{hintegeri}
 
\RN
         
         \Rnfont

3.7.9 natbib Compatibility Commands

natbib
   
natbib
   
        
natbib
 
      
\citet

\citep
   

\citealt

\citealp
      
        
\cite
   
    
natbib
          
\citeauthor
\citeyear
         
    
\Citet
\Citep
\Citeauthor
   
\defcitealias
\citetalias
 
\citepalias
    
           
natbib
   
natbib
     
            
     
\nameyeardelim
   
   natbib 
3.7.10 mcite-like Citation Commands  

mcite
        
mcite
mciteplus        
             

\mcite{key1,setA,*keyA1,*keyA2,*keyA3,key2,setB,*keyB1,*keyB2,*keyB3}
    
\defbibentryset{setA}{keyA1,keyA2,keyA3}%
\defbibentryset{setB}{keyB1,keyB2,keyB3}%
\cite{key1,setA,key2,setB}

\mcite
       
\cite
 
         
mcite
 
              
             
          
\mcite*[pre][post]{setA,*keyA1,*keyA2,*keyA3}
 
\defbibentryset{setA}{keyA1,keyA2,keyA3}%
\cite*[pre][post]{setA}
  
mcite
        
           
mcite
 
  
mcite
mciteplus
      

mcite
              
        mcite   
\cite{glashow,*salam,*weinberg}

Standard Command mcite-like Command
\cite \mcite
\Cite \Mcite
\parencite \mparencite
\Parencite \Mparencite
\footcite \mfootcite
\footcitetext \mfootcitetext
\textcite \mtextcite
\Textcite \Mtextcite
\supercite \msupercite
Table 6: mcite-like commands
                
                 
                
\mcite{set1,*glashow,*salam,*weinberg}
            
bib
 
   
numeric
   
biblatex
  
subentry              
           
  
mciteplus
         
        
3.8 Localization Commands
            
             
          
           
   
\DefineBibliographyStrings{hlanguagei}{hdefinitionsi}
        
hlanguagei
  
    
babel
polyglossia
     
       
hdefinitionsi

hkeyi=hvaluei

      
\DefineBibliographyStrings{american}{%
bibliography = {Bibliography},
shorthands = {Abbreviations},
editor = {editor},
editors = {editors},
}
                
            
           
            
             

Input Output Comment
\mcite{set1,*glashow,*salam,*weinberg}[1]     
\mcite{set1} [1]     
\cite{set1} [1]  \cite   
\mcite{set1,*glashow,*salam,*weinberg}[1]   
\mcite{glashow} [1a]    
\cite{weinberg} [1c]  \cite   
Table 7: mcite-like syntax (sample output with style = numeric and
subentry option)

\DeclareBibliographyStrings
\DefineBibliographyStrings
              
 
\DefineBibliographyExtras{hlanguagei}{hcodei}
             
   
hlanguagei
       
babel
polyglossia
 
hcodei
      
           
\UndefineBibliographyExtras{hlanguagei}{hcodei}
            

\DefineBibliographyExtras
      
             
     
\DefineHyphenationExceptions{hlanguagei}{htexti}
      
\hyphenation
   
  
hlanguagei
       
babel
polyglossia
 
htexti
     
      
\DefineHyphenationExceptions{american}{%
hy-phen-ation ex-cep-tion
}
\NewBibliographyString{hkeyi}
           
hkeyi
 
  
hdefinitionsi

\DefineBibliographyStrings
 
hkeyi

                
  
3.9 Formaing Commands
             
     

3.9.1 Generic Commands and Hooks
        
\renewcommand
 
       
\mk…
  
       biblatex.def
\bibsetup
            
       
\bibfont
             
\bibsetup     
\citesetup            
\newblockpunct
             
       block   
\newunitpunct
             
               
   
\finentrypunct
            
      
\entrysetpunct \BiberOnlyMark
      
           
\bibnamedelima \BiberOnlyMark
       
               
              
          
highnamepenalty
          
\bibnamedelimb \BiberOnlyMark
        
    
\bibnamedelima
     
         
lownamepenalty

         
\bibnamedelimc
            
      
useprefix=true
    
       
highnamepenalty
  
       
\bibnamedelimd
        
\bibnamedelimc

              
lownamepenalty           
\bibnamedelimi \BiberOnlyMark
  
\bibnamedelima/b
 
           
bib
    
          
\bibinitperiod \BiberOnlyMark
     
\bibinithyphendelim
       
\adddot

       
\bibinitdelim \BiberOnlyMark
      
\bibinithyphendelim
       
         

\bibinithyphendelim \BiberOnlyMark
       
   
\bibinitperiod

\bibinitdelim
 
            
   
\bibindexnamedelima  \bibnamedelima   
\bibindexnamedelimb  \bibnamedelimb   
\bibindexnamedelimc  \bibnamedelimc   
\bibindexnamedelimd  \bibnamedelimd   
\bibindexnamedelimi  \bibnamedelimi   
\bibindexinitperiod  \bibinitperiod   
\bibindexinitdelim  \bibinitdelim   
\bibindexinithyphendelim  \bibinithyphendelim   
\revsdnamepunct
             
              
\revsdnamedelim
Jones,Edward
     
\bibnamedelimd
   
             

\bibnamedash
               
               
  
\labelnamepunct
           
author

editor
  
author
      
   \newunitpunct       
\newunitpunct           
\subtitlepunct
     
title

subtitle
booktitle

booksubtitle
  
maintitle

mainsubtitle
 
    
\newunitpunct
    
 
\newunitpunct
          

\intitlepunct
              
@article
@inbook
@incollection
       
       Journal    Book  
               
 \intitlepunct     
\bibpagespunct
    
pages
       
 
\bibpagerefpunct
    
pageref
     


\multinamedelim
          
author

editor
               
   \finalnamedelim   
\finalnamedelim
    
\multinamedelim
    
             
   
Michel Goossens,Frank Mittelbach and Alexander Samarin
Edward Jones and Joe Williams
       
\multinamedelim
  
     
\finalnamedelim
 
\finalandcomma
  
\revsdnamedelim
                
               
           \revsdnamedelim
Jones, Edward, and Joe Williams
        
\revsdnamedelim
 
    \finalnamedelim      
\andothersdelim
       
andothers
    
 author  editor        
\multilistdelim
          
publisher

location
               
   \multinamedelim   
\finallistdelim
    
\multilistdelim
     
             
\finalnamedelim   
\andmoredelim
       
andmore
     
publisher  location        
\multicitedelim
            
           
\supercitedelim
 
\multicitedelim
    
\supercite
 
    
\compcitedelim
 
\multicitedelim
        
           

\textcitedelim
 
\multicitedelim
   
\textcite
  
              
             
        
\finalandcomma
 \finalandsemicolon   

 
\multinamedelim
                
     \finalnamedelim

\nametitledelim
           
            

\nameyeardelim
           
       
\labelalphaothers
          
labelalpha
               
    
maxalphanames
  
author
editor
    
bib
    
and others
 
                 
              
          
\sortalphaothers \BiberOnlyMark
 
\labelalphaothers
    
             
  
\renewcommand*{\labelalphaothers}{\textbf{+}}
\renewcommand*{\sortalphaothers}{+}
 \sortalphaothers       \labelalphaothers
\prenotedelim
    
hprenotei
       
       
\postnotedelim
    
hpostnotei
     
           
\mkbibnamelast{htexti}
            
     
\mkbibnamefirst{htexti}  \mkbibnamelast      
\mkbibnameprefix{htexti}  \mkbibnamelast      
\mkbibnameaffix{htexti}  \mkbibnamelast      
\relatedpunct
   
relatedtype
    
          
\relatedpunct
 
 
A. Smith. Title. 2000, (Orig. pub. as-Origtitle)
\relateddelim
            
             
      
Donald E. Knuth. Computers & Typesetting. 5 vols. Reading, Mass.: Addison-
Wesley, 1984-1986.
Vol. A: The TEXbook. 1984.
Vol. B: TEX: The Program. 1986.
Vol. C: The METAFONTbook. By. 1986.
Vol. D: METAFONT: The Program. 1986.
Vol. E: Computer Modern Typefaces. 1986.

3.9.2 Language-specific Commands
            
      
\DeclareBibliographyExtras
 

.lbx
  
\DefineBibliographyExtras
  
          
\mk…
   

\bibrangedash           
\bibrangessep \BiberOnlyMark
         
\bibdatedash          
\mkbibdatelong
             
              
    
\mkbibdateshort
 
\mkbibdatelong
       
\finalandcomma
                
     
Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach,and Alexander Samarin
\finalandcomma
        
\multinamedelim
\finalnamedelim
\textcitedelim
 
\revsdnamedelim   
\finalandsemicolon
               
        
Goossens, Mittelbach, and Samarin; Bertram and Wenworth;and Knuth
\finalandsemicolon
        
\textcitedelim   
\mkbibordinal{hintegeri}
            
\mkbibmascord{hintegeri}
 
\mkbibordinal
         
 
\mkbibfemord{hintegeri}
 
\mkbibordinal
         
 
\mkbibneutord{hintegeri}
 
\mkbibordinal
          
 

\mkbibordedition{hintegeri}
  \mkbibordinal        
\mkbibordseries{hintegeri}
  \mkbibordinal        
3.9.3 Lengths and Counters
             
  \setlength  \setcounter 
\bibhang            
 \parindent  
\biblabelsep
           
            
numeric

alphabetic
         
\labelsep  
\bibitemsep
            
 
\itemsep
   
\bibitemsep
\bibnamesep

\bibinitsep
   
\addvspace
     
           
              
\bibnamesep
           
               
             
 
\bibitemsep
      
 
\bibitemsep
\bibnamesep
 
\bibinitsep
   
\addvspace
           
           
        
\bibinitsep
           
               
             
 
\bibitemsep
     

\bibitemsep
\bibnamesep
 
\bibinitsep
   
\addvspace
           
           
        
\bibparsep
           
   
abbrvpenalty
             
          
               
      
\hyphenpenalty
  
              
              

                  
         
highnamepenalty
           
          
\hyphenpenalty
               
               
  
highnamepenalty
       

lownamepenalty
 
highnamepenalty
        
      
\hyphenpenalty
    
                
  
3.9.4 All-purpose Commands
           
       
\bibellipsis      
\noligature
             
           
”|
  
     babelpolyglossia 
\hyphenate
       
\-
   
           
”-
  
     babelpolyglossia 
\hyphen
            
-
               
”=
       
babel
polyglossia

\nbhyphen
           
 
-
             
           
”~
  
     babelpolyglossia 
\nohyphenation
          
    
\textnohyphenation{htexti}
  \nohyphenation     htexti

    
abbrvpenalty
lownamepenalty
 
highnamepenalty
               
                   
              
                
                   
  
\raggedright
        
        

\mknumalph{hintegeri}
                
             
   extrayear  extraalpha 
\mkbibacro{htexti}
            
            
 
\autocap{hcharacteri}
  
hcharacteri
      
           
              
 
hcharacteri
         
\autocap{s}pecial issue
              
            
  hcharacteri  
\autocap{\’e}dition sp\’eciale
             
         
\ae

\oe
  
    hcharacteri
\autocap{\oe}uvres
     
3.10 Language-specific Notes
           
3.10.1 American
    
\uspunctuation
    
          
 
\mkbibquote
          
   \stdpunctuation  
\DefineBibliographyExtras{american}{%
\stdpunctuation
}
         
american

             
          
      

      
american
british
australian
 
 
english
  
babel
polyglossia
  
      
babel
   
english
   
british
         
american
 
    english     american  
        american   
3.10.2 Spanish
             
               
            
  
and
         
       smartand 
smartand
            
                  
                 
              
             
  \finalnamedelim  \finallistdelim
\forceE
   
bib
          
                
       
author = {Edward Jones and Eoin Maguire},
author = {Edward Jones and {\forceE{E}}oin Maguire},
              

\forceE
            

\forceY   \forceE   
3.10.3 Greek
    

      
          
inputenc
    
ucs
    
inputenc
 
utf8
       
             
                
          
            
              
              
          
3.10.4 Russian
         


       

3.11 Usage Notes
            
   
3.11.1 Overview
           
            
          
\documentclass{...}
\usepackage[...]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{bibfile.bib}
\begin{document}
\cite{...}
...
\printbibliography
\end{document}
   
\bibliography
    
          
bib
  
           
\addbibresource
    
.bib
   
  
\printbibliography
     
              
            
      
example.tex
  
   bibfile.bib      
3.11.1.1 Biber


latex

example.tex
       
           
 example.bcf


biber

example.bcf
     
bibfile.
bib
      
example.bbl
    
   


latex

example.tex
     
example.
bbl         
3.11.1.2 BibTeX


latex

example.tex
       
           
 example.aux


bibtex

example.aux
     
bibfile.bib
      
example.bbl
  
     



latex

example.tex
     
example.
bbl         
              
                
             
            
latex

             

              
 
   
xref
  
entryset
    
          
  
latex
         
            
            
3.11.2 Auxiliary Files
3.11.2.1 Biber
     
bcf
      
     
\include
         
bcf
       
bcf
   
     refsection    
3.11.2.2 BibTeX
       
aux
     
      
\include
    
aux

        
aux
    
refsection
           
aux

 
refsection
        
bibtex
  
aux
     
aux
    
       
-blx
     
             
             
  
Package biblatex Warning: Please (re)run BibTeX on the file(s):
(biblatex) example.aux
(biblatex) and rerun LaTeX afterwards.
     
refsection
   
  
Package biblatex Warning: Please (re)run BibTeX on the file(s):
(biblatex) example1-blx.aux
(biblatex) example2-blx.aux
(biblatex) example3-blx.aux
(biblatex) and rerun LaTeX afterwards.
  
aux
    
bib
    
              
    defernumbers       


example-blx.bib
          
     
\blxauxsuffix
   
        
example.bcf
 
\blxauxsuffix      bib    
              
           
     
aux
      
                  
             
             
             
                 
       
aux
   
-blx

      
bib
       
            
\blxauxsuffix
      biblatex.cfg.
3.11.3 Multiple Bibliographies
            
             
               
     \chapter    
         
aux
 
 

refsection
         
     
\documentclass{...}
\usepackage{biblatex}
\addbibresource{...}
\begin{document}
\chapter{...}
\begin{refsection}
...
\printbibliography[heading=subbibliography]
\end{refsection}
\chapter{...}
\begin{refsection}
...
\printbibliography[heading=subbibliography]
\end{refsection}
\end{document}

\printbibliography
   
refsection
  
           
refsection
          
        
section
 
\printbibliography
          
\documentclass{...}
\usepackage{biblatex}

\defbibheading{subbibliography}{%
\section*{References for Chapter \ref{refsection:\therefsection}}}
\addbibresource{...}
\begin{document}
\chapter{...}
\begin{refsection}
...
\end{refsection}
\chapter{...}
\begin{refsection}
...
\end{refsection}
\printbibheading
\printbibliography[section=1,heading=subbibliography]
\printbibliography[section=2,heading=subbibliography]
\end{document}
             
            
   
\chapter
       
        
refsection
 
 
\label
      
refsection:
      
refsection
  
       
refsection
   
section
 
\printbibliography
       
            
               
       
nameref
  
\nameref   \ref
\usepackage{nameref}
\defbibheading{subbibliography}{%
\section*{\nameref{refsection:\therefsection}}}
  
\printbibliography
      
       
\bibbysection
           

\printbibliography
       
          
       
\printbibheading
\bibbysection[heading=subbibliography]
           
          
refsegment
 
refsection
     
refsection
       
refsegment
 
             
       
refsegment
  
 
aux
           
         

\documentclass{...}
\usepackage{biblatex}
\defbibheading{subbibliography}{%
\section*{References for Chapter \ref{refsegment:\therefsection\therefsegment}}}
\addbibresource{...}
\begin{document}
\chapter{...}
\begin{refsegment}
...
\end{refsegment}
\chapter{...}
\begin{refsegment}
...
\end{refsegment}
\printbibheading
\printbibliography[segment=1,heading=subbibliography]
\printbibliography[segment=2,heading=subbibliography]
\end{document}
  
refsegment
  
refsection
     

segment
 
\printbibliography
   
        
refsegment
  

refsegment:
      
refsegment
       
refsegment
  
             
          
\printbibheading
\bibbysegment[heading=subbibliography]
     
\printbibliography
   
    refsection
3.11.4 Subdivided Bibliographies
             
            
          
          
type

nottype
 
\printbibliography
       
        
\documentclass{...}
\usepackage{biblatex}
\addbibresource{...}
\begin{document}
...
\printbibheading
\printbibliography[nottype=online,heading=subbibliography,
title={Printed Sources}]
\printbibliography[type=online,heading=subbibliography,

title={Online Sources}]
\end{document}
       
\printbibliography[type=article,...]
\printbibliography[type=book,...]
\printbibliography[nottype=article,nottype=book,...]
            
\printbibliography[section=2,type=book,keyword=abc,notkeyword=xyz]
             
@book
 
keywords
         
             
      
filter
  
     
\defbibfilter
     
 
\documentclass{...}
\usepackage{biblatex}
\addbibresource{...}
\begin{document}
...
\printbibheading
\printbibliography[keyword=primary,heading=subbibliography,%
title={Primary Sources}]
\printbibliography[keyword=secondary,heading=subbibliography,%
title={Secondary Sources}]
\end{document}
           
keyword
             
           
\printbibliography[keyword=primary,...]
\printbibliography[notkeyword=primary,...]
               
            
     
keywords
     
bib
 
        
keyword

notkeyword

               
  bib 
@Book{key,
keywords = {primary,some,other,keywords},
...
           
            
              bib 

\documentclass{...}
\usepackage{biblatex}
\DeclareBibliographyCategory{primary}
\DeclareBibliographyCategory{secondary}
\addtocategory{primary}{key1,key3,key6}
\addtocategory{secondary}{key2,key4,key5}
\addbibresource{...}
\begin{document}
...
\printbibheading
\printbibliography[category=primary,heading=subbibliography,%
title={Primary Sources}]
\printbibliography[category=secondary,heading=subbibliography,%
title={Secondary Sources}]
\end{document}
            
\printbibliography[category=primary,...]
\printbibliography[notcategory=primary,...]
              
   
\bibbycategory
    
       
\printbibliography

          
\documentclass{...}
\usepackage{biblatex}
\DeclareBibliographyCategory{primary}
\DeclareBibliographyCategory{secondary}
\addtocategory{primary}{key1,key3,key6}
\addtocategory{secondary}{key2,key4,key5}
\defbibheading{primary}{\section*{Primary Sources}}
\defbibheading{secondary}{\section*{Secondary Sources}}
\addbibresource{...}
\begin{document}
...
\printbibheading
\bibbycategory
\end{document}
       
\bibbysection

\bibbysegment
  
\bibbycategory
     
          heading=hcategoryi
\printbibliography
         
  
3.11.5 Entry Sets
                 
              

\entrysetpunct
          
      
bib
       
  
\defbibentryset
    
             
             
3.11.5.1 Static entry sets
      
bib
       
 
               
@set
   
entryset
         
   
@Set{set1,
entryset = {key1,key2,key3},
}
            
        
@set
  
@set
 
             
 
            
         
entryset

crossref
               

entryset
  
@set
 
@set
   
crossref
        
entryset
     
    
entryset
       
   @set  
@Set{set1,
entryset = {key1,key2,key3},
crossref = {key1},
}
@Article{key1,
entryset = {set1},
author = {...},
title = {...},
...
}
@InCollection{key2,
entryset = {set1},
author = {...},
title = {...},
...
}
@Article{key3,
entryset = {set1},
author = {...},
title = {...},
...
}

             
                  
           
3.11.5.2 Dynamic entry sets  
               
               
  \defbibentryset    
\defbibentryset{set1}{key1,key2,key3}
           
refsection
           
             
          
3.11.6 Data Containers  

@xdata
            
        
xdata

@xdata
 
                
           
 publisherlocation      
@XData{hup,
publisher = {Harvard University Press},
location = {Cambridge, Mass.},
}
@Book{...,
author = {...},
title = {...},
date = {...},
xdata = {hup},
}
       
xdata
      

@xdata
 
@xdata
       
@xdata        @xdata 
@XData{macmillan:name,
publisher = {Macmillan},
}
@XData{macmillan:place,
location = {New York and London},
}
@XData{macmillan,
xdata = {macmillan:name,macmillan:place},
}
@Book{...,
author = {...},
title = {...},
date = {...},

xdata = {macmillan},
}
     
3.11.7 Electronic Publishing Information
         
eprint
eprinttype
 
eprintclass
 
eprint
    
 
doi
       
eprinttype
 
              
eprintclass
         
  
eprinttype
        
   
eprinttype
       
             
     
eprint = {identifier},
eprinttype = {Resource},
            
     
eprint
   
arxiv
 
eprinttype 
eprint = {math/0307200v3},
eprinttype = {arxiv},
              
   eprintclass 
eprint = {1008.2849v1},
eprinttype = {arxiv},
eprintclass = {cs.DS},
          
archiveprefix
     
eprinttype
primaryclass
   
eprintclass
         
   
arxiv.org
   
arxiv
    



   

  
eprint
  
 jstor   eprinttype 
eprint = {number},
eprinttype = {jstor},
 

        


 url      hnumberi     
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/number},
      

      

eprint
         

hnumberi
     
hnumberi
    
hyperref   
         
eprint
 
  pubmed   eprinttype    

url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/pmid},

eprint = {pmid},
eprinttype = {pubmed},
      

hpmidi
    

 
     hpmidi      
  

     
eprint
   
hdl
 
eprinttype 
eprint = {handle},
eprinttype = {hdl},
        
eprint
  
 googlebooks   eprinttype      
url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=XXu4AkRVBBoC},
 
eprint = {XXu4AkRVBBoC},
eprinttype = {googlebooks},
       
XXu4AkRVBBoC
  
 

            
 
 
eprint
          
        
_

\_
     
       
3.11.8 External Abstracts and Annotations
    
abstract

annotation
  
           
    
bib
           
   
@Article{key1,
...
abstract = {This is an abstract of entry ‘key1’.}
}
 
bib
      
bibabstract-key1.tex
 
    
This is an abstract of entry ‘key1’.
\endinput

    

              
         

        
url

 

            
bibabstract-

bibannotation-
        
\bibabstractprefix

\bibannotationprefix
   
         
loadfiles

            

abstract

annotation
  
bib
    
            
           
               
      
3.12 Hints and Caveats
          
  
3.12.1 Usage with KOMA-Script Classes
        
scrbook
scrreprt
 
scrartcl
  
bibliography

biblist
   
       

  
     
heading
 
\printbibliography
\printbibheading

\printbiblist
    
             
               
          
\ifkomabibtotoc{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
           
  hfalsei
\ifkomabibtotocnumbered{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
           
      
hfalsei
    
htruei
\ifkomabibtotoc    htruei     
3.12.2 Usage with the Memoir Class
    
memoir
      
           
     
memoir

\bibsection
  
heading
 
\printbibliography

\defbibheading
 
   
\prebibhook

\postbibhook
  
prenote

postnote
 
\printbibliography

\defbibnote
  
              
       
bibliography

biblist

         
bibtotoc

bibtotocnumbered
    
hkeyi=hvaluei
  

    
bibliography=
nottotoc
bibliography=totoc
 
bibliography=totocnumbered
  
toc=bibliography

toc=bibliographynumbered
     
                 
\documentclass

     
memoir

\bibintoc

\nobibintoc

  
\bibitemsep
        
memoir
           
 
memoir

\biblistextra
 
\setbiblabel
    
              
               
   
memoir
        
         
\ifmemoirbibintoc{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei

hfalsei
 
memoir

\bibintoc

\nobibintoc
      
memoir

\ifnobibintoc
         
3.12.3 Page Numbers in Citations
 
hpostnotei
           
             
             
            
              
              
          
pagination

                  
               
                 
          
hpostnotei
 
          
\protect
 
    
hpostnotei
       
           
\cite[25]{key}
\cite[vii]{key}
\cite[XIV]{key}
\cite[34--38]{key}
\cite[iv--x]{key}
\cite[185/86]{key}
\cite[XI \& XV]{key}
\cite[3, 5, 7]{key}
\cite[vii--x; 5, 7]{key}
               
   
\pno
\ppno
 
\nopp
    
             
      
27a
        
                 
    
\cite[\pno~27a]{key}
   
\ppno
         
\nopp
    

\cite[\ppno~27a--28c]{key}
\cite[\nopp 25]{key}
       
hpostnotei
   
             
                
   
\cite[VII, \pno~5]{key}
\cite[VII, \pno~3, \ppno~40--45]{key}
\cite[see][\ppno~37--46, in particular \pno~40]{key}
            
        \ppno    
\cite[\ppno~27~sq.]{key}
\cite[\ppno~55~sqq.]{key}
   
\psq

\psqq
      
             
     \sqspace
\cite[27\psq]{key}
\cite[55\psqq]{key}
              
            
\cite[p.~5]{key}
             
pagination
     
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             
              
        
\DeclareFieldFormat{postnote}{#1}

hpostnotei
            
            
               
   
3.12.4 Name Parts and Name Spacing
            
           
           
                
        part        
                  
             
                elements
              
    

  
 
 
 
           

\bibnamedelima          
         
         
\bibnamedelimb
         
  \bibnamedelima   
\bibnamedelimc        
      useprefix=true 
useprefix=false\bibnamedelimd  

\bibnamedelimd        
 \bibnamedelimc   
\bibnamedelimi  \bibnamedelima/b  
\revsdnamepunct         
     
      
John aEdward dDoe
Doe,
p d John aEdward
   bib     
J. iEdward dDoe
           
         
    
 
   
 
 
Charles-Jean bÉtienne bGustave aNicolas dde cLa aVallée aPoussin
 
\bibnamedelima/b/i
      
            
             
         
\bibnamedelimc/d
             
              
      

\bibinitperiod      
\bibinitdelim
      
\bibinithyphendelim        
   
\bibinitperiod  \bibinitdelim
     
J.
a b E.
aDoe
K.-
cH.
aMustermann
3.12.5 Bibliography Filters and Citation Labels
              
              
     
refsection
    
           
           

defernumbers
          
             
3.12.6 Active Characters in Bibliography Headings
     
babel
polyglossia
csquotes
 
underscore
            
            
      
”
       
  
babel
polyglossia
    
”<

”a

    
\defbibheading
      
            
             
          

\defbibheading

\begin{document}
   
babel

\shorthandon

\shorthandoff
   
            
  \defbibnote 
3.12.7 Grouping in Reference Sections and Segments
    
\begin

\end
     
            
          
refsection

refsegment
           
           
itemize
            
       
refsection

             
    
\chapter{...}
\refsection
...
\endrefsection

              
            
    
refsegment
    
\newrefsection

\newrefsegment
        
  
4 Author Guide
             
             
            
       
4.1 Overview
             
            
       
bbl
      
       
bst
     
         
           
 
\bibliographystyle

\bibliography
   
              
         
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            
 
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latex
   
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
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 
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  
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   
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  
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     
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     
\citation    aux 

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latex
     
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  
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  
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  
   
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  
   
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     
           
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latex
           
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               
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        
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     
bbl
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       bib 
@Book{companion,
author = {Michel Goossens and Frank Mittelbach and Alexander Samarin},
title = {The LaTeX Companion},
publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
address = {Reading, Mass.},
year = {1994},
}
  plain.bst        bbl   
\bibitem{companion}
Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin.
\newblock {\em The LaTeX Companion}.
\newblock Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1994.
       
\bibitem
 
      aux 
\bibcite{companion}{1}
            
 
aux
  
natbib
   
aux
  
  
\bibcite{companion}{{1}{1994}{{Goossens et~al.}}{{Goossens, Mittelbach,
and Samarin}}}
          
           
            
  
jurabib
       
 
\bibcite{companion}{{Goossens\jbbfsasep Mittelbach\jbbstasep Samarin}%
{}{{0}{}{book}{1994}{}{}{}{}{Reading, Mass.\bpubaddr{}Addison-Wesley%
\bibbdsep{} 1994}}{{The LaTeX Companion}{}{}{2}{}{}{}{}{}}{\bibnf
{Goossens}{Michel}{M.}{}{}\Bibbfsasep\bibnf{Mittelbach}{Frank}{F.}%
{}{}\Bibbstasep\bibnf{Samarin}{Alexander}{A.}{}{}}{\bibtfont{The
LaTeX Companion}.\ \apyformat{Reading, Mass.\bpubaddr{}
Addison-Wesley\bibbdsep{} 1994}}}
       
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  
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      
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   
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     
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         
      
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            
           
              

            
               
            
\bibliography
          
 
\addbibresource
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   
           
\printbibliography
\documentclass{...}
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\begin{document}
\cite{...}
...
\printbibliography
\end{document}
          
bbl
  
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 
\bibcite
     

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
latex
         

\bibstyle

\bibdata
    
aux

  
bcf
    
\citation

             
          
bst
 
         \bibstyle 
  \bibstyle{biblatex}


biber

bibtex
      
bib
     
\citation
    
         
bbl
  
         
aux
 
bbl
             


latex
     
bbl
    
        
aux
    
             
 

        
            
           
        
@Book{companion,
author = {Michel Goossens and Frank Mittelbach and Alexander Samarin},
title = {The LaTeX Companion},
publisher = {Addison-Wesley},

 
defernumbers
           
               
                
      

address = {Reading, Mass.},
year = {1994},
}
             

\entry{companion}{book}{}
\labelname{author}{3}{}{%
{{uniquename=0,hash=...}{Goossens}{G.}{Michel}{M.}{}{}{}{}}%
{{uniquename=0,hash=...}{Mittelbach}{M.}{Frank}{F.}{}{}{}{}}%
{{uniquename=0,hash=...}{Samarin}{S.}{Alexander}{A.}{}{}{}{}}%
}
\name{author}{3}{}{%
{{uniquename=0,hash=...}{Goossens}{G.}{Michel}{M.}{}{}{}{}}%
{{uniquename=0,hash=...}{Mittelbach}{M.}{Frank}{F.}{}{}{}{}}%
{{uniquename=0,hash=...}{Samarin}{S.}{Alexander}{A.}{}{}{}{}}%
}
\list{publisher}{1}{%
{Addison-Wesley}%
}
\list{location}{1}{%
{Reading, Mass.}%
}
\field{title}{The LaTeX Companion}
\field{year}{1994}
\endentry
              
   
bib
         
             
            
    
4.2 Bibliography Styles
              
        
bbx
    
              
            
 
biblatex.def
           
     
4.2.1 Bibliography Style Files
            
        bbx 
\ProvidesFile{example.bbx}[2006/03/15 v1.0 biblatex bibliography style]
\defbibenvironment{bibliography}
{...}

{...}
{...}
\defbibenvironment{shorthand}
{...}
{...}
{...}
\InitializeBibliographyStyle{...}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{article}{...}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{book}{...}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{inbook}{...}
...
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{shorthand}{...}
\endinput
            
\RequireBibliographyStyle{hstylei}
           
           style.bbx
\InitializeBibliographyStyle{hcodei}
 
hcodei
         
             
            
             
           
       
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{hentrytypei}{hcodei}
             
           
   
hentrytypei
      
bib
        
hentrytypei
 
                 
         
hcodei
  
       
hentrytypei
 
            
\DeclareBibliographyAlias{haliasi}{hentrytypei}
              
        
hentrytypei
  
                 
       
\DeclareBibliographyOption{hkeyi}[hvaluei]{hcodei}
      
hkeyi=hvaluei
 
hkeyi
    
hcodei
       
              
hcodei

#1
 
hvaluei
              
             


\DeclareBibliographyOption{somekey}[true]{...}
 somekey       somekey=true
\DeclareEntryOption{hkeyi}[hvaluei]{hcodei}
 
\DeclareBibliographyOption
    
      
options
    
hcodei

             
    
4.2.2 Bibliography Environments
          
           
      
\defbibenvironment
 

\printbibliography
  
bibliography
  
             

\defbibenvironment{bibliography}
{\list
{}
{\setlength{\leftmargin}{\bibhang}%
\setlength{\itemindent}{-\leftmargin}%
\setlength{\itemsep}{\bibitemsep}%
\setlength{\parsep}{\bibparsep}}}
{\endlist}
{\item}
   
list
     
\bibhang
           
  
\bibitemsep

\bibparsep
   
          
authoryear

authortitle         
\defbibenvironment{bibliography}
{\list
{\printfield[labelnumberwidth]{labelnumber}}
{\setlength{\labelwidth}{\labelnumberwidth}%
\setlength{\leftmargin}{\labelwidth}%
\setlength{\labelsep}{\biblabelsep}%
\addtolength{\leftmargin}{\labelsep}%
\setlength{\itemsep}{\bibitemsep}%
\setlength{\parsep}{\bibparsep}}%
\renewcommand*{\makelabel}[1]{\hss##1}}
{\endlist}
{\item}
           
             
             
   
\list
          

       
labelnumber
   
            
    
numeric
     
 
alphabetic
    
labelnumber
 
 labelalpha  labelnumberwidth  labelalphawidth
       
\printbiblist
 
          
\printshorthands
  
shorthand
   
               
    
\defbibenvironment{shorthand}
{\list
{\printfield[shorthandwidth]{shorthand}}
{\setlength{\labelwidth}{\shorthandwidth}%
\setlength{\leftmargin}{\labelwidth}%
\setlength{\labelsep}{\biblabelsep}%
\addtolength{\leftmargin}{\labelsep}%
\setlength{\itemsep}{\bibitemsep}%
\setlength{\parsep}{\bibparsep}%
\renewcommand*{\makelabel}[1]{##1\hss}}}
{\endlist}
{\item}
4.2.3 Bibliography Drivers
             
               
             
            
@book
 
              
               
          
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{book}{%
\printnames{author}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{title}%
\newunit\newblock
\printlist{publisher}%
\newunit
\printlist{location}%
\newunit
\printfield{year}%
\finentry}
       
begentry

finentry
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{entrytype}{%
\usebibmacro{begentry}
...
\usebibmacro{finentry}}

   
\newbibmacro*{begentry}{}
\newbibmacro*{finentry}{\finentry}
              
 
     
book
      
     
\printnames
\printlist
 
\printfield
            
            
               
             
\emph 
\DeclareFieldFormat{title}{\emph{#1}}
            
             
              
             
                  
 
\DeclareListFormat{location}{%
#1%
\ifthenelse{\value{listcount}<\value{liststop}}
{\addcomma\space}
{}}
             
            
              
            
 
#1
    
#3
        
\DeclareNameFormat{author}{%
\ifthenelse{\value{listcount}=1}
{#1%
\ifblank{#3}{}{\addcomma\space #3}}
{\ifblank{#3}{}{#3\space}%
#1}%
\ifthenelse{\value{listcount}<\value{liststop}}
{\addcomma\space}
{}}
             
            
              
               
            
              
             
                 
\ifthenelse  

4.2.4 Special Fields
              
       
bib
    
             
      bib 
4.2.4.1 Generic Fields
  
       
bib
         
       bib 
  
              
@set
       
entrykey
  
                

childentrykey
          
  
    
            
\DeclareLabeldate
       
eventdate
 
datelabelsource
    
\DeclareLabeldate
 
date
 
datelabelsource
        
                 
 
datelabelsource
        

\DeclareLabeldate
 
\DeclareLabeldate
 
     
datelabelsource
   

labeldate
      
\DeclareLabeldate

           
\DeclareLabeldate
            
datelabelsource
          
\iffieldundef{datalabelsource}
{
% labeldate package option is not set or \DeclareLabeldate resolved to a literal string
}
{
\iffieldundef{\thefield{datelabelsource}}
{
% datelabelsource contains a date field name prefix like ””, ”event”, ”url” or ”orig”
}
{
% datelabelsource contains a non-date field
}
}
  
   @book@inbook     

  
              
@set
       
entrytype
  
                

childentrytype
          
  
  
               
  1            
    
              
              
           
namehash

fullhash
  
      
labelname
    
           
        
namehash
 
\savefield
      
\iffieldequals
     

namehash
    
labelname
     
 maxnames  minnames   hash  fullhash
  
      
labelname
   

namehash
    
shortauthor

shorteditor

              
 maxnames  minnames   hash  namehash
  
 
backref
           
           
refsection
            
  
            
         sortinithash
    
            
           
            
      \bibinitsep   
    
               
       
related
    
   

4.2.4.2 Fields for Use in Citation Labels
  
              
alpha.bst
          
 
labelname
          
label
          
label
  
               

labelalpha
 
shorthand
       
  
labelalpha
 
shorthand
   
            
 
             
         
labelalpha

extraalpha
  
labelalpha

extraalpha
   
    
labelalpha
   
extraalpha
   \labelalphaothers   
  
             
              
        
extraalpha
   
        \mknumalph     
        
extrayear
   
      
labelalpha

extraalpha
  
labelalpha

extraalpha
      
 
labelalpha
       
labelalpha

 
\labelalphaothers
      
extra*
     
  
              
shortauthor

author
 
shorteditor
 
editor
  
translator
 
               
          
useauthor
useeditor

usetranslator
          
              
            
 
  
  
            

shorthand
           
   
labelnumber
       
                
      
labelnumber
     
     defernumbers   
  
 
prefixnumbers
 
\printbibliography
    
              

  
prefixnumber
        
  
prefixnumber
       

prefixnumbers
 
\printbibliography
    
 
shorthand
          
prefixnumber
        
prefixnumber
  
  
               
              
     
shorttitle
       
title
         
labeltitle  
          
extratitle
  
     
labeltitle
       
extratitle
   
extratitleyear
    
    labeltitleyear   extratitleyear
  
             
          
labelname

 
labeltitle
 
extratitle
      
    
\mknumalph
        
                   
  
labeltitle
         
   
labeltitle
  
labelname
  
  
extratitle
        
labeltitle
       
labeltitle
 
  extra*      
  
              
                
 
labeltitle
   
labelyear
 
extratitleyear
           
\mknumalph

                  
           
labelyear

            
labeltitle

labelyear
     
extratitleyear
   
    
labeltitleyear
      

labeltitleyear
   
extra*

    
  
      
date
 
year
    
         
labelyear

extrayear
  
labelyear

extrayear
    
    
labeldate
       
extrayear
           
 
  

  
      
date
 
month
   
    
labelmonth
      
 
labeldate
          
 
          
  
      
date
       

labelday
        
labeldate
               
 
    
  
            
             
          
extrayear
  
        
\mknumalph
  
                
            
      
labelyear

extrayear
  
labelyear

extrayear
      
 
labeldate
       
labelyear
 
   extra*      
4.2.4.3 Date Component Fields
          
bib
     
           
origdate
 
   
\iffieldundef{origyear}{...}{...}
             
\iffieldundef{origendyear}{...}{...}
              

\iffieldequalstr{origendyear}{}{...}{...}
             
      
endyear
    

endyear
          

  
       
date
        
      

bib File Data Interface
Field Value (Example) Field Value (Example)
date  day 
month 
year 
endday 
endmonth 
endyear 
date  day 
month 
year 
endday 
endmonth 
endyear 
urldate  urlday 
urlmonth 
urlyear 
urlendday 
urlendmonth 
urlendyear 
origdate  origday 
origmonth 
origyear 
origendday 
origendmonth 
origendyear 
eventdate  eventday 
eventmonth 
eventyear 
eventendday 
eventendmonth 
eventendyear 
Table 8: Date Interface

  
   
month
           
 
date
              

  
   
year
            
 date                
  
     
date
         
   
  
     
date
        
    
  
     
date
         
        
endyear
   
 date 
  
       
origdate
       
       
  
       
origdate
      
        
  
       
origdate
       
       
  
     
origdate
        
    
  
     
origdate
        
    
  
     
origdate
        
        
origendyear

    origdate 

  
       
eventdate
      
        
  
       
eventdate
      
        
  
       
eventdate
      
        
  
     
eventdate
        
    
  
     
eventdate
        
    
  
     
eventdate
        
        
eventendyear

    eventdate 
  
        urldate 
  
        urldate 
  
        urldate 
  
     
urldate
        
    
  
     
urldate
        
    
  
     
urldate
        
        
urlendyear
 
   urldate 

4.3 Citation Styles
         
\cite
    
         
cbx
  
               
            
   
biblatex.def
         
              
   
4.3.1 Citation Style Files
            
         cbx 
\ProvidesFile{example.cbx}[2006/03/15 v1.0 biblatex citation style]
\DeclareCiteCommand{\cite}{...}{...}{...}{...}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\parencite}[\mkbibparens]{...}{...}{...}{...}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\footcite}[\mkbibfootnote]{...}{...}{...}{...}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\textcite}{...}{...}{...}{...}
\endinput
\RequireCitationStyle{hstylei}
             
         style.cbx
\InitializeCitationStyle{hcodei}
 
hcodei
        
           
\citereset
      
\citereset
    
          
\ifciteseen
\ifentryseen
\ifciteibid
 
\ifciteidem
    
   
refsection
        
   refsection 
\OnManualCitation{hcodei}
 
hcodei
         
      
\mancite
       
          
            
    
\mancite
    
           
\ifciteibid
 \ifciteidem     
\DeclareCiteCommand{hcommandi}[hwrapperi]{hprecodei}{hloopcodei}{hsepcodei}{hpostcodei}
\DeclareCiteCommand*{hcommandi}[hwrapperi]{hprecodei}{hloopcodei}{hsepcodei}{hpostcodei}
              
    
hcommandi
      


\cite
  
hwrapperi
      
   
hwrapperi
         
  


hprecodei
       
        
hprenotei
  
  
prenote
          

hloopcodei
 
hloopcodei
         
  
hcommandi
           
  
hsepcodei
          
hloopcodei
              
hcommandi

hsepcodei
            
 
hpostcodei
           

hpostcodei
   
hpostnotei
    

postnote


   
\DeclareCiteCommand

 
hcommandi
 
\DeclareCiteCommand*{cite}

 \cite*
\DeclareMultiCiteCommand{hcommandi}[hwrapperi]{hcitei}{hdelimiteri}
       
hcommandi
  
      
\cites
    
           
\DeclareCiteCommand
 
hcitei
      
              
 hwrapperi   \DeclareCiteCommand    

hwrapperi
      
hdelimiteri

               
  
\multicitedelim
     
  biblatex.def
\DeclareMultiCiteCommand{\cites}%
{\cite}{\multicitedelim}
\DeclareMultiCiteCommand{\parencites}[\mkbibparens]%
{\parencite}{\multicitedelim}
\DeclareMultiCiteCommand{\footcites}[\mkbibfootnote]%
{\footcite}{\multicitedelim}
\DeclareAutoCiteCommand{hnamei}[hpositioni]{hcitei}{hmulticitei}
     
\autocite

\autocites

         
autocite
 
   
hnamei
          
           

\parencite

\parencites
 
hcitei

hmulticitei

      
hcitei
  
\autocite

      \mkbibparens  \mkbibfootnote

     
hloopcodei
        
             
hprecodei
      
   
hpostcodei
            
 
sortcites
               
      hsepcodei

     
\DeclareCiteCommand
     
hcommandi
            
           

hmulticitei
 
\autocites
 
hpositioni
   
         
l
r
f
r

                 

l
            
 
f
 
r
    
l
    
   
r
 
\DeclareAutoPunctuation
    
autopunct
          
  biblatex.def
\DeclareAutoCiteCommand{plain}{\cite}{\cites}
\DeclareAutoCiteCommand{inline}{\parencite}{\parencites}
\DeclareAutoCiteCommand{footnote}[l]{\footcite}{\footcites}
\DeclareAutoCiteCommand{footnote}[f]{\smartcite}{\smartcites}
           
    
\ExecuteBibliographyOptions{autocite=name}
4.3.2 Special Fields
              
  
bib
         
            
bib
    
  

hprenotei
          
        
hprenotei
  
     
  

hpostnotei
          
        
hpostnotei
  
     
  

hmultiprenotei
         
         
hmultiprenotei
 
      
  

hmultipostnotei
         
         
hmultipostnotei
 
      
   
           
             
        
\DeclareAutoPunctuation
     

4.4 Data Interface
             
         
4.4.1 Data Commands
            
               
  
\printfield[hformati]{hfieldi}
   
hfieldi
   
hformati
  

\DeclareFieldFormat
  
hformati
   
          
hfieldi
      
hformati
 
\printfield

             
title
   
  
hformati
          
title

           
             
default
 
   
\printfield
       
  \currentfield      
\printlist[hformati][hstarti–hstopi]{hliteral listi}
       
hliteral listi
    
hstarti
    
hstopi
 
hstarti

hstopi
   
           
hformati
  
\DeclareListFormat
  
hformati
 
         
  
hliteral listi
      
hformati
 
\printlist
              
          
          
default
    
hstarti
   
hstopi
         
      
hmaxitemsi
hstopi
 
hminitemsi

 
\printnames
    
\printlist

         
\currentlist
  
  
\printnames[hformati][hstarti–hstopi]{hname listi}
       
hname listi
    
hstarti
    
hstopi
 
hstarti

hstopi
   
           
hformati
  
\DeclareNameFormat
  
hformati
 
         
  
hname listi
      
hformati
 
\printnames
              
          
          
default
    
hstarti
   
hstopi
        
   \printfield{title}    \printfield[title]{title}

       
hmaxnamesi
hstopi
 
hminnamesi
                 
         
\printnames[][1-3]{...}
 
hstarti

hstopi
        

\printnames[...][-1]{...}
\printnames[...][2-]{...}
\printnames[...][1-3]{...}
    
hmaxnamesi

hminnamesi
     
      listtotal      
\printnames[...][-\value{listtotal}]{...}

\printnames

\printlist
    
          
listtotal

         
listcount
  
     
liststart
 
hstarti
 

\printnames

\printlist
liststop
 
hstopi
 
        
listtotal
  
      
\printnames

\printlist
 
             
               
             

author
        
author
 
   
listtotal
       
      
maxnames

minnames
  
maxitems

minitems
       
              
\printnames
          
\currentname      
\printtext[hformati]{htexti}
  
htexti
         
         
htexti

            
   \newblock  \newunit     
\printfield

\printnames
  
\bibstring
  
             
           
              

hformati
          
htexti
              
             

hformati
       
      
hformati
  
htexti
  
        

\printfile[hformati]{hfilei}
    
\printtext
       
     
hfilei
        
     
\printfile
 
\input
  
hfilei
     
\printfile
   
hformati

         
hfilei
  
hformati
        
      hformati   hfilei     
           
loadfiles
     \printfile     
\printdate
            
date

month
year
        
date
  
           
date
            
       \printtext 
\printdateextra
 
\printdate
  
extrayear
    
          
\printdatelabel
 
\printdate
      
\DeclareLabeldate
        

datelabel
         
   datelabel  
\printdateextralabel
 
\printdatelabel
  
extrayear
 
           

\printurldate
 
\printdate
  
urldate
      
    
urldate
    
        urldate  
\printorigdate
 
\printdate
  
origdate
      
    
origdate
    
        origdate  
\printeventdate
 
\printdate
  
eventdate
     
     
eventdate
    
        eventdate  
\indexfield[hformati]{hfieldi}
    
\printfield
  
hfieldi
  
        
hformati
  
\DeclareIndexFieldFormat
  
hformati
   
       
hfieldi
    
  
hformati
 
\indexfield
      
             
               
default    

\indexlist[hformati][hstarti–hstopi]{hliteral listi}
    
\printlist
        
         
hformati
  

\DeclareIndexListFormat
  
hformati
  
           
hliteral listi
       
hformati
 
\indexlist
              
           
          default    
\indexnames[hformati][hstarti–hstopi]{hname listi}
    
\printnames
        
         
hformati
  

\DeclareIndexNameFormat
  
hformati
  
           
hname listi
       
hformati
 
\indexnames
              
           
          default    
\entrydata{hkeyi}{hcodei}
\entrydata*{hkeyi}{hcodei}
  
\printfield
       
    
\entrydata
    
hkeyi

         
hcodei
      
                
        
autolang

     
\entrydata*
     
           
 
saved
           
hcodei
 
author
     
hkeyi
   
     
savedauthor
 
author
  
    
author
 
hkeyi
 
savedauthor
 
       
\entryset{hprecodei}{hpostcodei}
         
@set
 
           
entryset
  
             
\usedriver
        
hprecodei
 
            
hpostcodei
 
           
               

\DeclareFieldInputHandler{hfieldi}{hcodei}
           
hfieldi
   
 
.bbl
 
hcodei
  
\NewValue
    
      volumes       

\DeclareFieldInputHandler{volumes}{\def\NewValue{}}
     
\DeclareSourcemap
    
            
          
hcodei
  

\DeclareListInputHandler{hlisti}{hcodei}

\DeclareFieldInputHandler
    
hcodei
  
\NewValue
      
\NewCount
   
   
\DeclareNameInputHandler{hnamei}{hcodei}

\DeclareFieldInputHandler
    
hcodei
  
\NewValue
     
\NewCount
   
     
\NewOption
   
   .bbl
4.4.2 Formaing Directives
           
              
 biblatex.def
\DeclareFieldFormat[hentrytype, …i]{hformati}{hcodei}
\DeclareFieldFormat*{hformati}{hcodei}
   
hformati
    
hcodei

  
\printfield
         
hcodei
             
   
hcodei

\currentfield
 
hentrytypei
  
      
hentrytypei
    
              
      
\DeclareListFormat[hentrytype, …i]{hformati}{hcodei}
\DeclareListFormat*{hformati}{hcodei}
    
hformati
    
hcodei
          
\printlist
  
    
hcodei
          
       
hcodei

\currentlist
 
hentrytypei
         
hentrytypei

            
             
                   
listcount
     
liststop
    
            


\DeclareNameFormat[hentrytype, …i]{hformati}{hcodei}
\DeclareNameFormat*{hformati}{hcodei}
    
hformati
    
hcodei

         
\printnames
 
hentrytypei
         
hentrytypei
   
              
hcodei       
#1
              
        
#2      
#3          
#4      
#5
              
               
 
#6      
#7
           
               
   
#8      
               
   
\ifblank
         
            
hcodei

\currentname
         
             
                   
listcount
     
liststop
     
             
  
\DeclareIndexFieldFormat[hentrytype, …i]{hformati}{hcodei}
\DeclareIndexFieldFormat*{hformati}{hcodei}
   
hformati
    
hcodei

  
\indexfield
         
hcodei
             
   
hcodei

\currentfield
 
hentrytypei
  
      
hentrytypei
    
       
\DeclareFieldFormat
 
    
hcodei
          
 
\indexfield
  
hcodei
    
hcodei
 
\index
            
         
\DeclareIndexListFormat[hentrytype, …i]{hformati}{hcodei}
\DeclareIndexListFormat*{hformati}{hcodei}
    
hformati
    
hcodei

         
\indexlist
   

   
hcodei
           
     
hcodei

\currentlist
 
hentrytypei
 
        
hentrytypei
    
        
\DeclareListFormat

      
hcodei
       
    
\indexlist
  
hcodei
    
hcodei
 
\index
         
            
\DeclareIndexNameFormat[hentrytype, …i]{hformati}{hcodei}
\DeclareIndexNameFormat*{hformati}{hcodei}
    
hformati
    
hcodei

         
\indexnames
   
        
hcodei

\currentname
 
hentrytypei
         
hentrytypei
             
   
hcodei
        
\DeclareNameFormat
      
hcodei
  
         
\indexnames
  
hcodei
    
hcodei
 
\index
     
             
  
\DeclareFieldAlias[hentry typei]{haliasi}[hformat entry typei]{hformati}

haliasi
       
hformati
 
hentrytypei

        
hformat entry typei
   
              
  
\DeclareListAlias[hentry typei]{haliasi}[hformat entry typei]{hformati}

haliasi
        
hformati
 
hentrytypei
         
hformat entry typei
  
               
  
\DeclareNameAlias[hentry typei]{haliasi}[hformat entry typei]{hformati}

haliasi
        
hformati
 
hentrytypei
         
hformat entry typei
  
               
  
\DeclareIndexFieldAlias[hentry typei]{haliasi}[hformat entry typei]{hformati}

haliasi
       
hformati
 
hentrytypei

        
hformat entry typei
   
              
  

\DeclareIndexListAlias[hentry typei]{haliasi}[hformat entry typei]{hformati}

haliasi
        
hformati
 
hentrytypei
         
hformat entry typei
  
               
  
\DeclareIndexNameAlias[hentry typei]{haliasi}[hformat entry typei]{hformati}

haliasi
        
hformati
 
hentrytypei
         
hformat entry typei
  
               
  
4.5 Customization
4.5.1 Related Entries
       
          
       
       
        
   
related
relatedtype
relatedstring

relatedoptions

                
              
          
              
           
              
related:hrelatedtypei            
      
related:default
    
    related:hrelatedtypei        
              
related   
                
            
              
   relatedtype  relatedstring     
relatedstring        relatedtype   
           
                 
              
      
           
related
             
 
\usebibmacro{related}
      

               
         
relatedtype

 
translationof
 
translatedas
    
    
hrelatedtypeis
    
        
related
 
       
hrelatedtypei
 
   
related:hrelatedtypei
 
biblatex.def

             
  
\entrydata*
        
             
        
biblatex-examples.
bib
          
         
4.5.2 Dynamic Modification of Data
           
                 
                
            
              
           
             
       
user    \DeclareSourcemap→
user          →
style    \DeclareStyleSourcemap→
driver    \DeclareDriverSourcemap
\DeclareSourcemap{hspecificationi} 
            
    
      
     
     
    
           
 
           
     \addresource 
            

hspecificationi
    
\maps
   
              
          
hspecificationi
 
              
        

\maps{helementsi}
    
\map
         
       
datatype=bibtexbiblatexmlris
zoterordfxmlendnotexml
 bibtex
       \map    
overwrite=truefalse  false
            
          
false
  
overwrite    overwrite=true
\map{hrestrictions,stepsi}
       
\step
    
               
             
   \map 
overwrite=truefalse
      
\maps
      
              
\maps
     
overwrite
  
overwrite=
true
\perdatasource{hdatasourcei}
 
\step
  
\map
     
hdatasourcei

hdatasourcei
       
\addresource

        \perdatasource 
    \map 
\pertype{hentrytypei}
 
\step
  
\map
     
hentrytypei
 \pertype      \map 
\step
            
           
             
             
       
typesource=hentrytypei
typetarget=hentrytypei
fieldsource=hentryfieldi
fieldtarget=hentryfieldi
match=hregexpi
notmatch=hregexpi

replace=hregexpi
fieldset=hentryfieldi
fieldvalue=hstringi
append=truefalse  false
final=truefalse  false
null=truefalse  false
origfield=truefalse  false
origfieldval=truefalse  false
origentrytype=truefalse  false
  
\step
   
option
  
option=
true        

entrynull
    
\map
  
                
             
  
 
typesource hentrytypei
 
typetarget hentrytypei
 
 
final

true
  
hentrytypei
    
typesource     \map  
 
fieldsource hentryfieldi

fieldtarget
  
final

true
    
fieldsource hentryfieldi
  
    \map  

match
  
replace
       
fieldsource hentryfieldi
 
match
   
   
notmatch


    
        
fieldvalue
 
               
           
fieldsource hentryfieldi match  replace  

fieldset
     
hentryfieldi
     
     
overwrite
      
           
final
  
             
append
             
hentryfieldi
               

◦fieldvalue
 
fieldset hentryfieldi
   
fieldvalue
hstringi
◦null
 
fieldset hentryfieldi
         

◦origentrytype
 
fieldset hentryfieldi
     
  typesource hentrytypei
◦origfield
 
fieldset hentryfieldi
     
 fieldsource hentryfieldi

               
   

◦origfieldval
 
fieldset hentryfieldi
     
 fieldsource 
         
entrykey

fieldsource
           
    fieldsetfieldtarget    replace
\DeclareStyleSourcemap{hspecificationi} 
             
      
\DeclareSourcemap
 
         
\DeclareSourcemap
             
             
\DeclareDriverSourcemap
         
        
\DeclareDriverSourcemap[hdatatype=driveri]{hspecificationi} 
          
hdriveri
       
 
\DeclareSourcemap
    
\DeclareStyleSourcemap
      
            
       
\DeclareSourcemap
 
  
\DeclareStyleSourcemap
     
   
hspecificationi
    
\DeclareSourcemap
  
\maps
 
hspecificationi
    
\map

 
\DeclareDriverSourcemap
     
        
      
\DeclareSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map{
\perdatasource{example1.bib}
\perdatasource{example2.bib}
\step[fieldset=keywords, fieldvalue={keyw1, keyw2}]
\step[fieldsource=entrykey]
\step[fieldset=note, origfieldval]
}
}
}
   
keywords
       
note

            
examples1.bib

examples2.bib 
\DeclareSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map{
\step[fieldsource=title]

\step[fieldset=note, origfieldval]
}
}
}
  title    note    note   
\DeclareSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map{
\step[typesource=chat, typetarget=customa, final]
\step[fieldset=type, origentrytype]
}
}
}

chat
  
customa
   
 
type
     
type
     

overwrite
          

@chat
    
final
    
typesource
 
       \map  
\DeclareSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map{
\perdatasource{examples.bib}
\pertype{article}
\pertype{book}
\step[fieldset=abstract, null]
\step[fieldset=note, fieldvalue={Auto-created this field}]
}
}
}
   
@article

@book
 
examples.bib

   
abstract
   
note
  
   
\DeclareSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map{
\step[fieldset=abstract, null]
\step[fieldsource=conductor, fieldtarget=namea]
\step[fieldsource=gps, fieldtarget=usera]
}
}
}
 
abstract
    
conductor
 
namea    gps   usera 
\DeclareSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{

\map{
\step[fieldsource=pubmedid, fieldtarget=eprint, final]
\step[fieldset=eprinttype, origfield]
\step[fieldset=userd, fieldvalue={Some string of things}]
}
}
}
    
pubmed
  
pubmedid
 
eprint
  
eprinttype
      
userd
 
     
\DeclareSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map{
\step[fieldsource=series,
match=\regexp{\A\d*(.+)},
replace=\regexp{\L$1}]
}
}
}
    
series
      
          
            
\regexp

         
\DeclareSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map{
\step[fieldsource=maintitle,
match=\regexp{Collected\s+Works.+Freud},
final]
\step[fieldset=keywords, fieldvalue=freud]
}
}
}
     
maintitle
     
               
 
\DeclareSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map{
\step[fieldsource=lista, match=\regexp{regexp}, final]
\step[fieldset=lista, null]
}
}
}
    
lista
        


\DeclareSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map[overwrite=false]{
\step[fieldsource=author]
\step[fieldset=editor, origfieldval, final]
\step[fieldsource=editor, match=\regexp{\A(.+?)\s+and.*}, replace={$1}]
}
}
}
    
author
   
sortname
   
author
   
sortname
    
sortname
        
\DeclareSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map{
\step[fieldsource=author,
match={Smith, Bill},
replace={Smith, William}]
\step[fieldsource=author,
match={Jones, Baz},
replace={Jones, Barry}]
}
}
}
            
     
\step
  
map
  
       
\step
    
    
\regexp
       
            
         
    
     
\regexp
     
         \regexp  
\DeclareSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map{
\step[fieldsource=author,
match=\regexp{Smith,\s+Bill},
replace=\regexp{Smith,\x20William}]
\step[fieldsource=author,
match=\regexp{Jones,\s+Baz},
replace=\regexp{Jones,\x20Barry}]
}
}
}
        
\x20
     
   

\DeclareSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map[overwrite]{
\step[fieldsource=author, match={Doe,}, final]
\step[fieldset=shortauthor, origfieldval]
\step[fieldset=sortname, origfieldval]
\step[fieldsource=shortauthor,
match=\regexp{Doe,\s*(?:\.|ohn)(?:[-]*)(?:P\.|Paul)*},
replace={Doe, John Paul}]
\step[fieldsource=sortname,
match=\regexp{Doe,\s*(?:\.|ohn)(?:[-]*)(?:P\.|Paul)*},
replace={Doe, John Paul}]
}
}
}
     
author
    
author
     
shortauthor

sortname
  
             
          
\DeclareSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map[overwrite]{
\step[fieldsource=verba, final]
\step[fieldset=verbb, fieldvalue=/, append]
\step[fieldset=verbb, origfieldval, append]
\step[fieldsource=verbb, final]
\step[fieldset=verbc, fieldvalue=/, append]
\step[fieldset=verbc, origfieldval, append]
}
}
}
           
append
     
verba
       
 
verbb
    
verba
   
verbb
 
     
verbc
    
verbb
 
  verbc 
\DeclareSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map[overwrite]{
\step[fieldset=autourl, fieldvalue={http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=”}]
\step[fieldsource=title]
\step[fieldset=autourl, origfieldval, append]
\step[fieldset=autourl, fieldvalue={”+author:}, append]
\step[fieldsource=author, match=\regexp{\A([^,]+)\s*,}]
\step[fieldset=autourl, fieldvalue={$1}, append]
\step[fieldset=autourl, fieldvalue={&as_ylo=}, append]
\step[fieldsource=year]
\step[fieldset=autourl, origfieldval, append]

\step[fieldset=autourl, fieldvalue={&as_yhi=}, append]
\step[fieldset=autourl, origfieldval, append]
}
}
}
        
autourl
  
               
          
              
        
match
  
fieldvalue
      
author
 
               
        
\DeclareSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map{
\step[fieldsource=title, match={A Title}, final]
\step[entrynull]
}
}
}
    title        
4.5.3 Data Model Specification
\BiberOnlyMark
          
   
           

        
            

          
blx-dm.def

             
               
            
             
             
              
             
            
    
            
      --validate_datamodel   

     
        
           
              
.dbx
            
     
style
     
     
.dbx
   
.cbx

.bbx
  
  
style
      
citestyle

bibstyle
       
.dbx
 
‘citestyle’.dbx

‘bibstyle’.dbx
         
            
.dbx
   
datamodel
     
        
biblatex-dm.cfg

             
biblatex.cfg
          
        
blx-dm.def→
‘datamodel option’.dbx →
‘style option’.dbx →
‘citestyle option’.dbx  ‘bibstyle option’.dbx →
biblatex-dm.cfg
                 
            
                
              
 
\DeclareDatamodelEntrytypes[hoptionsi]{hentrytypesi} 
    
hentrytypesi
      
              
       
skipout=truefalse  false
      
.bbl
    
          @xdata
\DeclareDatamodelFields[hoptionsi]{hfieldsi} 
    
hfieldsi
       
  
hoptionsi
 
htypei

hdatatypei
 
   hoptionsi
type=hfield typei
               
format=hfield formati
             
             

      
xsvsep
     
   
datatype=hfield datatypei
               
nullok=truefalse  false
        
skipout=truefalse  false
      
.bbl
      
             
         
label=truefalse  false
               
              
     
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields[hentrytypesi]{hfieldsi} 
     
hfieldsi
    
 
hentrytypesi
 
hentrytypesi
         
              
      
\DeclareDatamodelConstraints[hentrytypesi]{hspecificationi} 
    
hentrytypesi
       
 
hspecificationi
    
\constraint

             
   hspecificationi     
\constraint[htype=constrainypei]{helementsi}
     hconstrainypei    
type=datamandatoryconditional
              
           
         
 
datatype=integerisbnissnismndatepattern
    hdatai        
rangemin=hnumi
  
htypei
 
hdatatypei
     
  hnumi
rangemax=hnumi
  
htypei
 
hdatatypei
     
  hnumi

pattern=hpai
  
htypei
 
hdatatypei
    
   
hpai
        
  \regexp   
\constraint       
\constraintfieldsor{hfieldsi}
  
htypei
        
   \constraintfield
\constraintfieldsxor{hfieldsi}
  
htypei
        
   \constraintfield
\antecedent[hquantifier=quantspeci]{hfieldsi}
  
htypei
     
\constraintfield
      
\consequent
     hquantspeci      
quantifier=allonenone
    
\constrainfield
  
\antecedent

          
\consequent[hquantifier=quantspeci]{hfieldsi}
  
htypei
     
\constraintfield
       
\antecedent
    
hquantspeci
      
quantifier=allonenone
    
\constraintfield
  
\consequent

          
\constraintfield{hfieldi}
  
htypei
     
hfieldi
 
 htypei      hfieldi
             
           
              
            
         biblatex-dm.cfg 
\ResetDatamodelEntrytypes
     
\ResetDatamodelFields
     

\ResetDatamodelEntryfields
       
\ResetDatamodelConstraints
      
              
blx-dm.def      
\ResetDatamodelEntrytypes
\ResetDatamodelFields
\ResetDatamodelEntryfields
\ResetDatamodelConstraints
\DeclareDatamodelEntrytypes{entrytype1, entrytype2}
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=field, datatype=literal]{field1,field2,field3,field4}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{field1}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields[entrytype1]{field2,field3}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields[entrytype2]{field2,field3,field4}
\DeclareDatamodelConstraints[entrytype1]{
\constraint[type=data, datatype=integer, rangemin=3, rangemax=10]{
\constraintfield{field1}
}
\constraint[type=mandatory]{
\constraintfield{field1}
\constraintfieldsxor{
\constraintfield{field2}
\constraintfield{field3}
}
}
}
\DeclareDatamodelConstraints{
\constraint[type=conditional]{
\antecedent[quantifier=none]{
\constraintfield{field2}
}
\consequent[quantifier=all]{
\constraintfield{field3}
\constraintfield{field4}
}
}
}
  
     
    @entrytype1  @entrytype2

    
field1     
field2  field3    entrytype1
field2field3  field4    @entrytype2
 @entrytype1
–field1        
–field1   
–     field2  field3   
   
field2
  
field3

field4
 

4.5.4 Labels
            
              
            
         
\DeclareLabelalphaTemplate[hentrytype, …i]{hspecificationi} 
           
             
hspecificationi
    
\labelelement
  
              
    
hspecificationi
     
       
\labelelement{helementsi}
        
helementsi
  
 
\field

\literal
        
    
\field

\literal
    
    
\labelelement
   
\labelelement
    
\field[hoptionsi]{hfieldi}

hfieldi
       
\labelelement
   
    
hfieldi
       
             
               
    
hfieldi
   
\labelelement
  
          
final=truefalse  false
   
\field
      
hspecificationi
 
hfieldi
              
hspecificationi
     
final
  
final=
true

lowercase=truefalse  false
               
      
strwidth=hintegeri 1
     
hfieldi
      
useprefix=
true            
strside=leftright  left
          strwidth   
padside=leftright  right
        
padchar
    
   strwidth
padchar=hcharacteri
       
padside
     
  
strwidth
       
strwidth

uppercase=truefalse  false
               
      
varwidth=truefalse  false
         
hfieldi
 
              
       
hfieldi
   
              
            
        
strwidth
  
   
varwidth
  
varwidth=true
  
 
useprefix=true
          
 
varwidthnorm=truefalse  false

varwidth
       
hfieldi
  
            
         
strwidth
   
   varwidthnorm    varwidthnorm=true
varwidthlist=truefalse  false
           
             
    
varwidth
         
             
              
    
strwidth
      
varwidthlist
  
varwidthlist=true
   

useprefix=true
           

strwidthmax=hintegeri
 
varwidth
           
             

strfixedcount=hintegeri 1
 
varwidthnorm
    
strfixedcount

            
      
compound=truefalse  false
        
            
             
             
compound=true
  
compound=false
  
compound
   compound=true
ifnames=hintegeri
  
\field
        
ifnames

    
\labelelement
      

names=hintegeri
             
  
maxalphanames
minalphanames
   
               
                
 
form=originaltranslatedromanised
uniform
 original
              
lang=‘language specifier’  none
 
babel
polyglossia
       
        
hlangi
      
           
\literal{hcharactersi}
   hcharactersi     
               
        
              
         
               
   
            
  
shorthand

final=true
     
shorthand
               

label
              
   
ifnames=1
  
labelname
    
       
labelname
      
 
labelname
             
              
        year 

\DeclareLabelalphaTemplate{
\labelelement{
\field[final]{shorthand}
\field{label}
\field[strwidth=3,strside=left,ifnames=1]{labelname}
\field[strwidth=1,strside=left]{labelname}
}
\labelelement{
\field[strwidth=2,strside=right]{year}
}
}
             
  
Agassi, Chang, Laver (2000)
Agassi, Connors, Lendl (2001)
Agassi, Courier, Laver (2002)
Borg, Connors, Edberg (2003)
Borg, Connors, Emerson (2004)
     
\DeclareLabelalphaTemplate{
\labelelement{
\field[varwidth]{labelname}
}
}
    
Agassi, Chang, Laver [AChLa]
Agassi, Connors, Lendl [AConLe]
Agassi, Courier, Laver [ACouLa]
Borg, Connors, Edberg [BConEd]
Borg, Connors, Emerson [BConEm]
     
\DeclareLabelalphaTemplate{
\labelelement{
\field[varwidthnorm]{labelname}
}
}
              
          
Agassi, Chang, Laver [AChaLa]
Agassi, Connors, Lendl [AConLe]
Agassi, Courier, Laver [ACouLa]
Borg, Connors, Edberg [BConEd]
Borg, Connors, Emerson [BConEm]

             
  
\DeclareLabelalphaTemplate{
\labelelement{
\field[varwidthnorm,strwidthmax=2]{labelname}
}
}
              

Agassi, Chang, Laver [AChLa]
Agassi, Connors, Lendl [ACoLe]
Agassi, Courier, Laver [ACoLa]
Borg, Connors, Edberg [BCoEd]
Borg, Connors, Emerson [BCoEm]
            
\DeclareLabelalphaTemplate{
\labelelement{
\field[varwidthlist]{labelname}
}
}
   
Agassi, Chang, Laver [AChL]
Agassi, Connors, Lendl [ACoL]
Agassi, Courier, Laver [ACL]
Borg, Connors, Edberg [BCEd]
Borg, Connors, Emerson [BCE]
             
      
\DeclareLabelalphaTemplate{
\labelelement{
\field[varwidthlist,names=2]{labelname}
}
}
   
Agassi, Chang, Laver [ACh+]
Agassi, Connors, Lendl [ACo+]
Agassi, Courier, Laver [AC+]
Borg, Connors, Edberg [BC+a]
Borg, Connors, Emerson [BC+b]
      
\labelalphaothers
   
            

\extraalpha
           
  
        

\DeclareLabelalphaTemplate{
\labelelement{
\field[varwidthlist]{labelname}
}
\labelelement{
\literal{-}
}
\labelelement{
\field[strwidth=3,strside=right]{labelyear}
}
}
   
Agassi, Chang, Laver [AChL-000]
Agassi, Connors, Lendl [AConL-001]
Agassi, Courier, Laver [ACouL-002]
Borg, Connors, Edberg [BCEd-003]
Borg, Connors, Emerson [BCEm-004]
            
          
  
\DeclareLabelalphaTemplate{
\labelelement{
\literal{>}
}
\labelelement{
\literal{\%}
}
\labelelement{
\field[strwidth=4, padchar=_]{labelname}
}
\labelelement{
\field[strwidth=3, padchar=&, padside=left]{title}
}
\labelelement{
\field[strwidth=2,strside=right]{year}
}
}
 
@Book{test,
author = {XXX YY},
title = {T},
year = {2007},
}
      
[>%YY__&&T07]

4.5.5 Sorting
              
            
           
    
presort
      
            
\DeclareSortingScheme[hoptionsi]{hnamei}{hspecificationi} 
   
hnamei
 
hnamei
    

sorting
        
\DeclareSortingScheme
     

locale=hlocalei
             
 sortlocale     

hspecificationi
    
\sort
   
             
      
hspecificationi
    
        
\sort{helementsi}
        
helementsi
 
  
\field
\literal
 
\citeorder
  
                
           
\sort
   
            
\literal
          
\sort

 \sort      
locale=hlocalei
              
             
\DeclareSortingScheme
        
      sortlocale   
direction=ascendingdescending  ascending
      
ascending

descending
 
  
final=truefalse  false
   
\sort
      
hspecificationi
  
 helementsi      hspecificationi   
  final    final=true
sortcase=truefalse
            
sortcase 
sortupper=truefalse
         
true
   
  
false
       
sortupper


\field[hkey=value, …i]{hfieldi}

\field
  
hfieldi
     
hfieldi

     
\field
   
 
padside=leftright  left
    
left

right
 
padchar
    
padwidth
              
            
           
           
   
\field[padside=left,padwidth=2,padchar=0]{volume}
  
volume
           
      
01/02/11/12
    
 1/11/12/2
padwidth=hintegeri 4
    
padchar=hcharacteri 0
        
strside=leftright  left
     
left

right
     
        
strwidth
  
             
           
           
      
strwidth=hintegeri 4
     
\literal{hstringi}

\literal
   
hstringi
     
         
\citeorder

\citeorder
          
             
 
\cite{one,two}
             
             
            
          
none
 
\DeclareSortingScheme{none}{
\sort{\citeorder}
}

              
            
              
                
 year  
\DeclareSortingScheme{noneyear}{
\sort{\citeorder}
\sort{year}
}
            
            
     
none
     
           
     
\citeorder
     
              
 
              
        
author
 
editor
 
translator
         
       
title
   
useauthor
useeditor
 
usetranslator
  
   
\DeclareSortingScheme{sample}{
\sort{
\field{author}
\field{editor}
\field{translator}
}
\sort{
\field{title}
}
\sort{
\field{year}
}
}
              
   
presort
sortkey
sortname
   
sortkey
              
presort
    
final
  
sortkey
  
              
\sort
         
nty

\DeclareSortingScheme{nty}{
\sort{
\field{presort}
}
\sort[final]{

\field{sortkey}
}
\sort{
\field{sortname}
\field{author}
\field{editor}
\field{translator}
\field{sorttitle}
\field{title}
}
\sort{
\field{sorttitle}
\field{title}
}
\sort{
\field{sortyear}
\field{year}
}
}
             
        
origtitle
 
            
               
 sv_SE
\DeclareSortingScheme[locale=swedish]{custom}{
\sort{
\field{sortname}
\field{author}
\field{editor}
\field{translator}
\field{sorttitle}
\field{title}
}
\sort[locale=de_DE_phonebook]{
\field{origtitle}
}
}
\DeclareSortExclusion{hentrytype, …i}{hfield, …i} 
           
hentrytypei
  
hfieldi
         
hfieldi
      
hentrytypei
  
     
\DeclarePresort[hentrytype, …i]{hstringi} 
         
presort
  
 
presort
 
presort
       
   
hentrytypei
   
hstringi
  

             
hentrytypei
    
hstringi
    

hentrytypei
         
      
4.5.6 Bibliography List Filters  
            
 
.bbl
          
             
       
.bbl
      
shorthand
          

\DeclareBiblistFilter
      

\defbibfilter
       
\defbibfilter
    
.bbl
      
 
.bbl
             
     \defbibfilter     
\DeclareBiblistFilter{hnamei}{hspecificationi} 
     
hnamei
 
hspecificationi
   

\filter

\filteror
         
   
\filter{htypei}{hfilteri}
     htypei hfilterihtypei   
type/noype     entrytype hfilteri
subtype/notsubtype     subtype hfilteri
keyword/notkeyword     keyword hfilteri
field/notfield        hfilteri
\filteror{htypei}{hfiltersi}
     
\filter
     
       hfiltersi  
             
               
            
  shorthand 
\DeclareBiblistFilter{shorthand}{
\filter[type=field,filter=shorthand]
}

4.5.7 Controlling Name Initials Generation
            
            
             
              
        
\DeclareNoinit{hspecificationi} 
          
hspecificationi
    
\noinit
    
             
    
hspecificationi
     
       
\noinit{hregexpi}
  
\noinit
         

hregexpi
           
            
  
\regexp
        
 
    \DeclareNoinit     
\DeclareNoinit{
% strip lowercase prefixes like ’al-’ when generating initials from names
\noinit{\regexp{\b\p{Ll}{2}\p{Pd}}}
% strip some common diacritics when generating initials from names
\noinit{\regexp{[\x{2bf}\x{2018}]}}
}
             
   
4.5.8 Fine Tuning Sorting
                
\DeclareNosort{hspecificationi} 
            
 
hspecificationi
    
\nosort
 
            
            
hspecificationi
             
\nosort{hfield or field typei}{hregexpi}
  
\nosort
         

hregexpi
 
hfieldi

hfield typei
 
hfield typei
   
            
          
           
\regexp

         

    \DeclareNosort     
\DeclareNosort{
% strip prefixes like ’al-’ when sorting names
\nosort{type_names}{\regexp{\A\p{L}{2}\p{Pd}}}
% strip some diacritics when sorting names
\nosort{type_names}{\regexp{[\x{2bf}\x{2018}]}}
}
             
            
title
  
\DeclareNosort{
\nosort{title}{\regexp{\AThe\s+}}
}
             
\DeclareNosort{
\nosort{type_title}{\regexp{\AThe\s+}}
}
Field Type Fields
type_name author
afterword
annotator
bookauthor
commentator
editor
editora
editorb
editorc
foreword
holder
introduction
namea
nameb
namec
shortauthor
shorteditor
translator
type_title booktitle
eventtitle
issuetitle
journaltitle
maintitle
origtitle
title
Table 9: Field types for \nosort
4.5.9 Special Fields
            
   

\DeclareLabelname[hentrytype, …i]{hspecificationi} 
       
labelname
   

hspecificationi
    
\field
    
              
labelname
    
\DeclareLabelname{%
\field{shortauthor}
\field{author}
\field{shorteditor}
\field{editor}
\field{translator}
}

labelname
           

hentrytypei
        
        
hentrytypei
    
            
\DeclareLabeldate[hentrytype, …i]{hspecificationi} 
       
labelyear
labelmonth

labelday
    
hspecificationi
  
  
\field

\literal
       
             
labelyear
labelmonth

labelday
   
\field
   
              
    
pubstate
        

\DeclareLabeldate
    
\literal

                 
    
\literal
         
              
    
\DeclareLabeldate{%
\field{date}
\field{eventdate}
\field{origdate}
\field{urldate}
\literal{nodate}
}
  
date
      
year
month
  
              

year

month
   
date
 
\DeclareLabeldate

 
year

month
   
labelyear
labelmonth

labelday
           

hentrytypei
        
        
hentrytypei
    
              


\DeclareLabeltitle[hentrytype, …i]{hspecificationi} 
       
labeltitle
   

hspecificationi
    
\field
    
              
labeltitle
    
\DeclareLabeltitle{%
\field{shorttitle}
\field{title}
}

labeltitle
           

hentrytypei
        
        
hentrytypei
    
            
4.5.10 Data Inheritance (crossref)
         
          
           
            child  target 
   
crossref
  parent  source    
crossref
         
\DefaultInheritance[hexceptionsi]{hoptionsi} 
           
           
hoptionsi
all=truefalse  true
           
all=true
 
             
     
\DeclareDataInheritance
   
           
all=false

              
       
\DeclareDataInheritance
    all=true
override=truefalse  false
             
           
  
override=false
          

 
hexceptionsi
    
\except
 
           
hexceptionsi
 
   
\except{hsourcei}{htargeti}{hoptionsi}
 
hoptionsi
  
hsourcei

htargeti
 
hsourcei

htargeti
           
       

\DeclareDataInheritance{hsource, …i}{htarget, …i}{hrulesi} 
   
hsourcei

htargeti
   
              
             
hrulesi
    
\inherit

\noinherit
  
          
hrulesi
  
          
\inherit[hoptioni]{hsourcei}{htargeti}
      
hsourcei
  
htargeti
 
hoptioni
 
override
         
     \DefaultInheritance
\noinherit{hsourcei}
     hsourcei
\ResetDataInheritance \BiberOnlyMark
     
\DeclareDataInheritance
 
       
    
\DefaultInheritance{all=true,override=false}
           
    
\DefaultInheritance[
\except{*}{online}{all=false}
]{all=true,override=false}
              
@online          
\DeclareDataInheritance{collection}{incollection}{
\inherit{title}{booktitle}
\inherit{subtitle}{booksubtitle}
\inherit{titleaddon}{booktitleaddon}
}
           
all=true

 
publisher
        
publisher
  
           
 
\DeclareDataInheritance
     
  
@incollection
  
@collection
 

title
        
booktitle

  
\DeclareDataInheritance{mvbook,book}{inbook,bookinbook}{
\inherit{author}{author}
\inherit{author}{bookauthor}
}

          
author
 
    
author
 
bookauthor
     
   
inbook
bookinbook
      
@mvbook
 
@book
    
@inbook
 
@bookinbook

\DeclareDataInheritance{*}{inbook,incollection}{
\noinherit{introduction}
}
     
introduction
     
  @inbook  @incollection      
\DeclareDataInheritance{*}{*}{
\noinherit{abstract}
}
              
    abstract 
\DefaultInheritance{all=true,override=false}
\ResetDataInheritance
        
          
    
4.6 Auxiliary Commands
            
     
4.6.1 Data Commands
           
               
           
\thefield{hfieldi}
   
hfieldi
 
hfieldi
    
   
\strfield{hfieldi}
 
\thefield
          
            
\csfield{hfieldi}
  \thefield   
\usefield{hcommandi}{hfieldi}
 hcommandi   hfieldi  

\thelist{hliteral listi}
   
hliteral listi
      
           
hliteral listi

             
\thename{hname listi}
   
hname listi
      
           
hname listi

             
\savefield{hfieldi}{hmacroi}
\savefield*{hfieldi}{hmacroi}
  
hfieldi
 
hmacroi
     
  hmacroi     
\savelist{hliteral listi}{hmacroi}
\savelist*{hliteral listi}{hmacroi}
  
hliteral listi
 
hmacroi
     
  hmacroi     
\savename{hname listi}{hmacroi}
\savename*{hname listi}{hmacroi}
  
hname listi
 
hmacroi
     
  hmacroi     
\savefieldcs{hfieldi}{hcsnamei}
\savefieldcs*{hfieldi}{hcsnamei}
 
\savefield
      
hcsnamei
 
         
\savelistcs{hliteral listi}{hcsnamei}
\savelistcs*{hliteral listi}{hcsnamei}
 
\savelist
      
hcsnamei
 
         
\savenamecs{hname listi}{hcsnamei}
\savenamecs*{hname listi}{hcsnamei}
 
\savename
      
hcsnamei
 
         
\restorefield{hfieldi}{hmacroi}
 
hfieldi
 
hmacroi
 
\savefield
   
    
\restorelist{hliteral listi}{hmacroi}
 
hliteral listi
 
hmacroi
 
\savelist
   
    

\restorename{hname listi}{hmacroi}
 
hname listi
 
hmacroi
 
\savename
   
    
\clearfield{hfieldi}
 
hfieldi
            
   
\clearlist{hliteral listi}
 
hliteral listi
           
    
\clearname{hname listi}
 
hname listi
           
    
4.6.2 Stand-alone Tests
             
   
\iffieldundef{hfieldi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
  htruei  hfieldi    hfalsei
\iflistundef{hliteral listi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
  htruei  hliteral listi    hfalsei
\ifnameundef{hname listi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
  htruei  hname listi    hfalsei
\iffieldsequal{hfield 1i}{hfield 2i}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
   
hfield 1i

hfield 2i
   
hfalsei

\iflistsequal{hliteral list 1i}{hliteral list 2i}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
   
hliteral list 1i

hliteral list 2i
   
hfalsei
\ifnamesequal{hname list 1i}{hname list 2i}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
   
hname list 1i

hname list 2i
   
hfalsei
\iffieldequals{hfieldi}{hmacroi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
    
hfieldi
     
hmacroi
 
 hfalsei
\iflistequals{hliteral listi}{hmacroi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
    
hliteral listi
     
hmacroi
  hfalsei

\ifnameequals{hname listi}{hmacroi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
    
hname listi
     
hmacroi
  hfalsei
\iffieldequalcs{hfieldi}{hcsnamei}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
\iffieldequals
     
hcsnamei

           
\iflistequalcs{hliteral listi}{hcsnamei}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
\iflistequals
     
hcsnamei

          
\ifnameequalcs{hname listi}{hcsnamei}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
\ifnameequals
     
hcsnamei

          
\iffieldequalstr{hfieldi}{hstringi}{htruei}{hfalsei}

htruei
    
hfieldi
  
hstringi
 
hfalsei

   
\iffieldxref{hfieldi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
crossref
xref
          
hfieldi
        
htruei
 
hfieldi
        
hfieldi
    
hfalsei
  
crossref
xref
     
hfalsei
        
crossref

xref
 
          
\iflistxref{hliteral listi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
\iffieldxref
   
hliteral listi
    
       
crossref

xref
   
         
\ifnamexref{hname listi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
\iffieldxref
   
hname listi
    
       
crossref

xref
   
         
\ifcurrentfield{hfieldi}{htruei}{hfalsei}

htruei
    
hfieldi
 
hfalsei
  
             
hfalsei     
\ifcurrentlist{hliteral listi}{htruei}{hfalsei}

htruei
    
hliteral listi
 
hfalsei
  
             
hfalsei     

\ifcurrentname{hname listi}{htruei}{hfalsei}

htruei
    
hname listi
 
hfalsei
  
             
hfalsei     
\ifuseprefix{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
 
useprefix
       
   hfalsei        
\ifuseauthor{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
 
useauthor
       
   hfalsei        
\ifuseeditor{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
 
useeditor
       
   hfalsei        
\ifusetranslator{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
 
usetranslator
      
    hfalsei        
\ifsingletitle{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
       
labelname
   
  
hfalsei
    
labelname
     
   
htruei
       
labeltitle
 
  
hfalsei
  
labelname

labeltitle
         
hfalsei
    
        singletitle
\ifandothers{hlisti}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
 
hlisti
       
bib
 
  
and others
  
hfalsei
 
hlisti
   
    
\ifmorenames{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
            
hfalsei
            
    
hfalsei
      
  
\ifandothers
          
   
listtotal
   
liststop
 
                 
                  
              
listcount
 
    liststop     
\ifmoreitems{htruei}{hfalsei}
    
\ifmorenames
      
              
hfalsei  

\iffirstinits{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei

hfalsei
      
firstinits

             
 
\ifterseinits{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei

hfalsei
      
terseinits

             
 
\ifentrytype{htypei}{htruei}{hfalsei}

htruei
          
htypei
 hfalsei
\ifkeyword{hkeywordi}{htruei}{hfalsei}

htruei
 
hkeywordi
   
keywords
    
    hfalsei
\ifentrykeyword{hentrykeyi}{hkeywordi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
  
\ifkeyword
          
          
\ifcategory{hcategoryi}{htruei}{hfalsei}

htruei
          
hcategoryi \addtocategory  hfalsei
\ifentrycategory{hentrykeyi}{hcategoryi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
  
\ifcategory
          
          
\ifciteseen{htruei}{hfalsei}

htruei
          
hfalsei
            
  
refsection
      
             
    
citetracker
     
                
      
hfalsei
  
\citetrackertrue
 \citetrackerfalse    
\ifentryseen{hentrykeyi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
  
\ifciteseen
         

hentrykeyi
             
      xref
\ifentryseen{\thefield{xref}}{true}{false}
    
\ifentryseen
 
\ifciteseen

\ifentryinbib{hentrykeyi}{htruei}{hfalsei}

htruei
  
hentrykeyi
     
hfalsei         
\iffirstcitekey{htruei}{hfalsei}

htruei
           
  
hfalsei
     
citecount
citetotal
multicitecount

multicitetotal
   
       
hloopcodei
     
\DeclareCiteCommand
\iflastcitekey{htruei}{hfalsei}

\iffirstcitekey
  
htruei
     
          hfalsei
\ifciteibid{htruei}{hfalsei}
  htruei            
 
hfalsei
           
 
refsection
         
            
 
ibidtracker
         
                

hfalsei
  
\citetrackertrue

\citetrackerfalse
   
\ifciteidem{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
             
          
hfalsei
   
         
refsection
  
            
        
idemtracker
 
                 
       
hfalsei
 
\citetrackertrue
 \citetrackerfalse   
\ifopcit{htruei}{hfalsei}
    
\ifciteibid
    
htruei
 
           by this author or editor
             
opcittracker
           
               
hfalsei
  
\citetrackertrue

\citetrackerfalse

  
\ifloccit{htruei}{hfalsei}
    
\ifopcit
     
hpostnotei
   
htruei
         

\ifnumerals
    
\ifloccit
 
true
  
               

    
loccittracker
    
                
     
hfalsei
  
\citetrackertrue

\citetrackerfalse    
\iffirstonpage{htruei}{hfalsei}
          
pagetracker
     
page
   
htruei
        
   
hfalsei
      
spread
   
htruei
             
hfalsei

         
hfalsei
  
               
            
            
htruei
    
           
\pagetrackertrue
 \pagetrackerfalse    
\ifsamepage{hinstance 1i}{hinstance 2i}{htruei}{hfalsei}
   
htruei
         
      
hfalsei
     
               
      
instcount
      
       
pagetracker
  
  
spread
\ifsamepage
          
      
hfalsei
 
hinstance 1i

hinstance 2i
        


\numexpr
            

\ifsamepage{\value{instcount}}{\value{instcount}-1}{true}{false}
 
\value
   
\the
     
        
hinstance 1i

hinstance 2i
 
         
hfalsei
 
             
\pagetrackertrue  \pagetrackerfalse    
\ifinteger{hstringi}{htruei}{hfalsei}

htruei
 
hstringi
    
hfalsei
 
  
\ifnumeral{hstringi}{htruei}{hfalsei}

htruei
 
hstringi
      
hfalsei

     
\DeclareNumChars

\NumCheckSetup
  
\ifnumerals{hstringi}{htruei}{hfalsei}

htruei
 
hstringi
          
 
hfalsei
       
\ifnumeral
   
htruei
    
       
\DeclareNumChars
\DeclareRangeChars
\DeclareRangeCommands  \NumCheckSetup   

\ifpages{hstringi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
\ifnumerals
   
\DeclarePageCommands


\iffieldint{hfieldi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
\ifinteger
      
hfieldi
    
     hfieldi    hfalsei
\iffieldnum{hfieldi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
\ifnumeral
      
hfieldi
    
     hfieldi    hfalsei
\iffieldnums{hfieldi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
\ifnumerals
      
hfieldi
    
     hfieldi    hfalsei
\iffieldpages{hfieldi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
\ifpages
      
hfieldi
     
    hfieldi    hfalsei
\ifbibstring{hstringi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
 
hstringi
      
hfalsei

               
 \NewBibliographyString
\ifbibxstring{hstringi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
  \ifbibstring   hstringi 
\iffieldbibstring{hfieldi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
\ifbibstring
      
hfieldi
    
     hfieldi     hfalsei
\ifdriver{hentrytypei}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
    
hentrytypei
   
hfalsei

\ifcapital{htruei}{hfalsei}

htruei
       
     
hfalsei
      
             

\ifcitation{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
      
hfalsei
   
             
     
\DeclareCiteCommand
  
 
\DeclareBibliographyDriver
 
\ifcitation
 
     htruei       

\ifbibliography{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
      
hfalsei
  
              
    
\DeclareBibliographyDriver
  
  
\DeclareCiteCommand
 
\ifbibliography

      htruei       
\ifnatbibmode{htruei}{hfalsei}
  htruei hfalsei   natbib    
\ifciteindex{htruei}{hfalsei}
  htruei hfalsei   indexing    
\ifbibindex{htruei}{hfalsei}
  htruei hfalsei   indexing    
\iffootnote{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
      
hfalsei
  
 
minipage
         
     
htruei
        
      endnotes 
citecounter
            
             
   
citecounter
     
context
 
            
citecounter
          
uniquename \BiberOnlyMark
    
labelname
      
    
0
     
1
    
             
2
 
            
           
              
               

1
               

2
     
init
allinit
mininit
     

1
           
               
  
uniquename
    
0
   
         
uniquename
 
 
uniquename
   
\printnames
     
 
labelname
     
labelname
   

author

editor
           
             
    

uniquelist \BiberOnlyMark
    
labelname
      
            
   
maxnames
minnames
    
           
   
maxnames=1
      
    
uniquelist
   
2
 
labelname

             
   
uniquelist
   
\printnames
   
   
labelname
     
labelname
  
 
author

editor
          
 
uniquelist
     
\printnames

         
maxnames
minnames
          
uniquelist
        
parenlevel
           
   parentracker     
4.6.3 Tests with \ifboolexpr and \ifthenelse
           
\ifboolexpr

  
etoolbox
  
\ifthenelse
 
 
ifthen
           

htruei

hfalsei
          
\ifboolexpr

\ifthenelse
       
           
            
\ifboolexpr{hexpressioni}{htruei}{hfalsei}
etoolbox
         

\ifboolexpr{ (
test {\ifnameundef{editor}}
and
not test {\iflistundef{location}}
)
or test {\iffieldundef{year}}
}
{...}
{...}
\ifthenelse{htestsi}{htruei}{hfalsei}
ifthen
         

\ifthenelse{ \(
\ifnameundef{editor}
\and
\not \iflistundef{location}
\)

\or \iffieldundef{year}
}
{...}
{...}
         
\ifboolexpr
 \ifthenelse         
4.6.4 Miscellaneous Commands
           
   
\newbibmacro{hnamei}[hargumentsi][hoptionali]{hdefinitioni}
\newbibmacro*{hnamei}[hargumentsi][hoptionali]{hdefinitioni}
      
\usebibmacro
     
    
\newcommand
 
hnamei
  
             
 
hargumentsi
       
    
hoptionali
         
           
 
\newcommand
\newbibmacro
      
       
\renewbibmacro
 
\newcommand
       
\long
 
              
      
\par

\newbibmacro

\renewbibmacro
         
\newcommand

\def
       

biblatex.def
  
\newbibmacro
     
  
\renewbibmacro{hnamei}[hargumentsi][hoptionali]{hdefinitioni}
\renewbibmacro*{hnamei}[hargumentsi][hoptionali]{hdefinitioni}
 
\newbibmacro
 
hnamei
  
\renewcommand
\renewbibmacro
          
    \newbibmacro
\providebibmacro{hnamei}[hargumentsi][hoptionali]{hdefinitioni}
\providebibmacro*{hnamei}[hargumentsi][hoptionali]{hdefinitioni}
 
\newbibmacro
  
hnamei
     
     \providecommand
\usebibmacro{hnamei}
\usebibmacro*{hnamei}
    
hnamei
   
\newbibmacro
 
        
hnamei
 
     hnamei     

\savecommand{hcommandi}
\restorecommand{hcommandi}
     
hcommandi
      
            
      
\savebibmacro{hnamei}
\restorebibmacro{hnamei}
      
hnamei
 
hnamei
  
    
\newbibmacro
     
         
\savefieldformat[hentry typei]{hformati}
\restorefieldformat[hentry typei]{hformati}
       
hformati
   
\DeclareFieldFormat
        
      
\savelistformat[hentry typei]{hformati}
\restorelistformat[hentry typei]{hformati}
       
hformati
   
\DeclareListFormat
        
      
\savenameformat[hentry typei]{hformati}
\restorenameformat[hentry typei]{hformati}
       
hformati
   
\DeclareNameFormat
        
      
\ifbibmacroundef{hnamei}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
   
hnamei
   
hfalsei

\iffieldformatundef[hentry typei]{hnamei}{htruei}{hfalsei}
\iflistformatundef[hentry typei]{hnamei}{htruei}{hfalsei}
\ifnameformatundef[hentry typei]{hnamei}{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
   
hformati
   
hfalsei

\usedriver{hcodei}{hentrytypei}
     
hentrytypei
    
hloopcodei
     
\DeclareCiteCommand
  
             
\newblock
           
       
hcodei
  
      
\usedriver
    
                 

      
autolang
  

\bibhypertarget{hnamei}{htexti}
  
hyperref

\hypertarget
 
hnamei
  
   
htexti
          
   
refsection
    
hnamei
 
     
hyperref
     
hyperref
           
htexti
      bibhypertarget   
\bibhyperlink{hnamei}{htexti}
  
hyperref

\hyperlink
 
hnamei
   
   
\bibhypertarget
 
htexti
   
           
refsection

   
hnamei
       
hyperref
     
hyperref
     
     
htexti
     
bibhyperlink   
\bibhyperref[hentrykeyi]{htexti}

htexti
     
hentrykeyi
  

hentrykeyi
           
          
            
           
      
hentrykeyi
      

refsection
         
   bibhyperref   
\ifhyperref{htruei}{hfalsei}
 
htruei
 
hyperref
      
 hyperref       hfalsei
\docsvfield{hfieldi}
  
\docsvlist
  
etoolbox
  
                 
   
hfieldi
        
\forcsvfield{hhandleri}{hfieldi}
  
\forcsvlist
  
etoolbox
  
                 
   
hfieldi
        
\MakeCapital{htexti}
 
\MakeUppercase
       
htexti
        
\MakeUppercase
 
      
htexti
     

\protect
 
htexti
     

           
   
inputenc
       
babel
  
htexti
        
  
\MakeSentenceCase{htexti}
\MakeSentenceCase*{htexti}
 
htexti
           
             
            
      
langid
    
htexti
 
   
langid
          
\DeclareCaseLangs
 

 
htexti
    
     
\MakeSentenceCase*
   
          
 
bib
            
     
\MakeSentenceCase{an Introduction to LaTeX}
\MakeSentenceCase{an Introduction to {LaTeX}}
 
An introduction to latex
An introduction to LaTeX

bib
            
        
title = {An Introduction to {L}a{T}e{X}}
             
                
    
\mkpageprefix[hpaginationi][hpostproi]{htexti}
           
    
hpostnotei
     
pages
       
htexti
 
         
hpaginationi

             

pagination

bookpagination
 
pagination
  
      
htexti
    
\ppspace
           
    
\DeclareNumChars
\DeclareRangeChars
\DeclareRangeCommands
 
\NumCheckSetup
 
hpostproi
         
htexti
  
       
hpaginationi
    

            
amer-
ican
british
canadian
english
australian
newzealand
    
USenglish  UKenglish  \DeclareCaseLangs      

Input Output
mincomprange=10 mincomprange=100 mincomprange=1000
11–15   
111–115   
1111–1115   
maxcomprange=1000 maxcomprange=100 maxcomprange=10
1111–1115   
1111–1155   
1111–1555   
mincompwidth=1 mincompwidth=10 mincompwidth=100
1111–1115   
1111–1155   
1111–1555   
Table 10: \mkcomprange setup
\DeclareFieldFormat{postnote}{\mkpageprefix[pagination]{#1}}
\DeclareFieldFormat{pages}{\mkpageprefix[bookpagination]{#1}}
   pagination      
\mkpagetotal[hpaginationi][hpostproi]{htexti}
    
\mkpageprefix
      
pagetotal
            
   
hpaginationi
  
bookpagination
        
htexti
  
   
\ppspace
 
hpostproi
  
      
htexti
     
     hpaginationi     
\DeclareFieldFormat{pagetotal}{\mkpagetotal[bookpagination]{#1}}
   bookpagination     
\mkcomprange[hpostproi]{htexti}
\mkcomprange*[hpostproi]{htexti}
             
htexti
           
        
\mkcomprange
 
   
mincomprange
maxcomprange
 
mincompwidth
        
10
100000
 
1
 
             
 
\setcounter
      
\bibrangedash
           
      
\bibrangedash
  
 
\bibrangessep


     
           
       
\bibrangessep
  

       
\bibrangessep
 
      

             
        
hpostproi
  
      
htexti
      

\mkcomprange
        

htexti
  
\mkpageprefix
   
      
hpostproi
      
 
\DeclareFieldFormat{postnote}{\mkcomprange[{\mkpageprefix[pagination]}]{#1}}
 
\mkcomprange
   
\mkpageprefix
 
    
hpostproi
      
             
           
           
hpostproi
 
       
\mkcomprange[\mkpageprefix]{5, 123-129, 423-439}
\mkcomprange*[\mkpageprefix]{5, 123-129, 423-439}
 
pp. 5, 123-9, 423-39
p. 5, pp. 123-9, pp. 423-39
\mkfirstpage[hpostproi]{htexti}
\mkfirstpage*[hpostproi]{htexti}
            

htexti
             
 
\bibrangedash
       
 
\bibrangessep


    
             
             
hpostproi
         
htexti
 
\mkcomprange
           
        
hpostproi
      
  
\mkfirstpage[\mkpageprefix]{5, 123-129, 423-439}
\mkfirstpage*[\mkpageprefix]{5, 123-129, 423-439}
 
pp. 5, 123, 423
p. 5, p. 123, p. 423

       
\bibrangessep
 
      

\rangelen{htexti}
               
      
\rangelen{5-10} returns ’5’
\rangelen{-10} returns ’0’
\rangelen{5-} returns ’0’
\rangelen{5} returns ’1’
                  
              
       \ifnumcomp
\ifnumcomp{\rangelen{\thefield{pages}}}{=}{1}{add ’f’}{do nothing}
\DeclareNumChars{hcharactersi}
\DeclareNumChars*{hcharactersi}
   
\ifnumeral
\ifnumerals
 
\ifpages
        
\iffieldnum
\iffieldnums
\iffieldpages
  
\mkpageprefix

\mkpagetotal
 
hcharactersi
           
              
            
 
\DeclareNumChars{.}
               
              
  
\DeclareRangeChars{hcharactersi}
\DeclareRangeChars*{hcharactersi}
   
\ifnumerals

\ifpages
   
    
\iffieldnums

\iffieldpages
  
\mkpageprefix

\mkpagetotal
 
hcharactersi
   
             
            
        
\DeclareRangeChars{~,;-+/}
               
 
\ifnumerals

\ifpages
    
              
           

\DeclareRangeCommands{hcommandsi}
\DeclareRangeCommands*{hcommandsi}
    
\DeclareRangeChars
   
hcommandsi
             
           
             
           
\DeclareRangeCommands{\&\bibrangedash\textendash\textemdash\psq\psqq}
        
\DeclarePageCommands{hcommandsi}
\DeclarePageCommands*{hcommandsi}
    
\DeclareRangeCommands
   
 
\ifpages

\iffieldpages
  
\ifnumerals

\iffieldnums    
\DeclarePageCommands{\pno\ppno}
\NumCheckSetup{hcodei}
           
  
\ifnumeral
\ifnumerals
 
\ifpages
  
    
\iffieldnum
\iffieldnums
\iffieldpages

 
\mkpageprefix

\mkpagetotal
 
hcodei
    
           
               
               

\DeclareCaseLangs{hlanguagesi}
\DeclareCaseLangs*{hlanguagesi}
         
\MakeSentenceCase*
         
hlanguagesi
  
  
babel
polyglossia
   
            
        
\DeclareCaseLangs{%
american,british,canadian,english,australian,newzealand,
USenglish,UKenglish}
 
babel
polyglossia
        
\BibliographyWarning{hmessagei}
    
\PackageWarning
      
            
            
hmessagei
   
\MessageBreak
       

\PackageWarning
       
              
\printbibliography   

\RequireBiber[hseverityi]
      
cbx
bbx
   
@preamble

bib
              
hseverityi
            
            
    
bib
         
       
bib
       
  
\RequireBiber
     
hseverityi
 
cbx
bbx
      
@preamble
 

bib
         
hseverityi

       
\pagetrackertrue
\pagetrackerfalse
            
\iffirstonpage

\ifsamepage
       
              
         
\pagetrackerfalse
 
hprecodei
 
\DeclareCiteCommand
    
             
\citetrackertrue
\citetrackerfalse
          
 
\ifciteseen
\ifentryseen
\ifciteibid
 
\ifciteidem
              
              
   
\citetrackerfalse
 
hprecodei
 
\DeclareCiteCommand
         
       
\backtrackertrue
\backtrackerfalse
     
backref
   
             
            
\backtrackerfalse
 
hprecodei
 
\DeclareCiteCommand
        
backref
    
 
4.7 Punctuation and Spacing
          
           
            
          
             
            
              
           
           
\DeclareCapitalPunctuation
           
           
        

4.7.1 Block and Unit Punctuation
              
                
     
title

note
      
              
       
publisher
location
 
year
              
       
\newblock

\newunit
    
\finentry
        
        
\newblock
              
       
\newblockpunct
   
 
\printtext
\printfield
\printlist
\printnames
 
\bibstring
   
\newblock
   
               
\printfield
          
  
\newunit
          
\newunitpunct
 
           
            
\printtext
\printfield
\printlist
\printnames
 
\bibstring
 
 
\newunit
  
\printfield
   
            

\printfield
    both     
 
\printtext
\printlist
\printnames
 
\bibstring
 
   
\finentry

\finentrypunct
          
 
\setunit{hpunctuationi}
\setunit*{hpunctuationi}

\setunit
   
\newunit
   
hpunctuationi
 
\newunitpunct
       
       
\printtext
\printfield
\printlist
\printnames
 
\bibstring
       
 
\printunit{hpunctuationi}
\printunit*{hpunctuationi}

\printunit
   
\setunit
 
hpunctuationi
      
\printtext
\printfield
\printlist
\printnames  \bibstring 
\setpunctfont{hcommandi}
            
              
               
            

          
hcommandi

          
\emph

\textbf
            
              
              
 
\resetpunctfont
 
punctfont
   
      
\mkbibemph
\mkbibitalic

\mkbibbold         
\resetpunctfont
        
\setpunctfont
     
punctfont
     
 
4.7.2 Punctuation Tests
            
      
\ifpunct{htruei}{hfalsei}

htruei
          
 hfalsei
\ifterm{htruei}{hfalsei}

htruei
       
hfalsei

           
    
\DeclareCapitalPunctuation

             
   
\ifpunctmark{hcharacteri}{htruei}{hfalsei}

htruei
     
hcharacteri
 
hfalsei

 
hcharacteri
           
              
              
               
\DeclareNameFormat  hcharacteri    
4.7.3 Adding Punctuation
          
           
   
\add...
    
   
\unspace
      
  
\add...
        
          
\DeclarePunctuationPairs   
\adddot
              
             
            
           

\addcomma
               

\addsemicolon
               

\addcolon
               

\addperiod
              
            
           
\addexclam
             
  
\addquestion
              
 
\isdot
            
\adddot            
\nopunct
            

4.7.4 Adding Whitespace
         
           
               
     
\unspace
            
             
 
\addspace     
\addnbspace     
\addthinspace   breakable  
\addnbthinspace          \,  \thinspace
\addlowpenspace
        
lownamepenalty
 
     
\addhighpenspace
        
highnamepenalty
 
     
\addlpthinspace   \addlowpenspace      
\addhpthinspace   \addhighpenspace      
\addabbrvspace
        
abbrvpenalty
   
   
\addabthinspace   \addabbrvspace     

\adddotspace

\adddot
         
abbrvpenalty
       
\addslash
        
\slash
  
             
        
\unspace
 
            
  
\addnbspace
      
    
\addspace
      
 
4.7.5 Configuring Punctuation and Capitalization
         
 
\DeclareAutoPunctuation{hcharactersi}
            
        
hcharactersi
  
   
hcharactersi
     
       
\DeclareAutoPunctuation{.,;:!?}
      
autopunct
  
 
true
 
\DeclareAutoPunctuation{}
   
autopunct=false      
\DeclareCapitalPunctuation{hcharactersi}
             
         
           
        
hcharactersi
    
 
hcharactersi
      
     
\DeclareCapitalPunctuation{.!?}

\DeclareCapitalPunctuation
     
          
       
\DefineBibliographyExtras
     
\DeclareBibliographyExtras
 
              
          
             
 

\DeclarePunctuationPairs{hidentifieri}{hcharactersi}
            
           
\addcomma
            
             
           
  
\DeclarePunctuationPairs{comma}{*!?}

hidentifieri
         
          
\add
  

hidentifieri
 
dot
comma
semicolon
colon
period
exclam
question
 
hcharactersi
       

hcharactersi
       
      
hcharactersi
   
              
        
     
\DeclarePunctuationPairs{dot}{}
\DeclarePunctuationPairs{comma}{*!?}
\DeclarePunctuationPairs{semicolon}{*!?}
\DeclarePunctuationPairs{colon}{*!?}
\DeclarePunctuationPairs{period}{}
\DeclarePunctuationPairs{exclam}{*}
\DeclarePunctuationPairs{question}{*}
     
\DeclarePunctuationPairs
 
    
\DefineBibliographyExtras
   
 
\DeclareBibliographyExtras
    
              
        
\DeclareQuotePunctuation{hcharactersi}
     
\mkbibquote

            
   
\mkbibquote
     
     
\DeclareQuotePunctuation
 
hcharactersi
      
hcharactersi
  
         
\DeclareQuotePunctuation{.,}
 \DeclareQuotePunctuation{}      
             
      
\DefineBibliographyExtras
  
  
\DeclareBibliographyExtras
    
           

    
american
      

\uspunctuation
     
\DeclareQuotePunctuation

\DeclarePunctuationPairs
   
            
       
\stdpunctuation
    
\uspunctuation
   
            
    
\uspunctuation
    

4.7.6 Correcting Punctuation Tracking
          
           
          
               
               
          
        
\addperiod
  
           
            
         
\bibsentence
           
              
          
 
\midsentence
           
              
          
  
\midsentence*
   
\midsentence
        
              

\midsentence*
        
          
4.8 Localization Strings
            
           
               
     
\bibstring[hwrapperi]{hkeyi}
   
hkeyi
 
hkeyi
     
               
  
abbreviate
    
\bibstring

                
\bibstring
        
\bibxstring
 
hwrapperi
        
hwrapperi
 
        \emph

\biblstring[hwrapperi]{hkeyi}
 
\bibstring
       
abbreviate 
\bibsstring[hwrapperi]{hkeyi}
 
\bibstring
       
abbreviate 
\bibcpstring[hwrapperi]{hkeyi}
  \bibstring      
\bibcplstring[hwrapperi]{hkeyi}
  \biblstring      
\bibcpsstring[hwrapperi]{hkeyi}
  \bibsstring      
\bibucstring[hwrapperi]{hkeyi}
  \bibstring      
\bibuclstring[hwrapperi]{hkeyi}
  \biblstring      
\bibucsstring[hwrapperi]{hkeyi}
  \bibsstring      
\biblcstring[hwrapperi]{hkeyi}
  \bibstring      
\biblclstring[hwrapperi]{hkeyi}
  \biblstring      
\biblcsstring[hwrapperi]{hkeyi}
  \bibsstring      
\bibxstring{hkeyi}
     
\bibstring
    
            
            
     
\bibxlstring[hwrapperi]{hkeyi}
 
\bibxstring
       
abbreviate 
\bibxsstring[hwrapperi]{hkeyi}
 
\bibxstring
       
abbreviate 

\mainlang
            
  hwrapperi      
4.9 Localization Modules
            
             
         
lbx
  
          
babel
polyglossia


lbx
      
babel
polyglossia
  
            
               
         @    
4.9.1 Localization Commands
          
   
lbx
       
             
         
hlanguagei
  
             lbx 
\DeclareBibliographyStrings{hdefinitionsi}
     
lbx
       

hdefinitionsi
 
hkeyi=hvaluei
      
                
       
lbx
       
              
    
\DeclareBibliographyStrings{%
bibliography = {{Bibliography}{Bibliography}},
shorthands = {{List of Abbreviations}{Abbreviations}},
editor = {{editor}{ed.}},
editors = {{editors}{eds.}},
}
              
              
             
abbreviate
         
 
lbx
       
inherit
  
             
            
        
\DeclareBibliographyStrings{%
inherit = {german},
january = {{J\”anner}{J\”an.}},
}

           
            
         
bibliography = {{Bibliography}{Bibliography}},
shorthands = {{List of Abbreviations}{Abbreviations}},
editor = {{editor}{ed\adddot}},
editors = {{editors}{eds\adddot}},
byeditor = {{edited by}{ed\adddotspace by}},
mathesis = {{Master’s thesis}{MA\addabbrvspace thesis}},
           
           
              
            

\DeclareCapitalPunctuation
      
               
             
\InheritBibliographyStrings{hlanguagei}
     
lbx
      
hlanguagei           lbx 
\DeclareBibliographyExtras{hcodei}
     
lbx
       
        
hcodei
    
           

\UndeclareBibliographyExtras{hcodei}
     
lbx
       
  
\DeclareBibliographyExtras
   
               
        
\InheritBibliographyExtras{hlanguagei}
     
lbx
      
hlanguagei           lbx 
\DeclareHyphenationExceptions{htexti}
   
\DefineHyphenationExceptions
  
        
lbx
   
hlanguagei

          
lbx

  

\DeclareRedundantLanguages{hlanguage, language, …i}{hlangid, langid, …i}
        
clearlang

   
hlanguagei
     
language
 
 
lang

hlangidi

babel
polyglossia
  
       
\usepackage
 
babel
   
\setdefaultlanguage

\setotherlanguages


polyglossia
     
lbx
    
    
\DeclareRedundantLanguages{french}{french}
\DeclareRedundantLanguages{german}{german,ngerman,austrian,naustrian}
\DeclareRedundantLanguages{english,american}{english,american,british,
canadian,australian,newzealand,USenglish,UKenglish}
          
clearlang

             
hlangidi

         
hlanguagei
  
      hlanguagei
\DeclareLanguageMapping{hlanguagei}{hfilei}
   
babel
polyglossia
   
lbx


hlanguagei
       
babel
polyglossia
           
hfilei
   
  
lbx
  
.lbx
     
          
              

\NewBibliographyString{hkeyi}
         
cbx

bbx

   
lbx
          
hkeyi
    
hdefinitionsi

\DefineBibliographyStrings

\DeclareBibliographyStrings
 
hkeyi
     
        
lbx
 
hkeyi
   
       
lbx
       
  
4.9.2 Localization Keys
             
            
          
              
            
          
4.9.2.1 Headings
             
            
              
  

       \bibname
       \refname
            
\biblistname
4.9.2.2 Roles, Expressed as Functions
             
         

              
     editor
              
     compiler
        
     founder
           
           
    
     continuator
        
     redactor
        
     reviser

         
  
     collaborator
   
     translator
             
     commentators
            
     annotators
4.9.2.3 Concatenated Editor Roles, Expressed as Functions
       
editor
translator
   
              

   editortranslator  
     editortr
   editorcommentator  
     editorco

   editorannotator  
     editoran
   editorintroduction  
     editorin
   editorforeword  
     editorfo
   editoraftword  
     editoraf
  editortranslatorhrolei
   editortranslatorcommentator  
     editortrco
   editortranslatorannotator  
     editortran
   editortranslatorintroduction  
     editortrin
   editortranslatorforeword  
     editortrfo
   editortranslatoraftword  
     editortraf
  editorcommentatorhrolei
   editorcommentatorintroduction  
     editorcoin
   editorcommentatorforeword  
     editorcofo
   editorcommentatoraftword  
     editorcoaf
  editorannotatorhrolei
   editorannotatorintroduction  
     editoranin
   editorannotatorforeword  
     editoranfo
   editorannotatoraftword  
     editoranaf
  editortranslatorcommentatorhrolei
   editortranslatorcommentatorintroduction  
     editortrcoin

   editortranslatorcommentatorforeword  
     editortrcofo
   editortranslatorcommentatoraftword  
     editortrcoaf
  editorannotatorcommentatorhrolei
   editorannotatorcommentatorintroduction  
     editortranin
   editorannotatorcommentatorforeword  
     editortranfo
   editorannotatorcommentatoraftword  
     editortranaf
4.9.2.4 Concatenated Translator Roles, Expressed as Functions
       
translator
    
           

   translatorcommentator  
     translatorco
   translatorannotator  
     translatoran
   translatorintroduction  
     translatorin
   translatorforeword  
     translatorfo
   translatoraftword  
     translatoraf
  translatorcommentatorhrolei
   translatorcommentatorintroduction  
     translatorcoin
   translatorcommentatorforeword  
     translatorcofo
   translatorcommentatoraftword  
     translatorcoaf
  translatorannotatorhrolei
   translatorannotatorintroduction  
     translatoranin
   translatorannotatorforeword  
     translatoranfo
   translatorannotatoraftword  
     translatoranaf

4.9.2.5 Roles, Expressed as Actions
             
        
     hnamei
     hnamei
     hnamei
     hnamei
     hnamei
     hnamei
     hnamei
     hnamei
       hnamei     hnamei
     hnamei    hlanguagei hnamei
     hnamei
     hnamei
4.9.2.6 Concatenated Editor Roles, Expressed as Actions
       
byeditor
bytranslator
 
              
            
   editortranslator  
   editorcommentator  
   editorannotator  
   editorintroduction  
   editorforeword  
   editoraftword  
  editortranslatorhrolei
   editortranslatorcommentator  
   editortranslatorannotator  
   editortranslatorintroduction  
   editortranslatorforeword  
   editortranslatoraftword  
  editorcommentatorhrolei
   editorcommentatorintroduction  
   editorcommentatorforeword  
   editorcommentatoraftword  
  editorannotatorhrolei
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   editorannotatorintroduction  
   editorannotatorforeword  
   editorannotatoraftword  
  editortranslatorcommentatorhrolei
   editortranslatorcommentatorintroduction  
   editortranslatorcommentatorforeword  
   editortranslatorcommentatoraftword  
  editortranslatorannotatorhrolei
   editorannotatorcommentatorintroduction  
   editorannotatorcommentatorforeword  
   editorannotatorcommentatoraftword  
4.9.2.7 Concatenated Translator Roles, Expressed as Actions
       
bytranslator
  
            
           
   translatorcommentator  
   translatorannotator  
   translatorintroduction  
   translatorforeword  
   translatoraftword  
  translatorcommentatorhrolei
   translatorcommentatorintroduction  
   translatorcommentatorforeword  
   translatorcommentatoraftword  
  translatorannotatorhrolei
   translatorannotatorintroduction  
   translatorannotatorforeword  
   translatorannotatoraftword  
4.9.2.8 Roles, Expressed as Objects
            
           
 
       hnamei
      hnamei
       hnamei
      hnamei
       hnamei
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4.9.2.9 Supplementary Material
   
   
   
  
   
4.9.2.10 Publication Details
       
     volume
          hnumber of volumesi
       
       
        
             
       
        
        
   
                  
htitle of articlei htitle of journali
          hnumberi hname of seriesi
          hnumberi hname of seriesi
          
          
        
   
     htitlei
     htitlei
     htitlei
     htitlei
     htitlei
      hlanguagei
     htitlei
      htitlei
      hyeari
           hpublisheri htitlei
           hpublisheri

4.9.2.11 Publication State
           
            

            


             
          

           
         
4.9.2.12 Pagination
   
     page
          
     column
            
     section    
               section
     paragraph

               
     verse
                
     line
4.9.2.13 Types
       
type
 
@thesis
@report
@misc   
        
         
           
           
    
    
    
      
    

4.9.2.14 Miscellaneous
                    
              
                
  andothers          
4.9.2.15 Labels
           
hurli
  
habstracti
          
      hurli    hurli
      hdatei   hdatei   hdatei
        
   
   
   
   
4.9.2.16 Citations
     
          
      idem
      idem
      idem
      idem
      idem
      idem
     idem        
           

             
              
        

             
                
     

            
             
      
           


     
   
    
      hfootnotei    hfootnotei     
    
      hpagei     hpagei   
    
     backrefpage     hpagesi    
hpagesi
      hcitationi       
      

     
hshorthandi
     
  
            
             
           
      thiscite  
4.9.2.17 Month Names
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
4.9.2.18 Language Names
      
      
   
   
   
   
   
   

   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
            
  htranslatori
          
          
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     

4.9.2.19 Country Names
       
country
 

 
            

 
              
         
location
 
@patent
          
      DE
       EU

 
countryeu
  
EP
    
patent

      FR
          GB
         US
4.9.2.20 Patents and Patent Requests
         
patent
 


                
           
type
 
@patent 
    
    
    
    
    
    
          
patreq
  
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
4.10 Formaing Commands
             
           
            
                  
      

4.10.1 User-definable Commands and Hooks
              
             
            
     
biblatex.def
   
  \mk…    
\bibnamedelima \BiberOnlyMark
       
              
              
     
\addhighpenspace
     
    
highnamepenalty
       
  
\bibnamedelimb \BiberOnlyMark
       
              
  
\bibnamedelima
      
\addlowpenspace
          
lownamepenalty
          
\bibnamedelimc
           
          
useprefix = true
 
  
\addhighpenspace
         

highnamepenalty
          
\bibnamedelimd
           
      
\bibnamedelimc
    
  
\addlowpenspace
          
lownamepenalty           
\bibnamedelimi \BiberOnlyMark
  
\bibnamedelima/b
 
           
bib
    
          
\bibinitperiod \BiberOnlyMark
       
  
\bibinithyphendelim
     
 \adddot        
\bibinitdelim \BiberOnlyMark
       
  
\bibinithyphendelim
    
           
\bibinithyphendelim \BiberOnlyMark
      
       
\bibinitperiod

\bibinitdelim
         
        
\bibindexnamedelima  \bibnamedelima   
\bibindexnamedelimb  \bibnamedelimb   
\bibindexnamedelimc  \bibnamedelimc   
\bibindexnamedelimd  \bibnamedelimd   

\bibindexnamedelimi  \bibnamedelimi   
\bibindexinitperiod  \bibinitperiod   
\bibindexinitdelim  \bibinitdelim   
\bibindexinithyphendelim  \bibinithyphendelim   
\revsdnamepunct
              
            
            
\bibnamedash
               
               
  
\labelnamepunct
             
 
author

editor
  
author
     
 
\newunitpunct
     
\newunitpunct
 
           

\subtitlepunct
       
title

subtitle
booktitle

booksubtitle
   
maintitle

mainsubtitle
    
\newunitpunct
     
\newunitpunct
           
   
\intitlepunct
              
  
@article
@inbook
@incollection
    
 
\newunitpunct
         
  
\bibpagespunct
      
pages
     
\newunitpunct
           
\bibpagerefpunct
      
pageref
    
 \newunitpunct         
\multinamedelim
            
author

editor
                
   
\finalnamedelim
     
      
\finalnamedelim
    
\multinamedelim
     
 
\revsdnamedelim
               

\finalnamedelim
          
       
\andothersdelim
         
andothers
   
 
author

editor
       
     

\multilistdelim
            
publisher

location
              
     
\finallistdelim
    
       
\finallistdelim
    
\multilistdelim
     
 
\andmoredelim
         
andmore
    

publisher

location
      
      
\multicitedelim
           
           
        
hsepcodei
  
\DeclareCiteCommand     
\supercitedelim
 
\multinamedelim
    
\supercite


\compcitedelim
 
\multicitedelim
       
             
  
\textcitedelim
 
\multicitedelim
   
\textcite
  
  
\nametitledelim
            
            
   
\nameyeardelim
            
           
 
\volcitedelim
             
\volcite     
\prenotedelim        hprenotei    
\postnotedelim        hpostnotei    
\mkbibnamelast{htexti}
            
  
\mkbibnamefirst{htexti}  \mkbibnamelast      
\mkbibnameprefix{htexti}  \mkbibnamelast      
\mkbibnameaffix{htexti}  \mkbibnamelast      
\relatedpunct
          
    

\relateddelim
             

4.10.2 Language-specific Commands
              
            
            
\mk…      
\bibrangedash     
\bibdatedash      
\mkbibdatelong
             
              
    
\mkbibdateshort
 
\mkbibdatelong
       
\finalandcomma
              
   
\finalandsemicolon
            
     
\mkbibordinal{hintegeri}
          
\mkbibmascord{hintegeri}
 
\mkbibordinal
         
 
\mkbibfemord{hintegeri}
 
\mkbibordinal
         
 
\mkbibneutord{hintegeri}
 
\mkbibordinal
          
 
\mkbibordedition{hintegeri}
  \mkbibordinal        
\mkbibordseries{hintegeri}
  \mkbibordinal        

4.10.3 User-definable Lengths and Counters
               
            
           
        
\bibhang            

\parindent
  
\parindent
     
\bibhang    1em
\biblabelsep
         
  
list
      
\labelsep

\biblabelsep       
\bibitemsep
          
 
list
  
\itemsep

\bibitemsep
 
    
\bibparsep
           
  
list
  
\parsep

\bibparsep

     
abbrvpenalty
   
\addabbrvspace
\addabthinspace
 
\adddotspace     
lownamepenalty
   
\addlowpenspace

\addlpthinspace
   
 
highnamepenalty
   
\addhighpenspace

\addhpthinspace
   
 
biburlnumpenalty
              
       
\url
  
url

  

 

        
      

 

      
               
              
      
biburlucpenalty
 
biburlnumpenalty
         
 
biburllcpenalty
 
biburlnumpenalty
         
 
4.10.4 Auxiliary Commands and Hooks
            
            
    
\mkbibemph{htexti}
            
    
\emph
     

\setpunctfont
            
       
punctfont
    
   \emph
\mkbibitalic{htexti}
   
\mkbibemph
        
  
\textit
  
\setpunctfont
 

punctfont
       
\textit
\mkbibbold{htexti}
   
\mkbibemph
        
  
\textbf
  
\setpunctfont
 

punctfont
       
\textbf
\mkbibquote{htexti}
           
csquotes
           
   
\mkbibquote
   
 \DeclareQuotePunctuation     
\mkbibparens{htexti}
           
          
   
\mkbibbrackets{htexti}
            
          
   
\bibopenparenhtexti\bibcloseparen
  
\mkbibparens
      
 \bibopenparen  \bibcloseparen    
\bibopenbrackethtexti\bibclosebracket
  
\mkbibbrackets
      
 \bibopenbracket  \bibclosebracket    
\mkbibfootnote{htexti}
             
   
\footnote
    
          
\mkbibfootnote
         
             
 \bibfootnotewrapper   
\mkbibfootnotetext{htexti}
  \mkbibfootnote    \footnotetext 

\mkbibendnote{htexti}
   
\mkbibfootnote
       

\mkbibendnote
     
       
\endnote
 
 
endnotes
    
\pagenote
  

pagenote
  
memoir
     
\endnote
       
\mkbibendnote
      
\footnote
 
\mkbibendnote

             
         
\bibendnotewrapper
  
\mkbibendnotetext{htexti}
 
\mkbibendnote
  
\endnotetext
  
      
pagenote
  
memoir
 
 
\pagenotetext
   
\mkbibendnote

       \footnotetext
\bibfootnotewrapper{htexti}
     
htexti
 
\mkbibfootnote

\mkbibfootnotetext
 
\mkbibfootnote
  
 
\footnote{\bibfootnotewrapper{text}}
              
     
\newcommand{\bibfootnotewrapper}[1]{\bibsentence #1\addperiod}
                 
  \mkbibfootnote   \bibfootnotewrapper 
\bibendnotewrapper{htexti}
   
\bibfootnotewrapper
   
\mkbibendnote  \mkbibendnotetext 
\mkbibsuperscript{htexti}
            
     
\textsuperscript
 
         
\mkbibmonth{hintegeri}
             
              
      
\mkdatezeros{hintegeri}
            

datezeros
            
  

\stripzeros{hintegeri}
             
 
shorthandwidth  
            
     
bbl
      
shorthand
     
\shorthandwidth
  
              
      
\bibfont
  
             
     
‘labelfield’width \BiberOnlyMark
               
    
shorthandwidth
 
shorthand
 
             
 shorthandwidth
labelnumberwidth
 
shorthandwidth
    
labelnumber
  
 
\labelnumberwidth
     
          
labelalphawidth
 
shorthandwidth
    
labelalpha
  
 
\labelalphawidth
     
          
bibhyperref
      
\printfield

\printtext
 
     
\bibhyperref
     
bibhyperlink
      
\printfield

\printtext
 
    
\bibhyperlink
      
hnamei
  
\bibhyperlink
    
entrykey

bibhypertarget
      
\printfield

\printtext
 
    
\bibhypertarget
      
hnamei
  
\bibhypertarget
    
entrykey

volcitepages
            
      \volcite
volcitevolume
            
      \volcite
date
        
\printdate
 
            
date
           
 
datelabel   date      \printdatelabel
urldate   date      \printurldate
origdate   date      \printorigdate

eventdate   date      \printeventdate
4.10.5 Auxiliary Lengths, Counters, and Other Features
             
           
       
\value{counter}
  
  
\shorthandwidth  
        
shorthand
 
             

\‘labelfield’width \BiberOnlyMark
                
    
shorthandwidth
 
shorthand
  
             
shorthandwidth
\labelnumberwidth
        
labelnumber
 
           

\labelalphawidth
        
labelalpha
 
           

maxextraalpha          extraalpha 
maxextrayear          extrayear 
refsection
    
refsection
   
         
refsection

  \printbibliography
refsegment
    
refsegment
    
        
refsegment

  \printbibliography
maxnames        maxnames  
minnames        minnames  
maxitems        maxitems  
minitems        minitems  
instcount
               
           
        
citetotal
       
hloopcodei
    

\DeclareCiteCommand
         
   

citecount
       
hloopcodei
    

\DeclareCiteCommand
         
   hloopcodei
multicitetotal
    
citetotal
     
             
              
   citetotal 
multicitecount
    
citecount
     
             
              
citetotal  citecount 
listtotal
               
             
              

\printnames

\printlist
         
                
    
author
      
 
author
           
  
listtotal
         
         
editor
               
     
listcount
             
             
   
liststart
   
hstarti
  
\printnames

\printlist
              
    
liststop
   
hstopi
  
\printnames

\printlist
              
    
\currentfield
        
\printfield
 
       
\currentlist
         
\printlist
 
        
\currentname
         
\printnames
 
        
4.10.6 General Purpose Hooks
\AtBeginBibliography{hcodei}
 
hcodei
          

hcodei
           

hbegin codei

\defbibenvironment
      
 

\AtBeginShorthands{hcodei}
 
hcodei
            
 
hcodei
          
 
hbegin codei

\defbibenvironment
    
   
        
\AtBeginBiblist{shorthand}{code}
\AtBeginBiblist{hbiblistnamei}{hcodei} 
 
hcodei
          

hbiblistnamei
 
hcodei
        
  
hbegin codei

\defbibenvironment
 
      
\AtEveryBibitem{hcodei}
 
hcodei
          
   
hcodei
    
hitem codei

\defbibenvironment
        
           
\AtEveryLositem{hcodei}
 
hcodei
           
    
hcodei
    
hitem codei

\defbibenvironment
        
           
        
\AtEveryBiblistitem{shorthand}{code}
\AtEveryBiblistitem{hbiblistnamei}{hcodei} 
 
hcodei
            
  
hbiblistnamei
 
hcodei
    
hitem codei

\defbibenvironment
     
              
\AtNextBibliography{hcodei}
 
\AtBeginBibliography
    
\printbibliography
       
         
\AtEveryCite{hcodei}
  hcodei          
 
hcodei
    
hprecodei
  
              
    

\AtEveryCitekey{hcodei}
 
hcodei
          
    
hcodei
    
hloopcodei

             
           
\AtEveryMultiCite{hcodei}
 
hcodei
          
 
hcodei
    
multiprenote

             
      
\AtNextCite{hcodei}
 
\AtEveryCite
       
             
  
\AtNextCitekey{hcodei}
 
\AtEveryCitekey
        
              
 
\AtNextMultiCite{hcodei}
 
\AtEveryMultiCite
      
             
   
\AtDataInput[hentrytypei]{hcodei}
 
hcodei
           
     
bbl
 
hentrytypei
    
hcodei
             
hcodei
          
        
hcodei
    
            
refsection
  
sorting
      
 
refsection
       
     
\UseBibitemHook
      \AtEveryBibitem
\UseEveryCiteHook
      \AtEveryCite
\UseEveryCitekeyHook
      \AtEveryCitekey
\UseEveryMultiCiteHook
      \AtMultiEveryCite

\UseNextCiteHook
        \AtNextCite
\UseNextCitekeyHook
        \AtNextCitekey
\UseNextMultiCiteHook
        \AtNextMultiCite
\DeferNextCitekeyHook
      
\AtNextCitekey
 
                
hprecodei  \DeclareCiteCommand  
4.11 Hints and Caveats
           
        
4.11.1 Entry Sets
             
              
             
      
\entryset
     
             
entryset
 

@set
          
\defbibentryset
  
\finentry
        
           
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{set}{%
\entryset{}{}%
\finentry}
     
numeric
      
                
                
          
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{set}{%
\entryset
{\printfield{entrysetcount}%
\setunit*{\addnbspace}}
{}%
\finentry}

entrysetcount
          
                
      
entrysetcount
   
                 
             

\printfield{labelnumber}
    
entrysetcount


\printfield{labelnumber}\printfield{entrysetcount}
             
        
4.11.2 Electronic Publishing Information
           
         eprint   
\iffieldundef{eprinttype}
{\printfield{eprint}}
{\printfield[eprint:\strfield{eprinttype}]{eprint}}
 
eprinttype
           
eprint:heprinypei
    
\printfield

     
eprint
      
  eprint:arxiv     eprint
\DeclareFieldFormat{eprint}{...}
\DeclareFieldFormat{eprint:arxiv}{...}
              
 
eprint:hresourcei

hresourcei
       
eprinttype 
4.11.3 External Abstracts and Annotations
           
           
   biblatex.def     
\newbibmacro*{annotation}{%
\iffieldundef{annotation}
{\printfile[annotation]{\bibannotationprefix\thefield{entrykey}.tex}}%
{\printfield{annotation}}}
\newcommand*{\bibannotationprefix}{bibannotation-}
\newbibmacro*{abstract}{%
\iffieldundef{abstract}
{\printfile[abstract]{\bibabstractprefix\thefield{entrykey}.tex}}%
{\printfield{abstract}}}
\newcommand*{\bibabstractprefix}{bibabstract-}
 
abstract
annotation
        
      
\printfile
 
             

\printfile
   
loadfiles
  
         

4.11.4 Name Disambiguation  

uniquename

uniquelist
      
           
   
uniquename
     
labelname
 
uniquelist
  
labelname

     
maxnames
minnames
   
     
4.11.4.1 Individual Names (uniquename)
     uniquename     
John Doe 2008
Edward Doe 2008
John Smith 2008
Jane Smith 2008
        
uniquename=false
 
       
Doe 2008a
Doe 2008b
Smith 2008a
Smith 2008b
              
             
            
              
             
               
uniquename        uniquename=init
J. Doe 2008
E. Doe 2008
Smith 2008a
Smith 2008b
uniquename=init
       
             
uniquename=full       
J. Doe 2008
E. Doe 2008
John Smith 2008
Jane Smith 2008
      
uniquename = init/full

allinit/allfull
             
          
maxnames
minnames
uniquelist       

William Jones/Edward Doe/Jane Smith
John Doe
John Smith

maxnames=1
minnames=1
uniquename=init/full
    
   
Jones et al.
Doe
Smith
  
uniquename=init/full
   
              
         uniquename=allinit
Jones et al.
J. Doe
Smith
allinit
    
labelname
    
                
            
              
   
uniquename=allfull
    
  
Jones et al.
J. Doe
John Smith
 
uniquename=mininit/minfull
  
init/full

          
             
      
John Doe/William Jones
Edward Doe/William Jones
John Smith/William Edwards
Edward Smith/Allan Johnson
 uniquename=init/full   
J. Doe and Jones
E. Doe and Jones
J. Smith and Edwards
E. Smith and Johnson
 uniquename=mininit/minfull
J. Doe and Jones
E. Doe and Jones
Smith and Edwards
Smith and Johnson

            
 
mininit/minfull
      
              
             
              
       
John Doe/William Jones
Edward Doe
 maxnames=1uniquename=init/full   
J. Doe et al.
E. Doe
 uniquename=mininit/minfull
Doe et al.
Doe
            
4.11.4.2 Lists of Names (uniquelist)
         
labelname
    
maxnames
minnames
        
    uniquelist     
Doe/Jones/Smith 2005
Smith/Johnson/Doe 2005
Smith/Doe/Edwards 2005
Smith/Doe/Jones 2005
          
 maxnames=1   
Doe et al. 2005
Smith et al. 2005a
Smith et al. 2005b
Smith et al. 2005c
             
            
              
           

maxnames
minnames
  
uniquelist
 
   uniquelist=true   
Doe et al. 2005
Smith, Johnson et al. 2005
Smith, Doe and Edwards 2005
Smith, Doe and Jones 2005


uniquelist
 
maxnames
minnames
   
              
          
uniquelist
  
  uniquename    
John Doe/Allan Johnson/William Jones 2009
John Doe/Edward Johnson/William Jones 2009
John Doe/Jane Smith/William Jones 2009
John Doe/John Smith/William Jones 2009
John Doe/John Edwards/William Jones 2009
John Doe/John Edwards/Jack Johnson 2009
 maxnames=1
Doe et al. 2009a
Doe et al. 2009b
Doe et al. 2009c
Doe et al. 2009d
Doe et al. 2009e
Doe et al. 2009f
 maxnames=1uniquename=fulluniquelist=true
Doe, A. Johnson et al. 2009
Doe, E. Johnson et al. 2009
Doe, Jane Smith et al. 2009
Doe, John Smith et al. 2009
Doe, Edwards and Jones 2009
Doe, Edwards and Johnson 2009

uniquelist=minyear
        
        
labelyear
   
              
          
   uniquename=mininit/minfull   
Smith/Jones 2000
Smith/Johnson 2001
 maxnames=1  uniquelist=true   
Smith and Jones 2000
Smith and Johnson 2001
 uniquelist=minyear
Smith et al. 2000
Smith et al. 2001

uniquelist=minyear
           
               
   
uniquelist=true
     
            
  

Vogel/Beast/Garble/Rook 2000
Vogel/Beast/Tremble/Bite 2000
Vogel/Beast/Acid/Squeeze 2001
 maxnames=3minnames=1uniquelist=true   
Vogel, Beast, Garble et al. 2000
Vogel, Beast, Tremble et al. 2000
Vogel, Beast, Acid et al. 2001
 uniquelist=minyear
Vogel, Beast, Garble et al. 2000
Vogel, Beast, Tremble et al. 2000
Vogel et al. 2001
   
uniquelist = minyear
  
maxnames
minnames
           
   
4.11.5 Trackers in Floats and TOC/LOT/LOF
                 
             
           
               
            
            
backref
               

4.11.6 Mixing Programming Interfaces
          

\DeclareBibliographyDriver
      
     
bbx

\DeclareCiteCommand
  
       
cbx
      
        
\fullcite

             
 
\DeclareCiteCommand{\fullcite}
{...}
{\usedriver{...}{\thefield{entrytype}}}
{...}
{...}
              
   
\DeclareBibliographyDriver
   
              
      

\ProvidesFile{example.cbx}[2007/06/09 v1.0 biblatex citation style]
\DeclareCiteCommand{\cite}
{...}
{\usedriver{...}{cite:\thefield{entrytype}}}
{...}
{...}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:article}{...}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:book}{...}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:inbook}{...}
...
           
       
@incollection

    
@collection
      
      
   Title of article    
    Title of collection   
            
        
xref

crossref
   
    
\ProvidesFile{example.bbx}[2007/06/09 v1.0 biblatex bibliography style]
\DeclareCiteCommand{\bbx@xref}
{}
{...}% code for cross-references
{}
{}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{incollection}{%
...
\iffieldundef{xref}
{...}% code if no cross-reference
{\bbx@xref{\thefield{xref}}}%
...
}
 
\bbx@xref
 
hprecodei
hpostcodei
 
hsepcodei
 
\DeclareCiteCommand
         
         
hloopcodei

\bbx@xref
    
xref
            
 
\iffieldxref
\iflistxref
 
\ifnamexref
    
       \entrydata    
\ProvidesFile{example.bbx}[2007/06/09 v1.0 biblatex bibliography style]

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{incollection}{%
...
\iffieldundef{xref}
{...}% code if no cross-reference
{\entrydata{\thefield{xref}}{%
% code for cross-references
...
}}%
...
}
4.11.7 Using the Punctuation Tracker
4.11.7.1 The Basics
            
           
          
\printfield{title}%
\newunit
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit
\printfield{note}%
    edition        
Title. . Note
 
Title. Note
      
\newunit
 
           

\newunitpunct
         
subsequent
\printfield
\printlist
       
       
\printfield
  
        
       
     \newunit  \newblock 
     
     \printfield   
      
      
        
         all     
   

\printfield{title}%
\newunit
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit
\printfield{note}%
    
edition
    
\printfield
            
\newunit

              
\printfield
   
edition
    
\newunit
          
    
\printfield
  
note
  
                  
             
     
               
              
             
              
\iffieldundef
         
               
  
\iffieldundef{title}%
{\iffieldundef{edition}
{\printfield{note}}
{\printfield{edition}%
\iffieldundef{note}%
{}
{. \printfield{note}}}}
{\printfield{title}%
\iffieldundef{edition}
{}
{. \printfield{edition}}%
\iffieldundef{note}
{}
{. \printfield{note}}}%
4.11.7.2 Common Mistakes
             
           
           
 
\printfield{title}%
\newunit
(\printfield{series} \printfield{number})%
      
Title (. Series Number)

    
\printfield
   
\newunit
             
  next
\printfield
     
          
\printfield
         
 any          
  
\bibopenparen

\mkbibparens
    
 
\printtext
         
             
\printtext
  
\printtext
       
             
                 
   
\printfield{series}
    
        
\printfield{title}%
\newunit
\printtext{(}%
\printfield{series}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printfield{number}%
\printtext{)}%
            
             
  
\DeclareFieldFormat{parens}{\mkbibparens{#1}}
      
\printfield

\printtext
  
            
\printtext[parens]{%
\printfield{series}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printfield{number}%
}%
                
    
\iffieldundef{series}
{}
{\printtext[parens]{%
\printfield{series}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printfield{number}}}%
             
   
\bibstring
     
           \printtext 

4.11.7.3 Advanced Usage
            
      
location
publisher
 
year

            
...text. Location: Publisher, Year. Text...
...text. Location: Publisher. Text...
...text. Location: Year. Text...
...text. Publisher, Year. Text...
...text. Location. Text...
...text. Publisher. Text...
...text. Year. Text...
          
\iflistundef

\iffieldundef        
\iflistundef{location}
{\iflistundef{publisher}
{\printfield{year}}
{\printlist{publisher}%
\iffieldundef{year}
{}
{, \printfield{year}}}}
{\printlist{location}%
\iflistundef{publisher}%
{\iffieldundef{year}
{}
{: \printfield{year}}}
{: \printlist{publisher}%
\iffieldundef{year}
{}
{, \printfield{year}}}}%
            
\ifthenelse
          
           
\newunit
\printlist{location}%
\setunit*{\addcolon\space}%
\printlist{publisher}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{year}%
\newunit
              
          
          
...text. Location: Publisher, Year. Text...
...text. Location: Publisher. Text...
...text. Location, Year. Text...

...text. Publisher, Year. Text...
...text. Location. Text...
...text. Publisher. Text...
...text. Year. Text...
       
\newunit
\printlist{location}%
\iflistundef{publisher}
{\setunit*{\addcomma\space}}
{\setunit*{\addcolon\space}}%
\printlist{publisher}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{year}%
\newunit
              

\iflistundef
          
 
4.11.8 Custom Localization Modules
             
          


            
          
\DefineBibliographyStrings
       
cbx

bbx
          
     
\DeclareLanguageMapping
  
      
lbx
    
babel
polyglossia
        
french-humanities.lbx
      
       
babel
polyglossia

french

      
\DeclareLanguageMapping{french}{french-humanities}
      
french
french-humanities.lbx


french.lbx
   

   

    
american-mla.lbx
     
 

         
cbx

bbx 
\DeclareLanguageMapping{american}{american-mla}
  
lbx
      
american.lbx
 american-mla.lbx      
\ProvidesFile{american-mla.lbx}[2008/10/01 v1.0 biblatex localization]
\InheritBibliographyExtras{american}
\DeclareBibliographyStrings{%
inherit = {american},

bibliography = {{Works Cited}{Works Cited}},
references = {{Works Cited}{Works Cited}},
}
\endinput

lbx
          
            

american
  
american-mla.lbx
    
american.lbx
         
        
american.lbx

    american-mla.lbx
 
\DeclareLanguageMapping
     
        
babel
polyglossia
   
USenglish

american
  
babel
polyglossia
 
USenglish
    
american
    
USenglish.lbx
 
    
american.lbx
     

english.lbx
         
babel
polyglossia
         
          
lbx
              
 
portuges
     
portuges.lbx

babel
polyglossia
   
brasil
  
brasil.lbx
    
portuges.lbx
   
  
\DeclareLanguageMapping
  stylistic  
     



      
    lbx 
4.11.9 Grouping
               
              
               
            
             
             
      
\printbibliography
 
              
    
hitem codei

\defbibenvironment
     
     
\printbiblist
   
             
 hitem codei \defbibenvironment      
    
\DeclareCiteCommand
 
          
hprecodei
hsepcodei
hloopcodei
 
hpostcodei
 
hloopcodei
 
          
hwrapperi
 
            
      

           
\DeclareCiteCommand
       
 
\printfile
\printtext
\printfield
\printlist
 
\printnames
        
       

lbx
         
lbx
  
     
\DeclareBibliographyExtras
  
   
  
\aftergroup
      
             
              
       at least one       

4.11.10 Namespaces
             
              

foobar
           
\FB@macro

\foo@macro
 
\macro

\@macro
    
      
blx
    
\blx@name
      
            
           
             
              
   blx      
abx
  
abx
          
            
        abx   
bbx            
cbx            
lbx
           
            
            
 \lbx@es@macro
Appendix
A Default Driver Source Mappings
          
bibtex

ris
            
         

A.1 bibtex

bibtex
           
           
        
\DeclareDriverSourcemap[datatype=bibtex]{
\map{
\step[typesource=conference, typetarget=inproceedings]
\step[typesource=electronic, typetarget=online]
\step[typesource=www, typetarget=online]
}
\map{
\step[typesource=mastersthesis, typetarget=thesis, final]
\step[fieldset=type, fieldvalue=mathesis]
}
\map{
\step[typesource=phdthesis, typetarget=thesis, final]
\step[fieldset=type, fieldvalue=phdthesis]
}
\map{
\step[typesource=techreport, typetarget=report, final]
\step[fieldset=type, fieldvalue=techreport]
}
\map{
\step[fieldsource=address, fieldtarget=location]
\step[fieldsource=school, fieldtarget=institution]
\step[fieldsource=annote, fieldtarget=annotation]
\step[fieldsource=archiveprefix, fieldtarget=eprinttype]
\step[fieldsource=journal, fieldtarget=journaltitle]
\step[fieldsource=primaryclass, fieldtarget=eprintclass]
\step[fieldsource=key, fieldtarget=sortkey]
\step[fieldsource=pdf, fieldtarget=file]
}
}
A.2 endnotexml

endnotexml
          
             
              
            
           
\DeclareDriverSourcemap[datatype=endnotexml]{
\map{
\step[typesource={Aggregated Database}, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource={Ancient Text}, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource=Artwork, typetarget=artwork]
\step[typesource={Audiovisual Material}, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource=Bill, typetarget=jurisdiction]
\step[typesource=Blog, typetarget=online]

\step[typesource=Book, typetarget=book]
\step[typesource={Book Section}, typetarget=inbook]
\step[typesource=Case, typetarget=jurisdiction]
\step[typesource=Catalog, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource={Chart or Table}, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource={Classical Work}, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource={Computer Program}, typetarget=software]
\step[typesource={Conference Paper}, typetarget=inproceedings]
\step[typesource={Conference Proceedings}, typetarget=proceedings]
\step[typesource=Dictionary, typetarget=inreference]
\step[typesource={Edited Book}, typetarget=collection]
\step[typesource={Electronic Article}, typetarget=article]
\step[typesource={Electronic Book}, typetarget=book]
\step[typesource={Encyclopedia}, typetarget=reference]
\step[typesource=Equation, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource=Figure, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource={Film or Broadcast}, typetarget=movie]
\step[typesource={Government Document}, typetarget=report]
\step[typesource=Grant, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource=Hearing, typetarget=jurisdiction]
\step[typesource={Journal Article}, typetarget=article]
\step[typesource={Legal Rule or Regulation}, typetarget=legislation]
\step[typesource={Magazine Article}, typetarget=article]
\step[typesource=Manuscript, typetarget=unpublished]
\step[typesource=Map, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource={Newspaper Article}, typetarget=article]
\step[typesource={Online Database}, typetarget=online]
\step[typesource={Online Multimedia}, typetarget=online]
\step[typesource=Pamphlet, typetarget=booklet]
\step[typesource=Patent, typetarget=patent]
\step[typesource={Personal Communication}, typetarget=letter]
\step[typesource=Report, typetarget=report]
\step[typesource=Serial, typetarget=periodical]
\step[typesource=Standard, typetarget=standard]
\step[typesource=Statute, typetarget=legislation]
\step[typesource=Thesis, typetarget=thesis]
\step[typesource={Unpublished Work}, typetarget=unpublished]
\step[typesource={Web Page}, typetarget=online]
}
\map{
\step[fieldsource={electronic-resource-num}, fieldtarget=eprint]
\step[fieldsource={alt-title}, fieldtarget=shorttitle]
\step[fieldsource={meeting-place}, fieldtarget=venue]
\step[fieldsource={pub-location}, fieldtarget=location]
\step[fieldsource={orig-pub}, fieldtarget=origpublisher]
\step[fieldsource={authors}, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource={secondary-authors}, fieldtarget=editor]
\step[fieldsource={tertiary-authors}, fieldtarget=commentator]
\step[fieldsource={subsidiary-authors}, fieldtarget=translator]
\step[fieldsource={year}, fieldtarget=date]
\step[fieldsource={pub-dates}, fieldtarget=date]

\step[fieldsource={num-vols}, fieldtarget=volumes]
\step[fieldsource={call-num}, fieldtarget=library]
\step[fieldsource={notes}, fieldtarget=note]
\step[fieldsource={secondary-title}, fieldtarget=subtitle]
\step[fieldsource={work-type}, fieldtarget=type]
}
\map{
\pertype{Edited Book}
\step[fieldsource=contributors/authors, fieldtarget=contributors/editor]
}
\map{
\pertype{Electronic Article}
\pertype{Journal Article}
\pertype{Magazine Article}
\pertype{Newspaper Article}
\step[fieldsource=isbn, fieldtarget=issn]
}
\map{
\pertype{Patent}
\pertype{Report}
\pertype{Government Document}
\pertype{Legal Rule or Regulation}
\step[fieldsource=isbn, fieldtarget=number]
}
\map{
\pertype{Blog}
\pertype{Online Database}
\pertype{Online Multimedia}
\pertype{Web Page}
\step[fieldsource={titles/secondary-title}, fieldtarget={titles/title}]
}
\map{
\pertype{Book Section}
\step[fieldsource={titles/secondary-title}, fieldtarget={titles/booktitle}]
}
\map{
\pertype{Book}
\pertype{Electronic Book}
\pertype{Manuscript}
\pertype{Unpublished Work}
\step[fieldsource={titles/secondary-title}, fieldtarget={titles/series}]
}
\map{
\pertype{Conference Paper}
\pertype{Conference Proceedings}
\step[fieldsource={titles/secondary-title}, fieldtarget={titles/eventtitle}]
}
\map{
\pertype{Electronic Article}
\pertype{Journal Article}
\pertype{Magazine Article}

\pertype{Newspaper Article}
\step[fieldsource={titles/secondary-title}, fieldtarget={titles/journaltitle}]
}
\map{
\pertype{Book Section}
\step[fieldsource={titles/tertiary-title}, fieldtarget={titles/booktitle}]
}
\map{
\pertype{Conference Proceedings}
\pertype{periodical}
\step[fieldsource={titles/tertiary-title}, fieldtarget={titles/series}]
}
}
A.3 ris

ris
    
ris
        
                
     
\DeclareDriverSourcemap[datatype=ris]{
\map{
\step[typesource=ART, typetarget=artwork]
\step[typesource=BILL, typetarget=jurisdiction]
\step[typesource=BOOK, typetarget=book]
\step[typesource=CHAP, typetarget=inbook]
\step[typesource=COMP, typetarget=software]
\step[typesource=CONF, typetarget=proceedings]
\step[typesource=GEN, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource=JFULL, typetarget=article]
\step[typesource=JOUR, typetarget=article]
\step[typesource=MGZN, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource=MPCT, typetarget=movie]
\step[typesource=NEWS, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource=PAMP, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource=PAT, typetarget=patent]
\step[typesource=PCOMM, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource=RPRT, typetarget=report]
\step[typesource=SER, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource=SLIDE, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource=SOUND, typetarget=audio]
\step[typesource=STAT, typetarget=legal]
\step[typesource=THES, typetarget=thesis]
\step[typesource=UNBILL, typetarget=jurisdiction]
\step[typesource=UNPB, typetarget=unpublished]
}
\map{
\step[fieldsource=Y1, fieldtarget=date]
\step[fieldsource=PY, fieldtarget=date]
\step[fieldsource=Y2, fieldtarget=eventdate]
\step[fieldsource=A1, fieldtarget=author]

\step[fieldsource=AU, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource=A2, fieldtarget=editor]
\step[fieldsource=A3, fieldtarget=editor]
\step[fieldsource=ED, fieldtarget=editor]
\step[fieldsource=SPEP, fieldtarget=pages]
\step[fieldsource=N1, fieldtarget=note]
\step[fieldsource=N2, fieldtarget=abstract]
\step[fieldsource=AB, fieldtarget=abstract]
\step[fieldsource=JO, fieldtarget=journaltitle]
\step[fieldsource=JF, fieldtarget=journaltitle]
\step[fieldsource=JA, fieldtarget=shortjournal]
\step[fieldsource=VL, fieldtarget=volume]
\step[fieldsource=IS, fieldtarget=issue]
\step[fieldsource=CP, fieldtarget=issue]
\step[fieldsource=CY, fieldtarget=location]
\step[fieldsource=SN, fieldtarget=isbn]
\step[fieldsource=PB, fieldtarget=publisher]
\step[fieldsource=KW, fieldtarget=keywords]
\step[fieldsource=TI, fieldtarget=title]
\step[fieldsource=U1, fieldtarget=usera]
\step[fieldsource=U2, fieldtarget=userb]
\step[fieldsource=U3, fieldtarget=userc]
\step[fieldsource=U4, fieldtarget=userd]
\step[fieldsource=U5, fieldtarget=usere]
\step[fieldsource=UR, fieldtarget=url]
\step[fieldsource=L1, fieldtarget=file]
}
}
A.4 zoterordfxml

zoterordfxml
   

     
                
                 
             
endnotexml
            
              
             
                  
              
               
   
\DeclareDriverSourcemap[datatype=zoterordfxml]{
\map{
\step[typesource=conferencePaper, typetarget=inproceedings]
\step[typesource=bookSection, typetarget=inbook]
\step[typesource=journalArticle, typetarget=article]
\step[typesource=magazineArticle, typetarget=article]
\step[typesource=newspaperArticle, typetarget=article]
www.zotero.org

\step[typesource=encyclopediaArticle, typetarget=inreference]
\step[typesource=manuscript, typetarget=unpublished]
\step[typesource=document, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource=dictionaryEntry, typetarget=inreference]
\step[typesource=interview, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource=film, typetarget=movie]
\step[typesource=webpage, typetarget=online]
\step[typesource=note, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource=attachment, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource=bill, typetarget=legislation]
\step[typesource=case, typetarget=jurisdiction]
\step[typesource=hearing, typetarget=jurisdiction]
\step[typesource=statute, typetarget=legislation]
\step[typesource=email, typetarget=letter]
\step[typesource=map, typetarget=image]
\step[typesource=blogPost, typetarget=online]
\step[typesource=instantMessage, typetarget=letter]
\step[typesource=forumPost, typetarget=online]
\step[typesource=audioRecording, typetarget=audio]
\step[typesource=presentation, typetarget=inproceedings]
\step[typesource=videoRecording, typetarget=video]
\step[typesource=tvBroadcast, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource=radioBroadcast, typetarget=misc]
\step[typesource=podcast, typetarget=online]
\step[typesource=computerProgram, typetarget=software]
}
\map{
\step[fieldsource=bib:contributors, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource=bib:authors, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource=z:interviewers, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource=z:directors, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource=z:scriptwriters, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource=z:bookAuthor, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource=z:inventors, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource=z:recipients, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource=z:counsels, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource=z:artists, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource=z:podcasters, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource=z:presenters, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource=z:commenters, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource=z:programers, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource=z:composers, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource=z:producers, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource=z:performers, fieldtarget=author]
\step[fieldsource=bib:editors, fieldtarget=editor]
\step[fieldsource=z:translators, fieldtarget=translator]
\step[fieldsource=z:seriesEditors, fieldtarget=editor]
\step[fieldsource=dc:date, fieldtarget=date]
\step[fieldsource=bib:pages, fieldtarget=pages]
\step[fieldsource=dc:title, fieldtarget=title]
\step[fieldsource=z:proceedingsTitle, fieldtarget=title]

\step[fieldsource=z:encyclopediaTitle, fieldtarget=title]
\step[fieldsource=z:dictionaryTitle, fieldtarget=title]
\step[fieldsource=z:websiteTitle, fieldtarget=title]
\step[fieldsource=z:forumTitle, fieldtarget=title]
\step[fieldsource=z:blogTitle, fieldtarget=title]
\step[fieldsource=z:nameOfAct, fieldtarget=title]
\step[fieldsource=z:caseName, fieldtarget=title]
\step[fieldsource=z:meetingName, fieldtarget=eventtitle]
\step[fieldsource=prism:volume, fieldtarget=volume]
\step[fieldsource=numberOfVolumes, fieldtarget=volumes]
\step[fieldsource=z:numPages, fieldtarget=pagetotal]
\step[fieldsource=prism:edition, fieldtarget=edition]
\step[fieldsource=dc:description, fieldtarget=note]
\step[fieldsource=dc:alternative, fieldtarget=shortjournal]
\step[fieldsource=dcterms:abstract, fieldtarget=abstract]
\step[fieldsource=dc:type, fieldtarget=type]
\step[fieldsource=z:shortTitle, fieldtarget=shorttitle]
\step[fieldsource=z:bookTitle, fieldtarget=booktitle]
\step[fieldsource=prism:number, fieldtarget=number]
\step[fieldsource=z:patentNumber, fieldtarget=number]
\step[fieldsource=z:codeNumber, fieldtarget=number]
\step[fieldsource=z:reportNumber, fieldtarget=number]
\step[fieldsource=z:billNumber, fieldtarget=number]
\step[fieldsource=z:documentNumber, fieldtarget=number]
\step[fieldsource=z:publicLawNumber, fieldtarget=number]
\step[fieldsource=z:applicationNumber, fieldtarget=number]
\step[fieldsource=z:episodeNumber, fieldtarget=number]
\step[fieldsource=dc:coverage, fieldtarget=location]
\step[fieldsource=z:university, fieldtarget=institution]
\step[fieldsource=z:language, fieldtarget=language]
\step[fieldsource=z:version, fieldtarget=version]
\step[fieldsource=z:libraryCatalog, fieldtarget=library]
\step[fieldsource=dcterms:isPartOf, fieldtarget=BIBERCUSTOMpartof]
\step[fieldsource=dc:identifier, fieldtarget=BIBERCUSTOMidentifier]
\step[fieldsource=dc:publisher, fieldtarget=BIBERCUSTOMpublisher]
\step[fieldsource=dc:presentedAt, fieldtarget=BIBERCUSTOMpresentedat]
\step[fieldsource=dc:subject, fieldtarget=BIBERCUSTOMsubject]
\step[fieldsource={dcterms:BIBERCUSTOMpartof/bib:Journal},
fieldtarget={dcterms:BIBERCUSTOMpartof/periodical}]
\step[fieldsource={dcterms:BIBERCUSTOMpartof/bib:Book},
fieldtarget={dcterms:BIBERCUSTOMpartof/book}]
\step[fieldsource={dcterms:BIBERCUSTOMpartof/bib:ConferenceProceedings},
fieldtarget={dcterms:BIBERCUSTOMpartof/proceedings}]
}
}
B Default Inheritance Setup
           
       

Types Fields
Source Target Source Target
* * ids
crossref
xref
entryset
entrysubtype
execute
label
options
presort
related
relatedop-
tions
relatedstring
relatedtype
shorthand
shorthandin-
tro
sortkey
mvbookbook inbookbookinbooksuppbook author
author
author
bookauthor
mvbook bookinbookbookinbook
suppbook
title
subtitle
titleaddon
shorttitle
sorttitle
indextitle
indexsortti-
tle
maintitle
mainsubtitle
maintitlead-
don
mvcollection
mvreference
collectionreference
incollectioninreference
suppcollection
title
subtitle
titleaddon
shorttitle
sorttitle
indextitle
indexsortti-
tle
maintitle
mainsubtitle
maintitlead-
don
mvproceedings proceedingsinproceedings title
subtitle
titleaddon
shorttitle
sorttitle
indextitle
indexsortti-
tle
maintitle
mainsubtitle
maintitlead-
don
book inbookbookinbooksuppbook title
subtitle
titleaddon
shorttitle
sorttitle
indextitle
indexsortti-
tle
booktitle
booksubtitle
booktitlead-
don
collection
reference
incollectioninreference
suppcollection
title
subtitle
titleaddon
shorttitle
sorttitle
indextitle
indexsortti-
tle
booktitle
booksubtitle
booktitlead-
don

Types Fields
Source Target Source Target
proceedings inproceedings title
subtitle
titleaddon
shorttitle
sorttitle
indextitle
indexsortti-
tle
booktitle
booksubtitle
booktitlead-
don
periodical articlesuppperiodical title
subtitle
shorttitle
sorttitle
indextitle
indexsortti-
tle
journaltitle
journalsubti-
tle
C Default Sorting Schemes
C.1 Alphabetic Schemes 1
           
      
Option Sorting scheme
nty pre-
sort
,→mm
→sortname
,→author
,→editor
,→transla-
tor
,→sorttitle
,→title
→sorttitle
,→title
→sortyear
,→year
→volume
,→0000
nyt pre-
sort
,→mm
→sortname
,→author
,→editor
,→transla-
tor
,→sorttitle
,→title
→sortyear
,→year
→sortti-
tle
,→title
→volume
,→0000
nyvt pre-
sort
,→mm
→sortname
,→author
,→editor
,→transla-
tor
,→sorttitle
,→title
→sortyear
,→year
→volume
,→0000
→sorttitle
,→title
 pre-
sort
,→mm
→sortkey
C.2 Alphabetic Schemes 2
        
alphabetic

         

Option Sorting scheme
anyt pre-
sort
,→mm
→labelal-
pha
→sortname
,→author
,→editor
,→transla-
tor
,→sorttitle
,→title
→sortyear
,→year
→sortti-
tle
,→title
→volume
,→0000
anyvt pre-
sort
,→mm
→labelal-
pha
→sortname
,→author
,→editor
,→transla-
tor
,→sorttitle
,→title
→sortyear
,→year
→volume
,→0000
→sortti-
tle
,→title
 pre-
sort
,→mm
→labelal-
pha
→sortkey
C.3 Chronological Schemes
          
      
Option Sorting scheme
ynt pre-
sort
,→mm
→sortyear
,→year
,→9999
→sortname
,→author
,→editor
,→transla-
tor
,→sorttitle
,→title
→sorttitle
,→title
ydnt pre-
sort
,→mm
→sortyear 
,→year 
,→9999
→sortname
,→author
,→editor
,→transla-
tor
,→sorttitle
,→title
→sorttitle
,→title
 pre-
sort
,→mm
→sortkey
D Option Scope
          
  
Option Scope
Load-time Global Per-type Per-entry
abbreviate • •  
alldates • •  
arxiv • •  
autocite • •  
autopunct • •  
autolang • •  
backend •

Option Scope
Load-time Global Per-type Per-entry
backref • •  
backrefsetstyle • •  
backrefstyle • •  
bibencoding • •  
bibstyle •
bibwarn • •  
block • •  
citecounter • •  
citereset • •  
citestyle •
citetracker • •  
clearlang • •  
datamodel •
dataonly   • •
date • •  
dateabbrev • •  
datezeros • •  
defernumbers • •  
doi • •  
eprint • •  
eventdate • •  
firstinits • •  
hyperref • •  
ibidtracker • •  
idemtracker • •  
indexing • • • •
isbn • •  
labelalpha •••
labelnamefield •
labelnameform •
labelnamelang •
labelnumber •••
labeltitle •••
labeltitlefield •
labeltitleform •
labeltitlelang •
labeltitleyear •••
labeldate •••
language • •  
loadfiles • •  
loccittracker • •  
maxalphanames • • • •
maxbibnames • • • •
maxcitenames • • • •
maxitems • • • •
maxnames • • • •
maxparens • •  
mcite •
minalphanames • • • •
minbibnames • • • •
mincitenames • • • •
mincrossrefs • •  
minitems • • • •
minnames • • • •
natbib •
notetype • •  
opcittracker • •  
openbib • •  
origdate • •  
pagetracker • •  

Option Scope
Load-time Global Per-type Per-entry
parentracker • •  
punctfont • •  
refsection • •  
refsegment • •  
safeinputenc • •  
singletitle •••
skipbib   • •
skiplab   • •
skiplos   • •
sortcase • •  
sortcites • •  
sortfirstinits • •  
sorting • •  
sortlocale • •  
sortlos • •  
sortupper • •  
style •
terseinits • •  
texencoding • •  
uniquelist • • • •
uniquename • • • •
urldate • •  
url • •  
useauthor • • • •
useeditor • • • •
useprefix • • • •
usetranslator • • • •
E Revision History
              
               
               
     improved  extended     
             
            
        modifiedrenamed  removed
          
            
       
2.9a 2014
resetnumbers         
2.9 2014-02-25
                             
              
 sortinithash    
       
 \mkbibitalic  
 begentry  finentry         

2.8a 2013-11-25
  language=auto  language=autocite 
language=autobib    
2.8 2013-10-21
 langidopts    
hyphenation    langid  
polyglossia 
 babel   autolang  
  
 datelabel=year  
 datelabelsource  
2.7a 2013-07-14
       \finalandsemicolon
  
2.7 2013-07-07
  eventtitleaddon      
 \ifentryinbib\iffirstcitekey  \iflastcitekey 
 postpunct   multiprenote 
multipostnote   
 \UseBibitemHook\AtEveryMultiCite\AtNextMultiCite
\UseEveryCiteHook\UseEveryCitekeyHook
\UseEveryMultiCiteHook\UseNextCiteHook
\UseNextCitekeyHook\UseNextMultiCiteHook
\DeferNextCitekeyHook  

\textcite
        

    \volcite          
 \finalandsemicolon  
   \textcitedelim  \textcite  
 
    
    
2.6 2013-04-30
 \printunit  
  clonesourcekey    
   \DeclareLabelalphaTemplate    
 \DeclareLabeldate   \DeclareLabelyear     
 nodate  
 \rangelen  
    \citeauthor  \Citeauthor  

  url   urlfrom        
 \AtNextBibliography  
          
    
      
  
         
  
2.5 2013-01-10
 url          

         
          
    
2.4 2012-11-28
 relatedoptions     
 \DeclareStyleSourcemap    
 \DeclareDefaultSourcemap  \DeclareDriverSourcemap
  
 \DeclareFieldInputHandler
\DeclareListInputHandler  \DeclareNameInputHandler
    
    
2.3 2012-11-01
         
 
    \DeclareSourcemap      
  
   
       relatedtype    
 \csfield  \usefield  
    \usebibmacro  
 \ifbibmacroundef\iffieldformatundef
\iflistformatundef  \ifnameformatundef  
    
  
2.2 2012-08-17
  
 \revsdnamepunct  
 \ifterseinits  

2.1 2012-08-01
  
    
                      
2.0 2012-07-01
  
 singletitle     
    extratitleyear    
   
 \DeclareDefaultSourcemap    
 labeltitle     
    extratitle    
   labeltitle     
  reprinttitle    
                                
 \DeclareNoinit    
 \DeclareNosort    
 sorting   \printbibliography 
\printshorthands    
 ids                            
 sortfirstinits    
                          
                            
 \citeyear*  \citedate*  
1.7 2011-11-13
 xdata     
    xdata    
   xdata    
 maxnamesminnames           
 maxbibnamesminbibnames      
 maxcitenamesmincitenames    
 maxitemsminitems           

maxalphanames
minalphanames

  
 uniquelist                
 uniquename                
 \textcite  \textcites   verbose   
    dateurldateorigdateeventdate 
 \mkcomprange*  

 \mkfirstpage*  
 \volcitedelim  
    \ifentrytype  
 \mkbibneutord  
  biburlnumpenalty  
  biburlucpenalty  
  biburllcpenalty  
   bookpartissueforthcoming  
  lang...  from...             
 
     
     
    textcase 
  
1.6 2011-07-29
   sortshorthand    
  maxnamesminnames  
 maxcitenamesmincitenames       
 maxbibnamesminbibnames       
  maxalphanamesminalphanames    
   maxnamesminnames  \printbibliography

   maxitemsminitems  \printbibliography

   maxnamesminnames  \bibbysection 
   maxitemsminitems  \bibbysection 
   maxnamesminnames  \bibbysegment 
   maxitemsminitems  \bibbysegment 
   maxnamesminnames  \bibbycategory 
   maxitemsminitems  \bibbycategory 
   maxnamesminnames  \printshorthands

   maxitemsminitems  \printshorthands

    volcitevolume  
    volcitepages  
   hash    
 \mkcomprange  
 \mkfirstpage  
 \mkpagefirst  
  

1.5a 2011-06-17
  
1.5 2011-06-08
  uniquename=mininit/minfull    
  uniquelist=minyear    
   uniquename     
   uniquelist     
   uniquename/uniquelist       
   reviser  
   reviserrevisersbyreviser  
   none  
  memoir  
1.4c 2011-05-12
  
1.4b 2011-04-12
  
1.4a 2011-04-06
 uniquename  uniquelist   authortitle   
 uniquename  uniquelist   authoryear     
  
1.4 2011-03-31
   uniquelist    
   uniquelist    
     uniquename    
     uniquename    
 \bibnamedelimi    
 \bibindexnamedelima  
 \bibindexnamedelimb  
 \bibindexnamedelimc  
 \bibindexnamedelimd  
 \bibindexnamedelimi  
 \bibindexinitperiod  
 \bibindexinitdelim  
 \bibindexinithyphendelim  
     
1.3a 2011-03-18
  

1.3 2011-03-14
 @thesis  isbn  
 terseinits   
     \addbibresource        
     \bibliography  
                   
                    
  citecounter  
 citecounter  
 \smartcite  \Smartcite  
 \smartcites  \Smartcites  
 \svolcite  \Svolcite  
 \bibnamedelima    
 \bibnamedelimb    
 \bibnamedelimc  
 \bibnamedelimd  
 \bibinitperiod    
 \bibinitdelim    
 \bibinithyphendelim    
  
 hpositioni f \DeclareAutoCiteCommand  
1.2a 2011-02-13
  \mkbibmonth  
1.2 2011-02-12
   @mvbook  
   @mvcollection  
   @mvproceedings  
   @mvreference  
                              
                          
 \addbibresource  
\bibliography  
\bibliography*   \addglobalbib  
 \addsectionbib  
                        
  crossref                    
 crossref                    
 \DefaultInheritance    
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 \DeclareDataInheritance    
 \ResetDataInheritance    
 \ifkeyword  
 \ifentrykeyword  
 \ifcategory  
 \ifentrycategory  
 \ifdriver  
 \forcsvfield  
 \mkpageprefix  
 \mkpagetotal  
 \mkpagefirst  
   inpreparation  
        
1.1b 2011-02-04
  texencoding    
  safeinputenc    
  
 mergedate     authoryear  
 pass   \DeclareSortingScheme    
  
1.1a 2011-01-08
    @bibnote  
 \bibliography*  
  
1.1 2011-01-05
  maxbibnames  
  minbibnames  
  maxcitenames  
  mincitenames  
 idemtracker=strict  idemtracker=constrict    
  mergedate    authoryear  
   prefixnumbers    alphabetic 
  useprefix                  
  useauthor                  
  useeditor                  
  usetranslator              
  skipbib                   
  skiplos                   

  skiplab                   
  dataonly                   
  labelalpha                 
  labelnumber              
  labelyear                  
  singletitle                
  uniquename                 
  indexing                 
  indexing                
 \ExecuteBibliographyOptions  
 \citedate  
   
                              
 \defbibentryset    
  mcite    
 mcitemciteplus    
 \sortalphaothers    
 \DeclareNameFormat  
 \DeclareIndexNameFormat  
 \DeclareListFormat  
 \DeclareIndexListFormat  
 \DeclareFieldFormat  
 \DeclareIndexFieldFormat  
 \DeclareNameFormat*  
 \DeclareIndexNameFormat*  
 \DeclareListFormat*  
 \DeclareIndexListFormat*  
 \DeclareFieldFormat*  
 \DeclareIndexFieldFormat*  
     
 \DeclareSortingScheme    
 \DeclarePresort    
 \DeclareSortExclusion    
 \DeclareLabelname    
 \DeclareLabelyear    
   labelname    
   labelyear    
 \entrydata*  
 \RequireBiber  
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  check  \printbibliography  
  check  \printshorthands  
 \defbibcheck  
      
   titletoc
  
1.0 2010-11-19
   
  bibencoding=inputenc  bibencoding=auto 
 bibencoding=auto                 
  backend=bibtexu  
                          
      
     
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