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Amateur Packet Radio T Tucson 8987-309 E. Tanque Verde Rd #337 A Tucson, Arizona • • 85749-9399 P • R Office: (940) 383-0000 Fax: (940) 566-2544 Internet: TAPR@TAPR.ORG www.tapr.org ™ TAPR PIC-E Non-Profit Research and Development Corporation TAPR PIC-Encoder This document was written February 1999. Rev 1, May 1999. ©1999 Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corp. Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that reproduce any portion of this document provided that: the permitted by sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States reproduction is not sold for profit; the intent of the reproduction Copyright Act (or its legal successor) without the express written is to further disseminate information on Amateur Packet Radio; permission of Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corporation is the reproduction is not used for advertising or otherwise unlawful except as noted below. Requests for permission to copy promoting any specific commercial product; full credit is given or for further information should be addressed to Tucson Amateur to Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corporation (including address) Packet Radio Corporation. Except as noted above, permission as the original source of information; and Tucson Amateur Packet is hereby granted to any nonprofit group or individual to Radio Corporation is notified in writing of the reproduction. The information contained in this document has been carefully checked and is believed to be entirely reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies. Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corporation (TAPR) reserves the right to make changes in any products to improve reliability, function or design without obligation to purchasers of previous equipment. TAPR does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey license under its patent rights or the rights of others. Introduction Acknowledgments Parts List Construction Notes Construction Operation Programming the PIC-E Radio and Mic Interfacing Serial Device Interfacing Applications Jumpers Troubleshooting Schematic 1 2 2 3 4 8 8 10 13 13 14 15 16 The PIC-E is based on two chips: a Microchip, Inc. PIC16F84 microcontroller and a MX-COM, Inc. MX614 Bell 202 modem chip. The PIC16F84 is a general purpose “computer on a chip” that can be programmed and reprogrammed by the end user. The PIC-E has an on-board PIC programmer. It is only necessary to connect a short serial cable between the PIC-E and a PC serial port and run the appropriate programming software. The PIC can be programmed to receive an incoming data stream and reformat it for transmission as AX.25 frames. The PIC sends the formatted data to the MX614 that generates tones necessary to transmit 1200 bps packet over the radio’s audio channel. The MX614 Introduction contains an energy detect circuit. Receive audio can The TAPR PIC-Encoder (PIC-E) is a general-purpose be routed to the MX614 and it can determine whether packet radio encoder based on the Microchip, Inc. the channel is in use and send this information back PIC16F84 PIC microcontroller. The PIC-E was to the microcontroller. As a result, no additional VOX designed to provide a generic interface between the or carrier detect circuitry is required to prevent the digital world (in the form of serial data streams) and PIC-E from colliding with other users on the channel. the amateur packet radio world (in the form of AX.25 The MX614 can detect both digital signals and voice, packets) and is fully programmable by the user. For so it is suitable for applications where digital and example, the user can program the PIC audio signals are mixed on the same frequency. microcontroller to take serial data from a GPS receiver or weather station and transmit it as formatted packet The PIC-E is an open system and it is hoped that many frames. Virtually any data that can be provided to hams will use it as a platform for developing new the device as a serial input stream can be reformatted and innovative applications. Almost any application and transmitted as 1200 bps packet radio. that involves point to point or point to multi-point TAPR PIC-E Manual May 1999 Page 1 of 16 transmission of low-density data is a candidate for PIC-E development. To write applications for the PIC-E you will need to learn how to develop PIC firmware. Don’t worry, it is not all that difficult. Most of what you will need to get started is readily available at little or no cost. The software to get started in PIC development is available for free at http://www.microchip.com. A discussion of the basics of getting started in PIC programming can be found in an article by W2FS in the October 1998 issue of QST. The Proceedings of the 1998 TAPR/ARRL Digital Communications Conference contains information on how to implement AX.25 UI frames in PIC microcontroller. While the 16F84 contains only 1K of program space, it turns out that this provides enough room not only to decode incoming serial data and construct outgoing packets, but to do a significant amount of processing and reformatting of the data as well. As PIC-E programs are developed they will be displayed or linked from the TAPR PIC-E web site located at http://www.tapr.org/taprf/html/ Fpice.html. If you’ve created a project and would like to display or link to it, contact TAPR at tapr@tapr.org. PARTS LIST The parts list is organized by quantity and part type. Verify that all parts are present by checking in the space [ ] provided as you locate the part in the list. You may wish to take this opportunity to sort the parts into a compartmented container such as an egg carton or muffin tin as you inventory them. This will aid you in kit building. Resistors (1/4 w, 5% Carbon Film): [ ] (4) 1.2K ohm (brown-red-red-gold) R11,R14,R15,R18 [ ] (3) 2.2K ohm (red-red-red-gold) R4,R5,R7 [ ] (9) 10K ohm (brown-black-orange-gold) R3,R9,R10,R13,R16,R17,R19,R20,R21 [ ] (2) 22K ohm (red-red-orange-gold) R2,R6 [ ] (3) 100K ohm (brown-black-yellow-gold) R1,R8,R12 Resistor, (Trimpot, 25-Turn) [ ] (1) 10K ohm Trimpot (103) V1 Capacitors Capacitors may be marked in various ways. The typical markings are listed but may vary. Find all that match and the remaining ones, if any, should become Updated documentation can be found at http://www.tapr.org/taprf/html/Fpice.html or apparent by elimination. ftp://ftp.tapr.org/picsig/docs/. Mylar or Monolithic Contributed files can be found at [ ] (5) 0.1 uf (104) C2,C5,C6,C7,C8 ftp://ftp.tapr.org/picsig/software/. Files can be anonymously uploaded to Electrolytic or Tantalum ftp://ftp.tapr.org/picsig/upload/. [ ] (2) 1uF (105) C3,C4 [ ] (1) 100 uf C1 PIC-E is discussed on the PIC special interest group. You can join PIC SIG via the web at Diode http://www.tapr.org/cgi-bin/lyris.pl?join=picsig. [ ] (1) 1N34 Germanium Diode D6 [ ] (3) 1N4002 Silicon Diode D7,D9,D11 Acknowledgements [ ] (2) 1N4148 Silicon Diode D1,D10 The Tucson Amateur Packet Radio PIC-Encoder Kit [ ] (1) 1N5231BDICT-ND 5.1V Zener Diode D2 was made possible by the pioneering efforts of (in alphabetical order): Light Emitting Diodes [ ] (1) Green T1 D8 Steve Bible, N7HPR Project Manager [ ] (2) Yellow T1 D3,D4 Joe Borovetz, WA5VMS Parts Liaison [ ] (1) Red T1 D5 Steve Dimse, K4HG Conceptual Design Byon Garrabrant, N6BG Programmer, Integrated Circuits Conceptual Design NOTE: Do not handle the ICs at this time! Carefully John Hansen, W2FS Programmer, remove the black foam carrier with ICs from the bag Conceptual Design and verify the ICs against this list. Do not touch the Greg Jones, WD5IVD TAPR Project Liasion ICs! John Koster, W9DDD PCB Design [ ] (1) PIC16F84 U1 Dan Welch, W6DFW Conceptual Design, [ ] (1) MX614 U3 Documentation Page 2 of 16 May 1999 TAPR PIC-E Manual Transistors [ ] (1) 2N3904 NPN Transistor Q1 Voltage Regulators [ ] (1) 7805 U2 as disastrous as it can ruin the PC board. Two to three seconds should be enough time to apply heat to any joint. Due to the proximity of some of the traces on the PC board, solder bridges are a very distinct possibility. Following these points could eliminate several hours of troubleshooting (or worse). This is good practice when working on any kit. Ceramic Resonators Ceramic Resonators look very much like a dipped capacitor, but have three leads. You will need small flush or semi-flush cutting pliers [ ] (1) 3.58 MHz X2 and small-tipped long nosed pliers. A magnifying [ ] (1) 10 MHz X1 glass may prove helpful to identify the values of the small components. IC Sockets [ ] (2) 16-pin DIP Socket U3, J3 Pay careful attention to the directions that follow. Pay [ ] (1) 18-pin DIP Socket U1 close attention to the following: [ ] (1) 16-pin Machine Tooled DIP Socket J3 1) Read this entire document prior to starting Connectors construction of your kit. [ ] (3) 1x2-pin male header 2) Identifying the pins on headers - Pin 1 is identified [ ] (2) 1x3-pin male header [ ] (3) 1x8-pin male header (or (1) 1x8 and (1) 2x8) by the square pad on silk-screen. [ ] (12) 2-pin Jumper, Push-On [ ] (1) DB9 Female PCB right angle mount Electrostatic Protection [ ] (1) DB9 Male PCB right angle mount The Integrated Circuits are susceptible to static [ ] (2) 8-pin RJ-45 jack PCB right angle mount discharge. Observe anti-static precautions when [ ] (1) 2.1 mm Coaxial Jack assembling the PIC-Encoder. [ ] (1) 2.1 mm Coaxial Plug Miscellaneous [ ] (1) Printed Circuit Board [ ] (1) Assembly Manual (this document) [ ] (1) Cable Assembly with RJ-45 connectors [ ] (2) Miniture Toggle Switches [ ] (4) 4-40 x 3/8” screws [ ] (4) 4x40 nuts [ ] (1) Solid wire CONSTRUCTION NOTES You are now ready to begin construction of the PICEncoder. Follow standard construction practices when building the unit. Use a temperature-controlled, fine-tipped soldering iron of relatively low wattage (25 watts maximum, 15 watts is ideal) and a good quality 60/40 or 63/37 rosin-core solder for construction. Keep the tip of your soldering iron bright and clean, wiping it frequently on a wet rag or sponge. Make solder joints carefully, but swiftly. Prolonged heat on a PC board pad can be TAPR PIC-E Manual May 1999 Page 3 of 16 CONSTRUCTION Refer to the layout diagram for clarification of parts placement. Resistors [ ] [ ] [ ] R19 10K ohm R20 10K ohm R21 10K ohm (brown-black-orange-gold) (brown-black-orange-gold) (brown-black-orange-gold) [ ] Solder and clip the leads (10 total) Resistors have a lead spacing of 0.4" and should lie Now check your work. All leads should be soldered. flat on the PC board. You may wish to use a lead There should be no solder bridges or cold solder former to pre-form the resistor leads for neatest connections. appearance. [ ] OK so far. Install the following resistors: [ ] R14 1.2K ohm (brown-red-red-gold) This completes the resistor installation. You should [ ] R17 10K ohm (brown-black-orange-gold) have no remaining resistors. [ ] R18 1.2K ohm (brown-red-red-gold) [ ] R11 1.2K ohm (brown-red-red-gold) [ ] No resistors remaining. WARNING! Be careful when clipping leads, as they have a tendency to fly towards your eyes! Take appropriate precautions (grasp leads and wear eye protection). [ ] Solder and clip the leads (8 total) [ [ [ [ [ R1 R3 R10 R16 R15 ] ] ] ] ] 100K ohm 10K ohm 10K ohm 10K ohm 1.2K ohm (brown-black-yellow-gold) (brown-black-orange-gold) (brown-black-orange-gold) (brown-black-orange-gold) (brown-red-red-gold) [ ] Solder and clip the leads (10 total) [ ] [ ] [ ] R13 10K ohm R7 2.2K ohm R5 2.2K ohm [ ] Solder and clip the leads (6 total) [ [ [ [ R6 R4 R8 R2 ] ] ] ] 22K ohm 2.2K ohm 100K ohm 22K ohm (brown-black-orange-gold) (red-red-red-gold) (red-red-red-gold) (red-red-orange-gold) (red-red-red-gold) (brown-black-yellow-gold) (red-red-orange-gold) [ ] Solder and clip the leads (8 total) [ ] [ ] R12 100K ohm R9 10K ohm (brown-black-yellow-gold) (brown-black-orange-gold) CAUTION! Diode D6 and D9 are next to resistor R9. Make certain that you install resistor R9 in its proper place. Page 4 of 16 Diode Diodes are polarity sensitive devices. Diodes are mounted flat near the surface of the board like the resistors previously installed. The cathode end of the diode is banded and corresponds to the banded silkscreen legend on the PCB. Install the following diodes: [ ] D1 1N4148 [ ] D2 1N5231 Zener [ ] Solder and clip the leads (4 total) [ ] [ ] [ ] D7 1N4002 D6 1N34 D9 1N4002 [ ] Solder and clip the leads (6 total) [ ] [ ] D10 1N4148 D11 1N4002 [ ] Solder and clip the leads (4 total) Now check your work. All leads should be soldered. There should be no solder bridges or cold solder connections. [ ] OK so far. This completes the diode installation. You should have no remaining diodes. [ ] May 1999 No diodes remaining. TAPR PIC-E Manual IC Sockets Trimpots NOTE: If any socket pins are bent, carefully straighten them with a pair of long-nose pliers before assembly. Some types of IC sockets have crimps in the pins to hold them in place when automatic wave soldering is performed. These sockets may be tricky to install if you are not familiar with them. If your kit contains these sockets, you may want to straighten the pins before attempting to insert them into the PC board. Align the trimpot according to the silkscreen. When installing IC sockets double check to ensure that the socket is seated properly against the board with the notch matching the silk-screen. Pin 1 (nearest the socket notch) has a square solder pad. Be sure that all IC socket pins are showing on the solder side of the board. Next, tack-solder two diagonally opposite corners first (such as pins 1 and 8 on a 14pin socket). Install the trimpot: [ ] V1 10K ohm [ ] Solder and clip the leads (3 total) Capacitors All capacitors should be mounted as nearly flush to the board surface as practical without stressing the leads. Install the following capacitors: [ ] C2 0.1 uF (104) [ ] C5 0.1 uF (104) [ ] C6 0.1 uF (104) [ ] C7 0.1 uF (104) [ ] C8 0.1 uF (104) Then solder the remaining pins of that socket before proceeding to the next one. If you find a socket is [ ] Solder and clip the leads (10 total) difficult to install, remove it and double-check for a bent pin. Electrolytic and Tantalum capacitors are polarized. The positive lead goes in the hole on the board marked CAUTION! Take care to avoid solder bridges! with a “+”. Be careful! Typically the negative lead is marked and sometimes the positive lead is marked. NOTE: Do not solder the 16-pin Machine IC Socket to the PCB. It will be plugged into the socket J3 as a [ ] C3 1 uF programming header later. [ ] C4 1 uF Install the following IC sockets: [ ] U1 18-pin [ ] U3 16-pin [ ] J3 16-pin [ ] Solder and clip the leads (4 total) [ ] C1 100 uF [ ] Solder and clip the leads (2 total) Now check your work. All leads should be soldered. There should be no solder bridges (a blob of solder Now check your work. All leads should be soldered. that shorts two adjacent soldered connections) or cold There should be no solder bridges or cold solder (gray and/or grainy looking) solder connections. connections. [ ] OK so far. [ ] OK so far. This completes the IC socket installation. You should have one 16-pin Machined IC sockets remaining. This completes the capacitor installation. You should have no remaining capacitors. [ ] [ ] One 16-pin Machined IC socket remaining. TAPR PIC-E Manual May 1999 No capacitors remaining. Page 5 of 16 Once the alignment is correct, solder the rest of the pins and then reflow (reheat) the first pin you soldered. Ceramic Resonators Ceramic resonators are not polarity sensitive. Install the following ceramic resonators: [ ] X1 10 MHz [ ] X2 3.58 MHz [ ] Solder and clip the leads (6 total) Transistor NOTE: Transistors are polarized components. Match the body of the transistor with the silk-screened outline and carefully bend the transistor leads to match the hole pattern on the PC board. The bottom of the body of the transistor should not be more than 1/4" above the PC board. [ ] Q1 2N3904 NPN Transistor [ ] Solder and clip the leads (3 total) NOTE: Voltage regulators are polarized components. Match the body of the voltage regulator with the silkscreened outline and carefully bend the leads to match the hole pattern on the PC board. The bottom of the body of the voltage regulator should not be more that 1/4” above the PC board. NOTE: position the 7805 with the heatsink positioned toward the edge of the PCB U2 7805 [ ] Solder and clip the leads (3 total) Male Headers JP1 1x2 pin JP3 1x2 pin JP4 1x2 pin [ ] [ ] JP2 1x3 pin JP5 1x3 pin Place two or more 2-pin jumpers on the three 1x8 male headers (between J5 and J6 and from J6 to J4) to interlock them together and then tack solder. Check for proper alignment. Once alignment is correct, solder the rest of the pins. NOTE: Your kit may contain (1) 1x8 header and (1) 2x8 header. Follow the same general procedure. Solder them side-by-side using two 2-pin jumpers to interlock and align them for soldering. Voltage Regulator [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] J4 J5 J6 1x8 pin 1x8 pin 1x8 pin Connectors CAUTION! Soldering the coaxial power connector is a bit tricky because of the large mounting holes. [ ] P3 Coaxial power connector Install the DB-9 connectors in their respective locations. First, secure the connector using two screws and nuts. Next, solder the leads. [ ] [ ] P1 DB-9 male (GPS) P2 DB-9 female (Program) The 2-, 3-, and 8-pin male headers will be installed next. The plastic body of the part should rest flush Gently rock the RJ-45 connectors until they snap into with the top surface of the PC board. The short end of place and solder the leads. the pins goes into the PC board, the long end sticks up. [ ] J1 RJ-45 connector [ ] J2 RJ-45 connector WARNING! Do not hold these parts with your fingers as they quickly get very hot while soldering Switches in place. Install two miniature toggle switches. Position them Place a 2-pin jumper on the header to insulate your according to the silkscreen and solder the leads and finger from the pins, hold the header in place and body mounting pins. tack solder one pin. Check for proper alignment. If alignment is off, you can reheat the one pin to adjust. [ ] SW1 [ ] SW2 Page 6 of 16 May 1999 TAPR PIC-E Manual Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) LEDs are polarized components. The flat side on the body and the shorter lead of the two identifies the cathode lead. Insert the LED according to the silkscreen outline. [ [ [ [ ] ] ] ] [ ] D8 D3 D5 D4 [ ] The green power LED should light. NOTE: JP4 must be installed. [ ] [ ] [ ] Solder and clip the leads (8 total) Install push-on jumpers in the following locations: ] ] ] ] ] Apply 7 to 20 Volts DC power to P3 or B1. Measure +5VDC at the following locations: Green LED (Power) Yellow LED (Valid) Red LED (PTT) Yellow LED (Active) Jumpers [ [ [ [ [ [ ] JP2 – N JP3 JP4 JP5 – SW2 Eight between J4/J6 JP4 U1 pin 14 U3 pin 16 If the above measurements are incorrect, carefully inspect the PIC-E for solder bridges, parts placement, polarity of parts, anything that looks unusual. Use the PIC-E schematic to trace the flow of power through the PIC-E to locate and correct the problem. If the above measurements are correct, proceed to the next section. Integrated Circuits Voltage Checks It is best to do a preliminary voltage check before installing the Integrated Circuits. This is a relatively easy check to make and can save you headaches later but first you need to supply power to the PIC-E. Observing static precautions and polarity, install the following ICs in their sockets. Pay particular attention to aligning the notch of the IC with the socket: WARNING! Remove all power before installing ICs. [ ] Remove power from the PIC-E. The PIC-E can be powered via two methods, either Install the following ICs: from an external power supply or batteries. The onboard 7805 voltage regulator can accept an input [ ] U1 PIC16F84 voltage from 7 to 20 volts. The output of the 7805 is [ ] U3 MX614 +5 volts at 1Amp. A power adapter (wall wart) that supplies 9 or 12 volts DC rated at least 100 mA with a 2.1 mm coaxial connector will work fine. Make certain that the center conductor is positive. Batteries can also power the PIC-E. A 9 volt transistor battery works great. Power can be applied to the PIC-E via two methods, either through the 2.1 mm coaxial power connector P3 or B1 (two solder holes near P3). As mentioned before, the center pin of P3 is positive. Observe the polarity markings when connecting power to B1. TAPR PIC-E Manual May 1999 Page 7 of 16 OPERATION The PIC-E is a flexible and versatile device. There are several ways to interface and configure it. The PIC-E can be interfaced to a serial device, such as a GPS receiver or weather station, a microphone and radio. A typical PIC-E installation will use a serial device and a radio. Interfacing a microphone to the PIC-E is not mandatory. Now that your PIC-E is fully assembled, it’s time to learn how to program and interface it to radios and serial devices. First, you’ll learn how to program the PIC-E with a small diagnostic program that will test various functions. Once these are completed, you’ll learn how to interface the PIC-E to radios and serial devices. Programming the PIC-E The programming circuitry on the PIC-E is based on the Ludipipo programmer designed my Ludwig Catta. John Hansen, W2FS, wrote about this programmer in an article in the October 1998 QST, "Using PIC microcontrollers in Amateur Radio projects." There are several software programs that interface to the Ludipipo circuitry. Two have been tested on the PIC-E: PiX and PicProg. PiX is a DOS based programmer and PicProg is Windows based. For this example we’ll use PicProg. John illustrates how to use PiX in his QST article. Loading PicProg onto your computer PicProg is a Windows PIC16C84 programmer that can program the PIC-E. Unzip the picprg06.zip file into a suitable directory on your computer. Run PicProg and set the communications port by selecting Setup|Com Port from the menu bar. The following window will pop up: The onboard serial programmer on the PIC-E receives power from the serial port. WARNING! WARNING! WARNING! DO NOT power the PIC-E during programming. Serial ports differ from computer to computer and there may not be sufficient voltage to power the PIC-E during programming. If you have difficulty programming the PIC, remove the jumper on JP4 during programming. This will remove programming power from the rest of the PIC-E circuitry during programming. Click on the radio button corresponding to the NOTE: JP4 must be installed during normal PIC-E computer comm port connected to the PIC-E. operation. If you forget to install JP4 prior to operating Connect a serial cable to the PIC-E Program P2 jack the PIC-E, the power LED will not light when power and your computer’s serial port. is applied. Next, open the diagnostic hex file picediag.hex by selecting File|Open File from the menu bar. The following window will pop up: Page 8 of 16 May 1999 TAPR PIC-E Manual Browse to the directory containing picediag.hex and click OK. PicProg is now ready to program the PIC-E. Check the box next to PWRTE to select Power-up Timer option of the PIC. To program the PIC-E click on the Program Chip button. The status line in the lower left will indicate the programming status. The power LED on the PIC-E will glow slightly while programming is in progress. In about a minute, if all goes well, the status line will report "Chip programmed" when completed. In case of problems, check the serial cable and connections. Try a shorter (or shorten) the cable. Try removing jumper JP4. This removes power to the surrounding circuitry and applies it only to the PIC. The PIC-E programmer uses the serial port for power and not all serial ports are the same from computer to computer. If the power output is low, the programming of the PIC can fail. Remember to reinstall JP4 when programming is complete. Run diagnostic The diagnostic program tests the MX614 modem chip and lights the VALID LED. Place both toggle switches to the right. Apply power to the PIC-E. The switch functions are: Mode Switch right – Off Mode Switch left – Toggle tones at 1200 bps and assert PTT Option Switch right – Off Option Switch left – light VALID LED [ ] Apply power to the PIC-E. [ ] Move the Option Switch to the left. The VALID LED should light. [ ] Without a radio connected to the PIC-E, move the Mode Switch to the left, the PTT LED should light. [ ] Move both toggle switches to the right. [ ] Remove power to the PIC-E. TAPR PIC-E Manual May 1999 Page 9 of 16 Radio and Microphone Interfacing This section discusses interfacing the PIC-E to a radio and microphone. [ ] Install the 16-pin machine tooled DIP socket in J3. J3/J4/J5/J6 – Microphone/PTT Programming Header Jumpers J3/J4/J5/J6 configure your microphone and radio to the PIC-E. A microphone connects to Jack J1 (RJ-45) and a radio to J2 (RJ-45). Figure 1 illustrates the signal flow through the PIC-E. 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 Programming Header J3 is a machined-tooled 16-pin DIP socket that plugs into DIP socket J3. The user inserts wire jumpers between one side of the socket (pins 1-8) to the other side (pins 9-16) connecting signals between the microphone, radio, and the PICE. Looking into RJ-45 jack [ ] Using Table 1 on the next page, write in the signal name corresponding to the pin number of your radio’s microphone jack in right-hand column. J1 Microphone/J2 Radio Jacks Microphone jack J1 and Radio jack J2 are 8-pin RJ-45 jacks. Pins 1 though 8 of J1 and J2 correspond to pins 1 through 8 of J3 (see Figure 1). The pin-out of J1 and J2 is: A cable assembly with a RJ-45 plug on each end is included in the kit. If you are interfacing the PIC-E to a radio that already has a RJ-45 connector, connect the cable between the PIC-E and radio. If the radio you are interfacing to does not have a RJ-45 jack, you can cut the cable to length and solder on a microphone connector that mates to your radio. [ ] Draw a line between the microphone jack signal name in the right-hand column to the corresponding PIC-E signal name in the lefthand column. These lines will become wire jumpers on the DIP programming header J3. Mandatory signals (indicated by * on Table 1) to be connected to the PIC-E are: PIC-E Microphone MIC_AUDIO MIC_PTT MIC_GND J3 Pins 1-8 J1 RJ-45 J6 J4 J5 Left Center Right Radio Figure 1 – Signals Interface Page 10 of 16 RAD_PTT RXA MIC_AUDIO RADIO_GND May 1999 9 - MIC_PWR 10 - RADIO_GND 11 - MIC_PTT 12 - RXA 13 - MIC_AUDIO 14 - MIC_GND 15 - +5 16 - GND J3 Pins 9-10 RAD_PTT J2 RJ-45 TAPR PIC-E Manual - Ground (either Radio_Ground, MIC_Ground, or Ground) - Mic_Audio (PIC-E TX Audio to Radio) - MIC_PTT (Microphone Push-to-Talk) Optional signals are: - +5V (PIC-E voltage to user equipment, no greater than 50 mA) - RXA (Radio speaker audio to PIC-E for data/carrier sense) - MIC_Power (Radio voltage to power PIC-E) [ ] Cut and strip the solid wire supplied in the kit for jumpers between the pin holes of the machined-tooled DIP socket corresponding to the lines drawn on Table 1. PIC-E Signals PTT Selection Jumpers on the eight rows of pins on J4 and J6 pass through microphone signals from J1 (MIC IN) to J2 (RADIO). The user installs seven 2-pin jumpers to pass all microphone signals with the exception of Push to Talk (PTT). The pin corresponding to PTT is jumpered between J4 and J5 using a 2-pin connector. This action disconnects the PTT signal between the microphone and radio and allows the PIC-E to control PTT. [ ] Find the pin number of the microphone PTT. Pin number __________. [ ] Remove the 2-pin jumper across J4/J6 corresponding to the PTT pin. [ ] Install the 2-pin jumper across J4/J5 corresponding to the PTT pin. Microphone Jack Signals 9 Ground (*) 8 Handie-Talkie Interfacing 10 +5V 7 11 MIC Ground 6 12 MIC Audio (*) 5 13 RXA 4 14 MIC PTT (*) 3 15 Radio Ground 2 If you plan to interface a handie-talkie to the PIC-E and require a resistance inline with the PTT line (such as Yaesu and Icom radios), remove jumper JP3. This will insert a 2.2K ohm resistance inline with the PIC-E RAD_PTT signal. Figure 3 shows a typical handie-talkie interface for Alinco, ICOM, Standard, Tandy, and Yaesu radios. 16 MIC Power 1 Table 1 - Jumper J3 RXA 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 J3 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 EAR GND MIC MIC_AUDIO PTT J5 J6 J4 JP3 Figure 2 – Programming Jumpers TAPR PIC-E Manual Figure 3. Typical HT Interface May 1999 Page 11 of 16 Setting Deviation Setting the PIC-E audio output sets the deviation of the packet signal. This is an important setting. If the audio output is too low the receiving station will not decode packets. If the audio output is too high the radio will be over-deviated and cause splatter. You can set the deviation via one of three methods: manual, voltage measurement, or deviation meter. Manual If you do not have access to an oscilloscope, service monitor, or deviation meter, you can set the deviation using manual method with good results. Set the deviation as follows: [ ] Connect the PIC-E to your radio. [ ] Attach a dummy load to the radio’s antenna connection. Voltage Measurement If you have access to an oscilloscope or peak-to-peak measuring voltmeter, set the deviation as follows: [ ] Connect the oscilloscope to the MIC_AUDIO line of the PIC-E. [ ] Set the PIC-E audio output to minimum by turning V1 fully counter-clockwise. [ ] Power up the PIC-E with the diagnostic program loaded. [ ] Set the MODE SW to the right. PTT LED should light and the radio starts transmitting. [ ] Slowly turn V1 clockwise. [ ] Set the MIC_AUDIO output to 850 millivolts, peak to peak. [ ] Set the MODE SW to the left. [ ] Remove power to the PIC-E. [ ] Set the PIC-E audio output to minimum by turning V1 fully counter-clockwise. [ ] Power up the PIC-E with the diagnostic program loaded. [ ] Use a second radio to monitor the output of the transmitter connected to the PIC-E. [ ] Set the MODE SW to the right. PTT LED should light and the radio starts transmitting. [ ] Slowly turn V1 clockwise. Tones should be heard on the monitoring radio. [ ] Continue to turn V1 clockwise until the volume of the tone stops changing. Turn V1 slightly counter-clockwise. [ ] Set the MODE SW to the left. This completes deviation setting. Skip to Serial Device Interfacing. Deviation Meter If you have or have access to a service monitor or deviation meter such as the AEA (now Timewave) DM-1, set the deviation as follows: [ ] Connect the output of the radio to a service monitor or deviation meter. [ ] Set the PIC-E audio output to minimum by turning V1 fully counter-clockwise. [ ] Power up the PIC-E with the diagnostic program loaded. [ ] Set the MODE SW to the right. PTT LED should light and the radio starts transmitting. [ ] Remove power to the PIC-E. This completes deviation setting. Skip to Serial Device Interfacing. [ ] Slowly turn V1 clockwise. [ ] Set deviation to 3.5 – 4.0 kHz. [ ] Set the MODE SW to the left. [ ] Remove power to the PIC-E. This completes deviation setting. Page 12 of 16 May 1999 TAPR PIC-E Manual Serial Device Interfacing Applications The PIC-E can be interfaced to any serial device such as GPS receivers or weather stations. Since the PIC-E is fully programmable, you can parse the serial stream into any format you desire and output it via the radio port at Bell 202 tones. That completes the interfacing of the PIC-E. All that remains is to program the PIC-E for the application of interest. You can choose to load an already written program or write one of your own. As PIC-E programs are developed they will be displayed or linked from the TAPR PIC-E web site located at http://www.tapr.org/taprf/html/Fpice.html. If you’ve created a project and would like to display or link to it, contact TAPR at tapr@tapr.org. P1 is configured as a Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) serial port (i.e. computer port). Any Data Communications Equipment (DCE) device can connect pin-for-pin to the port. The pin outs are (labels are with respect to the PIC-E): P1 Pin Number Description Updated documentation can be found at http://www.tapr.org/taprf/html/Fpice.html or ftp://ftp.tapr.org/picsig/docs/. Contributed files can be found at ftp://ftp.tapr.org/picsig/software/. Files can be anonymously uploaded to ftp://ftp.tapr.org/picsig/upload/. 2 Serial In (RXD) 3 Serial Out (TXD) 4 Data Terminal Ready (DTR) 5 Ground PIC-E is discussed on the PIC special interest group. You can join PIC SIG via the web at http://www.tapr.org/cgi-bin/lyris.pl?join=picsig. For normal serial connections, configure the following jumpers: JP1 – open JP2 – jumper across N A Delorme Tripmate GPS receiver can be interfaced to the PIC-E by placing jumpers in the following locations: JP1 – closed JP2 – jumper across T TAPR PIC-E Manual May 1999 Page 13 of 16 JUMPERS The following tables summarize the jumper selections on the PIC-E. JP1, JP2 – Tripmate Selection Delorme’s Tripmate GPS receiver can be used with the PIC-E. Install jumpers JP1 and JP2 according to the table below. JP1 will apply +5VDC to pin 4 of P1 and JP2 will jumper pins 2 and 3 together. To configure P1 for normal serial operations, install jumpers JP1 and JP2 according to the table below. JP1 JP2 Normal Serial N Open Tripmate T Closed JP4 – Programming The onboard serial programmer of the PIC-E receives its power from the serial port. It is not necessary to power the PIC-E during programming. However, serial ports differ from computer to computer and there may not be sufficient voltage to power the PICE during programming. If you have difficulty programming the PIC, remove the jumper on JP4 during programming. This will allow you to remove programming power from the rest of the PIC-E circuitry during programming. JP4 must be installed (closed) during normal PIC-E operation. JP4 Normal Closed Programming JP3 – Handi-Talkie JP3 provides a 2.2 Kohm resistor in series with the PTT line. If a handie-talkie is interfaced to the PIC-E and resistance is needed inline with PTT, JP3 should be open. If resistance is not need, JP3 should be jumpered (closed). Open JP5 – MX614 Receive/Option Switch SW2 The PIC16F84 microcontroller has a finite number of I/O pins. Jumper JP5 allows you to select whether you want PIC port RB4 (pin 10) to be configured to receive digital data from the MX614 modem chip or switch SW2. JP5 JP3 Normal Closed Resistor Open MX614 Receive RXD Option Switch SW2 J3/J4/J5/J6 – Microphone/PTT Programming Header Jumpers J3/J4/J5/J6 configure your microphone and radio to the PIC-E. A microphone connects to Jack J1 (RJ-45) and a radio to J2 (RJ-45). Refer to the Radio and Microphone Interfacing section to configure these headers. PIC-E Signals Microphone Jack Signals 9 Ground (*) 8 10 +5V 7 11 MIC Ground 6 12 MIC Audio (*) 5 13 RXA 4 14 MIC PTT (*) 3 15 Radio Ground 2 16 MIC Power 1 Page 14 of 16 May 1999 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 J3 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 J5 J6 J4 TAPR PIC-E Manual TROUBLESHOOTING Most problems stem from bad solder connections. Inspect all solder connections. Make certain that there are no solder bridges or cold solder joints with a dull gray appearance. All solder joints should be smooth and shiny. Check parts placement paying particular attention to components that are polarity sensitive such as the voltage regulator U2, transistor Q1, LEDs, and diodes. Check that ICs U1 and U3 are inserted with the notch on the chip matching the notch on the socket. Power Problems - If the PIC-E is not operating correctly, check that the output of the 78L05 voltage regulator U2 is outputting +5 volts. You can measure this on pin 1 of JP4. Check that +5 volts are available on U1 pin 14 of the PIC and U3 pin 16 the MX614 chip. Trace the voltage signal using the schematic. TAPR PIC-E Manual May 1999 Page 15 of 16 Copyright 1999, Page 16 of 16 May 1999 TAPR PIC-E Manual
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