Mapping Of International Internet Public Policy ECN 5157 Ecn162015crp2add1 En
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E/CN.16/2015/CRP.2/Add.1 17 April 2015 Commission on Science and Technology for Development Eighteenth session Geneva, 4-8 May 2015 Mapping of international Internet public policy issues - ADDENDUM DATABASE This document is being reproduced without formal editing. Number of Actor/ Host/ issue in report Venue Name/Description of Mechanism Type of Mechanism Function Mechanism 2 INFRASTRUCTURE AND STANDARDISATION CLUSTER 2.1. Communications infrastructure ITU International Telecommunications Regulations (1988, 2012) ITU Radio Regulations (2007, 2012) of Participation WHO Instrument - Convention Decide (legally Members (governments) binding) Instrument - Convention Decide (legally Members (governments) binding) ITU-T Study Group 13: Future networks including cloud Process Discuss Members (governments) computing, mobile and next-generation networks sectoral members ITU-T work program for International Internet Connectivity, Real- Process Discuss Members (governments) time Protocol, Internet of Things, Cloud sectoral members GATS + Annex on Telecommunications Instrument - Convention Decide (legally Members (governments) binding) Basic Agreement on Telecommunications Instrument - Convention Decide (legally Members (governments) binding) Standards related to LAN, Wireless and broadband Instrument - Standard Decide (legally non- Members (various) binding) observers Mobile telephone standards and regulation Instrument - Standard Decide (legally non- Members binding) Electromagnetic Project research Programme - Research Discuss Members (governments) WHO Model Legislation for Electromagnetic Field Protection ICNIRP ETSI International guidelines for electromagnetic radiation (mobile Instrument - Other telephony) European telecommunication standards Instrument - Standard 3GPP Mobile Broadband Standard (5G) Instrument - Standard ECMA Standards for information and communication systems Instrument - Standard ITU ITU-D Smart Sustainable Development Model initiative Process OLD ITU/UNESCO Broadband Commission for Digital Development Process 2.2. Technical standards ITU ITU WTO WTO IEEE GSMA ITU Instrument - Other ISO ITU-T Study Group 13 Future networks including cloud Process computing, mobile and next-generation networks Work of ISO/IEC JTC 1 Information technology (e.g.. Instrument - Standard Multimedia formats, smart cards, ICT security, programming languages, character sets, etc.) ISO/TC 215 - Electronic health records Instrument - Standard ISO ISO/IEEE ISO/IEEE Medical/Health Device Communication Standard OLD IETF Request for comments (RFC) and best current practice (BCP): Instrument - Standard RFC 2026 “The Internet Standards Process – Revision 3” Instrument - Standard OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF RFC 6810 “The Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) to Router Protocol” BCP 46 / RFC 3013 “Recommended Internet Service Provider Security Services and Procedures” BCP 61 / RFC 3365 “Strong Security Requirements for Internet Engineering Task Force Standards Protocols” BCP 98 / RFC 3427 “The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) Header Field Parameter Registry for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)” BCP 9 / Concatenation of RFC 2026, RFC 5657, RFC 6410, RFC 7100, and RFC 712 BCP 99 / RFC 3427, RFC 5727, and RFC 3969 “The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) Parameter Registry for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)” BCP 106 / RFC 4086 “Randomness Requirements for Security” OLD IETF OLD IETF Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard BCP 107 / RFC 4107 “Guidelines for Cryptographic Key Instrument - Standard Management” BCP 122 / RFC 4632 “Randomness Requirements for Security” Instrument - Standard Discuss Members (governments) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Discuss (legally non- Members (various) observers (legally non- Members (various) observers (legally non- Members (various) observers (legally non- Members (various) observers Members (governments) sectoral members Discuss Members (diverse) Discuss Decide Members (governments) sectoral members Members Intersectoral Approach Ad hoc coordination Coverage Regional/Panregional/Global Policy, capacity Gap in the coverage of non-technical aspects in the standard setting. Insufficient data and research on the impact of standardization on non-technical aspects of Internet public policies. Gap in the participation of governments and stakeholders with non-technical expertise in the development of standards. + Exclusive coverage Global (technical) Ad hoc coordination Global Structured coordination across policy sectors Structured coordination across policy sectors + Structured coordination across policy sectors + Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Regional + Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Global Global Regional + Exclusive coverage Global (technical) Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Exclusive (technical) coverage Global Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) coverage Global Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) coverage Global Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) coverage Global (legally non- Open - full participation Insufficient policies, guidelines, practises and capacity building to address the regulatory border zone between Internet and telecommunications. Exclusive coverage Global (trade) Ad hoc coordination Global Global (legally non- Open - full participation Policy, implementation Global Ad hoc coordination (legally non- Open - full participation Possible Gap or Gap submitted to the Correspondence Group Exclusive coverage Global (technical) + Exclusive coverage Global (technical) + Ad hoc coordination Global Decide (legally non- Members binding) Decide (legally non- Members binding) Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) (legally non- Open - full participation Type of Possible Gap 1 coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global OLD IETF BCP 136 / RFC 5266 “Secure Connectivity and Mobility Using Instrument - Standard Mobile IPv4 and IKEv2 Mobility and Multihoming (MOBIKE)” Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Exclusive (technical) coverage Global OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF Instrument - Standard OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF RFC 3654 “Requirements for Separation of IP Control and Forwarding” RFC 3746 “Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Framework” RFC 4655 “A Path Computation Element (PCE)-Based Architecture” RFC 4657 “Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol Generic Requirements” RFC 5693 “Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Problem Statement” RFC 5810 “Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Protocol Specification” RFC 5812 “Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Forwarding Element Model” RFC 6690 “Constrained RESTful Environments (CoRE) Link Format” RFC 6707 “Content Distribution Network Interconnection (CDNI) Problem Statement” RFC 6708 “Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Requirements” RFC 6770 “Use Cases for Content Delivery Network Interconnection” RFC 6920 “Naming Things with Hashes” OLD IETF Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Discuss Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) coverage Global IETF BCP 146 / RFC 5406 “Guidelines for Specifying the Use of IPsec Version 2” BCP 155 / RFC 5855 “Name servers for IPv4 and IPv6 Reverse Zones” BCP 173 / RFC 6484 “Certificate Policy (CP) for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI)” BCP 174 / RFC 6489 “Certification Authority (CA) Key Rollover in the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI)” BCP 175 / RFC 6557 “Procedures for Maintaining the Time Zone Database” RFC 3746 “Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Framework” RFC 4655 “A Path Computation Element (PCE)-Based Architecture” RFC 4657 “Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol Generic Requirements” RFC 5693 “Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Problem Statement” RFC 5810 “Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Protocol Specification” RFC 5812 “Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Forwarding Element Model” RFC 6690 “Constrained RESTful Environments (CoRE) Link Format” RFC 6707 “Content Distribution Network Interconnection (CDNI) Problem Statement” RFC 6708 “Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Requirements” RFC 6770 “Use Cases for Content Delivery Network Interconnection” RFC 6920 “Naming Things with Hashes” Instrument - Standard OLD IETF UNICODE OLD IETF IAB 2.3. Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard RFC 5704 “Uncoordinated Protocol Development Considered Instrument - Standard Harmful” Emerging issues research: SDN, Cloud, Content distributed Process related work, Segment Routing, Interface to the Routing System and Service Function Chaining UTC Standards Instrument - Standard (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation Open - full participation Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) IESG Publication 'Problem Statement: Overlays for Network Instrument - Other Discuss n/a Virtualization" Supervision and consultations Process - Consultations Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global Ad hoc coordination Global n/a n/a Ad hoc coordination Global Policy, capacity Web standards W3C HML Open Web Platform standards for web design, applications and Instrument - Standard architecture HyperText Markup Language Instrument - Standard Decide (legally non- Members binding) Decide (legally non- Members binding) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) 2 coverage Global coverage Global Gaps in the coverage of non-technical aspects in the standard setting and in the participation of governments and non-technical experts in the development of standards. Insufficient data and research on the impact of standardization on non-technical aspects of Internet public policies. 2.4. Internet protocol numbers ICANN OLD ICANN/PITA OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF IETF IETF IETF IETF OLD OLD RFC 1518 'An Architecture for IP Address Allocation with CIDR (September 1993) RFC 4443 “Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification” RFC 4449 “Securing Mobile IPv6 Route Optimization Using a Static Shared Key” RFC 4472 “Operational Considerations and Issues with IPv6 DNS” RFC 4477 “Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP): IPv4 and IPv6 Dual-Stack Issues" RFC 4659 “BGP-MPLS IP Virtual Private Network (VPN) Extension for IPv6 VPN” RFC 5157 “IPv6 Implications for Network Scanning” Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard RFC 6883 “IPv6 Guidance for Internet Content Providers and Instrument - Standard Application Service Providers” RFC 2050 - Guidelines for allocation of IP numbers Instrument - Standard RFC 6180: Guidelines for Using IPv6 Transition Mechanisms during IPv6 Deployment RFC 6589: Considerations for Transitioning Content to IPv6 Instrument - Standard RFC 7059: A Comparison of IPv6-over-IPv4 Tunnel Mechanisms RFC 7381: Enterprise IPv6 Deployment Guidelines Instrument - Standard NROs - Number Distribution of IP numbers Resource Organisations Transition to IPv6 (APNIC, RIPE ITU ITU IPTV IPv6 Global Testbed project ITU 2.5. Allocation of IP and AS numbers, protocol and parameter Process numbers Memorandum of understanding Instrument Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Process - Coordination Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Implement Open - full participation Members (governments) observers Open - full participation Open - full participation Open - full participation Open - full participation Open - full participation Open - full participation Open - full participation Open - full participation Open - full participation Open - full participation Open - full participation Open - full participation Open - full participation Open - full participation Process - Consultations Implement Open - full participation Programme - Capacity Implement development ITU BDT Capacity building activities and events dealing with Programme -Capacity Implement technical, policy and development aspects of the adoption of development IPv6 Open- full participation Members (governments) sectoral members Coordination of the DNS system ICANN Government Advisory Committee (GAC) ICANN ICANN ISO OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF Process Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Process - Consultations Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (binding for Process Implement Open - full participation registrars) Applicant Guidebook and Registrar Accreditation Agreement Instrument - Other Implement Open - full participation (2013) ISO 3166-1 standard ‘Codes for the Representation of Names Instrument - Standard Decide (legally non- Members of Countries and Their Subdivisions” binding) RFC 1034 'Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities' Instrument - Standard Decide (legally non- Open - full participation (November, 1987) binding) RFC 1035 'Domain Names - Implementation and Specification' Instrument - Standard Decide (legally non- Open - full participation (November, 1987) binding) RFC 1591 'Domain Name System Structure and Delegation, Instrument - Standard Decide (legally non- Open - full participation Jon Postel' (March 1994) binding) RFC 4033 “DNS Security Introduction and Requirements” Instrument - Standard Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) RFC 3912 “WHOIS Protocol Specification” Instrument - Standard Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) RFC 6394 “Use Cases and Requirements for DNS-Based Instrument - Standard Decide (legally non- Open - full participation Authentication of Named Entities (DANE)” binding) RFC 6698 “The DNS-Based Authentication of Named Entities Instrument - Standard Decide (legally non- Open - full participation (DANE) Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol: TLSA” binding) BCP 16 / RFC 2182 “Selection and Operation of Secondary Instrument - Standard Decide (legally non- Open - full participation DNS Servers” binding) BCP 17 / RFC 2219 “Use of DNS Aliases for Network Services” Instrument - Standard Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) BCP 32 / RFC 6761 and RFC 2606 “Reserved Top Level DNS Instrument - Standard Decide (legally non- Open - full participation Names” binding) BCP 33 / RFC 3406 and RFC 2611 “URN Namespace Instrument - Standard Decide (legally non- Open - full participation Definition Mechanisms” binding) Gap in the implementation of the transition from IPv4 to IPv6. Insufficient awareness, data and research on the topic. Gap in terms of tension between diverging views on the management of Internet protocol numbers. Capacity, policy Gap in the representation of stakeholder groups relevant to the subject matters. Gap in the active participation of countries in GAC. Gap in terms of tension between diverging views concerning the management of DNS. Exclusive coverage Global (technical) + Ad hoc coordination Regional Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) + Exclusive coverage (technical) Global Global Global Global Global Global Global Global Global Global Global Global Global Global Global Global Global Domain name system ICANN Implementation, policy Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Structured coordination Global across policy sectors Ad hoc coordination Global Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) 3 coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global Instrument - Standard IETF BCP 35 / RFC 2717, RFC 2718, RFC 4395 “Guidelines and Registration Procedures for New URI Schemes” BCP 183 / RFC 6963 “A Uniform Resource Name (URN) Namespace for Examples” RFC 1737 “Functional Requirements for Uniform Resource Names” RFC 3061 “A URN Namespace of Object Identifiers” OLD IETF RFC 6763 “DNS-Based Service Discovery” Instrument - Standard OLD IETF RFC 6895 “Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations” Instrument - Standard OLD IETF RFC 3061 “A URN Namespace of Object Identifiers” OLD LACTDL ITU Coordination Process ITU resolutions include ITU Resolution 101 (Rev. Guadalajara, Instrument - Resolution 2010); Resolution 102 (Rev. Guadalajara, 2010), Resolution 133 (Rev. Guadalajara, 2010); ITU Resolution 180 (Guadalajara, 2010); Resolution 63 (Rev. Dubai, 2014) OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard 2.6. Root zone OLD ICANN IANA function - administration of RFC 1591 Process OLD IETF BCP 37 / RFC 2780, RFC 5237 “IANA Allocation Guidelines” Instrument - Standard OLD IETF OLD IETF BCP 40 / RFC 2010, RFC 2870 “Root Name Server Instrument - Standard Operational Requirements” RFC 2870 “Root Name Server Operational Requirements” Instrument - Standard OLD IANA 2.7. Net neutrality OLD OLD IGF Council of Europe Council of Europe EU - BEREC Dynamic coalition on net neutrality Process 2010 Declaration of the Committee of Ministers on Network Instrument - Other Neutrality Model Framework on Net Neutrality Instrument - Other IETF Large-Scale Measurement of Broadband Performance working Process group (performance measurement of broadband access) ISOC Net Neutrality Toolkit OLD 2.8. Root-zone management (TLD assignment of operators and Process technical and administrative maintenance) Net neutrality findings and guidance Instrument - Other Instrument - Other (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation Members (legally non- Members (governments) Decide (legally binding) Decide (legally binding) Decide (legally binding) Decide (legally binding) Implement non- Members (various) observers non- Open - full participation non- Open - full participation non- Open - full participation Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination + Ad hoc coordination Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Global Global Global Global Global Global Global Regional Global ITU-T Focus Group on Cloud Computing (FG Cloud) ITU-D Study Group 1 work on converging environment Process ITU NGN (ITU-T Rec. Y.2001) Instrument - Other OLD IETF OLD Council of Europe W3C W3C RFC 3550 “RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Instrument - Standard Applications” (+ updates) Steering Committee on Media and Information Society (CDMSI) Process Requirements for Home Networking Scenarios, TV Broadcast Process URI Schemes Requirements, Web Audio Processing: Use Process Cases and Requirements Insufficient data and research on traffic management practises and for example, their impact on quality of service, competition, innovation, investments, and protection of human rights. Gap in the evaluation of various regulatory approaches and their effects. Policy, knowledge Gap in regulation, including baseline regulation, in areas that are relevant to cloud computing, insufficient intersectoral analysis of the interplay between cloud computing and other Internet public policy issues. Policy , knowledge Gap in regulation to address convergence. Insufficient research and data on the impact of convergence on other public policy issues. coverage Global coverage Global Discuss Open - full participation Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Decide (legally non- Members + observers binding) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Discuss Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Global Regional Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Global Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Ad hoc coordination Global Members (governments) sectoral members - Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Discuss Members (business) Decide (legally non- Members (business) binding) Discuss Members (diverse) Discuss Open - full participation Discuss Members Discuss Members Discuss Members (governments) sectoral members Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) sectoral members Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Discuss Members (governments) Discuss Discuss Knowledge, policy coverage Global + Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Exclusive (technical) Global Global Global Global Regional coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global Convergence ITU Gap in terms of tension between diverging views concerning the management of root zone. n/a Process - Consultations Discuss Recommendation ITU-T X.1600 “Security framework for cloud Instrument computing” Recommendation Process The Open Groupa Cloud Computing Work Group Boundaryless Information Flow™ Instrument - Other Cloud Security Alliance best practices CSA European European Cloud Partnership Process Commission IETF System for Cross-domain Identity Management (SCIM) Process development IEEE IEEE Cloud Computing Initiative, IEEE Adaptive Management Process for IEEE Cloud Computing (AMCC) Study Group Process ITU Policy Global Cloud computing ITU 2.9. Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Discuss Decide binding) Members Members + Ad hoc coordination + Exclusive (technical) Global coverage Global Full intersectoral Global coverage Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global 4 ITU 2.10. ITU Trends in Telecommunication Reform 2013, on competition Instrument - Other policy, liberalization, privatization and regulations Process Process Discuss Discuss ITU ITU-T Global Standards Initiative on Internet of Things (IoT-GSI) Process Discuss ITU ITU-T Study Group 11 Protocols and test specifications work on IoT and ITU -T Study Group 17 Security ITU-T Recommendations for tag-based identification Recommendation ITU-T X.1255 – Framework for discovery of identity management information Standards related to 802.15.4, 6LoWPAN, RPL, COAP (IEEE 802.15.4) ITU IEEE 3 SECURITY CLUSTER 3.1. Cybersecurity n/a n/a Process Instrument Recommendation Instrument - Standard Open - full participation Open - full participation Members (governments) sectoral members Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) sectoral members - Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) sectoral members Decide (legally non- Members binding) Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Exclusive (technical) Ad hoc coordination UN General Assembly Instrument - Resolution Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Ad hoc coordination Instrument - Resolution Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Ad hoc coordination Instrument - Other Discuss Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Process Process - Monitoring Process - Coordination Discuss Discuss Implement Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global n/a Global Exclusive coverage Global (technical) Instrument - Resolution Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) sectoral members Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) sectoral members + Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Global ITU Creation of a global culture of cybersecurity, UNGA Res 57/239 (20 December 2002), Creation of a global culture of cybersecurity and the protection of critical information infrastructures, UNGA Res 58/199 (23 December 2003) Creation of a global culture of cybersecurity and taking stock of national efforts to protect critical information infrastructures , UNGA Res 64/211 (21 December 2009) A group of Governmental Experts on Development in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security (Report, June 2013) Global Cybersecurity Agenda Global Cybersecurity Index IMPACT (International Multilateral Partnership Against Cyber Threats) ITU capacity building initiative focused primarily on the developing world Resolution 50 on Cybersecurity of the World Telecommunication Standardisation Assembly Study Group 1 and 2 Question 3/2 – Securing information and communication networks: Best practices for developing a culture of cybersecurity ITU-T Study Group 17 Security ITU X.509 certificate, information security management ITU OECD Child Online Protection Guidelines for the Security of Information Systems (1992) + Exclusive coverage Global (technical) + Exclusive coverage Global (technical) Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional OECD The OECD Working Group on Information Security and Privacy Process OECD OECD Guidelines for the Security of Information Systems and Networks: Towards a Culture of Security (2002) Cybersecurity Policy Making at a Turning Point: Analysing a New Generation of National Cybersecurity Strategies for the Internet Economy Non-governmental Perspectives on a New Generation of National Cybersecurity Strategies JTC ISO/IEC 27001:2005, Information Security Management System (ISMS) ISO/IEC 27002; ISO 15408 “Common Criteria” Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) sectoral members Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) sectoral members Discuss Open - full participation Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Discuss Members (governments) observers Decide (legally nonMembers (governments) + binding) observers Discuss Members (governments) + observers OLD ITU ITU ITU ITU ITU OECD OECD ISO ISO IEC IEC Process Process Process Instrument Instrument - Other Instrument - Other Instrument - Other Discuss Instrument - Standard Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Instrument - Standard JTC ISO/IEC 27001:2005, Information Security Management Instrument - Standard System (ISMS) ISO/IEC 27002; ISO 15408 “Common Criteria” Instrument - Standard Members (governments) + observers (legally non- Members (governments) observers (legally non- Members (governments) observers (legally non- Members (various) observers (legally non- Members (various) observers Implementation, policy Gap in effective coordination of international response to cybersecurity incidents (in particular law enforcement and security agencies). Lack of common and widely accepted definition of key cybersecurity concepts. coverage Global Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) UN General Assembly Gap in creating a regulatory environment that meets concerns such as those of privacy, data protection and security. Insufficient data and research concerning, for example, the impact of IoT on human rights, consumer protection and competition policy. + Exclusive coverage Global (technical) + Exclusive coverage Global (technical) + Ad hoc coordination Global Developments in the field of information and Instrument - Resolution telecommunications in the context of international security UNGA Res 53/70 (4 December 1998), 54/49 (1 December 1999), 55/28 (20 November 2000), 56/19 (29 November 2001), 57/53 (22 November 2002), 58/32 (8 December 2003), 59/61 (3 December 2004), 60/45 (8 December 2005), 61/54 (6 December 2006), 62/17 (5 December 2007), 63/37 (2 December 2008), 64/25 (2 December 2009), 65/41 (8 December 2010), 66/24 (2 December 2011), 67/27 (3 December 2012); OLD Policy, knowledge Global Global UN General Assembly UN General Assembly OLD n/a The Internet of things (IoT) IGF Dynamic coalition on IoT Kantara Initiative Discussion on digital identity OLD Discuss Global Global + Structured coordination Pan-regional across policy sectors Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional + Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Global 5 OLD Shanghai Cooperation Organization Shanghai Cooperation Organization African Union ASEAN ASEAN ASEAN APEC Ad hoc coordination Regional Proposal: International Code of Conduct for Information Security Instrument - Other (2009) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Ad hoc coordination Regional Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Regional Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Regional Members (governments) Exclusive coverage Regional (technical) Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Regional Convention on the Confidence and Security in Cyberspace Instrument - Convention Decide (legally (signed; to be ratified in 2014) binding) Statement on Cooperation in Ensuring Cyber Security’ (2012) Instrument - Other Decide (legally nonbinding) Asean Network Security Action Council (promotion among Process Discuss CERT) Internet Traffic Monitoring Data Sharing (TSUBAME project) Process Discuss Shanghai Declaration with Program of Action & Statement on Instrument - Other Decide (legally nonthe Security of Information and Communications Infrastructure binding) Members (governments) Members (governments) APEC Telecommunications and Information Working Group Process Discuss + Ad hoc coordination Regional APEC APEC-OECD 2013 Symposium on security risk management in Internet economy OIC-CERT Cybersecurity collaboration for OIC members The Inter-American Strategy to Combat Threats to Cyber Security (2004) Reporting and coordination of EU’s activities on cybersecurity Security of the DNS system Process Discuss IEEE (Institute of Electrical Electronic Engineers) IETF Technical security standards through the IEEE Standards Instrument - Standard Association Members (governments) observers Members (governments) observers Implement Open with limitations Discuss Members (governments) Decide (legally non- Members binding) Implement Members Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Decide (legally non- Members (various) binding) observers + Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Regional Regional Regional Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Regional Global Work on standards for strengthening the Internet against Instrument - Standard pervasive surveillance and interception of private communication ISACA ISACA Standards ISACA ISACA guidance for Best Practice in Information Security and IT Instrument - Other Audit (2009) Certification of cybersecurity auditors Instrument - Other OLD OLD OLD ENISA ICANN ISACA WEF WITSA FIRST CSIRT FOSI OLD Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) APEC OIC OIC OAS OLD Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of International Instrument - Other Information Security INHOPE ICSPA Process Process Instrument - Other Process - Coordination Process Instrument - Standard Cybersecurity Research, private/public partnerships and risk Process modelling Policy coordination Process International Coordination of CERT activities Reporting and dissemination of information on cybersecurity incidents. Global Resource and Information Directory Monitors, tracks and provides commentary on the efforts of countries around the world to make the Internet safer for their citizens. Support to a network of 46 Internet hotlines in 40 countries International Cyber Security Protection Alliance + Exclusive (technical) coverage Global Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Exclusive (technical) coverage Global Decide (legally non- Members binding) Decide (legally non- Members binding) Decide (legally non- Members binding) Discuss Members Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Structured coordination across policy sectors Structured coordination across policy sectors Ad hoc coordination Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Discuss Members Process Process - Monitoring Implement Implement Members Members Process Discuss Members Process Process Discuss Discuss Members Members Discuss Members OLD CERT Coordination of CERT activities Coordination Center (CERT/CC) Carnegie Mellon Research project Process - Coordination Programme - Research Discuss n/a OLD Oxford University RIPD Stanford University BIS Programme - Research Discuss n/a OLD 3.2. Global Cybersecurity Centre: Research and Training Red Iberoamericana de Proteccion de Datos Stanford Draft International Convention to Enhance Protection Instrument - Other from Cyber Crime and Terrorism CMPI Report on Cyber resilience in financial market Instrument - Other infrastructures (Nov 2014), Discuss n/a n/a Discuss n/a Global Global Global Global Global Global Global Global Exclusive coverage Global Exclusive coverage Global (technical) Exclusive coverage Global (technical) Structured coordination Global across policy sectors Structured coordination Global across policy sectors Structured coordination Global across policy sectors n/a n/a Policy, implementation, knowledge Cybercrime UN General Assembly Combating the criminal misuse of information technologies: Instrument - Resolution UNGA Res 55/63 (4 December 2000) and 56/121 (19 December 2001) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Ad hoc coordination 6 Global Insufficient use of existing international instruments in cybercrime matters (for instance, organized cybercrime convention). Difficulty of legislation to keep abreast of the technological development. Gap in the harmonization of legislation. Insufficient institutional and individual capabilities to combat cybercrime. Shortage of reliable statistics and data. OLD OLD OLD OLD OLD OLD OLD OLD UN General Assembly Strengthening the United Nations Crime Prevention and Instrument - Resolution Criminal Justice Programme, in particular, its technical cooperation Capacity: UNGA Res 63/195 (18 December 2008), 64/179 (18 December 2009), and 65/232 (21 December 2011) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Ad hoc coordination Global UN General Assembly UN General Assembly Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Discuss n/a Ad hoc coordination Global Instrument - Other n/a n/a Instrument Discuss n/a n/a UNODC Model Treaty on Mutual Assistance in Criminal matters: UNGA Res 45/117 (14 December 1990) Group of Governmental Experts on Development in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security (Report, June 2013) Report by an open-ended intergovernmental expert group (UNODC) UN Convention against Transnational Organised Crime UNODC Capacity building programmes and technical cooperation UNODC Instrument - Convention Decide binding) Programme - Capacity Implement development Process Discuss Process - Monitoring Discuss Phenomena, Instrument - Other Discuss ITU ITU ITU Global Cybersecurity Agenda Global Cybersecurity Index Publication: Understanding cybercrime Challenges and Legal Response ITU IMPACT (International Multilateral Partnership Against Cyber Threats) ITU capacity building initiative focused primarily on the developing world ITU ITU/CARICOM/CTU Model Legislative Text on Cybercrime, Crime and Electronic Evidence (2010) ITU ITU/Secretariat of the Pacific Community Model Law on Cybercrime (2011) ITU Capacity building programmes & tech. Cooperation; HIPCAR, HIPSSA and ICB4PAC projects G8 24-7 High-tech Crime Point-of-Contact Networks Commonwealth Model Laws on Computer and Computer-related Crime (2002) and Electronic Evidence (2002) Commonwealth Agreement on Cooperation in Combating Offences related to of Independent Computer Information (2001) States Council of Convention on Cybercrime (2001) Europe Council of European Convention on Assistance in Criminal Matters (1959) Europe Council of Cybercrime Convention Committee (T-CY) Europe Interpol Cooperation among police from 190 states, Collecting evidence, coordinating trans-border law-enforcement. Shanghai Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of International Cooperation Information Security Organization Shanghai International Code of Conduct for Information Security (2009) Cooperation Organization African Union Convention on the Confidence and Security in Cyberspace (signed; to be ratified in 2014) African Union African Child Online Protection (ACOP) Summit – Enabling Safe Innovation Arab League Convention on Combating IT Offences (2010) Arab League ASEAN ASEAN ASEAN OLD APEC OLD APEC APEC Instrument - Resolution n/a (legally Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Global Members Ad hoc coordination Global Open - full participation Open - full participation n/a Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination n/a Global Global n/a Open - full participation Exclusive (technical) Process - Coordination Implement Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Open - full participation Instrument - Other Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global Members (governments) Members Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Plurinational Plurinational Members Exclusive coverage Regional (legally Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Regional (legally Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Regional Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Global Programme - Capacity Implement development Process Implement Instrument - Other Decide (legally nonbinding) Instrument - Other Decide (legally binding) Instrument - Convention Decide binding) Instrument - Convention Decide binding) Process Discuss Process - Coordination Implement Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Global Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Ad hoc coordination Plurinational Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Ad hoc coordination Plurinational Instrument - Convention Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Process - Event Discuss Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Regional Instrument - Convention Decide (legally Members (governments) binding) Model Law on Combating Information Technology Offences Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members (governments) (2004) binding) Statement on Cooperation in Ensuring Cyber Security’ (2012) Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Asean Network Security Action council (promotion among Process Discuss Members (governments) CERT) Internet Traffic Monitoring Data Sharing (TSUBAME project) Process Discuss Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Regional Shanghai Declaration, Program of Action & Statement on the Instrument - Other Security of Information and Communications Infrastructure APEC Telecommunications and Information Working Group Process Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Discuss Members (governments) Process Discuss OLD ENISA APEC-OECD 2013 Symposium on security risk management in Internet economy The Inter-American Strategy to Combat Threats to Cyber Security (2004) Inter-American Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matter (1992) Reporting and coordination of EU’s activities on cybersecurity OLD Europol Coordination Process - Coordination Discuss Members (governments) FIRST International Coordination of CERT activities Process - Coordination Discuss Members OAS OAS coverage Global Members (governments) Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Instrument - Convention Decide (legally Members (governments) binding) Process - Monitoring Discuss Members Exclusive coverage Regional (technical) Exclusive coverage Regional (technical) Ad hoc coordination Regional Exclusive coverage Regional (technical) Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Regional Exclusive coverage Regional (technical) Exclusive coverage Regional (security) Ad hoc coordination Regional 7 OLD CSIRT OLD OLD Anti-Phishing Working Group MAAWG INHOPE- Reporting and dissemination of information on cybersecurity incidents. eCrime event (annual) Reporting on phishing Global Resource and Information Directory Monitors, tracks and provides commentary on the efforts of countries around the world to make the Internet safer for their citizens. Messaging, Malware and Mobile Anti-Abuse Working Group Support to a network of 46 Internet hotlines in 40 countries Stanford University Stanford Draft International Convention to Enhance Protection Instrument - Other from Cyber Crime and Terrorism FOSI OLD 3.3. ITU OECD Shanghai Cooperation Organization Shanghai Cooperation Organization African Union ASEAN ASEAN ASEAN APEC OLD Discuss Members Ad hoc coordination Process Discuss Process Discuss Members Members Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Full intersectoral Global coverage Regional Process Process Discuss Implement Open - full participation Members Discuss Members Ad hoc coordination Global Exclusive coverage Plurinational (technical) Ad hoc coordination Global Knowledge, implementation, policy Critical Information infrastructure IAEA ITU ITU ITU OLD Process - Monitoring APEC APEC OAS ENISA IEEE OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF IETF Critical Infrastructure cybersecurity coordination Global Cybersecurity Agenda Global Cybersecurity Index IMPACT (International Multilateral Partnership Against Cyber Threats) ITU capacity building initiative focused primarily on the developing world Resolution 130 on Strengthening the role of ITU in building confidence and security in the use of information and communication technologies OECD Council Recommendation on the protection of critical information infrastructure (2008) Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of International Information Security Process - Coordination Process - Coordination Process - Monitoring Process Discuss Discuss Discuss Implement Members (governments) Open - full participation Members (governments) Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Instrument - Resolution Decide (legally nonbinding) Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Ad hoc coordination Regional International Code of Conduct for Information Security (2009) Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Ad hoc coordination Regional non- Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Regional non- Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Regional regional Instrument - Other Convention on the Confidence and Security in Cyberspace Instrument - Convention Decide (legally (signed; to be ratified in 2014) binding) Statement on Cooperation in Ensuring Cyber Security’ (2012) Instrument - Other Decide (legally binding) Asean Network Security Action council (promotion among Process - Coordination Discuss CERT) Internet Traffic Monitoring Data Sharing (TSUBAME project) Process - Coordination Discuss Shanghai Declaration, Program of Action & Statement on the Instrument - Other Decide (legally Security of Information and Communications Infrastructure binding) APEC Telecommunications and Information Working Group Process Discuss APEC-OECD 2013 Symposium on security risk management in Process - Event Discuss Internet economy The Inter-American Strategy to Combat Threats to Cyber Instrument - Other Decide (legally Security (2004) binding) Reporting and coordination of EU’s activities on cybersecurity Process - Monitoring Discuss Cybersecurity standards for electric utility control systems Instrument - Standard Decide (legally binding) RFC 5246 “The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Instrument - Standard Decide (legally Version 1.2” binding) RFC 5920 “Security Framework for MPLS and GMPLS Instrument - Standard Decide (legally Networks” binding) RFC 5963 “IPv6 Deployment in Internet Exchange Points Instrument - Standard Decide (legally (IXPs)” binding) RFC 6480 “An Infrastructure to Support Secure Internet Instrument - Standard Decide (legally Routing” binding) RFC 6781 “DNSSEC Operational Practices, Version 2” Instrument - Standard Decide (legally binding) RFC 6941 “MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Security Instrument - Standard Decide (legally Framework” binding) RFC 6454 “The Web Origin Concept” Instrument - Standard Decide (legally binding) RFC 6797 “HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)” Instrument - Standard Decide (legally binding) RFC 6518 “Keying and Authentication for Routing Protocols Instrument - Standard Decide (legally (KARP) Design Guidelines” binding) RFC 6862 “Keying and Authentication for Routing Protocols Instrument - Standard Decide (legally (KARP) Overview, Threats, and Requirements” binding) RFC 6545 “Real-time Inter-network Defense (RID)” Instrument - Standard Decide (legally binding) RFC 6684 “Guidelines and Template for Defining Extensions to Instrument - Standard Decide (legally the Incident Object Description Exchange Format (IODEF)” binding) RFC 4949 Internet Security Glossary, Version 2 Instrument - Other Discuss Members Members non- Members (governments) Global Global Global Global Members (governments) Members (governments) observers non- Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination + Ad hoc coordination Members non- Members (various) observers non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Regional + Exclusive coverage Global (technical) Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Regional Plurilateral Regional non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global Open - full participation Exclusive coverage (technical) 8 Insufficient research and awareness of the CII' s importance, starting from the strategic level of governments. Lack of national focal points for the protection of CII in some countries. IETF/W3C OLD International Society for Automation FIRST CSIRT FOSI OLD INHOPE OLD Stanford University MLAT Meridian Conference and Process 3.4. UNIDIR OSCE Shanghai Cooperation Organization Shanghai Cooperation Organization NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence, Tallinn Stanford University 3.5 UN ITU ITU ITU ITU OLD ITU ITU UNODC OLD Decide (legally non- Open for observers binding) Exclusive (technical) International Coordination of CERT activities Process - Coordination Discuss Members Reporting and dissemination of information on cybersecurity Process - Monitoring incidents. Global Resource and Information Directory Monitors, tracks and Process - Monitoring provides commentary on the efforts of countries around the world to make the Internet safer for their citizens. Support to a network of 46 Internet hotlines in 40 countries Process - Coordination Discuss Members Discuss Open - full participation Exclusive coverage Global (technical) Exclusive coverage Global (technical) Ad hoc coordination Global Implement Members Stanford Draft International Convention to Enhance Protection Instrument - Other Discuss from Cyber Crime and Terrorism Mutual legal assistance treaties (MLATs) Instrument - Convention Decide binding) Annual meeting on critical information infrastructure protection Process - Event Discuss Open - full participation Open - full participation (legally Members Members observers (various) Ad hoc coordination Global coverage Global Exclusive coverage Global (technical) Ad hoc coordination Global Exclusive coverage (legal) + Ad hoc coordination Global A group of Governmental Experts on Development in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security (Report, June 2013) Classification of Cyber conflict, warfare and weapons OSCE Confidence-building measures to reduce the risks of conflict steaming from the of ICT (2013) Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of International Information Security Instrument - Other Discuss Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Global Instrument - Other Instrument - Other Discuss n/a Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) n/a Ad hoc coordination n/a Regional Ad hoc coordination Regional International Code of Conduct for Information Security (2009) Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Ad hoc coordination Regional Instrument - Other Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Instrument - Other Warfare Discuss Members observers (governments) Stanford Draft International Convention to Enhance Protection Instrument - Other from Cyber Crime and Terrorism Discuss Open - full participation + Ad hoc coordination OLD Council of Europe UNICEF OLD OECD OLD OECD OLD Interpol IKeepSafe CIRCAMP (the COSPOL Internet Related Child Abuse Optional Protocol to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of children, child Prostitution and Pornography (2000) Un Committee on the Right of the Child Child Online Protection Initiative Council Working Group on Online Protection ITU Resolution 67 (Hyderabad, 2010) + 189 (Guadalajara, 2010) – Role of Telecommunication Development Sector in child online protection ITU Resolution 67 (rev Dubai, 2014) and Resolution 179 (rev Busan, 2014) Role of Telecommunication Development Sector in child online protection Study Group 1, Questions 22-2 Instrument - Convention Decide binding) Process Process - Coordination Process Instrument - Resolution Discuss Discuss Discuss Decide (legally nonbinding) Instrument - Resolution Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Process Discuss ITU-T Joint Coordination Activity on Child Online Protection Process Discuss (JCA-COP) Programme - Research Discuss Study on online child abuse and exploitation Convention on Cybercrime (2001) Instrument - Convention Decide binding) Capacity building, research, awareness building Process Discuss A report “The Protection of Children Online: Risks Faced by Children Online and Policies to Protect Them” Council Recommendation on the Protection of Children Online (2012) International Child Sexual Exploitation Database; Yellow Alert system Child online protection training and awareness Aimed at combating borderless or multinational child pornography crime in Europe (legally Members (governments) Members (governments) Open - full participation Open - full participation Members (governments) Members (governments) sectoral members Members (governments) sectoral members Members (governments) observers (legally Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Global Global Global Global Members observers n/a (governments) Instrument - Other Discuss Instrument - Other Programme Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Discuss Members (governments) Programme - Training Programme Discuss Discuss Members Open for observers n/a Ad hoc coordination + Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination + Structured coordination Global across policy sectors Ad hoc coordination Regional + Ad hoc coordination Global n/a n/a Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Exclusive coverage Global (security) Ad hoc coordination Global Full intersectoral Regional coverage Ad hoc coordination 9 Policy, knowledge Lack of commonly accepted definitions of concepts related to cyberconflict. Insufficient data and research on the nature of cyberconflicts and their impact on other public policy issues. Implementation, capacity Insufficient inclusion of concerned actors in international policy activities. Insufficient intersectoral coordination in dealing with child safety online. Plurilateral Child safety online UN OLD OLD OLD OLD Discuss Cyberconflict UN General Assembly OLD Workshop 'Strengthening the Internet Against Pervasive Process - Event Monitoring' ISA/IEC 62433: Defines procedures for implementing Instrument - Standard electronically secure Industrial Automation and Control (IACS) OLD OLD ECPAT International FCAP Coordination of activities against child prostitution, pornographic & trafficking of children for sexual purposes Model legal framework, best practices of FCAP (Financial Coalition Against Child Pornography Global Resource and Information Directory (GRID) Mobile Alliance Against Child Abuse Content: Cooperation and information sharing Center for Safe Internet Pharmacies (protect kids from purchasing online pharmacies) Partnership between law enforcement and industry Photo DNA Global Alliance Against Sexual Child Abuse Best practices, coordination among stakeholders Process - Coordination Discuss Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Process Discuss + Ad hoc coordination Global Programme Process - Coordination Implement Discuss Members (various) observers Members Open - full participation OLD OLD FOSI GSMA OLD CSIP OLD OLD OLD OLD ThinkUknow Microsoft 3.6 Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Global Global Programme Discuss Members Ad hoc coordination Global Programme Programme Programme Process - Coordination Implement Implement Implement Discuss Members n/a n/a Members observers Ad hoc coordination n/a n/a + Ad hoc coordination Global Global Encryption OLD ITU X.509 certificate for a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) + Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Virtual Global Task Force OECD OECD Guidelines on Cryptography Instrument Recommendation Instrument - Other OLD IEEE IEEE Standard 802.11 (encryption and wireless networking) Instrument - Standard OLD IETF RFC 3852 “Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)” Instrument - Standard OLD IETF Instrument - Standard OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF RFC 4107 “Guidelines for Cryptographic Key Management” (Also BCP 107) RFC 4108 “Using Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) to Protect Firmware Packages” RFC 4307 “Cryptographic Algorithms for Use in the Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2)” RFC 4308 “Cryptographic Suites for IPsec” OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF RFC 6379 “Suite B Cryptographic Suites for IPsec” OLD IETF RFC 6975 “Signaling Cryptographic Algorithm Understanding in Instrument - Standard DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)” 3.7. Spam ITU OLD IETF OLD Anti-Phishing Working Group Spamhaus Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard RFC 6039 “Issues with Existing Cryptographic Protection Instrument - Standard Methods for Routing Protocols” RFC 6090 “Fundamental Elliptic Curve Cryptography Instrument - Standard Algorithms” RFC 6094 “Summary of Cryptographic Authentication Algorithm Instrument - Standard Implementation Requirements for Routing Protocols” Instrument - Standard (legally non- Members (governments) sectoral members (legally non- Members (governments) observers (legally non- Members Global (legally non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global (legally non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global (legally non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global (legally non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global (legally non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global (legally non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global (legally non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global (legally non- Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global ITU-T Study Group 17, on standardization in the areas of Process cybersecurity, anti-spam, identity management RFC 2635 “DON'T SPEW A Set of Guidelines for Mass Instrument - Standard Unsolicited Mailings and Postings (spam*)” Anti-spam initiatives Process Discuss Members (governments) sectoral members Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Discuss Open for observers + Ad hoc coordination Spam abuse tracking and notification (various) Exclusive coverage Global (technical) Exclusive coverage Global (technical) + Ad hoc coordination Global (various) + Ad hoc coordination Global Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global Process - Monitoring Discuss Programme - Training Discuss CAUCE (Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial Email) OECD Advocate legislation against SPAM Process Discuss OECD Ministerial Declaration on electronic authentication Instrument - Other OECD Guidelines on Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (1999) OECD Task Force on Spam Instrument - Other OECD Anti-Spam Toolkit of Recommended Policies and Measures Dialogue and workshops on spam London Action Plan - anti-spam initiative Seoul-Melbourne Memorandum of Understanding (anti-spam) Instrument - Other UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) observers Discuss Members (governments) + observers Discuss Members (governments) + observers Discuss Members (governments) + observers Discuss Open - full participation Discuss Open - full participation Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) OECD ISOC LAP SeoulMelbourne UNCITRAL Global Ad hoc coordination MAPS (Mail Collaboration and training of ISPs Abuse Detection System) OECD OLD OLD OLD Instrument - Standard - Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) (various) Regional Process - Coordination Process Process Instrument - Other Members observers Members observers Global + Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Global Global Bilateral Ad hoc coordination Global 10 Policy Insufficient consideration of human rights aspect in encryption standardization and policy processes. Gap in balancing security and human rights aspects. Policy, implementation, knowledge Gaps in the legislation, its effective enforcement and cooperation across borders. Insufficient data on spam and its costs and consequences. ISOC 3.8 Spam Project for Developing Countries Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) OECD Ministerial Declaration on electronic authentication Instrument - Other UNCITRAL UNCITRAL Mode Law on Electronic Signatures Instrument - Other HUMAN RIGHTS CLUSTER Freedom of expression UN Human Rights Council UN Human Rights Council and UN OHCHR UN Special Rapporteur UN Human Rights Council UNESCO UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights Instrument - Other Dynamic Coalition on Freedom of Expression and Freedom of Process the Media on the Internet Meeting UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the Process right to freedom of opinion and expression Report on state surveillance and freedom of expression (April Instrument - Other 2013) by UN Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression UN Human Rights Council Resolution on Protection of Freedom Instrument - Resolution of Expression on the Internet (A/HRC/20/L.13) UNESCO Resolution 52 on Internet relates issues Instrument - Resolution UNESCO International Programme for the Development of Communications UNESCO Freedom of Connection – Freedom of Expression: The Changing Legal and Regulatory Ecology Shaping the Internet” (2011) Council of Action Plan aimed at implementing Article of the European Europe Convention on Human Rights (freedom of expression and information) European Court Judgement Ahmet Yildirim v Turkey (18 December 2012) of Human Rights African Union Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa (2002) OSCE Special Representative on Freedom of the Media Programme OAS Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression Process APC APC Internet Rights Charter Instrument - Other GNI Principles on Freedom of Expression and Privacy Instrument - Other Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Ad hoc coordination Global Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Discuss Open - full participation Discuss Members observers Discuss n/a (governments) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Implement Members (governments) observers Discuss n/a Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Global n/a n/a Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Global n/a n/a Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Ad hoc coordination Global Instrument - Other Decide binding) Ad hoc coordination Regional Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Discuss Members (governments) observers Discuss Members (governments) observers Decide (legally non- Members (civil society) binding) observers Decide (legally non- Members (civil society) binding) observers Process (legally Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Regional + Ad hoc coordination Regional + Ad hoc coordination Regional + Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Global Privacy and data protection UN Human Rights Council UN UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights Instrument - Other UNGA UN Guidelines for the regulation of computerized personal data Instrument - Other files (14 December 1990) UN Resolution on Privacy in the Digital Age (2014) Instrument - Resolution UNESCO Global survey on Internet privacy and freedom of expression UN Human Rights Council Resolution which appoints a new UN Special Rapporteur on Instrument - Resolution “The Right to Privacy in the Digital Age” which appoints a new UN Special Rapporteur for the Right to Privacy. Report on online privacy Instrument - Other UN Human Rights Council and UN OHCHR ITU Process - Monitoring Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Discuss Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Global Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Global Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global n/a n/a Members (governments) observers Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Discuss n/a Instrument - Other + Ad hoc coordination Global Instrument - Other + Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Regional ISO/IEC Guideline for management of personally identifiable information for telecommunication organizations Guideline on anonymous authentication for e-commerce services Regional capacity building projects on Harmonisation of ICT Policies, Legislation and Regulation for the Caribbean (HIPCAR) and Sub-Saharan Africa (HIPPSA) and Pacific region (ICB3PAC) ISO/IEC 29100 Privacy Framework ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 29101 Privacy Architecture Framework Instrument - Other OECD Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Data Instrument - Other Flow of Personal Data (1980; revised in 2013) ITU ITU OLD Open - full participation Digital signatures 4.1. 4.2. Implement OECD 4 OLD Programme - Capacity development Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) sectoral members Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) sectoral members Programme - Capacity Implement Members (governments) development observers Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members binding) Decide (legally non- Members binding) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional 11 Policy Gap concerning the global compatibility and interoperability of legislative approaches. Policy, knowledge Gap in policies in terms of balancing between rights and their limitations, insufficient consideration, data and research of freedom of expression in other Internet public policy contexts. Policy, knowledge Gap in addressing online privacy and data protection in an intersectoral way in other Internet public policy contexts. Gap in data and research on the topic. OLD OECD OLD OECD OLD OLD OLD The Declaration on Transborder Data Flows (1985) Instrument - Other Ministerial Declaration on the Protection of Privacy on Global Instrument - Other Networks (1998) OECD Recommendation on Cross-Border Co-operation in the Instrument - Other Enforcement of Laws Protecting Privacy (2007) Conference on Madrid Resolution: International Standard on the Protection of Instrument - Standard Data Protection Personal Data and Privacy (adopted in 2009 at the International and Privacy Conference on Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners) International Conference on Data Protection and Privacy Council of Europe Council of Europe Council of Europe Resolutions Instrument - Resolution Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) (legally non- Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional (legally non- Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional (legally non- Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional (legally non- Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global (legally Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Regional Members (governments) + observers (legally Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Regional Members (civil society) observers Discuss Members (governments) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Discuss Members (governments) + observers Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) + Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Regional Regional Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Decide (legally nonbinding) Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Instrument - Convention Decide Automatic Processing of Personal Data (1981) binding) Modernisation of Resolution 108 Process - Monitoring Discuss OLD OSCE Additional Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Instrument - Convention Decide Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal binding) Data (2001) Special Representative on Freedom of the Media Process Discuss OLD OLD APEC APEC APEC Cross-Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) System Process Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Privacy Framework (2004_ Instrument - Other APEC-EU Common Referential on the APEC CBPR system and the EU BCRs APC Internet Rights Charter Instrument - Other APC OLD IETF RFC 6973 ‘Privacy Considerations for Internet Protocols’ Instrument - Standard OLD IETF OLD RFC 6280 “An Architecture for Location and Location Privacy in Internet Applications” IETF RFC 6772 “Geolocation Policy: A Document Format for Expressing Privacy Preferences for Location Information” IETF RFC 6973 “Privacy Considerations for Internet Protocols” (In final approval process for BCP) draft-farrell-perpass-attack-05 “Pervasive Monitoring is an Attack” W3C Guidance for Web standards - Privacy Interest Group European Court Digital Rights Ireland Case of Justice European Court ECJ judgement in the case of Google (Spain and Inc.) v. of Justice Spanish Data Protection Authority and M.C. Gonzales European Court ECJ judgement on the EU Data Retention Directive of Justice OAS Pact of San Jose - The American Convention on Human Rights (1978) Intern-American Monitoring application of Pact of San Jose Commission on Human Rights Inter-American Court cases Court of Human rights African Union African Commission on Human and People's Rights OLD African Union OLD OLD OLD OLD OLD OLD Convention on the Confidence and Security in Cyberspace (signed; to be ratified in 2014) European Union Article 29 Working Party on Data Protection GSMA Privacy Design Guidelines for Mobile Application Development by GSM Association (2012) ISTPA International Security, Trust & Privacy Alliance: Privacy Principles Kantara Initiative Discussion on digital identity OLD OASIS OLD ICC OLD 4.3. OLD Instrument - Other Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Members (governments) + observers Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Instrument - Other Discuss Instrument - Judgement Implement Members Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Global Implementation Instrument - Judgement Implement Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Regional Instrument - Judgement Implement Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Regional Instrument - Convention Decide binding) Process - Monitoring Discuss (legally Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Regional + Ad hoc coordination Regional Instrument - Other (legally Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Regional + Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Regional Global Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Decide binding) Members observers (governments) Process Discuss Members (governments) observers Instrument - Convention Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Process Discuss Members Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members binding) Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members binding) Process Discuss Open - full participation OASIS eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) Instrument - Standard standard International Coordinating Committee of National Institutions for Process the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights Decide (legally non- Members binding) Discuss Members (business) Ad hoc coordination Policy, implementation, knowledge Rights of people with disabilities and the Internet UN Human Rights Council IGF UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights Instrument - Other Dynamic Coalition on Accessibility and Disability (DCAD) Process - Event United Nations United Nations (UN) Committee on the Rights of Persons with Process Disabilities (CRPD) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Discuss Open - full participation Decide binding) (legally Members observers (governments) Ad hoc coordination Global Full intersectoral Global coverage + Ad hoc coordination Global 12 Gap in the policies and in the implementation of measures to increase online accessibility. Insufficient data and research on the accessibility needs of people with disabilities. WIPO Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Instrument - Convention Decide Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print binding) UNESCO UNESCO UNESCO and G3ict developed a World Report on ‘Opening Instrument - Other New Avenue for Empowerment’ (support for implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Intergovernmental Information for All Programme (IFAP) Programme UNESCO IFAP IFLA Manifesto for libraries serving persons with a print disability Instrument - other ITU ITU Accessibility Guidelines Instrument - Other ITU ITU Resolution 80 (rev Dubai, 2012) Telecommunication/ICT accessibility for persons with disabilities ITU-T Study Group 16 Multimedia (accessibility for people with disabilities); Study Group – encourage ‘universal design’ and increase accessibility and usability. The Inter-American Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities The Program of Action for the Decade of the Americas for the Rights and Dignity of Persons with Disabilities (PAD). APC Internet Rights Charter Instrument - Resolution ITU OAS OAS APC WWW ISOC Process (legally Members (governments) Discuss Ad hoc coordination Members observers (governments) + Ad hoc coordination Implement Members observers (governments) + Discuss Open - full participation Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) sectoral members Discuss Members (governments) sectoral members Ad hoc coordination Global Global Global Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Global Instrument - Convention Decide (legally Members (governments) binding) Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) World Wide Web Access: Disability Discrimination Act Advisory Instrument - Standard Decide (legally non- Members Notes ver 4.0 (2010) binding) Disability and Special Needs Chapter Instrument - Other Discuss Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination + n/a Global Global + Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination + n/a Global Global Global 4.4. Women's rights online UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights Instrument - Other OLD UN Human Rights Council IGF UN Dynamic Coalition on Gender and Internet Governance UN Commission on the Status of Women Process - Event Process OLD UN UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) UN Women 2015 Commission on the Status of Women (at Beijing +20) UN Women Watch Coordination Framework for action, activities and contacts, statements, resources Process Gender Equality Action Plan 2014-2011 Instrument - Other + Ad hoc coordination Global Gender eLAC2015WG Process + Ad hoc coordination Global UN OLD OLD UN UNWomen UN Human Rights Council and UN OHCHR UNESCO UN ECLAC Council of Europe APEC OAS OAS APC APC Policy, implementation Process Process - Monitoring Process - Coordination Process Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Discuss Open - full participation Discuss Members (governments) observers discuss Members (governments) observers discuss Members (governments) observers discuss Open - full participation Discuss Members (governments) Discuss Members (governments) observers Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) observers Discuss Members (governments) observers Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating Instrument - Convention Decide (legally Members (governments) violence against women and domestic violence binding) APEC Ministers Statement on advancing gender equality Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Inter-American Commission of Women Process Discuss Members (governments) observers Organisation of Women of the Americas Process Discuss Members (governments) observers Global Information Society Watch 2013 - Women's rights, Process - Monitoring Discuss Open - full participation gender and ICTs APC Internet Rights Charter Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) 4.5 Other human rights OLD UN OLD UN Human Rights Council UN OLD UN OLD UN OLD UN OLD UN OLD UN UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination Process (CERD) UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights Instrument - Other UN Special Rapporteur on human rights defenders Process UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression. A Working Group on the issues of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Process Process Process Process Process Ad hoc coordination regional n/a regional + Ad hoc coordination regional + Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global (legally non- Members (governments) observers (legally non- Members (governments) + Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global (legally non- Members observers (legally non- Members observers (legally non- Members observers (governments) + Ad hoc coordination Global (governments) + Ad hoc coordination Global (governments) + Ad hoc coordination Global Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) observers Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Discuss Members (governments) observers + Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Global Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) 13 Insufficient addressing of online aspects of gender equality at policy level. Insufficient coordination among various initiatives. OLD Council of Europe OAS Venice Commission Process Inter-American Commission on Human Rights Process APC APC Internet Rights Charter Instrument - Other Reed Elsevier Anti-Human Trafficking Initiative Process Internet Rights and Principles Coalition UNESCO The IRPC Charter of Human Rights and Principles for the Instrument - Other Internet Resolution on Internet related issues: including access to Instrument - Resolution information and knowledge, freedom of expression, privacy and ethical dimensions of the information society Internet Rights & IRPC Ten Internet Rights and Principles Instrument - Other Principles Coalition 5 LEGAL CLUSTER 5.1. Jurisdiction HCCH Conventions dealing with international private law issues UNCITRAL OLD United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods European Union The Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations CITEL Expert consultations American Law Principles Governing Jurisdiction, Choice of Law and Institute Judgements in Intellectual Property in Transnational Disputes (2007) European Max Principles on Conflict of Laws in Intellectual Property - European Planck Group Max Planck Group on Conflicts of Laws in Intellectual Property (2011) European Court eDate case of Justice Princeton Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction (2001) University 5.2. Arbitration OLD UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration Regional + Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Global Members (governments) + observers Ad hoc coordination Global Decide (legally nonbinding) Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global (legally Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination (legally Members (governments) Exclusive (legal) Exclusive (legal) (legally Members (governments) Implementation, policy Gap in ensuring efficient and cost-effective jurisdictional approaches. Gap in addressing tensions that rise from the cross-border nature of the Internet and jurisdictions that are mostly national. Knowledge, policy Insufficient research on the applicability of traditional arbitration to Internet public policy issues and vice versa. Policy, capacity Gap in ensuring appropriate balance between the protection of authors' rights and the public interests. Insufficient coverage of non-IPR aspect in the protection of copyright. Global coverage Global coverage Regional Members (experts) Members (experts) Instrument - Judgement Implement Members (governments) Instrument - Other Open - full participation Instrument - Other Discuss Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Decide (legally Members (governments) binding) Decide (legally non- Members (diverse) binding) Decide binding) Instrument - Convention Decide binding) (legally Members (governments) OLD WIPO WIPO Advisory Committee on Enforcement Process OLD WIPO OLD WIPO Instrument - Convention Decide binding) Programme - Capacity Implement development OLD WTO OLD OECD OLD UN ECLAC WIPO Treaties on Copyright and the Performances and Phonograms (1996) Technical assistance and capacity building: “Emerging Issues in Copyright and Related Rights for Developing Countries and Countries with Economies in Transition.” WTO Agreement on the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) Activities in the field of copyright and other intellectual property rights eLAC 2015WG (Digital content) Process Discuss OLD ITU ITU Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); ITU Patent Roundtable; Process ITU TSB Director’s Ad Hoc IPR Group Discuss Members (governments) observers Open - full participation OLD Alianza contra Piratería de Televisión Paga Alianza contra Piratería de Televisión Paga APEC Aim at combating piracy and enforcing IP rights n/a n/a Initiate court actions; Provide training for public officials and n/a authorities on IPR in Latin America Intellectual Property Rights Expert Group (IPEG) Discuss Instrument - Convention Decide binding) Process Discuss Process Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Members (governments) observers (legally Members (governments) Members observers (governments) (legally Members (governments) Members (governments) Global Global Exclusive coverage Global (legal) Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination (legally Members (governments) Copyright OLD Regional + Ad hoc coordination Decide (legally nonbinding) 5.3. OLD + Ad hoc coordination Members (experts) The New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement Instrument - Convention of Foreign Arbitral Awards ICANN + WIPO Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP), Process + Other UDRP Arbitrations HCCH Conventions dealing with international private law issues Instrument - Convention Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (the "New York Convention") Members (governments) observers Members (governments) observers Members (civil society) observers Members (various) observers Decide (legally non- Members (various) binding) observers Instrument - Convention Decide binding) Instrument - Convention Decide binding) Instrument - Convention Decide binding) Process - Coordination Discuss UN UNCITRAL Decide (legally binding) Decide (legally binding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Discuss Global Global + Exclusive coverage Global (legal) Exclusive coverage Global (legal) + Ad hoc coordination Global Exclusive coverage Global (trade) Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional + Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global n/a n/a Regional n/a n/a n/a Regional Discuss Members observers (governments) + Ad hoc coordination 14 Regional OLD OLD APEC APEC Anti-Counterfeiting and Piracy Initiative (2005) Process Discuss APEC Training activities Programme - Training Implement Center for Safe Internet Pharmacies Credit Card Voluntary Best Practices for Infringing Sites Transatlantic Economic Council (TEC) Interpol Provide a forum for sharing relevant information about illegal n/a Internet pharmacies n/a Members observers Members observers n/a Voluntary best practice to withdraw payment services for sites Process selling counterfeit and pirated goods. Discuss Members (business) Exclusive (economic) IPR Working Group Discuss Members (diverse) Ad hoc coordination Global Interpol International Crime Investigator’s college (IIPCIC) – Process training programs to support international efforts to prevent, detect, investigate and prosecute transnational organized IP crime. Discuss Annual International Law Enforcement IP Crime Conference Process - Event Discuss Members observers (governments) + Ad hoc coordination Global Discuss Global Implement Members (governments) observers Members (governments) + Ad hoc coordination Operation Pangea (June 2013): focused on online sales of counterfeited medicines shutting down 13,700 website trafficking counterfeited medicine. Policy coordination RFC 3905 “A Template for IETF Patent Disclosures and Licensing Declarations”. Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement Ad hoc coordination Global Interpol Process OLD Interpol OLD Europol IETF OLD ACTA OLD OLD CAS FTA OLD G8 OLD OLD CAS Copyright Alert System Principles of User Generated Content Services Process - Monitoring Instrument - Other OLD OLD SNB-React Training in copyright Transatlantic Economic Council (TEC) - IPR Working Group Programme - Training Process US-China Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT) US-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue IETF Trust Copyright Alert System Process Process Process Process OLD OLD OLD OLD 5.4. IETF CAS Process Process - Coordination Instrument - Standard Implement Decide (legally nonbinding) Instrument - Convention Decide (legally binding) Copyright Alert System Process - Monitoring Implement Free trade agreements: Transatlantic Trade and Investment Instrument - Convention Partnership (TTIP) + Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) Deauville Summit Declaration (May 2011) Instrument - Other (governments) + Ad hoc coordination Regional (governments) + Ad hoc coordination Regional n/a Members (governments) Open - full participation n/a coverage Global Ad hoc coordination Regional Full intersectoral Global coverage Members (governments) Members Members (governments) Members (governments) observers Implement Members Decide (legally non- Members binding) Implement Members Discuss Members (governments) observers Discuss Members (governments) Discuss Members (governments) Open - full participation Implement Members + Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global + Knowledge, policy Trademark WIPO WIPO WIPO WIPO Advisory Committee on Enforcement Process Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Instrument - Convention Marks Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Instrument - Convention Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks Trademark Law Treaty Instrument - Convention WIPO Nairobi Treaty on the Protection of the Olympic Symbol WIPO Discuss Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Instrument - Convention Decide binding) WIPO Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks Instrument - Convention Decide binding) WIPO Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. Article Instrument - Convention Decide 6ter of this Convention covers State Emblems, Names, binding) Abbreviations and Emblems of International Intergovernmental Organizations] WIPO Technical assistance and capacity building: “Emerging Issues in Programme - Capacity Implement Copyright and Related Rights for Developing Countries and development Countries with Economies in Transition.” WTO WTO Agreement on the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Instrument - Convention Decide Property (TRIPS) binding) ITU ITU TSB Director’s Ad Hoc IPR Group Process Discuss ITU Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); ITU Patent Roundtable; ITU TSB Director’s Ad Hoc IPR Group Alianza contra Aim at combating piracy and enforcing IP rights Process Discuss Piratería de Televisión Paga APEC Intellectual Property Rights Expert Group (IPEG) Process Discuss APEC APEC Anti-Counterfeiting and Piracy Initiative (2005) Process - Coordination Discuss Members (governments) (legally Members (governments) (legally Members (governments) (legally Members (governments) (legally Members (governments) (legally Members (governments) (legally Members (governments) Members observers (governments) (legally Members (governments) Exclusive (legal) Exclusive (legal) coverage Global Exclusive (legal) Exclusive (legal) Exclusive (legal) Exclusive (legal) coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global coverage Global + Ad hoc coordination Open - full participation Exclusive coverage Global (legal) Ad hoc coordination Global Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Members observers Members observers Global (governments) + Ad hoc coordination Regional (governments) + Ad hoc coordination Regional 15 Insufficient research and mechanisms for dealing with competing claims which involve trade marks and other important international names. APEC OLD Training activities ICANN + WIPO Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP), + Other UDRP Arbitrations ICANN Trademark Clearing House 5.5. Process - Coordination Fair Labor Association UN ELAC EICC World Development Report: Life at Work in the Information Instrument - Other Economy (2001) Code of Conduct Instrument - Other Telework eLAC2015 WG Process - Coordination Code of Conduct regard labour rights, environmental impacts Instrument - Other and ethics in the electronics manufacturing context 5.6. Intermediaries OLD OECD OLD Process Members observers (governments) + Ad hoc coordination Discuss Regional ? Discuss Members (various) observers Decide (legally non- Members (diverse) binding) + Full intersectoral Global coverage Ad hoc coordination Global Discuss Members (diverse) Ad hoc coordination Global Discuss n/a n/a n/a Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Global Decide (legally non- Members binding) Discuss Members (governments) Decide (legally non- Members binding) OECD Role of intermediary is covered by one of OECD’s 14 basic Instrument - Other principles for Internet policymaking Principles for Internet Policy Making (2011) Instrument - Other WIPO Discussion on role of intermediaries in the context of trademark ITU Regional capacity building projects on Harmonisation of ICT Programme - Capacity Implement Policies, Legislation and Regulation for the Caribbean (HIPCAR) development and Sub-Saharan Africa (HIPPSA) and Pacific region (ICB3PAC) ITU Global Symposium for Regulators (GSR) Process - Coordination Discuss ITU European Court Court Case of Delfi vs. Estonia (10 October 2013) of Justice Process Instrument - Other 6 ECONOMIC CLUSTER 6.1. E-Commerce OLD OECD OECD’s Committee on Digital Economy Policy OECD OECD High Level Meeting on the Internet Economy: Generating Process - Event Innovation and Growth (2011) Seoul Declaration Instrument - Other OLD Implement Labour law ILO OLD Programme - Training Center for Safe Provide a forum for sharing relevant information about illegal Process Internet Internet pharmacies Pharmacies ICANN The Expert Working Group on gTLD Directory services Process OECD OECD Process OLD WTO Guidelines on Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce (1999) Recommendation on Consumer Dispute Resolution and Redress (1999) Information Economy Report (2005, 2006, 2007-2008, 2009,2010, 2012, 2013, 2015 Guidelines for Protecting Consumers from Fraudulent and Deceptive Commercial Practices across Borders (2003) The declaration on global electronic commerce (1998) OLD WTO WTO Work Programme for Electronic Commerce WTO USA/Antigua Online Gambling case (WTO dispute resolution) OLD WTO OLD APEC OLD ITU OLD UNCTAD OLD OLD OLD Other Other CEPAL Working Group on the Interaction between Trade and Process Competition Policy (WGTCP) APEC Electronic Commerce Steering Group (ECSG) - Process Paperless Trading Initiative X.500 certificate Instrument Recommendation Support for developing countries Programme - Capacity development UN DESA Process UN ECE Process Action Plan ELAC2015WG Process OECD UNCTAD OECD UNCITRAL Instrument - Other Instrument - Resolution Instrument - Other Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Discuss Implement Members (governments) observers Members (governments) + observers Members (governments) observers Members (governments) observers + Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Members (governments) observers Members (governments) Members (governments) observers Members (governments) observers Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) observers Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) observers Discuss n/a Global + Ad hoc coordination Regional + Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Discuss + Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Discuss + Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional + Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional + Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Instrument - Other Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Process Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Instrument - Judgement Implement Members (governments) Model Law on Electronic Commerce and the United Nations Instrument - Other Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts + Ad hoc coordination Discuss Members (governments) Discuss Members (governments) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) sectoral members Implement Members (governments) Discuss Discuss Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) n/a n/a Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Exclusive coverage (trade) Exclusive coverage (trade) Exclusive coverage (trade) Exclusive coverage (trade) Ad hoc coordination Global Global Global Global Regional + Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Members (governments) Members (governments) Members + observers Ad hoc coordination Global Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Global 16 Knowledge Insufficient data and research on the impact of Internet on labour-related public policy issues. Knowledge, policy Lack of data and research on the role of intermediaries in dealing with international Internet public policy issues. Insufficient harmonization of laws and regulation concerning the role of intermediaries. Policy Gaps in legislation that is relevant to enhancing trust in online transactions. Gaps in the international compatibility and interoperability of existing legislation relevant to e-commerce. 6.2. E-Money and virtual currencies BIS GSMA ECB The Basel Committee E-Banking Group. GSMA's global Mobile Money for the Unbanked initiative European Central Bank Report on characteristics of virtual currencies Financial Action Task Force (FATF) prepared a discussion paper on virtual currency (February 2013) Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI) Process Process Instrument - Other Discuss Discuss Discuss Process Instrument - Other Instrument - Other Instrument - Other Instrument - Other BIS Report: Non-banks in retail payment (September 2014) Report: Innovation in retail payment (May 2012) Survey of developments in electronic money and internet and mobile payments (March 2004) Survey of electronic money developments (November 2001) BIS Survey of electronic money (August 1996) Instrument - Other FATF BIS BIS BIS BIS 6.3. Instrument - Other Members (governments) Members (business) Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Global Global Global Discuss Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Global Decide binding) Discuss Discuss Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) (legally non- Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Global n/a n/a (legally non- Members (governments) n/a n/a Ad hoc coordination n/a n/a Global (legally non- Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Global (legally non- Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Global Consumer protection United Nations The United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection Instrument - Other OLD OECD OECD Guidelines for Protecting from Fraudulent and Deceptive Instrument - Other Commercial Practices Across Borders (2003) OECD Consumer Policy Committee Process OLD UN ECLAC eLAC 2015WG (Consumer protection) Process OLD ITU Instrument - Other OLD ITU ITU Report on Regulation and consumer protection in a converging environment (2013) ITU-D Study Group 1 work on consumer protection in converging environment and its Questions APEC Voluntary Consumer protection Guidelines for the Online Environment Awareness building, policy coordination, research Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Discuss Members (governments) observers Discuss Members (governments) observers Discuss n/a Council of Europe OECD Human Rights Guidelines for Online Games Providers Instrument - Other Process Discuss Instrument - Other Discuss APEC OLD Consumer International IPCEN Asia Pacific Consumer and Competition Facility ICANN 6.4. Coordination, capacity building, awareness building Global Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional + Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional + Ad hoc coordination Global n/a + Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Regional + Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Process Discuss Members observers (various) + Ad hoc coordination Global Consumer protection in dealing with the core internet resources Process Discuss Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global Ottawa Taxation Framework Conditions Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Instrument - Other Insufficient data and research on the impact of e-money and virtual currencies on Internet public policy issues, in particular related to e-commerce, taxation and consumer protection. Lack of mechanisms that could coordinate policy approaches to e-money and virtual currencies. Policy, capacity Insufficient harmonization of relevant legislation and coordination among policy initiatives and processes. Lack of representation of consumer interests (in particular from developing countries) in international bodies dealing with relevant Internet public policy issues. Knowledge, policy Insufficient data and research on taxation on the Internet. Lack of mechanisms where best practices could be shared and policy coordination could be ensured. Implementation, policy Gap in the implementation of measures to increase access. Weaknesses in monitoring and measurement of access. Insufficient coordination and intersectoral approach which would take into account all policy perspectives. n/a Members (governments) sectoral members Members (governments) observers Members (various) observers Members + observers Taxation OECD 6.5. Programme - Capacity Implement development Best practice, awareness building and coordination by IPCEN Process - Coordination Discuss (International Consumer Protection and Enforcement Network) Ad hoc coordination Knowledge, policy Other mechanisms related to economic activities, including competition policy, liberalization, privatization and regulations UN ECLAC Technological waste eLAC2015 Process Discuss OLD OLD ITU ITU ITU Global Regulators-Industry Dialogue (GRID) ITU Global Symposium for Regulators (GSR) Process Process - Event Discuss Discuss OLD OLD ITU ITU ITU ICT Regulation Toolkit ICT Regulatory Decisions Clearinghouse (ICTDec) Instrument - Other Process - Coordination Implement Discuss 7 DEVELOPMENT CLUSTER 7.1. Access OLD WSIS Geneva Plan of Action Instrument Decide OLD ITU/UNESCO OAS Broadband Commission for Digital Development Global Broadband and Innovations Programme Process Process Discuss Discuss Members (governments) observers Open - full participation Members (governments) sectoral members Open - full participation Members (governments) sectoral members Members (governments) observers Members (diverse) Members (governments) observers + Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination + Ad hoc coordination Global Global Ad hoc coordination + Ad hoc coordination Global Global + Structured coordination Global Ad hoc coordination + Ad hoc coordination 17 Global Global OLD Internet Society Cooperation with African Union on developing IXP Process ITU ITU-T Study Group 2 Operational aspects, Study Group 15 Process Networks, Technologies and Infrastructures for Transport, Access and Home, and Study Group 16 Multimedia ITU Resolution 70 (Rev. Dubai, 2012) Instrument - Resolution OLD ITU World Telecommunication Development Conference (WTDC) OLD ITU/UNESCO ITU OLD Process - Event Implement Discuss Members (various) Members (governments) sectoral members Ad hoc coordination + Ad hoc coordination Global Global Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) sectoral members Discuss Members (governments) + sectoral members Discuss Members (diverse) Members (governments) + sectoral members Members (governments) + sectoral members Discuss Members (governments) + sectoral members + Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Discuss (governments) + Ad hoc coordination Global (governments) + Ad hoc coordination Global (governments) + Ad hoc coordination Global OLD UN ECLAC Broadband Commission for Digital Development Process Intersector Rapporteur Group on Audiovisual Media Accessibility (IRG-AVA) Joint Coordination Activity on Accessibility and Human Factors (JCA-AHF0 ITU-D Study Group 1 Question 2/1 Broadband Access Process technologies, including IMT, for developing countries and Question 5/1 Telecommunications/ICTs for rural and remote areas Access and infrastructure eLAC2015 WG Process OLD UNESCO Awareness building and training Process Implement OLD UNGIS Instrument Discuss OLD IETF Instrument - Standard OLD IETF OLD IETF OLD IETF UNGIS Joint Statement on the Post-2015 Development Agenda. UN Secretary General’s report on the MDG’s and post2015 goals. ‘A Life of Dignity for All’ (centrality of science and technology, including ICTs). RFC 5012 ‘Requirements for Emergency Context Resolution with Internet Technologies’ RFC 5069 ‘Security Threats and Requirements for Emergency Call marking and Mapping” RFC 6881 “Best Current Practice for Communications Services in Support of Emergency Calling” RFC 6988 “Requirements for Energy Management” OLD OLD W3C Alliance for Affordable internet ICC APEC Web Accessibility Initiative Process Multistakeholder coalition aimed at sharing expertise, best Process practices and success stories. Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Decide binding) Discuss Discuss Business Action to Support the Information Society APEC – Telecommunications project Process Process Discuss Discuss OLD World Bank Development Programmes Programme Implement OLD OLD OLD WSIS Forum Other Other Process - Event Process n/a Discuss Discuss n/a OLD Other n/a n/a OLD OLD OLD OLD OLD Other Other Other Other Other Workshops and Forums Broadband Partnership of the Americas Cooperation Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas (Red Clara) Enabling Use of TV White Spaces for Delivering Broadband Google Integra Google - Project Loon Observatoria Regional de Banda Ancha (ORBA) TechGirls - U.S. Department of State Exchange Programme TechWomen - U.S. Department of State Exchange Programme Members (business) Members (governments) observers Members (governments) observers Open - full participation Open - full participation n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a OLD Other UNESCO Nethope Intergovernmental Information for All Programme (IFAP) Process - Coordination Discuss UNESCO Moscow Declaration on Digital Information Preservation Instrument - other ISOC Assessment of the impact of Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) – Instrument - other empirical study of Kenya and Nigeria ISOC Connectivity in Latin America and the Caribbean: The Role of Instrument - other Internet Exchange Points (2013) Analysis Mason report for the Internet Society: Lifting barriers to Instrument- other Internet development in Africa: suggestions for improving connectivity (2013) Working Party on Communication Infrastructures and Services Process - Coordination Policy report: “International Cables, Gateways, Backhaul and International Exchange Points” ITU ITU ISOC OECD 7.2. Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard Members observers Members observers Members observers (legally non- Open - full participation Exclusive coverage Global (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Exclusive coverage (technical) Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation (legally non- Open - full participation Open - full participation Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination + Ad hoc coordination Global Regional + Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination n/a Global Regional n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Members (governments) + observers Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Discuss Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Regional Discuss n/a n/a n/a Discuss n/a n/a n/a Discuss Members (governments) + observers Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Implementation, policy, knowledge Digital divide UNGIS UNGIS Joint Statement on the Post-2015 Development Instrument - Other Agenda. Discuss Members organisations) (international Ad hoc coordination 18 Global Weaknesses in the implementation of measures to reduce digital divide and in the mainstreaming of issues concerning digital divide in international development strategies. Insufficient data and statistical measurement concerning the impact of policy mechanisms and actions. UN WSIS UN Secretary General’s report on the MDG’s and post-2015 Instrument - Other goals. ‘A Life of Dignity for All’ (centrality of science and technology, including ICTs). WSIS Outcome Documents Instrument - Other Discuss Members organisations) Decide Members observers (international Ad hoc coordination (governments) Global + Structured coordination Global 7.3. Capacity development OLD ITU ITU-D numerous capacity building and training programmes and Programme - Capacity Implement initiatives in developing countries such as the join ITU-WHO development Mobile Health for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) Initiative Open - full participation OLD OLD ITU UN ESCWA ITU Academy Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Programme - Training Programme - Training Global Regional OLD World Bank Capacity development programmes Programme - Capacity Implement development Instrument - Other Discuss Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Members (governments) + Ad hoc coordination observers Members (governments) + observers Members (international Ad hoc coordination organisations) Programme - Capacity Implement development Programme - Capacity Implement development Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Regional Programme - Training Implement Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global Programme - Training Implement Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Regional Programme - Training Implement Members (governments) observers Open - full participation Open - full participation UNGIS OLD UNGIS Joint Statement on the Post-2015 Development Agenda. UN Secretary General’s report on the MDG’s and post2015 goals. ‘A Life of Dignity for All’ (centrality of science and technology, including ICTs). DiploFoundation Capacity development, online and in situ courses on Internet governance Regional Capacity development and training programmes internet Registries African School Provide training in Internet governance for African officials on Internet Governance Escuela Virtual Online training Mercosur Digital en Comercio Electronico UNCTAD TrainForTrade Programme OLD OLD UNIDO UN ECE OLD OLD ICANN ISOC OLD OLD OLD OLD OLD OLD OLD OLD OLD OLD OLD 8 Training programmes European Cooperation and Integration Division (ECID) capacity building for policymakers to meet legal challenges related to ICTs Learn project Next Generation Leaders (NGL) Programme Implement Discuss Programme - Training Implement Programme - Capacity Implement development Programme - Training Implement Programme - Capacity Implement development ISOC Training for Internet engineers in emerging economies and Programme - Training Implement developing countries (e.g. network administration, advanced routing, wireless network). ISOC Training in cooperation with AfriNIC, AfNOG, RIPE-NCC, Programme - Training Implement APNIC, LacNIC, MENOG, SANOG, WALC, AfCHIX, OAS and CITEL. Internet Society Training, best practices and technical programmes in developing Process Implement countries Other American-English Mobile Application (no available info) U.S. Aid Higher Education Solutions Network (HESN) US State Department West Africa Cybersecurity and Cybercrime Workshop Google’s support: Infrastructure and non-infrastructure support Process Implement for NREN’s in Africa Ad hoc coordination + Ad hoc coordination Implementation Lack of funds and other resources to ensure sustainable capacity development. Inadequate focus in institutional capacity development. Policy Gap in addressing the tension between national regulation and transborder nature of the Internet Policy, implementation Insufficient mainstreaming of Internet policy in existing mechanisms dealing with cultural diversity. Gap in the protection of online artifacts as part of global cultural heritage. Global Global Global Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Global regional Open - full participation Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global Global Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Global Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Regional Ad hoc coordination Regional SOCIO-CULTURAL CLUSTER 8.1. Content policy OLD European Court of Justice Council of Europe OECD ISOC-OECDUNESCO The CoJ’s judgement in the case of Google (Spain and Inc.) v. Spanish Data Protection Authority and M.C. Gonzales Additional Protocol to the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime (2003) Research on relationship between local content and internet development The Report on Relationship Between Local Content, Internet Development, and Access Prices 8.2. Cultural diversity OLD UNESCO OLD UNESCO OLD UNESCO UNESCO Charter on the Preservation of Digital Heritage (2003) Instrument - Judgement Implement Instrument - Convention Decide binding) Programme - Research Discuss Instrument - other (legally Members (governments) Discuss Instrument - Other Decide (legally nonbinding) Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Instrument - Convention Decide (legally Cultural Expressions binding) Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity (2001) Instrument - Other Decide (legally nonbinding) Intergovernmental Information for All Programme (IFAP) - the Programme Discuss strategic priority on multilingualism Members (governments) observers Members (governments) + observers + Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Pan-regional Global Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Global Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Global Members (governments) Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Global Members observers (governments) 19 UNESCO UNESCO IFAP - Lena Declaration on Linguistic and Cultural diversity in Instrument - other Cyberspace IFAP - Sakhalin Declaration on Internet and Socio-Cultural Instrument - Other Transformations 8.3 Multilingualism OLD ITU/UNESCO UNESCO UNESCO UNESCO UNESCO OLD ITU OLD OLD ICANN IETF W3C Broadband Commission for Digital Development The Recommendation concerning the Promotion and Use of Multilingualism and Universal Access to Cyberspace (2003) Intergovernmental Information for All Programme (IFAP) - the strategic priority on multilingualism IFAP - Lena Declaration on Linguistic and Cultural diversity in Cyberspace IFAP - Sakhalin Declaration on Internet and Socio-Cultural Transformations ITU Resolution 133 (Rev. Guadalajara, 2010), on the Role of administrations of Member States in the management of internationalized (multilingual) domain names Fast Track process or Internationalized Domain Names DINA and Indaba's protocols for use of native languages and scripts Web standards Process Instrument - Other Programme Instrument - Other Instrument - Other Instrument - Resolution Process Instrument - Standard Instrument - Standard OLD UNESCO/ICAN UNESCO/ICANN/ISOC partnership on multilingual Internet Process N/ISOC Governance Glossary 8.4 Online education UNECA OLD UNCTAD ISO/IEC IEEE International Digital Publishing Forum IMS UNESCO UNESCO UNESCO 8.5 JTC1 Subcommittee 36 - standardisation in the field of IT for Instrument - Standard learning, education and training (30 technical standards) Learning Technology Standards Committee Process EPUB - a distribution and interchange format standard for digital Instrument - Standard publications and documents (used for e-readers and digital books) IMS Global Consortium standards of technology-enabled learning systems Intergovernmental Information for All Programme (IFAP) strategic priority on Information Literacy IFAP-IFLA Recommendation on Media and Information Literacy Promotion Moscow Declaration on Media and Information Literacy Instrument - Standard Programme Instrument - other Instrument - other Discuss Members (diverse) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) observers Discuss Members (governments) observers Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) sectoral members Discuss Members (diverse) Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Decide (legally non- Members (diverse) binding) Discuss Open - full participation Discuss Open - full participation Discuss Members (governments) observers Decide (legally non- Members (diverse) binding) Discuss Members (diverse) Decide (legally non- Members (diverse) binding) Decide (legally non- Members (diverse) binding) Discuss Members (governments) observers Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination + Ad hoc coordination Global Global + Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Global Global Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination CoE Council of Europe’s Committee of Ministers recommendation to Instrument - Other member states on the protection and promotion of the universality, integrity and openness of the Internet ICANN’s procedures and policies in the light of Instrument - Other human rights, fundamental freedoms and democratic values Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) Discuss Members observers (governments) Global Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Global Global Ad hoc coordination Global + Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Regional + Ad hoc coordination Regional Internet and ethics UNESCO UNESCO UNESCO UNESCO UNESCO Intergovernmental Information for All Programme (IFAP) Information ethics as strategic priority IFAP Code of Ethics for the Information Society. IFAP - Riga Guidelines on Ethics in the Information Society IFAP - Sakhalin Declaration on internet and Socio-cultural Transformation IFAP - St. George’s Declaration and Action Plan for Building Caribbean Knowledge Societies Programme Discuss Instrument - Other Instrument - Other Instrument - Other Discuss Discuss Decide (legally nonbinding) Decide (legally nonbinding) Instrument - Other Members (governments) observers Open - full participation Open - full participation Open - full participation + Ad hoc coordination Global Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Ad hoc coordination Global Global Global Open - full participation Ad hoc coordination Regional Full coverage Full coverage Full coverage OTHER ISSUES (NOT CLASSIFIED IN THE MAIN GROUPS) OLD IGF IGF annual meeting Process Discuss Open - full participation IGF Regional IGF initiatives Process Discuss Open - full participation ITU, UNESCO, UNCTAD, UNDP WSIS Forum Process Discuss Open - full participation 20 Implementation, policy, knowledge Gaps in increasing multilingual content on the Internet. Weaknesses in quantitative measurement. Insufficient structured approaches to addressing multilingual aspects in the development of standards and technical solutions. Knowledge, implementation Insufficient research and data of the impact of online learning on international aspects of educational policies. Gaps in coordination and exchange of best practices among institutions dealing with policy aspects of online education. Knowledge, implementation Gaps in research and data as well as in the exchange of experiences and practices from other policy fields relevant to global public goods. Knowledge Insufficient awareness, capacity building, research and exchange of information on ethical dimensions of the Internet. Regional + Ad hoc coordination Internet as global public good CoE 8.6 Access to Scientific and Socio-economic knowledge in Africa Process (ASKIA) Digital development in education Process Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) intersectoral Global intersectoral Regional intersectoral Global Brazilian Internet NETmundial Global Multistakeholder Meeting on the Future of Process and Instrument Decide (legally non- Open - full participation Steering Internet Governance and its Declaration binding) Committee and 1net Full coverage intersectoral Global WEF NETmundial Initiative Process WSIS+10 High Level Event and its outcome documents Process and Instrument Decide (legally non- Open - full participation binding) Full coverage Full coverage intersectoral Global ITU, UNESCO, UNCTAD, UNDP UNESCO Information document: Reflection and Analysis by UNESCO on the Internet UNESCO Towards Knowledge Societies for Peace and Sustainable Development - First WSIS+10 Review Event and its outcome documents Internet Society Global Internet Report Different Cyberspace Conferences (London - Budapest - Seoul - Hague) organizers ITU World Telecommunication/Policy Forum (WTPF) Instrument -publication Discuss n/a n/a n/a Instrument Decide (legally nonbinding) Open - full participation Full intersectoral coverage Global Instrument - publication Process Discuss Discuss n/a Open - full participation Process ITU Process Decide (legally non- Members (governments) binding) observers Discuss Members (governments) Instrument -publication Discuss Process Decide (legally non- Open- full participation binding) Implement Open - full participation ITU UNESCO ITU CSTD OLD OLD OLD ELAC Council Working Group on International Internet related public policy issues Annual brochure Identifying Emerging Trends and a vision beyond 2015 Connected the Dots Options for Future Action multistakeholder conference and its outcomes WSIS Stocktaking Database Instrument - other United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Process - Coordination Development (CSTD) Plataforma Regional sobre Residuos Electrónicos en Latinoamérica y el Caribe (RELAC) Red de Gobierno Electrónico de América Latina y Caribe (RedGEALC) ELAC ICT and Health eLAC2015 WG Discuss Open - full participation n/a n/a Full coverage + Ad hoc coverage Ad hoc coverage n/a intersectoral Global n/a intersectoral Global intersectoral Global intersectoral Global n/a Decide (legally non- Members binding observers (governments) Ad hoc intersectoral Global coverage Full intersectoral Global coverage + Ad hoc coordination Global Members observers (governments) + 21 Gaps submitted by different stakeholders to the Correspondence Group of the Working Group on Enhanced Cooperation These suggestions for gaps were submitted by different stakeholders to the Correspondence Group (CG) of the Working Group on Enhanced Cooperation (WGEC) as it reviewed the international public policy issues pertaining to the Internet from November 2013 - May 2014. They don't represent the views of the CSTD secretariat. See the background concerning WGEC and the CG on pages 2-3 of the report. Issue 1. Technical standards 2. CIR management (including IP addresses, DNS and the root zone) 3. Fostering a sustainable and innovative Internet for future generations 4. Internet and security Gaps One of the key organizations, ICANN, is under unilateral oversight of one government, the US. Appropriate interfaces to assert global public interest do not exist with most organizations Public participation especially pertaining to marginalised sections needs improvement in all. There are domain specific mechanisms for this public policy issue. However, they have not evolved and/or have only a limited mandate to address challenges arising because of internet. Gaps and areas of improvement: 1. Broaden representation of stakeholder groups to ensure inclusion of stakeholders relevant to the subject matters. 2. Wider participation of countries (at present 131) in active participation in GAC 3. Effective participation of stakeholders of developing and least developed economies in the policy development process. ICANN is under unilateral oversight of the US. The public policy interfaces with CIR management tasks is rather poor (being ad hoc where it exists) to non existent. There is no international mechanism to deal with this public policy issue. While on international mechanism exists , non-globally representative plurilateral bodies like OECD's Committee on Computers, Information and Communication Policies (CCICP) does a lot of work in this area, and such policies get applied by default or economic and political strength based 'arm twisting' on the whole world. There are domain specific mechanisms for this public policy issue. However, they have not evolved and/or have only a limited mandate to address challenges arising because of internet. There is no global mechanism to look at issues under this area in a holistic manner. And such matters related to the Internet needs a holistic examination and dealing, even while they may also be party be attended to by existing domain related bodies Pluri lateral treaties like the Council of Europe's agreement on Cybercrime get 'foisted' on the whole world, which is very undemocratic. Other countries often have little option but to sign on to such an agreement was developed without they being on the table, if they have to avoid falling off the global economic and social grid. Most cannot afford it and so submit to such undemocratic governance regimes. Increased participation of technical experts from the governmental community and other stakeholders in IETF and other standards work. My response to this question will be typical with regard to many other issues below. There are mechanism looking at the subject outside the Internet space, but not in an Internet related manner, which (1) can be unique enough to require separate consideration and (2) in any case has to be often seen along with many other Internet-related public policy issues in a holistic manner. There is no international mechanism to deal with this public policy issue. Global agreement to cooperate to improve cybersecurity. For sure there are many agreements, but none are global, and developed countries are not yet signatories to the 2012 International 22 5. Cybercrime 6. Child online protection 7. Privacy and data protection 8. Human rights 9. Competition policy, liberalization, privatization and regulations Telecommunications Regulations, which would have been a first step towards such an agreement. Pluri lateral treaties like the Council of Europe's agreement on Cybercrime get 'foisted' on the whole world, which is very undemocratic. Other countries often have little option but to sign on to such an agreement was developed without they being on the table, if they have to avoid falling off the global economic and social grid. Most cannot afford it and so submit to such undemocratic governance regimes. There is no body looking at this issue in an Internet centred manner, and cyber crime is a whole kind space and kind of crime that needs treatment in a special way, and in conjunction with other Internet related policy issues, like human rights, technical standards, cross border data flows and so on. There are domain specific mechanisms for this public policy issue. However, they have not evolved and/or have only a limited mandate to address challenges arising because of internet. There is no international mechanism to deal with this public policy issue. There is no body looking at this issue in an Internet centred manner. Data protections frameworks are being enforced through bilateral frameworks or even through commercial contracts. There is no global mechanism to look into this issue, do studies and research, and develop consensus, principles and policies.; There is no international mechanism to deal with this public policy issue ; Mechanisms that allow effective collaboration of countries that are opposed to pervasive surveillance, to the effect of effectively preventing pervasive surveillance of their citizens' communications and/or metadata (for example by foreign powers). The modalities of participation for in UNHRC processes can be quite restrictive for NGOs, with heavy accreditation requirements (e.g. ECOSOC status). Human Right Council is not able to deal with all Internet related HR issues in an adequate manner. So many of these issues have very unique kind of dimensions. More importantly, they are of such a cross border nature that existing frameworks of understanding and action may not be adequate. Human rights bodies tend to deal with issues on a case by case basis or as they fall within the scope of their mandate. The result is that new norms are emerging or under discussion, but these take time and are not yet fully agreed. The freedom of expression that made the Internet possible in the first place is unprotected. Now those freedoms have been slowly whittled down and in cases extinguished, even in societies professing to protect free expression. Only when a communication medium – here, the global Internet – can perform its function, namely to flow information freely, can citizens, around the world, in their many roles, reap the most manifold benefits that could be on offer This latter gap, the failure to insure free flow, is counterpoint to the first gap. While governance controls and directs, free flow – in a tension with governance – opens to uncontrolled change and the better living standards that innovation can bring. Not to mention, free flow is also bedrock for the successful operation of democratic governance itself, in the first place There is no international mechanism to deal with this public policy issue . Democratic arrangements to set policy for Internet governance and then to see to its ongoing execution, including to-be-newly-instituted regional and global mechanisms that are democratic. Mechanisms to guarantee protection of freedom on expression on the Internet. Competition policy mechanisms at national and regional levels vary widely Internet business is uniquely global, in a manner that no other business is global. Without having an 'real' presence in a country or jurisdiction, an Internet company can have a extremely significant role in social, political, economic and cultural process of a country. There is a very strong tendency of monopolisation in Internet business. But because of its global nature, it is difficult to apply pro competition policies or any other kind of public interest regulation. 23 10. E-commerce and trade 11. Intermediary liability 12. Consumer rights A country like the US where most global Internet business is head-quartered can apply its economic law on these business. To a lesser extent, a powerful economic block, like the EU, can also force application of its policies and law. But for most countries they simply have to accept things as they are and they are not able to apply their own policy preferences on these businesses. Bodies like the WTO deal with e-commerce in manner that does not adequately connect with other uniquely Internet-related public policy issues, like cross border data flows, jurisdiction over global Internet businesses, problems with tax computation and distribution reg ecommerce, technical standards, and so on. There are domain specific mechanisms for this public policy issue. However, they have not evolved and/or have only a limited mandate to address challenges arising because of internet. There is absolutely no mechanism dealing with this very important public policy space. It should be recognized that many Internet based platforms/ businesses have become a very potent new kind of social mediators with a huge amount of social, economic, political and cultural power, often exercised in a monopolistic fashion. Such economic structures are precisely the kind which needs maximum regulation (like traditional media and telecom). However due to global nature of these platforms they escape regulation which is greatly hurting public interest. Internet Intermediary platforms based Internet business are law unto themselves (except with respect to the US and to a lesser extent the EU) and, given their enormous social, political, economic and cultural power, this is an entirely unsustainable model. There are domain specific mechanisms for this public policy issue. However, they have not evolved and/or have only a limited mandate to address challenges arising because of internet. Internet business is uniquely global, in a manner that no other business is global. Without having an 'real' presence in a country or jurisdiction, an Internet company can have a extremely significant role in social, political, economic and cultural process of a country. There is a very strong tendency of monopolisation in Internet business. But because of its global nature, it is difficult to apply pro competition policies or any other kind of public interest regulation. There is absolutely no mechanism dealing with this very important public policy space. It should be recognized that many Internet based platforms/ businesses have become a very potent new kind of social mediators with a huge amount of social, economic, political and cultural power, often exercised in a monopolistic fashion. Such economic structures are precisely the kind which needs maximum regulation (like traditional media and telecom). However due to global nature of these platforms they escape regulation which is greatly hurting public interest. 13. Intellectual property rights (IPR) 14. ICT4D Consumers are absolutely at the mercy of global Internet businesses that consider themselves immune from local and national, there being few means to enforce them. Bodies like the WIPO deal with Internet related IP and access to knowledge issues in manner that does not adequately connect with other uniquely Internet-related public policy issues, like cross border data flows, jurisdiction over global Internet businesses, problems with tax computation and distribution reg e-commerce, technical standards, and so on. Increased multistakeholder participation, representation of end user-organisations. Some have argued that the current global intellectual property regime needs reforms to foster the global dissemination of innovation and achieve sustainable development goals. There are domain specific mechanisms for this public policy issue. However, they have not evolved and/or have only a limited mandate to address challenges arising because of internet. UNDP does not pay enough attention to ICTD, which it should. However, the problem is also that ICTD requires unique competencies of understanding ICTS in their social impact in a uniquely cross cutting manner which has not been easy for UNDP to do, whereby it has more or less given up this area. Especially how the issue of governance and architecture of the 24 15. Capacity building 16. Access, accessibility and affordability 17. Net Neutrality Internet impacts development issues like education, access to public services, democratic participation, and so on, is something UNDO will need help from a body which has expertise in Internet issues. There are domain specific mechanisms for this public policy issue. However, they have not evolved and/or have only a limited mandate to address challenges arising because of internet. There are domain specific mechanisms for this public policy issue. However, they have not evolved and/or have only a limited mandate to address challenges arising because of internet. Most capacity building initiatives emanate from developed countries and, however well meaning they may be has strong geo-political bias which does not serve the interests of developing countries. The gap is of a global institution which can do background research, provide analysis and do capacity building in this very important emerging area of IG – where knowledge is really deficient - in a manner that really serves the best interests of developing countries – somewhat like UNCTAD does, however hum-strung it is being rendered. ITU need to reduce its reliance on the telecom industry and become a truly global public interest body, with wide public/ civil society participation. Diverse goals for internet access across stakeholders; extensive monitoring across stakeholders. Access has to be seen together with what has been called as 'effective use' that implicates not only the telecom layers but also higher layers, of applications, content and also capacity building. These all need to be seen holistically, which is what the development related part of a new UN based body on Internet-related policies must do. There are domain specific mechanisms for this public policy issue. However, they have not evolved and/or have only a limited mandate to address challenges arising because of internet. Updating existing national policy frameworks in support of access, choice and transparency. Net Neutrality is a very important, even paradigmatic policy issue of Internet governance and there is no body dealing with it. (especially since ITU has been refused an Internet related mandate with respect even to the physical layer.) 18. Multilingualism and cultural diversity on the internet 19. Legal & regulatory frameworks There being no global policy framework for net neutrality, not any body that can develop it, the nature of the global Internet is fast changing away from its promised end-to-end and egalitarian character. There is no international mechanism to deal with this public policy issue There are domain specific mechanisms for this public policy issue. However, they have not evolved and/or have only a limited mandate to address challenges arising because of internet. No body that looks at legal and regulatory issues with respect to the Internet. And with Internet's uniquely global nature, it is important to visit this area of regulatory and legal frameworks from a completely new perspective. The gap is related to the fact that there either exist nothing in this space, or it is filled up by unilateral agreements, or even worse, commercial arrangements and undemocratic arbitration systems. So far there is an absence of democratic arrangements to set Ig policy and to see to its ongoing execution. Democratic governance means governance by democratic states. Since Ig must be global, that means governance by regional and global democratic mechanisms. That means democratic governments, together and in concert, regionally and globally, exercise policy discretion and then execute policy. These mechanisms do not exist. As has been the case across the history of democracy, citizens – in roles such as consumers, businesses, academics, and so forth – input into the democratic decision-making. But only governments, duly elected and faithfully responsive to their citizens, enjoy legitimacy to govern There are domain specific mechanisms for this public policy issue. However, they have not evolved and/or have only a limited mandate to address challenges arising because of internet. 25 20. Applicable jurisdiction, cross border coordination 21. Media convergence 22. Internet uses and applications 23. Stakeholders and governance Mechanisms to discuss the interplay between democracy and multistakeholder processes. Mechanisms to provide oversight on internal stakeholder processes to ensure probity of their processes as to procedures for inclusion/exclusion, internal decision making, and transparency of funding and other elements. Mechanisms that allow an international multistakeholder process to compile information on different public policy options, and provide this information to national parliaments for their consideration. Mechanisms that allow stakeholders to discuss, in their respective roles as outlined in the Tunis Agenda, the structure, supervision, and accountability of ICANN and IANA. At present all such discussions take place in ICANN itself, and governments have a purely advisory role, even for public policy issues. The UNCITRAL model of arbitration should be adapted to reflect disputes occurring in the Internet and facilitate Internet-related transactions. Determining and enforcing jurisdictions on the Internet has become a very difficult if not an impossible task . The resulting lawlessness over and through the Internet can be very detrimental to public interest. In default of legitimate mechanisms, the law of the powerful – whether politically or economically – applies. There are domain specific mechanisms for this public policy issue. However, they have not evolved and/or have only a limited mandate to address challenges arising because of internet. One of the challenges is to make sure that all interested parties are informed and take the opportunity to participate. Very soon all media will be IP/Internet based... It has major public policy implications. Due to global nature of the Internet these implications will be of a global nature. There is currently no body capable of looking into this issues in the manner it is required to be looked into (UNESCO has been doing some work here, which has been rather weak.) There is simply no legal framework or regulation over global media, which can become very dangerous, with kind of important social , political and cultural role that media plays in our lives. There are domain specific mechanisms for this public policy issue. However, they have not evolved and/or have only a limited mandate to address challenges arising because of internet. Further outreach is underway to secure broader and more active participation by governments in this important Committee (GAC). Lack of developing countries’ representation. Wider multistakeholder engagement on this concept. The gap is a global democratic policy and regulatory approach and means to apply/ enforce it. This is too generic a policy area. But obviously it is very important, as new and new uses of the Internet, going to the very heart of social interactions, keep coming up. There is no body at all to look into this at present. Right now this area is largely dealt by the law of the countries where a commercial application is registered as a business, or through the device of 'terms of services', which are rather useless to protect public interest. There are domain specific mechanisms for this public policy issue. However, they have not evolved and/or have only a limited mandate to address challenges arising because of internet. Financial and political support to allow the IGF to reach its full potential. In line with Action Line C1 of the Geneva Plan of Action on the role of governments and all stakeholders in the promotion of ICTs for development, governments should initiate, at the national level, a structured dialogue involving all relevant stakeholders, including through public/private partnerships, in devising e-strategies for the Information Society and for the exchange of best practices. Such a dialogue should include Internet-related public policy issues. Implementation of Action Line C 1 b) and d) would not only enhance democratic participation at the national level, but would also contribute to fostering more efficient and legitimate policies. As a general rule, governments should consult with all parties that would be affected by the results of policy decisions. This includes the academic and technical 26
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