SG6848x1 Datasheet. Www.s Manuals.com. R1.3 System General

User Manual: Marking of electronic components, SMD Codes AA, AA**, AA***, AA-, AA-**, AA-***, AA=***, AAA, AAA***, AAC, AAD, AAE, AAE**, AAF, AAFI, AAG, AAH**, AAHC, AAHO, AAI**, AAIK, AAJ**, AAJ***, AAJF*, AAJI, AAJJ, AAL***, AAM***, AAN***, AANC, AAP, AAQ, AAR, AAS, AASQ, AASR, AAT***, AATJ, AATK, AATL, AATM, AAU, AAU**, AAW, AAX, Aa. Datasheets 2N7002T, 2SD1757K, 74AHC1G00GW, AME8804AEEY, BCW60A, BCX51, BD48E23G, BD48K23G, BL3406B-1.0V, BL9641, LR9641, MAX1736EUT41-T, MAX1736EUT42-T, MAX2644, MAX4335EXT-T, MAX4336EXT

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Product Specification
Low-cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters

FEATURES
Green-mode PWM Controller
Low Start-up Current (5uA)
Low Operating Current (3mA)
Programmable PWM Frequency
Peak-current-mode Operation
Leading-edge Blanking
Built-in Synchronized Slope Compensation
Cycle-by-cycle Current Limiting
Constant Output Power Limit
Gate Output Voltage Clamped at 15V
Small SOT-26 Package Available

APPLICATIONS
General-purpose switching mode power supplies and
flyback power converters, such as
Battery chargers
Power adapters
Open-frame SMPS
Replacements for linear transformers and RCC
5V standby power for PC power supply.

SG6848x1

DESCRIPTION
This highly integrated PWM controller provides
several special enhancements designed to meet the low
standby-power needs of low-power SMPS. To
minimize standby power consumption, the proprietary
green-mode function provides off-time modulation to
continuously decrease PWM frequency under light-load
conditions. This green-mode function enables the power
supply to easily meet even the strictest power
conservation requirements.
The BiCMOS fabrication process enables reducing
the start-up current to 5uA, and the operating current to
3mA. As a result, a large start-up resistance can be used.
Built-in synchronized slope compensation ensures the
stability of peak-current-mode control. Proprietary
internal compensation provides a constant output power
limit over a universal AC input range (90VAC to
264VAC). Cycle-by-cycle current limiting ensures safe
operation during short-circuits.
To protect the external power MOSFET from being
damaged by supply over voltage, the SG6848x1’s output
driver is clamped at 15V. The SG6848x1’s controllers can
be used to improve the performance and reduce the
production cost of power supplies. The SG6848x1 is the
best choice for replacing linear and RCC power supplies.
It is available in DIP-8 and SOT-26 packages.

TYPICAL APPLICATION

-1-

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Jan. 27, 2006

Product Specification

SG6848x1

Low-cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters

MARKING DIAGRAMS

PIN CONFIGURATION
SOT-26

XXX:AAH =SG6848T1
XXX:AAH =SG6848TZ1
M: Mask Version
W: Week code A~Z=W1~W26
A~Z=W27~W52
:Lead free package

XXXMW

GND

GATE

VDD

SENSE

DIP-8
D: D = DIP
P : Z = Lead Free
Null = Regular Package
M: Mask Version
XXXXXX: Wafer Lot
YY: Year; WW: Week
V: Assembly Location

SG6848DP1

MXXXXXXYYWWV

GATE

GND

VDD

SENSE

ORDERING INFORMATION
Part Number

Package

SG6848T1

SOT-26

SG6848D1

DIP-8

SG6848TZ1

SOT-26 (Lead Free)

SG6848DZ1

DIP-8 (Lead Free)

PIN DESCRIPTIONS
Name

Pin No.
DIP-8 / (SOT-26)

Type

Function

GATE

1 / (6)

Driver Output

The totem-pole output driver for driving the power MOSFET.

VDD

2 / (5)

Supply

Power supply.

No connection.
Current sense. This pin senses the voltage across a resistor for peak-current-mode

SENSE

4 / (4)

Analog Input

control. If the voltage reaches the internal threshold, PWM output is disabled. This
activates cycle-by-cycle current limiting.
A resistor connected from the RI pin to GND pin will generate a constant current source

5 / (3)

Analog
Input/Output

for the controller. This current is used to determine PWM frequency. Increasing the
resistance will reduce PWM frequency. A 95kΩ resistor results in a 70kHz PWM
frequency.

No connection.

7 / (2)

Analog Input

GND

8 / (1)

Supply

Feedback. The FB pin accepts the output voltage regulation signal. It provides feedback
to the internal PWM comparator to adjust the duty cycle.
Ground.

-2-

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Jan. 27, 2006

Product Specification
Low-cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters

SG6848x1

BLOCK DIAGRAM

-3-

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Jan. 27, 2006

Product Specification

SG6848x1

Low-cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Symbol

Parameter

Value

Unit

VDD

DC Supply Voltage

VFB

Input Voltage to FB Pin

-0.3 to 6 V

VSENSE

Input Voltage to Sense Pin

-0.3 to 6V

Power Dissipation

RθJA

Thermal Resistance (Junction to Air)

Operating Junction Temperature

TSTG

Storage Temperature Range

Peak Reflow Temperature

300

SOT-26

208.4

°C/W

DIP-8

82.5

°C/W

-40 to +125

°C

-55 to +150

°C

Pb free

260(+5/-0)

230(+5/-0)

°C

* All voltage values, except differential voltages, are given with respect to GND pin.
* Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device.

RECOMMENDED OPERATING JUNCTION TEMPERATURE: -30°C ~ 105°C*
*For proper operation

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VDD=15V, TA = 25°C, unless noted)
VDD Section
Symbol

Parameter

VOP

Continuously Operating Voltage

Test Condition

Min.

Typ.

Max.

Unit

VTH(ON)

Start-up Threshold Voltage

15.3

16.3

17.3

VDD(MIN)

Min. Operating Voltage

10.9

11.7

12.5

IDD ST

Start-up Current

IDD OP

Operating Supply Current

VDD-OVP

Over Voltage Protection

23.5

Min.

Typ.

Max.

GATE = 1nF

Feedback Input Section
Symbol

Parameter

ZFB

Input Impedance

Test Condition

IOZ

Zero-duty-cycle Input Current

1.3

VOP

Open Loop Voltage

4.5

Unit
kΩ

2.0

mA
V

Oscillator Section
Symbol

Parameter

Test Condition

Min.

Typ.

Max.

FOSC

PWM Frequency

RI = 95kΩ

Unit

FOSC-GREEN

Green-mode Min. Frequency

RI = 95kΩ

FDY

Frequency Variation versus VDD Deviation

VDD = 14 to 20V

FDT

Frequency Variation versus Temp. Deviation

TA = -30 to 105 ℃

kHz

Green-mode Start Threshold FB Input Current

Green-mode Min. Freq. FB Input Current

1.16

Green-mode Modulation Slope

300

Hz/uA

RI pin resistance

RI = 95kΩ
66.5

-4-

150

kΩ

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Jan. 27, 2006

Product Specification

SG6848x1

Low-cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters

Current Sense Section
Symbol

Parameter

ZCS

Input Impedance

Test Condition

Min.

Typ.

Max.

TPD

Delay to Output

100

nsec

VTH,FLT

Current Limit Flatten Threshold Voltage

0.96

VTH,VALLEY

Current Limit Valley Threshold Voltage

0.81

DCSAW

Duty Cycle of SAW Limit

Unit
kΩ

Gate Section
Symbol

Parameter

DC (MAX)

Maximum Duty Cycle

DC (MIN)

Minimum Duty Cycle

BNK

Leading-edge Blanking Time

VOL

Output Voltage Low

Sink current = 20mA

VOH

Output Voltage High

Source current = 20mA 8

Rising Time

GATE = 1nF

250

Falling Time

GATE = 1nF

VCLAMP

Output Clamp Voltage

VDD = 20V

Test Condition

Min.

Typ.

Max.

Unit

200

-5-

nsec
1.5

V
V
nsec
nsec

www.sg.com.tw
Jan. 27, 2006

Product Specification

SG6848x1

Low-cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Min. Operating Voltage vs Temperature

Start-up Threshold Voltage vs Temperature
11

10.9
10.8
10.7

VDD(MIN) (V)

VTH(ON) (V)

16.8

16.6

16.4

10.6
10.5
10.4
10.3
10.2

16.2

10.1
10

16
-40

-25

-10

110

-40

125

-25

-10

110

125

Temperature (℃)

PWM Frequency vs Temperature

Start-up Current vs Temperature
65.300

10.000

65.200

FOSC (kHz)

IDD ST (uA)

8.000

6.000

4.000

2.000

65.100
65.000
64.900
64.800
64.700
64.600

0.000
-40

-25

-10

110

-40

125

-25

-10

110 125

Temperature (℃)

Green-mode min. Frequency vs Temperature

PWM Frequency vs. FB
80

15.0

FOSC (kHz)

FOSC-GREEN (kHz)

70
14.8

14.6

14.4

50
40
30
20

14.2

10
14.0
-40

-25

-10

110

125

0.6

Temperature (℃)

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.1

1.2

FB(mA)

-6-

www.sg.com.tw
Jan. 27, 2006

Product Specification

SG6848x1

Low-cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters

10uF/50V, the power-on delay TD_ON is less than 2.8S for
90VAC input.

OPERATION DESCRIPTION
The SG6848x1 devices integrate many useful
functions into one controller for low-power switching
mode power supplies. The following descriptions
highlight some of the features of the SG6848D1.

Start-up Circuitry
When the power is turned on, the input rectified
voltage, Vdc, charges the hold-up capacitor C1 via a
start-up resistor RIN. As the voltage of VDD pin reaches
the start threshold voltage VTH(ON), the SG6848x1
activates the entire power supply.
VTH(ON)

Vdc

The FB input
This pin is designed for feedback control and to
activate the green-mode function. Figure 2 is a typical
feedback circuit mainly consisting of a shunt regulator
and an opto-coupler. R1 and R2 form a voltage divider for
the output voltage regulation. R3 and C1 are adjusted for
control-loop compensation. A small-value RC filter (e.g.
RFB= 47ohm, CFB= 1nF) placed from the FB pin to GND
can increase stability. The maximum source current on the
FB pin is 2mA. The phototransistor must be capable of
sinking this current to pull the FB level down at no load.
Thus, the value of the biasing resistor Rb is determined as
follows,

RIN
TD_ON
VDD
IDDST
SG6848D1

Vo − VD − VZ
⋅ K ≥ 2mA
Rb

D1
C1

(2)

GND

where VD is the drop voltage of a photodiode, about 1.2V;
Figure 1. Power Circuit

The maximum power-on delay time is determined as
follows,

VTH ( ON ) = (Vdc − I DDST

VZ is the minimum operating voltage of the shunt
regulator. Typical value is 2.5V;
K is the current transfer rate (CTR) of the opto-coupler.
For an output voltage Vo=5V, with CTR=100%, the
maximum value of Rb is 650ohm.

TD _ ON


−
⋅ RIN ) 1 − e RIN ⋅C1  (1)



RFB

CFB
R3

where

IDDST is the start-up current of SG6848x1;
R2

TD_ON is the power-on delay time of the power
supply.
Figure 2. Feedback circuit.

Due to the low start-up current, a large RIN such as
1.5Mohm can be used. Also with a hold-up capacitor of

-7-

www.sg.com.tw
Jan. 27, 2006

Product Specification
Low-cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters

SG6848x1

Oscillator & Green Mode Operation

Built-in Slope Compensation

One external resistor, RIi, connected between RI and
GND pins is used to program the PWM frequency of the
SG6848x1. The approximated formula is:

A flyback converter can be operated in either
discontinuous current mode (DCM) or continuous current
mode (CCM). There are many advantages to operating the
converter in CCM. With the same output power, a
converter in CCM exhibits smaller peak inductor currents
than one in DCM. Therefore, a small-sized transformer
and a low-rated MOSFET can be applied. On the
secondary side of the transformer, the rms output current
of DCM can be up to twice that of CCM. Larger wire
gauge and output capacitors with larger ripple current
ratings are required. DCM operation also results in higher
output voltage spikes. A large LC filter must also be
added. Therefore, a flyback converter in CCM achieves
better performance with lower component cost.

FOSC ( KHz ) =

6650
RI ( Kohm )

(3)

The recommended FOSC is from 50 to 100KHz.

SG 6848D 1

GND

Figure 3. Setting PWM frequency
The patented green-mode function provides off-time
modulation to reduce the PWM frequency at light-load
and no-load conditions. The sink current of the FB pin
determines the green mode operation as shown in Figure 4.
At light load, the sink current of the FB pin will increase.
When the sink current is larger than 1mA, the PWM
frequency decreases in order to reduce the power
consumption of the power supply at light-load and in
no-load conditions.
For lightning surge tests, a small capacitor (not over
50pF) connected from the RI pin to GND is recommended.
This added capacitor also improves stability, especially at
light load and high input line voltage conditions.

Despite the above advantages of operating in CCM,
there is one concern–stability. Operating in CCM, the
output power is proportional to the average inductor
current, while the peak current is controlled. This causes
the well-known sub-harmonic oscillation when the PWM
duty cycle exceeds 50%. Adding slope compensation
(reducing the current-loop gain) is an effective way to
prevent this oscillation. The SG6848x1 introduces a
synchronized positive-going ramp (VSLOPE) in every
switching cycle to stabilize the current loop. The sensed
voltage together with this slope compensation signal
(VSLOPE) is fed into the non-inverting input of the PWM
comparator. The resulting voltage is compared with the
FB signal to adjust the PWM duty cycle, such that the
output voltage is regulated. Therefore, users can use the
SG6848x1 to design a cost-effective, highly efficient and
compact sized flyback power supply operating in CCM
without adding any external components.
The positive ramp added is,

f (kHz)
FOSC

VSLOPE = VSL ⋅ D

(4)

where
VSL = 0.33V;

FOSC
5

D = Duty cycle
IN

Figure 4. PWM frequency vs. FB current.

-8-

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Jan. 27, 2006

Product Specification

SG6848x1

Low-cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters

Constant Output Power Limit
The maximum output power of a flyback converter
can generally be determined from the current-sense
resistor RS. When the load increases, the peak inductor
current increases accordingly. When the output current
arrives at the protection value, the OCP comparator
dominates the current control loop. OCP occurs when the
current-sense voltage reaches the threshold value. The
output GATE driver is turned off after a small propagation
delay, td. The delay time results in unequal power-limit
level under universal input. In the SG6848x1, a saw-tooth
power-limiter is designed to solve the unequal
power-limit problem. As shown in Figure 5, the power
limiter is designed as a positive ramp signal and is fed to
the inverting input of the OCP comparator. This results in
a lower current limit at high-line inputs than at low-line
inputs. However, with fixed propagation delay, td, the
peak primary current would be the same for various line
input voltages. Therefore the maximum output power can
practically be limited to a constant value within a wide
input voltage range without adding any external circuitry.

UVLO level of the SG6848x1, the power supply will
enter hiccup operation mode and hence limit the output
power. However, it is possible that the VDD voltage
remains higher than the UVLO level even if the output is
shorted. This happens when the coupling between the aux
and the primary winding is too good. Therefore, the
construction of the transformer becomes a dominant
factor. The recommended construction layout is to
increase the insulation thickness for the aux winding and
place the primary aux winding in one side of the bobbin.
For low output voltage applications, using a low dropout
voltage diode and a larger secondary winding also helps.
One side
Primary aux winding

Primary main winding

Increased thickness

Secondary winding
Primary main winding

Figure 6. Transformer construction
toff

ton

VTH,FLT

Leading-Edge Blanking
VTH,VALLEY
High line
sense voltage

Low line
sense voltage

0
T1
T2

Figure 5. Constant power limit compensation

A voltage signal proportional to the MOSFET
current develops on the current-sensing resistor, RS. Each
time the MOSFET is turned on, a spike, which is induced
by the diode reverse recovery and by the output
capacitances of the MOSFET and diode, inevitably
appears on the sensed signal. Inside the SG6848x1, a
leading-edge blanking time of about 200 nsec. is
introduced to avoid premature termination of the
MOSFET by the spike. Therefore, only a small-value RC
filter (e.g. 100ohm + 470pF) is required between the
SENSE pin and RS. Still, a non-inductive resistor for the
RS is recommended.

Short Circuit Protection
When the output of a flyback power supply is shorted,
the primary VDD will decrease due to the coupling
polarity between the aux winding and the secondary
winding of a transformer. When VDD drops below the
© System General Corp.
Version 1.3(IAO33.0002.B4)

-9-

www.sg.com.tw
Jan. 27, 2006

Product Specification
Low-cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters

SG6848x1

Lab Note
Before reworking or soldering/de-soldering on the
power supply, it is suggested to discharge the primary
capacitors by an external bleeding resistor. Otherwise the
PWM IC may be destroyed by external high voltage
during soldering or de-soldering.

SG6848D1
Gate
Blanking
Circuit

Sense

This device is sensitive to ESD discharge. To
improve the production yield, the production line should
be ESD protected in accordance to ANSI ESD S1.1, ESD
S1.4, ESD S7.1, ESD STM 12.1, and EOS/ESD S6.1.

Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout
Figure 7. Turn on spike

Gate Drive
The SG6848x1’s output stage is a fast totem pole
driver that can drive a MOSFET gate directly. It is also
equipped with a voltage clamping Zener diode to protect
the MOSFET from damage caused by undesirable
over-drive voltage. The output voltage is clamped at 15V.
An internal pull-down resistor is used to avoid a floating
state of the gate before startup. A gate drive resistor in the
range of 47 to 100ohm is recommended. This resistor
limits the peak gate drive current and provides damping to
prevent oscillations at the MOSFET gate terminal.

VDD

In order to get better EMI performance and reduce
line frequency ripples, the output of the bridge rectifier
should be connected to capacitor C1 first, and then to the
switching circuits.
The high frequency current loop is in C1 –
Transformer – MOSFET – RS – C1. The area enclosed
by this current loop should be as small as possible. Keep
the traces (especially 4→1) short, direct, and wide. High
voltage traces related to the drain of the MOSFET and the
RCD snubber should be kept far way from control circuits
to prevent unnecessary interference. If a heatsink is used
for the MOSFET, it’s better to connect this heatsink to a
ground.
As indicated by 3, the ground of control circuits
should be connected first before any other circuitry.

ON/OFF
Driver

High frequency switching current/voltage makes
PCB layout a very important design issue. Good PCB
layout minimizes excessive EMI and helps the power
supply survive during surge/ESD tests. Here, we give
some common guidelines:

15V
Gate

As indicated by 2, the area enclosed by the
transformer aux winding, D1, and C2 should also be
kept small. Place C2 close to the SG6848x1 for good
decoupling.

SG6848D1

Figure 8. Gate drive

Two suggestions for ground connections, with
different pro and cons, are offered.

- 10 -

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Jan. 27, 2006

Product Specification

SG6848x1

Low-cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters
GND3 → 2 → 4 → 1: This should avoid common
impedance interference for the sense signal.

high frequency impedance and help increase ESD
immunity.

GND3→2→1→4: This should be better for ESD
tests, where the earth ground is not available on the power
supply. Regarding the ESD discharge path, the charges go
from secondary through the transformer’s stray
capacitance to GND2 first. Then the charge goes from
GND2 to GND1 and back to the mains. It should be noted
that control circuits should not be placed in the discharge
path. Point discharges for common choke can decrease the

Should a Y-cap between primary and secondary be
required, it is suggested to connect this Y-cap to the
positive terminal of C1 (Vdc). If this Y-cap is connected
to the primary GND, it should be connected to the
negative terminal of C1 (GND1) directly. The Point
discharge of this Y-cap also helps with ESD. However,
the distance between these two points should be at least
5mm according to safety requirements.

RIN

Vdc

C1
Common mode
choke

VDD

2
RI
CI
RFB

Gate
SG6848D1

Sense
FB

CFB

GND

Y-cap

Figure 9. Layout considerations

- 11 -

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Jan. 27, 2006

Product Specification

SG6848x1

Low-cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters

REFERENCE CIRCUIT
Circuit 5V/1A
F1

CX1

BD1

2 -

+ 4

R1
C2

R10
8
5

GATE

VDD

SENSE

GND

C7
C8

U1
1

1,2

GND

3,4

R9
R8
+

D2
1

R11

C4
U2
1

R13
R14

C10

CY1

R12

BOM
Reference

Component

Reference

Component

BD1

BD 1A/500V

10uH 6mm

CX1

(Optional) XC 0.1uF

MOSFET 1A/600V

CY1

(Optional) YC 102P/400V (Y1)

R1, R2

R 750KΩ 1206

EC 10uF/400V 105℃

R4, R3

R 47KΩ 1206

CC 103P/500V

R 47Ω 1206

CC 102P/500V

R 4.7Ω 1206

EC 10u/50V

R 100Ω 0805

CC 472P 0805

R8
R10

R 10Ω 1206

(Optional) CC 102P/100V 1206

(Optional) R 10Ω 1206

EC 470u/10V 105℃

EC 220u/10V 105℃

R11

R 100Ω 1/8W

C10

CC 222P 0805

R12

R 33KΩ 0805

R 100KΩ 0805

Diode FRI07

R13

R 33KΩ 1/8W

Diode FR102

R14

R 4.7KΩ 0805

D4
D5

Diode SB360
(Optional) ZD 6.8V 0.5W

EE-16

IC SG6848D1

R 1Ω/0.5W

PC817

20mH 6*8mm

TL431

- 12 -

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Jan. 27, 2006

Product Specification

SG6848x1

Low-cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters

PACKAGE INFORMATION
8 PINS - DIP (D)
D

Θ°

L
b1
e

Dimensions

Symbol

Millimeters
Min.
Typ.

A
0.381

3.175

3.302

3.429

0.125

9.271

6.223

6.350

0.130

0.135

0.060
0.018
10.160

0.355

7.620

e
L

0.210

0.457
9.017

Max.

0.015
1.524

Typ.

5.334

Inches
Min.

Max.

0.365

0.400

0.300
6.477

0.245

2.540

0.250

0.255

0.100

2.921

3.302

3.810

0.115

0.130

0.150

8.509

9.017

9.525

0.335

0.355

0.375

θ˚

0˚

7˚

15˚

0˚

7˚

15˚

- 13 -

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Jan. 27, 2006

Product Specification

SG6848x1

Low-cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters

6PINS - SOT (T)
D

Detail A

b
4

1
R
R

θ
A

L
A1

L1
1

Detail A

Dimensions
Symbol

Millimeters
Min.
Typ.

Inches
Min.

Max.

Typ.

Max.

1.45

0.057

0.15

0.006

0.90

0.30

0.08

1.15

1.30

0.036

0.50

0.011

0.22

0.003

2.90

0.045

0.009
0.114

2.80

0.110

1.60

0.063

0.95

0.037

1.90

0.075

0.30

0.60

0.020

0.60

L2
R

0.45

0.051
0.020

0.018

0.024

0.25

0.010

0.10

0.004

0.10

0.25

0.004

θ°

0°

4°

8°

0°

4°

8°

θ1°

5°

10°

15°

5°

10°

15°

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www.sg.com.tw
Jan. 27, 2006

Product Specification
Low-cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters

SG6848x1

DISCLAIMERS
LIFE SUPPORT
System General’s products are not designed to be used as components in devices intended to support or sustain
human life. Use of System General’s products in components intended for surgical implant into the body, or other
applications in which failure of System General’s products could create a situation where personal death or injury may
occur, is not authorized without the express written approval of System General’s Chief Executive Officer. System
General will not be held liable for any damages or claims resulting from the use of its products in medical applications.

MILITARY
System General's products are not designed for use in military applications. Use of System General’s products in
military applications is not authorized without the express written approval of System General’s Chief Executive Officer.
System General will not be held liable for any damages or claims resulting from the use of its products in military
applications.

RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES
System General reserves the right to change this document and/or this product without notice. Customers are advised
to consult their System General sales representative before ordering.

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www.sg.com.tw
Jan. 27, 2006

www.s-manuals.com

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