Thermistor Selection Guide For Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges 45 Slua621
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Application Report SLUA621 – September 2011 Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges Teruyuki Iida – Team Leader of Design and Engineering Group Ceramics Plant, Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Keisuke Kumano – Manager of Sales Development Group, Mitsubishi Materials Corporation. Keith Keller – Power Management Analog Field Applications, Texas Instruments ABSTRACT Accurate temperature measurement of Lithium-ion battery cell is essential for proper safety and operation of your battery design. This application note discusses the use of several different types of thermistors with Texas Instruments (TI) advanced battery fuel gauges with reference to application note literature number: SLUA398. Mitsubishi Materials Corporation (MMTL) offers various Thermistors to accommodate each cell type. Precise temperature testing was run by MMTL using TI standard Evaluation Modules (EVM) for three different types of Thermistors discussed in more detail below. The “B Value” of each type of Thermistor is calculated and shown along with physical size and a picture of each device. For TI’s 2-4s cell battery configuration products (bq20z**), the temperature coefficient for each Thermistor is calculated using polynomial models discussed in TI Literature # SLUA398. These values are shown in section 4 below. (** tested with bq20z40, bq20z45, bq20z60, bq20z65, bq20z70, bq20z75, bq20z80, bq20z90, bq20z95 series of gauges) For some of TI’s 1s cell configuration battery fuel gauge (bq27***), the temperature coefficients are not programmable and the data sheet states the use of Semitec 103AT or equivalent. Fortunately designers have many more choices as all the thermistors reviewed in this application note are within +/-1ºC measurement over the temperature range of 0ºC to 80ºC, and better than -1.7ºC from -20 ºC to 80ºC temperature range. (*** tested with bq27410, bq27500, bq27501, bq27505, bq27510, bq27520-G1, bq27541 series of gauges) 1 Introduction This report is an application note discussing thermistor temperature accuracy using TI advance fuel gauge battery management IC’s. Calculating method of temperature coefficients and measurement results of Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Thermistors is discussed in detail. 1 SLUA621 2 Calculation of B Values for Three different Types of Thermistors Thermistor characteristics of three different types of MMTL Thermistors are shown in Table 1. The characteristic of a thermistor is defined by the resistance at 25ºC (R25) and Beta (B) Value characteristics as temperature coefficient (B25/50 or B25/85). The B Value is determined by following formula: B = ln R R0 ⎛1 1 ⎞ / ⎜⎜ − ⎟⎟ ⎝ T T0 ⎠ Where: R: resistance at absolute temperature T (K) R0: resistance at absolute temperature T0 (K) B: B Value *T (K) = t (ºC) +273.15 Table 1. Characteristics of Three Different Types of Thermistors based on Beta Value No. Resistance(R25) TH1 TH2 TH3 TI Reference 10KΩ±1% B Value B25/50 3450K±1% 3392K±1% 3370K±1% 3392K B25/85 3486K 3416K 3413K 3435K±1% Manufacturer MMTL － 2-2 MMTL Thermistor lineup Below Table 2 list three different types of Thermistors based on the characteristic Beta Value for different MMTL Thermistor part number. Table 2. Part number of MMTL Thermistor based on Beta (B) Value Characteristic Type BN25-3H103F BN35-3H103F RH16-3H103F CH25-3H103F BM22-3H103F BM38-3H103F BF05-3I103F BH30-3H103F THF5-3I103F TH05-3H103F TH03-3H103F 2 TH1 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ B Value Characters TH2 TH3 ✔ ✔ ✔ Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges ✔ ✔ SLUA621 3 Shape and Dimension for MMTL Thermistor Table 3 shows the physical dimensions and appearance for different series of MMTL Thermistors. Table 3. Series Appearance, Dimensions and B Values for MMLT Thermistor Lineup Appearance Dimensions B Value B25/50 Remark 10max BN25 Φ2.5max 3450K±1% Epoxy resin 3450K±1% Epoxy resin 3450K±1% Epoxy resin 3450K±1% Epoxy resin 3450K±1% Thermoplastic resin 3450K±1% Thermoplastic resin 3392K±1% Film type 3370K±1% Thermoplastic resin 3392K±1% Chip Thermistor 12max BN35 Φ3.3max 7max RH16 Φ1.8max 4max CH25 3.5max 2.2 1.5 BM22 7.0 2.2 3.8 3.8 BM38 7.5 2.1 1.5 4.5 BF05 8.0 0.5 4.5 3.1 2.2 BH30 9.3 3.1 0.35 THF5 0.2min 0.50 1.00 Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges 3 SLUA621 0.50 TH05 0.2min 0.50 3370K±1% Chip Thermistor 3370K±1% Chip Thermistor 1.00 0.30 TH03 0.1min 0.30 0.60 4 Calculating method of temperature coefficients by SLUA398 Coefficient calculator R-T data for each Thermistor was entered into the Thermistor Coefficient Calculator Spreadsheet and calculated suitable temperature coefficients for polynomial models as below. Details are available in Application Report Thermistor Coefficient Calculator for TI Advance Fuel Gauges. – TI Literature number SLUA398. TH1 Temp °C -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Resistance 74890 57980 45310 35720 28380 22720 18320 14880 12160 10000 8272 6881 5754 4837 4085 3466 2955 2530 2174 1876 1624 Polynomial coefficients A0=ExtCoef4 A1=ExtCoef3 A2=ExtCoef2 A3=ExtCoef1 4 TH2 Value 4024 -7842 22292 -29950 Temp °C -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 TH3 Resistance 70300 55230 43640 34690 27750 22340 18110 14770 12120 10000 8299 6924 5807 4895 4147 3531 3020 2593 2236 1935 1682 Polynomial coefficients A0=ExtCoef4 A1=ExtCoef3 A2=ExtCoef2 A3=ExtCoef1 Value 4037 -7889 22269 -29960 Temp °C -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Resistance 64790 51790 41570 33530 27110 21990 17920 14680 12090 10000 8314 6946 5832 4921 4171 3551 3036 2606 2245 1942 1686 Polynomial coefficients A0=ExtCoef4 A1=ExtCoef3 A2=ExtCoef2 A3=ExtCoef1 Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges Value 4034 -7827 22104 -30092 SLUA621 5 Measurement Conditions and Results 5-1 Evaluation Module (EVM) Measurements MMTL performed temperature test measurements with three of TI battery management EVM listed in table 4. On each of these EVMs, each of the three different types of Thermistors (based on Beta Value described in section 3) was tested. The test conditions were as follows: • Temperature range ： -20ºC to 80ºC (with 5ºC increments) • Accuracy of temperature measurement ： ±0.01ºC • Standard EVM modules thermistor was swapped out with TH1, TH2, TH3 type Thermistor shown in section 3. Table 4. Tested Texas Instruments Evaluation Modules with Thermistors bq20z45 EVM (for 2, 3 or 4 cells) See Table 5 and 7 below bq20z75 EVM (for 2, 3 or 4 cells) See Table 6 and 8 below bq27541 EVM (for single cell) See Table 9 below Figure 1. Test setup for MMTL Thermistor Testing with TI Evaluation Module Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges 5 SLUA621 5-2 Comparison of temperature measurement accuracy The following tables compare the temperature measurement accuracy of MMTL Thermistors to the TI Reference Thermistor. (1) Using SLUA398, MMTL was able to calculate suitable coefficients for MMTL Thermistors (TH1, TH2, and TH3) to fine tune the temperature measurement for the bq20z45 (Table 5) and bq20z75 (Table 6) evaluation modules. See the suitable coefficients below for each Thermistor. TH1 suitable coefficient Ext Coef ： [1, 2, 3, 4] = [-29950, 22292, -7842, 402.4] TH2 suitable coefficient Ext Coef ： [1, 2, 3, 4] = [-29960, 22269, -7889, 403.7] TH3 suitable coefficient Ext Coef ： [1, 2, 3, 4] = [-30092, 22104, -7827, 403.4] (2) Default temperature coefficients were used for all Thermistors to measure EVM Modules for bq20z45 (Table 7) and bq20z75 (Table 8). Default coefficient Ext Coef ： [1, 2, 3, 4] = [-28285, 20848, -7537, 401.2] (3) Default temperature coefficients were used for all Thermistors to measure EVM Modules for bq27541 (Table 9). 6 Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges SLUA621 5-3 Temperature Difference Data for TH1, TH2 and TH3 type MMTL Thermistors Table 5. Reference Temp. ΔT -18.45 -14.25 -9.65 -4.85 0.25 5.35 10.35 15.35 20.25 25.05 29.85 34.65 39.65 44.65 49.65 54.85 60.05 65.25 70.25 75.15 79.75 1.55 0.75 0.35 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.25 0.05 -0.15 -0.35 -0.35 -0.35 -0.35 -0.15 0.05 0.25 0.25 0.15 -0.25 TH1 Temp. ΔT -18.15 -14.05 -9.45 -4.65 0.35 5.45 10.55 15.45 20.35 25.05 29.85 34.65 39.65 44.65 49.85 54.95 60.15 65.35 70.45 75.35 79.95 TH2 Temp. ΔT 1.85 0.95 0.55 0.35 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.45 0.35 0.05 -0.15 -0.35 -0.35 -0.35 -0.15 -0.05 0.15 0.35 0.45 0.35 -0.05 -18.05 -14.15 -9.65 -4.95 0.25 5.35 10.35 15.35 20.25 25.05 29.85 34.75 39.65 44.75 49.85 55.05 60.25 65.45 70.45 75.35 79.85 TH3 Temp. ΔT 1.95 0.85 0.35 0.05 0.25 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.25 0.05 -0.15 -0.25 -0.35 -0.25 -0.15 0.05 0.25 0.45 0.45 0.35 -0.15 -18.05 -13.95 -9.55 -4.75 0.15 5.25 10.35 15.35 20.25 25.05 29.95 34.85 39.75 44.85 49.85 55.15 60.25 65.45 70.45 75.35 79.85 1.95 1.05 0.45 0.25 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.35 0.25 0.05 -0.05 -0.15 -0.25 -0.15 -0.15 0.15 0.25 0.45 0.45 0.35 -0.15 bq20z75 EV M Tem p.m easurem ent error [℃] Temp. [℃] -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 bq20z45 EVM collected data (Suitable coefficients) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5 -3.0 R eference TH1 TH2 TH3 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 T em p. [℃] Figure 2. Plotted Temperature Readings from TI bq20z45 EVM with Optimized Coefficients Note: All Thermistors performed equivalently Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges 7 SLUA621 Table 6. Temp. bq20z75 EVM collected data (Suitable coefficients) Reference Temp. [℃] TH1 ΔT Temp. TH2 ΔT Temp. TH3 ΔT Temp. ΔT -20 -18.65 1.35 -18.25 1.75 -18.25 1.75 -18.05 1.95 -15 -14.35 0.65 -14.15 0.85 -14.25 0.75 -13.95 1.05 -10 -9.75 0.25 -9.55 0.45 -9.75 0.25 -9.65 0.35 -5 -4.75 0.25 -4.55 0.45 -4.75 0.25 -4.75 0.25 0 0.35 0.35 0.25 0.25 -0.05 -0.05 0.15 0.15 5 5.25 0.25 5.35 0.35 5.25 0.25 5.05 0.05 10 10.35 0.35 10.45 0.45 10.35 0.35 10.35 0.35 15 15.25 0.25 15.45 0.45 15.35 0.35 15.25 0.25 20 20.15 0.15 20.25 0.25 20.25 0.25 20.25 0.25 25 25.05 0.05 25.05 0.05 25.05 0.05 25.05 0.05 30 29.85 -0.15 29.85 -0.15 29.85 -0.15 29.95 -0.05 35 34.65 -0.35 34.65 -0.35 34.75 -0.25 34.75 -0.25 40 39.55 -0.45 39.55 -0.45 39.65 -0.35 39.75 -0.25 45 44.55 -0.45 44.55 -0.45 44.65 -0.35 44.75 -0.25 50 49.65 -0.35 49.65 -0.35 49.75 -0.25 49.85 -0.15 55 54.85 -0.15 54.85 -0.15 54.95 -0.05 55.05 0.05 60 60.01 0.01 60.15 0.15 60.25 0.25 60.15 0.15 65 65.15 0.15 65.35 0.35 65.35 0.35 65.25 0.25 70 70.25 0.25 70.35 0.35 70.45 0.45 70.45 0.45 75 75.05 0.05 75.25 0.25 75.25 0.25 75.25 0.25 80 79.65 -0.35 79.85 -0.15 79.85 -0.15 79.75 -0.25 T em p. m easurem ent error [℃] bq20z75 EV M 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5 -3.0 R eference TH1 TH2 TH3 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 T em p. [℃] Figure 3. Plotted Temperature Readings from TI bq20z75 EVM with Optimized Coefficients Note: All Thermistors performed equivalently 8 Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges SLUA621 Table 7. Temp. bq20z45 EVM collected data (Suitable coefficients) Reference Temp. [℃] TH1 ΔT Temp. TH2 ΔT Temp. TH3 ΔT Temp. ΔT -20 -18.45 1.55 -19.45 0.55 -18.35 1.65 -17.35 2.65 -15 -14.25 0.75 -15.35 -0.35 -14.55 0.45 -13.45 1.55 -10 -9.65 0.35 -10.65 -0.65 -9.85 0.15 -9.15 0.85 -5 -4.85 0.15 -5.85 -0.85 -5.25 -0.25 -4.55 0.45 0 0.25 0.25 -0.65 -0.65 -0.15 -0.15 0.35 0.35 5 5.35 0.35 4.65 -0.35 4.95 -0.05 5.35 0.35 10 10.35 0.35 9.85 -0.15 10.15 0.15 10.45 0.45 15 15.35 0.35 15.05 0.05 15.15 0.15 15.35 0.35 20 20.25 0.25 20.05 0.05 20.15 0.15 20.35 0.35 25 25.05 0.05 25.05 0.05 25.15 0.15 25.15 0.15 30 29.85 -0.15 30.05 0.05 30.05 0.05 29.95 -0.05 35 34.65 -0.35 35.05 0.05 34.95 -0.05 34.85 -0.15 40 39.65 -0.35 40.15 0.15 39.85 -0.15 39.75 -0.25 45 44.65 -0.35 45.25 0.25 44.95 -0.05 44.85 -0.15 50 49.65 -0.35 50.35 0.35 49.95 -0.05 49.85 -0.15 55 54.85 -0.15 55.65 0.65 55.15 0.15 54.95 -0.05 60 60.05 0.05 60.85 0.85 60.25 0.25 60.05 0.05 65 65.25 0.25 66.05 1.05 65.35 0.35 65.15 0.15 70 70.25 0.25 71.05 1.05 70.25 0.25 70.15 0.15 75 75.15 0.15 75.75 0.75 74.95 -0.05 74.85 -0.15 80 79.75 -0.25 80.25 0.25 79.35 -0.65 79.25 -0.75 T em p. m easurem ent error [℃] bq20z45 EV M (D efault C oef.) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5 -3.0 R eference TH1 TH2 TH3 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 T em p. [℃] Figure 4. Plotted Temperature Readings from TI bq20z45 EVM Using Non-optimized Temperature Coefficients Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges 9 SLUA621 Table 8. Temp. bq20z75 EVM collected data (Default coefficients) Reference Temp. [℃] TH1 ΔT Temp. TH2 ΔT Temp. TH3 ΔT Temp. ΔT -20 -18.45 1.55 -19.65 0.35 -18.55 1.45 -17.35 2.65 -15 -14.25 0.75 -15.45 -0.45 -14.65 0.35 -13.45 1.55 -10 -9.65 0.35 -10.85 -0.85 -9.95 0.05 -9.15 0.85 -5 -4.85 0.15 -5.85 -0.85 -5.15 -0.15 -4.45 0.55 0 0.25 0.25 -0.65 -0.65 -0.05 -0.05 0.35 0.35 5 5.35 0.35 4.55 -0.45 4.95 -0.05 5.35 0.35 10 10.35 0.35 9.85 -0.15 10.05 0.05 10.35 0.35 15 15.35 0.35 15.05 0.05 15.15 0.15 15.25 0.25 20 20.25 0.25 20.05 0.05 20.15 0.15 20.35 0.35 25 25.05 0.05 25.05 0.05 25.05 0.05 25.15 0.15 30 29.85 -0.15 30.05 0.05 29.95 -0.05 29.95 -0.05 35 34.65 -0.35 34.95 -0.05 34.85 -0.15 34.85 -0.15 40 39.65 -0.35 40.15 0.15 39.85 -0.15 39.65 -0.35 45 44.65 -0.35 45.15 0.15 44.85 -0.15 44.75 -0.25 50 49.65 -0.35 50.35 0.35 49.95 -0.05 49.75 -0.25 55 54.85 -0.15 55.55 0.55 55.05 0.05 54.95 -0.05 60 60.05 0.05 60.85 0.85 60.25 0.25 60.05 0.05 65 65.25 0.25 65.95 0.95 65.25 0.25 65.05 0.05 70 70.25 0.25 70.95 0.95 70.15 0.15 70.05 0.05 75 75.15 0.15 75.55 0.55 74.85 -0.15 74.75 -0.25 80 79.75 -0.25 80.15 0.15 79.25 -0.75 79.25 -0.75 T em p. m easurem ent error [℃] bq20z75 EV M (D efault C oef.) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5 -3.0 R eference TH1 TH2 TH3 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 T em p. [℃] Figure 5. 10 Plotted Temperature Readings from TI bq20z75 EVM Using Non-optimized Temperature Coefficients Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges SLUA621 Table 9. bq27541 Evaluation Module Collected Data (Default coefficients) Temp. Reference Temp. [℃] TH1 ΔT Temp. TH2 ΔT Temp. TH3 ΔT Temp. ΔT -20 -19.40 0.60 -20.60 -0.60 -19.40 0.60 -18.40 1.60 -15 -15.20 -0.20 -16.40 -1.40 -15.50 -0.50 -14.40 0.60 -10 -10.60 -0.60 -11.70 -1.70 -10.70 -0.70 -10.00 0.00 -5 -5.60 -0.60 -6.60 -1.60 -5.90 -0.90 -5.30 -0.30 0 -0.50 -0.50 -1.40 -1.40 -0.80 -0.80 -0.40 -0.40 5 4.60 -0.40 4.00 -1.00 4.40 -0.60 4.80 -0.20 10 9.90 -0.10 9.50 -0.50 9.70 -0.30 10.10 0.10 15 15.10 0.10 14.80 -0.20 15.00 0.00 15.10 0.10 20 20.10 0.10 19.90 -0.10 20.00 0.00 20.10 0.10 25 25.00 0.00 25.00 0.00 25.00 0.00 25.10 0.10 30 29.90 -0.10 30.00 0.00 29.90 -0.10 29.80 -0.20 35 34.70 -0.30 34.80 -0.20 34.70 -0.30 34.60 -0.40 40 39.50 -0.50 39.80 -0.20 39.60 -0.40 39.50 -0.50 45 44.50 -0.50 44.80 -0.20 44.50 -0.50 44.40 -0.60 50 49.30 -0.70 49.80 -0.20 49.40 -0.60 49.30 -0.70 55 54.40 -0.60 54.90 -0.10 54.50 -0.50 54.30 -0.70 60 59.60 -0.40 60.30 0.30 59.70 -0.30 59.60 -0.40 65 64.80 -0.20 65.40 0.40 64.80 -0.20 64.50 -0.50 70 69.80 -0.20 70.70 0.70 69.90 -0.10 69.70 -0.30 75 74.80 -0.20 76.00 1.00 74.80 -0.20 74.70 -0.30 80 79.60 -0.40 80.60 0.60 79.60 -0.40 79.50 -0.50 T em p. m easurem ent error [℃] bq27541 EV M 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5 -3.0 R eference TH1 TH2 TH3 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 T em p. [℃] Figure 6. Plotted Temperature Readings from TI bq27541 EVM Using Default Temperature Coefficients. Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges 11 SLUA621 From Figure 6 results, note TH2 and TH3 Type Thermistor performed equivalent to reference Thermistor (within +/-1ºC measurement over the temperature range of -15ºC to 80 ºC). TH1 type Thermistors are within +/-1℃ measurement over the temperature range of 5ºC to 80 ºC, and better than -2 ºC error from -20ºC to 5ºC temperature range. 6 Conclusion This application note shows temperature measurement data for three different types of MMTL Thermistors based on different Beta Values characteristics. From this data we find that all three Thermistors types tested (TH1, TH2 and TH3) achieved similar temperature measurement results as TI reference Thermistor. For the bq20z## products with new Thermistor coefficients calculated based on SLUA398, from figures 3 and 4 we see that temperature measurement is essentially identical. For some bq27### single cell gas gauge products, default Thermistor coefficients must be used as coefficients are not programmable. From this data we see that TH2 and TH3 type Thermistors performed equivalent to reference Thermistor (within+/-1ºC measurement over the temperature range of -15ºC to 80ºC). TH1 type Thermistor is within +/-1ºC measurement over the temperature range of 5ºC to 80ºC, and better than -2ºC error from -20ºC to 5ºC temperature range. Therefore, the battery pack designer can comfortably design in any of the Thermistors reviewed in this application note. For more information on calculating thermistor coefficients, see the application note: http://www.ti.com/lit/an/slua398/slua398.pdf 12 Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All products are sold subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment. TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are used to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. 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