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Chapter 12

Captured Enemy Ammunition

This chapter discusses organizations that have an interest in CEA

reporting procedures and unit responsibilities. The management of CEA

is an integral part of the TECHINT mission. It supports the tactical

commander's effort to fight and win the battle. Evaluation of CEA

provides valuable data to the commander that helps in countering the

enemy's technological advantage. Exploitation of CEA and TECHINT

reporting is a major part of the all-source intelligence effort. It involves

everyone from the individual soldier to policy makers and all levels of

command. Often, the TECHINT process begins when one soldier finds

something new on the battlefield and takes steps to report it. The

information or CEA is evaluated and frequently exploited at progressively

higher levels until a countermeasure is produced to neutralize the enemy

advantage.

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

12-1. In the 1920s, Germany developed weapons and weapon systems that

would be used against the allies in the 1940s. The allied nations did not

include TECHINT in intelligence collection efforts. As a result, German

scientific and technical advances went largely unnoticed. By the time

information did come to light and was made available to Washington and

London, it was ignored. These weapons were used during World War II with

devastating results.

WORLD WAR II

12-2. During the air battle for Europe, the British used TECHINT to counter

the German antiaircraft and night fighter defenses. They did this by

exploiting captured aircraft radios and a captured radar station. This

collection led to the publishing of new technical material, to include the

following:

.Technical manuals and handbooks on enemy weapons.

Training aids.

Updates to handbooks on the German and Italian armies.

.

.

The US started a successful TECHINT program in the fall of 1943, but

abandoned the program immediately after the war.

KOREAN WAR

12-3. At the beginning of the Korean War, the US finally discovered it had

little hard data on enemy weapon systems. The DOD realized that TECHINT

had to be ongoing if effective countermeasures were to be developed. Once

again, TECHINT was established.

12-1

FM 4-30.13

VIETNAM WAR

12-4. During the Vietnam War, the Captured Materiel Exploitation Center

was established. Its mission was to manage and coordinate analysis of CEE

and technical documents. The CMEC dispatched teams of experts and

analysts into the tactical zone of each corps to evaluate and exploit captured

items.

GULF WAR

12-5. During the Gulf War, coalition forces and the US Army captured a

tremendous amount of enemy munitions. The US was faced with the dilemma

of how to handle and dispose of these munitions. While CEA doctrine and

procedures were briefly mentioned in several documents, thorough, concise

procedures were not available.

TECHINT MISSION

12-6. The TECHINT mission is the end product of a complex process that

involves collecting, analyzing, and processing information on foreign

technology and CEM. It is also the result of studying the performance of

foreign materiel, including munitions and their operational capabilities.

Foreign materiel encompasses the following:

.Weapon systems.

Equipment.

Apparatus.

Documents.

Technology.

Munitions.

Supplies of a foreign military force or nonmilitary organization.

.

.

.

.

.

.

12-7. Like other intelligence disciplines, TECHINT guards against surprise in

war or SASO. It provides several distinct types of input to the all-source

intelligence product, as follows:

.

Assessment of capabilities and vulnerabilities of enemy weapon

systems.

Warnings of changes in enemy tactics due to new or changing

technology .

Countermeasures.

.

.

12-8. The TECHINT system has two parts within DOD. The first is the S&TI

community, which concentrates on decision-making and the TECHINT

requirements of strategic policy. The second is made up of the US Army's

battlefield TECHINT elements. These elements support commanders in

preparing for and waging war or conducting SASO. The two parts are

described below.

12-2

FM 4-30.13

TECHINT ORGANIZATIONS

12-9. The scientific and intelligence activities discussed in this section are

primarily concerned with peacetime exploitation of foreign materiel,

including CEA.

US Army Intelligence Agency

12-10. The USAIA is a field-operating agency of the DCS that produces and

disseminates intelligence information on foreign ground forces and their

weapon systems. Also, it provides threat analysis and related projections to

the Army's combat development community.

National Ground Intelligence Center:

12-11. NGIC produces and maintains intelligence on foreign scientific

developments, ground force weapons systems, and associated technologies.

US Army Materiel Command

12-12. The USAMC shares responsibility for managing the overt acquisition

of foreign materiel for TECHINT purposes. The USAMC buys foreign

materiel for exploitation purposes in the US, as well as through its centers in

Europe and the Far East.

US Army Intelligence and Security Command

12-13. The INSCOM has the major responsibility for SASO TECHINT

operations. It fulfills this responsibility through its TECHINT oversight

function and by exercising operational control over the FMIG during SASO.

Foreign Materiel Intelligence Group

12-14. At EAC, the FMIG is a battalion-sized organization located at

Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. This group is the Army's only active duty

TECHINT unit. Responsibilities of the FMIG include the following:

.Conducting TECHINT operations.

.Preparing TECHINT reports in support of Army, joint, and combined

operations.

.Acting as the HQDA executive agent for foreign materiel used for

training purposes.

US Army Armament Research Development and Engineering Center

12-15. The primary responsibility of ARDEC during SASO is to perform

detailed evaluations of foreign munitions. ARDEC is located at Picatinny

Arsenal, NJ.

BATTLEFIELD ACTIVITIES

12-16. TECHINT activities on the battlefield are usually initiated at the unit

level with subsequent involvement of other specialized support teams,

command level staffs, and higher echelon organizations with direct

responsibility for planning, operations, and logistics.

12-3

FM 4-30.13

Response Units

12-4

12-17. Response units start the TECHINT process. They are responsible for

initial identification, reporting, and safe handling of CEA. Types of response

units are discussed briefly below.

12-18. Capturing unit. The capturing unit is the first unit that discovers or

captures enemy munitions. Recovery and evacuation of CEA is a command

responsibility at all echelons. Mter reporting the CEA, the capturing unit's

biggest responsibility is to provide security of the CEA until the unit receives

disposition instructions. The immediate headquarters of the capturing unit is

responsible for the following:

Obtaining and providing prompt disposition instructions.

Assisting the capturing unit with safeguarding, recovering, and

evacuating the CEA.

The capturing unit may be required to help destroy or coordinate the

movement of CEA. Once the CEA is turned over to another unit or collection

point, the capturing unit is relieved of further responsibilities.

.

.

12-19. Explosive ordnance disposal. EOD units identify and request

disposition of first-seen ordnance and CEA of intelligence value and, if

required, attempt render-safe procedures. The EOD unit submits required

reports through TECHINT channels, if requested.

12-20. US Army Technical Escort Unit. The TEU has a worldwide mission

to secure, transport, and dispose of nuclear, chemical, or biological CEA after

EOD personnel have classified it as safe to handle. The TEU has EOD

resources.

12-21. TECHINT teams. TECHINT teams initially identify and exploit CEA.

They assist corps and divisional tactical operations centers. TECHINT teams

rarely perform detailed analysis because there are so few teams and few

laboratory facilities. These teams normally consist of a team leader and ten

specialists, one from each of the following specialties:

.Tracked vehicles.

Wheeled vehicles.

Weapon systems.

NBC equipment.

Fire control systems.

Aviation fire control systems.

Intercept and jamming equipment.

Communications equipment.

Medical equipment.

Antitank guided missiles.

Munitions.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

FM 4-30.13

Staffs

12-22. Staffs at all levels use TECHINT information to update and develop

plans to support the commander's intent. Based on this information, staffs

advise the commander of capabilities and technological advances of opposing

forces during war and SASO.

12-23. Intelligence staff The J2, G2, or S2 serves as the commander's

principal staff office for all MI matters. This staff has primary responsibility

for the commander's battlefield TECHINT effort.

12-24. Operations staff The J3, G3, or S3 serves as the commander's

principal advisor for operations, plans, organization, and training. This staff

incorporates TECHINT into all parts of unit plans and operations.

12-25. Logistics staff. The J4, G4, or S4 serves as the commander's principal

staff office for supply, maintenance, transportation, and services. As the

logistics planner, this staff coordinates accountability, movement, and

resupply and is essential to the TECHINT system.

Intelligence Units/Activities

12-26. Intelligence units and activities receive, evaluate, process and

disseminate information from response units and staffs. They ensure the

TECHINT information is channeled to the appropriate intelligence agency.

12-27. Military intelligence units. During routine operations, MI units may

accidentally discover incidental items of battlefield TECHINT. All MI units

are responsible for establishing procedures for handling, screening, and

reporting TECHINT-related items. Also, these units coordinate with

operations and logistics staffs on intelligence matters. MI unit missions

include the following:

.Interrogation.

Document exploitation.

Imagery interpretation.

Electronic warfare.

Unmanned aerial vehicle operations.

.

.

.

.

12-28. Captured materiel exploitation center. The CMEC is formed from

the assets of organic and attached TECHINT elements augmented by other

SMEs. (See Figure 12-1, page 12-6.) It manages the command battlefield

TECHINT system through the MI brigade and the G2. When possible, other

armed services should combine assets for the acquisition and exploitation of

CEM, to include CEA. When this occurs, the CMEC becomes the JCMEC.

12-29. Joint captured materiel exploitation center. The JCMEC consists

of TECHINT personnel from each participating service. As in the CMEC, the

JCMEC commander is the TECHINT advisor to the J2.

12-5

CMEC

ISTAFF

I

FOREIGN FOREIGN

SUPPLY AND MATERIAL MATERIAL TECHINT

MAINTENANCE EXPLOITATION TRAINING TEAM*

SECTION SECTION SECTION

I

COMMUNICATION WEAPONS

ELECTRONICS AND MOBILITY

SECTION MUNITIONS SECTION

SECTION

NBC,

MEDICAL.

LOGISTICS

SECTION

.Combat arms.

.Special operations.

.Military police.

.Chemical.

.Medical.

.Engineer.

.Civil affairs.

.CSS units.

FM 4-30.13

*One or more TECHINT teams are deployed for each

corps-equivalent command assigned within the theater

command. The teams are staffed by one each TECHINT

specialty found within the CMEC or task-organized to fit

specific local situations. Based on need and assets

available, other teams can be organized and deployed.

Figure 12-1. CMEC Organization

Other Units/Activities

12-30. Many other units may be involved in TECHINT operations involving

CEA. The depth of involvement depends on the specific CEA found. These

units may include the following:

UNIT RESPONSIBILITIES

12-31. Each unit involved with CEA has specific responsibilities related to

recovery, evacuation, safety, transportation, storage, and management. These

units and their responsibilities are discussed below.

12-6

FM 4-30.13

TRANSPORTATION UNITS

12-32. The transportation of CEA is typically part of logistical support

requirements. Because it is critical that CEA be transported safely, it is being

given special emphasis here.

12-33. The theater commander through the CMEC directs final disposition of

CEA. Before moving CEA, an EOD or TEU team must certify that it is safe to

handle and transport. An ammunition inspector should be consulted about

safe loading, tie-down, and transportation procedures. The capturing unit

should coordinate this support early in the planning process. Both the CMCC

and CMMC must be involved in planning any movement of CEA.

12-34. The shipping activity must properly load and tie down all munitions,

including CEA. The shipper must provide guidance to drivers on all aspects of

safety and instruct them on proper firefighting procedures.

12-35. Accountability procedures for CEA are identical to procedures used for

US munitions. Motor vehicle drivers sign for the shipment on a DD Form

1384 and are responsible only for the total number of pallets or boxes on their

vehicles. Drivers do not sign the shipping documents, which are in the

shipping envelope attached to the munitions pallets or boxes.

COLLECTION POINTS

12-36. The collection point commander or NCOIC is responsible for the

receipt, storage, issue, shipment, and accountability of the CEA. Once the

CEA is received at an ASA, an ammunition inspector inspects the CEA and

determines its serviceability.

12-37. CEA is always stored separately from US stocks. It is stored and

accounted for in the same manner as like US munitions. All Army activities

holding CEA are required to account for the materiel IA W the basic

accounting principles of ARs 710-2 and 735-5 and DA Pams 710-2-1 and 710-

2-2. Serviceable CEA must be separated from unserviceable CEA within the

CEA storage location. Based on the commander's assessment of the threat

and risks involved, CEA will be stored at the ASA under one of the following

systems:

Peacetime. Storage by NEW and SCG.

SASa and Wartime. Storage by gross tons and SCG (when approved

by MACOM commander.

12-38. The site commander or NCOIC reports and requests disposition

instructions through logistic channels as directed by the servicing MMC. If

the CEA is retrograded, the procedure is the same as for like US munitions.

.

.

OTHER SUPPORT UNITS

12-39. Ordnance, aviation, medical, transportation, and quartermaster units

may be called upon to perform the following tasks:

.Recover and retrograde CEA.

.Establish collection points.

.Operate collection points.

12-7

FM 4-30.13

.Maintain storage location records.

Submit reports on CEA in logistic channels.

.

CAPTURE AND REPORTING PROCEDURES

12-40. When a soldier or unit finds munitions, the finding must be reported

immediately through command channels to the battalion S2. The report will

follow the SALUTE report format (see Figure 12-2). FM 21-16, Unexploded

Ordnance (UXO) Procedures, may be used to make a tentative identification

of the munitions (i.e., projectile, grenade, or bomb). The report may be

submitted orally or in writing by any means available. The soldier or unit

then safeguards the found munitions or continues the mission as directed.

DANGER

All munitions found on the battlefield must be considered booby-trapped and

extremely hazardous. Report all munitions as UXO regardless of country of origin.

12-41. Intermediate echelons of command forward the SALUTE report to the

supporting battlefield TECHINT element. The TECHINT element sends

disposition instructions back to the capturing unit. Usually, the instructions

direct the unit to continue safeguarding the CEA until an EOD team or a

TECHINT element arrives. Once on site, the EOD team, TECHINT element,

or higher element determines if the items found have intelligence value. The

higher headquarters may direct the capturing unit to initiate evacuation or

simply abandon the CEA. When abandoning CEA, the responsible unit must

mark the site. CEE tags, placed on stakes near the item, will be used to

describe the CEA (see Figure 12-3, page 12-10). There are no special tags for

CEA. Do not attach tags directly to hazardous munitions.

12-42. Proper marking of the site makes it easy to find the CEA once the

capturing unit leaves. Also, it alerts others crossing the area that CEA has

been found and reported. Marking includes any of the following methods:

.Use engineer tape or other materials and post signs to mark the area.

Build a small berm around the stack or CEA area.

Surround the area with CEE-tagged stakes.

.

.

TECHINT REPORTING PROCEDURES

12-43. EOD, TEU, and TECHINT teams are qualified to identify captured

munitions. An EOD response team may be dispatched to a site to investigate

and render safe the munitions. If an EOD team cannot be sent immediately,

the CEA will be marked and left for later evaluation. TEUs have EOD

resources available and may be able to render safe the CEA.

12-44. TECHINT teams are sent to CEA sites to complete technical

intelligence reporting. If a TECHINT team is not available, an EOD team

may be asked to identify and evaluate the CEA and activate the TECHINT

reporting process. EOD may be directed to segregate and/or dispose of the

CEA if it is hazardous or armed. If the CEA has chemical fillers, a TEU may

be requested to evaluate, process, and evacuate the CEA.

12-8

FM 4-30.13

EXAMPLE

SALUTE REPORT

TO: G2, V CORPS

FROM: 1-96 FA, 23 AD

DTG: 230900Z AUG 98

REPORT NO: 07-035

1. SIZE: N/A

2. ACTIVITY:

3. LOCATION:

553476

4. UNIT: 1-96 FA, 23 AD (capturing unit)

5. TIME: Ammunition captured at 230230Z Aug 98

6. EQUIPMENT: N/A

7. REMARKS/OTHER INFORMATION: Response to priority

requirement (IPR) 23-0016-93. Ammo site secured, awaiting

instructions.

Captured Ammunition

West bank of Fulda River, south of Bebra, six-digit grid NB

intelligence

disposition

Figure 12-2. Sample Format for SALUTE Spot Report

12-45. If the item is identified as a first-seen CEA, the TECHINT team, EOD

team, or TEU forwards a PRETECHREP through command channels to the

CMEC (see Figure 12-4, page 12-11). The PRETECHREP gives a general

description of the CEA and alerts tactical units to technical information of

immediate tactical importance.

12-46. Based on the PRETECHREP, EOD teams may be asked to prepare the

Type B COMTECHREP (see Figure 12-5, pages 12-11 and 12-12), which is

specifically for EOD. It includes the CEA itself or summaries, diagrams,

photos, and samples. Type A COMTECHREP is for USAF TECHINT items.

The Type C COMTECHREP is for items not reported on the Type A or B

report. If the CMEC directs destruction of the CEA, the EOD team completes

the disposal. Once the CEA is destroyed or moved to a collection point, the

capturing unit is no longer responsible for the munitions. For more

information, see FM 34-54.

PROCEDURES FOR MOVING CEA

12-47. CEA can be evacuated to the nearest collection point once the

TECHINT element determines it has no intelligence value. Corps or division

establishes CEA collection sites, usually at primary Class V ASAs. These

collection points may be at anyone of the ASAs or ATPs.

12-9

FM 4-30.13

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b. Any persons subf8ct to this code who

(1) fails to carry out the duties prescribed

is subdivision (a) of this article. (2) buys,

sells, trades, or in any way deals in or

disposes of captured or abandoned

property, whereby he shall receive or

cowr DISTUFfJ expect any profit,benefit, or advantage to

himself or another directly or indirectly

connected with him, or (3) engages in

looting or pillaging, shall be punished as a

court-martial may direct

Figure 12-3. Sample CEE Tag

WARNING

All CEA must be certified safe by EOD and/or QASAS prior to any movement.

12-48. Capturing unit transportation assets may be used to evacuate CEA to

the nearest collection point. The mission of the capturing unit must be

considered when deciding whether the unit will evacuate the CEA.

Transportation units may transport CEA from the site of discovery to the

collection point or to the rear.

12-49. The capturing unit's higher headquarters, along with the DISCOM and

COSCOM, coordinates required transportation. The local MCT notifies the

collection point commander of an inbound shipment. EOD, QASAS, or other

munitions personnel provides guidance on safe handling and evacuation of

CEA. Trained munitions personnel supervise handling and shipment of CEA.

CEA is transported in the same manner as similar types of US munitions.

12-50. In certain situations, if a threat exists, the CEA may be evacuated

before evaluations or reports are completed. The theater commander

determines disposition of CEA through the TECHINT element and the

CMEC. See Figure 12-6, page 12-13, for a diagram of CEA movement in a

mature theater.

12-51. In an immature theater, movement to a collection point may be left out

to return CEA to the rear. The intelligence element or EOD team notifies the

local commander of the CEA. The movement is coordinated within the

division or corps by the DISCOM or COSCOM. A TEU team should escort

chemical or biological material to the nearest collection point or rear.

12-10

FM 4-30.13

EXAMPLE

(Classification)

PRETECHREP

A. Type of equipment and quantity.

B. Date and time of capture.

C. Location (map reference).

D. Capturing unit and circumstances of capture.

E. Enemy formation from which captured and origin.

F. Brief description with serial numbers and, if

possible, manufacturer.

G. Technical characteristics with an immediate value,

including information or any photographs available.

H. Time and origin of message.

I. Present location of CEE.

(Classification)

Figure 12-4. PRETECHREP Format

EXAMPLE

Confidential when filled in)

COMTECHREP- TYPE B (EOD Report)

Section I. (U) DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION

1. (U) IDENTIFICATION. See Figure for physical appearance and dimensions.

NOTE: This will be an external view (when possible) and not show internal

components.

a. (U) Designation. Ordnance designation (if known) with transliteration of

foreign alphabet. Example: M45

b. (U) Type. Used to summarize the key functional aspects of the items.

Example: This is a High Explosive Rocket Assist (HERA) projectile.

c. (U) Painting and Markings. Record all paintings, surface treatments, and

markings.

d. (U) Features. Point out unique or distinguishing external features of the

item that are not obvious in the drawings.

2. (U) DESCRIPTION.

a. (U) Material. Include information pertaining to the major external

components; for example, "plastic," "aluminum."

b. (U) Weight. Give the approximate weight if known.

Figure 12-5. Type B COMTECHREP Format

12-11

FM 4-30.13

EXAMPLE (Continued)

3. (U) HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS.

ITEM QTY LOCATION EXPLOSIVE HE WEIGHT

List Hazardous components (if known).

4. (U) FUNCTIONING. Explain the operation of the ordnance, particularly the

components of the ordnance involved with initiating the explosive train.

5. (U) APPEARANCE. It must be known for certain that the item is unarmed if

the item is to be treated as such.

a. (U) Unarmed Condition. Example: The item is unarmed if not fired.

b. (U) Armed Condition. Example: Consider the item armed if it has been

fired.

Section II. (C) EOD PROCEDURES. (EOD USE ONLY)

6. (U) RENDER SAFE PROCEDURE FOR THE UNARMED CONDITION.

a. (C) PROPOSED: (Develop and record prior to completing RSP).

b. (U) Proceed to disposal.

7. (U) RENDER SAFE PROCEDURE FOR THE ARMED CONDITION

WARNINGS.

a. (C) PROPOSED: (Develop and record prior to completing RSP).

b. (U) Proceed to Disposal.

Continued:

8. (U) DISPOSAL PROCEDURE.

a. (U) Unarmed. Transport hazardous components to safe disposal area and

dispose of by detonation.

b. (C) Armed.

(1) (Include quantity of explosives used to dispose of item).

(2) Detonate remotely.

(Confidential when filled in)

Figure 12-5. Type B COMTECHREP Format (Continued)

12-12

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FM 4-30.13

Figure 12-6. CEA Movement in a Mature Theater

CMEC PROCESSING OF CEA

12-52. The CMEC is the first real processor of CEA. When it receives CEA,

the CMEC determines its level of TECHINT value. If the item is on the

TECHINT requirement list, or it is of TECHINT interest, the CMEC

concentrates on exploiting the CEA for immediate tactical or operational use.

12-53. CMEC specialists conduct rapid, initial scientific and technological

analyses of CEA in their battlefield laboratory. Any immediate

countermeasure, information, or intelligence they develop is quickly

distributed to appropriate combat, CS, and CSS units. At the same time, the

CMEC quickly evacuates the CEA to CONUS for an in-depth exploitation of

the item.

12-54. The CMEC coordinates evacuation of CEA of special TECHINT

interest to and from the CMEC. For items that cannot be evacuated, CMEC

organizes and deploys a quick reaction team to coordinate the evacuation of

the item or to exploit it on site.

MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF CEA

12-55. CEA must be inventoried and accounted for just like US munitions. If

CEA arrives at a collection point unidentified but clearly recognized as a

projectile, propelling charge, fuze, and so forth, then a pseudo catalog data

record may be designated and entered into SAAS to account for the item. The

supporting MMC assigns and standardizes pseudo catalog data records

within the theater.

ISSUING CEA

12-56. In unique circumstances, CEA may be issued to using units in the

same manner as US munitions. All requests for serviceable CEA are

approved and assigned a priority for issue to US units engaged in special

12-13

FM 4-30.13

missions or training by higher headquarters. CEA is issued based on the

following priorities:

.Intelligence.

Special warfare.

Special operations forces.

Combat units.

CS and CSS units.

Substitutes or supplements to US munitions.

.

.

.

.

.

DISPOSAL OF SERVICEABLE CEA

12-57. Serviceable CEA is evacuated, collected, and stored wherever directed

by higher headquarters. The CMEC, in coordination with the TAMMC or

CMMC, usually makes this decision. Emergency or immediate destruction of

serviceable CEA takes place under the following conditions:

.If recapture is imminent due to location of the CEA.

.If EOD or TECHINT declares the CEA hazardous to the safety of

troops.

If the CEA is to be destroyed, all factory markings should be carefully

recorded (and photographs taken, if possible) before destruction.

DISPOSAL OF UNSERVICEABLE CEA

12-58. ASAs routinely destroy unserviceable CEA. However, the following

points must be considered before destruction takes place:

SUMMARY

.ASAs must first support all demolition requirements of US units with

on-hand demolition materials.

If disposal of US munitions using serviceable demolition material has

been authorized by higher headquarters, CEA should be included in

that operation.

Unserviceable CEA will be included only if added demolition

materials are not required. Higher headquarters approval is not

needed for the addition of unserviceable CEA when sufficient

demolition materials are on hand.

The ASA commander must select an appropriate disposal method for

CEA that does not use serviceable demolition materials.

.

.

.

12-59. Certain types of CEA have high potential for intelligence value.

Capturing and support units should understand the importance of adhering

to handling, reporting, and transportation requirements. Safety is implicit in

the responsibilities of any type unit involved with CEA. Munitions units in

particular must exercise caution and follow good management practices in

storing, moving, and disposing of CEA. Loss of personnel due to detonation of

munitions caused by improper handling, processing, and transportation

reduces the significance of any intelligence value.

12-14

Appendix A

Ammunition Basic Load

Ammunition basic loads are MACOM designated quantities of Class V

supplies that allow units to initiate combat operations. Basic loads are

combat-deployable using organic transportation in a single lift. This

appendix provides a list of references and general guidelines relevant to

all Army units for determining personnel/command responsibilities,

implementing requisition and storage procedures, and conducting

inventory and quality assurance programs.

RESPONSIBILITIES

A-I. Responsibilities of key personnel/commands for ABL management are as

follows:

.Commanders at all levels coordinate distribution of ABL data, review

ABL computations, approve ABL authorizations, ensure ABL is on

hand or on requisition, maintain the unit's ABL file, conduct annual

internal reviews of the ABL file, and coordinate with supporting

ammunition inspectors to ensure stockpile serviceability.

.Ammunition Supply Points or Depots manage stockpiles and

coordinate with the supporting MMC to ensure enough ammunition

is on hand and serviceable to provide for all supported units. Also,

they maintain a suspense file of all prepositioned requests and

coordinate requirement updates with supporting units at least

annually.

.QASAS perform inspections of ABL in the possession of the owning

unit at least annually. QASAS also notify owning units of any

ammunition information notices that may affect their on-hand ABL.

.Supporting MMCs coordinate with supported units and the

ASPs/depots to ensure adequate serviceable munitions stocks are on

hand. This is accomplished by ensuring that ABL shortages are

placed on requisition and providing disposition instructions for

ammunition excess to ABL requirements. The installation

commander/ammunition office may be required to accomplish the

MMC related management.

The NGB Chief prepares ABL data for ARNG units designated to

mobilize. Also, he forwards the data to ARNG state headquarters for

distribution to units.

.

.ARNG state headquarters distribute automated and manually

prepared ABL data to ARNG units for review and update. The

headquarters reviews and approves ARNG changes to ABL

authorization lists, forwards approved lists and requests for issue to

mobilization stations, conducts annual reviews of unit ABL files, and

provides status to the chief of the NGB.

A-1

FM 4-30.13

BASIC LOAD AMMUNITION

A-2. Basic load ammunition encompasses conventional ammunition and

missiles that a unit must have on hand or on request at all times. Basic load

can be further broken down and defined as:

.TAT ABL. Ammunition that either can be carried by or accompanies

the soldier, uploaded on a combat vehicle or on organic

transportation, during deployment.

.Non-TAT ABL. Ammunition that cannot accompany the soldier or be

loaded in or on unit combat or transport vehicles during deployment.

Ammunition combat loads. HQDA designated quantities carried by

each deployable weapon system to initiate combat as determined by

TRADOC materiel developers.

.

PROCEDURES AND ACCOUNTABILITY

A-3. AR 710-2 and MACOM policies authorize basic load ammunition. Drawn

basic load ammunition is maintained on property books IA W hand receipt

procedures described in DA Pam 710-2; records of responsibility are required.

MAC OMs designate which units are required and able to stock ABL and

which will have on hand a properly authenticated request for issue.

Guidelines for determining ammunition responsibility and accountability are

as follows:

.When a unit is approved to physically draw and store their ABL, they

will prepare a properly authenticated DA Form 581 and submit it to

the supporting ASP/depot. MAC OMs establish procedures for

submitting and obtaining required approval on the DA Form 581.

.All other units not designated to draw and store their ABL will

submit a properly authenticated DA Form 581 to the supporting

ASP/depot for planning purposes. Both the ASP/depot and the unit

will maintain a copy of the request. The request is used to ensure that

adequate serviceable stocks are on hand and to speed the issue

process in event of deployment. MAC OMs establish specific

procedures for the units to follow.

A-4. Various methods apply to ABL accountability. How ABL is stored

determines which of the following methods will be used:

.The storage location retains accountability for the ammunition when

the basic load is not issued to the unit and is stored at the supporting

ASP or depot. The ASP/depot assigns the ammunition to the MACOM

designated account code and accounts for it using the approved

ammunition STAMIS (usually SAAS-ASP). The unit should record on

the property book page the document number from the DA Form 581

request. ABL managed in this manner need not be segregated from

other on-hand stocks at the ASP/depot.

.The unit maintains accountability when the ASP/depot issues the

basic load to the unit, posts it as a loss to the ammunition STAMIS,

and the unit provides its own secure storage area. Responsibility is

assigned to the individual having custody of the keys to the storage

area using hand receipt procedures described in DA Pam 710-2-1.

A-2

FM 4-30.13

.The unit maintains accountability when the ASP/depot issues the

basic load to the unit, posts it as a loss to the ammunition STAMIS,

but provides a locked storage location for access because the unit

lacks secure storage facilities. Responsibility is assigned to the

individual having custody of the keys to the area using hand receipt

procedures described in DA Pam 710-2-1.

The unit maintains accountability when the ASP/depot issues the

basic load to the unit, posts the issue as a loss to the ammunition

STAMIS, and provides secure storage for the ammunition but does

not limit access to the owning unit. Responsibility for the ammunition

is assigned to the ASP/depot accountable officer using hand receipt

procedures in DA Pam 710-2-1.

.

INVENTORY

A-5. Basic load ammunition will be inventoried lAW AR 710-2. MACOMs will

establish procedures and guidance for maintaining physical security and

conducting basic load inventories lAW DA Pam 710-2-1. At a minimum the

inventories must-

.Be accomplished monthly when ABL is issued to the owning unit and

is stored in a secure location (lAW AR 190-11).

.Be accomplished daily when ABL is in the possession of the owning

unit and not stored in a secure location (lAW AR 190-11).

.Be accomplished semiannually (CIIC 1, 5, and 6) and annually (other

than CIIC 1, 5, and 6) when stored and accounted for by the

ASP/depot.

QUALITY ASSURANCE

A-6. Only Condition Code A ammunition (serviceable, issuable without

qualification) will be used to fill basic load requirements. Units will

coordinate with the supporting QASAS to have anyon-hand basic load

inspected at least annually by an ammunition inspector. Units having on-

hand ammunition stocks must also coordinate with the supporting QASAS or

ASP/depot to ensure that they obtain relevant ammunition information

notices of suspensions or restrictions. If on-hand ammunition is determined

to be unsuitable for continued use as basic load, the unit will coordinate with

the supporting ASP/depot for turn-in and replenishment.

REFERENCES

A-7. The following references apply to this appendix:

.AR 190-11, Physical Security of Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives.

.AR 220-10, Preparation for Overseas Movement of Units.

.AR 710-2, Supply Policy Below Wholesale Level.

.DA Pam 710-2-1, Using Unit Supply System.

.DA Pam 710-2-2, Supply Support Activity Supply System.

.SB 38-26, Ammunition Supply Rates (Classified).

A-3

Appendix B

Guidance for Commanders

This appendix contains information for review by munitions company

commanders and modular platoon leaders to assist in analysis and

evaluation of unit operational readiness for combat or SASO. Checklists

should be developed to generate SOP-level of detaiL Also, theater and

corps level OPORDs and OPLANs should be consulted.

DOCTRINAL CONSIDERATIONS

B-l. Army doctrine requires that munitions units be capable of successfully

executing their mission without lengthy adjustments or train-up periods. An

effective training program that emphasizes collective and individual training

and builds leadership skills is critical to successful execution. Training

management is the primary responsibility of the unit commander. METL

development and training must focus on the unit's wartime mission.

LOGISTICS CHARACTERISTICS

B-2. Review the five logistics characteristics necessary for munitions support

for combined arms operations:

.Anticipation of future events and needs of combat commanders.

Integration of logistical support into tactical and operational plans of

combat commanders.

Continuity of munitions support for depth, momentum, and initiative.

Responsiveness to changing needs of combat commanders.

Improvisation to allow reaction to unexpected and unanticipated

events.

.

.

.

.

TACTICAL SUSTAINMENT

B-3. Review the four support considerations to be used for tactical ess

sustainment:

.Support combat commander's intent.

Support as far forward as possible.

Maintain TAV to support combat forces.

Rely upon the Army's system of effective leadership to adapt to needs

of the battlefield.

.

.

.

B-4. Review the factors to be considered for tactical sustainment:

B-O

.Determine combat commander's priorities for support.

Identify consumption factors for the type of operation being planned.

Determine status of stockage levels and critical shortages.

Determine threat to supply operations in the rear and forward.

Determine tactical contingencies that may have to be supported.

.

.

.

.

FM 4-30.13

.Identify locations of supporting and supported units.

Identify locations of MSRs.

Identify locations of higher headquarters and supporting MMC.

Review plans for transportation and aviation resupply support.

Review applicable Class V plans and annexes.

Determine requirements for retrograde support.

.

.

.

.

.

OPERATIONAL SUSTAINMENT

B-5. Review the factors to be considered for maintaining supply operations:

.Establish effective physical security SOPs and plans.

Determine method of munitions supply.

Evaluate operational effectiveness of SAAS-MOD.

Evaluate site location and layout.

Establish liaison and communication with supporting and supported

units, higher headquarters, MMCs, and transportation units.

Plan for support of tactical movement of unit personnel, equipment,

and stocks.

Identify plans for technical assistance support of combat units.

Determine requirements for added collective and individual training.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

RECEIPT, ISSUE, AND STORAGE

B-6. Review the factors to be considered with receipt, issue, and storage

operations:

.Determine availability and adequacy of MHE and personnel (military

and civilian) to conduct effective supply point operations.

Determine compliance with Q-D, explosive safety standards, and

licensing requirements.

Ensure that munitions are being stored safely IA W with DA Pam 385-

64.

Establish SOPs for receipt, issue, and storage operations.

Establish SOPs for firefighting, physical security, routine and

emergency destruction, and NBC and UXO procedures.

Evaluate munitions management and stock control procedures.

Ensure that inventory and accountability procedures are maintained

with 100 percent accuracy.

Ensure that munitions reporting requirements are met.

Determine requirements for added collective and individual training.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS

B-7. Review the factors to be considered for maintenance operations:

.Evaluate unit maintenance resources, procedures and priorities.

Forecast the impact of personnel and equipment shortfalls on unit

capabilities.

.

B-1

FM 4-30.13

.Identify plans for maintenance support.

Identify and establish liaison with supporting maintenance

units/activities.

Identify plans for evacuation of battle-damaged equipment.

Establish maintenance operations SOP and evaluate availability of

supplies and equipment.

Determine requirements for added collective and individual training.

.

.

.

.

REDEPLOYMENT OPERATIONS

B-8. Review factors to be considered for redeployment:

.Develop redeployment plans and procedures.

.Determine accurate status of personnel and equipment.

.Ensure that retrograde of stocks is conducted safely, and that all

safety standards are enforced.

.Determine requirements for EOD support if applicable.

.Identify plans for transportation, maintenance, personnel, medical,

financial, religious, POL, PLL, supply, and other life support.

.Ensure that physical security plans and procedures are followed.

.Coordinate redeployment plans with supporting and supported units

to ensure understanding.

.Coordinate changes in redeployment plans with key NCOs to prevent

false rumors from damaging unit morale.

.Ensure a safe, secure, and efficient redeployment.

B-2

Appendix C

Forecasting and Managing Training Ammunition

Units are authorized by AR 5-13 to use conventional ammunition during

readiness training for combat. The Army training goal is a combat ready

force prepared to mobilize and deploy on short notice and to fight and

defeat the enemy. This appendix provides general guidance on forecasting

and managing training ammunition. Specific references to appropriate

DA pamphlets are included for calculating and forecasting ammunition

requirements.

TRAINING STANDARDS AND STRATEGIES

C-l. The Standards in Training Commission was established in 1982. Its

mission is to determine quantities and types of munitions required for

soldiers, crews, and units to attain and sustain weapons proficiency relative

to readiness levels. Weapons committees (Le., Air Defense, Armor, Aviation,

Engineer, Field Artillery and Infantry) develop weapons training standards

and strategies, and the STRAC Steering Committee reviews and approves

them. DA Pam 350-38 identifies weapons and weapon systems for which

training programs have been written and approved. Commanders must

examine each strategy as it applies to the unit's MTOE, METL, training

level, time available, and unique training needs. Also, commanders must

consider the unit's overall training program and objectives as specified by the

applicable SM, CTT, and ARTEP, as well as the availability of simulators and

devices.

C-2. Training strategies and ammunition requirements are not prescriptive.

Commanders must determine and design strategies that allow their units to

attain standards. The STRAC strategies are models for training and

resourcing and represent one way to attain and sustain standards. Because

they are generic and notional, they do not generate specific requirements.

Commanders can select from a generic menu of training events that allows

them to train towards a specific assigned mission or training goal. This

flexibility is intended to accommodate unit requirements.

C-3. Training strategy tables reflect generic requirements. They do not

automatically translate into resource authorizations or allocations of rounds

on the ground to be fired. Factors affecting annual authorizations for training

ammunition include:

.STRAC strategies.

.Budgetary constraints.

.Unit priority.

.Historical expenditures.

.War reserves.

C-4. DA Pams 350-38 and 350-39 contain requirement computation data for

training ammunition. Figures are based on the number of weapons systems

assigned, readiness levels, and quantities of ammunition needed to sustain

C-1

FM 4-30.13

soldier and crew proficiency. They apply to the weapon and weapon systems

used throughout the force for both the Active and Reserve Components.

These pamphlets provide commanders and other unit trainers with a

common set of standards for weapon and weapon system qualification. Also,

they offer suggested weapons training strategies, a model for resource

requirements, and measurable standards for evaluating overall training

readiness.

FORECASTING

C-5. Forecasting ammunition requirements is a peacetime procedure. It is

based on data in the pamphlets cited above and on projected training events

such as individual weapons qualification, FTXs, and crew weapons

qualification. Factors that impact requirements-determination forecasting

include the following:

.Historical and actual ammunition consumption

training exercises.

Training objectives.

Equipment/weapon system availability.

Range time.

data from previous

.

.

.

C-6. Training ammunition requirements are determined using DA Form

5514-R. This document summarizes the total quantity of each DODIC needed

to support training during the coming 12 months. As prescribed by AR 5-13,

MAC OMs modify and provide requirements to HQDA before the beginning of

each fiscal year. HQDA gives MAC OMs the authorization for training

ammunition based on stock availability, funding, ammunition production,

transportation, and other considerations. Units prepare and use this forecast

to maintain an up-to-date calculation of ammunition needs. MAC OMs use it

to determine requisition needs. This forecast also feeds the WAR8.

C-7. To get ammunition for training, units must prepare training

ammunition forecasts lAW DA Pam 710-2-1 and submit them as directed by

the MACOMs. Time frames for submitting forecasts also are prescribed by

the MACOMs. Generally, the procedure is as follows:

C-2

.Determine planned training requirements for each of the next 12

months.

Determine the DODIC and quantity needed for each training

requirement. Refer to the computation data in DA Pams 350-38 and

350-39.

Do not exceed a quantity when that quantity remains on the

authorized allocation for the current fiscal year.

Coordinate with the 83/84, G4, or DOL to ensure that quantities

forecast are not excessive and that the correct historical data were

used when computing requirements for months in the next fiscal

year.

Use DA Form 5514-R to record the total for each DODIC required for

each month in which the unit will draw training ammunition from an

A8A.

.

.

.

.

.8ubmit the completed forecast to the next higher headquarters.

FM 4-30.13

Each level in the chain of command uses DA Form 5514-R to consolidate and

forward the forecasts to the next higher headquarters IA W means prescribed

by the MACOM.

MANAGING

C-8. Units that request and receive ammunition from an ASA must maintain

training ammunition management and control documents. Use the

documents listed below to manage training ammunition and missile

authorizations, to control issue of ammunition and missiles, and to ensure

that unexpended ammunition and ammunition residue are controlled until

returned to the ASA:

.DA Form 5203.

DA Form 5204.

DA Form 581 or automated equivalent.

DA Form 581-1.

DA Form 3151-R.

DA Forms 5515 and 5515-1.

DA Form 2064.

.

.

.

.

.

.

The TAMIS Authorization Report is used to maintain a running balance of

the annual training authorization by deducting, from the initial

authorization, issues from the ASA. The G-3 or installation DOL usually

manages this computer-based report.

PHYSICAL SECURITY AND AMNESTY PROGRAMS

C-9. Upon departure from the ASA, the receiving unit must provide physical

security for ammunition IAW AR 190-11 and DA Pam 710-2-1. At the

discretion of their MAC OMs, AC and ARNG units located OCONUS are

authorized home storage of training ammunition. The same storage and

inventory procedures that apply to basic load ammunition apply to training

ammunition. Also, AR 190-11 outlines construction requirements for

ammunition storage rooms and magazines, and DA Pam 710-2-1 provides

guidance on field storage and use of residue items for training.

C-lO. Installation commanders will establish and implement an amnesty

program that does not intimidate the individual or prevent the individual

from freely turning in ammunition. The intent of amnesty programs is to

ensure maximum recovery, not to circumvent normal turn-in procedures.

Commanders will monitor amnesty programs as indicators of effectiveness of

ammunition accountability and ensure that they are not used to circumvent

accountability. See DA Pam 710-2-1 for more guidance on establishing an

amnesty program.

C-3

Case Type Weight

(pounds)

.22 caliber, brass, short .0008

.22 caliber, brass, long .0014

.30 caliber, brass, carbine .0101

.30 caliber, steel, carbine .0081

.30 caliber, brass, all others .0286

.38 caliber, brass, all .009

.45 caliber, brass, all .0124

.45 caliber, steel, all .012

.50 caliber, brass, all .121

.50 caliber, steel, all .111

5.56 millimeter, brass, all .0135

7.62 millimeter, brass, large .026

9 millimeter parabellum .009

20.0 millimeter, brass, small .2

20.0 millimeter, brass, large .25

25 millimeter, all .48

Shotgun, brass, all .036

Appendix D

Brass Conversion

The data and procedures contained in this appendix are used to compute

the weight and/or quantity of expended cartridge cases. See Figure D-l

below.

Figure D-1. Brass Conversion Chart

TO FIND WEIGHT

D-1. Multiply the quantity of expended cartridge cases by the weight. Using

the example, brass, short, expended-rounds, .22 caliber, work the formula as

shown below.

FORMULA

D-2. Quantity of the item xWeight =Weight of expended

cartridge cases.

COMPUTATION

D-3. 39,875 rounds x .0008 lbs = 31.9 lbs.

Work to one decimal place and round down: 31 pounds expended.

D-O

FM 4-30.13

TO FIND QUANTITY

D-4. Divide the weight of the expended cartridge cases by the weight. Using

the example, brass, expended-cartridges weight of .38 caliber, work the

formula as follows:

FORMULA

D-5. Total Weight Weight of the item =Quantity of expended

cartridge cases.

COMPUTATION

D-6. 82.0 pounds .009 pounds =9,111.1 rounds.

Work to one decimal place and round down: 9,111 rounds.

D-1

Appendix E

Ammunition Condition Codes

Ammunition condition codes are single letters that classify munitions

materiel. Each ACC identifies degree of serviceability, condition, and

completeness (readiness for issue and use), as well as actions under way

to change the status of materiel. This appendix defines ACCs A-H, J-N,

andP.

ACC A-SERVICEABLE (ISSUABLE WITHOUT QUALIFICATION)

E-l. New, used, repaired, or reconditioned materiel that is serviceable and

issuable to all units without limitations or restrictions. This includes materiel

with more than six months shelf life remaining.

E-2. Normal incidental requirements for additional packaging, packing,

marking, and so forth that can be accomplished at the time of issue (without

requiring added resources, manpower, or delays) do not constitute a

restriction.

ACC B-SERVICEABLE (ISSUABLE WITH QUALIFICATION)

E-3. New, used, repaired, or reconditioned materiel that is serviceable and

issuable for its intended purpose; however it is restricted from issue to

specific units, activities, or geographical areas by reasons of its limited

usefulness or short-service life expectancy. This includes materiel with three

through six months shelf life remaining.

E-4. Normal incidental requirements for additional packaging, packing, or

marking, and so forth that can be accomplished at the time of issue (without

requiring any added resources, manpower, or delays) do not constitute a

restriction. This includes items restricted to or from a specific mission.

ACC C-SERVICEABLE (PRIORITY OF ISSUE)

E-5. Items that are serviceable and issuable to selected customers, but that

must be issued before conditions A and B materiel to avoid loss as usable

assets. Includes materiel with less than three months shelf life remaining.

ACC D-SERVICEABLE (TEST/MODIFICATION)

E-6. Serviceable materiel requiring test, alteration, modification, conversion,

or disassembly. This does not include items that must be inspected or tested

immediately before issue.

ACC E-UNSERVICEABLE (LIMITED RESTORATION)

E-7. Materiel that involves only limited expense or effort to restore to

serviceable condition and is accomplished in the ASA where the stock is

located. Minor maintenance is exterior to the round or munitions. Includes all

E-O

FM 4-30.13

repair of external surfaces and repair/replacement of packaging, packing,

palletizing, and marking.

ACC F-UNSERVICEABLE (REPARABLE)

E-8. Economically reparable materiel that requires repair, overhaul, or

reconditioning. Includes reparable items that are radioactively contaminated.

Major maintenance usually requires replacement of end item components or

modification.

ACC G-UNSERVICEABLE (INCOMPLETE)

E-9. Materiel requiring additional parts or components to complete the end

item prior to issue.

ACC H-UNSERVICEABLE (CONDEMNED)

E-lO. Material that has been determined to be unserviceable and does not

meet repair criteria (includes condemned items that are radioactively

contaminated). This includes materiel determined to be uneconomically

repairable.

ACC J-SUSPENDED (IN STOCK)

E-l1. Materiel in stock that has been suspended from issue and use pending

condition classification or analysis, where the true condition is not known.

E-12. Includes temporarily suspended materiel pending serviceability

determination. Includes USAF materiel identified and held for future test or

surveillance requirements, either destructive or nondestructive in nature.

May contain formerly serviceable assets that became unserviceable by reason

of being reserved for test or that the shelf/service life has expired. Army

ammunition that has missed two scheduled periodic inspections is included.

ACC K-SUSPENDED (RETURNS)

E-13. Materiel returned from users and awaiting condition classification.

Includes items identified by stock number and item name, but not examined

for condition. Stocks in this ACC will be inspected and properly classified as

to condition IA W appropriate regulations. When more time is required, an

extension may be granted by the applicable supply distribution activity.

ACC L-SUSPENDED (LITIGATION)

E-14. Materiel held pending litigation or negotiation with contractors or

common carners.

ACC M-SUSPENDED (IN WORK)

E-15. Materiel identified on inventory control records, but which has been

turned over to a maintenance facility or contractor for processing.

E-1

FM 4-30.13

ACC N-{SUITABLE FOR EMERGENCY COMBAT USE)

E-16. Munitions stocks suspended from issue except for emergency combat

use.

ACC P-UNSERVICEABLE (RECLAMATION)

E-l 7. Materiel determined to be unserviceable, uneconomic ally reparable due

to a physical inspection, tear-down, or engineering decision. Items contain

serviceable components or assemblies to be reclaimed.

E-2

Appendix F

Ammunition Identification

Ammunition is identified by markings and color-coding on the items

themselves, the containers, and the packing boxes. The markings and

standard nomenclature of each item, together with the lot number, FSC,

NSN, DODIC, and DODAC, completely identify each item and are used to

maintain accountable records. This appendix gives a basic explanation of

markings and color-coding. Because color-coding is a more ready means of

identification, it is given greater emphasis here.

MARKINGS

F-l. Markings stenciled or stamped on munitions items include all

information needed for complete identification. Components in which all

explosive, incendiary, or toxic materials have been simulated by substitution

of inert material are identified by impressed INERT markings. Components

in which all explosive, incendiary, or toxic materials have been omitted are

identified by stamped EMPTY markings.

AMMUNITION LOT NUMBER

F-2. Each item of ammunition is assigned a complete round or item lot

number when it is manufactured or is at the LAP plant. See MIL-STD 1168-

A for a description of the current system. See MIL-STD 1168 for a discussion

of the old lot numbering system. Figure F-l breaks down a typical

ammunition lot number showing both the new and old systems.

NEW (Mll-STD 1168-AI

AMC 75 Q 018-124 ~

is Ammunition lot suffix (see note)

Lot sequence number

Lot interfix number

A single letter that means the month of production

A two digit number that means the year of production

Manufacturer's identification symbol

OLD (Mll-Sm 1168)

ABC-.!! -124

pt Serial Number

Intertix Number

Manufacturer's Identification Symbol

Note: A letter is added to the sequence number when there is a modification through renovation.

The first modification is shown by -A, the second by -8, and so on. For example,

AMC 750018-123A, AMC 750018-1238, etc.

Figure F-1. Typical Lot Number System

F-1

FM 4-30.13

CONVENTIONAL AMMUNITION FEDERAL SUPPLY CLASSES

F-3. Conventional ammunition is FSG 13. Within this group, ammunition is

further broken down by two more numbers that identify the general type or

family in which the item falls. Table F-1lists the FSCs.

FSC Group 13

(classes)

Table F-1. FSC Group 13 Classes

Ammunition and Explosive Type or Family

1305

1310

1315

1320

1330

1340

1345

1365

1370

1375

1376

1377

1390

1395

1398

1410/20/25/27

Ammunition, through 30mm

Ammunition, over 30mm up to 75mm

Ammunition 75mm through 125mm

Ammunition, over 125mm

Grenades

Rockets and rocket ammunition

Land mines

Military chemical agents

Pyrotechnics

Demolition materials

Bulk explosives

Cartridge and propellant actuated devices and components

Fuzes and primers

Miscellaneous ammunition

Specialized ammunition handling and servicing equipment

Guided missiles

Note: There are other FSC groups, but they are for Class V materiel outside the US Army

ammunition inventory. (Look in any current copy of the DOD ammunition listing, volumes 1

through 3, for more information.)

CONVENTIONAL AMMUNITION NATIONAL STOCK NUMBERING SYSTEM

F-4. Each complete round or item of conventional ammunition or associated

explosive component is identified by its own NSN. The first four numbers of

the NSN is the FSC. It is followed by the National Item Identification

Number, or NUN, which consists of a two-number code identifying the

country of manufacture and a seven-number item identification. See Figure

F-2 below.

1315 - 00 - 028 - 5080

L

F-2

Item Number. This number identifies

the item with a particular nomenclature,

item name, mccifier, mccel number, and

packing method using ammunition supply

catalogs, FEDLOG, or microfiche.

National Codification Bureau Code. The next twJ

numbers identify the ocuntry of manufacture.

Commonly called the ocuntry ocde, it also identifies

the ocuntry responsible for maintaining the item.

Federal Supply Classification. Thirteen is

ocnventional ammunition Federal Supply

Classification Group, and 15 is the specific class.

NUN

Figure F-2. Example of an NSN

FM 4-30.13

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION CODE

F-5. A DODIC is a single letter and three numbers or, in the case of small

guided missiles, two letters and two numbers. It is attached at the end of all

NSNs to denote interchangeability of the item. Communications between

ammunition units often use an ammunition item DODIC. See Figure F-3 for

a conventional NSN with DODIC added, demonstrating interchangeability

between various model numbers and the designators of an ammunition item.

1315 - 00f28 - 6368 - Cr'

NSN DODIC

Figure F-3. Sample DODIC

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AMMUNITION CODE

F-6. The DODAC includes the FSC of the ammunition and the DODIC. The

code is used on all using unit DD Form 581s, DA Form 3151-Rs, and most

ammunition reports. The DODAC is used instead of the DODIC to reduce

errors with ammunition transactions. See Figure F-4.

TOT

FSC DODIC

Figure F-4. Example of a DODAC

COLOR CODING

F-7. The main reason ammunition is painted is to protect it from rust.

However, the color of the protective coating and markings also makes

ammunition easy to identify and provides some camouflage. Ammunition

20mm and larger is color-coded lAW MIL-STD 709C (see Tables F-2 and F-3).

Figure F-5 shows typical markings for an artillery round of ammunition.

F-8. Small arms ammunition is not color-coded under MIL-STD 709C. Either

the small arms projectiles or the bullet tips are painted a distinctive color so

they can be identified quickly. Figures F-6 through F-8, pages F-7 through F-

9, show the color codes for types of small arms ammunition up to and

including.50 caliber. For more information, see TM 9-1300-200. Significant

features of the current color-coding standard are as follows:

.Olive drab. With yellow markings, OD indicates an HE round.

However, OD is also being used as a basic color for certain new

rounds such as ICMs, the flechette antipersonnel round, and some

new illumination rounds for specific field artillery weapons.

Overpacking. Ammunition overpacked in color-coded bombs, in unit

dispensers, or in warheads, must not be color-coded.

.

F-3

Color1,2 Fed Std No 595

Yellow 33538

Brown 30117

or

30140

Gray3,4 36231

Dark red 31136

Dark green3 34108

Violet 17100

Black3,s 37038

Silver/aluminum 17178

Light green3 34558

or

34449

Light red 31158

White3,s,6 37875

Light Blue 35109

Orange 32246

Bronze, gold, 17043

brass

FM 4-30.13

Camouflage. Ammunition containing toxic chemical, incapacitating,

or riot control chemical agents must never be camouflaged by

painting.

Standard DOD Ammunition Color Code. MIL-STD 709C contains

the standard ammunition color code for 20mm and larger

ammunition. Be aware, though, that there is still ammunition coded

as specified by MIL-STD 709-B and MIL-STD 709-A. If this is the

case, see the appropriate MIL-STD or TM 9-1300-200.

.

.

Table F-2. Ammunition Color Code, MIL-STD 709C

Interpretation

Identifies HE ammunition or indicates presence of HE,

Identifies low-explosive items of components or

indicates low explosive, Normally brown band around

the item,

Identifies chemical ammunition containing toxic

chemical, incapacitating or riot control agent Used as

basic COIOL

Identifies riot control agent filieL

Identifies toxic chemical agent filieL Used for

markings and bands,

Identifies incapacitating agent filieL Used for markings

or bands,

Identifies armor-defeating ammunition or indicates

armor-defeating capability,

Identifies countermeasure ammunition (e,g" radar

echo, leaflets),

Identifies screening or marking smoke ammunition,

Identifies incendiary ammunition or indicates highly

flammable material (liquids, jellies, solids) that

produce damage by fire,

Identifies illuminating ammunition or ammunition that

produces a colored light

Identifies practice ammunition,

May be used to identify ammunition used for tracking

and recovery in tests or training operations (e,g"

underwater mines and torpedoes),

Identifies completely inert ammunition for use in

activities such as assembly, testing, handling, drills,

etc" not to be delivered in a delivery system,

Footnote, The following have no color-coding significance:

1, Colors specifically applied to identify the color of smoke ammunition or pyrotechnics,

2, Unpainted or natural color ammunition,

3, Gray black, green, or white on underwater ammunition,

4, Gray on air-launched missiles,

5, Black or white when used for lettering or special marking,

6, White on guided missiles, dispensers, and rocket launchers,

F-4

Colors

Ammunition Body Markings 1Bands

HE, except 20mm Olive drab Yellow Yellow 2,3,4,5

HE, 20mm Yellow Black None

Explosive binary munitions Olive drab Yellow Broken yellow6

HEP Olive drab Yellow Black

HEAT Black Yellow None

Antipersonnel and antitank mines Olive drab Yellow Ye IIow3

Incendiary Light red Black None

HEI Yellow Black Light red

API Black White Light red

AP

With bursting charge Black Yellow None

Without bursting charge Black White None

Canister Olive drab White None

Flechette-Ioaded Olive drab White White?

Yellows

Chemical

Filled with a toxic chemical binary Gray Dark Green One broken

nerve agent dark green9,10,11

Illuminating

Separate loading Olive drab White White

Fixed or semifixed White Black None

Practice

With low explosive to indicate Brown

functioning

With high explosive to indicate Yellow

functioning

Without explosive to indicate None

functioning

Screening or marking

Smoke ammunition

Filled with other than WP Light green Black None

Filled with WP Light green Light red Ye IIow9

Light red12

Inert ammunition not designed to be Bronze Black None

delivered in a delivery system

Chemical

Filled with a riot control agent Gray Red One red9

Filled with an incapacitating agent Gray Violet One violet9

Filled with a toxic chemical agent Gray Dark Green One dark green9

other than binary agents

Filled with a toxic chemical binary Gray Dark Green One broken

nerve agent dark green 9,10

FM 4-30.13

Table F-3. Application of Color Codes for Particular Ammunition Items,

MIL-STD 709C

F-5

FM 4-30.13

Table F-3. Application of Color Codes for Particular Ammunition Items, MIL-

STD 709C (Continued)

Footnotes:

1. Color of the letters and figures normally used for the main identification.

2. Circumferential band of yellow diamond-shaped figures on semifixed and separate-

loading improved conventional munitions.

3. Circumferential band of yellow triangular-shaped figures on mass scatterable mine

and loaded semifixed and separate-loading ammunition.

4. Separate-loading ammunition for shipboard use has a circumferential yellow band

besides yellow markings.

5. Bombs have one yellow band except thermally protected bombs, which have two

yellow bands besides yellow markings.

6. Circumferential broken yellow band (1/2-inch segments with 1/2-inch gaps) on

explosive binary munitions.

7. Circumferential band of white diamond-shaped figures on ammunition containing

flechettes.

8. Yellow band put on when the ammunition contains explosives used to fracture the

projectile.

9. Yellow band put on to indicate HE burster.

10. Toxic chemical agent ammunition containing a binary nerve agent filling shown by a

broken dark green band (1/2-inch segments separated by 1/2-inch spaces).

11. Both color applications are standard. However, for land ammunition use, separate-

loading ammunition is olive drab for overall body color with a white band and main

identification details marked white. Fixed and semifixed ammunition is white for

overall body color with main identification details in black.

12. Separate-loading ammunition for shipboard use has black markings and a light red

band.

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Figure F-6. 5.56mm Cartridges

FM 4-30.13

F-7

FM 4-30.13

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FM 4-30.13

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Figure F-8. Caliber .50 Cartridges

F-9

Appendix G

Movement Control and Types of Transport

This appendix provides an overview of the responsibilities of movement

control organizations. It addresses the importance of these organizations

in ensuring that munitions are efficiently moved at the right time and

place. Although modular munitions platoons or companies may not

always be directly involved in movement control, they depend on an

effective transportation system for receipt and shipment of munitions. At

times, unit personnel may work directly with movement control teams in

coordinating munitions shipments.

OVERVIEW

G-l. In a force projection environment, the employment of military ground

forces and combat power decides the outcome of campaigns and operations.

The success of these forces often depends on sound, timely deployment and

sustainment support. A well defined, integrated transportation system is

fundamental to the success of these operations. Movement control is one of

the most critical functions of the transportation system. It contributes

significantly to the success or failure of any operation. Effective movement

control of forces, units, and logistics (particularly munitions) enhances

combat effectiveness. Inadequate control results in waste, reduced efficiency,

and loss of potential combat power. Movement control incorporates the

following actions:

.Planning.

.Validating.

.Allocating.

.Routing.

.Coordinating.

.Force tracking.

.Priority management.

.In-transit visibility.

Also, movement control is the commitment of apportioned transportation

assets according to command directives.

THEATER DISTRIBUTION

G-2. Theater distribution involves a fully integrated distribution

management system that uses technology, doctrine, and procedures to

enhance distribution operations. Effective distribution management

coordinates the various sub-elements of the following distribution equation:

.Transportation elements of movement control, mode operations, and

terminal and cargo transfer operations.

Materiel management.

.

G-O

FM 4-30.13

.Supply support.

Movement control is key to developing the distribution plan. Movement

programming, highway regulation, and the establishment of movement

control interfaces throughout the distribution structure are all critical to the

success of the theater distribution plan.

G-3. One of the major tasks of the TSC is development of the theater

distribution plan to support the theater commander's intent and concept of

operation. This plan fuses transportation and materiel into one system,

incorporating RSO&I and sustainment operations. The distribution system is

a complex of networks, facilities, procedures, arrangements, and units. The

unit's responsibility is to receive, store, maintain, issue, and move materiel,

personnel, and equipment.

G-4. The distribution system functions along LOCs that take into account

transportation assets and geography of the theater and area of operations.

Throughput is a function of the transfer capacity of key nodes along the LOC.

Nodes are locations where a materiel or unit movement requirement is

originated, processed for onward movement, and transferred to another

transport node or terminated. Nodes and LOC security are essential to an

effective distribution plan. Nodes for materiel and munitions movements

include the SPOD, APOD, TSA, CSA, ASP, and ATP.

MOVEMENT CONTROL INTERFACE

G-5. An effective distribution system requires continuous coordination

between materiel and movement control personnel and organizations at

every level of command. During the movement program planning process,

planners allocate available transportation resources to support requirements

based on the commander's priorities. Logisticians at each level are

responsible for implementing these priorities. The functions of the movement

program are as follows:

Establishes which requirements can be resourced given available

transportation assets, units, and infrastructure.

Serves as the authority for committing transportation assets.

Authorizes MCTs to issue TMRs.

Directs mode operators to furnish assets.

Alerts receiving units to accept programmed shipments so they can

unload transportation assets promptly.

G-6. Planners must be flexible because requirements often change to

accommodate changes in priority, unit locations, asset availability, and

conditions of the LOCs. Planners coordinate with the TSC and COSCOM

regarding the positioning of transportation units and supply activities. Also,

they coordinate with shippers and receivers to determine their capability to

receive, handle, and load by various transportation nodes. This capability is

based on the availability of MHE, CHE, ramps, labor, storage capacity, and

other factors that effect transportation services.

.

.

.

.

.

G-1

FM 4-30.13

MOVEMENT CONTROL ORGANIZATIONS

G-7. The organizations discussed in this section are representative of those

involved in the movement of munitions. All units in the munitions support

structure must have an understanding of the movement process in the

theater of operations and of the responsibilities of these organizations.

MOVEMENT CONTROL AGENCY

G-8. The MCA provides movement management services for all common user

transportation nodes, including alliedlHN assets when they are committed to

support the theater logistics or transportation plan. The MCA performs the

following functions:

.Monitors daily transportation movement requirements and

capabilities.

.Implements the task force commander's priorities.

.Supervises movement control battalions (EAC).

.Develops and enforces theater highway regulations.

The MCA is a modularly designed organization and is assigned to a TSC.

MOVEMENT CONTROL BATTALION (EAC)

G-9. The MCB (EAC) commands, controls, and supervises MCTs; controls the

movement of all personnel, units, and materiel in the theater; and maximizes

the use of available transportation assets. It is assigned to a TSC and is

normally attached to the MCA. The battalion commands and controls MCTs

behind the corps rear boundary. It provides asset visibility and maintains

ITV of tactical and nontactical moves within the MCA defined geographical

area.

MOVEMENT CONTROL BATTALION (CORPS)

G-IO. The corps MCB commands and controls MCTs forward of the corps rear

boundary. It is assigned to a corps and plans, coordinates, and manages

movement programming, highway regulation, and transportation support for

the corps. The corps MCB provides asset visibility and maintains ITV of

tactical and nontactical moves within the corps defined geographical area.

PORT MCT

G-l1. The port MCT expedites, coordinates, and supervises transportation

support of units, cargo, and personnel into, through, and out of air, land, or

water ports (with the exception of bulk POL using a pipeline). The port MCT

is assigned to a corps, ASCC, or TSC and is normally attached to an MCB

(EAC or corps). It expedites the throughput of cargo through the

transportation system and provides ITV of units, cargo, and personnel

transiting fromlto PODs/POEs. This MCT deploys on an as-needed basis,

supporting onward movement and sustainment operations.

AREA MCT

G-12. The area MCT expedites, coordinates, and supervises transportation

support of units, cargo, and personnel into, through, and out of air, land, or

G-2

FM 4-30.13

water ports. It supports inland transfer points and supply support activities.

It expedites cargo throughput and provides ITV of units, cargo, and personnel

moving through an assigned geographic area. The area MCT is assigned to a

corps, ASCC, or TSC and is normally attached to an MCB (corps or EAC).

DIVISION SUPPORT MCT

G-13. The division support MCT augments the DTO. It assists the DTO with

movement programming, highway regulation, and division transportation

support. It assists in executing divisional highway regulation for non tactical

movements and planning and coordinating division MSRs. Also, the division

support MCT provides movement control for tactical and nontactical road

marches. It is assigned to a corps and attached to a division.

MOVEMENT REGULATING CONTROL TEAM

G-14. The MRCT operates up to four separate movement regulating points. It

is assigned to a corps, ASCC, or TSC and is attached to a MCT (corps or

EAC). The MRCT operates on MSRs and other designated controlled routes

to regulate convoys and serve as the eyes and ears of the MCB. Based on

mission requirements, the unit deploys on an as-needed basis.

CARGO DOCUMENTATION TEAM

G-15. The CDT provides cargo documentation for the transshipment of cargo

in water, air, motor, and rail terminals. It is assigned to a corps, ASCC, or

TSC and is attached to an MCB (corps or EAC).

TYPES OF TRANSPORT

G-16. A major activity of most munitions units is loading trucks, railcars, and

aircraft. The planning and execution of the loading process generally requires

some knowledge of the types of transport and their capabilities.

MOTOR

G-17. Motor transport is the backbone of the Army's support and sustainment

structure, providing mobility on and off the battlefield. Motor transport

operations support a variety of missions depending on unit locations and

situations. Motor transport units are usually employed for general support

within a specified area or along specific routes. Most munitions units are

actively engaged in shipping operations where the capacity of different types

of vehicles must be known. Refer to Table G-1 for cargo cube and weight data.

For more detailed information, see Chapter 3 of FM 55-15. This chapter

contains current mechanical data on authorized motor transport vehicles,

including axle weights; truck performance data; center of balance data for

single- unit trucks; and dimensions and capacities for prime movers and

towed vehicles.

AIR

G-18. Airlift is a flexible and essential element of the transportation system.

Army aviation units support theater, corps, and division requirements. The

aviation brigade is the Army's primary aviation unit and is found at EAC,

corps, and division. Army airlift is not intended to compete with Air Force

G-3

Payload in Lbs

Vehicle Weight in Note(s) Length Width Height (1) Cube

Parentheses =in Inches in Inches in Inches in Feet

Towed Payload

Truck, cargo, 1 % T, 4X4, 2,500 (3,400)

M998

Truck, cargo, 1 % T, 4X4, 4,400 (4,200)

M1097

Truck, utility, % T, 4X4, 1,200 (3,000) 1

M1009

Truck, cargo, 1 % T, 4X4, 2,900 (3,000)

M1008

Truck, cargo, 1 % T, 4X4, 3,600 (3,000)

M1028

Truck, cargo, 2 112T, 6X6, 5,000 (6,000) 4 146.8 88 60 441.9

M35A1, A2

Truck, cargo, 2 112T, 6X6, 5,000 (6,000) 4 147 87.6 60 440.5

M35A2C

Truck, cargo, 2 112T, 6X6, 5,000 (6,000) 4 210 88 71.8 759.3

M36A2

Truck, dump, 2 112T, 6X6, 5,000 (6,000) 130 70 24.5 273.8

M342A2

Truck, tractor, 2 112T, 6X6, (17,000) 2

M275A2

Truck, dump, 5 T, 6X6, 10,000 (15,000) 123 82 25 297.6

M51, M51A2

Truck, dump, 5 T, 6X6, 10,000 (15,000) 124.8 81.9 27.1 306.3

M817, M929

Truck, dump, 5 T, 6X6, 10,000 (15,000)

M929A 1, M930A 1, M931

FM 4-30.13

airlift. Its purposes are rapid response for high-priority personnel, supplies,

and equipment and to supplement the lift capability of other Army

transportation systems. Army airlift is essential to the logistic support of

Army operations. There are only three approved methods of external air

transport: slings, cargo nets, and cargo bags. Data on load capacities and

configurations of current Army aircraft are found in FM 55-15, Chapter 2.

RAIL

G-19. Different classification systems exist for locomotives in CONUS and

most other countries throughout the world. Information to include

characteristics of locomotives, capacities of different types of railcars,

maximum load data, and track gauges of the world can be found in FM 55-15,

Chapter 4.

Table G-1. Cargo Cube and Weight

G-4

Payload in Lbs

Vehicle Weight in Note(s) Length Width Height (1) Cube

Parentheses =in Inches in Inches in Inches in Feet

Towed Payload

Truck, tractor, 5 T, 6X6, (30,000) 2

M52, M52A 1

Truck, tractor, 5 T, 6X6, (37,000)

M52A2

Truck, tractor, 5 T, 6X6, (37,500) 2,3

M818, M931A1, M931A2,

M932A 1

Truck, cargo, 5 T, 6X6, 10,000 (15,000) 6, 7 168 88 60 480.2

M54, M54A 1

Truck, cargo, 5 T, 6X6, 10,000 (15,000) 6, 7 168 88 60 482.5

M54A1C

Truck, cargo, 5 T, 6X6, 10,000 (15,000) 6, 7 168 88 61 480.2

M54A2

Truck, cargo, 5 T, 6X6, 10,000 (15,000) 6, 7 168 88.4 60 482.5

M54A2C

Truck, cargo, 5 T, 6X6, 10,000 (15,000) 8244 88 61.3 751.5

M55, M55A2

Truck, cargo, 5 T, 6X6, 10,000 (15,000) 8,9 168 88.3 57.2 468

M813

Truck, cargo, 5 T, 6X6, 10,000 (15,000) 8,9 168 88.3 57.4 468

M813A 1

Truck, cargo, 5 T, 6X6, 10,000 (15,000) 8243.8 87.8 60 733

M814

Truck, cargo, 5 T, 6X6, 10,000 (15,000) 8,9 168 88.3 57.4 468

M923, M923A 1, M923A2,

M925, M925A 1, M925A2,

M927, M927 A 1, M927 A2,

M928,M928A1,M928A2

Truck, cargo, 10 T, 8X8, 22,000 (20,000) 10, 11 216 90 48 540

M977

Truck, cargo, 10 T, 8X8, 18,000 (20,000)

M978

Truck, cargo, 10 T, 8X8, 21,729 (20,000) 11 216 90 48 540

M985

Truck, cargo, 10 T, 8X8, 31,000 (20,000)

M984

Truck, tractor, 10 T, 6X6, (126,000) 2

M916

Truck, tractor, 10 T, 6X6, (130,000) 2

M916A 1

FM 4-30.13

Table G-1. Cargo Cube and Weight (Continued)

G-5

Payload in Lbs

Vehicle Weight in Note(s) Length Width Height (1) Cube

Parentheses =in Inches in Inches in Inches in Feet

Towed Payload

Truck, tractor, 10 T, 6X6, (99,620) 2

M920

Truck, tractor, 10 T, 6X6, (80,000) 2

M123A1 C

Truck, tractor, 14 T, 6X6, (84,000) 2

M915, M915A 1

Truck, tractor, 14 T, 6X6, (105,000) 2

M915A2

Truck, tractor, 16.5 T, 33,000 (50,000)

10X10, PLS, M1074

Truck, tractor, 16.5 T, 33,000 (50,000)

1OX10, PLS w/crane,

M1075

Truck, cargo, 2 112T, 4X4, 5,000 (9,520) 144 95

FMTV (LMTV), M1078,

LAPES M1081

Truck, cargo, 5 T, 6X6, 10,000 (21,000) 168 95

FMTV M1083, w/MHE

M1084

Truck, cargo, 5 T, 6X6, 10,000 (21,000) 240 95

FMTV, M1085, w/MHE

M1086

Truck, tractor, 5 T, 6X6, (25,000)

FMTV, M1088

Truck, dump, 5 T, 6X6, 10,000 (21,000) 135

FMTV, M1090

Truck, cargo, 5 T, 6X6, 10,000 (21,000) 168 95

FMTV, LAPES/AD, M1093

Truck, dump, 5 T, 6X6, 10,000 (21,000) 135

FMTV, LAPES, M1094

Notes:

1. Highway requirements only

2. Towed load is the total weight of the semitrailer and payload.

3. Vehicles approved for use with M871 semitrailer carrying loads up to 44, 800 pounds.

4. Cubic capacity reduced 6.6 cubic feet for curve of bows.

5. Cubic capacity reduced 8.8 cubic feet for curve of bows.

6. Cubic capacity reduced 26.1 cubic feet for spare tire and carrier in cargo body.

7. Cubic capacity reduced 7.0 cubic feet for curve of bows.

8. Cubic capacity reduced 10.2 cubic feet for curve of bows.

9. Cubic capacity reduced 14.5 cubic feet for spare tire and carrier in cargo body.

10. Cubic capacity reduced 27.0 cubic feet for spare tire and carrier in cargo body.

11. Cube measured to top of spare tire.

FM 4-30.13

Table G-1. Cargo Cube and Weight (Continued)

G-6