Control Chokes Brochure
User Manual: Control Chokes Resource Library
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Control Chokes The industry standard in flow control technology Cameron control choke design incorporates hydrodynamic energy dissipation to reduce erosion problems while ensuring positive flow control. During service, the flow enters the choke inlet and circulates around the annulus between the body and the cage. The cage has an even distribution of ports that determine the maximum flow capacity. The high-velocity fluid streams produced by the flow collide in the center of the cage. Since the fluid streams impinge directly with each other, this enables the most erosive energy to be dissipated. This in turn minimizes the risk of erosion damage to downstream components. Plug & cage trim Our control chokes are designed to provide precise flow control throughout their entire operating range, with a well-proven track record in the field: ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Suitable for a wide variety of applications, including production, injection, artificial lift, flowback, storage, etc. Commonly installed on Christmas trees, manifolds, line heaters, offshore platforms, FPSOs, and other equipment, providing precise flow control under severe service conditions. Available with plug & cage, external-sleeve or multistage trim types. Multiple flow characteristics, including ‘linear’ or ‘equal percentage’, with special trim solutions available in response to specific challenges. Special trim solutions include ultra-low C v, low noise, and well cleanup types. Control chokes offer a complete solution from startup to late life conditions, with the flexibility to easily retrofit various trim types as conditions evolve. Available in manual and actuated configurations, including multiple actuator types. External sleeve trim Plug & Cage The plug & cage control choke uses the plug as the controlling element, and throttles the flow on the internal diameter of the ported cage. The ports in the cage are sized and arranged to give the most appropriate combination of controllability and flow capacity for each application. A major consideration when sizing the choke is the ability to achieve closely managed well startup while also optimizing capacity towards the end of well life to maximize production. The plug & cage design is highly optimized, and incorporates the largest possible flow area, making it ideal for high-capacity applications. Plug & cage chokes also are constructed with a solid tungsten carbide plug tip and inner cage for extended resistance to erosion. It may further be configured with a solid tungsten carbide wear sleeve in the outlet of the body to provide enhanced protection in sandy service. Additional features include: ■■ Large visual indicator provides position in 1/64-in bean as standard. ■■ External grease port lubricates threads and bearings. ■■ Stem lock maintains set position. ■■ Bleed plug assembly vents pressure before disassembly. ■■ ■■ Anti-rotation key translates rotation from the drive bushing into linear movement of the lower stem/flow plug assembly. Two-piece stem is threaded and locked, and is removed from wellbore fluids. Large annulus area reduces the risk of body and trim erosion caused by high velocities. This trim also includes a thick metal outer cage to ensure maximum protection against solid impacts from debris in the flow. ■■ The combined result is a versatile, robust, erosion-resistant trim with suitability for a broad range of challenging applications. All control chokes are available in manually operated or actuated models. Custom-designed trim components to suit a wide variety of C v capacities and flow characteristics also are available. 6 3 5 1 2 7 4 8 Plug & cage control choke features 1 Tungsten carbide plug tip 2 Solid tungsten carbide cage provides optimum wear resistance in erosive conditions 3 Metal body-to-bonnet gasket for absolute pressure containment 4 Fully guided plug reduces side loading and vibration 5 Self-flushing, pressure-balanced ports reduce stem loads and actuator output requirements 6 Heavy-duty thrust bearings reduce operating torque 7 Pressure-balanced seals are a key feature of the pressurebalanced trim arrangement, reducing operating forces and enabling greater ease of adjustment 8 Outer metal cage provides protection from impact damage External Sleeve The external sleeve control choke has a sleeve that throttles the flow on the external diameter of the ported cage. The external sleeve trim is particularly suited for lowcapacity/high pressure-drop applications. The external sleeve is designed specifically for severely erosive service where the combination of high pressure drops and high sand concentrations can reduce the life of a choke. Additional features include: ■■ Large visual indicator provides position in 1/64-in bean as standard. ■■ External grease port lubricates threads and bearings. ■■ Stem lock maintains set position. ■■ Bleed plug assembly vents pressure before disassembly. ■■ Anti-rotation key translates rotation from the drive bushing into linear movement of the lower stem/flow plug assembly. ■■ ■■ Two-piece stem is threaded and locked, and is removed from wellbore fluids. Large annulus area reduces the risk of body and trim erosion caused by high velocities. All control chokes are available in manually operated or actuated models. Custom-designed trim components to suit a wide variety of Cv capacities and flow characteristics also are available. 6 External sleeve control choke features 7 1 Tungsten carbide-lined external sleeve 2 Solid tungsten carbide cage/seat provides optimum wear resistance in erosive conditions 3 Metal body-to-bonnet gasket for absolute pressure containment 4 Reverse angle external sleeve improves flow dynamics within the trim 5 Self-flushing, pressure-balanced ports reduce stem loads and actuator output requirements 6 Heavy-duty thrust bearings reduce operating torque 7 Pressure-balanced seals are a key feature of the pressurebalanced trim arrangement, reducing operating forces and enabling greater ease of adjustment 5 1 3 2 4 Multistage Trim A multistage choke trim is used in applications where high differential pressures result in unacceptably high noise and vibration levels, especially in gas service. Multistage trims also are commonly used to prevent cavitation in the case of liquids, particularly for water injection. The trim works by reducing the pressure over a number of discrete stages, giving a carefully managed pressure profile. Similarly, it manages the velocities within the trim, and prevents the occurrence of undesired flow effects such as sonic velocities and high velocity jetting. In addition to the “concentric cage” type trim illustrated here, Cameron can provide a number of alternative multistage trim options. Additional features include: ■■ ■■ Trim porting and geometry designed to convert potential energy (i.e., pressure) into kinetic energy and heat as a result of viscous energy dissipation. Splits the flow into a number of small streams, reducing the energy levels in each stream. ■■ ■■ ■■ Large trim surface area increases wall friction to slow fluid. Directional changes in trim reduce energy levels. ■■ ■■ Inter-stage chambers allow fluid expansion to reduce velocities. ■■ Fluid passes through repeated compression and expansion phases to further reduce energy levels without high velocities. Pressure-balanced stem and thrust bearings reduce torque, thus minimizing stem loads, actuator requirements, and handwheel torque. Large annulus area reduces the risk of body and trim erosion caused by high velocities. 2 Multistage control choke and trim features 1 1 Metal body-to-bonnet gasket for absolute pressure containment 2 Heavy-duty thrust bearings reduce operating torque 3 Fully guided plug reduces side loading and vibration 4 Outer flow cage provides protection from impact damage 3 4 Multistage cage designs CC15 Control Choke Handle Position indicator Bonnet CC15 choke with linear hydraulic actuation Bonnet nut Stem seal Body Plug/stem assembly Cage assembly CC15 choke plug & cage trim 40 CC15 Choke Flow Curves 80 CC15 control choke API 5K/10K, plug & cage 64 48 20 32 10 16 0 0 0 20 40 60 Percent of travel, % 80 100 Bean size, 1/64 in Choke Cv 30 CC20 Control Choke Position indicator Locking screw Bonnet Bonnet nut Body Body bleed port CC20 choke with pneumatic diaphragm actuation Cage Plug/lower stem CC20 choke plug & cage trim 93 40 80 64 20 48 10 32 0 0 0 20 40 60 Percent of travel, % 80 100 Bean size, 1/64 in CC20 control choke API 5K/10K, plug & cage 30 Choke Cv CC20 Choke Flow Curves CC20 control choke API 5K/10K, external sleeve CC20HP HP/HT API 15K/20K, external sleeve CC30 Control Choke Position Indicator Handwheel Upper stem Bonnet gasket CC30 choke with linear hydraulic actuation Bonnet Plug/lower stem Body Cage assembly CC30 choke plug & cage trim 180 100 150 120 60 90 40 60 20 30 0 0 0 20 40 60 Percent of travel, % 80 100 CC30 control choke API 5K/10K/15K, plug & cage Bean size, 1/64 in 80 Choke Cv CC30 Choke Flow Curves CC30 control choke API 5K, external sleeve CC30HP HP/HT control choke API 10K/15K, external sleeve CC40 Control Choke Jam nuts/ limit stop Stem drive bushing Stem seal Bonnet studs/nut Bonnet CC40 choke with hydraulic stepping actuation Body Plug/lower stem Cage assembly CC40 choke plug & cage trim 260 248 CC40 Choke Flow Curves 220 140 128 100 64 60 20 0 0 20 40 60 Percent of travel, % 80 100 Bean size, 1/64 in Choke Cv CC40 choke API 5K/10K/15K, plug & cage 192 180 CC40 choke API 5K, external sleeve CC40HP HP/HT choke API 10K/15K/20K, external sleeve CC60 Control Choke Position indicator Handwheel Stem drive bushing Upper Stem Bonnet CC60 choke with electric actuation Body Plug/lower stem Cage assembly 500 350 320 400 256 CC60 choke API 5K/10K, plug & cage, equal percent trim 300 192 CC60 choke plug & cage, linear trim 200 128 100 64 0 0 0 20 40 60 Percent of travel, % 80 100 CC60 Choke Flow Curves Bean size, 1/64 in Choke Cv CC60 choke plug & cage trim CC70 Control Choke Position indicator Stem seal Stem Bonnet Studs/Nut CC70 choke Bonnet Body Plug assembly Cage assembly 600 408 384 500 320 400 256 300 192 200 128 100 64 0 0 0 20 40 60 Percent of travel, % 80 100 CC70 Choke Flow Curves CC70 choke API 5K, plug & cage, linear trim Bean size, 1/64 in Choke Cv CC70 choke plug & cage trim CC80 Control Choke Bonnet adaptor Stem Bonnet CC80 choke with electric actuation Body Plug Body bleed port Cage 1000 556 800 450 600 350 250 400 150 200 50 0 0 20 40 60 Percent of travel, % 80 100 CC80 Choke Flow Curves CC80 choke API 5K, plug & cage, linear trim Bean size, 1/64 in Choke Cv CC80 choke plug & cage trim High Temperature and High Pressure Anti-rotation ring Bonnet Ring gasket CC20 external sleeve 15k choke with electric actuation Yoke hub Pressure-balanced seal Body Stem/sleeve assembly Seat/cage assembly CC20 external sleeve HPHT trim choke Our range of control chokes includes a series of models engineered specifically for use in high-pressure, high-temperature service in corrosive/erosive environments. The high-pressure, high-temperature designs utilize metal seals and non-elastomeric seals. These seals are tested and qualified to provide high performance and reliability in sour service, with temperatures up to 400 degF (204 degC) and pressures up to 20,000 psi. Our chokes are used in high CO2 and H2S, high-chloride, and high-temperature environments, and employ modern corrosion-resistant alloys (CRAs) to provide trouble-free service life. Low-alloy steel bodies are lined with nickel alloy 625 in a weld cladding process, providing a thick, impervious layer of the CRA bonded to the base material. The other components employ similar corrosion-resistant alloys in their construction. Control Choke Sizing and Flow Testing Choke sizing program Selection of the correct trim size and type is vital to the successful and reliable operation of a choke. Cameron offers a computer-based choke sizing program to optimize choke sizing and selection for the customer. Based on flow and pressure requirements of the application, the program analyzes and specifies the optimum choke size and trim configuration. Features of the choke sizing program include: ■■ ■■ Capability to size a large number of chokes and flow conditions Modular sizing program structure that enables the addition of new choke and choke trim data updates as needed ■■ Graphics capabilities ■■ Project worksheet and Cv curve printouts ■■ Choke valve sizing per ANSI/ISA S75.01 specifications ■■ Flow testing per ANSI/ISA S75.02 specifications ■■ Noise prediction and testing per ANSI/ISA S75.07 specifications The research and testing facility in Houston, Texas. Consult Cameron for additional information. Control Choke Flow Capacity (Cv) Comparison 1100 1000 900 High-pressure/high-temperature plug & cage or external sleeve 1006 In addition to testing control chokes across a wide range of pressures, Cameron measures flow rates and noise in a flow loop per ISA specifications. External sleeve Plug & cage 800 700 649 Cv 600 544 500 400 400 300 245 200 134 100 35 45 23 34 CC15 CC20 0 46 60 CC30 168 We have an extensive erosion test facility with specially designed equipment, yielding high differential pressure capabilities, as well as variable abrasive content flow. 86 CC40 Control choke model Note: Standard trims are shown. A full range of trim sizes are available. CC60 CC70 CC80 Material Specifications for Choke and Trim Control Choke Valve Standard Materials of Construction Component API 6A materials class AA, BB, DD†, EE † ‡ Valve body/bonnet AISI 4130 Flange‡ AISI 4130/ASTM A350 LF2 Stem (wetted) Bolting§ Slip-fit gasket Bonnet gasket Junk ring Retaining ring 17-4 pH SS ASTM 320 L7M PTFE 316 SS 316 SS Ni-alloy, X-750 CC†, FF AISI 410, Duplex SS UNS 31803, Super Duplex SS UNS 32760, A182 F6NM SS AISI 410, Duplex SS UNS 31803, Super Duplex SS UNS 32760, A182 F6NM SS 17-4 pH SS ASTM 320 L7M PTFE 316 SS 316 SS Ni-alloy, X-750 HH† AISI 4130 with Ni-alloy clad AISI 4130 with Ni-alloy clad/ ASTM A350 LF2 with Ni-alloy clad 718 Ni-alloy ASTM 320 L7M PTFE 825 Ni-alloy 825 Ni-alloy Ni-alloy, X-750 † Materials meet the requirements of NACE MR-01-75/ISO 15156 specifications. Pressure-containing components are Charpy impact-tested at or below designed temperature. § Bolting can be zinc plated, Xylan® coated, or hot-dip galvanized. Note: Specifications are subject to change without notice. ‡ Trim Material Selection Based on Material Class and Flow Service Material class Service Wear components Non-wear components AA, BB, CC, Non-erosive 17-4 SS 17-4 SS DD, EE, FF Erosive Tungsten carbide 17-4 SS Stellite® 17-4 SS Cavitation† HH Non-erosive Ni-alloy 718 Ni-alloy 718 Erosive Tungsten carbide Ni-alloy 718 Available Material for Seals Seal type Static-bore O-rings Static-bore backup rings Dynamic-bore T-seals Dynamic-bore wear rings Spring-energized lip seal † † Cavitation available by special order. Includes low-temperature nitrile. We provide a wide variety of control choke trims capable of Class IV and Class V shutoff per ANSI B16.104 specifications. Sealing materials Nitrile†, Viton®, PTFE, CAMLAST* Nitrile, PTFE Nitrile†, Viton, Epichloro-Hydrin, CAMLAST Virgin Peek PTFE Elgiloy Spring Control Chokes cameron.slb.com/controlchokes * Mark of Schlumberger Other company, product, and service names are the properties of their respective owners. Copyright © 2016 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. SUR-1020
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