Thermistor Selection Guide For Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges 45 Slua621
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Application Report
SLUA621 – September 2011
1
Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments
Advanced Fuel Gauges
Teruyuki Iida – Team Leader of Design and Engineering Group Ceramics Plant, Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Keisuke
Kumano – Manager of Sales Development Group, Mitsubishi Materials Corporation.
Keith Keller – Power Management Analog Field Applications, Texas Instruments
ABSTRACT
Accurate temperature measurement of Lithium-ion battery cell is essential for proper
safety and operation of your battery design. This application note discusses the use of
several different types of thermistors with Texas Instruments (TI) advanced battery fuel
gauges with reference to application note literature number: SLUA398. Mitsubishi
Materials Corporation (MMTL) offers various Thermistors to accommodate each cell type.
Precise temperature testing was run by MMTL using TI standard Evaluation Modules
(EVM) for three different types of Thermistors discussed in more detail below. The “B
Value” of each type of Thermistor is calculated and shown along with physical size and a
picture of each device.
For TI’s 2-4s cell battery configuration products (bq20z**), the temperature coefficient for
each Thermistor is calculated using polynomial models discussed in TI Literature #
SLUA398. These values are shown in section 4 below.
(** tested with bq20z40, bq20z45, bq20z60, bq20z65, bq20z70, bq20z75, bq20z80, bq20z90, bq20z95 series of gauges)
For some of TI’s 1s cell configuration battery fuel gauge (bq27***), the temperature
coefficients are not programmable and the data sheet states the use of Semitec 103AT or
equivalent. Fortunately designers have many more choices as all the thermistors reviewed
in this application note are within +/-1ºC measurement over the temperature range of 0ºC
to 80ºC, and better than -1.7ºC from -20 ºC to 80ºC temperature range.
(*** tested with bq27410, bq27500, bq27501, bq27505, bq27510, bq27520-G1, bq27541 series of gauges)
1 Introduction
This report is an application note discussing thermistor temperature accuracy using TI
advance fuel gauge battery management IC’s. Calculating method of temperature
coefficients and measurement results of Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Thermistors is
discussed in detail.
SLUA621
2 Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges
2 Calculation of B Values for Three different Types of Thermistors
Thermistor characteristics of three different types of MMTL Thermistors are shown in Table 1.
The characteristic of a thermistor is defined by the resistance at 25ºC (R25) and Beta (B) Value
characteristics as temperature coefficient (B25/50 or B25/85). The B Value is determined by
following formula:
Where:
R: resistance at absolute temperature T (K)
R0: resistance at absolute temperature T0 (K)
B: B Value
*T (K) = t (ºC) +273.15
Table 1. Characteristics of Three Different Types of Thermistors based on Beta Value
B Value
No. Resistance(R25)
B25/85 B25/50 Manufacturer
TH1 3486K 3450K±1%
TH2 3416K 3392K±1%
TH3 3413K 3370K±1%
MMTL
TI Reference
10KΩ±1%
3435K±1% 3392K －
2-2 MMTL Thermistor lineup
Below Table 2 list three different types of Thermistors based on the characteristic Beta Value for
different MMTL Thermistor part number.
Table 2. Part number of MMTL Thermistor based on Beta (B) Value Characteristic
B Value Characters
Type TH1 TH2 TH3
BN25-3H103F ✔
BN35-3H103F ✔
RH16-3H103F ✔
CH25-3H103F ✔
BM22-3H103F ✔
BM38-3H103F ✔
BF05-3I103F ✔
BH30-3H103F ✔
THF5-3I103F ✔
TH05-3H103F ✔
TH03-3H103F ✔
⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜
⎜
⎝
⎛−=
00
11
/ln TTR
R
B
SLUA621
Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges 3
3 Shape and Dimension for MMTL Thermistor
Table 3 shows the physical dimensions and appearance for different series of MMTL
Thermistors.
Table 3. Appearance, Dimensions and B Values for MMLT Thermistor Lineup
Series Appearance Dimensions B Value
B25/50 Remark
BN25
3450K±1% Epoxy resin
BN35
3450K±1% Epoxy resin
RH16
3450K±1% Epoxy resin
CH25
3450K±1% Epoxy resin
BM22
3450K±1% Thermoplastic resin
BM38
3450K±1% Thermoplastic resin
BF05
3392K±1% Film type
BH30
3370K±1% Thermoplastic resin
THF5
3392K±1% Chip Thermistor
12max
Φ3.3max
7max
Φ1.8max
4max
3.5max
2.2
1.5
7.0 2.2
3.8
1.5
7.5 2.1
3.8
4.5
0.5
8.0 4.5
3.1
2.2
9.3 3.1
10max
Φ2.5max
0.35
1.00
0.50
0.2min
SLUA621
4 Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges
TH05
3370K±1% Chip Thermistor
TH03
3370K±1% Chip Thermistor
4 Calculating method of temperature coefficients by SLUA398
Coefficient calculator
R-T data for each Thermistor was entered into the Thermistor Coefficient Calculator
Spreadsheet and calculated suitable temperature coefficients for polynomial models as below.
Details are available in Application Report Thermistor Coefficient Calculator for TI Advance Fuel
Gauges. – TI Literature number SLUA398.
TH1 TH2 TH3
0.50
1.00
0.50
0.2min
0.30
0.60
0.30
0.1min
Temp °C Resistance
-20 74890
-15 57980
-10 45310
-5 35720
0 28380
5 22720
10 18320
15 14880
20 12160
25 10000
30 8272
35 6881
40 5754
45 4837
50 4085
55 3466
60 2955
65 2530
70 2174
75 1876
80 1624
Temp °C Resistance
-20 70300
-15 55230
-10 43640
-5 34690
0 27750
5 22340
10 18110
15 14770
20 12120
25 10000
30 8299
35 6924
40 5807
45 4895
50 4147
55 3531
60 3020
65 2593
70 2236
75 1935
80 1682
Temp °C Resistance
-20 64790
-15 51790
-10 41570
-5 33530
0 27110
5 21990
10 17920
15 14680
20 12090
25 10000
30 8314
35 6946
40 5832
45 4921
50 4171
55 3551
60 3036
65 2606
70 2245
75 1942
80 1686
Polynomial coefficients Value
A0=ExtCoef4 4024
A1=ExtCoef3 -7842
A2=ExtCoef2 22292
A3=ExtCoef1 -29950
Polynomial coefficients Value
A0=ExtCoef4 4037
A1=ExtCoef3 -7889
A2=ExtCoef2 22269
A3=ExtCoef1 -29960
Polynomial coefficients Value
A0=ExtCoef4 4034
A1=ExtCoef3 -7827
A2=ExtCoef2 22104
A3=ExtCoef1 -30092
SLUA621
Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges 5
5 Measurement Conditions and Results
5-1 Evaluation Module (EVM) Measurements
MMTL performed temperature test measurements with three of TI battery management EVM
listed in table 4. On each of these EVMs, each of the three different types of Thermistors (based
on Beta Value described in section 3) was tested. The test conditions were as follows:
• Temperature range ： -20ºC to 80ºC (with 5ºC increments)
• Accuracy of temperature measurement ： ±0.01ºC
• Standard EVM modules thermistor was swapped out with TH1, TH2, TH3 type Thermistor
shown in section 3.
Table 4. Tested Texas Instruments Evaluation Modules with Thermistors
bq20z45 EVM (for 2, 3 or 4 cells) See Table 5 and 7 below
bq20z75 EVM (for 2, 3 or 4 cells) See Table 6 and 8 below
bq27541 EVM (for single cell) See Table 9 below
Figure 1. Test setup for MMTL Thermistor Testing with TI Evaluation Module
SLUA621
6 Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges
5-2 Comparison of temperature measurement accuracy
The following tables compare the temperature measurement accuracy of MMTL Thermistors to
the TI Reference Thermistor.
(1) Using SLUA398, MMTL was able to calculate suitable coefficients for MMTL Thermistors
(TH1, TH2, and TH3) to fine tune the temperature measurement for the bq20z45 (Table 5) and
bq20z75 (Table 6) evaluation modules. See the suitable coefficients below for each Thermistor.
TH1 suitable coefficient Ext Coef ： [1, 2, 3, 4] = [-29950, 22292, -7842, 402.4]
TH2 suitable coefficient Ext Coef ： [1, 2, 3, 4] = [-29960, 22269, -7889, 403.7]
TH3 suitable coefficient Ext Coef ： [1, 2, 3, 4] = [-30092, 22104, -7827, 403.4]
(2) Default temperature coefficients were used for all Thermistors to measure EVM Modules for
bq20z45 (Table 7) and bq20z75 (Table 8).
Default coefficient Ext Coef ： [1, 2, 3, 4] = [-28285, 20848, -7537, 401.2]
(3) Default temperature coefficients were used for all Thermistors to measure EVM Modules for
bq27541 (Table 9).
SLUA621
Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges 7
5-3 Temperature Difference Data for TH1, TH2 and TH3 type MMTL Thermistors
Table 5. bq20z45 EVM collected data (Suitable coefficients)
Temp. Reference TH1 TH2 TH3
[℃] Temp. ΔT Temp. ΔT Temp. ΔT Temp. ΔT
-20 -18.45 1.55 -18.15 1.85 -18.05 1.95 -18.05 1.95
-15 -14.25 0.75 -14.05 0.95 -14.15 0.85 -13.95 1.05
-10 -9.65 0.35 -9.45 0.55 -9.65 0.35 -9.55 0.45
-5 -4.85 0.15 -4.65 0.35 -4.95 0.05 -4.75 0.25
0 0.25 0.25 0.35 0.35 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.15
5 5.35 0.35 5.45 0.45 5.35 0.35 5.25 0.25
10 10.35 0.35 10.55 0.55 10.35 0.35 10.35 0.35
15 15.35 0.35 15.45 0.45 15.35 0.35 15.35 0.35
20 20.25 0.25 20.35 0.35 20.25 0.25 20.25 0.25
25 25.05 0.05 25.05 0.05 25.05 0.05 25.05 0.05
30 29.85 -0.15 29.85 -0.15 29.85 -0.15 29.95 -0.05
35 34.65 -0.35 34.65 -0.35 34.75 -0.25 34.85 -0.15
40 39.65 -0.35 39.65 -0.35 39.65 -0.35 39.75 -0.25
45 44.65 -0.35 44.65 -0.35 44.75 -0.25 44.85 -0.15
50 49.65 -0.35 49.85 -0.15 49.85 -0.15 49.85 -0.15
55 54.85 -0.15 54.95 -0.05 55.05 0.05 55.15 0.15
60 60.05 0.05 60.15 0.15 60.25 0.25 60.25 0.25
65 65.25 0.25 65.35 0.35 65.45 0.45 65.45 0.45
70 70.25 0.25 70.45 0.45 70.45 0.45 70.45 0.45
75 75.15 0.15 75.35 0.35 75.35 0.35 75.35 0.35
80 79.75 -0.25 79.95 -0.05 79.85 -0.15 79.85 -0.15
bq20z75 EV M
-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Tem p. [℃ ]
Tem p. m e asu re m e n t e rro r [℃]
Reference
TH1
TH2
TH3
Figure 2. Plotted Temperature Readings from TI bq20z45 EVM
with Optimized Coefficients
Note: All Thermistors performed equivalently
SLUA621
8 Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges
Table 6. bq20z75 EVM collected data (Suitable coefficients)
Temp. Reference TH1 TH2 TH3
[℃] Temp. ΔT Temp. ΔT Temp. ΔT Temp. ΔT
-20 -18.65 1.35 -18.25 1.75 -18.25 1.75 -18.05 1.95
-15 -14.35 0.65 -14.15 0.85 -14.25 0.75 -13.95 1.05
-10 -9.75 0.25 -9.55 0.45 -9.75 0.25 -9.65 0.35
-5 -4.75 0.25 -4.55 0.45 -4.75 0.25 -4.75 0.25
0 0.15 0.15 0.35 0.35 0.25 0.25 -0.05 -0.05
5 5.25 0.25 5.35 0.35 5.25 0.25 5.05 0.05
10 10.35 0.35 10.45 0.45 10.35 0.35 10.35 0.35
15 15.25 0.25 15.45 0.45 15.35 0.35 15.25 0.25
20 20.15 0.15 20.25 0.25 20.25 0.25 20.25 0.25
25 25.05 0.05 25.05 0.05 25.05 0.05 25.05 0.05
30 29.85 -0.15 29.85 -0.15 29.85 -0.15 29.95 -0.05
35 34.65 -0.35 34.65 -0.35 34.75 -0.25 34.75 -0.25
40 39.55 -0.45 39.55 -0.45 39.65 -0.35 39.75 -0.25
45 44.55 -0.45 44.55 -0.45 44.65 -0.35 44.75 -0.25
50 49.65 -0.35 49.65 -0.35 49.75 -0.25 49.85 -0.15
55 54.85 -0.15 54.85 -0.15 54.95 -0.05 55.05 0.05
60 60.01 0.01 60.15 0.15 60.25 0.25 60.15 0.15
65 65.15 0.15 65.35 0.35 65.35 0.35 65.25 0.25
70 70.25 0.25 70.35 0.35 70.45 0.45 70.45 0.45
75 75.05 0.05 75.25 0.25 75.25 0.25 75.25 0.25
80 79.65 -0.35 79.85 -0.15 79.85 -0.15 79.75 -0.25
bq20z75 EVM
-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Tem
p
.
[
℃
]
Tem p. m e asu re m e n t e rro r [℃ ]
Reference
TH1
TH2
TH3
Figure 3. Plotted Temperature Readings from TI bq20z75 EVM
with Optimized Coefficients
Note: All Thermistors performed equivalently
SLUA621
Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges 9
Table 7. bq20z45 EVM collected data (Suitable coefficients)
Temp. Reference TH1 TH2 TH3
[℃] Temp. ΔT Temp. ΔT Temp. ΔT Temp. ΔT
-20 -18.45 1.55 -19.45 0.55 -18.35 1.65 -17.35 2.65
-15 -14.25 0.75 -15.35 -0.35 -14.55 0.45 -13.45 1.55
-10 -9.65 0.35
-10.65 -0.65 -9.85 0.15 -9.15 0.85
-5 -4.85 0.15 -5.85 -0.85 -5.25 -0.25 -4.55 0.45
0 0.25 0.25
-0.65 -0.65 -0.15 -0.15 0.35 0.35
5 5.35 0.35 4.65 -0.35 4.95 -0.05 5.35 0.35
10 10.35 0.35 9.85 -0.15 10.15 0.15 10.45 0.45
15 15.35 0.35 15.05 0.05 15.15 0.15 15.35 0.35
20 20.25 0.25 20.05 0.05 20.15 0.15 20.35 0.35
25 25.05 0.05 25.05 0.05 25.15 0.15 25.15 0.15
30 29.85 -0.15 30.05 0.05 30.05 0.05 29.95 -0.05
35 34.65 -0.35 35.05 0.05 34.95 -0.05 34.85 -0.15
40 39.65 -0.35 40.15 0.15 39.85 -0.15 39.75 -0.25
45 44.65 -0.35 45.25 0.25 44.95 -0.05 44.85 -0.15
50 49.65 -0.35 50.35 0.35 49.95 -0.05 49.85 -0.15
55 54.85 -0.15 55.65 0.65 55.15 0.15 54.95 -0.05
60 60.05 0.05 60.85 0.85 60.25 0.25 60.05 0.05
65 65.25 0.25 66.05 1.05 65.35 0.35 65.15 0.15
70 70.25 0.25 71.05 1.05 70.25 0.25 70.15 0.15
75 75.15 0.15 75.75 0.75 74.95 -0.05 74.85 -0.15
80 79.75 -0.25 80.25 0.25 79.35 -0.65 79.25 -0.75
bq20z45 EVM (Default C o e f.)
-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Tem
p
.
[
℃
]
Tem p. m e asu re m e n t e rro r [℃ ]
Reference
TH1
TH2
TH3
Figure 4. Plotted Temperature Readings from TI bq20z45 EVM
Using Non-optimized Temperature Coefficients
SLUA621
10 Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges
Table 8. bq20z75 EVM collected data (Default coefficients)
Temp. Reference TH1 TH2 TH3
[℃] Temp. ΔT Temp. ΔT Temp. ΔT Temp. ΔT
-20 -18.45 1.55 -19.65 0.35 -18.55 1.45 -17.35 2.65
-15 -14.25 0.75 -15.45 -0.45 -14.65 0.35 -13.45 1.55
-10 -9.65 0.35
-10.85 -0.85 -9.95 0.05 -9.15 0.85
-5 -4.85 0.15 -5.85 -0.85 -5.15 -0.15 -4.45 0.55
0 0.25 0.25
-0.65 -0.65 -0.05 -0.05 0.35 0.35
5 5.35 0.35 4.55 -0.45 4.95 -0.05 5.35 0.35
10 10.35 0.35 9.85 -0.15 10.05 0.05 10.35 0.35
15 15.35 0.35 15.05 0.05 15.15 0.15 15.25 0.25
20 20.25 0.25 20.05 0.05 20.15 0.15 20.35 0.35
25 25.05 0.05 25.05 0.05 25.05 0.05 25.15 0.15
30 29.85 -0.15 30.05 0.05 29.95 -0.05 29.95 -0.05
35 34.65 -0.35 34.95 -0.05 34.85 -0.15 34.85 -0.15
40 39.65 -0.35 40.15 0.15 39.85 -0.15 39.65 -0.35
45 44.65 -0.35 45.15 0.15 44.85 -0.15 44.75 -0.25
50 49.65 -0.35 50.35 0.35 49.95 -0.05 49.75 -0.25
55 54.85 -0.15 55.55 0.55 55.05 0.05 54.95 -0.05
60 60.05 0.05 60.85 0.85 60.25 0.25 60.05 0.05
65 65.25 0.25 65.95 0.95 65.25 0.25 65.05 0.05
70 70.25 0.25 70.95 0.95 70.15 0.15 70.05 0.05
75 75.15 0.15 75.55 0.55 74.85 -0.15 74.75 -0.25
80 79.75 -0.25 80.15 0.15 79.25 -0.75 79.25 -0.75
bq20z75 EVM (Default C o e f.)
-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Tem p. [℃ ]
Tem p. m e asu re m e n t e rro r [℃]
Reference
TH1
TH2
TH3
Figure 5. Plotted Temperature Readings from TI bq20z75 EVM
Using Non-optimized Temperature Coefficients
SLUA621
Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges 11
Table 9. bq27541 Evaluation Module Collected Data (Default coefficients)
Temp. Reference TH1 TH2 TH3
[℃] Temp. ΔT Temp. ΔT Temp. ΔT Temp. ΔT
-20 -19.40 0.60 -20.60 -0.60 -19.40 0.60 -18.40 1.60
-15 -15.20 -0.20 -16.40 -1.40 -15.50 -0.50 -14.40 0.60
-10 -10.60 -0.60 -11.70 -1.70 -10.70 -0.70 -10.00 0.00
-5 -5.60 -0.60 -6.60 -1.60 -5.90 -0.90 -5.30 -0.30
0 -0.50 -0.50 -1.40 -1.40 -0.80 -0.80 -0.40 -0.40
5 4.60 -0.40 4.00 -1.00 4.40 -0.60 4.80 -0.20
10 9.90 -0.10 9.50 -0.50 9.70 -0.30 10.10 0.10
15 15.10 0.10 14.80 -0.20 15.00 0.00 15.10 0.10
20 20.10 0.10 19.90 -0.10 20.00 0.00 20.10 0.10
25 25.00 0.00 25.00 0.00 25.00 0.00 25.10 0.10
30 29.90 -0.10 30.00 0.00 29.90 -0.10 29.80 -0.20
35 34.70 -0.30 34.80 -0.20 34.70 -0.30 34.60 -0.40
40 39.50 -0.50 39.80 -0.20 39.60 -0.40 39.50 -0.50
45 44.50 -0.50 44.80 -0.20 44.50 -0.50 44.40 -0.60
50 49.30 -0.70 49.80 -0.20 49.40 -0.60 49.30 -0.70
55 54.40 -0.60 54.90 -0.10 54.50 -0.50 54.30 -0.70
60 59.60 -0.40 60.30 0.30 59.70 -0.30 59.60 -0.40
65 64.80 -0.20 65.40 0.40 64.80 -0.20 64.50 -0.50
70 69.80 -0.20 70.70 0.70 69.90 -0.10 69.70 -0.30
75 74.80 -0.20 76.00 1.00 74.80 -0.20 74.70 -0.30
80 79.60 -0.40 80.60 0.60 79.60 -0.40 79.50 -0.50
bq27541 EVM
-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Tem
p
.
[
℃
]
Tem p. m e a s u re m e n t e rro r [℃ ]
Reference
TH1
TH2
TH3
Figure 6. Plotted Temperature Readings from TI bq27541 EVM
Using Default Temperature Coefficients.
SLUA621
12 Thermistor Selection Guide for Texas Instruments Advanced Fuel Gauges
From Figure 6 results, note TH2 and TH3 Type Thermistor performed equivalent to reference
Thermistor (within +/-1ºC measurement over the temperature range of -15ºC to 80 ºC). TH1
type Thermistors are within +/-1℃ measurement over the temperature range of 5ºC to 80 ºC,
and better than -2 ºC error from -20ºC to 5ºC temperature range.
6 Conclusion
This application note shows temperature measurement data for three different types of MMTL
Thermistors based on different Beta Values characteristics. From this data we find that all three
Thermistors types tested (TH1, TH2 and TH3) achieved similar temperature measurement
results as TI reference Thermistor.
For the bq20z## products with new Thermistor coefficients calculated based on SLUA398, from
figures 3 and 4 we see that temperature measurement is essentially identical.
For some bq27### single cell gas gauge products, default Thermistor coefficients must be used
as coefficients are not programmable. From this data we see that TH2 and TH3 type
Thermistors performed equivalent to reference Thermistor (within+/-1ºC measurement over the
temperature range of -15ºC to 80ºC). TH1 type Thermistor is within +/-1ºC measurement over
the temperature range of 5ºC to 80ºC, and better than -2ºC error from -20ºC to 5ºC temperature
range.
Therefore, the battery pack designer can comfortably design in any of the Thermistors reviewed
in this application note.
For more information on calculating thermistor coefficients, see the application note:
http://www.ti.com/lit/an/slua398/slua398.pdf
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