Mopho Manual V.1.0 Mophoownersmanual

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Operation Manual

Mopho
Operation Manual

Version 1.0
September 2008

Dave Smith Instruments
1590 Sylvaner Avenue
Saint Helena, CA 94574-2340
USA

Tested To Comply
With FCC Standards
FOR OFFICE USE
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference and
(2) this device must accept any interference received,
including
interference
that
may
cause
undesired
operation.

This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of
the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.

Cet appareil numerique de la classe B respecte toutes
les exigences du Reglement sur le materiel brouilleur du
Canada.

For Technical Support, email: support@davesmithinstruments.com

Contents
Quick Start................................................................................................. 1
Getting Connected .................................................................................... 3
Front Panel Controls ................................................................................. 5
Basic Operation......................................................................................... 9
Global Parameters .................................................................................. 13
Program Parameters............................................................................... 15
Oscillator Parameters .......................................................................... 15
Miscellaneous Oscillator Parameters .................................................. 16
Mixer Parameters ................................................................................ 17
Low-pass Filter Parameters................................................................. 17
VCA Parameters.................................................................................. 18
LFO Parameters .................................................................................. 19
Envelope 3 Parameters ....................................................................... 20
Modulation Parameters ....................................................................... 21
Push It Switch Parameters .................................................................. 22
Clock Parameters ................................................................................ 23
Arpeggiator Parameters ...................................................................... 23
Sequence Parameters......................................................................... 24
Name Parameter ................................................................................. 25
Modulation Destinations.......................................................................... 26
Modulation Sources ................................................................................ 28
Parameter List ......................................................................................... 29
MIDI Implementation ............................................................................... 30
MIDI Messages.................................................................................... 30
NRPN Messages ................................................................................. 33
Global Parameter Data........................................................................ 34
Program Parameter Data .................................................................... 35
Sysex Messages ................................................................................. 41
Packed Data Format............................................................................ 44
Hidden Function ...................................................................................... 44

Quick Start
Thanks for purchasing your Mopho synthesizer! Listen to the sounds, twiddle
some knobs, have some fun!
Please Register!
Please go to www.davesmithinstruments.com and register your synth. If you
purchased directly from us, there is no need to register — we already have your
contact information.
Powering Up
So, plug in the power supply, connect (in stereo!!) to your mixer/sound system,
and start playing!
You can use the PUSH IT switch to trigger sounds without a keyboard. If you’re
using a MIDI keyboard, try applying keyboard pressure (aftertouch) and the
mod wheel. Many sounds are fairly simple at first, then come alive when you
use the controllers. With other sounds, you may need to hold the notes a while to
let the sound unfold. Playing in different ways has a big effect on the programs.
Selecting and Editing Programs and Global Settings
You can use the increment and decrement (+ and -) switches to step through the
programs. Hold them down briefly to increment or decrement the bank. There
are 3 banks of 128 programs.
If you want to edit a program, just turn any knob. The new value will be
displayed in the bottom line of the LCD (the top line displays the programmed
value for handy reference).
After turning knobs, just hit PROGRAM MODE so the LCD goes back to the
program/bank screen, allowing you to change programs again.
Press and hold the PROGRAM MODE switch briefly to display the Global menu
and change higher level parameters such as MIDI channel number,
Transpose/Detune, and so on. The PROGRAM knob changes the displayed page
and increment and decrement change the values. These settings are remembered
when the synth is turned off.
Summary
You should be up and running now; for more operation information, read on. Or,
just look up specific parameters for detailed notes. Pages 26 through 28 contain
a handy reference for mod destinations and sources. At some point you should

read through the manual to discover all the little features that you might not
notice at first.
Don’t forget you get a free editor for Mac OS or Windows with your purchase.
Download it from www.soundtower.com/mopho.
I should mention that this manual does not include explanations of basic analog
synthesizer functions. It assumes you already know what an oscillator is, how a
low-pass filter affects the sound, what an ADSR envelope looks like, and so on.
Fortunately, these days it is quite easy to find such resources on the Internet. If
you want to learn the lingo and the basics, just try a search in Google (or the
search engine of your choice), something like “analog synthesizer tutorial.”
You’ll find plenty of good reading material.
Have fun!
Dave Smith

Special thanks to:
Jeff Koepper, Andrew McGowan, Dave Polich, and Stefan Trippler. Thanks also
to the authors of the Prophet ’08 programs, many of which are used in Mopho.

Getting Connected
Mopho has several inputs and outputs on its back panel.
Power Input — Connect the power supply included with your Mopho. The

power supply comes with different AC adaptor prongs that allow it to work
anywhere in the world. If for whatever reason you need to use a different supply,
it must match the specifications printed on the front panel.
Note: The power supply label says “Evolver” on it; we use the same
supply for the mono Evolvers and the Prophets.
MIDI In — To receive MIDI data from another device, connect this to the other

device's MIDI Out.
MIDI Out — To send MIDI data to another device, connect this to the other

device's MIDI In. This output can also be configured as a MIDI Thru using the
MIDI Out Select parameter in the Global menu.
Audio In — Mopho can be used as a signal processor. Audio is routed through

the filter and envelopes and, when the signal level is high enough, a gate is
generated. Audio can also be used to advance the sequencer when Seq Trigger is
set to Audio In.
Note: Though Mopho can process external audio, it does not have a pitch
detector, so the oscillators do not track the pitch of the source audio.
Audio Out — Mopho’s unbalanced, stereo outputs.
Phones — A 1/4 inch stereo headphone jack.

Front Panel Controls

Input Gain — Used to adjust the gain of AUDIO IN. For more about using

Mopho to process external audio, see page 11. For low-level sources (like
guitars), INPUT GAIN should be turned up. For line-level sources, it will usually
be turned down. Turning it down does not turn it off, it just decreases the gain.
External Input Volume (see Mixer Parameters on page 17) controls the amount
of signal that gets mixed into the filter and must be turned up for any audio—
external or feedback—to be heard.
Note: The factory programs use a naming convention where “FB”
indicates a program is designed to take advantage of the feedback
capability. When nothing is plugged into the Audio In jack, the left
Audio Output is normalled to the input. This provides a feedback path
that will create some unique, wild sounds. INPUT GAIN is not a
programmable control, so its position will have an effect on those
programs.. For most FB sounds, the INPUT GAIN should be set to
minimum, and will get out of control (often nicely!) when turned up.
Program — Use PROGRAM to change and scroll through the programs. Also
used to select parameters in Global mode.
Program Mode — Mopho has three modes of operation: program, edit, and

global. When in program mode, the display shows the name, number, and bank
of the current program. Editing any of the parameters puts Mopho into edit

mode and displays the last parameter edited and its stored and edited values. See
Program Parameters starting on page 15 for more information.
Global mode is accessed by briefly holding down the PROGRAM MODE button.
The Global menu is displayed. Use PROGRAM to change global parameters and
the increment and decrement (+ and -) buttons to change the settings. See Global
Parameters on page 13 for more information.
To return to program mode from edit or global mode, simply press PROGRAM
MODE.
Write — Use WRITE to save an edited program to any of Mopho’s 384 memory
locations. To execute the write operation, press the increment (+) button. To
cancel a write, press WRITE, decrement (-), or PROGRAM MODE. WRITE is also
used to execute certain operations in the Global menu.

Note: You can store a program in a different location. After hitting the
WRITE button, you can change the destination using the PROGRAM knob,
and you can change banks by holding the increment (+) and decrement
(-) buttons. Be careful changing the banks! If you hit the increment
button quickly, it saves the program wherever you are at that point. If you
want to change banks, just be sure to hold the button for a couple
seconds.
Volume — Controls the volume of the left and right audio outputs and the

headphone output.
Increment/Decrement — The increment and decrement (+ and -) controls are

used to step through programs in program mode, to change values in the Global
menu, and to confirm or cancel various operations. In edit mode they
increase/decrease the parameter value. They are also used to select Mopho’s
three program banks. Hold increment briefly to switch to the next highest bank;
hold decrement to switch to the next lowest bank.
Assignable Parameters 1-4 — Any of Mopho’s program parameters can be

edited from the front panel using the ASSIGNABLE PARAMETERS controls and the
assignments for the controls are saved per program, to best suit that program. In
other words, the assignments for the controls can be completely different from
one program to another.
Assign Parameters — When the ASSIGN PARAMETERS LED is lit, turn any of

the ASSIGNABLE PARAMETERS controls to select from the list of program
parameters. Press ASSIGN PARAMETERS again (turn the LED off) to use the
ASSIGNABLE PARAMETERS controls to edit the selected parameters. For a
description of the parameters, see Program Parameters beginning on page 15.
For a list of the parameters, see page 29.
6

Pitch — Controls the base frequency of the two oscillators. The relative interval

between the two oscillators is maintained, even when the extremes are reached.
Cutoff — Controls the filter cutoff.
Resonance — Controls filter resonance.

Note: The filter will only self oscillate when in 4-pole mode. See Lowpass Filter Parameters on page 17 for more information.
Attack — Simultaneously adjusts the attack portion of all envelope generators:

filter, amplifier, and Envelope 3.
Decay/Release — Simultaneously adjusts the decay and release portions of all
envelope generators: filter, amplifier, and Envelope 3.
Push It! — The PUSH IT button is a manual trigger to play Mopho. It can trigger
a specific note (at a specific velocity) or a gated sequence, latch notes or
sequences on and off, and manually step through a sequence. For more
information, see Program Parameters, beginning on page 15.

Basic Operation
In designing Mopho, the goal was to make a great sounding analog mono synth
that was also affordable. Toward that end, we wanted to give players enough
control over parameters to make it useful for performance, so we came up with a
combination of “hard-wired” commonly used controls and user-assignable
controls. Any of Mopho’s parameters can be edited in real time from the front
panel controls. But we also recognize that may not be the quickest or easiest
way to program sounds from scratch. A free editor is available for Mac OS and
Windows that gives you access to all of Mopho’s program parameters
simultaneously. Download it here: www.soundtower.com/mopho. Also, an
advanced version of the editor with more features can be purchased from our
Web site.
Note: Most of the Prophet ’08’s controls map directly to Mopho’s
controls, so if you have a Prophet ’08, you can use it as a MIDI control
surface for Mopho.
When Mopho first powers up, it is in Program mode. The top line of the LCD
shows the Program (1…128) and Bank (1…3) number of the currently selected
program, and the bottom line shows the 16-character name of the program. The
PROGRAM knob changes the program. The program can also be changed by
pressing the increment (+) or decrement (—) switches, respectively. To
increment to the next bank, hold the increment switch briefly; to decrement to
the previous bank, hold the decrement switch.
To edit a program, simply turn any knob. The ASSIGNABLE PARAMETERS knobs
have been preset to useful parameters for the factory programs. To change a
knob’s assignment, press ASSIGN PARAMETERS to light the LED. Turning any of
the ASSIGNABLE PARAMETERS knobs now will scroll through the list of available
parameters. Choose one or more parameters to edit and then press ASSIGN
PARAMETERS again to exit the assignment mode (ASSIGN PARAMETERS LED
should now be off). See Program Parameters on page 15 for a detailed list of all
parameters and their functions. After editing parameters, press the PROGRAM
MODE switch to exit edit mode and return to program mode.
Feedback
As you can see from the illustration on the following page, the left Audio Output
is normalled to the Audio In. (This connection is broken when a plug is inserted
in the Audio In.) Turning up the external input volume (ExtIn Vol parameter)
will cause varying amounts of the audio output to be mixed back in pre-filter.
For most purposes, small amounts of feedback are most useful and the resulting
effect is similar to an overdrive distortion. Higher levels of feedback can get
very squirrelly and rude (which may be exactly the effect you’re looking for).

INPUT GAIN also affects the level of the feedback signal, so you’ll typically want
to start with INPUT GAIN turned down.
Several of the factory programs already have some level of feedback
programmed in, as indicated by the letters “FB” following the name. To hear the
effect of ExtIn Vol and INPUT GAIN, call up one of those programs and vary
those parameters.
Audio In
Audio In can also be used to process an external audio source, to get access to
the analog filter as a sound processor. In general, when using a line-level input,
you will want the INPUT GAIN control set to minimum. When using a low-level
source, such as an electric guitar, you’ll need to turn up the INPUT GAIN to get
sufficient signal level.
When processing external audio, you will first need to turn up the ExtIn Vol
level in the Mixer. Otherwise no signal gets to the filter. Also note that the VCA
needs to be open to hear the input. This can be done a number of ways:
1.

Just turn up the VCA Level if you want the signal to go through
continuously

Manually trigger the VCA envelope with the PUSH IT button or a MIDI
keyboard

Select AudioIn as the mode in the PushItSw parameter, which
automatically gates the VCA envelope with an input signal greater than
a fixed threshold

There are also numerous other ways of opening the VCA using modulation.
Saving a Program
To save a Program, press the WRITE switch and the following screen appears:
Write? P:xxx B:x
Hit: Inc if Yes

Press the increment (+) switch to save the current program, or decrement (-) to
cancel (or press the WRITE switch again). To store in a different location, use
PROGRAM to select a new destination, and hold the increment or decrement
switch to choose a different bank.

Global Parameters
Mopho’s Global parameters affect all programs globally. Examples include
MIDI channel and fine tune. To edit the Global parameters, hold down the
PROGRAM MODE switch until Global Parameter is displayed. The PROGRAM
knob changes the global parameter and the increment and decrement buttons
change the value.
Transpose: -12…+12 — Master Transpose control, 0 is centered. Steps in

semitones.
Fine Tune: -50…+50 — Master Fine Tune control; 0 centered. Steps in cents (50

cents = 1/2 semitone).
MIDI Channel: ALL, 1…16 — Selects which MIDI channel to send and receive

data, 1 to 16. All receives on all 16 channels.
Clock: see table — Selects the MIDI clock status.
Display
Internal

MIDI Clock Setting
MIDI clock is neither sent nor received

MIDI Out

MIDI clock is sent

MIDI In
MidiIn/Out

MIDI clock is received
MIDI clock is received and transmitted

Note: NRPNs are the preferred method of parameter transmission, since
they cover the complete range of all parameters, while CCs only handle
the main parameters.
MIDI Parameter Receive: All, NRPN, CC, Off — Sets the method by which
Mopho receives parameter changes via MIDI. As with transmission, NRPNs are
the preferred method, though some controllers may only be able to send CCs.
MIDI Control: Off, On — When On, the synth will respond to MIDI controllers,

including Pitch Wheel, Mod Wheel, Pedal, Breath, Volume, and Expression.
MIDI SysEx: Off, On — When On, the synth will respond to received MIDI

SysEx messages, and will transmit them, when prompted, to the MIDI Out. See
Sysex Messages on page 41 for details.
13

Audio Out: Stereo, Mono — Mopho defaults to stereo operation. When set to

Mono, this parameter defeats all pan settings and modulation, effectively
making each of the outputs a mono output.
MIDI Out Select: Out, Thru — MIDI Out can be switched to MIDI Thru to

daisychain multiple MIDI devices.
Basic Patch — Press the WRITE button to load a basic patch into the edit buffer.
(The patch will not actually be written to the current program location unless
intentionally written to memory in program mode using the WRITE button.)
Reset Globals — Mopho does not have a full hardware reset, but select this
parameter and press WRITE to reset the global parameters to their factory
defaults.
MIDI SysEx Dump: see table — Allows dumping of Programs in SysEx format

via MIDI.
Display
Current Program
Current Bank
All Banks

MIDI Transmit Operation
Dump current program
Dump all 128 programs in current bank
Dump all programs in all 3 banks

Press the WRITE switch to start transmission. This feature is handy for saving
Programs on a computer in SysEx format, or for sending them to another Mopho
via a direct MIDI connection. The dumps include Program and Bank numbers,
so when received, the programs will be stored in the same location.

Program Parameters
All Program parameters can be edited using any of ASSIGNABLE PARAMETERS
controls. To assign a parameter to a control, press the ASSIGN PARAMETERS
button to light the LED, and then turn any of the knobs (1 through 4) to select a
parameter. A full list of the parameters can be found on page 29. The selected
parameter and value appear in the LCD display. The top line of the LCD
displays the programmed value for reference; the bottom line displays the edited
value.
To then change the value of the parameter you selected, hit the ASSIGN
PARAMETERS button again, and the same knob will now change the value. You
can also use the increment and decrement switches to adjust parameter values.
Press both switches at the same time to set the parameter to zero.
Note: Once you are done editing a program, before you save it, you
should consider what parameters you want to access when playing the
new program. Generally, when making a program, we try to assign each
of the 4 knobs to a different parameter that makes sense for that
particular program, providing extra live control.
Though it is certainly possible to perform detailed program generation and
editing using these controls, it is usually much faster to use the free editor
available for Mac OS or Windows. The minimal front panel of the Mopho is
designed for fast, real-time changes in live performance.
Following are descriptions of each Mopho Program parameter.

Oscillator Parameters
Mopho has two analog oscillators. The basic controls for each oscillator are the
same.
Note: There are additional modulation controls that can affect the pitch
of Oscillators 1 and 2. These are covered in other sections of the
Parameter definitions.
Osc Freq: C 0…C 10 — Sets the base oscillator frequency over a 10 octave

range, from 8 Hz to 8KHz, stepping in semitones. C3 is middle C, the first
octave is 0 (C0, C#0, etc.), the second octave is 1 (C1, C#1, etc.), and so on.
Fine Freq: -50…+50 — Fine Tune control; 0 centered. Steps in cents (50 cents =

1/2 semitone).
Shape: see table — Selects the oscillator waveshape as follows:

Display
Osc Off

Waveshape
No output

Sawtooth

Triangle

Saw-Tri

Sawtooth — Triangle mix

Pulse xx

Pulse Wave, with pulse width ranging from minimum
(0) to maximum (99). The pulse width will turn off at the
two extremes — this allows some interesting
modulation possibilities. A square wave will be at Pulse
50.

Glide: 0…127 — Sets the oscillator glide (portamento) rate. Glide can be set

independently for each oscillator. Low values are faster.
Note: See “Glide Mode” in Miscellaneous Oscillator Parameters on
page 22 for additional Glide settings.
Keyboard: On, Off — Turns keyboard tracking for the oscillator on and off.
Sub Osc 1: 1...127 — Sub-oscillator 1 generates a square wave pitched one

octave below oscillator 1. This parameter controls the level.
Sub Osc 2: 1...127 — Sub-oscillator 2 generates a square wave pitched two

octaves below oscillator 2. This parameter controls the level.

Miscellaneous Oscillator Parameters
Sync 2-> 1: Off, On — Turns oscillator hard sync on. With sync on, whenever
oscillator 2 resets, it will force oscillator 1 to reset for the classic hard sync
sound.
Glide Mode: see table — Sets the way the oscillators respond to Glide settings.
Display
FixRate

FixRate A

FixTime
FixTime A

Glide mode
The Glide rate is fixed. The time to
transition from one note to another varies
depending upon the interval between the
notes.
The same, but Glide is only applied when
played legato; that is, when a new note is
hit while another note is still held.
The Glide time is fixed. The time to
transition from one note to another is the
same, regardless of the interval.
The same, but Glide only is applied when
played legato; that is, when a new note is
hit while another note is still held.

Osc Slop: 0…5 — The amount of random oscillator frequency slop. The analog

oscillators in Mopho are very accurate, and will not drift. This works great for
accurate sounds, and allows precise de-tuning. The Oscillator Slop parameter
allows subtle amounts of frequency drift. For larger amounts, use a random LFO
or white noise mod.
Pitch Wheel Range: 0…12 — Sets the bend range, in semitones, of the pitch

wheel. The setting is the range in the positive or negative direction. For
example, a setting of 7 lets you bend a note up or down by a fifth.
Key Assign: see table — Determines how Mopho responds to keyed notes.
Display
Low Note
LowRetrig
HighNote
HighRetrg
LastNote
LastRetrg

Key mode
Low note priority
Low note priority, re-trigger envelopes
High note priority
High note priority, re-trigger envelopes
Last note hit priority
Last note hit priority, re-trigger envelopes

Mixer Parameters
Osc Mix: 0...127 — Enables the outputs of Oscillators 1 and 2 to be mixed in

varying amounts. A setting of 0 is equivalent to 100% Oscillator 1 and 0%
Oscillator 2. A setting of 127 is just the opposite. A setting of 64 is essentially a
50-50 mix of both oscillators.
Noise Level: 0…127 — Controls the volume of white noise mixed into the

filter.
Ext In Volume: 0...127 — Controls the level of external audio input mixed into

the filter. This is used for processing other audio sources (guitars, recordings,
etc.) through Mopho’s analog electronics. This works in conjunction with the
front panel’s INPUT GAIN control.
Also, since the left channel of AUDIO OUT is normalled to AUDIO IN, this control
sets the amount of Mopho’s audio output returned to the audio input. Use this
for crazy feedback sounds.

Low-pass Filter Parameters
Mopho utilizes a switchable, 2- or 4-pole analog low-pass filter coupled with a
4-stage (plus delay) ADSR envelope generator.
Frequency: 0…164 — Sets the base filter cutoff frequency over more than 13

octaves. This control steps in semitones.
17

Resonance: 0…127 — Sets the Resonance level of the filter. At high settings

the filter will self-oscillate in 4-pole mode. If the filter does not oscillate, switch
to 4-pole mode.
Keyboard Amount: 0…127 — Sets the amount of keyboard (MIDI note) to the

filter cutoff. A setting of 64 will step the filter one semitone for each note, 32
would be half-semitones, and so on.
Audio Mod: 0...127 — Controls the amount of audio from Oscillator 1 used to

modulate the filter cutoff frequency. For filter-only audio, set OSCILLATOR MIX
to 127, OSCILLATOR 2 SHAPE to Off, and OSCILLATOR 1 SHAPE to the desired
waveshape. This is useful for bell-like FM sounds. A wide range of sounds can
also be made using AUDIO MOD with the oscillators routed normally through the
filter.
Config: 2 Pole, 4 Pole — Selects either 2- or 4-pole operation for the filter.
Envelope Amount: -127…+127 — Sets the amount of filter envelope routed to

the cutoff frequency. This can be positive or negative, allowing inverted
envelope control of the filter.
Envelope Velocity: 0…127 — Amount of key velocity controlling the level of

the filter envelope.
Delay: 0...127 — Sets a delay between the time the filter envelope is triggered

and when the Attack portion actually begins.
Attack: 0…127 — Sets the Attack time of the filter ADSR envelope generator.
Decay: 0…127 — Sets the Decay time.
Sustain: 0…127 — Sets the Sustain level.
Release: 0…127 — Sets the Release time.

VCA Parameters
VCA Level: 0…127 — Sets a base level for the VCA (Voltage Controlled

Amplifier). This allows the VCA to be essentially bypassed, which is necessary
for Programs that drone.
Note: If VCA LEVEL is on full, Envelope Amount has no effect. You
normally want VCA LEVEL set to zero. For droning sounds, or using the
Mopho to process external audio, you will probably turn the VCA Level
up.

Env Amount: 0…127 — Sets the amount of VCA envelope to the VCA level.
Env Velocity: 0…127 — Sets the amount of keyboard velocity controlling the

level of the VCA envelope.
Delay: 0...127 — Sets a delay between the time the amplifier envelope is

triggered and when the Attack portion actually begins.
Attack: 0…127 — Sets the Attack time of the VCA ADSR envelope generator.
Decay: 0…127 — Sets the Decay time.
Sustain: 0…127 — Sets the Sustain level.
Release: 0…127 — Sets the Release time.
Program Volume: 0…127 — Sets the volume of the current program to match

volumes between programs.
Note: There is enough gain in the synth voice that with some settings,

some mild clipping distortion may be heard. If this happens, try lowering
the VOICE VOLUME, and/or the VCA ENVELOPE AMOUNT (or VCA
VELOCITY AMOUNT).

LFO Parameters
Mopho has four Low Frequency Oscillators (LFOs). The same parameters are
available for each.
Frequency: 0…150, sync — Sets the LFO frequency. Range 0—150 for un-

synced LFO; speed ranges from slow (30 seconds) to very fast — at 90 (8 HZ,
C-2) and above the speed steps in semitones, up to 150 (261 Hz, middle C).
Note: Some of the analog functions may not respond well to the fastest
LFO speeds, due to speed limitations of the control voltages; but they
will certainly generate some interesting sounds.
Above 150, the sync speeds are as follows:
Display
32 Steps
16 Steps

Timing Sync
Sequence speed divided by 32; i.e. one LFO cycle
takes 32 steps
Sequence speed divided by 16

8 Steps

Sequence speed divided by 8

6 Steps

Sequence speed divided by 6

4 Steps

Sequence speed divided by 4
19

3 Steps

Sequence speed divided by 3

2 Steps

Sequence speed divided by 2

1.5 Step
1 Step

Sequence speed divided by 1.5
One cycle per step

2/3 Step

Two cycles every three steps

1/2 Step

Two cycles per step

1/3 Step

One cycles every three steps

1/4 Step

Four cycles per step

1/6 Step

Six cycles per step

1/8 Step

Eight cycles per step

1/16Step

Sixteen cycles per step

Shape: see table — Selects the LFO waveshape:
Display
Triangle
Rev Saw
Sawtooth

LFO Shape
Triangle
Reverse Sawtooth
Sawtooth

Square

Square Wave

Random

Random — changes once per cycle for
sample-and-hold effects

Amount: 0…100 — Sets the amount of LFO routed to the destination.
Key Sync: Off, On — When on, the LFO is re-started each time a new note is

played. Key Sync is set independently on each LFO.
Destination — See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible

destinations.

Envelope 3 Parameters
Envelope 3 is an auxiliary envelope for modulating various destinations. It can
even be used as a sort of LFO using the Repeat parameter, which is unique to
Envelope 3.
Destination — Sets the Envelope 3 destination. See Modulation Destinations
on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.
Amount: -127…+127 — Sets the amount of Envelope 3.
Env Velocity: 0…127 — Sets the amount of key velocity controlling the level of

envelope 3.

Env Delay: 0…127 — Sets a delay between the time Envelope 3 is triggered and

when the Attack portion actually begins.
Env Attack: 0…127 — Sets the Attack time of Envelope 3.
Env Decay: 0…127 — Sets the Decay time.
Env Sustain: 0…127 — Sets the Sustain level.
Env Release: 0…127 — Sets the Release time.
Repeat: Off, On — When on, causes the decay, attack, and release portions of

Envelope 3 to loop for as long as the envelope is gated on.

Modulation Parameters
The Modulation Parameters let you configure the modulation routing and
amount for Mopho’s four general-purpose modulation slots as well as for MIDI
controllers (Mod Wheel, Key Pressure, Breath Control, Velocity, and Foot
Controller).
Since each Mopho mod source has a single destination, the four general purpose
Mods provide a way to send a mod source (such as a sequence or LFO) to
additional destinations, with a different amount. There are also additional mod
sources available here, such as Noise, allowing a wide variety of possibilities.
To configure a general-purpose modulation slot, select the appropriate
modulator (Mod 1, Mod 2, Mod 3, or Mod 4), and use the Source, Destination,
and Amount parameters to route the modulation as desired.
To configure modulation for a standard MIDI controller, select the desired
controller and amount, and then set the destination.
Source — Selects a modulation source. See Modulation Sources on page 28 for

possible sources.
Amount: -127…+127 — Sets the amount of modulation.
Destination — Selects a modulation destination. See Modulation Destinations
on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.
Mod Wheel Amount: -127…+127 — Sets the maximum amount of modulation

that can be applied from MIDI Continuous Controller 1 (mod wheel).

Mod Wheel Destination — Selects the destination to which the mod wheel is

routed. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible
destinations.
Press Amount: -127…+127 — Sets the maximum amount of modulation that
can be applied from MIDI Channel Pressure (aftertouch).
Press Destination — Selects the destination to which the Channel Pressure is

routed. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible
destinations.
Breath Amount: -127…+127 — Sets the maximum amount of modulation that
can be applied from MIDI Continuous Controller 2 (breath controller).
Breath Destination — Selects the destination to which the breath control is

routed. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible
destinations.
Veloc Amount: -127…+127 — Sets the maximum amount of modulation that

can be applied from MIDI note-on velocity.
Veloc Destination — Selects the destination to which the note-on velocity is

routed. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible
destinations.
Foot Amount: -127…+127 — Sets the maximum amount of modulation that can
be applied from MIDI Continuous Controller 4 (foot controller).
Foot Destination — Selects the destination to which the foot control is routed.

See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.

Push It Switch Parameters
These parameters determine the behavior of the PUSH IT switch, Mopho’s
manual trigger.
Note: C0…C10 — Sets the note that plays when PUSH IT is pressed.
Velocity: 0…127 — Sets the MIDI note-on velocity.
Mode: Normal, Toggle, Audio In — When set to Normal, PUSH IT responds like a
key: press it and a note plays, release it and the note ends. But when set to
Toggle, PUSH IT turns the note on with one press and off with a second press.
This is handy for making a note drone or for latching a gated sequence on.

Somewhat realated, the Audio In setting will generate a gate from the Audio
Input. When the signal gets above a certain level, the gate will go on. When it
drops below that level, the gate will go off.

Clock Parameters
The sequencer and arpeggiator share the BPM and CLOCK DIVIDE settings.
BPM: 30…250 — Sets the programmed tempo for the sequencer in BPM (beats

per minute).
Clock Divide: see table — Sets the note value for each sequence step relative to

the BPM.
Display
Half

Tempo
BPM/2

Timing Division
Half note

Quartr

BPM

Quarter note

Eighth

BPM x 2

Eighth note

8 half

BPM x 2

Eighth note, half swing timing

8swing

BPM x 2

Eighth note, full swing timing

8 trip

BPM x 3

Eighth note triplets

16th

BPM x 4

Sixteenth note

16half

BPM x 4

Sixteenth note, half swing timing

16swng

BPM x 4

Sixteenth note, full swing timing

16trip

BPM x 6

Sixteenth note triplets

32nd

BPM x 8

Thirty-second note

32trip

BPM x 12

Thirty-second note triplets

64trip

BPM x 24

Sixty-fourth note triplets

Arpeggiator Parameters
Mopho’s arpeggiator has four different operating modes and can be synced to a
MIDI clock source.
Note: If the arpeggiator does not seem to be working, check the GLOBAL
parameters to make sure Clock is set to Internal. If Clock is set to use an
external clock source, Mopho must be receiving MIDI clock messages in
order for the arpeggiator to run.
The tempo and note value are determined by the Clock Parameters.
Mode: see table — Sets the order in which the arpeggiator plays notes.

Display
Up
Down
Up Down
Assign

Arpeggiator mode
Arpeggiated notes play in ascending
order.
Arpeggiated notes play in descending
order.
Arpeggiated notes play in alternately
ascending and descending order.
Arpeggiated notes play in the order in
which they were struck.

On/Off: Off, On — Turns the arpeggiator on and off. Turning it on will turn off

the Sequencer if it is on.

Sequence Parameters
Mopho features a 4 x 16 “analog-style” step sequencer that can generate four
separate sequence tracks of up to 16 steps each. Individual sequencer tracks can
be routed to any standard modulation destination (see the table on page 26).
Using VCA Envelope as a destination, for example, varies the volume of each
step; a destination of Filter or Filter Envelope Amount will produce different
filter settings per step. Typically, however, at least one sequence is routed to an
oscillator to control pitch.
The sequencer is a “gated” sequencer. That is, a note must be played, either
from the PUSH IT switch or via MIDI, in order for the sequence to be heard and
it will continue to play as long as the note is held (gated) .
Note: The PUSH IT switch’s Toggle parameter enables notes (and,
therefore, sequences) to be latched on for sustained playback.
The Clock Parameters determine the note value/tempo of the sequencer. The
actual gate duration for each step is fixed at half the step time. Use the envelopes
to generate notes of longer or shorter duration.
One very useful way to modulate a parameter in sync with a sequence is using
LFOs with sync; LFO frequency runs from 0 to 150, after which you can select
the sync settings. A setting of 16 Steps for LFO Frequency with a Triangle wave
selected and routed to the filter will provide a clean filter sweep over a 16 step
sequence, perfectly in sync! This is much easier (and smoother) than
programming a filter sweep using sequence steps.
Note: If the sequencer does not seem to be working, check the GLOBAL
settings to make sure Clock is set to Internal. If Clock is set to use an
external clock source, Mopho must be receiving MIDI clock messages in
order for the sequencer to run.

Seq Trigger: see table — Sets the triggering mode for the Gated Sequencer.
Display
Normal

No Reset
No Gate
NoGateNR
Key Step
Audio In

Trigger mode
Sequence plays from the first step when a
key is held, and resets to step 1 each time
a new note is played. Each sequence step
retriggers the envelopes.
The same, but does not reset to step 1 on
every note.
The keyboard triggers the envelopes; the
sequence steps do not.
Same, but does not reset with subsequent
notes.
Striking a key advances the sequencer
one step.
Steps the sequencer whenever the
external audio input gets over a certain
level.

On/Off: Off, On — Turns the sequencer on and off.
Seq 1, 2, 3, or 4 Destinations — Sets the destination for each of the four

sequence tracks. For a complete list, see Modulation Destinations on page 26.
Seq 1, 2, 3, or 4 Steps: C0…D5+ or 0…125, Reset, Rest — Sets each step value

for each of the four sequence tracks. The values are displayed as both relative
note values and as simple numerical values. Note values are displayed in quarter
tones with a plus sign (+) indicating that the pitch is a quarter tone higher than
the displayed note number. The two highest values are Reset and Rest. Reset
causes the sequence to reset to the first step, enabling sequences of fewer than
16 steps or even sequences in which the tracks are different lengths. Rest inserts
a rest on the selected step.

Name Parameter
Edit Name — The lower LCD line displays the name of the Program with the

active character blinking. When ASSIGN PARAMETERS is lit, the parameter
control changes the position of the active character. When ASSIGN PARAMETERS
is not lit, the parameter control steps through all the available characters for the
active character. The increment and decrement buttons also change the
character.

Modulation Destinations
Display
Off

Destination
No destination selected

Osc 1 Freq

Oscillator 1 Frequency

Osc 2 Freq

Oscillator 2 Frequency

OscAllFreq

Oscillator 1 and 2 Frequency

Osc Mix
NoiseLevel

Noise Level

Osc1 PulsW

Oscillator 1 Pulse Width

Osc2 PulsW

Oscillator 2 Pulse Width

Osc All PW

All Oscillators Pulse Width

Low Pass

Lowpass Filter Frequency

Resonance

Audio Mod

Audio Mod Amount

UCA Level

VCA Amount

LFO 1 Freq

LFO 1 Frequency

LFO 2 Freq

LFO 2 Frequency

LFO 3 Freq

LFO 3 Frequency

LFO 4 Freq

LFO 4 Frequency

LFOAllFreq

All LFO Frequencies

LFO 1 Amt

LFO 1 Amount

LFO 2 Amt

LFO 2 Amount

LFO 3 Amt

LFO 3 Amount

LFO 4 Amt

LFO 4 Amount

LFOAll Amt

Oscillator Mix

All LFO Amounts

Env 1 Amt

Envelope 1 Amount (Level)

Env 2 Amt

Envelope 2 Amount (Level)

Env 3 Amt

Envelope 3 Amount (Level)

EnvAll Amt

All Envelope Amounts (Levels)

Env1Attack

Envelope 1 Attack Rate

Env2Attack

Envelope 2 Attack Rate

Env3Attack

Envelope 3 Attack Rate

EnvAll Att

All Envelope Attack Rates

Env1 Decay

Envelope 1 Decay Rate

Env2 Decay

Envelope 2 Decay Rate

Env3 Decay

Envelope 3 Decay Rate

EnvAll Dec

All Envelope Decay Rates

Env1Releas

Envelope 1 Release Rate

Env2Releas

Envelope 2 Release Rate

Env3Releas

Envelope 3 Release Rate

EnvAll Rel

All Envelope Release Rates

Mod 1 Amt

Modulator 1 Amount

Mod 2 Amt

Modulator 2 Amount

Mod 3 Amt

Modulator 3 Amount

Mod 4 Amt

Modulator 4 Amount

AudioInVol

Mixer Audio In Volume

Sub Osc 1

Sub Oscillator 1 Level

Sub Osc 2

Sub Oscillator 2 Level

Modulation Sources
Display
Off

Source
No source selected

Sequence1

Sequence 1

Sequence2

Sequence 2

Sequence3

Sequence 3

Sequence4

Sequence 4

LFO 1

LFO 2

LFO 3

LFO 4

Filt Env1

Filter Envelope

VCA Env 2

Amp (VCA) Envelope

Envelope3

Envelope 3

PitchBend

Pitch Bend

Mod Wheel

Pressure

Pressure (Aftertouch)

MidBreath

MIDI — Breath Controller

Midi Foot

MIDI — Foot Controller

Midi Exp

MIDI — Expression

Velocity

Keyboard Note Velocity

KeyNumber

Keyboard Note Number

Noise

EnvFollow

Audio In Envelope Follower

Peak Hold

Audio In Peak Hold

Parameter List
Osc 1 Frequency
Osc 1 Fine Freq
Oscillator 1 Shape
Oscillator 1 Glide
Osc 1 Key Track
Sub Osc 1 Level
Osc 2 Frequency
Osc 2 Fine Freq
Oscillator 2 Shape
Oscillator 2 Glide
Osc 2 Key Track
Sub Osc 2 Level
Osc Hard Sync
Oscillator Mix
Noise Level
Ext In Volume
Glide Mode
Oscillator Slop
Pitch Wheel Range
Key Assign
Filter Audio Mod
Filter Mode
Filter Env Amount
Filter Env Velocity
Filter Env Delay
Filter Env Attack
Filter Env Decay
Filter Env Sustain
Filter Env Release
VCA Env Amount
VCA Env Velocity
VCA Env Delay
VCA Env Attack
VCA Env Decay
VCA Env Sustain
VCA Env Release

Program Volume
LFO 1 Frequency
LFO 1 Shape
LFO 1 Amount
LFO 1 Destination
LFO 1 Key Sync
LFO 2 Frequency
LFO 2 Shape
LFO 2 Amount
LFO 2 Destination
LFO 2 Key Sync
LFO 3 Frequency
LFO 3 Shape
LFO 3 Amount
LFO 3 Destination
LFO 3 Key Sync
LFO 4 Frequency
LFO 4 Shape
LFO 4 Amount
LFO 4 Destination
LFO 4 Key Sync
Env 3 Desination
Envelope 3 Amount
Envelope 3 Velocity
Envelope 3 Delay
Envelope 3 Attack
Envelope 3 Decay
Envelope 3 Sustain
Envelope 3 Sustain
Envelope 3 Repeat
Mod 1 Source
Mod 1 Amount
Mod 1 Destination
Mod 2 Source
Mod 2 Amount
Mod 2 Destination

Mod 3 Source
Mod 3 Amount
Mod 3 Destination
Mod 4 Source
Mod 4 Amount
Mod 4 Destination
Mod Wheel Amount
Mod Wheel Dest
Pressure Amount
Pressure Destination
Breath Amount
Breath Destination
Velocity Amount
Velocity Destination
Foot Control Amt
Foot Control Dest
Push It Note
Push It Velocity
Push It Mode
Clock BPM
Clock Divide
Arpeggiator Mode
Arpeggiator On/Off
Sequence Trigger
Sequencer On/Off
Seq 1 Destination
Seq 2 Destination
Seq 3 Destination
Seq 4 Destination
Seq 1 Steps 1 - 16
Seq 2 Steps 1 - 16
Seq 3 Steps 1 - 16
Seq 4 Steps 1 - 16
Edit Name

MIDI Implementation
Mopho receives MIDI data according to the mode controls under GLOBAL. In
addition, there is interaction between some of the Program parameters that
determine the overall response of Mopho to MIDI data.
Following are the Global parameters that affect response to MIDI:
MIDI Channel: ALL, 1…16 — Selects the MIDI channel to send and receive

data, 1 to 16. All receives on any channel.
Clock: see table — Selects the MIDI clock status as follows:
Display
Internal

MIDI Clock Setting
MIDI clock is neither sent nor received

MIDI Out

MIDI clock is sent

MIDI In
MIDIn/Out

MIDI clock is received
MIDI clock is received and transmitted

MIDI Parameter Send: NRPN, CC, Off — Changes to the values of Mopho’s
front panel controls are transmitted via MIDI as Non-registered Parameter
Number (NRPN) controllers or as Continuous Controllers (CC). Transmission of
parameters can also be turned off.
MIDI Parameter Receive: All, NRPN, CC, Off — Sets the method by which
Mopho receives parameter changes via MIDI. As with transmission, NRPNs are
the preferred method, though some controllers may only be able to send CCs.
MIDI Control: Off, On — When On, the synth will respond to MIDI controllers,

including Pitch Wheel, Mod Wheel, Pedal, Breath, Volume, and Expression.
MIDI SysEx: Off, On — When On, the synth will respond to received MIDI

SysEx messages, and will transmit them, when prompted, to the MIDI Out.

MIDI Messages
System Real-time Messages
Status
1111 1000

Description
MIDI Timing Clock

Received Channel Messages
Status
1000 nnnn
1001 nnnn
1010 nnnn
1011 nnnn

Second
0kkkkkkk
0kkkkkkk
0kkkkkkk
0vvvvvvv

1100 nnnn

0ppppppp

1101 nnnn
1110 nnnn

0vvvvvvv
0vvvvvvv

Notes:

0kkkkkkk
nnnn

Third
0vvvvvvv
0vvvvvvv
0vvvvvvv
0vvvvvvv

0vvvvvvv

Description
Note Off. Velocity is ignored
Note On. Note off if vvvvvvv = 0
Polyphonic Key Pressure
Control Change; see “Received Controller
Messages” table following
Program change, 0 — 127 for Programs 1 —
128 within current Bank
Channel Pressure
Pitch Bend LS Byte then MS Byte

Note number 0 — 127
Channel number 0 to 15 (MIDI channel 1-16). Ignored if MIDI
channel set to ALL
Value

0vvvvvvv

Received Controller Messages
Status
1011 nnnn
1011 nnnn
1011 nnnn
1011 nnnn

Second
1
2
4
7

Third
0vvvvvvv
0vvvvvvv
0vvvvvvv
0vvvvvvv

1011 nnnn

0vvvvvvv

1011 nnnn

0vvvvvvv

1011 nnnn

0vvvvvvv

1011 nnnn

0vvvvvvv

1011 nnnn
1011 nnnn

123
121

0vvvvvvv
0vvvvvvv

Description
Mod Wheel — directly assignable controller
Breath Controller — directly assignable controller
Foot Controller — directly assignable controller
Volume — Combined with Master Volume and
Voice Volume
Brightness — Added to lowpass filter cutoff
frequency
Expression Controller — directly assignable
controller
Bank Select — 0 -2 select banks 1 - 3; others
ignored
Damper pedal — holds envelopes in Sustain if
0100 0000 or higher
All Notes Off — clear all MIDI notes
Reset All Controllers — clears all MIDI
controllers to 0, MIDI volume to maximum

See sections below for additional Continuous Controller (CC) and Nonregistered Parameter Number (NRPN) messages received.
Transmitted Channel Messages
Status
1100 nnnn

Second
0ppppppp

Third

Description
Program change, 0 — 127 for Programs 1 —
128 within current Bank

Transmitted Controller Messages
Status
1011 nnnn
1011 nnnn

Second
0000 0111
0010 0000

Third
0vvvvvvv
0vvvvvvv

Description
Volume knob
Bank Select — 0 to 2

See sections below for additional Continuous Controller (CC) and Nonregistered Parameter Number (NRPN) messages transmitted.
Additional Continuous Controllers
(CCs) Transmitted/Received

The following table details how CCs are mapped onto Mopho’s controls. They
are transmitted when MIDI Parameter Send is set to CC in Global, and
recognized when received when MIDI Parameter Receive is set to either CC or
All in Global.
Parameter

CC#

Parameter
VCA Level

CC#
113

Osc 1 Frequency

Osc 1 Freq Fine

Amp Env Amt
Amp Velocity Amt

115
116

Osc 1 Shape

Glide 1

Amp Delay
Amp Attack

117
118

Osc 2 Frequency

Osc 2 Freq Fine

Amp Decay
Amp Sustain

119
75

Osc 2 Shape

Glide 2

Amp Release

Osc Mix

Noise Level

Env 3 Destination
Env 3 Amt

85
86

Filter Frequency

102

Env 3 Velocity Amt
Env 3 Delay

87
88

Resonance

103

Filter Key Amt

104

Env 3 Attack
Env 3 Decay

89
90

Filter Audio Mod

105

Filter Env Amt

106

Env 3 Sustain
Env 3 Release

77
78

Filter Env Vel Amt

107

Filter Delay

108

BPM

Filter Attack

109

Clock Divide

Filter Decay

110

Filter Sustain

111

Filter Release

112

NRPN Messages
The Non-Registered Parameter Number (NRPN) MIDI messages are used to
transmit and receive both global and program parameters. They are transmitted
when MIDI Parameter Send is set to NRPN in Global, and received when MIDI
Parameter Receive is set to either NRPN or All in Global.
The messages are handled in standard MIDI format using the NRPN CC
commands in running status byte format. Below is the format used for
transmitting a NRPN parameter:
Transmitted NRPN Messages

Status

Description

1011 nnnn

Control Change

0110 0011

NRPN parameter number MSB CC

0vvv vvvv

Parameter Number MSB

0110 0010

NRPN parameter number LSB CC

0vvv vvvv

Parameter Number LSB

0000 0110

NRPN parameter value MSB CC

0vvv vvvv

Parameter value MSB

0010 0110

NRPN parameter value LSB CC

0vvv vvvv

Parameter value LSB

The parameter number can be found in the two tables below, one for Global
parameters, and the other for Program parameters. The parameter numbers and
the parameter values are broken into two 7-bit bytes for MIDI transmission; the
LSB has the seven least-significant bits, and the MSB has the seven mostsignificant bits, though in most cases the MSB will be zero or one, and never
more than two.
When receiving an NRPN, all messages do not necessarily need to be
transmitted, since the synth will track the most recent NRPN number, though it
is usually good practice to send the entire message above.
Once an NRPN is selected, the synth will also respond to NRPN Data Increment
and Decrement commands, which some controllers utilize. Finally, it responds
to one RPN (Registered Parameter Number) command, the RPN/NRPN Reset
command, which can be handy for resetting the currently selected parameter to a
known state.

Received NRPN Messages

Status

Second

Third

Description

1011 nnnn

0110 0011

0vvvvvvv

NRPN parameter number MSB CC

1011 nnnn

0110 0010

0vvvvvvv

NRPN parameter number LSB CC

1011 nnnn

0000 0110

0vvvvvvv

NRPN parameter value MSB CC

1011 nnnn

0010 0110

0vvvvvvv

NRPN parameter value LSB CC

1011 nnnn

0110 0000

0xxxxxxx

NRPN parameter value Increment

1011 nnnn

0110 0001

0xxxxxxx

NRPN parameter value Decrement

1011 nnnn

0010 0101

0111111

RPN parameter number MSB CC — Reset
NRPN parameter number (when both MSB and
LSB received)

1011 nnnn

0010 0100

0111111

RPN parameter number LSB CC — Reset
NRPN parameter number (when both MSB and
LSB received)

Global Parameter Data
The following table shows the Global data that is sent and received on global
parameter dumps, and the corresponding NRPN number when sent/received
individually.
Param

NRP
N

Range

Description

384

0 -24

Master Transpose; 0 = -12 semitones (1 octave), 12
= 0 (no transpose), and 24 = +12 semitones.

385

0- 100

Master Fine Tune; 0 = -50 cents, 50 = 0 (centered),
100 = + 50 cents

386

0 - 16

MIDI Channel; if = 0, data received on all MIDI
channels. Otherwise = channel number 1 — 16.

388

0-3

MIDI clock select
0 Use Internal clock, don’t send MIDI clock
1 Use Internal clock, send MIDI clock
2 Use MIDI clock In
3 Use MIDI clock In, and retransmit MIDI clock out

390

0-2

Parameter Send:
0 NRPN
1 CC
2 Off

391

0-3

Parameter Receive:
0 All
1 NRPN only
2 CC only
3 Off

394

0-1

MIDI Controller Send/Receive Off/On

395

0-1

MIDI Sysex Send/Receive Off/On

405

0-5

Audio Out:
0 Stereo
1 Mono

406

0-1

MIDI Out Select:
0 MIDI Out
1 MIDI Thru

Program Parameter Data
The following table lists Mopho’s voice parameters. The parameter number in
the program and edit buffer dumps are different than the NRPN numbers as
seen; this was to maintain NRPN compatibility with the Prophet ’08 as much as
possible.
Param
0

NRPN
0

Range
0 - 120

0 - 100

0-103

3
4
5
6

3
4
114
5

0 - 127
0-1
0-127
0 - 120

0 - 100

0-103

9
10
11
12
13

8
9
115
10
11

0 - 127
0-1
0 - 127
0-1
0-3

14
15

12
93

0-5
0 - 12

Description
Oscillator 1 Frequency, 0 — 120 in semitones (10
octave range)
Oscillator 1 Fine Tune; 0 = -50 cents, 50 = 0
(centered), 100 = + 50 cents
Oscillator 1 Shape
0
Oscillator Off
1
Sawtooth
2
Triangle
3
Sawtooth/triangle mix
4 — 103 Pulse Wave, Pulse width 0 — 99
Oscillator 1 Glide
Oscillator 1 Keyboard Off/On
Sub Oscillator 1 Level
Oscillator 2 Frequency, 0 — 120 in semitones (10
octave range)
Oscillator 2 Fine Tune; 0 = -50 cents, 50 = 0
(centered), 100 = + 50 cents
Oscillator 2 Shape
0
Oscillator Off
Sawtooth
Triangle
Sawtooth/triangle mix
4 — 103 Pulse Wave, Pulse width 0 — 99
Oscillator 2 Glide
Oscillator 2 Keyboard Off/On
Sub Oscillator 2 Level
Sync off/on
Glide Mode:
0
fixed rate
1
fixed rate auto
2
fixed time
3
fixed time auto
Oscillator Slop
Pitch Bend Range

0-5

Key Assign Mode:
Low note priority
Low note priority with re-trigger
High note priority
High note priority with re-trigger
Last note hit priority
Last note hit priority with re-trigger

17
18
19

13
14
116

0 - 127
0 - 127
0 - 127

Oscillator 1 - 2 Mix
Noise Level
External Audio Input Level

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

0 - 164
0 - 127
0 - 127
0 - 127
0-1
0 - 254
0 - 127
0 - 127
0 - 127
0 - 127
0 - 127
0 - 127

Filter Frequency, steps in semitones
Resonance
Filter Keyboard Amount
Filter Audio Modulation
Filter Poles 0: 2-pole; 1: 4-pole
Filter Envelope Amount; -127 to +127
Filter Envelope Velocity Amount
Filter Envelope Delay
Filter Envelope Attack
Filter Envelope Decay
Filter Envelope Sustain
Filter Envelope Release

32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

27
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
29

0 - 127
0 - 127
0 - 127
0 - 127
0 - 127
0 - 127
0 - 127
0 - 127
0 - 127

VCA Initial Level
VCA Envelope Amount
VCA Envelope Velocity Amount
VCA Envelope Delay
VCA Envelope Attack
VCA Envelope Decay
VCA Envelope Sustain
VCA Envelope Release
Voice Volume

0 - 166

LFO 1 Frequency; 0 — 150 unsynced frequencies
151 Sequence speed divided by 32
152 Sequence speed divided by 16
153 Sequence speed divided by 8
154 Sequence speed divided by 6
155 Sequence speed divided by 4
156 Sequence speed divided by 3
157 Sequence speed divided by 2
158 Sequence speed divided by 1.5
159 One cycle per step
160 Two cycles per three steps
161 Two cycles per step
162 One cycles per three steps
163 Four cycles per step
164 Six cycles per step

0-4

43
44

39
40

0 - 127
0 - 46

45
46
47
48
49

41
42
43
44
45

0-1
0 - 166
0-4
0 - 127
0 - 46

50
51
52
53
54

46
47
48
49
50

0-1
0 - 166
0-4
0 - 127
0 - 46

55
56
57
58
59

51
52
53
54
55

0-1
0 - 166
0-4
0 - 127
0 - 46

0-1

0 - 46

62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69

58
59
60
61
62
63
64
98

0 - 254
0 - 127
0 - 127
0 - 127
0 - 127
0 - 127
0 - 127
0-1

70
71
72

65
66
67

0 - 22
0 - 254
0 - 46

73
74

68
69

0 - 22
0 - 254

165 Eight cycles per step
166 Sixteen cycles per step
LFO 1 Shape
0
Triangle
1
Reverse Sawtooth
2
Sawtooth
3
Pulse (square)
4 Random
LFO 1 Amount
LFO 1 Mod Destination; See Modulation Destination
list below
LFO 1 Key Sync Off/On
LFO 2 Frequency; same as LFO 1
LFO 2 Shape; same as LFO 1
LFO 2 Amount
LFO 2 Mod Destination; See Modulation Destination
list below
LFO 2 Key Sync Off/On
LFO 3 Frequency; same as LFO 1
LFO 3 Shape; same as LFO 1
LFO 3 Amount
LFO 3 Mod Destination; See Modulation Destination
list below
LFO 3 Key Sync Off/On
LFO 4 Frequency; same as LFO 1
LFO 4 Shape; same as LFO 1
LFO 4 Amount
LFO 4 Mod Destination; See Modulation Destination
list below
LFO 4 Key Sync Off/On
Envelope 3 Mod Destination; See Mod Destination
list below
Envelope 3 Amount; -127 to +127
Envelope 3 Velocity Amount
Envelope 3 Delay
Envelope 3 Attack
Envelope 3 Decay
Envelope 3 Sustain
Envelope 3 Release
Envelope 3 Repeat Off/On
Mod 1 Source; See Modulation Source list below
Mod 1 Amount; -127 to +127
Mod 1 Destination; See Modulation Destination list
below
Mod 2 Source; See Modulation Source list below
Mod 2 Amount; -127 to +127

0 - 46

Mod 2 Destination; See Modulation Destination list
below
Mod 3 Source; See Modulation Source list below
Mod3 Amount; -127 to +127
Mod 3 Destination; See Modulation Destination list
below
Mod 4 Source; See Modulation Source list below
Mod 4 Amount; -127 to +127
Mod 4 Destination; See Modulation Destination list
below

76
77
78

71
72
73

0 - 22
0 - 254
0 - 46

79
80
81

74
75
76

0 - 22
0 - 254
0 - 46

82
83

81
82

0 - 254
0 - 43

84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91

83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90

0 - 254
0 - 43
0 - 254
0 - 43
0 - 254
0 - 43
0 - 254
0 - 43

92
93
94

111
112
113

0 - 120
0 - 127
0-1

Push It Switch Note Number
Push It Switch velocity
Push It Switch Mode:
0 Normal
1 Toggle
2 Audio In

95
96

91
92

30 - 250
0 - 12

BPM tempo

Mod Wheel Amount; -127 to +127
Mod Wheel Destination; See ModDestination list
below
Pressure Amount; -127 to +127
Pressure Destination; See ModDestination list below
Breath Amount; -127 to +127
Breath Destination; See ModDestination list below
Velocity Amount; -127 to +127
Velocity Destination; See ModDestination list below
Foot Control Amount; -127 to +127
Foot Control Destination; See ModDestination list
below

Clock Divide:
Half Note
Quarter Note
Eighth Note
Eighth Note half swing
Eighth Note full swing
Eighth Note triplets
Sixteenth Note
Sixteenth Note half swing
Sixteenth Note full swing
Sixteenth Note triplets
Thirty-second Notes
Thirty-second Notes triplets
Sixty-Fourth note triplets

0-3

98
99

100
94

0-1
0-5

100
101

101
77

0-1
0 - 46

102

0 - 46

103

0 - 46

104

0 - 46

105
106
107
108
109—
119
120-135

105
106
107
108

0 - 183
0 - 183
0 - 183
0 - 183

120-135

0 - 127

136-151

0 - 126

152-167

0 - 126

168-183

0 - 126

184-199
200-255

184-199

32 - 127

Arpeggiator Mode:
Up
Down
Up/Down
Assign
Arpeggiator; off/on
Sequencer Trigger:
Normal
Normal, no reset
No gate
No gate/no reset
key step
Audio In
Gated Sequencer; off/on
Sequence 1 Destination; See ModDestination list
below
Sequence 1 Destination; See ModDestination list
below
Sequence 1 Destination; See ModDestination list
below
Sequence 1 Destination; See ModDestination list
below
Assignable Parameter 1
Assignable Parameter 1
Assignable Parameter 1
Assignable Parameter 1
Unused
Sequence Track1, steps 1 — 16
0 to 125: Normal sequence step value
126 Reset
127 Rest
Sequence Track 2, steps 1 — 16
0 to 125: Normal sequence step value
126
Reset
Sequence Track 3, steps 1 — 16
0 to 125: Normal sequence step value
126
Reset
Sequence Track 4, steps 1 — 16
0 to 125: Normal sequence step value
126
Reset
Name charaters 1 — 16, in ASCII format
unused

The following tables list the values used with the program parameters to specify
modulation destinations and sources.
Mod Destinations
Off
Osc 1 Freq
Osc 2 Freq
Osc 1 and 2 Freq
Osc Mix
Noise Level
Osc 1 Pulse Width
Osc 2 Pulse Width
Osc 1 and 2 Pulse Width
Filter Frequency
Resonance
Filter Audio Mod Amt
VCA Level
Pan Spread
LFO 1 Freq
LFO 2 Freq
LFO 3 Freq
LFO 4 Freq
All LFO Freq
LFO 1 Amt
LFO 2 Amt
LFO 3 Amt
LFO 3 Amt
All LFO Amt
Filter Env Amt
Amp Env Amt
Env 3 Amt
All Env Amounts
Env 1 Attack
Env 2 Attack
Env 3 Attack
All Env Attacks
Env 1 Decay
Env 2 Decay
Env 3 Decay
All Env Decays
Env 1 Release
Env 2 Release
Env 3 Release
All Env Releases
Mod 1 Amt
Mod 2 Amt
Mod 3 Amt
Mod 4 Amt
External Audio In Level
40

Value
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44

Sub Osc 1 Level
Sub Osc 2 Level
Mod Sources
Off
Sequence Track 1
Sequence Track 2
Sequence Track 3
Sequence Track 4
LFO 1
LFO 2
LFO 3
LFO 4
Filter Envelope
Amp Envelope
Envelope 3
Pitch Bend
Mod Wheel
Pressure
MIDI Breath
MIDI Foot
MIDI Expression
Velocity
Note Number
Noise
Audio In Envelope Follower
Audio In Peak Hold

45
46
Value
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

Sysex Messages
Universal System Exclusive Message (Device Inquiry)
Status
1111 0000
0111 1110
0vvv vvvv
0000 0110
0000 0001
1111 0111

Description
System Exclusive (SysEx)
Non-realtime message
If MIDI channel is set to 1-16, 0vvvvvvv must match (unless MIDI Channel
= ALL); always responds if 0vvvvvvv = 0111 1111.
Inquiry Message
Inquiry Request
End of Exclusive (EOX)

Mopho responds with:
Status
1111 0000
0111 1110
0vvv vvvv

Description
System Exclusive (SysEx)
Non-realtime message
If MIDI Channel = ALL, 0vvvvvvv = 0111 1111. Otherwise 0vvvvvvv =
Channel Number 0-15.

0000 0110
0000 0010
0000 0001
0010 0101
0000 0001
0000 0000
0000 0000
0jjj nnnn
0000 0000
0000 0000
1111 0111

Inquiry Message
Inquiry Reply
DSI ID
Mopho ID (Family LS)
Family MS
Family Member LS
Family Member MS
Main Software version: jjj — Minor rev; nnnn — Major rev
Zero Byte
Zero Byte
End of Exclusive (EOX)

Request Program Dump

Status

Description

1111 0000

System Exclusive (SysEx)

0000 0001

DSI ID

0010 0101

Mopho ID

0000 0101

Request Program Transmit

0000 00vv

Bank Number, 0 — 1

0vvv vvvv

Program Number, 0 — 127

1111 0111

End of Exclusive (EOX)

Mopho will respond by sending out the Program Data in the format described
below in Program Data Dump.
Request Program Edit Buffer Dump

Status

Description

1111 0000

System Exclusive (SysEx)

0000 0001

DSI ID

0010 0101

Mopho ID

0000 0110

Request Program Edit Buffer Transmit

1111 0111

End of Exclusive (EOX)

Mopho will respond by sending out the current Program edit buffer in the format
described below in Program Edit Buffer Data Dump.

Request Global Parameter Dump

Status

Description

1111 0000

System Exclusive (SysEx)

0000 0001

DSI ID

0010 0101

Mopho ID

0000 1110

Request Global Parameter Transmit

1111 0111

End of Exclusive (EOX)

Mopho will respond by sending out the current values of Global Parameters in
the format described below in Global Parameters Data Dump.
Program Data Dump

Status

Description

1111 0000

System Exclusive (SysEx)

0000 0001

DSI ID

0010 0101

Mopho ID

0000 0010

Program Data

0000 00vv

Bank Number, 0 — 2

0vvv vvvv

Program Number, 0 — 127

0vvv vvvv

256 bytes expanded to 293 MIDI bytes in “packed MS bit” format (see
page 44.)

1111 0111

End of Exclusive (EOX)

Program Edit Buffer Data Dump

Status

Description

1111 0000

System Exclusive (SysEx)

0000 0001

DSI ID

0010 0101

Mopho ID

0000 0011

Edit Buffer Data

0vvv vvvv

256 bytes expanded to 293 MIDI bytes in “packed MS bit” format (see
page 44.)

1111 0111

End of Exclusive (EOX)

Global Parameters Data Dump

Status

Description

1111 0000

System Exclusive (SysEx)

0000 0001

DSI ID

0010 0101

Mopho ID

0000 1111

Main Parameter Data

0vvv vvvv

20 nibbles (LS then MS) for 10 Global parameters. Global Parameters
are listed starting on page 34.

1111 0111

End of Exclusive (EOX)

Note: The Global Parameters Data Dump is not recognized when received; it is
only transmitted when requested. NRPN messages are used to change Globals.

Packed Data Format
Data is packed in 8 byte “packets”, with the MS bit stripped from 7 parameter
bytes, and packed into an eighth byte, which is sent at the start of the 8 byte
packet.
Example:
Packed MIDI data

Input Data
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

A7
B7
C7
D7
E7
F7
G7

A6
B6
C6
D6
E6
F6
G6

A5
B5
C5
D5
E5
F5
G5

A4
B4
C4
D4
E4
F4
G4

A3
B3
C3
D3
E3
F3
G3

A2
B2
C2
D2
E2
F2
G2

A1
B1
C1
D1
E1
F1
G1

A0
B0
C0
D0
E0
F0
G0

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00

G7
A6
B6
C6
D6
E6
F6
G6

F7
A5
B5
C5
D5
E5
F5
G5

E7
A4
B4
C4
D4
E4
F4
G4

D7
A3
B3
C3
D3
E3
F3
G3

C7
A2
B2
C2
D2
E2
F2
G2

B7
A1
B1
C1
D1
E1
F1
G1

A7
A0
B0
C0
D0
E0
F0
G0

This explains why it takes 293 MIDI bytes to transmit 256 Program data bytes.

Hidden Function
Hold the ASSIGN PARAMETER switch and hit the +/increment switch to calibrate
the low-pass filter and analog oscillator waveshapes. This should not be
necessary for normal operation.

Dave Smith Instruments
1590 Sylvaner Avenue
Saint Helena, CA 94574-2340
USA
www.DaveSmithInstruments.com

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Mopho Manual V.1.0 Mophoownersmanual

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